Two gridded data sets that included (1) daily mean temperatures from 2006 through 2011 and (2) satellite-derived impervious surface area, were combined for a spatial analysis of the urban heat-island effect within the Dallas-Ft. Worth Texas region. The primary advantage of using these combined datasets included the capability to designate each 1 × 1 km grid cell of available temperature data as urban or rural based on the level of impervious surface area within the grid cell. Generally, the observed differences in urban and rural temperature increased as the impervious surface area thresholds used to define an urban grid cell were increased. This result, however, was also dependent on the size of the sample area included in the analysis. As the spatial extent of the sample area increased and included a greater number of rural defined grid cells, the observed urban and rural differences in temperature also increased. A cursory comparison of the spatially gridded temperature observations with observations from climate stations suggest that the number and location of stations included in an urban heat island analysis requires consideration to assure representative samples of each (urban and rural) environment are included in the analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2014.04.005","usgsCitation":"Gallo, K., and Xian, G.Z., 2014, Application of spatially gridded temperature and land cover data sets for urban heat island analysis: Urban Climate, v. 8, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2014.04.005.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","ipdsId":"IP-053639","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341957,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Dallas, Ft. Worth","volume":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592fd63fe4b0e9bd0ea89704","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gallo, Kevin 0000-0001-9162-5011 kgallo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9162-5011","contributorId":192334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallo","given":"Kevin","email":"kgallo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":696260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xian, George Z. 0000-0001-5674-2204 xian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5674-2204","contributorId":2263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xian","given":"George","email":"xian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70108191,"text":"ds853 - 2014 - Land-margin ecosystem hydrologic data for the coastal Everglades, Florida, water years 1996-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-30T15:53:00","indexId":"ds853","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-30T15:46:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"853","title":"Land-margin ecosystem hydrologic data for the coastal Everglades, Florida, water years 1996-2012","docAbstract":"Mangrove forests and salt marshes dominate the landscape of the coastal Everglades (Odum and McIvor, 1990). However, the ecological effects from potential sea-level rise and increased water flows from planned freshwater Everglades restoration on these coastal systems are poorly understood. The National Park Service (NPS) proposed the South Florida Global Climate Change Project (SOFL-GCC) in 1990 to evaluate climate change and the effect from rising sea levels on the coastal Everglades, particularly at the marsh/mangrove interface or ecotone (Soukup and others, 1990). A primary objective of SOFL-GCC project was to monitor and synthesize the hydrodynamics of the coastal Everglades from the upstream freshwater marsh to the downstream estuary mangrove. Two related hypotheses were set forward (Nuttle and Cosby, 1993):
\n1. There exists hydrologic conditions (tide, local rainfall, and upstream water deliveries), which characterize the location of the marsh/mangrove ecotone along the marine and terrestrial hydrologic gradient; and
\n2. The marsh/mangrove ecotone is sensitive to fluctuations in sea level and freshwater inflow from inland areas.
Hydrologic monitoring of the SOFL-GCC network began in 1995 after startup delays from Hurricane Andrew (August 1992) and organizational transfers from the NPS to the National Biological Survey (October 1993) and the merger with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Biological Research Division in 1996 (Smith, 2004). As the SOFL-GCC project progressed, concern by environmental scientists and land managers over how the diversion of water from Everglades National Park would affect the restoration of the greater Everglades ecosystem. Everglades restoration scenarios were based on hydrodynamic models, none of which included the coastal zone (Fennema and others, 1994). Modeling efforts were expanded to include the Everglades coastal zone (Schaffranek and others, 2001) with SOFL-GCC hydrologic data assisting the ecological modeling needs. In 2002, as a response for a more interdisciplinary science approach to understanding the coastal Everglades ecological system, the SOFL-GCC hydrology project was integrated into the “Dynamics of Land-Margin Ecosystems: Historical Change, Hydrology, Vegetation, Sediment, and Climate” study (Smith and others, 2002). Data from the ongoing study has been useful in providing an empirical hydrologic baseline for the greater Everglades ecosystem restoration science and management needs.
\nThe hydrology network consisted of 13 hydrologic gaging stations installed in the southwestern coastal region of Everglades National Park along three transects: Shark River (Shark or SH) transect, Lostmans River (Lostmans or LO) transect, and Chatham River (Chatham or CH) transect (fig. 1). There were five paired surface-water/groundwater gaging stations on the Shark transect (SH1, SH2, SH3, SH4, and SH5) and one stage gaging station (BSC) in the Big Sable Creek; four paired surface-water/groundwater gaging stations on the Lostmans transect (LO1, LO2, LO3, and LO4); and three paired surface-water/groundwater gaging stations on the Chatham transect (CH1, CH2, and CH3). Both surface-water and groundwater levels, salinities, and temperatures were monitored at the paired gaging stations. Rainfall was recorded at marsh and open canopy gaging stations. This report details the study introduction, method, and description of data collected, which are accessible through the final instantaneous hydrologic dataset stored in the USGS South Florida Information Access (SOFIA) South Florida Hydrology Database website, http://sofia.usgs.gov/exchange/sfl_hydro_data/location.html#brdlandmargin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds853","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science Program. Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and Everglades National Park","usgsCitation":"Anderson, G.H., Smith, T.J., and Balentine, K., 2014, Land-margin ecosystem hydrologic data for the coastal Everglades, Florida, water years 1996-2012: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 853, vi, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds853.","productDescription":"vi, 38 p.","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-046122","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287902,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds853.PNG"},{"id":287899,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/853/"},{"id":287901,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/853/pdf/ds853.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.4938,24.9885 ], [ -81.4938,25.8005 ], [ -80.7636,25.8005 ], [ -80.7636,24.9885 ], [ -81.4938,24.9885 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7758e4b0abf75cf2c108","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Gordon H. 0000-0003-1675-8329 gordon_anderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1675-8329","contributorId":2771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Gordon","email":"gordon_anderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Thomas J. III tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Thomas","suffix":"III","email":"tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Balentine, Karen M.","contributorId":79806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balentine","given":"Karen M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70103045,"text":"ds845 - 2014 - A pier-scour database: 2,427 field and laboratory measurements of pier scour","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-23T09:33:17","indexId":"ds845","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-30T13:02:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"845","title":"A pier-scour database: 2,427 field and laboratory measurements of pier scour","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a literature review to identify potential sources of published pier-scour data, and selected data were compiled into a digital spreadsheet called the 2014 USGS Pier-Scour Database (PSDb-2014) consisting of 569 laboratory and 1,858 field measurements. These data encompass a wide range of laboratory and field conditions and represent field data from 23 States within the United States and from 6 other countries. The digital spreadsheet is available on the Internet and offers a valuable resource to engineers and researchers seeking to understand pier-scour relations in the laboratory and field.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds845","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Benedict, S., and Caldwell, A.W., 2014, A pier-scour database: 2,427 field and laboratory measurements of pier scour: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 845, Report: vi, 22 p.; Table, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds845.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 22 p.; Table","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050919","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287882,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds845.jpg"},{"id":287880,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0845/pdf/ds845.pdf"},{"id":287879,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0845/"},{"id":287881,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0845/table/ds845_psdb-2014_version1.0.xlsx"}],"country":"Canada, China, Russia, United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7617e4b0abf75cf2be83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benedict, Stephen T. benedict@usgs.gov","contributorId":3198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benedict","given":"Stephen T.","email":"benedict@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caldwell, Andral W. 0000-0003-1269-5463 acaldwel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1269-5463","contributorId":3228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Andral","email":"acaldwel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70170508,"text":"70170508 - 2014 - Three-dimensional seismic velocity structure of Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes in Hawaii from local seismic tomography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-13T15:38:49","indexId":"70170508","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-30T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional seismic velocity structure of Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes in Hawaii from local seismic tomography","docAbstract":"We present a new three-dimensional seismic velocity model of the crustal and upper mantle structure for Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes in Hawaii. Our model is derived from the first-arrival times of the compressional and shear waves from about 53,000 events on and near the Island of Hawaii between 1992 and 2009 recorded by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory stations. The Vp model generally agrees with previous studies, showing high-velocity anomalies near the calderas and rift zones and low-velocity anomalies in the fault systems. The most significant difference from previous models is in Vp/Vs structure. The high-Vp and high-Vp/Vs anomalies below Mauna Loa caldera are interpreted as mafic magmatic cumulates. The observed low-Vp and high-Vp/Vs bodies in the Kaoiki seismic zone between 5 and 15 km depth are attributed to the underlying volcaniclastic sediments. The high-Vp and moderate- to low-Vp/Vs anomalies beneath Kilauea caldera can be explained by a combination of different mafic compositions, likely to be olivine-rich gabbro and dunite. The systematically low-Vp and low-Vp/Vs bodies in the southeast flank of Kilauea may be caused by the presence of volatiles. Another difference between this study and previous ones is the improved Vp model resolution in deeper layers, owing to the inclusion of events with large epicentral distances. The new velocity model is used to relocate the seismicity of Mauna Loa and Kilauea for improved absolute locations and ultimately to develop a high-precision earthquake catalog using waveform cross-correlation data.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2013JB010820","usgsCitation":"Lin, G., Shearer, P., Matoza, R.S., Okubo, P.G., and Amelung, F., 2014, Three-dimensional seismic velocity structure of Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes in Hawaii from local seismic tomography: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 119, no. 5, p. 4377-4392, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JB010820.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"4377","endPage":"4392","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055205","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/02000169","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":320500,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","county":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-155.8799,20.2589],[-155.8389,20.2672],[-155.7974,20.2483],[-155.7717,20.2467],[-155.7307,20.217],[-155.7276,20.2014],[-155.6597,20.1689],[-155.5966,20.1224],[-155.5519,20.1275],[-155.4406,20.0928],[-155.2746,20.0165],[-155.2142,19.9761],[-155.1417,19.9175],[-155.0839,19.8533],[-155.0923,19.8101],[-155.0842,19.7247],[-155.0378,19.74],[-155.0008,19.735],[-154.9786,19.69],[-154.98,19.6376],[-154.9483,19.6236],[-154.9444,19.6025],[-154.9053,19.5706],[-154.8211,19.5322],[-154.8058,19.5161],[-154.8183,19.4997],[-154.8194,19.4794],[-154.8362,19.46],[-154.8895,19.4144],[-154.9283,19.3947],[-154.9725,19.3489],[-155.0705,19.3112],[-155.1543,19.2657],[-155.2084,19.2564],[-155.2631,19.2709],[-155.2968,19.2616],[-155.3566,19.2069],[-155.4154,19.1838],[-155.4543,19.1464],[-155.5053,19.1312],[-155.5528,19.0803],[-155.5531,19.0467],[-155.5772,19.0208],[-155.6017,18.9683],[-155.6183,18.9692],[-155.6386,18.935],[-155.6771,18.9105],[-155.6886,18.9394],[-155.7159,18.9606],[-155.7587,18.9769],[-155.7975,19.0094],[-155.8508,19.0189],[-155.8817,19.0358],[-155.8844,19.0525],[-155.9067,19.0786],[-155.9186,19.1344],[-155.8994,19.2111],[-155.8864,19.3433],[-155.9106,19.3961],[-155.9061,19.4131],[-155.9292,19.4589],[-155.9194,19.4728],[-155.9503,19.4858],[-155.9774,19.6064],[-155.9944,19.6375],[-156.0308,19.6515],[-156.0269,19.6731],[-156.0601,19.7255],[-156.0503,19.7744],[-156.0394,19.7878],[-155.9739,19.8481],[-155.9242,19.8558],[-155.9017,19.9056],[-155.8872,19.9144],[-155.8895,19.93],[-155.8544,19.9669],[-155.8356,19.9739],[-155.828,19.9894],[-155.8231,20.0228],[-155.8839,20.1058],[-155.9004,20.1635],[-155.8994,20.2281],[-155.8799,20.2589]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Hawaii\",\"state\":\"HI\"}}]}","volume":"119","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571f3fe5e4b071321fe56a87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lin, Guoqing","contributorId":168856,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lin","given":"Guoqing","affiliations":[{"id":5112,"text":"University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shearer, Peter M.","contributorId":78946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shearer","given":"Peter M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Matoza, Robin S.","contributorId":54873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matoza","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Okubo, Paul G. 0000-0002-0381-6051 pokubo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":2730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"Paul","email":"pokubo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":627495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Amelung, Falk","contributorId":124563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amelung","given":"Falk","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5112,"text":"University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70101668,"text":"sir20145071 - 2014 - An analysis of potential water availability from the Charles Mill, Clendening, Piedmont, Pleasant Hill, Senecaville, and Wills Creek Lakes in the Muskingum River Watershed, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-30T10:20:29","indexId":"sir20145071","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-30T10:10:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5071","title":"An analysis of potential water availability from the Charles Mill, Clendening, Piedmont, Pleasant Hill, Senecaville, and Wills Creek Lakes in the Muskingum River Watershed, Ohio","docAbstract":"This report presents the results of a study to assess potential water availability from the Charles Mill, Clendening, Piedmont, Pleasant Hill, Senecaville, and Wills Creek Lakes, located within the Muskingum River Watershed, Ohio. The assessment was based on the criterion that water withdrawals should not appreciably affect maintenance of recreation-season pool levels in current use. To facilitate and simplify the assessment, it was assumed that historical lake operations were successful in maintaining seasonal pool levels, and that any discharges from lakes constituted either water that was discharged to prevent exceeding seasonal pool levels or discharges intended to meet minimum in-stream flow targets downstream from the lakes. It further was assumed that the volume of water discharged in excess of the minimum in-stream flow target is available for use without negatively impacting seasonal pool levels or downstream water uses and that all or part of it is subject to withdrawal.
\nHistorical daily outflow data for the lakes were used to determine the quantity of water that potentially could be withdrawn and the resulting quantity of water that would flow downstream (referred to as “flow-by”) on a daily basis as a function of all combinations of three hypothetical target minimum flow-by amounts (1, 2, and 3 times current minimum in-stream flow targets) and three pumping capacities (1, 2, and 3 million gallons per day). Using both U.S. Geological Survey streamgage data (where available) and lake-outflow data provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers resulted in analytical periods ranging from 51 calendar years for Charles Mill, Clendening, and Piedmont Lakes to 74 calendar years for Pleasant Hill, Senecaville, and Wills Creek Lakes.
\nThe observed outflow time series and the computed time series of daily flow-by amounts and potential withdrawals were analyzed to compute and report order statistics (95th, 75th, 50th, 25th, 10th, and 5th percentiles) and means for the analytical period, in aggregate, and broken down by calendar month. In addition, surplus-water mass curve data were tabulated for each of the lakes.
\nMonthly order statistics of computed withdrawals indicated that, for the three pumping capacities considered, increasing the target minimum flow-by amount tended to reduce the amount of water that can be withdrawn. The reduction was greatest in the lower percentiles of withdrawal; however, increasing the flow-by amount had no impact on potential withdrawals during high flow. In addition, for a given target minimum flow-by amount, increasing the pumping rate typically increased the total amount of water that could be withdrawn; however, that increase was less than a direct multiple of the increase in pumping rate for most flow statistics. Potential monthly withdrawals were observed to be more variable and more limited in some calendar months than others.
\nMonthly order statistics and means of computed daily mean flow-by amounts indicated that flow-by amounts generally tended to be lowest during June–October. Increasing the target minimum flow-by amount for a given pumping rate resulted in some small increases in the magnitudes of the mean and 50th percentile and lower order statistics of computed mean flow-by, but had no effect on the magnitudes of the higher percentile statistics. Increasing the pumping rate for a given target minimum flow-by amount resulted in decreases in magnitudes of higher-percentile flow-by statistics by an amount equal to the flow equivalent of the increase in pumping rate; however, some lower percentile statistics remained unchanged.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145071","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District","usgsCitation":"Koltun, G., 2014, An analysis of potential water availability from the Charles Mill, Clendening, Piedmont, Pleasant Hill, Senecaville, and Wills Creek Lakes in the Muskingum River Watershed, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5071, Report: v, 61 p.; Appendix 1, Table 1-2, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145071.","productDescription":"Report: v, 61 p.; Appendix 1, Table 1-2","numberOfPages":"72","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054063","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287855,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145071.jpg"},{"id":287854,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5071/appendix/sir2014-5071_table-1-2.xlsx"},{"id":287852,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5071/"},{"id":287853,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5071/pdf/sir2014-5071.pdf"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 17","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Charles Mill Lake;Clendening Lake;Muskingum River Watershed;Piedmont Lake;Pleasant Hill Lake;Senecaville Lake;Wills Creek Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.0,39.0 ], [ -83.0,41.4 ], [ -80.5,41.4 ], [ -80.5,39.0 ], [ -83.0,39.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7626e4b0abf75cf2bea8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koltun, G. F. 0000-0003-0255-2960","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0255-2960","contributorId":49817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koltun","given":"G. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70123758,"text":"70123758 - 2014 - Connecting the dots: a collaborative USGS-NPS effort to expand the utility of monitoring data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-09T09:15:51","indexId":"70123758","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-30T09:06:53","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3561,"text":"The George Wright Forum","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Connecting the dots: a collaborative USGS-NPS effort to expand the utility of monitoring data","docAbstract":"The Natural Resource Challenge (National Park Service 1999) was a call to action. It \nconstituted a mandate for monitoring based on the twin premises that (1) natural resources \nin national parks require active management and stewardship if we are to protect them from \ngradual degradation, and (2) we cannot protect what we do not understand. The intent of the \nchallenge was embodied in its original description:
\nWe must expand existing inventory programs and develop efficient ways to monitor the vital signs of natural systems. We must enlist others in the scientific community to help, and also facilitate their inquiry. Managers must have and apply this information to preserve our natural resources.
\nIn this article, we report on ongoing collaborative work between the National Park Service (NPS) and the US Geological Survey (USGS) that seeks to add to our scientific understanding of the ecological processes operating behind vital signs monitoring data. The ultimate goal of this work is to provide insights that can facilitate an understanding of the systems and identify potential opportunities for active stewardship by NPS managers (Bennetts et al. 2007; Mitchell et al. 2014). The bulk of the work thus far has involved Acadia and Rocky Mountain national parks, but there are plans for extending the work to additional parks.
\nOur story stats with work designed to consider ways of assessing the status and condition of natural resources and the potential for historical or ongoing influences of human activities. In the 1990s, the concept of \"biotic integrity\" began to take hold as an aspiration for developing quantitative indices describing how closely the conditions at a site resemble those found at pristine, unimpacted sites. Quantitative methods for developing indices of biotic integrity (IBIs) and elaborations of that idea (e.g., ecological integrity) have received considerable attention and application of these methods to natural resources has become widespread (Karr 1991; Barbour et al. 1999; Stoddard et al. 2008). Despite widespread use, many questions remain about how metrics are combined to form effective indices and about how to interpret both.
\nScientists and natural resource specialists within NPS and USGS have joined forces to critique the current analysis methods, with the collaboration involving the Rocky Mountain and Northeast Temperate NPS Inventory and Monitoring (I & M) networks, along with others, and USGS scientists from the National Wetlands Research Center and Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. Funding that initiated the project was from a joint-partnership fund managed by the USGS Ecosystems Program for National Park Monitoring research and the work was focused at Acadia National Park and Rocky Mountain National Park. Here we present synopses of two major issues addressed by the group.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The George Wright Forum","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The George Wright Society","publisherLocation":"Hancock, MI","usgsCitation":"Grace, J.B., Schoolmaster, D.R., Schweiger, E.W., Mitchell, B.R., Miller, K., and Guntenspergen, G.R., 2014, Connecting the dots: a collaborative USGS-NPS effort to expand the utility of monitoring data: The George Wright Forum, v. 31, no. 2, p. 181-190.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"190","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-056172","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293487,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293470,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.georgewright.org/312grace.pdf"}],"volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5410144ee4b07ab1cd9808e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grace, James B. 0000-0001-6374-4726 gracej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"James","email":"gracej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoolmaster, Donald R. Jr. 0000-0003-0910-4458 schoolmasterd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0910-4458","contributorId":4746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoolmaster","given":"Donald","suffix":"Jr.","email":"schoolmasterd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schweiger, E. William","contributorId":53635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweiger","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mitchell, Brian R.","contributorId":14683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, Kathryn","contributorId":94226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Kathryn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn R. 0000-0002-8593-0244 glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":2885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70110364,"text":"sir20145097 - 2014 - Extending the turbidity record: making additional use of continuous data from turbidity, acoustic-Doppler, and laser diffraction instruments and suspended-sediment samples in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:47:21","indexId":"sir20145097","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-28T16:09:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5097","title":"Extending the turbidity record: making additional use of continuous data from turbidity, acoustic-Doppler, and laser diffraction instruments and suspended-sediment samples in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon","docAbstract":"Turbidity is a measure of the scattering and absorption of light in water, which in rivers is primarily caused by particles, usually sediment, suspended in the water. Turbidity varies significantly with differences in the design of the instrument measuring turbidity, a point that is illustrated in this study by side-by-side comparisons of two different models of instruments. Turbidity also varies with changes in the physical parameters of the particles in the water, such as concentration, grain size, grain shape, and color. A turbidity instrument that is commonly used for continuous monitoring of rivers has a light source in the near-infrared range (860±30 nanometers) and a detector oriented 90 degrees from the incident light path. This type of optical turbidity instrument has a limited measurement range (depending on pathlength) that is unable to capture the high turbidity levels of rivers that carry high suspended-sediment loads. The Colorado River in Grand Canyon is one such river, in which approximately 60 percent of the range in suspended-sediment concentration during the study period had unmeasurable turbidity using this type of optical instrument. Although some optical turbidimeters using backscatter or other techniques can measure higher concentrations of suspended sediment than the models used in this study, the maximum turbidity measurable using these other turbidimeters may still be exceeded in conditions of especially high concentrations of suspended silt and clay. In Grand Canyon, the existing optical turbidity instruments remain in use in part to provide consistency over time as new techniques are investigated. As a result, during these periods of high suspended-sediment concentration, turbidity values that could not be measured with the optical turbidity instruments were instead estimated from concurrent acoustic attenuation data collected using side-looking acoustic-Doppler profiler (ADP) instruments. Extending the turbidity record to the full range of sediment concentrations in the study area using data from the ADP instruments is particularly useful for biological studies. In Grand Canyon, turbidity has been correlated with food availability for aquatic organisms (gross primary production) as well as with fish behavior specific to predator-prey interactions. On the basis of the complete “extended” turbidity record and the relation between suspended-sediment concentration and turbidity, levels were higher before the construction of Glen Canyon Dam by a factor of approximately 2,000 at the Lees Ferry monitoring station (15 miles downstream from the dam) and by a factor of approximately 20 at the monitoring station 87 miles downstream from Lees Ferry (102 miles downstream from the dam). A comparison of turbidity data with data from Laser In-Situ Scattering and Transmissometry (LISST) laser-diffraction instruments, suspended-sediment concentration data, and ADP data shows the influence of the physical properties of suspended sediment. Apparent outliers in relations between turbidity, ADP, and suspended-sediment data during two events within the study period, a 2007 tributary flood from a watershed altered by a recent wildfire and a 2008 experimental controlled-flood release from Glen Canyon Dam, are explained in part by atypical grain sizes, shapes, densities, colors, and (or) clay mineral assemblages of suspended sediment occurring in the Colorado River during these two events. These analyses demonstrate the value of using multiple data-collection strategies for turbidity and sediment-transport studies and of continuous monitoring for capturing the full range and duration of turbidity and sediment-transport conditions, identifying the provenance of the sediment causing turbidity, and detecting physical and chemical processes that may be important for management of critical physical and biological resources.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145097","issn":"2328-0328","usgsCitation":"Voichick, N., and Topping, D.J., 2014, Extending the turbidity record: making additional use of continuous data from turbidity, acoustic-Doppler, and laser diffraction instruments and suspended-sediment samples in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5097, vi, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145097.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-044817","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287713,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145097.jpg"},{"id":287711,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5097/"},{"id":287712,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5097/pdf/sir2014-5097.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River;Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.5,35.5 ], [ -114.5,37.0 ], [ -111.0,37.0 ], [ -111.0,35.5 ], [ -114.5,35.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5386f750e4b0aa26cd7b5372","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Voichick, Nicholas nvoichick@usgs.gov","contributorId":5015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voichick","given":"Nicholas","email":"nvoichick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Topping, David J. 0000-0002-2104-4577 dtopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2104-4577","contributorId":715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"David","email":"dtopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":494045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70103410,"text":"ofr20141090 - 2014 - Electron microprobe analyses of glasses from Kīlauea tephra units, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T08:31:19","indexId":"ofr20141090","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-28T13:29:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1090","title":"Electron microprobe analyses of glasses from Kīlauea tephra units, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"This report presents approximately 2,100 glass analyses from three tephra units of Kīlauea Volcano: the Keanakākoʻi Tephra, the Kulanaokuaiki Tephra, and the Pāhala Ash. It also includes some new analyses obtained as part of a re-evaluation of the MgO contents of glasses in two of the three original datasets; this re-evaluation was conducted to improve the consistency of glass MgO contents among the three datasets. The glass data are a principal focus of Helz and others (in press), which will appear in the AGU Monograph Hawaiian Volcanoes—From Source to Surface. The report is intended to support this publication, in addition to making the data available to the scientific community.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141090","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Helz, R.L., Clague, D.A., Mastin, L.G., and Rose, T.R., 2014, Electron microprobe analyses of glasses from Kīlauea tephra units, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1090, Report: iv, 24 p.; Appendix A: XLS; Appendix B: 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141090.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 24 p.; Appendix A: XLS; Appendix B: 10 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050845","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287683,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141090.jpg"},{"id":287681,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1090/appendixes/of2014-1090_tables.xls"},{"id":287682,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1090/appendixes/of2014-1090_tableB1.pdf"},{"id":287680,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1090/"},{"id":287795,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1090/pdf/of2014-1090.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.303007,19.410477 ], [ -155.303007,19.431523 ], [ -155.270993,19.431523 ], [ -155.270993,19.410477 ], [ -155.303007,19.410477 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5386f750e4b0aa26cd7b536e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helz, Rosalind L. 0000-0003-1550-0684 rhelz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1550-0684","contributorId":1952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"Rosalind","email":"rhelz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clague, David A.","contributorId":77105,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clague","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mastin, Larry G. 0000-0002-4795-1992 lgmastin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-1992","contributorId":555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Larry","email":"lgmastin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rose, Timothy R.","contributorId":31275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70100998,"text":"sir20115053 - 2014 - Proceedings of the U.S. Geological Survey Eighth Biennial Geographic Information Science Workshop and first The National Map Users Conference, Denver, Colorado, May 10-13, 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-15T12:38:59","indexId":"sir20115053","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-27T15:31:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5053","displayTitle":"Proceedings of the U.S. Geological Survey Eighth Biennial Geographic Information Science Workshop and first The National Map Users Conference, Denver, Colorado, May 10-13, 2011","title":"Proceedings of the U.S. Geological Survey Eighth Biennial Geographic Information Science Workshop and first The National Map Users Conference, Denver, Colorado, May 10-13, 2011","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is sponsoring the first The National Map Users Conference in conjunction with the eighth biennial Geographic Information Science (GIS) Workshop on May 10-13, 2011, in Lakewood, Colorado. The GIS Workshop will be held at the USGS National Training Center, located on the Denver Federal Center, Lakewood, Colorado, May 10-11. The National Map Users Conference will be held directly after the GIS Workshop at the Denver Marriott West, a convention hotel in the Lakewood, Colorado area, May 12-13.
\nThe National Map is designed to serve the Nation by providing geographic data and knowledge for government, industry, and public uses. The goal of The National Map Users Conference is to enhance communications and collaboration among the communities of users of and contributors to The National Map, including USGS, Department of the Interior, and other government GIS specialists and scientists, as well as the broader geospatial community. The USGS National Geospatial Program intends the conference to serve as a forum to engage users and more fully discover and meet their needs for the products and services of The National Map.
\nThe goal of the GIS Workshop is to promote advancement of GIS and related technologies and concepts as well as the sharing of GIS knowledge within the USGS GIS community. This collaborative opportunity for multi-disciplinary GIS and associated professionals will allow attendees to present and discuss a wide variety of geospatial-related topics.
\nThe Users Conference and Workshop collaboration will bring together scientists, managers, and data users who, through presentations, posters, seminars, workshops, and informal gatherings, will share accomplishments and progress on a variety of geospatial topics. During this joint event, attendees will have the opportunity to present or demonstrate their work; to develop their knowledge by attending hands-on workshops, seminars, and presentations given by professionals from USGS and other Federal Agencies, GIS related companies, and academia; and to network with other professionals to develop collaborative opportunities.
\nSpecific conference topics include scientific and modeling applications using The National Map, opportunities for partnerships, and advances in geospatial technologies.
\nThe first part of the week will be the GIS Workshop, offered as a pre-conference seminar. It will focus on hands-on GIS training and seminars concerning current topics of geospatial interest. The focus of the USGS GIS Workshop is to showcase specific techniques and concepts for using GIS in support of science. The presentations will be educational and not a marketing endeavor. To promote awareness of and interaction with selected USGS corporate and local science center data products, as well as promoting collaboration, a “GIS Olympics” event will be held Tuesday evening during the GIS Workshop.
\nThe second part of the week will feature interactive briefings and discussions on issues and opportunities of The National Map. The focus of the Users Conference will be on the role of The National Map in supporting science initiatives, emergency response, land and wildlife management, and other activities. All presentations at the Users Conference include use or innovations related to a The National Map data theme or application. On Wednesday evening, a poster session is being held as a combined event for all attendees and as a juncture between the events. On Thursday evening, the Henry Gannett Award will be presented. Additionally, poster awards will be presented.
\nSeveral prominent speakers are featured at plenary sessions at The National Map Users Conference, including Deanna A. Archuleta, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Water and Science, Department of the Interior; Dr. Barbara P. Buttenfield, Professor of Geography at the University of Colorado in Boulder; best-selling author Frederick Reuss; and Dr. Joel Scheraga, Senior Advisor for Climate Adaptation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Additionally, panel discussions have attracted participation from notable experts from government, academia, and the private sector.
\nThis Proceedings volume will serve as an activity reference for workshop attendees, as well as an archive of technical abstracts presented at the workshop. Author, co-author, and presenter names, affiliations, and contact information are listed with presentation titles with the abstracts. Some hands-on sessions are offered twice; in these instances, abstracts submitted for publication are presented in the proceedings on both days on which they are offered.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115053","issn":"2328-0328","usgsCitation":"2014, Proceedings of the U.S. Geological Survey Eighth Biennial Geographic Information Science Workshop and first The National Map Users Conference, Denver, Colorado, May 10-13, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5053, xiii, 91 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115053.","productDescription":"xiii, 91 p.","numberOfPages":"112","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2011-05-10","temporalEnd":"2011-05-13","ipdsId":"IP-028727","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287634,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20115053.jpg"},{"id":287633,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5053/pdf/sir2011-5053.pdf"},{"id":287632,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5053/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5385a5d6e4b09e18fc0239f7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sieverling, Jennifer B. jbsiever@usgs.gov","contributorId":4806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sieverling","given":"Jennifer","email":"jbsiever@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":728631,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dietterle, Jeffrey jdietterle@usgs.gov","contributorId":4150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietterle","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jdietterle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":728632,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70110631,"text":"70110631 - 2014 - Organizing phenological data resources to inform natural resource conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-27T15:04:25","indexId":"70110631","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-27T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organizing phenological data resources to inform natural resource conservation","docAbstract":"Changes in the timing of plant and animal life cycle events, in response to climate change, are already happening across the globe. The impacts of these changes may affect biodiversity via disruption to mutualisms, trophic mismatches, invasions and population declines. To understand the nature, causes and consequences of changed, varied or static phenologies, new data resources and tools are being developed across the globe. The USA National Phenology Network is developing a long-term, multi-taxa phenological database, together with a customizable infrastructure, to support conservation and management needs. We present current and potential applications of the infrastructure, across scales and user groups. The approaches described here are congruent with recent trends towards multi-agency, large-scale research and action.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2013.07.003","usgsCitation":"Rosemartin, A.H., Crimmins, T., Enquist, C., Gerst, K., Kellermann, J.L., Posthumus, E., Denny, E.G., Guertin, P., Marsh, L., and Weltzin, J., 2014, Organizing phenological data resources to inform natural resource conservation: Biological Conservation, v. 173, p. 90-97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2013.07.003.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"90","endPage":"97","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-042364","costCenters":[{"id":433,"text":"National Phenology Network","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2013.07.003","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":287624,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287622,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2013.07.003"}],"volume":"173","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5385a5d4e4b09e18fc0239f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosemartin, Alyssa H.","contributorId":30910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosemartin","given":"Alyssa","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crimmins, Theresa","contributorId":103579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crimmins","given":"Theresa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Enquist, Carolyn A.F.","contributorId":87445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enquist","given":"Carolyn A.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gerst, Katharine L.","contributorId":29739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerst","given":"Katharine L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kellermann, Jherime L.","contributorId":73111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellermann","given":"Jherime","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Posthumus, Erin E.","contributorId":77460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Posthumus","given":"Erin E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Denny, Ellen G.","contributorId":79803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denny","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Guertin, Patricia","contributorId":37428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guertin","given":"Patricia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Marsh, Lee","contributorId":16755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Weltzin, Jake F.","contributorId":51005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weltzin","given":"Jake F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70110624,"text":"70110624 - 2014 - An approach for filtering hyperbolically positioned underwater acoustic telemetry data with position precision estimates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-27T14:55:23","indexId":"70110624","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-27T14:50:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":773,"text":"Animal Biotelemetry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An approach for filtering hyperbolically positioned underwater acoustic telemetry data with position precision estimates","docAbstract":"Background
\nTelemetry systems that estimate animal positions with hyperbolic positioning algorithms also provide a technology-specific estimate of position precision (e.g., horizontal position error (HPE) for the VEMCO positioning system). Position precision estimates (e.g., dilution of precision for a global positioning system (GPS)) have been used extensively to identify and remove positions with unacceptable measurement error in studies of terrestrial and surfacing aquatic animals such as turtles and seals. Few underwater acoustic telemetry studies report using position precision estimates to filter data in accordance with explicit data quality objectives because the relationship between the precision estimate and measurement error is not understood or not evaluated. A four-step filtering approach which incorporates data-filtering principles developed for GPS tracking of terrestrial animals is demonstrated. HPE was evaluated for its effectiveness to remove uncertain fish positions acquired from a new underwater fine-scale passive acoustic monitoring system.
Results
\nFour filtering objectives were identified based on the need for three sequential future analyses and four data quality criteria were developed for evaluating the performance of individual filters (step 1). The unfiltered, baseline position confidence from known-position test tags was considered to determine if filtering was necessary (step 2). An HPE filter cutoff of 8 was selected to meet the four criteria (step 3), and it was determined that one analysis may need to be adjusted for use with this dataset. The data quality objectives, criteria, and filter selection rationale were reported (step 4).
Conclusions
\nThe use of position precision estimates that reflect the confidence in the positioning process should be considered prior to the use of biological filters that rely on a priori expectations of the subject’s movement capacities and tendencies. Position confidence goals should be determined based upon the needs of the research questions and analysis requirements versus arbitrary selection, in which filters of previous studies are adopted. Data filtering with this approach ensures that data quality is sufficient for the selected analyses and presents the opportunity to adjust or identify a different analysis in the event that the requisite precision was not attained. Ignoring these steps puts a practitioner at risk of reporting errant findings.
Quantifying the effectiveness of management actions to mitigate the effects of changing climatic conditions (i.e., climate adaptation) can be difficult, yet critical for conservation. We used population genetic data from 1984 to 2011 to assess the degree to which ambient climatic conditions and targeted suppression of sources of nonnative Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss have influenced the spread of introgressive hybridization in native populations of Westslope Cutthroat Trout O. clarkii lewisi. We found rapid expansion in the spatial distribution and proportion of nonnative genetic admixture in hybridized populations from 1984 to 2004, but minimal change since 2004. The spread of hybridization was negatively correlated with the number of streamflow events in May that exceeded the 75th percentile of historic flows (r = −0.98) and positively correlated with August stream temperatures (r = 0.89). Concomitantly, suppression data showed a 60% decline in catch per unit effort for fish with a high proportion of Rainbow Trout admixture, rendering some uncertainty as to the relative strength of factors controlling the spread of hybridization. Our results illustrate the importance of initiating management actions to mitigate the potential effects of climate change, even where data describing the effectiveness of such actions are initially limited but the risks are severe.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","usgsCitation":"Al-Chokhachy, R.K., Muhlfeld, C.C., Boyer, M., Jones, L.A., Steed, A., and Kershner, J.L., 2014, Quantifying the effectiveness of conservation measures to control the spread of anthropogenic hybridization in stream salmonids: A climate adaptation case study: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 34, no. 3, p. 642-652.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"642","endPage":"652","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052241","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295949,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":381804,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://afspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1080/02755947.2014.901259"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Flathead River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.093017578125,\n 47.35371061951363\n ],\n [\n -114.093017578125,\n 48.741700879765396\n ],\n [\n -111.588134765625,\n 48.741700879765396\n ],\n [\n -111.588134765625,\n 47.35371061951363\n ],\n [\n -114.093017578125,\n 47.35371061951363\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"545ded2de4b0ba8303f92b9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Al-Chokhachy, Robert K. 0000-0002-2136-5098 ral-chokhachy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2136-5098","contributorId":1674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Al-Chokhachy","given":"Robert","email":"ral-chokhachy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":521370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muhlfeld, Clint C. 0000-0002-4599-4059 cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-4059","contributorId":924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"Clint","email":"cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":521371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyer, Matthew","contributorId":124595,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[{"id":5133,"text":"Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks, Kalispell, Montana 59901","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, Leslie A. 0000-0002-4953-7189 lajones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4953-7189","contributorId":4599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Leslie","email":"lajones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":521373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Steed, Amber","contributorId":124596,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steed","given":"Amber","affiliations":[{"id":5133,"text":"Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks, Kalispell, Montana 59901","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kershner, Jeffrey L. 0000-0002-7093-9860 jkershner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7093-9860","contributorId":310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kershner","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jkershner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":521375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70134680,"text":"70134680 - 2014 - Prevalence, transmission, and genetic diversity of blood parasites infecting tundra-nesting geese in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-20T20:25:23","indexId":"70134680","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prevalence, transmission, and genetic diversity of blood parasites infecting tundra-nesting geese in Alaska","docAbstract":"A total of 842 blood samples collected from five species of tundra-nesting geese in Alaska was screened for haemosporidian parasites using molecular techniques. Parasites of the generaLeucocytozoon Danilewsky, 1890, Haemoproteus Kruse, 1890, and Plasmodium Marchiafava and Celli, 1885 were detected in 169 (20%), 3 (<1%), and 0 (0%) samples, respectively. Occupancy modeling was used to estimate prevalence of Leucocytozoon parasites and assess variation relative to species, age, sex, geographic area, year, and decade. Species, age, and decade were identified as important in explaining differences in prevalence of Leucocytozoonparasites. Leucocytozoon parasites were detected in goslings sampled along the Arctic Coastal Plain using both historic and contemporary samples, which provided support for transmission in the North American Arctic. In contrast, lack of detection of Haemoproteus and Plasmodiumparasites in goslings (n = 238) provided evidence to suggest that the transmission of parasites of these genera may not occur among waterfowl using tundra habitats in Alaska, or alternatively, may only occur at low levels. Five haemosporidian genetic lineages shared among different species of geese sampled from two geographic areas were indicative of interspecies parasite transmission and supported broad parasite or vector distributions. However, identicalLeucocytozoon and Haemoproteus lineages on public databases were limited to waterfowl hosts suggesting constraints in the range of parasite hosts.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2014-0041","usgsCitation":"Ramey, A.M., Reed, J.A., Schmutz, J.A., Fondell, T.F., Meixell, B.W., Hupp, J.W., Ward, D.H., Terenzi, J., and Ely, C.R., 2014, Prevalence, transmission, and genetic diversity of blood parasites infecting tundra-nesting geese in Alaska: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 92, no. 8, p. 699-706, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2014-0041.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"699","endPage":"706","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054447","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296438,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -170.2001953125,\n 62.97519757003264\n ],\n [\n -170.2001953125,\n 71.39916455383504\n ],\n [\n -140.9765625,\n 71.39916455383504\n ],\n [\n -140.9765625,\n 62.97519757003264\n ],\n [\n -170.2001953125,\n 62.97519757003264\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548193c8e4b0aa6d778520fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramey, Andrew M. 0000-0002-3601-8400 aramey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-8400","contributorId":1872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"Andrew","email":"aramey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, John A. 0000-0002-3239-6906 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tfondell@usgs.gov","contributorId":3563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fondell","given":"Tom","email":"tfondell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meixell, Brandt W. 0000-0002-6738-0349 bmeixell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6738-0349","contributorId":138716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meixell","given":"Brandt","email":"bmeixell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hupp, Jerry W. 0000-0002-6439-3910 jhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-3910","contributorId":127803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Jerry","email":"jhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ward, David H. 0000-0002-5242-2526 dward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2526","contributorId":3247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Terenzi, John 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States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-12T14:48:16","indexId":"70110411","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-23T15:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting temporal variability of arsenic in groundwater used for drinking water supply in the United States","docAbstract":"The occurrence of arsenic in groundwater is a recognized environmental hazard with worldwide importance and much effort has been focused on surveying and predicting where arsenic occurs. Temporal variability is one aspect of this environmental hazard that has until recently received less attention than other aspects. For this study, we analyzed 1245 wells with two samples per well. We suggest that temporal variability, often reported as affecting very few wells, is perhaps a larger issue than it appears and has been masked by datasets with large numbers of non-detect data. Although there was only a slight difference in arsenic concentration variability among samples from public and private wells (p = 0.0452), the range of variability was larger for public than for private wells. Further, we relate the variability we see to geochemical factors—primarily variability in redox—but also variability in pH and major-ion chemistry. We also show that in New England there is a weak but statistically significant indication that seasonality may have an effect on concentrations, whereby concentrations in the first two quarters of the year (January–June) are significantly lower than in the second two quarters (July–December) (p < 0.0001). In the Central Valley of California, though not statistically significant (p = 0.4169), arsenic concentration is lower in the first quarter of the year but increases in subsequent quarters. In both regions, these changes appear to follow groundwater levels. It is possible that this difference in arsenic concentrations is related to groundwater level changes, pumping stresses, evapotranspiration effects, or perhaps mixing of more oxidizing, lower pH recharge water in wetter months. Focusing on the understanding the geochemical conditions in aquifers where arsenic concentrations are concerns and causes of geochemical changes in the groundwater environment may lead to a better understanding of where and by how much arsenic will vary over time.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.057","usgsCitation":"Ayotte, J., Belaval, M., Olson, S.A., Burow, K.R., Flanagan, S., Hinkle, S.R., and Lindsey, B., 2014, Factors affecting temporal variability of arsenic in groundwater used for drinking water supply in the United States: Science of the Total Environment, v. 505, p. 1370-1379, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.057.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1370","endPage":"1379","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053212","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287580,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287579,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.057"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"505","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"538051d8e4b0826cd5016536","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayotte, Joseph D. jayotte@usgs.gov","contributorId":1802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayotte","given":"Joseph D.","email":"jayotte@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":494066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belaval, Marcel","contributorId":21636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belaval","given":"Marcel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olson, Scott A. 0000-0002-1064-2125 solson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1064-2125","contributorId":2059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Scott","email":"solson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burow, Karen R. 0000-0001-6006-6667 krburow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-6667","contributorId":1504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burow","given":"Karen","email":"krburow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flanagan, Sarah M.","contributorId":8492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flanagan","given":"Sarah M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hinkle, Stephen R. srhinkle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkle","given":"Stephen","email":"srhinkle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lindsey, Bruce D. 0000-0002-7180-4319 blindsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7180-4319","contributorId":434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"Bruce D.","email":"blindsey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":494063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70109244,"text":"70109244 - 2014 - Tsunami forecast by joint inversion of real-time tsunami waveforms and seismic of GPS data: application to the Tohoku 2011 tsunami","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-14T11:45:12","indexId":"70109244","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-23T15:07:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tsunami forecast by joint inversion of real-time tsunami waveforms and seismic of GPS data: application to the Tohoku 2011 tsunami","docAbstract":"Correctly characterizing tsunami source generation is the most critical component of modern tsunami forecasting. Although difficult to quantify directly, a tsunami source can be modeled via different methods using a variety of measurements from deep-ocean tsunameters, seismometers, GPS, and other advanced instruments, some of which in or near real time. Here we assess the performance of different source models for the destructive 11 March 2011 Japan tsunami using model–data comparison for the generation, propagation, and inundation in the near field of Japan. This comparative study of tsunami source models addresses the advantages and limitations of different real-time measurements with potential use in early tsunami warning in the near and far field. The study highlights the critical role of deep-ocean tsunami measurements and rapid validation of the approximate tsunami source for high-quality forecasting. We show that these tsunami measurements are compatible with other real-time geodetic data, and may provide more insightful understanding of tsunami generation from earthquakes, as well as from nonseismic processes such as submarine landslide failures.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00024-014-0777-z","usgsCitation":"Yong, W., Newman, A.V., Hayes, G., Titov, V.V., and Tang, L., 2014, Tsunami forecast by joint inversion of real-time tsunami waveforms and seismic of GPS data: application to the Tohoku 2011 tsunami: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 171, no. 12, p. 3281-3305, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-014-0777-z.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"3281","endPage":"3305","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053877","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287572,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287571,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-014-0777-z"}],"country":"Japan","otherGeospatial":"Honshu","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 130.0,25.0 ], [ 130.0,50.0 ], [ 160.0,50.0 ], [ 160.0,25.0 ], [ 130.0,25.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"171","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"538052c8e4b0826cd50169fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yong, Wei","contributorId":19083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yong","given":"Wei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newman, Andrew V.","contributorId":32664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hayes, Gavin P. 0000-0003-3323-0112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3323-0112","contributorId":6157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Gavin P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Titov, Vasily V.","contributorId":67312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titov","given":"Vasily","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tang, Liujuan","contributorId":34045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tang","given":"Liujuan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70103371,"text":"sir20145079 - 2014 - Development of flood-inundation maps for the Mississippi River in Saint Paul, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-23T14:26:24","indexId":"sir20145079","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-23T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5079","title":"Development of flood-inundation maps for the Mississippi River in Saint Paul, Minnesota","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for a 6.3-mile reach of the Mississippi River in Saint Paul, Minnesota, were developed through a multi-agency effort by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and in collaboration with the National Weather Service. The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the U.S. Geological Survey Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/ and the National Weather Service Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service site at http://water.weather.gov/ahps/inundation.php, depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at the U.S. Geological Survey streamgage at the Mississippi River at Saint Paul (05331000). The National Weather Service forecasted peak-stage information at the streamgage may be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation.
\nIn this study, flood profiles were computed for the Mississippi River by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model. The hydraulic model was calibrated using the most recent stage-discharge relation at the Robert Street location (rating curve number 38.0) of the Mississippi River at Saint Paul (streamgage 05331000), as well as an approximate water-surface elevation-discharge relation at the Mississippi River at South Saint Paul (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers streamgage SSPM5). The model also was verified against observed high-water marks from the recent 2011 flood event and the water-surface profile from existing flood insurance studies. The hydraulic model was then used to determine 25 water-surface profiles for flood stages at 1-foot intervals ranging from approximately bankfull stage to greater than the highest recorded stage at streamgage 05331000. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model, derived from high-resolution topography data, to delineate potential areas flooded and to determine the water depths within the inundated areas for each stage at streamgage 05331000.
\nThe availability of these maps along with information regarding current stage at the U.S. Geological Survey streamgage and forecasted stages from the National Weather Service provides enhanced flood warning and visualization of the potential effects of a forecasted flood for the city of Saint Paul and its residents. The maps also can aid in emergency management planning and response activities, such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for post-flood recovery efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145079","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Czuba, C.R., Fallon, J.D., Lewis, C.R., and Cooper, D.F., 2014, Development of flood-inundation maps for the Mississippi River in Saint Paul, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5079, Report: vii, 24 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145079.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 24 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045357","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287569,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145079.jpg"},{"id":287564,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5079/"},{"id":287568,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5079/downloads/"},{"id":287567,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5079/pdf/sir2014-5079.pdf"}],"projection":"Web Mercator (Auxiliary Sphere) projection","datum":"World Geodectic System 1984","country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Saint Paul","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93.15028,44.904788 ], [ -93.15028,44.97016 ], [ -92.999857,44.97016 ], [ -92.999857,44.904788 ], [ -93.15028,44.904788 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"538051c6e4b0826cd50164ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Czuba, Christiana R. cczuba@usgs.gov","contributorId":4555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czuba","given":"Christiana","email":"cczuba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fallon, James D. jfallon@usgs.gov","contributorId":3417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fallon","given":"James","email":"jfallon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":493276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lewis, Corby R.","contributorId":25082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Corby","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cooper, Diane F.","contributorId":11952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70100989,"text":"sir20145040 - 2014 - Groundwater levels and water quality during a 96-hour aquifer test in Pickaway County, Ohio, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-23T13:13:26","indexId":"sir20145040","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-23T13:07:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5040","title":"Groundwater levels and water quality during a 96-hour aquifer test in Pickaway County, Ohio, 2012","docAbstract":"During October–November 2012, a 96-hour aquifer test was performed at a proposed well field in northern Pickaway County, Ohio, to investigate groundwater with elevated nitrate concentrations. Earlier sampling done by the City of Columbus revealed that some wells had concentrations of nitrate that approached 10 milligrams per liter (mg/L), whereas other wells and the nearby Scioto River had concentrations from 2 to 6 mg/L. The purpose of the current test was to examine potential changes in water quality that may be expected if the site was developed into a public water-supply source; therefore, water-transmitting properties determined during a previous test were not determined a second time.
\nBefore and during the test, water-level data and water-quality samples were obtained from observation wells while a test production well was pumped at 1,300 gallons per minute. Before the test, local groundwater levels indicated that groundwater was being discharged to the nearby Scioto River, but during the test, the stream was losing streamflow owing to infiltration. Water levels declined in the pumping well, in adjacent observation wells, and in a nearby streambed piezometer as pumping commenced. The maximum drawdown in the pumping well was 29.75 feet, measured about 95 hours after pumping began.
\nWater-quality data, including analyses for field parameters, major and trace elements, nutrients, and stable isotopes of oxygen and nitrogen in nitrate, demonstrated only small variations before and during the test. Concentrations of nitrate in five samples from the pumping well ranged from about 5.10 to 5.42 mg/L before and during the test, whereas concentrations of nitrate in five samples on or about the same sampling dates and times at a monitoring site on the Scioto River adjacent to the pumping well ranged from 3.46 to 4.97 mg/L. Water from two nearby observation wells had nitrate concentrations approaching 10 mg/L, which is the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Maximum Contaminant Level for nitrate. Analysis of isotopes of oxygen and nitrogen in nitrate indicated that the source of nitrate is most likely soil nitrogen and fertilizer, with some denitrification and (or) mixing with some manure and septic waste derived from upstream wastewater-treatment facilities.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145040","issn":"2328-0328","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Columbus, Department of Public Utilities, Division of Water","usgsCitation":"Haefner, R.J., Runkle, D.L., and Mailot, B.E., 2014, Groundwater levels and water quality during a 96-hour aquifer test in Pickaway County, Ohio, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5040, Report: v, 16 p.; Table 4: XLS, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145040.","productDescription":"Report: v, 16 p.; Table 4: XLS","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-10-01","temporalEnd":"2012-11-30","ipdsId":"IP-053176","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287560,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145040.jpg"},{"id":287559,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5040/table/sir2014-5040_table4.xlsx"},{"id":287557,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5040/"},{"id":287558,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5040/pdf/sir2014-5040.pdf"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Ohio","county":"Pickaway County","otherGeospatial":"Scioto River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.015768,39.753186 ], [ -83.015768,39.768975 ], [ -82.98798,39.768975 ], [ -82.98798,39.753186 ], [ -83.015768,39.753186 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5380521be4b0826cd501667f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haefner, Ralph J. 0000-0002-4363-9010 rhaefner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4363-9010","contributorId":1793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haefner","given":"Ralph","email":"rhaefner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runkle, Donna L. dlrunkle@usgs.gov","contributorId":2556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkle","given":"Donna","email":"dlrunkle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":492489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mailot, Brian E. bemailot@usgs.gov","contributorId":2569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mailot","given":"Brian","email":"bemailot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70116724,"text":"70116724 - 2014 - Temperature data acquired from the DOI/GTN-P Deep Borehole Array on the Arctic Slope of Alaska, 1973-2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T11:04:30","indexId":"70116724","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-23T09:25:51","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1426,"text":"Earth System Science Data","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temperature data acquired from the DOI/GTN-P Deep Borehole Array on the Arctic Slope of Alaska, 1973-2013","docAbstract":"A homogeneous set of temperature measurements obtained from the DOI/GTN-P Deep Borehole Array between 1973 and 2013 is presented; DOI/GTN-P is the US Department of the Interior contribution to the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost (GTN-P). The 23-element array is located on the Arctic Slope of\nAlaska, a region of cold continuous permafrost. Most of the monitoring wells are situated on the Arctic coastal plain between the Brooks Range and the Arctic Ocean, while others are in the foothills to the south. The data represent the true temperatures in the wellbores and surrounding rocks at the time of the measurements; they have not been corrected to remove the thermal disturbance caused by drilling the wells. With a few exceptions, the drilling disturbance is estimated to have been on the order of 0.1 K or less by 1989. Thus, most of the temperature measurements acquired during the last 25 yr are little affected by the drilling disturbance. The data contribute to ongoing efforts to monitor changes in the thermal state of permafrost in both hemispheres by the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost, one of the primary subnetworks of the Global Terrestrial Observing\nSystem (GTOS). The data will also be useful for refining our basic understanding of the physical conditions in permafrost in Arctic Alaska, as well as providing important information for validating predictive models used for climate impact assessments. The processed data are available from the Advanced Cooperative Arctic Data and Information Service (ACADIS) repository at doi:10.5065/D6N014HK.","language":"English","publisher":"Copernicus Publications","publisherLocation":"Katlenberg-Lindau, Germany","doi":"10.5194/essd-6-201-2014","usgsCitation":"Clow, G.D., 2014, Temperature data acquired from the DOI/GTN-P Deep Borehole Array on the Arctic Slope of Alaska, 1973-2013: Earth System Science Data, v. 6, p. 201-218, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-201-2014.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"218","numberOfPages":"18","temporalStart":"1973-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-049505","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-201-2014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":290246,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic Slope","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -163.00,68.50 ], [ -163.00,72.00 ], [ -140.00,72.00 ], [ -140.00,68.50 ], [ -163.00,68.50 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c79f18e4b01948416424ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clow, Gary D. 0000-0002-2262-3853 clow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2262-3853","contributorId":2066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"Gary","email":"clow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70104311,"text":"ds849 - 2014 - Discharge, water temperature, and selected meteorological data for Vancouver Lake, Vancouver, Washington, water years 2011-13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-23T08:23:01","indexId":"ds849","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-23T08:13:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"849","title":"Discharge, water temperature, and selected meteorological data for Vancouver Lake, Vancouver, Washington, water years 2011-13","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey partnered with the Vancouver Lake Watershed Partnership in a 2-year intensive study to quantify the movement of water and nutrients through Vancouver Lake in Vancouver, Washington. This report is intended to assist the Vancouver Lake Watershed Partnership in evaluating potential courses of action to mitigate seasonally driven blooms of harmful cyanobacteria and to improve overall water quality of the lake. This report contains stream discharge, lake water temperature, and selected meteorological data for water years 2011, 2012, and 2013 that were used to develop the water and nutrient budgets for the lake.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds849","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Vancouver Lake Watershed Partnership","usgsCitation":"Foreman, J.R., Marshall, C., and Sheibley, R.W., 2014, Discharge, water temperature, and selected meteorological data for Vancouver Lake, Vancouver, Washington, water years 2011-13: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 849, v, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds849.","productDescription":"v, 51 p.","numberOfPages":"62","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2010-10-01","temporalEnd":"2013-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-055506","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287553,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds849.jpg"},{"id":287548,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/849/"},{"id":287552,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/849/pdf/ds849.pdf"}],"projection":"State Plane Washington South, FIPS 4602","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Vancouver","otherGeospatial":"Vancouver Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.78263,45.626529 ], [ -122.78263,45.729892 ], [ -122.657838,45.729892 ], [ -122.657838,45.626529 ], [ -122.78263,45.626529 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"538051c9e4b0826cd50164c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foreman, James R. 0000-0003-0535-4580 jforeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0535-4580","contributorId":3669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"James","email":"jforeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marshall, Cameron A. marshall@usgs.gov","contributorId":5412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"Cameron A.","email":"marshall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sheibley, Rich W. 0000-0003-1627-8536 sheibley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1627-8536","contributorId":3044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheibley","given":"Rich","email":"sheibley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70108284,"text":"70108284 - 2014 - Spatial distribution of loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) emergences along a highly dynamic beach in the northern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-22T16:13:24","indexId":"70108284","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-22T16:05:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2277,"text":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial distribution of loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) emergences along a highly dynamic beach in the northern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"As coastlines change due to sea level rise and an increasing human presence, understanding how species, such as marine turtles, respond to alterations in habitat is necessary for proper management and conservation. Survey data from a major nesting beach in the northern Gulf of Mexico, where a revetment was installed, was used to assess spatial distribution of loggerhead emergences. Through use of Quadrat analysis and piecewise linear regression with breakpoint, we present evidence to suggest that nest site selection in loggerheads is determined in the nearshore environment, and by characteristics such as wave height, alongshore currents, depth and patterns of erosion and accretion. Areas of relatively dense nesting were found in areas with relatively strong alongshore currents, relatively small waves, a steep offshore slope and the largest historical rates of erosion. Areas of relatively dense nesting also corresponded to areas of low nesting success. Both nesting and non-nesting emergences were clustered immediately adjacent to the revetment and at other eroding sites along the beach. These results suggest that alterations to the nearshore environment from activities such as construction of a jetty, dredging or installation of pilings, may impact sea turtle nest distribution alongshore. We also show that piecewise linear regression with breakpoint is a technique that can be used with geomorphological and oceanographic data to predict locations of nest clumping and may be useful for managers at other nesting beaches.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2013.11.006","usgsCitation":"Lamont, M.M., and Houser, C., 2014, Spatial distribution of loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) emergences along a highly dynamic beach in the northern Gulf of Mexico: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, v. 453, p. 98-107, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2013.11.006.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"98","endPage":"107","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-045405","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287545,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2013.11.006"},{"id":287546,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.601551,29.50046 ], [ -85.601551,30.169672 ], [ -84.67545,30.169672 ], [ -84.67545,29.50046 ], [ -85.601551,29.50046 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"453","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537f0e53e4b021317a86e2d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lamont, Margaret M. 0000-0001-7520-6669 mlamont@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7520-6669","contributorId":4525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamont","given":"Margaret","email":"mlamont@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houser, Chris","contributorId":78248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houser","given":"Chris","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70108189,"text":"70108189 - 2014 - Tailoring point counts for inference about avian density: dealing with nondetection and availability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-22T15:21:04","indexId":"70108189","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-22T15:18:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2827,"text":"Natural Resource Modeling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tailoring point counts for inference about avian density: dealing with nondetection and availability","docAbstract":"Point counts are commonly used for bird surveys, but interpretation is ambiguous unless there is an accounting for the imperfect detection of individuals. We show how repeated point counts, supplemented by observation distances, can account for two aspects of the counting process: (1) detection of birds conditional on being available for observation and (2) the availability of birds for detection given presence. We propose a hierarchical model that permits the radius in which birds are available for detection to vary with forest stand age (or other relevant habitat features), so that the number of birds available at each location is described by a Poisson-gamma mixture. Conditional on availability, the number of birds detected at each location is modeled by a beta-binomial distribution. We fit this model to repeated point count data of Florida scrub-jays and found evidence that the area in which birds were available for detection decreased with increasing stand age. Estimated density was 0.083 (95%CI: 0.060–0.113) scrub-jays/ha. Point counts of birds have a number of appealing features. Based on our findings, however, an accounting for both components of the counting process may be necessary to ensure that abundance estimates are comparable across time and space. Our approach could easily be adapted to other species and habitats.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Resource Modeling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/nrm.12024","usgsCitation":"Johnson, F.A., Dorazio, R.M., Castellon, T.D., Martin, J., Garcia, J.O., and Nichols, J., 2014, Tailoring point counts for inference about avian density: dealing with nondetection and availability: Natural Resource Modeling, v. 27, no. 2, p. 163-177, https://doi.org/10.1111/nrm.12024.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"177","numberOfPages":"15","ipdsId":"IP-021945","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287542,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287541,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nrm.12024"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537f0e53e4b021317a86e2d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Fred A. 0000-0002-5854-3695 fjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5854-3695","contributorId":2773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Fred","email":"fjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorazio, Robert M. 0000-0003-2663-0468 bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":1668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"Robert","email":"bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Castellon, Traci D.","contributorId":101565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castellon","given":"Traci","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, Julien 0000-0002-7375-129X julienmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7375-129X","contributorId":5785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Julien","email":"julienmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Garcia, Jay O.","contributorId":93392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70108400,"text":"70108400 - 2014 - Large biases in regression-based constituent flux estimates: causes and diagnostic tools","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-14T11:44:27","indexId":"70108400","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-22T14:58:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large biases in regression-based constituent flux estimates: causes and diagnostic tools","docAbstract":"It has been documented in the literature that, in some cases, widely used regression-based models can produce severely biased estimates of long-term mean river fluxes of various constituents. These models, estimated using sample values of concentration, discharge, and date, are used to compute estimated fluxes for a multiyear period at a daily time step. This study compares results of the LOADEST seven-parameter model, LOADEST five-parameter model, and the Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, and Season (WRTDS) model using subsampling of six very large datasets to better understand this bias problem. This analysis considers sample datasets for dissolved nitrate and total phosphorus. The results show that LOADEST-7 and LOADEST-5, although they often produce very nearly unbiased results, can produce highly biased results. This study identifies three conditions that can give rise to these severe biases: (1) lack of fit of the log of concentration vs. log discharge relationship, (2) substantial differences in the shape of this relationship across seasons, and (3) severely heteroscedastic residuals. The WRTDS model is more resistant to the bias problem than the LOADEST models but is not immune to them. Understanding the causes of the bias problem is crucial to selecting an appropriate method for flux computations. Diagnostic tools for identifying the potential for bias problems are introduced, and strategies for resolving bias problems are described.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA","doi":"10.1111/jawr.12195","usgsCitation":"Hirsch, R.M., 2014, Large biases in regression-based constituent flux estimates: causes and diagnostic tools: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 50, no. 6, p. 1401-1424, https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12195.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"1401","endPage":"1424","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054084","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472984,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12195","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":287538,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287531,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12195"}],"volume":"50","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537f0e52e4b021317a86e2cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70103567,"text":"ds846 - 2014 - Low-altitude photographic transects of the Arctic Network of National Park Units and Selawik National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, July 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-28T14:33:25","indexId":"ds846","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-21T12:44:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"846","title":"Low-altitude photographic transects of the Arctic Network of National Park Units and Selawik National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, July 2013","docAbstract":"During July 16–18, 2013, low-level photography flights were conducted (with a Cessna 185 with floats and a Cessna 206 with tundra tires) over the five administrative units of the National Park Service Arctic Network (Bering Land Bridge National Preserve, Cape Krusenstern National Monument, Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve, Kobuk Valley National Park, and Noatak National Preserve) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s Selawik National Wildlife Refuge in northwest Alaska, to provide images of current conditions and prevalence of land-cover types as a baseline for measuring future change, and to complement the existing grid-based sample photography of the region. Total flight time was 17 hours, 46 minutes, and total flight distance was 2,590 kilometers, at a mean altitude of about 300 meters above ground level.
\nA total of 19,167 photographs were taken from five digital camera systems:
\n1. A Drift® HD-170 (focal length 5.00 mm);
\n2. A GoPro® Hero3 Black Edition (focal length 2.77 mm);
\n3. A Panasonic® Lumix DMC-FZ200 (24× superzoom with variable focal length);
\n4. A Panasonic® Lumix DMC-SZ7 (10x superzoom with variable focal length); and
\n5. A Canon® Rebel 3Ti with a Sigma zoom lens (18–200 mm focal length).
The Drift® HD-170 and GoPro® Hero3 cameras were secured to the struts and underwing for nadir (direct downward) imaging. The Panasonic® and Canon® cameras were each hand-held for oblique-angle landscape images, shooting through the airplanes’ windows, targeting both general landscape conditions as well as landscape features of special interest, such as tundra fire scars and landslips.
\nThe Drift® and GoPro® cameras each were set for time-lapse photography at 5-second intervals for overlapping coverage. Photographs from all cameras (100 percent .jpg format) were date- and time-synchronized to geographic positioning system waypoints taken during the flights, also at 5-second intervals, providing precise geotagging (latitude-longitude) of all files. All photographs were adjusted for color saturation and gamma, and nadir photographs were corrected for lens distortion for the Drift® and GoPro® cameras’ 170° wide-angle distortion. EXIF (exchangeable image file format) data on camera settings and geotagging were extracted into spreadsheet databases. An additional 1 hour, 20 minutes, and 43 seconds of high-resolution videos were recorded at 60 frames per second with the GoPro® camera along selected transect segments, and also were image-adjusted and corrected for lens distortion. Geotagged locations of 12,395 nadir photographs from the Drift® and GoPro® cameras were overlayed in a geographic information system (ArcMap 10.0) onto a map of 44 ecotypes (land- and water-cover types) of the Arctic Network study area. Presence and area of each ecotype occurring within a geographic information system window centered on the location of each photograph were recorded and included in the spreadsheet databases. All original and adjusted photographs, videos, geographic positioning system flight tracks, and photograph databases are available by contacting ascweb@usgs.gov.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds846","usgsCitation":"Marcot, B., Jorgenson, M., and DeGange, A.R., 2014, Low-altitude photographic transects of the Arctic Network of National Park Units and Selawik National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, July 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 846, vi, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds846.","productDescription":"vi, 44 p.","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055102","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438765,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KFIRWQ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Low-Altitude Photographic Transects of the Arctic Network of National Park Units and Selawik National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, July 2013"},{"id":287475,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds846.jpg"},{"id":287474,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/846/pdf/ds846.pdf"},{"id":287473,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/846/"}],"projection":"Albers equal-area conic projection","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bering Land Bridge National Preserve;Cape Krusenstern National Monument;Gates Of The Arctic National Park And Preserve;Kobuk Valley National Park;Noatak National Preserve","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -168.33,64.3 ], [ -168.33,68.9 ], [ -148.67,68.9 ], [ -148.67,64.3 ], [ -168.33,64.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537dbcd0e4b05ed6215c078d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marcot, Bruce G.","contributorId":58015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marcot","given":"Bruce G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jorgenson, M. Torre","contributorId":40486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"M. Torre","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeGange, Anthony R. tdegange@usgs.gov","contributorId":139765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGange","given":"Anthony","email":"tdegange@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70125290,"text":"70125290 - 2014 - Fuzzy boundaries: color and gene flow patterns among parapatric lineages of the western shovel-nosed snake and taxonomic implication","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-16T10:32:35","indexId":"70125290","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-21T10:30:59","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fuzzy boundaries: color and gene flow patterns among parapatric lineages of the western shovel-nosed snake and taxonomic implication","docAbstract":"Accurate delineation of lineage diversity is increasingly important, as species distributions are becoming more reduced and threatened. During the last century, the subspecies category was often used to denote phenotypic variation within a species range and to provide a framework for understanding lineage differentiation, often considered incipient speciation. While this category has largely fallen into disuse, previously recognized subspecies often serve as important units for conservation policy and management when other information is lacking. In this study, we evaluated phenotypic subspecies hypotheses within shovel-nosed snakes on the basis of genetic data and considered how evolutionary processes such as gene flow influenced possible incongruence between phenotypic and genetic patterns. We used both traditional phylogenetic and Bayesian clustering analyses to infer range-wide genetic structure and spatially explicit analyses to detect possible boundary locations of lineage contact. Multilocus analyses supported three historically isolated groups with low to moderate levels of contemporary gene exchange. Genetic data did not support phenotypic subspecies as exclusive groups, and we detected patterns of discordance in areas where three subspecies are presumed to be in contact. Based on genetic and phenotypic evidence, we suggested that species-level diversity is underestimated in this group and we proposed that two species be recognized, Chionactis occipitalis and C. annulata. In addition, we recommend retention of two subspecific designations within C. annulata (C. a. annulata and C. a. klauberi) that reflect regional shifts in both genetic and phenotypic variation within the species. Our results highlight the difficultly in validating taxonomic boundaries within lineages that are evolving under a time-dependent, continuous process.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0097494","usgsCitation":"Wood, D.A., Fisher, R.N., and Vandergast, A.G., 2014, Fuzzy boundaries: color and gene flow patterns among parapatric lineages of the western shovel-nosed snake and taxonomic implication: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 5, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0097494.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-055947","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472985,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0097494","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":293911,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293872,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0097494"}],"volume":"9","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54195137e4b091c7ffc8e6cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Dustin A. 0000-0002-7668-9911 dawood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7668-9911","contributorId":4179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Dustin","email":"dawood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vandergast, Amy G. 0000-0002-7835-6571","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-6571","contributorId":97617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandergast","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}