Adaptation to different thermal environments has the potential to cause evolutionary changes that are sufficient to drive ecological speciation. Here, we examine whether climate-based niche divergence in lizards of the Plestiodon skiltonianus species complex is consistent with the outcomes of such a process. Previous work on this group shows that a mechanical sexual barrier has evolved between species that differ mainly in body size and that the barrier may be a by-product of selection for increased body size in lineages that have invaded xeric environments; however, baseline information on niche divergence among members of the group is lacking. We quantified the climatic niche using mechanistic physiological and correlative niche models and then estimated niche differences among species using ordination techniques and tests of niche overlap and equivalency. Our results show that the thermal niches of size-divergent, reproductively isolated morphospecies are significantly differentiated and that precipitation may have been as important as temperature in causing increased shifts in body size in xeric habitats. While these findings alone do not demonstrate thermal adaptation or identify the cause of speciation, their integration with earlier genetic and behavioral studies provides a useful test of phenotype–environment associations that further support the case for ecological speciation in these lizards.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.1610","usgsCitation":"Wogan, G.O., and Richmond, J.Q., 2015, Niche divergence builds the case for ecological speciation in skinks of the Plestiodon skiltonianus species complex: Ecology and Evolution, v. 5, no. 20, p. 4683-4695, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1610.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"4683","endPage":"4695","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066537","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1610","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310748,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"20","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56333585e4b048076347eea1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wogan, Guinevere O.U.","contributorId":149463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wogan","given":"Guinevere","email":"","middleInitial":"O.U.","affiliations":[{"id":17743,"text":"Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richmond, Jonathan Q. 0000-0001-9398-4894 jrichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9398-4894","contributorId":5400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Jonathan","email":"jrichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70156184,"text":"sir20155115 - 2015 - Hydrology of and Current Monitoring Issues for the Chicago Area Waterway System, Northeastern Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-17T07:36:24","indexId":"sir20155115","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-28T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5115","title":"Hydrology of and Current Monitoring Issues for the Chicago Area Waterway System, Northeastern Illinois","docAbstract":"The Chicago Area Waterway System (CAWS) consists of a combination of natural and manmade channels that form an interconnected navigable waterway of approximately 90-plus miles in the metropolitan Chicago area of northeastern Illinois. The CAWS serves the area as the primary drainage feature, a waterway transportation corridor, and recreational waterbody. The CAWS was constructed by the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago (MWRDGC). Completion of the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal (initial portion of the CAWS) in 1900 breached a low drainage divide and resulted in a diversion of water from the Lake Michigan Basin. A U.S. Supreme Court decree (Consent Decree 388 U.S. 426 [1967] Modified 449 U.S. 48 [1980]) limits the annual diversion from Lake Michigan. While the State of Illinois is responsible for the diversion, the MWRDGC regulates and maintains water level and water quality within the CAWS by using several waterway control structures. The operation and control of water levels in the CAWS results in a very complex hydraulic setting characterized by highly unsteady flows. The complexity leads to unique gaging requirements and monitoring issues. This report provides a general discussion of the complex hydraulic setting within the CAWS and quantifies this information with examples of data collected at a range of flow conditions from U.S. Geological Survey streamflow gaging stations and other locations within the CAWS. Monitoring to address longstanding issues of waterway operation, as well as current (2014) emerging issues such as wastewater disinfection and the threat from aquatic invasive species, is included in the discussion.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155115","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency– Great Lakes Restoration Initiative","usgsCitation":"Duncker, J.J. and Johnson, K.K., 2015, Hydrology of and current monitoring issues for the Chicago Area Waterway\nSystem, northeastern Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5115, 48 p., https://dx.doi.\norg/10.3133/sir20155115.","productDescription":"vi, 48 p.","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-038442","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310678,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5115/sir20155115.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.07 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5115"},{"id":310677,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5115/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Chicago","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.099365234375,\n 41.57847058443442\n ],\n [\n -88.099365234375,\n 42.18579390537848\n ],\n [\n -87.47039794921874,\n 42.18579390537848\n ],\n [\n -87.47039794921874,\n 41.57847058443442\n ],\n [\n -88.099365234375,\n 41.57847058443442\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Illinois Water Science Center
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About 35 million years ago, during late Eocene time, a 2-mile-wide asteroid or comet smashed into Earth in what is now the lower Chesapeake Bay in Virginia. The oceanic impact vaporized, melted, fractured, and (or) displaced the target rocks and sediments and sent billions of tons of water, sediments, and rocks into the air. Glassy particles of solidified melt rock rained down as far away as Texas and the Caribbean. Models suggest that even up to 50 miles away the velocity of the intensely hot air blast was greater than 1,500 miles per hour, and ground shaking was equivalent to an earthquake greater than magnitude 8.0 on the Richter scale. Large tsunamis affected most of the North Atlantic basin. The Chesapeake Bay impact structure is among the 20 largest known impact structures on Earth.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153071","usgsCitation":"Powars, D.S., Edwards, L.E., Gohn, G.S., and Horton, J.W., Jr., 2015, The Chesapeake Bay impact structure: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015–3071, 2 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20153071.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-069422","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310712,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/gip159","text":"General Information Product 159 - Bookmark","size":"348 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2015-3071"},{"id":310711,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3071/fs20153071.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.55 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2015-3071"},{"id":310710,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3071/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.003173828125,\n 36.641977814705946\n ],\n [\n -77.003173828125,\n 37.79676317682161\n ],\n [\n -75.0531005859375,\n 37.79676317682161\n ],\n [\n -75.0531005859375,\n 36.641977814705946\n ],\n [\n -77.003173828125,\n 36.641977814705946\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center
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Hawaiian forest birds serve as an ideal group to explore the extent of climate change impacts on at-risk species. Avian malaria constrains many remaining Hawaiian forest bird species to high elevations where temperatures are too cool for malaria's life cycle and its principal mosquito vector. The impact of climate change on Hawaiian forest birds has been a recent focus of Hawaiian conservation biology, and has centered on the links between climate and avian malaria. To elucidate the differential impacts of projected climate shifts on species with known varying niches, disease resistance and tolerance, we use a comprehensive database of species sightings, regional climate projections and ensemble distribution models to project distribution shifts for all Hawaiian forest bird species. We illustrate that, under a likely scenario of continued disease-driven distribution limitation, all 10 species with highly reliable models (mostly narrow-ranged, single-island endemics) are expected to lose >50% of their range by 2100. Of those, three are expected to lose all range and three others are expected to lose >90% of their range. Projected range loss was smaller for several of the more widespread species; however improved data and models are necessary to refine future projections. Like other at-risk species, Hawaiian forest birds have specific habitat requirements that limit the possibility of range expansion for most species, as projected expansion is frequently in areas where forest habitat is presently not available (such as recent lava flows). Given the large projected range losses for all species, protecting high elevation forest alone is not an adequate long-term strategy for many species under climate change. We describe the types of additional conservation actions practitioners will likely need to consider, while providing results to help with such considerations.
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A.","contributorId":107200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amidon","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paxton, Eben H. 0000-0001-5578-7689 epaxton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-7689","contributorId":438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"Eben H.","email":"epaxton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":581359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jacobi, James D. 0000-0003-2313-7862 jjacobi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2313-7862","contributorId":3705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobi","given":"James","email":"jjacobi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70156292,"text":"70156292 - 2015 - Simulating maize yield and bomass with spatial variability of soil field capacity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-06T10:35:22","indexId":"70156292","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-27T17:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":684,"text":"Agronomy Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulating maize yield and bomass with spatial variability of soil field capacity","docAbstract":"Spatial variability in field soil properties is a challenge for system modelers who use single representative values, such as means, for model inputs, rather than their distributions. In this study, the root zone water quality model (RZWQM2) was first calibrated for 4 yr of maize (Zea mays L.) data at six irrigation levels in northern Colorado and then used to study spatial variability of soil field capacity (FC) estimated in 96 plots on maize yield and biomass. The best results were obtained when the crop parameters were fitted along with FCs, with a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 354 kg ha–1 for yield and 1202 kg ha–1 for biomass. When running the model using each of the 96 sets of field-estimated FC values, instead of calibrating FCs, the average simulated yield and biomass from the 96 runs were close to measured values with a RMSE of 376 kg ha–1 for yield and 1504 kg ha–1 for biomass. When an average of the 96 FC values for each soil layer was used, simulated yield and biomass were also acceptable with a RMSE of 438 kg ha–1 for yield and 1627 kg ha–1 for biomass. Therefore, when there are large numbers of FC measurements, an average value might be sufficient for model inputs. However, when the ranges of FC measurements were known for each soil layer, a sampled distribution of FCs using the Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) might be used for model inputs.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","doi":"10.2134/agronj2015.0206","usgsCitation":"Ma, L., Ahuja, L., Trout, T., Nolan, B.T., and Malone, R.W., 2015, Simulating maize yield and bomass with spatial variability of soil field capacity: Agronomy Journal, v. 108, no. 1, p. 171-184, https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2015.0206.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"184","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060069","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313916,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"568e492ae4b0e7a44bc41a6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ma, Liwang","contributorId":6751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ma","given":"Liwang","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ahuja, Lajpat","contributorId":100275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahuja","given":"Lajpat","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trout, Thomas","contributorId":95785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trout","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nolan, Bernard T. 0000-0002-6945-9659 btnolan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6945-9659","contributorId":2190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"Bernard","email":"btnolan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Malone, Robert W.","contributorId":10347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malone","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70155818,"text":"sir20155108 - 2015 - Flood-Inundation Maps for the North River in Colrain, Charlemont, and Shelburne, Massachusetts, From the Confluence of the East and West Branch North Rivers to the Deerfield River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T14:31:00","indexId":"sir20155108","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-27T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5108","title":"Flood-Inundation Maps for the North River in Colrain, Charlemont, and Shelburne, Massachusetts, From the Confluence of the East and West Branch North Rivers to the Deerfield River","docAbstract":"A series of 10 digital flood-inundation maps were developed for a 3.3-mile reach of the North River in Colrain, Charlemont, and Shelburne, Massachusetts, by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The coverage of the maps extends from the confluence of the East and West Branch North Rivers to the Deerfield River. Peak-flow estimates at the 50-, 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, 0.5-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probabilities were computed for the reach from updated flood-frequency analyses. These peak flows were routed through a one-dimensional step-backwater hydraulic model to obtain the corresponding peak water-surface elevations and to place the tropical storm Irene flood of August 28, 2011, into historical context. The hydraulic model was calibrated by using the current [2015] stage-discharge relation at the U.S. Geological Survey streamgage North River at Shattuckville, MA (station number 01169000), and from documented high-water marks from the tropical storm Irene flood, which had a peak flow with approximately a 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability.
\nA hydraulic model was used to compute water-surface profiles for 10 flood stages referenced to the streamgage and ranging from 6.6 feet (ft; 464.5 ft North American Vertical Datum of 1988 [which is approximately bankfull]) to 18.3 ft (476.2 ft North American Vertical Datum of 1988 [which is the stage of the 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability peak flow and exceeds the maximum recorded water level at the streamgage and the National Weather Service major flood stage of 13.0 ft]. The mapped stages of 6.6 to 18.3 ft were selected to match the stages of flows for bankfull; the 50-, 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, 0.5-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probabilities; and an incremental stage of 17.0 ft. The simulated water-surface profiles were combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model derived from light detection and ranging (lidar) data with a 0.5-ft vertical accuracy to create a set of flood-inundation maps.
\nThe availability of the flood-inundation maps, combined with information regarding near-real-time stage from the U.S. Geological Survey North River at Shattuckville, MA streamgage can provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities, such as evacuations and road closures, and postflood recovery efforts. The flood-inundation maps are nonregulatory, but provide Federal, State, and local agencies and the public with estimates of the potential extent of flooding during selected peak-flow events. Introduction
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155108","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Bent, G.C., Lombard, P.J., and Dudley, R.W., 2015, Flood-inundation maps for the North River in Colrain, Charlemont, and Shelburne, Massachusetts, from the confluence of the East and West Branch North Rivers to the Deerfield River: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5108, 16 p., appendixes, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155108.","productDescription":"Report: v, 15 p.; Appendixes: 1-2; Application site; Metadata; Spacial data","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-061968","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310349,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5108/sir20155108.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.54 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5108"},{"id":310384,"rank":6,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5108/attachments/sir20155108_flood-inundation-gis.zip","text":"Flood Inundation - GIS","size":"4.64 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIR 2015-5108"},{"id":310385,"rank":7,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5108/attachments/sir20155108_flood-inundation-gis-metadata.xml","text":"Flood Inundation - GIS Metadata (xml)","size":"12.5 KB","description":"SIR 2015-5108"},{"id":310386,"rank":8,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://wimcloud.usgs.gov/apps/FIM/FloodInundationMapper.html","text":"Flood Inundation Mapper","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":310383,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5108/attachments/sir20155108_appendix2-shapefiles.zip","text":"Appendix 2 - Shapefiles","size":"31 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIR 2015-5108"},{"id":310382,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5108/attachments/sir20155108_appendix2-metadata.xml","text":"Appendix 2 - Metadata (xml)","size":"11.8 KB","description":"SIR 2015-5108"},{"id":310350,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5108/attachments/sir20155108_app1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"13.4 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2015-5108"},{"id":310629,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5108/images/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Colrain, Charlemont, Shelburne, Shattuckville","otherGeospatial":"North River, Deerfield River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.0810546875,\n 42.285437007491545\n ],\n [\n -72.421875,\n 42.285437007491545\n ],\n [\n -72.421875,\n 42.70665956351041\n ],\n [\n -73.0810546875,\n 42.70665956351041\n ],\n [\n -73.0810546875,\n 42.285437007491545\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
10 Bearfoot Road
Northborough, MA 01532
Or visit our Web site at
http://newengland.water.usgs.gov/
This map and cross sections are redrafted modified versions of the Geological map of the Kundelan ore deposit area, scale 1:10,000 (graphical supplement no. 18) and the Geological map of the Kundelan deposits, scale 1:2,000 (graphical supplement no. 3) both contained in an unpublished Soviet report by Litvinenko and others (1971) (report no. 0540). The unpublished Soviet report was prepared in cooperation with the Ministry of Mines and Industries of the Royal Government of Afghanistan in Kabul during 1971. This redrafted map and cross sections illustrate the geology of the main Kundelan copper-gold skarn deposit, located within the Kundelan copper and gold area of interest (AOI), Zabul Province, Afghanistan. Areas of interest (AOIs) of non-fuel mineral resources within Afghanistan were first described and defined by Peters and others (2007) and later by the work of Peters and others (2011a). The location of the main Kundelan copper-gold skarn deposit (area of this map) and the Kundelan copper and gold AOI is shown on the index map provided on this map sheet.
\nThe estimated resources of the Kundelan copper-gold skarn deposit are 21,400 metric tons (t) of copper, 1.6 t of gold, and 133.4 t of molybdenum at an average grade of 1.21 weight percent (wt. %) copper (ranging from 0.66 to 4.03 wt. % copper); 0.9 grams per metric ton (g/t) gold (ranging from 0.3 to 3.1 g/t gold); 0.14 wt. % molybdenum; and as much as 10 g/t silver and 0.03 wt. % bismuth (Peters and others, 2011b).
\nSmall past production of gold and base metals is also reported by Douvgal and others (1971) from many prospects within the Kundelan copper and gold AOI. Outside the skarn areas, argillic hydrothermal alteration is present (Abdullah and others, 1977). Most copper and gold prospects in the Kundelan copper and gold AOI are reported to contain commercial-grade ores of copper and (or) gold, and many prospect areas have potential for these commodities to be discovered in commercial volumes. Future initial mine exploration and later development in many of the prospects, and specifically in the Kundelan copper-gold skarn deposit, could result in near-term small- to medium-sized gold mining operations (Peters and others, 2011b).
\nThe redrafted map and cross sections reproduce the topology of rock units, contacts, faults, and so forth, of the original Soviet map and cross sections, and they include modifications based on our examination of these documents and our observations made during a brief field visit in August of 2010. We have attempted to translate the original Russian terminology and rock classifications into modern English geologic usage as literally as possible without changing any genetic or process-oriented implications in the original descriptions. We also use the age designations from the original Soviet maps, except for the phase I and II intrusive igneous rocks. Phase I and II igneous rocks are reassigned an Early Cretaceous age (from lower Paleogene) based on a uranium-lead (U-Pb) zircon SHRIMP analysis from quartz diorite, which yielded an age of 104±1 Ma (mega-annum). The information provided in the description of map units is from both the source report by Litvinenko and others (1971) and the original 1:10,000 scale map (graphical supplement no. 18), also from Litvinenko and others (1971). Because of the poor quality of the original map, some map features could not be identified and some features may be misinterpreted. The rock unit colors used on the redrafted maps and cross sections differ from the colors shown on the original Soviet version. Colors were selected according to the color and pattern scheme of the Commission for the Geological Map of the World (CGMW) at http://www.ccgm.org.
\nElevations on the cross sections are derived from the original Soviet topography and may not match the Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM) topography used on the redrafted map of this report. Most hydrography derived from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) has not been included on our redrafted version of the map because of a poor fit with alluvial deposits from the unmodified original Soviet map (graphical supplement no. 18; Litvinenko and others, 1971).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151198","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Afghan Geological Survey under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Defense","usgsCitation":"Tucker, R.D., Peters, S.G., Stettner, W.R., Masonic, L.M., and Moran, T.W., comps., 2015, Geologic map of Kundelan ore deposits and prospects, Zabul Province, Afghanistan; Modified from the 1971 original map compilations of K.I. Litvinenko and others: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1198, 1 sheet, scale 1:10,000, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151198.","productDescription":"1 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059646","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310464,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1198/ofr20151198.pdf","text":"Report","size":"75.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1198"},{"id":310463,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1198/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"Afghanistan","state":"Zabul Province","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 66.884765625,\n 31.59725256170666\n ],\n [\n 69.3896484375,\n 31.59725256170666\n ],\n [\n 69.3896484375,\n 33.32134852669881\n ],\n [\n 66.884765625,\n 33.32134852669881\n ],\n [\n 66.884765625,\n 31.59725256170666\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Office of International Programs
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917 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
http://international.usgs.gov/index.htm
Species distribution models (SDM) are used to help understand what drives the distribution of various plant and animal species. These models are typically high dimensional scalar functions, where the dimensions of the domain correspond to predictor variables of the model algorithm. Understanding and exploring the differences between models help ecologists understand areas where their data or understanding of the system is incomplete and will help guide further investigation in these regions. These differences can also indicate an important source of model to model uncertainty. However, it is cumbersome and often impractical to perform this analysis using existing tools, which allows for manual exploration of the models usually as 1-dimensional curves. In this paper, we propose a topology-based framework to help ecologists explore the differences in various SDMs directly in the high dimensional domain. In order to accomplish this, we introduce the concept of maximum topology matching that computes a locality-aware correspondence between similar extrema of two scalar functions. The matching is then used to compute the similarity between two functions. We also design a visualization interface that allows ecologists to explore SDMs using their topological features and to study the differences between pairs of models found using maximum topological matching. We demonstrate the utility of the proposed framework through several use cases using different data sets and report the feedback obtained from ecologists.
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rherrmann@usgs.gov","contributorId":5609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrmann","given":"Robert","email":"rherrmann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":573722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Briggs, Richard W. 0000-0001-8108-0046 rbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8108-0046","contributorId":139002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Richard","email":"rbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Smoczyk, Gregory M. 0000-0002-6591-4060 gsmoczyk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6591-4060","contributorId":5239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoczyk","given":"Gregory","email":"gsmoczyk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Bergman, Eric","contributorId":28160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergman","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Earle, Paul S. pearle@usgs.gov","contributorId":840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earle","given":"Paul","email":"pearle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70168448,"text":"70168448 - 2015 - Validation of meter-scale surface faulting offset measurements from high-resolution topographic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-15T08:54:35","indexId":"70168448","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-23T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Validation of meter-scale surface faulting offset measurements from high-resolution topographic data","docAbstract":"Studies of active fault zones have flourished with the availability of high-resolution topographic data, particularly where airborne light detection and ranging (lidar) and structure from motion (SfM) data sets provide a means to remotely analyze submeter-scale fault geomorphology. To determine surface offset at a point along a strike-slip earthquake rupture, geomorphic features (e.g., stream channels) are measured days to centuries after the event. Analysis of these and cumulatively offset features produces offset distributions for successive earthquakes that are used to understand earthquake rupture behavior. As researchers expand studies to more varied terrain types, climates, and vegetation regimes, there is an increasing need to standardize and uniformly validate measurements of tectonically displaced geomorphic features. A recently compiled catalog of nearly 5000 earthquake offsets across a range of measurement and reporting styles provides insight into quality rating and uncertainty trends from which we formulate best-practice and reporting recommendations for remote studies. In addition, a series of public and beginner-level studies validate the remote methodology for a number of tools and emphasize considerations to enhance measurement accuracy and precision for beginners and professionals. Our investigation revealed that (1) standardizing remote measurement methods and reporting quality rating schemes is essential for the utility and repeatability of fault-offset measurements; (2) measurement discrepancies often involve misinterpretation of the offset geomorphic feature and are a function of the investigator’s experience; (3) comparison of measurements made by a single investigator in different climatic regions reveals systematic differences in measurement uncertainties attributable to variation in feature preservation; (4) measuring more components of a displaced geomorphic landform produces more consistently repeatable estimates of offset; and (5) inadequate understanding of pre-event morphology and post-event modifications represents a greater epistemic limitation than the aleatoric limitations of the measurement process.
\n","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/GES01197.1","usgsCitation":"Salisbury, B., Haddad, D., Rockwell, T.K., Arrowsmith, R., Madugo, C., Zielke, O., and Scharer, K.M., 2015, Validation of meter-scale surface faulting offset measurements from high-resolution topographic data: Geosphere, v. 6, no. 11, p. 1884-1901, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01197.1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1884","endPage":"1901","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064820","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01197.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318019,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c304e0e4b0946c65208823","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Salisbury, Barrett","contributorId":166850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salisbury","given":"Barrett","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12431,"text":"ASU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haddad, D.E.","contributorId":45545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haddad","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rockwell, T. K.","contributorId":34688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rockwell","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arrowsmith, R.","contributorId":166851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arrowsmith","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12431,"text":"ASU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Madugo, C.","contributorId":166852,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Madugo","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24560,"text":"PGE","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zielke, O.","contributorId":166853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zielke","given":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":24561,"text":"KAUST","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Scharer, Katherine M. 0000-0003-2811-2496 kscharer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2811-2496","contributorId":3385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scharer","given":"Katherine","email":"kscharer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70159638,"text":"70159638 - 2015 - A random-walk algorithm for modeling lithospheric density and the role of body forces in the evolution of the Midcontinent Rift","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-14T12:31:31","indexId":"70159638","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-23T02:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A random-walk algorithm for modeling lithospheric density and the role of body forces in the evolution of the Midcontinent Rift","docAbstract":"
This paper develops a Monte Carlo algorithm for extracting three-dimensional lithospheric density models from geophysical data. Empirical scaling relationships between velocity and density create a 3D starting density model, which is then iteratively refined until it reproduces observed gravity and topography. This approach permits deviations from uniform crustal velocity-density scaling, which provide insight into crustal lithology and prevent spurious mapping of crustal anomalies into the mantle.
\nWe test this algorithm on the Proterozoic Midcontinent Rift (MCR), north-central U.S. The MCR provides a challenge because it hosts a gravity high overlying low shear-wave velocity crust in a generally flat region. Our initial density estimates are derived from a seismic velocity/crustal thickness model based on joint inversion of surface-wave dispersion and receiver functions. By adjusting these estimates to reproduce gravity and topography, we generate a lithospheric-scale model that reveals dense middle crust and eclogitized lowermost crust within the rift. Mantle lithospheric density beneath the MCR is not anomalous, consistent with geochemical evidence that lithospheric mantle was not the primary source of rift-related magmas and suggesting that extension occurred in response to far-field stress rather than a hot mantle plume. Similarly, the subsequent inversion of normal faults resulted from changing far-field stress that exploited not only warm, recently faulted crust but also a gravitational potential energy low in the MCR. The success of this density modeling algorithm in the face of such apparently contradictory geophysical properties suggests that it may be applicable to a variety of tectonic and geodynamic problems.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/2015GC005961","usgsCitation":"Levandowski, W.B., Boyd, O.S., Briggs, R.W., and Gold, R.D., 2015, A random-walk algorithm for modeling lithospheric density and the role of body forces in the evolution of the Midcontinent Rift: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 16, no. 12, p. 4084-4107, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GC005961.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"4084","endPage":"4107","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070530","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471708,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gc005961","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":311381,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.0009765625,\n 48.545705491847464\n ],\n [\n -87.6708984375,\n 48.864714761802794\n ],\n [\n -89.7802734375,\n 48.40003249610685\n ],\n [\n -92.5048828125,\n 47.27922900257082\n ],\n [\n -93.955078125,\n 45.767522962149904\n ],\n [\n -95.1416015625,\n 44.74673324024678\n ],\n [\n -95.6689453125,\n 43.32517767999296\n ],\n [\n -96.064453125,\n 42.65012181368025\n ],\n [\n -96.6796875,\n 41.11246878918086\n ],\n [\n -97.6904296875,\n 39.232253141714885\n ],\n [\n -97.998046875,\n 37.64903402157866\n ],\n [\n -95.49316406249999,\n 37.43997405227057\n ],\n [\n -94.3505859375,\n 38.95940879245423\n ],\n [\n -91.97753906249999,\n 41.178653972331695\n ],\n [\n -91.4501953125,\n 42.19596877629178\n ],\n [\n -91.0546875,\n 43.58039085560786\n ],\n [\n -90.791015625,\n 44.96479793033104\n ],\n [\n -89.69238281249999,\n 45.89000815866184\n ],\n [\n -87.4951171875,\n 46.49839225859763\n ],\n [\n -86.0009765625,\n 48.545705491847464\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564b0c3de4b0ebfbef0d3128","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Levandowski, William Brower 0000-0003-4903-5012 wlevandowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4903-5012","contributorId":5729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levandowski","given":"William","email":"wlevandowski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Brower","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boyd, Oliver S. 0000-0001-9457-0407 olboyd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9457-0407","contributorId":140739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"Oliver","email":"olboyd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Briggs, Richard W. 0000-0001-8108-0046 rbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8108-0046","contributorId":139002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Richard","email":"rbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gold, Ryan D. 0000-0002-4464-6394 rgold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4464-6394","contributorId":3883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gold","given":"Ryan","email":"rgold@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70173836,"text":"70173836 - 2015 - Habitat selection and survival of pronghorn fawns at the Carrizo Plain National Monument, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-24T12:57:04","indexId":"70173836","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-22T18:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1153,"text":"California Fish and Game","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat selection and survival of pronghorn fawns at the Carrizo Plain National Monument, California","docAbstract":"On the Carrizo Plain National Monument (CPNM), California, little is\nknown about survival rates and habitat characteristics of pronghorn fawns\n(Antilocapra americana). A marked decline in pronghorn numbers on the\nCPNM (from approximately 200 to <30 individuals from 1989 to 2011)\nprompted a study of fawn habitat use and fawn survival from 2009 to\n2011. Only 45 fawns were born during this period. We attached GPS\ncollars to 44% of these fawns (<5 days-of-age). We then used the locations\nof collared fawns to develop two separate binary logistic regression\nmodels to explore the best combination of micro- and macrohabitat-scale\nenvironmental variables for predicting (1) fawn habitat selection and\n(2) fawn survival. Model results for habitat selection showed that fawn\nlocations were associated with increased concealment at close distances (5\nm and 50 m) and decreased concealment at far distances (100 m). Fawn\nlocations were on lower sloped terrain and closer to available drinking\nwater and saltbush (Atriplex spp.). Model results for fawn survival showed\nthat increased survival time was associated with higher sloped terrain,\nproximity to available drinking water and saltbush, and increased distance\nfrom high-use roads. Collectively, these results demonstrate that fawn\nhabitat selection is scale-dependent and likely influenced by the combined\nspatio-temporal needs of both females and their young. The results of this\nstudy can be used to inform critical management actions on the CPNM.","language":"English","publisher":"California Department of Fish and Wildlife","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.R., Longshore, K.M., Lowrey, C.E., and Thompson, D., 2015, Habitat selection and survival of pronghorn fawns at the Carrizo Plain National Monument, California: California Fish and Game, v. 101, no. 4, p. 267-279.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"267","endPage":"279","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070598","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324368,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":324367,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Publications/Journal/Contents"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Carrizo Plain National 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Longshore, Kathleen M. 0000-0001-6621-1271 longshore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6621-1271","contributorId":2677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longshore","given":"Kathleen","email":"longshore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":638593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowrey, Chris E. 0000-0001-5084-7275 clowrey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5084-7275","contributorId":3225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowrey","given":"Chris","email":"clowrey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, Daniel B.","contributorId":97829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Daniel B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70157183,"text":"sir20155127 - 2015 - Characteristics of sediment transport at selected sites along the Missouri River, 2011–12","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T15:08:55","indexId":"sir20155127","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-22T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5127","title":"Characteristics of sediment transport at selected sites along the Missouri River, 2011–12","docAbstract":"Extreme flooding in the Missouri River in 2011, followed by a year of more typical streamflows in 2012, allowed the sediment-transport regime to be compared between the unprecedented conditions of 2011 and the year immediately following the flooding. As part of a cooperative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, this report follows up U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013–5006 by comparing sediment transport between years and among sampling sites spanning the Garrison Segment in North Dakota, the Gavins Point Segment downstream from Lewis and Clark Lake, and a part of the Channelized Segment along the Nebraska-Iowa border. Suspended sediment, bed material, bedload, and streamflow data from June 2011 through November 2012 were designated as “measured” total loads, wash loads, and bed-material loads; and, alternatively, were applied to the Modified-Einstein Procedure to compute sediment loads that were designated as “estimated” total loads.
\nBeyond the expected result that sediment loads were much lower during typical streamflows than those measured during the flooding, the measured data indicated some localized sediment-transport processes for further examination. Extreme and prolonged flooding can temporarily deplete sediment supplies locally, and evidence indicating such depletion was present at some sites. Unexpectedly high bed-material loads in the Gavins Point Segment may reflect episodic bar erosion just upstream from the sampling site. The relative contribution of bedload was typically 10 percent or less of the total load during the flooding. Following the flooding, this relative amount increased at some sites but not others, the reasons for which are possibly related to differences in stream velocity. Ultimately, the bedload decreased as it entered the Channelized Segment because of increased velocity and the turbulent mixing ability of the river as compared to the Gavins Point Segment. This turbulent mixing may also convert bed-material load into wash load, thereby rendering those sediments unavailable for creating sandbars and other bedforms. Though some of the sampling data support this premise, it was not consistently manifested by differences between the sediment load of the two segments during typical-streamflow conditions.
\nThe Modified-Einstein Procedure tended to predict greater total-sediment loads when compared to measured values. These differences may be the result of sediment deficits in the Missouri River that lead to an overprediction by the Modified-Einstein Procedure, the unsampled zone above the streambed that leads to an underprediction by the suspended sampler, or general uncertainty in the sampling approach. The differences between total-sediment load obtained through measurements and that estimated from applied theoretical procedures such as the Modified-Einstein Procedure pose a challenge for reliably characterizing total-sediment transport. Though it is not clear which of the two techniques is more accurate, the general tendency of the two to be within an order of magnitude of one another may be adequate for many sediment studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155127","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District","usgsCitation":"Rus, D.L., Galloway, J.M., and Alexander, J.S., 2015, Characteristics of sediment transport at selected sites along the Missouri River, 2011–12: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5127, 34 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155127.","productDescription":"v, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-055952","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310206,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5127/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":310207,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5127/sir20155127.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.34 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5127"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.087890625,\n 38.685509760012\n ],\n [\n -93.42773437499999,\n 40.613952441166596\n ],\n [\n -95.2734375,\n 43.51668853502909\n ],\n [\n -97.18505859374999,\n 45.90529985724796\n ],\n [\n -101.162109375,\n 47.90161354142077\n ],\n [\n -102.9638671875,\n 47.79839667295524\n ],\n [\n -101.62353515625,\n 43.992814500489914\n ],\n [\n -97.53662109375,\n 41.77131167976407\n ],\n [\n -94.9658203125,\n 38.5825261593533\n ],\n [\n -92.08740234375,\n 38.16911413556086\n ],\n [\n -90,\n 38.444984668894705\n ],\n [\n -90.087890625,\n 38.685509760012\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Nebraska Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5231 South 19th Street
Lincoln, Nebraska 68512
http://ne.water.usgs.gov/
The availability of land cover data at local scales is an important component in forest management and monitoring efforts. Regional land cover data seldom provide detailed information needed to support local management needs. Here we present a transferable framework to model forest cover by major plant functional type using aerial photos, multi-date Système Pour l’Observation de la Terre (SPOT) imagery, and topographic variables. We developed probability of occurrence models for deciduous broad-leaved forest and needle-leaved evergreen forest using logistic regression in the southern portion of the Wyoming Basin Ecoregion. The model outputs were combined into a synthesis map depicting deciduous and coniferous forest cover type. We evaluated the models and synthesis map using a field-validated, independent data source. Results showed strong relationships between forest cover and model variables, and the synthesis map was accurate with an overall correct classification rate of 0.87 and Cohen’s kappa value of 0.81. The results suggest our method adequately captures the functional type, size, and distribution pattern of forest cover in a spatially heterogeneous landscape.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/2150704X.2015.1072289","usgsCitation":"Assal, T.J., Anderson, P.J., and Sibold, J., 2015, Mapping forest functional type in a forest-shrubland ecotone using SPOT imagery and predictive habitat distribution modelling: Remote Sensing Letters, v. 6, no. 10, p. 755-764, https://doi.org/10.1080/2150704X.2015.1072289.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"755","endPage":"764","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066673","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310373,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Wyoming Basin Ecoregion","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.8740234375,\n 40.052847601823984\n ],\n [\n -110.8740234375,\n 41.9921602333763\n ],\n [\n -107.830810546875,\n 41.9921602333763\n ],\n [\n -107.830810546875,\n 40.052847601823984\n ],\n [\n -110.8740234375,\n 40.052847601823984\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5629faa5e4b011227bf1fd18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Assal, Timothy J. 0000-0001-6342-2954 assalt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6342-2954","contributorId":2203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Assal","given":"Timothy","email":"assalt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Patrick J. 0000-0003-2281-389X andersonpj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-389X","contributorId":3590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Patrick","email":"andersonpj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sibold, Jason","contributorId":10724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sibold","given":"Jason","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70159328,"text":"70159328 - 2015 - Modeling the development of martian sublimation thermokarst landforms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-01T15:07:43","indexId":"70159328","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-22T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the development of martian sublimation thermokarst landforms","docAbstract":"Sublimation-thermokarst landforms result from collapse of the surface when ice is lost from the subsurface. On Mars, scalloped landforms with scales of decameters to kilometers are observed in the mid-latitudes and considered likely thermokarst features. We describe a landscape evolution model that couples diffusive mass movement and subsurface ice loss due to sublimation. Over periods of tens of thousands of Mars years under conditions similar to the present, the model produces scallop-like features similar to those on the Martian surface, starting from much smaller initial disturbances. The model also indicates crater expansion when impacts occur in surfaces underlain by excess ice to some depth, with morphologies similar to observed landforms on the Martian northern plains. In order to produce these landforms by sublimation, substantial quantities of excess ice are required, at least comparable to the vertical extent of the landform, and such ice must remain in adjacent terrain to support the non-deflated surface. We suggest that Martian thermokarst features are consistent with formation by sublimation, without melting, and that significant thicknesses of very clean excess ice (up to many tens of meters, the depth of some scalloped depressions) are locally present in the Martian mid-latitudes. Climate conditions leading to melting at significant depth are not required.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2015.07.033","usgsCitation":"Dundas, C.M., Byrne, S., and McEwen, A.S., 2015, Modeling the development of martian sublimation thermokarst landforms: Icarus, v. 262, p. 154-169, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2015.07.033.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"154","endPage":"169","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059092","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310327,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"262","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5629faa6e4b011227bf1fd1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dundas, Colin M. 0000-0003-2343-7224 cdundas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-7224","contributorId":2937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dundas","given":"Colin","email":"cdundas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byrne, Shane","contributorId":53513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byrne","given":"Shane","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McEwen, Alfred S.","contributorId":61657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McEwen","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70159972,"text":"70159972 - 2015 - Woodland salamander responses to a shelterwood harvest-prescribed burn silvicultural treatment within Appalachian mixed-oak forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-07T11:34:11","indexId":"70159972","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Woodland salamander responses to a shelterwood harvest-prescribed burn silvicultural treatment within Appalachian mixed-oak forests","docAbstract":"Forest management practices that mimic natural canopy disturbances, including prescribed fire and timber harvests, may reduce competition and facilitate establishment of favorable vegetative species within various ecosystems. Fire suppression in the central Appalachian region for almost a century has contributed to a transition from oak-dominated to more mesophytic, fire-intolerant forest communities. Prescribed fire coupled with timber removal is currently implemented to aid in oak regeneration and establishment but responses of woodland salamanders to this complex silvicultural system is poorly documented. The purpose of our research was to determine how woodland salamanders respond to shelterwood harvests following successive burns in a central Appalachian mixed-oak forest. Woodland salamanders were surveyed using coverboard arrays in May, July, and August–September 2011 and 2012. Surveys were conducted within fenced shelterwood-burn (prescribed fires, shelterwood harvest, and fencing to prevent white-tailed deer [Odocoileus virginianus] herbivory), shelterwood-burn (prescribed fires and shelterwood harvest), and control plots. Relative abundance was modeled in relation to habitat variables measured within treatments for mountain dusky salamanders (Desmognathus ochrophaeus), slimy salamanders (Plethodon glutinosus), and eastern red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus). Mountain dusky salamander relative abundance was positively associated with canopy cover and there were significantly more individuals within controls than either shelterwood-burn or fenced shelterwood-burn treatments. Conversely, habitat variables associated with slimy salamanders and eastern red-backed salamanders did not differ among treatments. Salamander age-class structure within controls did not differ from shelterwood-burn or fenced shelterwood-burn treatments for any species. Overall, the woodland salamander assemblage remained relatively intact throughout the shelterwoodburn silvicultural treatment compared to previous research within the same study area that examined pre-harvest fire effects. However, because of the multi-faceted complexities of this specific silvicultural system, continued research is warranted that evaluates long-term, additive impacts on woodland salamanders within managed central Appalachian deciduous forests.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2015.09.042","usgsCitation":"Ford, W.M., Mahoney, K.R., Russell, K.R., Rodrigue, J.L., Riddle, J.D., Schuler, T.M., and Adams, M.B., 2015, Woodland salamander responses to a shelterwood harvest-prescribed burn silvicultural treatment within Appalachian mixed-oak forests: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 359, p. 277-285, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2015.09.042.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"285","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064028","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2015.09.042","text":"External Repository"},{"id":311940,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Fernow Experimental Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.66529846191406,\n 39.08850195155844\n ],\n [\n -79.67679977416992,\n 39.07331107941456\n ],\n [\n -79.64693069458006,\n 39.06038293728521\n ],\n [\n -79.63800430297852,\n 39.07704247384315\n ],\n [\n -79.64967727661133,\n 39.079974145329246\n ],\n [\n -79.65087890624999,\n 39.08557063444842\n ],\n [\n -79.66323852539062,\n 39.08836871251442\n ],\n [\n -79.66529846191406,\n 39.08850195155844\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"359","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5662c75be4b06a3ea36c67cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ford, W. Mark wford@usgs.gov","contributorId":3858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W.","email":"wford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":581333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahoney, Kathleen R.","contributorId":150350,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mahoney","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Russell, Kevin R.","contributorId":150351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Russell","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rodrigue, Jane L.","contributorId":150352,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodrigue","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Riddle, Jason D.","contributorId":146462,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riddle","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schuler, Thomas M.","contributorId":150353,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schuler","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Adams, Mary Beth","contributorId":150354,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Beth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70157499,"text":"ds965 - 2015 - Topographic and hydrographic survey data for the São Francisco River near Torrinha, Bahia, Brazil, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T08:25:52","indexId":"ds965","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-21T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"965","title":"Topographic and hydrographic survey data for the São Francisco River near Torrinha, Bahia, Brazil, 2014","docAbstract":"Navigable inland waterways, including lakes, rivers, and reservoirs, are important transportation routes for people and goods in Brazil. Natural and anthropogenic effects coupled with recent severe droughts have led to decreased inland waterway navigation. The Company for Development of the São Francisco and Parnaíba River Valleys (CODEVASF) has recognized the decrease in waterway navigation and is investing resources to help restore selected reaches of the São Francisco River for navigation. In 2011, CODEVASF signed an agreement with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) seeking technical assistance and engineering expertise in waterway navigation and bank stabilization. The Torrinha-Itacoatiara study reach near Torrinha, Bahia was 1 of 12 conceptual waterway navigation improvement feasibility studies and was the focus of this study. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the USACE and CODEVASF, collected topographic and hydrographic data from May 22 to June 12, 2014, to provide baseline data for supporting computational streamflow models.
\nThis report presents the surveying techniques and data-processing methods used to collect, process, and disseminate topographic and hydrographic data. All standard and non‑standard data-collection methods, techniques, and data process methods were documented. Additional discussion describes the quality-assurance and quality-control elements used in this study, along with the limitations for the Torrinha-Itacoatiara study reach data. The topographic and hydrographic geospatial data are published along with associated metadata.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds965","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Company for Development of the São Francisco and Parnaiba River Valleys","usgsCitation":"Fosness, R.L., and Dietsch, B.J., 2015, Topographic and hydrographic survey data for the São Francisco River near Torrinha, Bahia, Brazil, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 965, 28 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds965.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 28 p.; GIS Datasets","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2014-05-22","temporalEnd":"2014-06-12","ipdsId":"IP-063788","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310182,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0965/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":310183,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0965/ds0965.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 965 PDF"},{"id":310308,"rank":3,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0965/ds0965_table3.html","text":"GIS Datasets","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"GIS Datasets","linkHelpText":"Metadata, preview illustrations, and compressed geospatial data sets for the Torrinha-Itacoatiara feasibility study, São Francisco River near Torrinha, Bahia, Brazil, 2014."}],"country":"Brazil","state":"Bahia","city":"Torrinha","otherGeospatial":"São Francisco River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -43.385009765625,\n -11.549998444541838\n ],\n [\n -43.385009765625,\n -10.992423823549997\n ],\n [\n -42.9290771484375,\n -10.992423823549997\n ],\n [\n -42.9290771484375,\n -11.549998444541838\n ],\n [\n -43.385009765625,\n -11.549998444541838\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Idaho Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
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The Yakima River Basin in south-central Washington has a long history of irrigated agriculture and a more recent history of large-scale livestock operations, both of which may contribute nutrients to the groundwater system. Nitrate concentrations in water samples from shallow groundwater wells in the lower Yakima River Basin exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water standard, generating concerns that current applications of fertilizer and animal waste may be exceeding the rate at which plants can uptake nutrients, and thus contributing to groundwater contamination.
\nThe U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) recently completed a regional scale transient three-dimensional groundwater-flow model of the Yakima River Basin using MODFLOW-2000. The model was used with the USGS particle-tracking code MODPATH to generate advective flowpaths and associated travel times. Analyses used particle backtracking in time from September 2001 through 504 monthly stress periods to October 1959 or until pathlines terminated at a model boundary. The particle starting locations were assigned to 1,000 foot square computational model cells containing one or more of the 121 sampling locations with measured nitrate concentrations greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water standard for nitrate (10 milligrams per liter [mg/L]). Of the 2,403 particles, the simulated pathlines for 2,080 reached the water table within the 42-year simulation period, thus identifying the predicted recharge areas for those particles. The median horizontal straight-line distance was 13,194 feet between starting and ending locations for these particles and the median time-of-travel for particles that intersected the water table was 984 days. Well to water-table travel times for 75.4 percent of the particles were less than the average travel time of 3,749 days. Predicted recharge locations for all particles, including those that did not reach the water table in 42 years, were between 50 feet and 34 miles horizontal distance from their starting locations, with a median distance of less than 3 miles away.
\nGeneralized groundwater-flow directions in unconsolidated basin-fill deposits were towards the Yakima River, which acts as a local sink for shallow groundwater, and roughly parallel to topographic gradients. Particles backtracked from more shallow aquifer locations traveled shorter distances before reaching the water table than particles from deeper locations. Flowpaths for particles starting at wells completed in the basalt units underlying the basin-fill deposits sometimes were different than for wells with similar lateral locations but more shallow depths. In cases where backtracking particles reached geologic structures simulated as flow barriers, abrupt changes in direction in some particle pathlines suggest significant changes in simulated hydraulic gradients that may not accurately reflect actual conditions. Most groundwater wells sampled had associated zones of contribution within the Toppenish/Benton subbasin between the well and the nearest subbasin margin, but interpretation of these results for any specific well is likely to be complicated by the assumptions and simplifications inherent in the model construction process. Delineated zones of contribution for individual wells are sensitive to the depths assigned to the screened interval of the well, resulting in simulated areal extents of the zones of contribution to a discharging well that are elongated in the direction of groundwater flow.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155149","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Bachmann, M.P., 2015, Particle tracking for selected groundwater wells in the lower Yakima River Basin, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5149, 33 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155149.","productDescription":"v, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066526","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310287,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5149/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":310288,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5149/sir20155149.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.5MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5149 Report PDF"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Yakima River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.95947265624999,\n 45.935870621190546\n ],\n [\n -120.95947265624999,\n 46.58529390583601\n ],\n [\n -119.53125,\n 46.58529390583601\n ],\n [\n -119.53125,\n 45.935870621190546\n ],\n [\n -120.95947265624999,\n 45.935870621190546\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Washington Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
934 Broadway, Suite 300
Tacoma, Washington 98402
http://wa.water.usgs.gov
In January 2015, the U.S. Geological Survey National Geospatial Technical Operations Center began producing the 1-Meter Digital Elevation Model data product. This new product was developed to provide high resolution bare-earth digital elevation models from light detection and ranging (lidar) elevation data and other elevation data collected over the conterminous United States (lower 48 States), Hawaii, and potentially Alaska and the U.S. territories. The 1-Meter Digital Elevation Model consists of hydroflattened, topographic bare-earth raster digital elevation models, with a 1-meter x 1-meter cell size, and is available in 10,000-meter x 10,000-meter square blocks with a 6-meter overlap. This report details the specifications required for the production of the 1-Meter Digital Elevation Model.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section B: U.S. Geological Survey Standards in Book 11: Collection and Delineation of Spatial Data","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm11B7","usgsCitation":"Arundel, S.T., Archuleta, C.M., Phillips, L.A., Roche, B.L., and Constance, E.W., 2015, 1-meter digital elevation model specification: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 11, chap. B7, 25 p. with appendixes, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/tm11B7.","productDescription":"vi, 25 p.","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066922","costCenters":[{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310105,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/11/b07/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":310106,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/11/b07/tm11-b7.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.35 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"T&M 11–B7"}],"publicComments":"This report is Chapter 7 of Section B: U.S. Geological Survey Standards in Book 11: Collection and Delineation of Spatial Data","contact":"Director, National Geospatial Technical Operations Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1400 Independence Road
Rolla, MO 65401–2602
http://ngtoc.usgs.gov/
","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"publishedDate":"2015-10-21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5628a91ce4b0d158f5926bf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arundel, Samantha T. sarundel@usgs.gov","contributorId":4920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arundel","given":"Samantha","email":"sarundel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Archuleta, Christy-Ann M. 0000-0002-4522-8573 carchule@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4522-8573","contributorId":2128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archuleta","given":"Christy-Ann","email":"carchule@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Phillips, Lori A. 0000-0002-9299-5134 lphillips@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9299-5134","contributorId":5185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Lori","email":"lphillips@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roche, Brittany L. broche@usgs.gov","contributorId":148003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roche","given":"Brittany L.","email":"broche@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Constance, Eric W. 0000-0001-9687-7066 econstance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9687-7066","contributorId":2056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constance","given":"Eric","email":"econstance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70168439,"text":"70168439 - 2015 - Projected future vegetation changes for the northwest United States and southwest Canada at a fine spatial resolution using a dynamic global vegetation model.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-17T08:47:53","indexId":"70168439","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Projected future vegetation changes for the northwest United States and southwest Canada at a fine spatial resolution using a dynamic global vegetation model.","docAbstract":"
Future climate change may significantly alter the distributions of many plant taxa. The effects of climate change may be particularly large in mountainous regions where climate can vary significantly with elevation. Understanding potential future vegetation changes in these regions requires methods that can resolve vegetation responses to climate change at fine spatial resolutions. We used LPJ, a dynamic global vegetation model, to assess potential future vegetation changes for a large topographically complex area of the northwest United States and southwest Canada (38.0–58.0°N latitude by 136.6–103.0°W longitude). LPJ is a process-based vegetation model that mechanistically simulates the effect of changing climate and atmospheric CO2 concentrations on vegetation. It was developed and has been mostly applied at spatial resolutions of 10-minutes or coarser. In this study, we used LPJ at a 30-second (~1-km) spatial resolution to simulate potential vegetation changes for 2070–2099. LPJ was run using downscaled future climate simulations from five coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (CCSM3, CGCM3.1(T47), GISS-ER, MIROC3.2(medres), UKMO-HadCM3) produced using the A2 greenhouse gases emissions scenario. Under projected future climate and atmospheric CO2 concentrations, the simulated vegetation changes result in the contraction of alpine, shrub-steppe, and xeric shrub vegetation across the study area and the expansion of woodland and forest vegetation. Large areas of maritime cool forest and cold forest are simulated to persist under projected future conditions. The fine spatial-scale vegetation simulations resolve patterns of vegetation change that are not visible at coarser resolutions and these fine-scale patterns are particularly important for understanding potential future vegetation changes in topographically complex areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0138759","usgsCitation":"Shafer, S., Bartlein, P.J., Gray, E.M., and Pelltier, R.T., 2015, Projected future vegetation changes for the northwest United States and southwest Canada at a fine spatial resolution using a dynamic global vegetation model.: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 10, e0138759, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138759.","productDescription":"e0138759, 21 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051960","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471711,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138759","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F73X84PH","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"LPJ biomes (30-year mean) simulated using monthly historical (1901-2000) CRU TS 2.1 climate data and projected future (2001-2099) CMIP3 A2 and A1B simulated climate data on a 30-second grid of the northwest United States and southwest Canada, version 1.0"},{"id":438676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7CF9N51","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Bioclimatic variables calculated from statistically-downscaled historical (1901-2000) CRU TS 2.1 climate data and projected future (2001-2099) CMIP3 A2 and A1B simulated climate data on a 30-second grid of the northwest United States and southwest Canada, version 1.0"},{"id":438675,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7H70CWW","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Statistically-downscaled monthly historical (1901-2000) CRU TS 2.1 and projected future (2001-2099) CMIP3 A2 and A1B simulated temperature, precipitation, and sunshine data on a 30-second grid of the northwest United States and southwest Canada, version 1.0"},{"id":318024,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -136.6,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -136.6,\n 58\n ],\n [\n -103,\n 58\n ],\n [\n -103,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -136.6,\n 38\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c304cce4b0946c652087b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shafer, Sarah 0000-0003-3739-2637 sshafer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3739-2637","contributorId":149866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafer","given":"Sarah","email":"sshafer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bartlein, Patrick J.","contributorId":106879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartlein","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gray, Elizabeth M.","contributorId":166817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gray","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24533,"text":"The Nature Conservancy of Maryland/DC, Bethesda, Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pelltier, Richard T. 0000-0001-8322-7961 rtpelltier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8322-7961","contributorId":4683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pelltier","given":"Richard","email":"rtpelltier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70159278,"text":"70159278 - 2015 - Monitoring, field experiments, and geochemical modeling of Fe(II) oxidation kinetics in a stream dominated by net-alkaline coal-mine drainage, Pennsylvania, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T18:38:59","indexId":"70159278","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-20T15:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring, field experiments, and geochemical modeling of Fe(II) oxidation kinetics in a stream dominated by net-alkaline coal-mine drainage, Pennsylvania, USA","docAbstract":"Watershed-scale monitoring, field aeration experiments, and geochemical equilibrium and kinetic modeling were conducted to evaluate interdependent changes in pH, dissolved CO2, O2, and Fe(II) concentrations that typically take place downstream of net-alkaline, circumneutral coal-mine drainage (CMD) outfalls and during aerobic treatment of such CMD. The kinetic modeling approach, using PHREEQC, accurately simulates observed variations in pH, Fe(II) oxidation, alkalinity consumption, and associated dissolved gas concentrations during transport downstream of the CMD outfalls (natural attenuation) and during 6-h batch aeration tests on the CMD using bubble diffusers (enhanced attenuation). The batch aeration experiments demonstrated that aeration promoted CO2 outgassing, thereby increasing pH and the rate of Fe(II) oxidation. The rate of Fe(II) oxidation was accurately estimated by the abiotic homogeneous oxidation rate law −d[Fe(II)]/dt = k1·[O2]·[H+]−2·[Fe(II)] that indicates an increase in pH by 1 unit at pH 5–8 and at constant dissolved O2 (DO) concentration results in a 100-fold increase in the rate of Fe(II) oxidation. Adjusting for sample temperature, a narrow range of values for the apparent homogeneous Fe(II) oxidation rate constant (k1′) of 0.5–1.7 times the reference value of k1 = 3 × 10−12 mol/L/min (for pH 5–8 and 20 °C), reported by Stumm and Morgan (1996), was indicated by the calibrated models for the 5-km stream reach below the CMD outfalls and the aerated CMD. The rates of CO2 outgassing and O2ingassing in the model were estimated with first-order asymptotic functions, whereby the driving force is the gradient of the dissolved gas concentration relative to equilibrium with the ambient atmosphere. Although the progressive increase in DO concentration to saturation could be accurately modeled as a kinetic function for the conditions evaluated, the simulation of DO as an instantaneous equilibrium process did not affect the model results for Fe(II) or pH. In contrast, the model results for pH and Fe(II) were sensitive to the CO2 mass transfer rate constant (kL,CO2a). The value of kL,CO2a estimated for the stream (0.010 min−1) was within the range for the batch aeration experiments (0–0.033 min−1). These results indicate that the abiotic homogeneous Fe(II) oxidation rate law, with adjustments for variations in temperature and CO2 outgassing rate, may be applied to predict changes in aqueous iron and pH for net-alkaline, ferruginous waters within a stream (natural conditions) or a CMD treatment system (engineered conditions).
","language":"English","publisher":"Pergamon","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.02.009","usgsCitation":"Cravotta, C.A., 2015, Monitoring, field experiments, and geochemical modeling of Fe(II) oxidation kinetics in a stream dominated by net-alkaline coal-mine drainage, Pennsylvania, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 62, p. 96-107, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.02.009.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"96","endPage":"107","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056783","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310196,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Schuylkill River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.05422973632812,\n 40.84446321237158\n ],\n [\n -76.11465454101562,\n 40.84342432639293\n ],\n [\n -76.18125915527344,\n 40.82991732677595\n ],\n [\n -76.27120971679688,\n 40.80809251416925\n ],\n [\n -76.3165283203125,\n 40.78626052122175\n ],\n [\n -76.33987426757812,\n 40.7519385984599\n ],\n [\n -76.35017395019531,\n 40.71343536379427\n ],\n [\n -76.35223388671875,\n 40.66918118282895\n ],\n [\n -76.33026123046874,\n 40.617079816381285\n ],\n [\n -76.30691528320311,\n 40.594663726004995\n ],\n [\n -76.27052307128906,\n 40.57849862511043\n ],\n [\n -76.21147155761719,\n 40.560764667193595\n ],\n [\n -76.14761352539062,\n 40.565981025008355\n ],\n [\n -76.09130859375,\n 40.58162765924269\n ],\n [\n -76.04667663574219,\n 40.613952441166596\n ],\n [\n -75.97457885742188,\n 40.66657708045136\n ],\n [\n -75.95878601074219,\n 40.71499673906409\n ],\n [\n -75.95466613769531,\n 40.75453936473234\n ],\n [\n -75.94917297363281,\n 40.809391811146064\n ],\n [\n -75.96256256103516,\n 40.824201998489876\n ],\n [\n -75.97766876220703,\n 40.83745041598948\n ],\n [\n -76.01303100585938,\n 40.844982649254064\n ],\n [\n -76.05422973632812,\n 40.84446321237158\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"62","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562757a6e4b0d158f5926501","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cravotta, Charles A. III, 0000-0003-3116-4684 cravotta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3116-4684","contributorId":2193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"Charles","suffix":"III,","email":"cravotta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":577954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70159199,"text":"70159199 - 2015 - Taking a systems approach to ecological systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-11T15:39:13","indexId":"70159199","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-20T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2490,"text":"Journal of Vegetation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Taking a systems approach to ecological systems","docAbstract":"Increasingly, there is interest in a systems-level understanding of ecological problems, which requires the evaluation of more complex, causal hypotheses. In this issue of the Journal of Vegetation Science, Soliveres et al. use structural equation modeling to test a causal network hypothesis about how tree canopies affect understorey communities. Historical analysis suggests structural equation modeling has been under-utilized in ecology.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jvs.12340","usgsCitation":"Grace, J.B., 2015, Taking a systems approach to ecological systems: Journal of Vegetation Science, v. 26, no. 6, p. 1025-1027, https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12340.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1025","endPage":"1027","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067715","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471714,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12340","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310194,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562757a9e4b0d158f5926509","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grace, James B. 0000-0001-6374-4726 gracej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"James","email":"gracej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70158973,"text":"ofr20151199 - 2015 - Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California: 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-20T14:53:22","indexId":"ofr20151199","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-20T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1199","title":"Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California: 2014","docAbstract":"Trace-metal concentrations in sediment and in the clam Macoma petalum (formerly reported as Macoma balthica), clam reproductive activity, and benthic macroinvertebrate community structure were investigated in a mudflat 1 kilometer (km) south of the discharge of the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant (PARWQCP) in South San Francisco Bay, Calif. This report includes the data collected by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists for the period January 2014 to December 2014. These append to long-term datasets extending back to 1974, and serve as the basis for the City of Palo Alto’s Near-Field Receiving Water Monitoring Program, initiated in 1994.
\nFollowing significant reductions in the late 1980s, silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) concentrations in sediment and M. petalum appear to have stabilized. Data for other metals, including chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn), have been collected since 1994. Over this period, concentrations of these elements have remained relatively constant, aside from seasonal variation that is common to all elements. In 2014, concentrations of Ag and Cu in M. petalum varied seasonally in response to a combination of site-specific metal exposures and annual growth and reproduction, as reported previously. Seasonal patterns for other elements, including Cr, Ni, Zn, Hg, and Se, were generally similar in timing and magnitude as those for Ag and Cu. In M. petalum, all observed elements showed annual maxima in January–February and minima in April, except for Zn, which was lowest in December. In sediments, annual maxima also occurred in January–February, and minima were measured in June and September. In 2014, metal concentrations in both sediments and clam tissue were among the lowest on record. This record suggests that regional-scale factors now largely control sedimentary and bioavailable concentrations of Ag and Cu, as well as other elements of regulatory interest, at the Palo Alto site.
\nAnalyses of the benthic community structure of a mudflat in South San Francisco Bay over a 40-year period show that changes in the community have occurred concurrent with reduced concentrations of metals in the sediment and in the tissues of the biosentinel clam, M. petalum, from the same area. Analysis of M. petalum shows increases in reproductive activity concurrent with the decline in metal concentrations in the tissues of this organism. Reproductive activity is presently stable (2014), with almost all animals initiating reproduction in the fall and spawning the following spring. The entire infaunal community has shifted from being dominated by several opportunistic species to a community where the species are more similar in abundance, a pattern that indicates a more stable community that is subjected to fewer stressors. In addition, two of the opportunistic species (Ampelisca abdita and Streblospio benedicti) that brood their young and live on the surface of the sediment in tubes have shown a continual decline in dominance coincident with the decline in metals; both species had short-lived rebounds in abundance in 2008, 2009, and 2010. Heteromastus filiformis (a subsurface polychaete worm that lives in the sediment, consumes sediment and organic particles residing in the sediment, and reproduces by laying its eggs on or in the sediment) showed a concurrent increase in dominance and, in the last several years before 2008, showed a stable population. H. filiformis abundance increased slightly in 2011–2012 and returned to pre-2011 numbers in 2014. An unidentified disturbance occurred on the mudflat in early 2008 that resulted in the loss of the benthic animals, except for deep-dwelling animals like Macoma petalum. However, within two months of this event animals returned to the mudflat. The resilience of the community suggested that the disturbance was not due to a persistent toxin or to anoxia. The reproductive mode of most species present in 2014 is reflective of species that were available either as pelagic larvae or as mobile adults. Although oviparous species were lower in number in this group, the authors hypothesize that these species will return slowly as more species move back into the area. The use of functional ecology was highlighted in the 2014 benthic community data, which showed that the animals that have now returned to the mudflat are those that can respond successfully to a physical, nontoxic disturbance. Today, community data show a mix of species that consume the sediment, or filter feed, have pelagic larvae that must survive landing on the sediment, and those that brood their young. USGS scientists view the 2008 disturbance event as a response by the infaunal community to an episodic natural stressor (possibly sediment accretion or a pulse of freshwater), in contrast to the long-term recovery from metal contamination. We will compare this recovery to the long-term recovery observed after the 1970’s when the decline in sediment pollutants was the dominating factor.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151199","usgsCitation":"Cain, D.J., Thompson, J.K., Crauder, J., Parcheso, F., Stewart, A.R., Kleckner, A.E., Dyke, J., Hornberger, M.I., and Luoma, S.N., 2015, Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California: 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1199, viii, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151199.","productDescription":"viii, 79 p.","numberOfPages":"89","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2014-01-01","temporalEnd":"2014-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-068498","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310004,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1199/ofr20151199.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1199"},{"id":310003,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1199/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.11578369140626,\n 37.43493087364719\n ],\n [\n -122.11578369140626,\n 37.46123344639866\n ],\n [\n -122.09020614624023,\n 37.46123344639866\n ],\n [\n -122.09020614624023,\n 37.43493087364719\n ],\n [\n -122.11578369140626,\n 37.43493087364719\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"NRP staff
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Earth materials and structures in the El Casco quadrangle provide considerable information about the late Cenozoic geologic evolution of southern California’s Inland Empire region (fig. 2). Important structural and stratigraphic elements include (1) modern traces of the right-lateral San Jacinto Fault zone, (2) older traces of the San Jacinto Fault zone, and (3) sedimentary materials and geologic structures that formed during the last eight million years or so and that record interactions within the San Andreas Fault system. These materials, and the structures that deform them, provide a geologic context 3 for investigations of groundwater recharge and subsurface flow (Waring, 1919; Burnham and Dutcher, 1960; Bloyd, 1971; Rewis and others, 2006).
\nThis geologic database of the El Casco 7.5′ quadrangle was prepared by the Basins and Landscape Co-Evolution Project (BALANCE), a regional geologic-mapping project sponsored jointly by the U.S. Geological Survey and the California Geological Survey. The database was developed as a contribution to the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program’s National Geologic Map Database, and provides a general geologic setting of the El Casco quadrangle. The database and map provide information about earth materials and geologic structures, including faults and folds that have developed in the quadrangle due to complexities in the San Andreas Fault system.
\nGeologic information contained in the El Casco database is general-purpose data applicable to land-related investigations in the earth and biological sciences. The term “general-purpose” means that all geologic-feature classes have minimal information content adequate to characterize their general geologic characteristics and to interpret their general geologic history. However, no single feature class has enough information to definitively characterize its properties and origin. For this reason the database cannot be used for site-specific geologic evaluations, although it can be used to plan and guide investigations at the site-specific level.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101274","usgsCitation":"Matti, J.C., Morton, D.M., and Langenheim, V., 2015, Geologic and geophysical maps of the El Casco 7.5′ quadrangle, Riverside County, southern California, with accompanying geologic-map database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1274, Report: vi, 141; 3 Sheets: 46.77 x 36.00 inches or smaller; Dataset; Metadata; Read Me, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101274.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 141; 3 Sheets: 46.77 x 36.00 inches or smaller; Dataset; Metadata; Read Me","numberOfPages":"147","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-021187","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308467,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1274/ofr20101274_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2010-1274 Pamphlet"},{"id":308466,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1274/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":308468,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1274/ofr20101274_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2010-1274 Sheet 1","linkHelpText":"Plot file of the geologic map of the El Casco 7.5' quadrangle"},{"id":308472,"rank":7,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1274/ofr20101274_metadata.txt","text":"Metadata","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2010-1274 Metadata"},{"id":308471,"rank":6,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1274/ofr20101274_readme.txt","text":"Read Me","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2010-1274 Read Me"},{"id":399006,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_103546.htm"},{"id":308470,"rank":5,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1274/ofr20101274_sheet3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2010-1274 Sheet 3","linkHelpText":"Plot file of the gravity map"},{"id":308469,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1274/ofr20101274_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2010-1274 Sheet 2","linkHelpText":"Plot file of observation data for the El Casco 7.5' quadrangle"},{"id":308473,"rank":8,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1274/ofr20101274_data.zip","text":"Data","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2010-1274 Data"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Riverside County","otherGeospatial":"El Casco 7.5' quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.125,\n 33.875\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 33.875\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -117.125,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -117.125,\n 33.875\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"GMEG staff, Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center—Tucson
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Water quality data collected in 2012 for 10 above- and 14 below-drainage coal mine discharges (CMDs), classified by mining or excavation method, in the anthracite region of Pennsylvania, USA, are compared with data for 1975, 1991, and 1999 to evaluate long-term (37 year) changes in pH, SO42−, and Fe concentrations related to geochemistry, hydrology, and natural attenuation processes. We hypothesized that CMD quality will improve over time because of diminishing quantities of unweathered pyrite, decreased access of O2 to the subsurface after mine closure, decreased rates of acid production, and relatively constant influx of alkalinity from groundwater. Discharges from shafts, slopes, and boreholes, which are vertical or steeply sloping excavations, are classified as below-drainage; these receive groundwater inputs with low dissolved O2, resulting in limited pyrite oxidation, dilution, and gradual improvement of CMD water quality. In contrast, discharges from drifts and tunnels, which are nearly horizontal excavations into hillsides, are classified as above-drainage; these would exhibit less improvement in water quality over time because the rock surfaces continue to be exposed to air, which facilitates sustained pyrite oxidation, acid production, and alkalinity consumption. Nonparametric Wilcoxon matched-pair signed rank tests between 1975 and 2012 samples indicate decreases in Fe and SO42− concentrations were highly significant (p < 0.05) and increases in pH were marginally significant (p < 0.1) for below-drainage discharges. For above-drainage discharges, changes in Fe and SO42−concentrations were not significant, and increases in pH were highly significant between 1975 and 2012. Although a greater proportion of above-drainage discharges were net acidic in 2012 compared to below-drainage discharges, the increase in pH between 1975 and 2012 was greater for above- (median pH increase from 4.4 to 6.0) compared to below- (median pH increase from 5.6 to 6.1) drainage discharges. For cases where O2 is limited, transformation of aqueous FeII species to FeIII may be kinetically limited. In contrast, where O2 is abundant, aqueous Fe concentrations may be limited by FeIIImineral precipitation; thus, trends in Fe may not follow those for SO42−. In either case, when the supply of alkalinity is sufficient to buffer decreased acidity, the pH could increase by a step trend from strongly acidic (3–3.5) to near neutral (6–6.5) values. Modeled equilibrium with respect to FeIII precipitates varies with pH and Fe and SO42−reconcentrations: increasing pH promotes the formation of ferrihydrite, while decreasing concentrations of Fe limit the formation of ferrihydrite, and decreasing Fe and SO42−concentrations limit the precipitation of schwertmannite and favor formation of FeIIIhydroxyl complexes and uncomplexed Fe2+ and Fe3+. The analysis of the long-term geochemical changes in CMDs in the anthracite field and the effect of the hydrologic setting on water quality presented in this paper can help prioritize CMD remediation and facilitate selection and design of the most appropriate treatment systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.02.010","usgsCitation":"Burrows, J.E., Peters, S.C., and Cravotta, C.A., 2015, Temporal geochemical variations in above- and below-drainage coal mine discharge: Applied Geochemistry, v. 62, p. 84-95, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.02.010.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"84","endPage":"95","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-056784","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310197,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.04437255859375,\n 40.36328834091583\n ],\n [\n -77.04437255859375,\n 41.605174521299304\n ],\n [\n -75.4595947265625,\n 41.605174521299304\n ],\n [\n -75.4595947265625,\n 40.36328834091583\n ],\n [\n -77.04437255859375,\n 40.36328834091583\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"62","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562757aae4b0d158f592650b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burrows, Jill E.","contributorId":149323,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burrows","given":"Jill","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":16160,"text":"Lehigh University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peters, Stephen C.","contributorId":149324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peters","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":16160,"text":"Lehigh University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cravotta, Charles A. III, 0000-0003-3116-4684 cravotta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3116-4684","contributorId":2193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"Charles","suffix":"III,","email":"cravotta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":577960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}