Bathymetric and velocimetric data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Transportation, in the vicinity of 10 bridges at 9 highway crossings of the Missouri River between Lexington and Washington, Missouri, from April 22 through May 2, 2013. A multibeam echosounder mapping system was used to obtain channel-bed elevations for river reaches ranging from 1,640 to 1,840 feet longitudinally and extending laterally across the active channel between banks and spur dikes in the Missouri River during low- to moderate-flow conditions. These bathymetric surveys indicate the channel conditions at the time of the surveys and provide characteristics of scour holes that may be useful in the development of predictive guidelines or equations for scour holes. These data also may be useful to the Missouri Department of Transportation to assess the bridges for stability and integrity issues with respect to bridge scour during floods.
\nBathymetric data were collected around every pier that was in water, except those at the edge of water or in very shallow water (less than about 6 feet). Scour holes were present at most piers for which bathymetry could be obtained, except at piers on channel banks, near or embedded in lateral or longitudinal spur dikes, and on exposed bedrock outcrops. Scour holes observed at the surveyed bridges were examined with respect to depth and shape. Although exposure of parts of foundational support elements was observed at several piers, at most sites the exposure likely can be considered minimal compared to the overall substructure that remains buried in channel-bed material; however, there were several notable exceptions where the bed material thickness between the bottom of the scour hole and bedrock was less than 6 feet. Such substantial exposure of usually buried substructural elements may warrant special observation in future flood events.
\nPrevious bathymetric surveys had been done at all of the sites in this study during the flood of 2011. Comparisons between bathymetric surfaces from the previous surveys and those of this study generally indicate a consistent increase in the elevation of the bed and decrease in the size of scour holes at these sites, both likely caused by a substantial decrease in discharge and water-surface elevation compared to the 2011 surveys at most sites. However, multiple surveys at one of the sites indicate that the flow condition is not the sole variable in the determination of the size of scour holes at sites with a dual bridge configuration. Furthermore, another site had a smaller and shallower scour hole even though the discharge in this study was slightly greater than in 2011. Pier size, nose shape, and alignment to flow also had a substantial effect on the size of the scour hole observed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145116","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Huizinga, R.J., 2014, Bathymetric and velocimetric surveys at highway bridges crossing the Missouri River between Kansas City and St. Louis, Missouri, April-May, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5116, viii, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145116.","productDescription":"viii, 79 p.","numberOfPages":"92","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-056537","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290599,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5116/pdf/sir2014-5116.pdf"},{"id":290598,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5116/"},{"id":290600,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145116.jpg"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96.00,38.00 ], [ -96.00,40.75 ], [ -90.00,40.75 ], [ -90.00,38.00 ], [ -96.00,38.00 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a8e4b0bc0bec09f8eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huizinga, Richard J. 0000-0002-2940-2324 huizinga@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2940-2324","contributorId":2089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huizinga","given":"Richard","email":"huizinga@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70095411,"text":"ds768 - 2014 - Key subsurface data help to refine Trinity aquifer hydrostratigraphic units, south-central Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-19T21:30:44.950738","indexId":"ds768","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-21T13:07:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"768","title":"Key subsurface data help to refine Trinity aquifer hydrostratigraphic units, south-central Texas","docAbstract":"The geologic framework and hydrologic characteristics of aquifers are important components for studying the nation’s subsurface heterogeneity and predicting its hydraulic budgets. Detailed study of an aquifer’s subsurface hydrostratigraphy is needed to understand both its geologic and hydrologic frameworks. Surface hydrostratigraphic mapping can also help characterize the spatial distribution and hydraulic connectivity of an aquifer’s permeable zones. Advances in three-dimensional (3-D) mapping and modeling have also enabled geoscientists to visualize the spatial relations between the saturated and unsaturated lithologies.
\nThis detailed study of two borehole cores, collected in 2001 on the Camp Stanley Storage Activity (CSSA) area, provided the foundation for revising a number of hydrostratigraphic units representing the middle zone of the Trinity aquifer. The CSSA area is a restricted military facility that encompasses approximately 4,000 acres and is located in Boerne, Texas, northwest of the city of San Antonio. Studying both the surface and subsurface geology of the CSSA area are integral parts of a U.S. Geological Survey project funded through the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program. This modification of hydrostratigraphic units is being applied to all subsurface data used to construct a proposed 3-D EarthVision model of the CSSA area and areas to the south and west.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds768","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Camp Stanley Storage Activity, Parsons Corporation, and Weatherford Laboratories","usgsCitation":"Blome, C.D., and Clark, A.K., 2014, Key subsurface data help to refine Trinity aquifer hydrostratigraphic units, south-central Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 768, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds768.","productDescription":"1 p.","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042154","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504538,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_100423.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":290582,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds768.jpg"},{"id":290581,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/768/"},{"id":290591,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/768/pdf/ds768.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -99.75,29.00 ], [ -99.75,30.50 ], [ -97.75,30.50 ], [ -97.75,29.00 ], [ -99.75,29.00 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a8e4b0bc0bec09f8ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blome, Charles D. 0000-0002-3449-9378 cblome@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-9378","contributorId":1246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blome","given":"Charles","email":"cblome@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Allan K. 0000-0003-0099-1521 akclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0099-1521","contributorId":1279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Allan","email":"akclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70170985,"text":"70170985 - 2014 - Linking rapid magma reservoir assembly and eruption trigger mechanisms at evolved Yellowstone-type supervolcanoes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-14T12:31:26","indexId":"70170985","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-21T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking rapid magma reservoir assembly and eruption trigger mechanisms at evolved Yellowstone-type supervolcanoes","docAbstract":"The geological record contains evidence of volcanic eruptions that were as much as two orders of magnitude larger than the most voluminous eruption experienced by modern civilizations, the A.D. 1815 Tambora (Indonesia) eruption. Perhaps nowhere on Earth are deposits of such supereruptions more prominent than in the Snake River Plain–Yellowstone Plateau (SRP-YP) volcanic province (northwest United States). While magmatic activity at Yellowstone is still ongoing, the Heise volcanic field in eastern Idaho represents the youngest complete caldera cycle in the SRP-YP, and thus is particularly instructive for current and future volcanic activity at Yellowstone. The Heise caldera cycle culminated 4.5 Ma ago in the eruption of the ∼1800 km3 Kilgore Tuff. Accessory zircons in the Kilgore Tuff display significant intercrystalline and intracrystalline oxygen isotopic heterogeneity, and the vast majority are 18O depleted. This suggests that zircons crystallized from isotopically distinct magma batches that were generated by remelting of subcaldera silicic rocks previously altered by low-δ18O meteoric-hydrothermal fluids. Prior to eruption these magma batches were assembled and homogenized into a single voluminous reservoir. U-Pb geochronology of isotopically diverse zircons using chemical abrasion–isotope dilution–thermal ionization mass spectrometry yielded indistinguishable crystallization ages with a weighted mean 206Pb/238U date of 4.4876 ± 0.0023 Ma (MSWD = 1.5; n = 24). These zircon crystallization ages are also indistinguishable from the sanidine 40Ar/39Ar dates, and thus zircons crystallized close to eruption. This requires that shallow crustal melting, assembly of isolated batches into a supervolcanic magma reservoir, homogenization, and eruption occurred extremely rapidly, within the resolution of our geochronology (103–104 yr). The crystal-scale image of the reservoir configuration, with several isolated magma batches, is very similar to the reservoir configurations inferred from seismic data at active supervolcanoes. The connection of magma batches vertically distributed over several kilometers in the upper crust would cause a substantial increase of buoyancy overpressure, providing an eruption trigger mechanism that is the direct consequence of the reservoir assembly process.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/G35979.1","usgsCitation":"Wotzlaw, J., Bindeman, I., Watts, K.E., Schmitt, A., Caricchi, L., and Schaltegger, U., 2014, Linking rapid magma reservoir assembly and eruption trigger mechanisms at evolved Yellowstone-type supervolcanoes: Geology, v. 42, no. 9, p. 807-810, https://doi.org/10.1130/G35979.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"807","endPage":"810","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057603","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321300,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.29150390625,\n 44.05601169578525\n ],\n [\n -109.9072265625,\n 44.05601169578525\n ],\n [\n -109.9072265625,\n 45.089035564831036\n ],\n [\n -111.29150390625,\n 45.089035564831036\n ],\n [\n -111.29150390625,\n 44.05601169578525\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d65a7e4b07e28b6684601","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wotzlaw, J.F.","contributorId":169319,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wotzlaw","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25472,"text":"University of Geneva","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bindeman, I.N.","contributorId":99337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bindeman","given":"I.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watts, Kathryn E. 0000-0002-6110-7499 kwatts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6110-7499","contributorId":5081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"Kathryn","email":"kwatts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmitt, A.K.","contributorId":75320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Caricchi, L.","contributorId":169320,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caricchi","given":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":25472,"text":"University of Geneva","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schaltegger, U.","contributorId":169321,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaltegger","given":"U.","affiliations":[{"id":25472,"text":"University of Geneva","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70101943,"text":"ofr20141071 - 2014 - Characterization of potential mineralization in Afghanistan: four permissive areas identified using imaging spectroscopy data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-22T08:30:07","indexId":"ofr20141071","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-18T11:26:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1071","title":"Characterization of potential mineralization in Afghanistan: four permissive areas identified using imaging spectroscopy data","docAbstract":"As part of the U.S. Geological Survey and Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations natural resources revitalization activities in Afghanistan, four permissive areas for mineralization, Bamyan 1, Farah 1, Ghazni 1, and Ghazni 2, have been identified using imaging spectroscopy data. To support economic development, the areas of potential mineralization were selected on the occurrence of selected mineral assemblages mapped using the HyMap™ data (kaolinite, jarosite, hydrated silica, chlorite, epidote, iron-bearing carbonate, buddingtonite, dickite, and alunite) that may be indicative of past mineralization processes in areas with limited or no previous mineral resource studies. Approximately 30 sites were initially determined to be candidates for areas of potential mineralization. Additional criteria and material used to refine the selection and prioritization process included existing geologic maps, Landsat Thematic Mapper data, and published literature. The HyMapTM data were interpreted in the context of the regional geologic and tectonic setting and used the presence of alteration mineral assemblages to identify areas with the potential for undiscovered mineral resources. Further field-sampling, mapping, and supporting geochemical analyses are necessary to fully substantiate and verify the specific deposit types in the four areas of potential mineralization.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141071","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations and the Afghanistan Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"King, T., Berger, B.R., and Johnson, M., 2014, Characterization of potential mineralization in Afghanistan: four permissive areas identified using imaging spectroscopy data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1071, vi, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141071.","productDescription":"vi, 67 p.","numberOfPages":"74","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-053227","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290456,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141071.jpg"},{"id":290454,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1071/"},{"id":290455,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1071/pdf/ofr2014-1071.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"World Geodetic System 1984","country":"Afghanistan","state":"Bamyan;Farah;Ghazni","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 62.0,30.0 ], [ 62.0,38.0 ], [ 74.0,38.0 ], [ 74.0,30.0 ], [ 62.0,30.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd50bbe4b0b290850f3827","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Trude","contributorId":29831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Trude","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berger, Byron R. bberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"Byron","email":"bberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Michaela R. 0000-0001-6133-0247 mrjohns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-0247","contributorId":1013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michaela R.","email":"mrjohns@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70117080,"text":"70117080 - 2014 - A hierarchical model combining distance sampling and time removal to estimate detection probability during avian point counts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-24T15:16:15","indexId":"70117080","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-18T11:21:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A hierarchical model combining distance sampling and time removal to estimate detection probability during avian point counts","docAbstract":"Imperfect detection during animal surveys biases estimates of abundance and can lead to improper conclusions regarding distribution and population trends. Farnsworth et al. (2005) developed a combined distance-sampling and time-removal model for point-transect surveys that addresses both availability (the probability that an animal is available for detection; e.g., that a bird sings) and perceptibility (the probability that an observer detects an animal, given that it is available for detection). We developed a hierarchical extension of the combined model that provides an integrated analysis framework for a collection of survey points at which both distance from the observer and time of initial detection are recorded. Implemented in a Bayesian framework, this extension facilitates evaluating covariates on abundance and detection probability, incorporating excess zero counts (i.e. zero-inflation), accounting for spatial autocorrelation, and estimating population density. Species-specific characteristics, such as behavioral displays and territorial dispersion, may lead to different patterns of availability and perceptibility, which may, in turn, influence the performance of such hierarchical models. Therefore, we first test our proposed model using simulated data under different scenarios of availability and perceptibility. We then illustrate its performance with empirical point-transect data for a songbird that consistently produces loud, frequent, primarily auditory signals, the Golden-crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia atricapilla); and for 2 ptarmigan species (Lagopus spp.) that produce more intermittent, subtle, and primarily visual cues. Data were collected by multiple observers along point transects across a broad landscape in southwest Alaska, so we evaluated point-level covariates on perceptibility (observer and habitat), availability (date within season and time of day), and abundance (habitat, elevation, and slope), and included a nested point-within-transect and park-level effect. Our results suggest that this model can provide insight into the detection process during avian surveys and reduce bias in estimates of relative abundance but is best applied to surveys of species with greater availability (e.g., breeding songbirds).
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/AUK-14-11.1","usgsCitation":"Amundson, C.L., Royle, J., and Handel, C.M., 2014, A hierarchical model combining distance sampling and time removal to estimate detection probability during avian point counts: The Auk, v. 131, no. 4, p. 476-494, https://doi.org/10.1642/AUK-14-11.1.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"476","endPage":"494","ipdsId":"IP-051985","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1642/AUK-14-11.1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":290450,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"131","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd49eee4b0b290850ef786","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amundson, Courtney L. 0000-0002-0166-7224 camundson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0166-7224","contributorId":4833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amundson","given":"Courtney","email":"camundson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":80808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70110905,"text":"ds851 - 2014 - Geospatial database of estimates of groundwater discharge to streams in the Upper Colorado River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T10:40:05","indexId":"ds851","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-18T10:58:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"851","title":"Geospatial database of estimates of groundwater discharge to streams in the Upper Colorado River Basin","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, as part of the Department of the Interior’s WaterSMART (Sustain and Manage America’s Resources for Tomorrow) initiative, compiled published estimates of groundwater discharge to streams in the Upper Colorado River Basin as a geospatial database. For the purpose of this report, groundwater discharge to streams is the baseflow portion of streamflow that includes contributions of groundwater from various flow paths. Reported estimates of groundwater discharge were assigned as attributes to stream reaches derived from the high-resolution National Hydrography Dataset. A total of 235 estimates of groundwater discharge to streams were compiled and included in the dataset. Feature class attributes of the geospatial database include groundwater discharge (acre-feet per year), method of estimation, citation abbreviation, defined reach, and 8-digit hydrologic unit code(s). Baseflow index (BFI) estimates of groundwater discharge were calculated using an existing streamflow characteristics dataset and were included as an attribute in the geospatial database. A comparison of the BFI estimates to the compiled estimates of groundwater discharge found that the BFI estimates were greater than the reported groundwater discharge estimates.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds851","usgsCitation":"Garcia, A., Masbruch, M.D., and Susong, D.D., 2014, Geospatial database of estimates of groundwater discharge to streams in the Upper Colorado River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 851, Report: iv, 6 p.; Metadata; Spatial Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds851.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 6 p.; Metadata; Spatial Data","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049223","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290447,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds851.PNG"},{"id":290444,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?ds851_UCRBBaseflow"},{"id":290445,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Susong, David D. ddsusong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Susong","given":"David","email":"ddsusong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70116982,"text":"70116982 - 2014 - Surface-groundwater interactions in hard rocks in Sardon Catchment of western Spain: an integrated modeling approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-22T08:35:45","indexId":"70116982","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-18T09:34:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of 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These complexities are not well described or understood by hydrogeologists because simplified analyses typically are used to study HRSs. A transient, integrated hydrologic model (IHM) GSFLOW (Groundwater and Surface water FLOW) was calibrated and post-audited using 18 years of daily groundwater head and stream discharge data to evaluate the surface–groundwater interactions in semi-arid, ∼80 km2 granitic Sardon hilly catchment in Spain characterized by shallow water table conditions, relatively low storage, dense drainage networks and frequent, high intensity rainfall. The following hydrological observations for the Sardon Catchment, and more generally for HRSs were made: (i) significant bi-directional vertical flows occur between surface water and groundwater throughout the HRSs; (ii) relatively large groundwater recharge represents 16% of precipitation (P, 562 mm.y−1) and large groundwater exfiltration (∼11% of P) results in short groundwater flow paths due to a dense network of streams, low permeability and hilly topographic relief; deep, long groundwater flow paths constitute a smaller component of the water budget (∼1% of P); quite high groundwater evapotranspiration (∼5% of P and ∼7% of total evapotranspiration); low permeability and shallow soils are the main reasons for relatively large components of Hortonian flow and interflow (15% and 11% of P, respectively); (iii) the majority of drainage from the catchment leaves as surface water; (iv) declining 18 years trend (4.44 mm.y−1) of groundwater storage; and (v) large spatio-temporal variability of water fluxes. This IHM study of HRSs provides greater understanding of these relatively unknown hydrologic systems that are widespread throughout the world and are important for water resources in many regions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.05.026","usgsCitation":"Hassan, S.T., Lubczynski, M., Niswonger, R., and Zhongbo, S., 2014, Surface-groundwater interactions in hard rocks in Sardon Catchment of western Spain: an integrated modeling approach: Journal of Hydrology, v. 517, p. 390-410, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.05.026.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"390","endPage":"410","numberOfPages":"21","ipdsId":"IP-052114","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290424,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290423,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.05.026"}],"country":"Spain","otherGeospatial":"Sardon Catchment","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -8.0,40.0 ], [ -8.0,42.0 ], [ -6.0,42.0 ], [ -6.0,40.0 ], [ -8.0,40.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"517","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd75d2e4b0b2908510a805","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hassan, S.M. Tanvir","contributorId":17919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hassan","given":"S.M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Tanvir","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lubczynski, Maciek W.","contributorId":54118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lubczynski","given":"Maciek W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Niswonger, Richard G.","contributorId":45402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niswonger","given":"Richard G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhongbo, Su","contributorId":49276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhongbo","given":"Su","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70095010,"text":"ds813 - 2014 - Geohydrologic and water-quality data in the vicinity of the Rialto-Colton Fault, San Bernardino, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-28T21:25:52.947634","indexId":"ds813","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-18T08:51:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"813","title":"Geohydrologic and water-quality data in the vicinity of the Rialto-Colton Fault, San Bernardino, California","docAbstract":"The Rialto-Colton Basin is in western San Bernardino County, about 60 miles east of Los Angeles, California. The basin is bounded by faults on the northeast and southwest sides and contains multiple barriers to groundwater flow. The structural geology of the basin leads to complex hydrology. Between 2001 and 2008, in an effort to better understand the complex hydrologic system of the Rialto-Colton Basin, seven multiple-well monitoring sites were constructed. Two to six observation wells were installed in the borehole at each site; a total of 32 observation wells were installed. This report presents geologic, hydrologic, and water-quality data collected from these seven multiple-well monitoring sites.
\nDescriptions of the collected drill cuttings were compiled into lithologic logs for each monitoring site. The lithologic logs are summarized along with the geophysical logs, including gamma-ray, spontaneous potential, resistivity, and electromagnetic induction tool logs. At selected sites, sonic tool logs also were recorded. Periodic water-level measurements are reported, and water-level data are displayed on hydrographs. Water levels at multiple-well monitoring sites in the northern part of the study area differed between the shallow and deep observation wells; in the remaining multiple-well monitoring sites, water levels differed little with depth. Along the southern trace of the Rialto-Colton Fault, water levels are slightly higher east of the fault than west of the fault. Selected water-quality data for 21 of the observation wells show water from wells in the northern and central parts of the study area is calcium-carbonate water. In the southern part of the study area, water from wells screened above 400 feet below land surface is of mixed type or is calcium-carbonate water. Water from wells screened greater than 400 feet below land surface in the southern part of the study area is sodium-carbonate or sodium-mixed anion water. Water from most wells in the study area plots above the Global Meteoric Water Line along an apparent local meteoric water line, indicating the water has not experienced substantial evaporation before infiltration. A few samples from shallow wells in the study area plot slightly to the right of the Global Meteoric Water Line, possibly indicating the water experienced some evaporation before recharge.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds813","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District West Valley Water District","usgsCitation":"Teague, N.F., Brown, A.A., and Woolfenden, L.R., 2014, Geohydrologic and water-quality data in the vicinity of the Rialto-Colton Fault, San Bernardino, California: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 813, ix, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds813.","productDescription":"ix, 76 p.","numberOfPages":"89","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-037038","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504838,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_100417.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":290412,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds813.jpg"},{"id":290404,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/813/"},{"id":290411,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/813/pdf/ds813.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Bernadino","otherGeospatial":"Rialto-Colton Fault","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.424317,34.050113 ], [ -117.424317,34.24764 ], [ -117.164972,34.24764 ], [ -117.164972,34.050113 ], [ -117.424317,34.050113 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5b29e4b0b290850f9d4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Teague, Nicholas F. 0000-0001-5289-1210 nteague@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5289-1210","contributorId":2145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teague","given":"Nicholas","email":"nteague@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Anthony A. 0000-0001-9925-0197 anbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9925-0197","contributorId":5125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Anthony","email":"anbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woolfenden, Linda R. 0000-0003-3500-4709 lrwoolfe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3500-4709","contributorId":1476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woolfenden","given":"Linda","email":"lrwoolfe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70111587,"text":"sir20145108 - 2014 - Preliminary geochemical assessment of water in selected streams, springs, and caves in the Upper Baker and Snake Creek drainages in Great Basin National Park, Nevada, 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-18T21:44:52","indexId":"sir20145108","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-18T08:28:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5108","title":"Preliminary geochemical assessment of water in selected streams, springs, and caves in the Upper Baker and Snake Creek drainages in Great Basin National Park, Nevada, 2009","docAbstract":"Water in caves, discharging from springs, and flowing in streams in the upper Baker and Snake Creek drainages are important natural resources in Great Basin National Park, Nevada. Water and rock samples were collected from 15 sites during February 2009 as part of a series of investigations evaluating the potential for water resource depletion in the park resulting from the current and proposed groundwater withdrawals. This report summarizes general geochemical characteristics of water samples collected from the upper Baker and Snake Creek drainages for eventual use in evaluating possible hydrologic connections between the streams and selected caves and springs discharging in limestone terrain within each watershed.
Generally, water discharging from selected springs in the upper Baker and Snake Creek watersheds is relatively young and, in some cases, has similar chemical characteristics to water collected from associated streams. In the upper Baker Creek drainage, geochemical data suggest possible hydrologic connections between Baker Creek and selected springs and caves along it. The analytical results for water samples collected from Wheelers Deep and Model Caves show characteristics similar to those from Baker Creek, suggesting a hydrologic connection between the creek and caves, a finding previously documented by other researchers. Generally, geochemical evidence does not support a connection between water flowing in Pole Canyon Creek to that in Model Cave, at least not to any appreciable extent. The water sample collected from Rosethorn Spring had relatively high concentrations of many of the constituents sampled as part of this study. This finding was expected as the water from the spring travelled through alluvium prior to being discharged at the surface and, as a result, was provided the opportunity to interact with soil minerals with which it came into contact. Isotopic evidence does not preclude a connection between Baker Creek and the water discharging from Rosethorn Spring. The residence time of water discharging into the caves and from selected springs sampled as part of this study ranged from 10 to 25 years.
Within the upper Snake Creek drainage, the results of this study show geochemical similarities between Snake Creek and Outhouse Spring, Spring Creek Spring, and Squirrel Spring Cave. The strontium isotope ratio (87Sr/86Sr) for intrusive rock samples representative of the Snake Creek drainage were similar to carbonate rock samples. The water sample collected from Snake Creek at the pipeline discharge point had lower strontium concentrations than the sample downstream and a similar 87Sr/86Sr value as the carbonate and intrusive rocks. The chemistry of the water sample was considered representative of upstream conditions in Snake Creek and indicates minimal influence of rock dissolution. The results of this study suggest that water discharging from Outlet Spring is not hydrologically connected to Snake Creek but rather is recharged at high altitude(s) within the Snake Creek drainage. These findings for Outlet Spring largely stem from the relatively high specific conductance and chloride concentration, the lightest deuterium (δD) and oxygen-18 (δ18O) values, and the longest calculated residence time (60 to 90 years) relative to any other sample collected as part of this study. With the exception of water sampled from Outlet Spring, the residence time of water discharging into Squirrel Spring Cave and selected springs in the upper Snake Creek drainage was less than 30 years.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145108","collaboration":"In Cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Paul, A.P., Thodal, C.E., Baker, G.M., Lico, M.S., and Prudic, D.E., 2014, Preliminary geochemical assessment of water in selected streams, springs, and caves in the Upper Baker and Snake Creek drainages in Great Basin National Park, Nevada, 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5108, viii, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145108.","productDescription":"viii, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-033215","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290410,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145108.jpg"},{"id":290403,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5108/"},{"id":290409,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5108/pdf/sir2014-5108.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.4 MB","description":"Report"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator Projection, Zone 11","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Baker Creek, Great Basin National Park, Snake Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.400291,38.759973 ], [ -114.400291,39.105288 ], [ -114.020233,39.105288 ], [ -114.020233,38.759973 ], [ -114.400291,38.759973 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6cc2e4b0b29085104c02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paul, Angela P. 0000-0003-3909-1598 appaul@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3909-1598","contributorId":2305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paul","given":"Angela","email":"appaul@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thodal, Carl E. 0000-0003-0782-3280 cethodal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0782-3280","contributorId":2292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thodal","given":"Carl","email":"cethodal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baker, Gretchen M.","contributorId":54894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Gretchen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lico, Michael S.","contributorId":75897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lico","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Prudic, David E. deprudic@usgs.gov","contributorId":3430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prudic","given":"David","email":"deprudic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70114887,"text":"sir20145119 - 2014 - Hydrogeologic framework and groundwater/surface-water interactions of the upper Yakima River Basin, Kittitas County, central Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-17T15:11:58","indexId":"sir20145119","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-17T14:58:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5119","title":"Hydrogeologic framework and groundwater/surface-water interactions of the upper Yakima River Basin, Kittitas County, central Washington","docAbstract":"The hydrogeology, hydrology, and geochemistry of groundwater and surface water in the upper (western) 860 square miles of the Yakima River Basin in Kittitas County, Washington, were studied to evaluate the groundwater-flow system, occurrence and availability of groundwater, and the extent of groundwater/surface-water interactions. The study area ranged in altitude from 7,960 feet in its headwaters in the Cascade Range to 1,730 feet at the confluence of the Yakima River with Swauk Creek. A west-to-east precipitation gradient exists in the basin with the western, high-altitude headwaters of the basin receiving more than 100 inches of precipitation per year and the eastern, low-altitude part of the basin receiving about 20 inches of precipitation per year. From the early 20th century onward, reservoirs in the upper part of the basin (for example, Keechelus, Kachess, and Cle Elum Lakes) have been managed to store snowmelt for irrigation in the greater Yakima River Basin. Canals transport water from these reservoirs for irrigation in the study area; additional water use is met through groundwater withdrawals from wells and surface-water withdrawals from streams and rivers. Estimated groundwater use for domestic, commercial, and irrigation purposes is reported for the study area.
\nA complex assemblage of sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous bedrock underlies the study area. In a structural basin in the southeastern part of the study area, the bedrock is overlain by unconsolidated sediments of glacial and alluvial origin. Rocks and sediments were grouped into six hydrogeologic units based on their lithologic and hydraulic characteristics. A map of their extent was developed from previous geologic mapping and lithostratigraphic information from drillers’ logs. Water flows through interstitial space in unconsolidated sediments, but largely flows through fractures and other sources of secondary porosity in bedrock. Generalized groundwater-flow directions within the unconfined part of the aquifers in unconsolidated sediments indicate generalized groundwater movement toward the Yakima River and its tributaries and the outlet of the study area.
\nGroundwater movement through fractures within the bedrock aquifers is complex and varies over spatial scales depending on the architecture of the fracture-flow system and its hydraulic properties. The complexity of the fracturedbedrock groundwater-flow system is supported by a wide range of groundwater ages determined from geochemical analyses of carbon-14, sulfur hexafluoride, and tritium in groundwater. These geochemical data also indicate that the shallow groundwater system is actively flushing with young, isotopically heavy groundwater, but isotopicallylight, Pleistocene-age groundwater with a geochemicallyevolved composition occurs at depth within the fracturedbedrock aquifers of upper Kittitas County. An eastward depletion of stable isotopes in groundwater is consistent with hydrologically separate subbasins. This suggests that groundwater that recharges in one subbasin is not generally available for withdrawal or discharge into surface-water features within other subbasins. Water budget components were calculated for 11 subbasins using a watershed model and varied based on the climate, land uses, and geology of the subbasin.
\nSynoptic streamflow measurements made in August 2011 indicate that groundwater discharges into several tributaries of the Yakima River with several losses of streamflow measured where the streams exit bedrock uplands and flow over unconsolidated sediments. Profiles of stream temperature during late summer suggest cool groundwater inflow over discrete sections of streams. This groundwater/surfacewater connection is further supported by the stable-isotope composition of stream water, which reflects the local stableisotope composition of groundwater measured at some wells and springs.
\nCollectively, these hydrogeologic, hydrologic, and geochemical data support a framework for evaluating the potential effects of future groundwater appropriations on senior surface-water and groundwater rights and streamflows. Although total pumping rates in upper Kittitas County of about 3.5 cubic feet per second are small relative to other components of the water budget, the magnitude, timing, and location of withdrawals may have important effects on the hydrologic system. The heterogeneous and variably fractured bedrock in the study area precluded a detailed evaluation of localized effects of pumping, but several generalizations about the groundwater and surface-water systems can be made. These generalizations include evidence for the continuity between the groundwater and surface-water system apparent from synoptic streamflow measurements, stream-temperature profiles, and stable-isotope data of groundwater and surface waters.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145119","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Washington State Department of Ecology and Kittitas County","usgsCitation":"Gendaszek, A.S., Ely, D.M., Hinkle, S.R., Kahle, S.C., and Welch, W.B., 2014, Hydrogeologic framework and groundwater/surface-water interactions of the upper Yakima River Basin, Kittitas County, central Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5119, Report: viii, 65 p.; 2 Plates: 24.81 x 19.87 inches and 32.18 x 17.90 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145119.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 65 p.; 2 Plates: 24.81 x 19.87 inches and 32.18 x 17.90 inches","numberOfPages":"78","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-043573","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290395,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145119.jpg"},{"id":290394,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5119/pdf/sir20145119_Plate02.pdf"},{"id":290391,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5119/"},{"id":290392,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5119/pdf/sir2014-5119.pdf"},{"id":290393,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5119/pdf/sir20145119_Plate01.pdf"}],"projection":"NSRS2007 Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 10N","datum":"North American Datum 1983 NSR2007","country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Kittitas County","otherGeospatial":"Yakima River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.5,47.083333 ], [ -121.5,47.583333 ], [ -120.5,47.583333 ], [ -120.5,47.083333 ], [ -121.5,47.083333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd610be4b0b290850fd4f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gendaszek, Andrew S. 0000-0002-2373-8986 agendasz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2373-8986","contributorId":3509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gendaszek","given":"Andrew","email":"agendasz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ely, D. Matthew","contributorId":100052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hinkle, Stephen R. srhinkle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkle","given":"Stephen","email":"srhinkle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kahle, Sue C. 0000-0003-1262-4446 sckahle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1262-4446","contributorId":3096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kahle","given":"Sue","email":"sckahle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Welch, Wendy B. wwelch@usgs.gov","contributorId":1645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"Wendy","email":"wwelch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70108343,"text":"ofr20141091 - 2014 - Documentation for the 2014 update of the United States national seismic hazard maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-08T12:12:27","indexId":"ofr20141091","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-17T08:46:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1091","title":"Documentation for the 2014 update of the United States national seismic hazard maps","docAbstract":"The national seismic hazard maps for the conterminous United States have been updated to account for new methods, models, and data that have been obtained since the 2008 maps were released (Petersen and others, 2008). The input models are improved from those implemented in 2008 by using new ground motion models that have incorporated about twice as many earthquake strong ground shaking data and by incorporating many additional scientific studies that indicate broader ranges of earthquake source and ground motion models. These time-independent maps are shown for 2-percent and 10-percent probability of exceedance in 50 years for peak horizontal ground acceleration as well as 5-hertz and 1-hertz spectral accelerations with 5-percent damping on a uniform firm rock site condition (760 meters per second shear wave velocity in the upper 30 m, VS30). In this report, the 2014 updated maps are compared with the 2008 version of the maps and indicate changes of plus or minus 20 percent over wide areas, with larger changes locally, caused by the modifications to the seismic source and ground motion inputs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141091","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M.D., Moschetti, M.P., Powers, P.M., Mueller, C.S., Haller, K., Frankel, A.D., Zeng, Y., Rezaeian, S., Harmsen, S., Boyd, O.S., Field, E., Chen, R., Rukstales, K.S., Luco, N., Wheeler, R.L., Williams, R., and Olsen, A.H., 2014, Documentation for the 2014 update of the United States national seismic hazard maps: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1091, xii, 243 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141091.","productDescription":"xii, 243 p.","numberOfPages":"255","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052282","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438751,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9P77LGZ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data Release for the 2014 National Seismic Hazard Model for the 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wheeler@usgs.gov","contributorId":858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Russell","email":"wheeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Williams, Robert A. rawilliams@usgs.gov","contributorId":1357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Robert A.","email":"rawilliams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":301,"text":"Geologic Hazards Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":494008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Olsen, Anna H. aolsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":4703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Anna","email":"aolsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}} ,{"id":70114919,"text":"ds864 - 2014 - Site-characteristic and hydrologic data for selected wells and springs on Federal land in Clark County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-17T08:44:50","indexId":"ds864","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-17T08:39:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"864","title":"Site-characteristic and hydrologic data for selected wells and springs on Federal land in Clark County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Site-characteristic and hydrologic data for selected wells and springs on U.S. Bureau of Land Management, National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and U.S. Forest Service land in Clark County, Nevada, were updated in the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water Information System (NWIS) to facilitate multi-agency research. Data were researched and reviewed, sites were visited, and NWIS data were updated for 231 wells and 198 springs, including 36 wells and 67 springs that were added to NWIS and 44 duplicate sites that were deleted. The site-characteristic and hydrologic data collected, reviewed, edited, and added to NWIS include locations, well water levels, spring discharges, and water chemistry. Site-characteristic and hydrologic data can be accessed from links to the NWIS web interface; data not available through the web interface are presented in appendixes to this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds864","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Pavelko, M.T., 2014, Site-characteristic and hydrologic data for selected wells and springs on Federal land in Clark County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 864, Report: iv, 18 p.; 2 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds864.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 18 p.; 2 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-041691","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290341,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds864.jpg"},{"id":290340,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/864/downloads/ds864_appendix2_2.xlsx"},{"id":290338,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/864/pdf/ds864.pdf"},{"id":290332,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/864/"},{"id":290339,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/864/downloads/ds864_appendix1_2.xlsx"}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic Projection","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Clark County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.8969,35.0019 ], [ -115.8969,36.8537 ], [ -114.0428,36.8537 ], [ -114.0428,35.0019 ], [ -115.8969,35.0019 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7304e4b0b29085108ac9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pavelko, Michael T. 0000-0002-8323-3998 mpavelko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8323-3998","contributorId":2321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavelko","given":"Michael","email":"mpavelko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70111061,"text":"ds767 - 2014 - EAARL-B coastal topography: eastern New Jersey, Hurricane Sandy, 2012: first surface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-19T13:14:00","indexId":"ds767","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-17T08:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"767","title":"EAARL-B coastal topography: eastern New Jersey, Hurricane Sandy, 2012: first surface","docAbstract":"These remotely sensed, geographically referenced elevation measurements of lidar-derived first-surface (FS) topography datasets were produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida.
\nThis project provides highly detailed and accurate datasets for a portion of the New Jersey coastline beachface, acquired pre-Hurricane Sandy on October 26, and post-Hurricane Sandy on November 1 and November 5, 2012. The datasets are made available for use as a management tool to research scientists and natural-resource managers. An innovative airborne lidar system, known as the second-generation Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL-B), was used during data acquisition. The EAARL-B system is a raster-scanning, waveform-resolving, green-wavelength (532-nm) lidar designed to map nearshore bathymetry, topography, and vegetation structure simultaneously. The EAARL-B sensor suite includes the raster-scanning, water-penetrating full-waveform adaptive lidar, down-looking red-green-blue (RGB) and infrared (IR) digital cameras, two precision dual-frequency kinematic carrier-phase GPS receivers, and an integrated miniature digital inertial measurement unit, which provide for sub-meter georeferencing of each laser sample. The nominal EAARL-B platform is a twin-engine Cessna 310 aircraft, but the instrument may be deployed on a range of light aircraft. A single pilot, a lidar operator, and a data analyst constitute the crew for most survey operations. This sensor has the potential to make significant contributions in measuring sub-aerial and submarine coastal topography within cross-environmental surveys.
\nElevation measurements were collected over the survey area using the EAARL-B system. The resulting data were then processed using the Airborne Lidar Processing System (ALPS), a custom-built processing system developed in a NASA-USGS collaboration. ALPS supports the exploration and processing of lidar data in an interactive or batch mode. Modules for presurvey flight-line definition, flight-path plotting, lidar raster and waveform investigation, and digital camera image playback have been developed. Processing algorithms have been developed to extract the range to the first and last significant return within each waveform. ALPS is used routinely to create maps that represent submerged or sub-aerial topography. Specialized filtering algorithms have been implemented to determine the \"bare earth\" under vegetation from a point cloud of last return elevations.
\nFor more information about similar projects, please visit the Lidar for Science and Resource Management Web site.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds767","usgsCitation":"Wright, C.W., Fredericks, X., Troche, R.J., Klipp, E.S., Kranenburg, C., and Nagle, D.B., 2014, EAARL-B coastal topography: eastern New Jersey, Hurricane Sandy, 2012: first surface (Originally posted July 15, 2014; Revised and reposted August 18, 2014, version 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 767, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds767.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045296","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290337,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds767.jpg"},{"id":290331,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/767/"},{"id":290336,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/767/html/home.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.0504,38.8964 ], [ -75.0504,40.5775 ], [ -73.4996,40.5775 ], [ -73.4996,38.8964 ], [ -75.0504,38.8964 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Originally posted July 15, 2014; Revised and reposted August 18, 2014, version 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd55f9e4b0b290850f6a2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, C. Wayne wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":57422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fredericks, Xan","contributorId":35704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredericks","given":"Xan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Troche, Rodolfo J. rtroche@usgs.gov","contributorId":4304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troche","given":"Rodolfo","email":"rtroche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klipp, Emily S. eklipp@usgs.gov","contributorId":2754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klipp","given":"Emily","email":"eklipp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kranenburg, Christine J.","contributorId":91412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kranenburg","given":"Christine J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nagle, David B. 0000-0002-2306-6147 dnagle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2306-6147","contributorId":3380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagle","given":"David","email":"dnagle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70190231,"text":"70190231 - 2014 - Movements and demography of spawning American Shad in the Penobscot River, Maine, prior to dam removal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-18T17:22:45","indexId":"70190231","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movements and demography of spawning American Shad in the Penobscot River, Maine, prior to dam removal","docAbstract":"We conducted a baseline study to better understand the migratory movements and age and spawning histories of American Shad Alosa sapidissima in the Penobscot River, Maine. The Penobscot River is currently undergoing a major dam removal project that is focused on restoring migratory connectivity and recovering diadromous fish populations including American Shad. This study addresses key data gaps for a previously unstudied native population of shad prior to restoration. A combination of radio- (n = 70) and acoustic telemetry (n = 14) was used to investigate the movements of migratory adult fish in 2010 and 2011. Scale-based analyses were used to assess spawner age and iteroparity. Radiotelemetry results indicated that few tagged fish (5–8%) approached the head-of-tide dam. Tagged fish exhibited three general patterns of movement in the accessible freshwater river habitat: use of the upper river reach, the lower river reach, or both. Mean freshwater residence time ranged from 9.1 to 14.0 d. Congregating fish were observed at two sites in the upper river reach and spawning activity was observed. Freshwater survival and survival to the estuary were at least 71%. This observed high survival was consistent with the estimated age and spawning histories of tracked fish, which indicated that 75–95% of the sampled fish were repeat spawners. Estimated age of adult migrants ranged from age 4 to age 9. Postspawning acoustic-tagged American Shad exhibited a series of prolonged upstream and downstream reversals upon entering the lower estuary. These movements have been previously unreported, and suggest that estuarine residency after spawning is important to osmoregulatory acclimatization for re-entry into salt water and the resumption of postspawning feeding activity.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2013.864705","usgsCitation":"Grote, A.B., Bailey, M.M., and Zydlewski, J.D., 2014, Movements and demography of spawning American Shad in the Penobscot River, Maine, prior to dam removal: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 143, no. 2, p. 552-563, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2013.864705.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"552","endPage":"563","ipdsId":"IP-046151","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344968,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"143","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5997fc9ee4b0b589267cd21c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grote, Ann B.","contributorId":169715,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grote","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bailey, Michael M.","contributorId":169684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bailey","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":25572,"text":"University of Maine, Orono","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":708071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":708038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188040,"text":"70188040 - 2014 - Mapping forest height in Alaska using GLAS, Landsat composites, and airborne LiDAR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T16:11:15","indexId":"70188040","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping forest height in Alaska using GLAS, Landsat composites, and airborne LiDAR","docAbstract":"Vegetation structure, including forest canopy height, is an important input variable to fire behavior modeling systems for simulating wildfire behavior. As such, forest canopy height is one of a nationwide suite of products generated by the LANDFIRE program. In the past, LANDFIRE has relied on a combination of field observations and Landsat imagery to develop existing vegetation structure products. The paucity of field data in the remote Alaskan forests has led to a very simple forest canopy height classification for the original LANDFIRE forest height map. To better meet the needs of data users and refine the map legend, LANDFIRE incorporated ICESat Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) data into the updating process when developing the LANDFIRE 2010 product. The high latitude of this region enabled dense coverage of discrete GLAS samples, from which forest height was calculated. Different methods for deriving height from the GLAS waveform data were applied, including an attempt to correct for slope. These methods were then evaluated and integrated into the final map according to predefined criteria. The resulting map of forest canopy height includes more height classes than the original map, thereby better depicting the heterogeneity of the landscape, and provides seamless data for fire behavior analysts and other users of LANDFIRE data.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs61212409","usgsCitation":"Peterson, B., and Nelson, K., 2014, Mapping forest height in Alaska using GLAS, Landsat composites, and airborne LiDAR: Remote Sensing, v. 6, no. 125, p. 12409-12426, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs61212409.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"12409","endPage":"12426","ipdsId":"IP-057857","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472873,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs61212409","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341884,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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lake-talik formation. Numerical modeling scenarios are evaluated that consider non-isothermal hydrologic responses to variable forcing from different lake depths and for different hydrologic gradients. A novel physical property relationship connects the dynamic distribution of electrical resistivity to ice saturation and temperature outputs from the SUTRA groundwater simulator with freeze–thaw physics. The influence of lithology on electrical resistivity is controlled by a surface conduction term in the physical property relationship. Resistivity models, which reflect changes in subsurface conditions, are used as inputs to simulate AEM data in order to explore the sensitivity of geophysical observations to permafrost thaw. Simulations of sublacustrine talik formation over a 1000-year period are modeled after conditions found in the Yukon Flats, Alaska. Synthetic AEM data are analyzed with a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm that quantifies geophysical parameter uncertainty and resolution. Major lithological and permafrost features are well resolved by AEM data in the examples considered. The subtle geometry of partial ice saturation beneath lakes during talik formation cannot be resolved using AEM data, but the gross characteristics of sub-lake resistivity models reflect bulk changes in ice content and can identify the presence of a talik. A final synthetic example compares AEM and ground-based electromagnetic responses for their ability to resolve shallow permafrost and thaw features in the upper 1–2 m below ground outside the lake margin.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/tc-9-781-2015","usgsCitation":"Minsley, B.J., Wellman, T., Walvoord, M.A., and Revil, A., 2014, Sensitivity of airborne geophysical data to sublacustrine and near-surface permafrost thaw: The Cryosphere, v. 9, p. 781-794, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-781-2015.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"781","endPage":"794","ipdsId":"IP-059164","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-781-2015","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343171,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595611c1e4b0d1f9f05067a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minsley, Burke J. 0000-0003-1689-1306 bminsley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1689-1306","contributorId":697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minsley","given":"Burke","email":"bminsley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wellman, Tristan 0000-0003-3049-6214 twellman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3049-6214","contributorId":2166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellman","given":"Tristan","email":"twellman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle Ann 0000-0003-4269-8366 walvoord@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":147211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"walvoord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Revil, Andre","contributorId":194008,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Revil","given":"Andre","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70169080,"text":"70169080 - 2014 - Estimating landscape resistance to dispersal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-10T09:50:31","indexId":"70169080","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-16T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating landscape resistance to dispersal","docAbstract":"Dispersal is an inherently spatial process that can be affected by habitat conditions in sites encountered by dispersers. Understanding landscape resistance to dispersal is important in connectivity studies and reserve design, but most existing methods use resistance functions with cost parameters that are subjectively chosen by the investigator. We develop an analytic approach allowing for direct estimation of resistance parameters that folds least cost path methods typically used in simulation approaches into a formal statistical model of dispersal distributions. The core of our model is a frequency distribution of dispersal distances expressed as least cost distance rather than Euclidean distance, and which includes terms for feature-specific costs to dispersal and sex (or other traits) of the disperser. The model requires only origin and settlement locations for multiple individuals, such as might be obtained from mark–recapture studies or parentage analyses, and maps of the relevant habitat features. To evaluate whether the model can estimate parameters correctly, we fit our model to data from simulated dispersers in three kinds of landscapes (in which resistance of environmental variables was categorical, continuous with a patchy configuration, or continuous in a trend pattern). We found maximum likelihood estimators of resistance and individual trait parameters to be approximately unbiased with moderate sample sizes. We applied the model to a small grizzly bear dataset to demonstrate how this approach could be used when the primary interest is in the prediction of costs and found that estimates were consistent with expectations based on bear ecology. Our method has important practical applications for testing hypotheses about dispersal ecology and can be used to inform connectivity planning efforts, via the resistance estimates and confidence intervals, which can be used to create a data-driven resistance surface.
\n","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10980-014-0056-5","usgsCitation":"Graves, T.A., Chandler, R.B., Royle, J., Beier, P., and Kendall, K.C., 2014, Estimating landscape resistance to dispersal: Landscape Ecology, v. 29, no. 7, p. 1201-1211, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-014-0056-5.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1201","endPage":"1211","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057965","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318913,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ea83aee4b0f59b85d90cf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graves, Tabitha A. 0000-0001-5145-2400 tgraves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5145-2400","contributorId":5898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"Tabitha","email":"tgraves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chandler, Richard B. rchandler@usgs.gov","contributorId":63524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"Richard","email":"rchandler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167 aroyle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":138865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","email":"aroyle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":622817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beier, Paul","contributorId":100708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beier","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kendall, Katherine C. 0000-0002-4831-2287 kkendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4831-2287","contributorId":3081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Katherine","email":"kkendall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70101785,"text":"gip157 - 2014 - WaterQualityWatch and water-quality information bookmark","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-30T08:18:30","indexId":"gip157","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-16T08:55:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"157","title":"WaterQualityWatch and water-quality information bookmark","docAbstract":"
WaterQualityWatch is an online resource of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) that provides access to continuous real-time measurements of water temperature, specific electrical conductance, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and nitrate at selected data-collection stations throughout the Nation. Additional online resources of the USGS that pertain to various types of water-quality information are shown on the reverse side of this bookmark.
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moment tensors to constrain the kinematics and stress evolution of the 2010–2013 Canterbury earthquake sequence, South Island, New Zealand","docAbstract":"On September 3, 2010, a MW 7.0 (U.S. Geological Survey moment magnitude) earthquake ruptured across the Canterbury Plains in South Island, New Zealand. Since then, New Zealand GNS Science has recorded over 10,000 aftershocks ML 2.0 and larger, including three destructive ~ MW 6.0 earthquakes near Christchurch. We treat the Canterbury earthquake sequence as an intraplate earthquake sequence, and compare its kinematics to an Andersonian model for fault slip in a uniform stress field. We determined moment magnitudes and double couple solutions for 150 earthquakes having MW 3.7 and larger through the use of a waveform inversion technique using data from broadband seismic stations on South Island, New Zealand. The majority (126) of these double couple solutions have strike-slip focal mechanisms, with right-lateral slip on ENE fault planes or equivalently left-lateral slip on SSE fault planes. The remaining focal mechanisms indicate reverse faulting, except for two normal faulting events. The strike-slip segments have compatible orientations for slip in a stress field with a horizontal σ1 oriented ~ N115°E, and horizontal σ3. The preference for right lateral strike-slip earthquakes suggests that these structures are inherited from previous stages of deformation. Reverse slip is interpreted to have occurred on previously existing structures in regions with an absence of existing structures optimally oriented for strike-slip deformation. Despite the variations in slip direction and faulting style, most aftershocks had nearly the same P-axis orientation, consistent with the regional σ1. There is no evidence for significant changes in these stress orientations throughout the Canterbury earthquake sequence.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2014.06.019","usgsCitation":"Herman, M.W., Herrmann, R.B., Benz, H.M., and Furlong, K.P., 2014, Using regional moment tensors to constrain the kinematics and stress evolution of the 2010–2013 Canterbury earthquake sequence, South Island, New Zealand: Tectonophysics, v. 633, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2014.06.019.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","ipdsId":"IP-057880","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342631,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"New Zealand","otherGeospatial":"South Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 166.11328125,\n -47.50235895196859\n ],\n [\n 174.77050781249997,\n -47.50235895196859\n ],\n [\n 174.77050781249997,\n -40.49709237269566\n ],\n [\n 166.11328125,\n -40.49709237269566\n ],\n [\n 166.11328125,\n -47.50235895196859\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"633","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5948e2a7e4b062508e354c71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herman, Matthew W. mherman@usgs.gov","contributorId":5337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"Matthew","email":"mherman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herrmann, Robert B. rherrmann@usgs.gov","contributorId":5609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrmann","given":"Robert","email":"rherrmann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":698633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benz, Harley M. 0000-0002-6860-2134 benz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-2134","contributorId":794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"Harley","email":"benz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Furlong, Kevin P. 0000-0002-2674-5110","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2674-5110","contributorId":19576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Furlong","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70188874,"text":"70188874 - 2014 - A mechanistic modeling and data assimilation framework for Mojave Desert ecohydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T10:04:30","indexId":"70188874","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A mechanistic modeling and data assimilation framework for Mojave Desert ecohydrology","docAbstract":"This study demonstrates and addresses challenges in coupled ecohydrological modeling in deserts, which arise due to unique plant adaptations, marginal growing conditions, slow net primary production rates, and highly variable rainfall. We consider model uncertainty from both structural and parameter errors and present a mechanistic model for the shrub Larrea tridentata (creosote bush) under conditions found in the Mojave National Preserve in southeastern California (USA). Desert-specific plant and soil features are incorporated into the CLM-CN model by Oleson et al. (2010). We then develop a data assimilation framework using the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) to estimate model parameters based on soil moisture and leaf-area index observations. A new implementation procedure, the “multisite loop EnKF,” tackles parameter estimation difficulties found to affect desert ecohydrological applications. Specifically, the procedure iterates through data from various observation sites to alleviate adverse filter impacts from non-Gaussianity in small desert vegetation state values. It also readjusts inconsistent parameters and states through a model spin-up step that accounts for longer dynamical time scales due to infrequent rainfall in deserts. Observation error variance inflation may also be needed to help prevent divergence of estimates from true values. Synthetic test results highlight the importance of adequate observations for reducing model uncertainty, which can be achieved through data quality or quantity.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014WR015281","usgsCitation":"Ng, G.C., Bedford, D., and Miller, D., 2014, A mechanistic modeling and data assimilation framework for Mojave Desert ecohydrology: Water Resources Research, v. 50, no. 6, p. 4662-4685, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015281.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"4662","endPage":"4685","ipdsId":"IP-055966","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472877,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014wr015281","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342944,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.675,\n 35.175\n ],\n [\n -115.516667,\n 35.175\n ],\n [\n -115.516667,\n 34.983333\n ],\n [\n -115.675,\n 34.983333\n ],\n [\n -115.675,\n 35.175\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59536eade4b062508e3c7aa5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ng, Gene-Hua Crystal gng@usgs.gov","contributorId":5313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ng","given":"Gene-Hua","email":"gng@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Crystal","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bedford, David dbedford@usgs.gov","contributorId":140767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedford","given":"David","email":"dbedford@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":140769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70116679,"text":"70116679 - 2014 - Wolf population regulation revisited: again","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T10:56:36","indexId":"70116679","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-15T12:38:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wolf population regulation revisited: again","docAbstract":"The long-accepted conclusion that wolf density is regulated by nutrition was recently challenged, and the conclusion was reached that, at greater levels of prey biomass, social factors such as intraspecific strife and territoriality tend to regulate wolf density. We reanalyzed the data used in that study for 2 reasons: 1) we disputed the use of 2 data points, and 2) because of recognized heteroscedasticity, we used weighted-regression analysis instead of the unweighted regressions used in the original study. We concluded that the data do not support the hypothesis that wolf densities are regulated by social factors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.744","usgsCitation":"McRoberts, R.E., and Mech, L.D., 2014, Wolf population regulation revisited: again: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 78, no. 6, p. 963-967, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.744.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"963","endPage":"967","ipdsId":"IP-051047","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290132,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290130,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.744"}],"volume":"78","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c63f57e4b0001bd514772f","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/jwmg.744","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.744","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Mcroberts Ronald E., Mech L. 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David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70108083,"text":"ofr20141104 - 2014 - Discharge, water quality, and native fish abundance in the Virgin River, Utah, Nevada, and Arizona, in support of Pah Tempe Springs discharge remediation efforts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T15:19:55","indexId":"ofr20141104","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-15T12:32:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1104","title":"Discharge, water quality, and native fish abundance in the Virgin River, Utah, Nevada, and Arizona, in support of Pah Tempe Springs discharge remediation efforts","docAbstract":"Pah Tempe Springs discharge hot, saline, low dissolved-oxygen water to the Virgin River in southwestern Utah, which is transported downstream to Lake Mead and the Colorado River. The dissolved salts in the Virgin River negatively influence the suitability of this water for downstream agricultural, municipal, and industrial use. Therefore, various remediation scenarios to remove the salt load discharged from Pah Tempe Springs to the Virgin River are being considered. One concern about this load removal is the potential to impact the ecology of the Virgin River. Specifically, information is needed regarding possible impacts of Pah Tempe Springs remediation scenarios on the abundance, distribution, and survival of native fish in the Virgin River. Future efforts that aim to quantitatively assess how various remediation scenarios to reduce the load of dissolved salts from Pah Tempe Springs into the Virgin River may influence the abundance, distribution, and survival of native fish will require data on discharge, water quality, and native fish abundance. This report contains organized accessible discharge, water quality, and native fish abundance data sets from the Virgin River, documents the compilation of these data, and discusses approaches for quantifying relations between abiotic physical and chemical conditions, and fish abundance.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141104","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Forum","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.P., Lambert, P.M., and Hardy, T., 2014, Discharge, water quality, and native fish abundance in the Virgin River, Utah, Nevada, and Arizona, in support of Pah Tempe Springs discharge remediation efforts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1104, Report: v, 16 p.; Appendixes 1-8, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141104.","productDescription":"Report: v, 16 p.; Appendixes 1-8","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-046372","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290133,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141104.JPG"},{"id":290138,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1104/pdf/ofr2014-1104.pdf"},{"id":290131,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1104/"},{"id":290139,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1104/downloads/ofr2014-1104_appendixes.zip","text":"Appendixes 1-8"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Nevada, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Pah Tempe Springs, Virgin River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.03,31.22 ], [ -120.03,42.0 ], [ -108.98,42.0 ], [ -108.98,31.22 ], [ -120.03,31.22 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c63f50e4b0001bd5147729","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Matthew P. 0000-0002-2537-1823 mamiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-1823","contributorId":3919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Matthew","email":"mamiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lambert, Patrick M. 0000-0001-6808-2303 plambert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6808-2303","contributorId":349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"Patrick","email":"plambert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hardy, Thomas B.","contributorId":62936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardy","given":"Thomas B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70104158,"text":"sir20145081 - 2014 - Analysis of potential water-supply management options, 2010-60, and documentation of revisions to the model of the Irwin Basin Aquifer System, Fort Irwin National Training Center, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-15T08:15:52","indexId":"sir20145081","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-14T16:38:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5081","title":"Analysis of potential water-supply management options, 2010-60, and documentation of revisions to the model of the Irwin Basin Aquifer System, Fort Irwin National Training Center, California","docAbstract":"The Fort Irwin National Training Center is considering several alternatives to manage their limited water-supply sources in the Irwin Basin. An existing three-dimensional, finite-difference groundwater-flow model—the U.S. Geological Survey’s MODFLOW—of the aquifer system in the basin was updated and the initial input dataset was supplemented with groundwater withdrawal data for the period 2000–10. The updated model was then used to simulate four combinations, or scenarios, of groundwater withdrawal and recharge over the next 50 years (January 2011 through December 2060). The scenarios included combinations of continuing withdrawals from currently active production wells, supplementing any increases in demand with withdrawals from an inactive production well, reducing withdrawal amounts and rates, and reducing the discharge of treated wastewater to infiltration ponds that provide a recharge source to the underlying aquifer. Results of the simulations indicated that, depending on the scenario implemented, groundwater levels would rise (over the next 50 years) from 40 feet to as much as 65 feet in the northwestern part of the Irwin Basin, and from 5 feet to 10 feet in the southeastern part.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145081","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Fort Irwin National Training Center","usgsCitation":"Voronin, L.M., Densmore, J., and Martin, P., 2014, Analysis of potential water-supply management options, 2010-60, and documentation of revisions to the model of the Irwin Basin Aquifer System, Fort Irwin National Training Center, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5081, viii, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145081.","productDescription":"viii, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-038725","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290011,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145081.jpg"},{"id":290081,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5081/pdf/sir2014-5081.pdf"},{"id":290080,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5081/"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator Projection, Zone 11","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"For Irwin National Training Center","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.75,34.75 ], [ -117.75,35.75 ], [ -116.00,35.75 ], [ -116.00,34.75 ], [ -117.75,34.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c4edd2e4b0b58d96eeb53c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Voronin, Lois M. 0000-0002-1064-1675 lvoronin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1064-1675","contributorId":1475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voronin","given":"Lois","email":"lvoronin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Densmore, Jill N. 0000-0002-5345-6613","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5345-6613","contributorId":89179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Jill N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, Peter pmmartin@usgs.gov","contributorId":799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Peter","email":"pmmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70100275,"text":"sir20145045 - 2014 - Discovery and analysis of time delay sources in the USGS personal computer data collection platform (PCDCP) system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-14T16:16:23","indexId":"sir20145045","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-14T16:12:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5045","title":"Discovery and analysis of time delay sources in the USGS personal computer data collection platform (PCDCP) system","docAbstract":"Intermagnet is an international oversight group which exists to establish a global network for geomagnetic observatories. This group establishes data standards and standard operating procedures for members and prospective members. Intermagnet has proposed a new One-Second Data Standard, for that emerging geomagnetic product. The standard specifies that all data collected must have a time stamp accuracy of ±10 milliseconds of the top-of-the-second Coordinated Universal Time. Therefore, the U.S. Geological Survey Geomagnetism Program has designed and executed several tests on its current data collection system, the Personal Computer Data Collection Platform. Tests are designed to measure the time shifts introduced by individual components within the data collection system, as well as to measure the time shift introduced by the entire Personal Computer Data Collection Platform. Additional testing designed for Intermagnet will be used to validate further such measurements. Current results of the measurements showed a 5.0–19.9 millisecond lag for the vertical channel (Z) of the Personal Computer Data Collection Platform and a 13.0–25.8 millisecond lag for horizontal channels (H and D) of the collection system. These measurements represent a dynamically changing delay introduced within the U.S. Geological Survey Personal Computer Data Collection Platform.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145045","usgsCitation":"White, T.C., Sauter, E.A., and Stewart, D., 2014, Discovery and analysis of time delay sources in the USGS personal computer data collection platform (PCDCP) system: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5045, vi, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145045.","productDescription":"vi, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052931","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290001,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145045.jpg"},{"id":290000,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5045/pdf/sir2014-5045.pdf"},{"id":289999,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5045/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c4edd4e4b0b58d96eeb53e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Timothy C.","contributorId":75859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauter, Edward A. 0000-0001-7541-8506 esauter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7541-8506","contributorId":3773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauter","given":"Edward","email":"esauter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stewart, Duff C.","contributorId":42886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Duff C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70115121,"text":"ofr20141134 - 2014 - Mapping habitat for multiple species in the Desert Southwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-14T15:28:12","indexId":"ofr20141134","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-14T15:11:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1134","title":"Mapping habitat for multiple species in the Desert Southwest","docAbstract":"Many utility scale renewable energy projects are currently proposed across the Mojave Ecoregion. Agencies that manage biological resources throughout this region need to understand the potential impacts of these renewable energy projects and their associated infrastructure (for example, transmission corridors, substations, access roads, etc.) on species movement, genetic exchange among populations, and species’ abilities to adapt to changing environmental conditions. Understanding these factors will help managers’ select appropriate project sites and possibly mitigate for anticipated effects of management activities. We used species distribution models to map habitat for 15 species across the Mojave Ecoregion to aid regional land-use management planning. Models were developed using a common 1 × 1 kilometer resolution with maximum entropy and generalized additive models. Occurrence data were compiled from multiple sources, including VertNet (http://vertnet.org/), HerpNET (http://www.herpnet.org), and MaNIS (http://manisnet.org), as well as from internal U.S. Geological Survey databases and other biologists. Background data included 20 environmental covariates representing terrain, vegetation, and climate covariates. This report summarizes these environmental covariates and species distribution models used to predict habitat for the 15 species across the Mojave Ecoregion.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141134","usgsCitation":"Inman, R., Nussear, K.E., Esque, T., Vandergast, A.G., Hathaway, S.A., Wood, D.A., Barr, K.R., and Fisher, R.N., 2014, Mapping habitat for multiple species in the Desert Southwest: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1134, Report: vi, 92 p.; Species Distribution Models; Environmental Covariates, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141134.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 92 p.; Species Distribution Models; Environmental Covariates","numberOfPages":"102","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-053970","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289984,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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