Zinc is an important trace element pollutant in urban environments; however, the extent of Zn contamination and the sources of urban Zn pollution are often unclear. We measured Zn concentrations and isotopes in sediment cores collected from eight lakes or reservoirs across the United States. We paired these data with historical records of land use within each watershed to calculate a mean Zn concentration and δ66Zn for natural (less than 5% urban land use; 123 ± 21.7 mg/kg; +0.33 ± 0.08‰, n = 6 lakes) and urban (greater than 70% urban land use; 389 ± 200 mg/kg; +0.14 ± 0.07‰, n = 3 lakes) lake sediments. The relation between Zn concentration data and Zn isotope data allows us to create a mixing model between two end members: natural and urban. The δ66Zn of the urban end-member is consistent with Zn pollution from vehicle-related sources (tire wear and emissions). Application of this model to samples collected from lakes recording periods ranging from 5 to 70% urban land use in their surrounding watersheds indicates that the lakes and reservoirs were affected by large amounts of Zn from urban sources.
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Lafayette","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":867361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C. 0000-0001-7564-9814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7564-9814","contributorId":211144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":867362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, Jennifer T. 0000-0003-4481-6354 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their native range in the eastern United States","docAbstract":"The Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis is an important species of conservation concern in the eastern USA. We developed a model to predict Brook Trout population status within individual stream reaches throughout the species’ native range in the eastern USA. We utilized hierarchical logistic regression with Bayesian estimation to predict Brook Trout occurrence probability, and we allowed slopes and intercepts to vary among ecological drainage units (EDUs). Model performance was similar for 7,327 training samples and 1,832 validation samples based on the area under the receiver operating curve (∼0.78) and Cohen's kappa statistic (0.44). Predicted water temperature had a strong negative effect on Brook Trout occurrence probability at the stream reach scale and was also negatively associated with the EDU average probability of Brook Trout occurrence (i.e., EDU-specific intercepts). The effect of soil permeability was positive but decreased as EDU mean soil permeability increased. Brook Trout were less likely to occur in stream reaches surrounded by agricultural or developed land cover, and an interaction suggested that agricultural land cover also resulted in an increased sensitivity to water temperature. Our model provides a further understanding of how Brook Trout are shaped by habitat characteristics in the region and yields maps of stream-reach-scale predictions, which together can be used to support ongoing conservation and management efforts. These decision support tools can be used to identify the extent of potentially suitable habitat, estimate historic habitat losses, and prioritize conservation efforts by selecting suitable stream reaches for a given action. Future work could extend the model to account for additional landscape or habitat characteristics, include biotic interactions, or estimate potential Brook Trout responses to climate and land use changes.
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abundance of rare or elusive species in aquatic systems via the isolation of DNA from environmental samples and the amplification of species-specific sequences using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Co-extracted substances that inhibit qPCR can lead to inaccurate results and subsequent misinterpretation about a species’ status in the tested system. We tested three treatments (5-fold and 10-fold dilutions, and spin-column purification) for reducing qPCR inhibition from 21 partially and fully inhibited eDNA samples collected from coastal plain wetlands and mountain headwater streams in the southeastern USA. All treatments reduced the concentration of DNA in the samples. However, column purified samples retained the greatest sensitivity. For stream samples, all three treatments effectively reduced qPCR inhibition. However, for wetland samples, the 5-fold dilution was less effective than other treatments. Quantitative PCR results for column purified samples were more precise than the 5-fold and 10-fold dilutions by 2.2× and 3.7×, respectively. Column purified samples consistently underestimated qPCR-based DNA concentrations by approximately 25%, whereas the directional bias in qPCR-based DNA concentration estimates differed between stream and wetland samples for both dilution treatments. While the directional bias of qPCR-based DNA concentration estimates differed among treatments and locations, the magnitude of inaccuracy did not. Our results suggest that 10-fold dilution and column purification effectively reduce qPCR inhibition in mountain headwater stream and coastal plain wetland eDNA samples, and if applied to all samples in a study, column purification may provide the most accurate relative qPCR-based DNA concentrations estimates while retaining the greatest assay sensitivity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2014.11.031","usgsCitation":"Mckee, A.M., Spear, S.F., and Pierson, T.W., 2015, The effect of dilution and the use of a post-extraction nucleic acid purification column on the accuracy, precision, and inhibition of environmental DNA samples: Biological Conservation, v. 183, p. 70-76, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.11.031.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"70","endPage":"76","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058140","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297531,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297686,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000632071400456X"}],"volume":"183","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2abfe4b08de9379b31ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mckee, Anna M. amckee@usgs.gov","contributorId":465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mckee","given":"Anna","email":"amckee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spear, Stephen F.","contributorId":120450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spear","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pierson, Todd W.","contributorId":115820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierson","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70141020,"text":"70141020 - 2015 - The role of tidal marsh restoration in fish management in the San Francisco Estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-18T17:34:42.699594","indexId":"70141020","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3331,"text":"San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of tidal marsh restoration in fish management in the San Francisco Estuary","docAbstract":"Tidal marsh restoration is an important management issue in the San Francisco Estuary (estuary). Restoration of large areas of tidal marsh is ongoing or planned in the lower estuary (up to 6,000 ha, Callaway et al. 2011). Large areas are proposed for restoration in the upper estuary under the Endangered Species Act biological opinions (3,237 ha) and the Bay Delta Conservation Plan (26,305 ha). In the lower estuary, tidal marsh has proven its value to a wide array of species that live within it (Palaima 2012). In the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta (Delta), one important function ascribed to restoration of freshwater tidal marshes is that they make large contributions to the food web of fish in open waters (BDCP 2013). The Ecosystem Restoration Program ascribed a suite of ecological functions to tidal marsh restoration, including habitat and food web benefits to native fish (CDFW 2010). This background was the basis for a symposium, Tidal Marshes and Native Fishes in the Delta: Will Restoration Make a Difference? held at the University of California, Davis, on June 10, 2013. This paper summarizes conclusions the authors drew from the symposium.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of California","doi":"10.15447/sfews.2014v12iss1art1","usgsCitation":"Herbold, B., Baltz, D., Brown, L.R., Grossinger, R., Kimmerer, W.J., Lehman, P.W., Simenstad, C.A., Wilcox, C., and Nobriga, M.L., 2015, The role of tidal marsh restoration in fish management in the San Francisco Estuary: San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, v. 12, no. 1, e1147j4nz, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2014v12iss1art1.","productDescription":"e1147j4nz, 6 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-048990","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472453,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2014v12iss1art1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":381505,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.98645019531249,\n 37.413800350662875\n ],\n [\n -122.98645019531249,\n 38.238180119798635\n ],\n [\n -121.915283203125,\n 38.238180119798635\n ],\n [\n -121.915283203125,\n 37.413800350662875\n ],\n [\n -122.98645019531249,\n 37.413800350662875\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ac2e4b08de9379b31e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herbold, Bruce","contributorId":51223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herbold","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baltz, Donald","contributorId":139252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baltz","given":"Donald","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grossinger, Robin","contributorId":139253,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grossinger","given":"Robin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12703,"text":"San Francisco Estuary Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kimmerer, Wim J.","contributorId":59169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimmerer","given":"Wim","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6690,"text":"San Francisco State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lehman, Peggy W.","contributorId":96168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lehman","given":"Peggy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7101,"text":"California Department of Water Resources, Geodetic Branch","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Simenstad, Charles A.","contributorId":88477,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simenstad","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wilcox, Carl","contributorId":139255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Carl","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6952,"text":"California Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Nobriga, Matthew L.","contributorId":139254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nobriga","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70134236,"text":"70134236 - 2015 - BET surface area distributions in polar stream sediments: Implications for silicate weathering in a cold-arid environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-21T17:26:21.88861","indexId":"70134236","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-25T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"BET surface area distributions in polar stream sediments: Implications for silicate weathering in a cold-arid environment","docAbstract":"BET surface area values are critical for quantifying the amount of potentially reactive sediments available for chemical weathering and ultimately, prediction of silicate weathering fluxes. BET surface area values of fine-grained (<62.5 μm) sediment from the hyporheic zone of polar glacial streams in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (Wright and Taylor Valleys) exhibit a wide range (2.5–70.6 m2/g) of surface area values. Samples from one (Delta Stream, Taylor Valley) of the four sampled stream transects exhibit high values (up to 70.6 m2/g), which greatly exceed surface area values from three temperate proglacial streams (0.3–12.1 m2/g). Only Clark stream in Wright Valley exhibits a robust trend with distance, wherein surface area systematically decreases (and particle size increases) in the mud fraction downstream, interpreted to reflect rapid dissolution processes in the weathering environment. The remaining transects exhibit a range in variability in surface area distributions along the length of the channel, likely related to variations in eolian input to exposed channel beds, adjacent snow drifts, and to glacier surfaces, where dust is trapped and subsequently liberated during summer melting. Additionally, variations in stream discharge rate, which mobilizes sediment in pulses and influences water:rock ratios, the origin and nature of the underlying drift material, and the contribution of organic acids may play significant roles in the production and mobilization of high-surface area sediment. This study highlights the presence of sediments with high surface area in cold-based glacier systems, which influences models of chemical denudation rates and the impact of glacial systems on the global carbon cycle.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.11.005","usgsCitation":"Marra, K.R., Elwood Madden, M.E., Soreghan, G.S., and Hall, B.L., 2015, BET surface area distributions in polar stream sediments: Implications for silicate weathering in a cold-arid environment: Applied Geochemistry, v. 52, p. 31-42, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.11.005.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"42","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057956","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296299,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica, Taylor Valley, Wright Valley","volume":"52","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54759a18e4b042f27ef134c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marra, Kristen R. 0000-0001-8027-5255 kmarra@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8027-5255","contributorId":4844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marra","given":"Kristen","email":"kmarra@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elwood Madden, Megan E","contributorId":127580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elwood Madden","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"E","affiliations":[{"id":7062,"text":"University of Oklahoma","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Soreghan, Gerilyn S.","contributorId":101726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soreghan","given":"Gerilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hall, Brenda L","contributorId":127581,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"Brenda","email":"","middleInitial":"L","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70173454,"text":"70173454 - 2015 - Evaluating changes in stream fish species richness over a 50-year time-period within a landscape context","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-20T12:03:29","indexId":"70173454","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating changes in stream fish species richness over a 50-year time-period within a landscape context","docAbstract":"Worldwide, streams and rivers are facing a suite of pressures that alter water quality and degrade physical habitat, both of which can lead to changes in the composition and richness of fish populations. These potential changes are of particular importance in the Southeast USA, home to one of the richest stream fish assemblages in North America. Using data from 83 stream sites in North Carolina sampled in the 1960’s and the past decade, we used hierarchical Bayesian models to evaluate relationships between species richness and catchment land use and land cover (e.g., agriculture and forest cover). In addition, we examined how the rate of change in species richness over 50 years was related to catchment land use and land cover. We found a negative and positive correlation between forest land cover and agricultural land use and average species richness, respectively. After controlling for introduced species, most (66 %) stream sites showed an increase in native fish species richness, and the magnitude of the rate of increase was positively correlated to the amount of forested land cover in the catchment. Site-specific trends in species richness were not positive, on average, until the percentage forest cover in the network catchment exceeded about 55 %. These results suggest that streams with catchments that have moderate to high (>55 %) levels of forested land in upstream network catchments may be better able to increase the number of native species at a faster rate compared to less-forested catchments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10641-014-0359-z","usgsCitation":"Midway, S.R., Wagner, T., Tracy, B.H., Hogue, G.M., and Starnes, W.C., 2015, Evaluating changes in stream fish species richness over a 50-year time-period within a landscape context: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 98, no. 5, p. 1295-1309, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-014-0359-z.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1295","endPage":"1309","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052108","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323988,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North 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agriculture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T15:43:20","indexId":"70134234","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-24T15:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticide concentrations in frog tissue and wetland habitats in alandscape dominated by agriculture","docAbstract":"Habitat loss and exposure to pesticides are likely primary factors contributing to amphibian decline in agricultural landscapes. Conservation efforts have attempted to restore wetlands lost through landscape modifications to reduce contaminant loads in surface waters and providing quality habitat to wildlife. The benefits of this increased wetland area, perhaps especially for amphibians, may be negated if habitat quality is insufficient to support persistent populations. We examined the presence of pesticides and nutrients in water and sediment as indicators of habitat quality and assessed the bioaccumulation of pesticides in the tissue of two native amphibian species Pseudacris maculata (chorus frogs) and Lithobates pipiens (leopard frogs) at six wetlands (3 restored and 3 reference) in Iowa, USA. Restored wetlands are positioned on the landscape to receive subsurface tile drainage water while reference wetlands receive water from overland run-off and shallow groundwater sources. Concentrations of the pesticides frequently detected in water and sediment samples were not different between wetland types. The median concentration of atrazine in surface water was 0.2 μg/L. Reproductive abnormalities in leopard frogs have been observed in other studies at these concentrations. Nutrient concentrations were higher in the restored wetlands but lower than concentrations thought lethal to frogs. Complex mixtures of pesticides including up to 8 fungicides, some previously unreported in tissue, were detected with concentrations ranging from 0.08 to 1500 μg/kg wet weight. No significant differences in pesticide concentrations were observed between species, although concentrations tended to be higher in leopard frogs compared to chorus frogs, possibly because of differences in life histories. Our results provide information on habitat quality in restored wetlands that will assist state and federal agencies, landowners, and resource managers in identifying and implementing conservation and management actions for these and similar wetlands in agriculturally dominated landscapes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.114","usgsCitation":"Smalling, K., Reeves, R., Muths, E.L., Vandever, M.W., Battaglin, W.A., Hladik, M., and Pierce, C.L., 2015, Pesticide concentrations in frog tissue and wetland habitats in alandscape dominated by agriculture: Science of the Total Environment, v. 502, p. 80-90, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.114.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"80","endPage":"90","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056800","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":350,"text":"Iowa Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472454,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs/99","text":"External Repository"},{"id":296274,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.50439453125,\n 41.85115059465234\n ],\n [\n -94.50439453125,\n 42.28950073090457\n ],\n [\n -92.8289794921875,\n 42.28950073090457\n ],\n [\n -92.8289794921875,\n 41.85115059465234\n ],\n [\n -94.50439453125,\n 41.85115059465234\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"502","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"547ae02ae4b0da0a54dbb611","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smalling, Kelly L. ksmall@usgs.gov","contributorId":1370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smalling","given":"Kelly L.","email":"ksmall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reeves, Rebecca","contributorId":127566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reeves","given":"Rebecca","affiliations":[{"id":6911,"text":"Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muths, Erin L. 0000-0002-5498-3132 muthse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-3132","contributorId":1260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"Erin","email":"muthse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vandever, Mark W. vandeverm@usgs.gov","contributorId":3004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandever","given":"Mark","email":"vandeverm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hladik, Michelle 0000-0002-0891-2712 mhladik@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-2712","contributorId":784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hladik","given":"Michelle","email":"mhladik@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pierce, Clay L. cpierce@usgs.gov","contributorId":525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Clay","email":"cpierce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":350,"text":"Iowa Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70169868,"text":"70169868 - 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The rare stonefly, Zapada glacier (Baumann and Gaufin), endemic to alpine streams of Glacier National Park (GNP), Montana, was recently petitioned for listing under the US Endangered Species Act because of climate-change-induced glacier loss, yet little was known about its current status and distribution. We resampled streams throughout the historical distribution of Z. glacier to investigate trends in occurrence associated with changes in temperature and glacial extent. The current geographic distribution of the species was assessed using morphological characteristics of adults and DNA barcoding of nymphs. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA data revealed 8 distinct clades of the genus corresponding with 7 known species from GNP, and one potentially cryptic species. Climate model simulations indicate that average summer air temperature increased (0.67–1.00°C) during the study period (1960–2012), and glacial surface area decreased by ∼35% from 1966 to 2005. We detected Z. glacier in only 1 of the 6 historically occupied streams and at 2 new locations in GNP. These results suggest that an extremely restricted historical distribution of Z. glacierin GNP has been further reduced over the past several decades by an upstream retreat to higher, cooler sites as water temperatures increased and glacial masses decreased. More research is urgently needed to determine the status, distribution, and vulnerability of Z. glacier and other alpine stream invertebrates threatened by climate change in mountainous ecosystems.
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Joseph 0000-0001-7818-3941 jgiersch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7818-3941","contributorId":4022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giersch","given":"J. Joseph","email":"jgiersch@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":625384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jordan, Steve","contributorId":168297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jordan","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25242,"text":"Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luikart, Gordon","contributorId":97409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luikart","given":"Gordon","affiliations":[{"id":6580,"text":"University of Montana, Flathead Lake Biological Station, Polson, Montana 59860, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, Leslie A. 0000-0002-4953-7189 lajones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4953-7189","contributorId":4599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Leslie","email":"lajones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hauer, F. Richard","contributorId":76892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hauer","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Muhlfeld, Clint C. 0000-0002-4599-4059 cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-4059","contributorId":924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"Clint","email":"cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70143001,"text":"70143001 - 2015 - Character, distribution, and ecological significance of storm wave-induced scour in Rhode Island Sound, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-17T12:03:14","indexId":"70143001","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-21T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Character, distribution, and ecological significance of storm wave-induced scour in Rhode Island Sound, USA","docAbstract":"Multibeam bathymetry, collected during NOAA hydrographic surveys in 2008 and 2009, is coupled with USGS data from sampling and photographic stations to map the seabed morphology and composition of Rhode Island Sound along the US Atlantic coast, and to provide information on sediment transport and benthic habitats. Patchworks of scour depressions cover large areas on seaward-facing slopes and bathymetric highs in the sound. These depressions average 0.5-0.8 m deep and occur in water depths reaching as much as 42 m. They have relatively steep well-defined sides and coarser-grained floors, and vary strongly in shape, size, and configuration. Some individual scour depressions have apparently expanded to combine with adjacent depressions, forming larger eroded areas that commonly contain outliers of the original seafloor sediments. Where cobbles and scattered boulders are present on the depression floors, the muddy Holocene sands have been completely removed and the winnowed relict Pleistocene deposits exposed. Low tidal-current velocities and the lack of obstacle marks suggest that bidirectional tidal currents alone are not capable of forming these features. These depressions are formed and maintained under high-energy shelf conditions owing to repetitive cyclic loading imposed by high-amplitude, long-period, storm-driven waves that reduce the effective shear strength of the sediment, cause resuspension, and expose the suspended sediments to erosion by wind-driven and tidal currents. Because epifauna dominate on gravel floors of the depressions and infauna are prevalent in the finer-grained Holocene deposits, it is concluded that the resultant close juxtaposition of silty sand-, sand-, and gravel-dependent communities promotes regional faunal complexity. These findings expand on earlier interpretations, documenting how storm wave-induced scour produces sorted bedforms that control much of the benthic geologic and biologic diversity in Rhode Island Sound.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","publisherLocation":"Heidelberg","doi":"10.1007/s00367-014-0392-0","usgsCitation":"McMullen, K.Y., Poppe, L.J., and Parker, C.E., 2015, Character, distribution, and ecological significance of storm wave-induced scour in Rhode Island Sound, USA: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 35, no. 2, p. 135-144, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-014-0392-0.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"144","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060897","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472455,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/7246","text":"External Repository"},{"id":298620,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.48529052734375,\n 41.372686481864655\n ],\n [\n -71.48529052734375,\n 41.55997677258171\n ],\n [\n -71.27517700195312,\n 41.55997677258171\n ],\n [\n -71.27517700195312,\n 41.372686481864655\n ],\n [\n -71.48529052734375,\n 41.372686481864655\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5509502ae4b02e76d757e608","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMullen, Katherine Y. kmcmullen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMullen","given":"Katherine","email":"kmcmullen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poppe, Lawrence J. lpoppe@usgs.gov","contributorId":139521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"Lawrence","email":"lpoppe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parker, Castle E.","contributorId":28684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parker","given":"Castle","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12448,"text":"U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70131490,"text":"70131490 - 2015 - Assessing the impacts of climate and land use and land cover change on the freshwater availability in the Brahmaputra River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T10:09:19","indexId":"70131490","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-19T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"subseriesTitle":"Regional Studies","title":"Assessing the impacts of climate and land use and land cover change on the freshwater availability in the Brahmaputra River basin","docAbstract":"Study Region: Brahmaputra River basin in South Asia.
\n\n
Study Focus: The Soil and Water Assessment Tool was used to evaluate sensitivities and patterns in freshwater availability due to projected climate and land use changes in the Brahmaputra basin. The daily observed discharge at Bahadurabad station in Bangladesh was used to calibrate and validate the model and analyze uncertainties with a sequential uncertainty fitting algorithm. The sensitivities and impacts of projected climate and land use changes on basin hydrological components were simulated for the A1B and A2 scenarios and analyzed relative to a baseline scenario of 1988–2004.
\n\n
New hydrological insights for the region: Basin average annual ET was found to be sensitive to changes in CO2 concentration and temperature, while total water yield, streamflow, and groundwater recharge were sensitive to changes in precipitation. The basin hydrological components were predicted to increase with seasonal variability in response to climate and land use change scenarios. Strong increasing trends were predicted for total water yield, streamflow, and groundwater recharge, indicating exacerbation of flooding potential during August–October, but strong decreasing trends were predicted, indicating exacerbation of drought potential during May–July of the 21st century. The model has potential to facilitate strategic decision making through scenario generation integrating climate change adaptation and hazard mitigation policies to ensure optimized allocation of water resources under a variable and changing climate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2014.09.003","usgsCitation":"Pervez, M., and Henebry, G.M., 2015, Assessing the impacts of climate and land use and land cover change on the freshwater availability in the Brahmaputra River basin: Journal of Hydrology, v. 3, p. 285-311, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2014.09.003.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"285","endPage":"311","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056504","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472456,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2014.09.003","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296194,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Bangladesh","otherGeospatial":"Brahmaputra River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 81.8701171875,\n 20.097206227083888\n ],\n [\n 81.8701171875,\n 32.175612478499325\n ],\n [\n 104.4580078125,\n 32.175612478499325\n ],\n [\n 104.4580078125,\n 20.097206227083888\n ],\n [\n 81.8701171875,\n 20.097206227083888\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546db11ae4b0fc7976bf1e1d","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2014.09.003","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2014.09.003","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Pervez Md Shahriar, Henebry Geoffrey M.","journalName":"Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies","publicationDate":"3/2015","auditedOn":"11/26/2014","publiclyAccessibleDate":"9/27/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pervez, Md Shahriar 0000-0003-3417-1871 spervez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3417-1871","contributorId":3099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pervez","given":"Md Shahriar","email":"spervez@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":521265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henebry, Geoffrey M.","contributorId":124528,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henebry","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5087,"text":"Geographic Information Science Center of Excellence (GIScCE), South Dakota State University, Brookings, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70131491,"text":"70131491 - 2015 - Spatial and seasonal responses of precipitation in the Ganges and Brahmaputra river basins to ENSO and Indian Ocean dipole modes: Implications for flooding and drought","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-10T12:54:52","indexId":"70131491","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-18T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2824,"text":"Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and seasonal responses of precipitation in the Ganges and Brahmaputra river basins to ENSO and Indian Ocean dipole modes: Implications for flooding and drought","docAbstract":"We evaluated the spatial and seasonal responses of precipitation in the Ganges and Brahmaputra basins as modulated by the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) modes using Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) full data reanalysis of monthly global land-surface precipitation data from 1901 to 2010 with a spatial resolution of 0.5° × 0.5°. The GPCC monthly total precipitation climatology targeting the period 1951–2000 was used to compute gridded monthly anomalies for the entire time period. The gridded monthly anomalies were averaged for the years influenced by combinations of climate modes. Occurrences of El Niño alone significantly reduce (88% of the long-term average (LTA)) precipitation during the monsoon months in the western and southeastern Ganges Basin. In contrast, occurrences of La Niña and co-occurrences of La Niña and negative IOD events significantly enhance (110 and 109% of LTA in the Ganges and Brahmaputra Basin, respectively) precipitation across both basins. When El Niño co-occurs with positive IOD events, the impacts of El Niño on the basins' precipitation diminishes. When there is no active ENSO or IOD events (occurring in 41 out of 110 years), precipitation remains below average (95% of LTA) in the agriculturally intensive areas of Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Western Nepal in the Ganges Basin, whereas precipitation remains average to above average (104% of LTA) across the Brahmaputra Basin. This pattern implies that a regular water deficit is likely, especially in the Ganges Basin, with implications for the agriculture sector due to its reliance on consistent rainfall for successful production. Historically, major droughts occurred during El Niño and co-occurrences of El Niño and positive IOD events, while major flooding occurred during La Niña and co-occurrences of La Niña and negative IOD events in the basins. This observational analysis will facilitate well-informed decision making in minimizing natural hazard risks and climate impacts on agriculture, and supports development of strategies ensuring optimized use of water resources in best management practice under a changing climate.
Tropical climate is rapidly changing, but the effects of these changes on the geosphere are unknown, despite a likelihood of climatically-induced changes on weathering and erosion. The lack of long, continuous paleo-records prevents an examination of terrestrial responses to climate change with sufficient detail to answer questions about how systems behaved in the past and may alter in the future. We use high-resolution records of pollen, clay mineralogy, and particle size from a drill core from Lake Malawi, southeast Africa, to examine atmosphere-biosphere-geosphere interactions during the last deglaciation (~18–9 ka), a period of dramatic temperature and hydrologic changes. The results demonstrate that climatic controls on Lake Malawi vegetation are critically important to weathering processes and erosion patterns during the deglaciation. At 18 ka, afromontane forests dominated but were progressively replaced by tropical seasonal forest, as summer rainfall increased. Despite indication of decreased rainfall, drought-intolerant forest persisted through the Younger Dryas (YD) resulting from a shorter dry season. Following the YD, an intensified summer monsoon and increased rainfall seasonality were coeval with forest decline and expansion of drought-tolerant miombo woodland. Clay minerals closely track the vegetation record, with high ratios of kaolinite to smectite (K/S) indicating heavy leaching when forest predominates, despite variable rainfall. In the early Holocene, when rainfall and temperature increased (effective moisture remained low), open woodlands expansion resulted in decreased K/S, suggesting a reduction in chemical weathering intensity. Terrigenous sediment mass accumulation rates also increased, suggesting critical linkages among open vegetation and erosion during intervals of enhanced summer rainfall. This study shows a strong, direct influence of vegetation composition on weathering intensity in the tropics. As climate change will likely impact this interplay between the biosphere and geosphere, tropical landscape change could lead to deleterious effects on soil and water quality in regions with little infrastructure for mitigation.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0112855","usgsCitation":"Ivory, S., McGlue, M.M., Ellis, G.S., Lézine, A., Cohen, A.S., and Vincens, A., 2015, Vegetation controls on weathering intensity during the last deglacial transition in southeast Africa: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 11, e112855: 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112855.","productDescription":"e112855: 11 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057713","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472458,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112855","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297013,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Lake Malawi","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 33.486328125,\n -9.492408153765531\n ],\n [\n 34.6728515625,\n -9.275622176792098\n ],\n [\n 35.595703125,\n -14.647368383896632\n ],\n [\n 34.4091796875,\n -14.732386081418467\n ],\n [\n 33.486328125,\n -9.492408153765531\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ac9e4b08de9379b3209","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ivory, Sarah J.","contributorId":138493,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ivory","given":"Sarah J.","affiliations":[{"id":6624,"text":"University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGlue, Michael M. mmcglue@usgs.gov","contributorId":4091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGlue","given":"Michael","email":"mmcglue@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":537575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellis, Geoffrey S. 0000-0003-4519-3320 gsellis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4519-3320","contributorId":1058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gsellis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lézine, Anne-Marie","contributorId":138495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lézine","given":"Anne-Marie","affiliations":[{"id":12426,"text":"LOCEAN, CNRS, Paris, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cohen, Andrew S.","contributorId":100989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vincens, Annie","contributorId":138497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vincens","given":"Annie","affiliations":[{"id":12427,"text":"CEREGE, CNRS, Aix-en-Provence, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70168421,"text":"70168421 - 2015 - Pronounced chemical response of Subarctic lakes to climate-driven losses in surface area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-19T19:52:30","indexId":"70168421","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-17T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pronounced chemical response of Subarctic lakes to climate-driven losses in surface area","docAbstract":"Losses in lake area have been observed for several Arctic and Subarctic regions in recent decades, with unknown consequences for lake ecosystems. These reductions are primarily attributed to two climate-sensitive mechanisms, both of which may also cause changes in water chemistry: (i) increased imbalance of evaporation relative to inflow, whereby increased evaporation and decreased inflow act to concentrate solutes into smaller volumes; and (ii) accelerated permafrost degradation, which enhances sublacustrine drainage while simultaneously leaching previously frozen solutes into lakes. We documented changes in nutrients [total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP)] and ions (calcium, chloride, magnesium, sodium) over a 25 year interval in shrinking, stable, and expanding Subarctic lakes of the Yukon Flats, Alaska. Concentrations of all six solutes increased in shrinking lakes from 1985–1989 to 2010–2012, while simultaneously undergoing little change in stable or expanding lakes. This created a present-day pattern, much weaker or absent in the 1980s, in which shrinking lakes had higher solute concentrations than their stable or expanding counterparts. An imbalanced evaporation-to-inflow ratio (E/I) was the most likely mechanism behind such changes; all four ions, which behave semiconservatively and are prone to evapoconcentration, increased in shrinking lakes and, along with TN and TP, were positively related to isotopically derived E/I estimates. Moreover, the most conservative ion, chloride, increased >500% in shrinking lakes. Conversely, only TP concentration was related to probability of permafrost presence, being highest at intermediate probabilities. Overall, the substantial increases of nutrients (TN >200%, TP >100%) and ions (>100%) may shift shrinking lakes towards overly eutrophic or saline states, with potentially severe consequences for ecosystems of northern lakes.
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Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70128671,"text":"70128671 - 2015 - Testing the use of bulk organic δ13C, δ15N, and Corg:Ntot ratios to estimate subsidence during the 1964 great Alaska earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-04T16:09:39","indexId":"70128671","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing the use of bulk organic δ13C, δ15N, and Corg:Ntot ratios to estimate subsidence during the 1964 great Alaska earthquake","docAbstract":"During the Mw 9.2 1964 great Alaska earthquake, Turnagain Arm near Girdwood, Alaska subsided 1.7 ± 0.1 m based on pre- and postearthquake leveling. The coseismic subsidence in 1964 caused equivalent sudden relative sea-level (RSL) rise that is stratigraphically preserved as mud-over-peat contacts where intertidal silt buried peaty marsh surfaces. Changes in intertidal microfossil assemblages across these contacts have been used to estimate subsidence in 1964 by applying quantitative microfossil transfer functions to reconstruct corresponding RSL rise. Here, we review the use of organic stable C and N isotope values and Corg:Ntot ratios as alternative proxies for reconstructing coseismic RSL changes, and report independent estimates of subsidence in 1964 by using δ13C values from intertidal sediment to assess RSL change caused by the earthquake. We observe that surface sediment δ13C values systematically decrease by ∼4‰ over the ∼2.5 m increase in elevation along three 60- to 100-m-long transects extending from intertidal mud flat to upland environments. We use a straightforward linear regression to quantify the relationship between modern sediment δ13C values and elevation (n = 84, R2 = 0.56). The linear regression provides a slope–intercept equation used to reconstruct the paleoelevation of the site before and after the earthquake based on δ13C values in sandy silt above and herbaceous peat below the 1964 contact. The regression standard error (average = ±0.59‰) reflects the modern isotopic variability at sites of similar surface elevation, and is equivalent to an uncertainty of ±0.4 m elevation with respect to Mean Higher High Water. To reduce potential errors in paleoelevation and subsidence estimates, we analyzed multiple sediment δ13C values in nine cores on a shore-perpendicular transect at Bird Point. Our method estimates 1.3 ± 0.4 m of coseismic RSL rise across the 1964 contact by taking the arithmetic mean of the differences (n = 9) between reconstructed elevations for sediment above and below the 1964 earthquake subsidence contact. This estimate compares well with independent subsidence estimates derived from post-earthquake leveling in Turnagain Arm, and from microfossil transfer functions at Girdwood (1.50 ± 0.32 m). While our results support the use of bulk organic δ13C for reconstructing RSL change in southern Alaska, the variability of stable isotope values in modern and buried intertidal sediment required the analysis of multiple samples to reduce error.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.09.031","usgsCitation":"Bender, A.M., Witter, R., and Rogers, M., 2015, Testing the use of bulk organic δ13C, δ15N, and Corg:Ntot ratios to estimate subsidence during the 1964 great Alaska earthquake: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 113, p. 134-146, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.09.031.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"134","endPage":"146","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060286","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297372,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -167.16796875,\n 71.1877539181316\n ],\n [\n -140.2734375,\n 71.13098770917023\n ],\n [\n -141.15234374999997,\n 59.62332522313024\n ],\n [\n -167.51953124999997,\n 51.944264879028765\n ],\n [\n -167.16796875,\n 71.1877539181316\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"113","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c68e4b08de9379b37aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bender, Adrian M. 0000-0001-7469-1957 abender@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7469-1957","contributorId":4963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"Adrian","email":"abender@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Witter, Robert C. 0000-0002-1721-254X rwitter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1721-254X","contributorId":4528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witter","given":"Robert C.","email":"rwitter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rogers, Matthew","contributorId":120088,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rogers","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70141030,"text":"70141030 - 2015 - Quality and age of shallow groundwater in the Bakken Formation production area, Williston Basin, Montana and North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-17T13:02:05","indexId":"70141030","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quality and age of shallow groundwater in the Bakken Formation production area, Williston Basin, Montana and North Dakota","docAbstract":"The quality and age of shallow groundwater in the Bakken Formation production area were characterized using data from 30 randomly distributed domestic wells screened in the upper Fort Union Formation. Comparison of inorganic and organic chemical concentrations to health based drinking-water standards, correlation analysis of concentrations with oil and gas well locations, and isotopic data give no indication that energy-development activities affected groundwater quality. It is important, however, to consider these results in the context of groundwater age. Most samples were recharged before the early 1950s and had 14C ages ranging from 30,000 years. Thus, domestic wells may not be as well suited for detecting contamination associated with recent surface spills as shallower wells screened near the water table. Old groundwater could be contaminated directly by recent subsurface leaks from imperfectly cemented oil and gas wells, but horizontal groundwater velocities calculated from 14C ages imply that the contaminants would still be less than 0.5 km from their source. For the wells sampled in this study, the median distance to the nearest oil and gas well was 4.6 km. Because of the slow velocities, a long-term commitment to groundwater monitoring in the upper Fort Union Formation is needed to assess the effects of energy development on groundwater quality. In conjunction with that effort, monitoring could be done closer to energy-development activities to increase the likelihood of early detection of groundwater contamination if it did occur.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12296","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P.B., Caldwell, R.R., Galloway, J.M., Valder, J., and Hunt, A.G., 2015, Quality and age of shallow groundwater in the Bakken Formation production area, Williston Basin, Montana and North Dakota: Groundwater, v. 53, no. S1, p. 81-94, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12296.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"94","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059302","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297944,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Bakken Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.9501953125,\n 46.76996843356982\n ],\n [\n -113.9501953125,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -99.7119140625,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -99.7119140625,\n 46.76996843356982\n ],\n [\n -113.9501953125,\n 46.76996843356982\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"S1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c2fe4b08de9379b369a","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/gwat.12296","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12296","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"McMahon P.B., Caldwell R.R., Galloway J.M., Valder J.F., Hunt A.G.","journalName":"Groundwater","publicationDate":"11/13/2014","auditedOn":"12/15/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, Peter B. 0000-0001-7452-2379 pmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Peter","email":"pmcmahon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caldwell, Rodney R. 0000-0002-2588-715X caldwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2588-715X","contributorId":2577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Rodney","email":"caldwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galloway, Joel M. 0000-0002-9836-9724 jgallowa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9836-9724","contributorId":1562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Joel","email":"jgallowa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valder, Joshua F. 0000-0003-3733-8868 jvalder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3733-8868","contributorId":1431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valder","given":"Joshua F.","email":"jvalder@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hunt, Andrew G. 0000-0002-3810-8610 ahunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3810-8610","contributorId":1582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Andrew","email":"ahunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70128483,"text":"tm4A10 - 2015 - User guide to Exploration and Graphics for RivEr Trends (EGRET) and dataRetrieval: R packages for hydrologic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-25T14:13:34.167466","indexId":"tm4A10","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-09T09:41:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"4-A10","title":"User guide to Exploration and Graphics for RivEr Trends (EGRET) and dataRetrieval: R packages for hydrologic data","docAbstract":"Evaluating long-term changes in river conditions (water quality and discharge) is an important use of hydrologic data. To carry out such evaluations, the hydrologist needs tools to facilitate several key steps in the process: acquiring the data records from a variety of sources, structuring it in ways that facilitate the analysis, processing the data with routines that extract information about changes that may be happening, and displaying findings with graphical techniques. A pair of tightly linked R packages, called dataRetrieval and EGRET (Exploration and Graphics for RivEr Trends), have been developed for carrying out each of these steps in an integrated manner. They are designed to easily accept data from three sources: U.S. Geological Survey hydrologic data, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) STORET data, and user-supplied flat files. The dataRetrieval package not only serves as a “front end” to the EGRET package, it can also be used to easily download many types of hydrologic data and organize it in ways that facilitate many other hydrologic applications. The EGRET package has components oriented towards the description of long-term changes in streamflow statistics (high flow, average flow, and low flow) as well as changes in water quality. For the water-quality analysis, it uses Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge and Season (WRTDS) to describe long-term trends in both concentration and flux. EGRET also creates a wide range of graphical presentations of the water-quality data and of the WRTDS results. This report serves as a user guide to these two R packages, providing detailed guidance on installation and use of the software, documentation of the analysis methods used, as well as guidance on some of the kinds of questions and approaches that the software can facilitate.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section A: Statistical analysis in Book 4 Hydrologic Analysis and Interpretation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm4A10","usgsCitation":"Hirsch, R.M., and De Cicco, L., 2015, User guide to Exploration and Graphics for RivEr Trends (EGRET) and dataRetrieval: R packages for hydrologic data (Version 1.0: Originally posted October 8, 2014; Version 2.0: February 5, 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 4-A10, Report: vii, 93 p.; 2 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/tm4A10.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 93 p.; 2 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"104","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-056100","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438730,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9X4L3GE","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"dataRetrieval"},{"id":297766,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/04/a10/images/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":295115,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/04/a10/pdf/tm4A10_appendix_1.pdf","text":"Appendix 1: data retrieval vignette","size":"472 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 1: data retrieval vignette"},{"id":295086,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/04/a10/"},{"id":295114,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/04/a10/pdf/tm4A10.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.27 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":295116,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/04/a10/pdf/tm4A10_appendix_2.pdf","text":"Appendix 2: EGRET vignette","size":"1.02 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 2: EGRET vignette"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted October 8, 2014; Version 2.0: February 5, 2015","publicComments":"This report is Chapter 10 of Section A: Statistical analysis in Book 4 Hydrologic Analysis and Interpretation.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54379589e4b08a816ca63613","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"De Cicco, Laura A. 0000-0002-3915-9487","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3915-9487","contributorId":35255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Cicco","given":"Laura A.","affiliations":[{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":502922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70120425,"text":"70120425 - 2015 - Development of a spatially universal framework for classifying stream assemblages with application to conservation planning for Great Lakes lotic fish communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-09T10:23:05","indexId":"70120425","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T14:27:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a spatially universal framework for classifying stream assemblages with application to conservation planning for Great Lakes lotic fish communities","docAbstract":"Classifications are typically specific to particular issues or areas, leading to patchworks of subjectively defined spatial units. Stream conservation is hindered by the lack of a universal habitat classification system and would benefit from an independent hydrology-guided spatial framework of units encompassing all aquatic habitats at multiple spatial scales within large regions. We present a system that explicitly separates the spatial framework from any particular classification developed from the framework. The framework was constructed from landscape variables that are hydrologically and biologically relevant, covered all space within the study area, and was nested hierarchically and spatially related at scales ranging from the stream reach to the entire region; classifications may be developed from any subset of the 9 basins, 107 watersheds, 459 subwatersheds, or 10,000s of valley segments or stream reaches. To illustrate the advantages of this approach, we developed a fish-guided classification generated from a framework for the Great Lakes region that produced a mosaic of habitat units which, when aggregated, formed larger patches of more general conditions at progressively broader spatial scales. We identified greater than 1,200 distinct fish habitat types at the valley segment scale, most of which were rare. Comparisons of biodiversity and species assemblages are easily examined at any scale. This system can identify and quantify habitat types, evaluate habitat quality for conservation and/or restoration, and assist managers and policymakers with prioritization of protection and restoration efforts. Similar spatial frameworks and habitat classifications can be developed for any organism in any riverine ecosystem.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Ecological Restoration","doi":"10.1111/rec.12146","usgsCitation":"McKenna, J., Schaeffer, J., Stewart, J.S., and Slattery, M.T., 2015, Development of a spatially universal framework for classifying stream assemblages with application to conservation planning for Great Lakes lotic fish communities: Restoration Ecology, v. 23, no. 2, p. 167-178, https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12146.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"178","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051855","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294729,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294728,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rec.12146"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.779296875,\n 39.9434364619742\n ],\n [\n -93.779296875,\n 48.922499263758255\n ],\n [\n -71.6748046875,\n 48.922499263758255\n ],\n [\n -71.6748046875,\n 39.9434364619742\n ],\n [\n -93.779296875,\n 39.9434364619742\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542d098be4b092f17defc4e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKenna, James E. Jr.","contributorId":38486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"James E.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaeffer, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":19890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaeffer","given":"Jeffrey S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stewart, Jana S. 0000-0002-8121-1373 jsstewar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8121-1373","contributorId":539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Jana","email":"jsstewar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Slattery, Michael T. mslattery@usgs.gov","contributorId":5470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slattery","given":"Michael","email":"mslattery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70129712,"text":"70129712 - 2015 - Detection of Ichthyophonus by chromogenic in situ hybridization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-26T09:52:45","indexId":"70129712","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2286,"text":"Journal of Fish Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection of Ichthyophonus by chromogenic in situ hybridization","docAbstract":"Ichthyophonus hoferi (Plehn & Mulsow 1911) is a protistan parasite in the class Mesomycetozoea that infects a large range of marine and freshwater fish (Mendoza, Taylor & Ajello 2002; McVicar 2011). The broad host and geographic range, which includes both fresh and marine waters of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, combined with a lack of distinguishing morphological characteristics, have prompted speculation that Ichthyophonus-like organisms in multiple species of fish, as well as reptiles, amphibians, birds and invertebrates, may have been incorrectly classified under a single type species I. hoferi (McVicar 2011). At present, only two species,I. hoferi and I. irregularis, are currently recognized within the genus (Rand et al. 2000; Mendoza et al. 2002). Investigations of ribosomal DNA sequence variation have begun to clarify relationships among Ichthyophonus types (Criscione et al. 2002; Rasmussen et al. 2010). Here, we will use the term Ichthyophonus to broadly represent all members of the genus regardless of species/subspecies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Science","doi":"10.1111/jfd.12300","usgsCitation":"Conway, C.M., Purcell, M., Elliott, D.G., and Hershberger, P., 2015, Detection of Ichthyophonus by chromogenic in situ hybridization: Journal of Fish Diseases, v. 38, no. 9, p. 853-857, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12300.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"853","endPage":"857","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056548","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295940,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"545ded2ce4b0ba8303f92b85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conway, Carla M. 0000-0002-3851-3616 cmconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3851-3616","contributorId":2946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Carla","email":"cmconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Purcell, Maureen K. mpurcell@usgs.gov","contributorId":3061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purcell","given":"Maureen K.","email":"mpurcell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elliott, Diane G. 0000-0002-4809-6692 dgelliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-6692","contributorId":2947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Diane","email":"dgelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hershberger, Paul K. phershberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"Paul K.","email":"phershberger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70142051,"text":"70142051 - 2015 - Rangewide climate vulnerability assessment for threatened Bull Trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-18T14:25:49.509194","indexId":"70142051","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-30T09:47:55","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Rangewide climate vulnerability assessment for threatened Bull Trout","docAbstract":"The bull trout, listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act, is well adapted to the cold waters of the Northwest. Recent changes in climate have caused winter flooding and warmer summer water temperatures in the region, reducing the cold-water habitats that bull trout depend on. The southernmost bull trout populations, found in Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, and Nevada, are currently restricted to small reserves where the coldest waters still exist. These shrinking habitats have created a severed environment being further split by dams, poor water quality, and invasive species.
The goal of this project was to determine how these factors threaten the species regionally by using predictions of stream temperature to map habitat areas that support juvenile bull trout. Results show that maintaining larger areas of cold water habitat had the greatest, positive impact on bull trout habitat conservation. Other conditions that support bull trout include very cold summer water temperatures, fewer winter floods, and fewer human disturbances (such as the building of dams). Based on these results, specific climate adaptation actions that local managers might consider include prioritizing land and water use to foster colder summer water temperatures, controlling invasive species, increasing connectivity between Bull Trout habitats, and continuing monitoring efforts.
To ensure that these results and habitat maps could be incorporated into management actions, researchers met with stakeholders including the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), the U.S. Forest Service, and the Burns Paiute Tribe. As a result, the maps were used in forest planning for the Lolo National Forest in Montana, the Wenatchee River basin, and in the lower Pend Oreille River during the relicensing process for local dam operations. In addition, the recovery plan proposed by the USFWS incorporated these models into detailed analyses of bull trout habitat loss, which managers can use to prioritize actions in their Recovery Unit Implementation Plans.
","language":"English","publisher":"Northwest Climate Science Center","usgsCitation":"Dunham, J., 2015, Rangewide climate vulnerability assessment for threatened Bull Trout, 47 p.","productDescription":"47 p.","ipdsId":"IP-060209","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362358,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":298173,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cascprojects.org/#/project/4f8c64d2e4b0546c0c397b46/5006f464e4b0abf7ce733f90"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunham, Jason B. 0000-0002-6268-0633 jdunham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-0633","contributorId":1808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason B.","email":"jdunham@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70126913,"text":"70126913 - 2015 - Data worth and prediction uncertainty for pesticide transport and fate models in Nebraska and Maryland, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-02T11:03:52","indexId":"70126913","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-25T10:10:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3035,"text":"Pest Management Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Data worth and prediction uncertainty for pesticide transport and fate models in Nebraska and Maryland, United States","docAbstract":"Complex environmental models are frequently extrapolated to overcome data limitations in space and time, but quantifying data worth to such models is rarely attempted. The authors determined which field observations most informed the parameters of agricultural system models applied to field sites in Nebraska (NE) and Maryland (MD), and identified parameters and observations that most influenced prediction uncertainty.
\nThe standard error of regression of the calibrated models was about the same at both NE (0.59) and MD (0.58), and overall reductions in prediction uncertainties of metolachlor and metolachlor ethane sulfonic acid concentrations were 98.0 and 98.6% respectively. Observation data groups reduced the prediction uncertainty by 55–90% at NE and by 28–96% at MD. Soil hydraulic parameters were well informed by the observed data at both sites, but pesticide and macropore properties had comparatively larger contributions after model calibration.
\nAlthough the observed data were sparse, they substantially reduced prediction uncertainty in unsampled regions of pesticide breakthrough curves. Nitrate evidently functioned as a surrogate for soil hydraulic data in well-drained loam soils conducive to conservative transport of nitrogen. Pesticide properties and macropore parameters could most benefit from improved characterization further to reduce model misfit and prediction uncertainty.
\n\n
RESULTS: The standard error of regression of the calibrated models was about the same at both NE (0.59) and MD (0.58), and overall reductions in prediction uncertainties of metolachlor and metolachlor ethane sulfonic acid concentrations were 98.0 and 98.6% respectively. Observation data groups reduced the prediction uncertainty by 55–90% at NE and by 28–96% at MD. Soil hydraulic parameters were well informed by the observed data at both sites, but pesticide and macropore properties had comparatively larger contributions after model calibration.
\n\n
CONCLUSIONS: Although the observed data were sparse, they substantially reduced prediction uncertainty in unsampled regions of pesticide breakthrough curves. Nitrate evidently functioned as a surrogate for soil hydraulic data in well-drained loam soils conducive to conservative transport of nitrogen. Pesticide properties and macropore parameters could most benefit from improved characterization further to reduce model misfit and prediction uncertainty.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ps.3875","usgsCitation":"Nolan, B.T., Malone, R.W., Doherty, J.E., Barbash, J.E., Ma, L., and Shaner, D.L., 2015, Data worth and prediction uncertainty for pesticide transport and fate models in Nebraska and Maryland, United States: Pest Management Science, v. 71, no. 7, p. 972-985, https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.3875.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"972","endPage":"985","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044123","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294476,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294473,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.3875"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryl;Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.0535,37.8886 ], [ -104.0535,43.0017 ], [ -75.0492,43.0017 ], [ -75.0492,37.8886 ], [ -104.0535,37.8886 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"71","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54252087e4b0e641df8a6d92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nolan, Bernard T. 0000-0002-6945-9659 btnolan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6945-9659","contributorId":2190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"Bernard","email":"btnolan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malone, Robert W.","contributorId":10347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malone","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":502185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doherty, John E.","contributorId":8817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doherty","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7046,"text":"Watermark Numerical Computing","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":502184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barbash, Jack E. 0000-0001-9854-8880 jbarbash@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9854-8880","contributorId":1003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbash","given":"Jack","email":"jbarbash@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ma, Liwang","contributorId":6751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ma","given":"Liwang","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":502183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shaner, Dale L.","contributorId":100766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaner","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70108458,"text":"70108458 - 2015 - Understanding heat and groundwater flow through continental flood basalt provinces: insights gained from alternative models of permeability/depth relationships for the Columbia Plateau, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-22T12:54:07","indexId":"70108458","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-19T14:32:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1765,"text":"Geofluids","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Understanding heat and groundwater flow through continental flood basalt provinces: insights gained from alternative models of permeability/depth relationships for the Columbia Plateau, USA","docAbstract":"Heat-flow mapping of the western USA has identified an apparent low-heat-flow anomaly coincident with the Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System, a thick sequence of basalt aquifers within the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG). A heat and mass transport model (SUTRA) was used to evaluate the potential impact of groundwater flow on heat flow along two different regional groundwater flow paths. Limited in situ permeability (k) data from the CRBG are compatible with a steep permeability decrease (approximately 3.5 orders of magnitude) at 600–900 m depth and approximately 40°C. Numerical simulations incorporating this permeability decrease demonstrate that regional groundwater flow can explain lower-than-expected heat flow in these highly anisotropic (kx/kz ~ 104) continental flood basalts. Simulation results indicate that the abrupt reduction in permeability at approximately 600 m depth results in an equivalently abrupt transition from a shallow region where heat flow is affected by groundwater flow to a deeper region of conduction-dominated heat flow. Most existing heat-flow measurements within the CRBG are from shallower than 600 m depth or near regional groundwater discharge zones, so that heat-flow maps generated using these data are likely influenced by groundwater flow. Substantial k decreases at similar temperatures have also been observed in the volcanic rocks of the adjacent Cascade Range volcanic arc and at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, where they result from low-temperature hydrothermal alteration.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geofluids","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gfl.12095","usgsCitation":"Burns, E., Williams, C.F., Ingebritsen, S.E., Voss, C.I., Spane, F.A., and DeAngelo, J., 2015, Understanding heat and groundwater flow through continental flood basalt provinces: insights gained from alternative models of permeability/depth relationships for the Columbia Plateau, USA: Geofluids, v. 15, no. 1-2, p. 120-138, https://doi.org/10.1111/gfl.12095.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"120","endPage":"138","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053358","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gfl.12095","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":294238,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294237,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gfl.12095"},{"id":294239,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gfl.12095/abstract"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Oregon;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River Plateau","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122,44.5 ], [ -122,48.5 ], [ -116.5,48.5 ], [ -116.5,44.5 ], [ -122,44.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"15","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541d3790e4b0f68901ebd9d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Erick R. 0000-0002-1747-0506","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1747-0506","contributorId":84802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Erick R.","affiliations":[{"id":310,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy and Geophysics Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":494028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Colin F. 0000-0003-2196-5496 colin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-5496","contributorId":274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Colin","email":"colin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingebritsen, Steven E. 0000-0001-6917-9369 seingebr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-9369","contributorId":818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"Steven","email":"seingebr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Voss, Clifford I. 0000-0001-5923-2752 cvoss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2752","contributorId":1559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","email":"cvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Spane, Frank A.","contributorId":38910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spane","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"DeAngelo, Jacob jdeangelo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelo","given":"Jacob","email":"jdeangelo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70125289,"text":"70125289 - 2015 - Long-term decrease in satellite vegetation indices in response to environmental variables in an iconic desert riparian ecosystem: the Upper San Pedro, Arizona, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T15:50:43","indexId":"70125289","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-18T13:43:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1447,"text":"Ecohydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term decrease in satellite vegetation indices in response to environmental variables in an iconic desert riparian ecosystem: the Upper San Pedro, Arizona, United States","docAbstract":"The Upper San Pedro River is one of the few remaining undammed rivers that maintain a vibrant riparian ecosystem in the southwest United States. However, its riparian forest is threatened by diminishing groundwater and surface water inputs, due to either changes in watershed characteristics such as changes in riparian and upland vegetation, or human activities such as regional groundwater pumping. We used satellite vegetation indices to quantify the green leaf density of the groundwater-dependent riparian forest from 1984 to 2012. The river was divided into a southern, upstream (mainly perennial flow) reach and a northern, downstream (mainly intermittent and ephemeral flow) reach. Pre-monsoon (June) Landsat normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values showed a 20% drop for the northern reach (P < 0·001) and no net change for the southern reach (P > 0·05). NDVI and enhanced vegetation index values were positively correlated (P < 0·05) with river flows, which decreased over the study period in the northern reach, and negatively correlated (P < 0·05) with air temperatures in both reaches, which have increased by 1·4 °C from 1932 to 2012. NDVI in the uplands around the river did not increase from 1984 to 2012, suggesting that increased evapotranspiration in the uplands was not a factor in reducing river flows. Climate change, regional groundwater pumping, changes in the intensity of monsoon rain events and lack of overbank flooding are feasible explanations for deterioration of the riparian forest in the northern reach.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons Ltd.","doi":"10.1002/eco.1529","usgsCitation":"Nguyen, U., Glenn, E.P., Nagler, P.L., and Scott, R.L., 2015, Long-term decrease in satellite vegetation indices in response to environmental variables in an iconic desert riparian ecosystem: the Upper San Pedro, Arizona, United States: Ecohydrology, v. 8, no. 4, p. 610-625, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1529.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"610","endPage":"625","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052717","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294183,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294181,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eco.1529"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Upper San Pedro River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.433333,31.25 ], [ -110.433333,32.166667 ], [ -109.816667,32.166667 ], [ -109.816667,31.25 ], [ -110.433333,31.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541be60de4b0e96537dda074","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nguyen, Uyen","contributorId":71863,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nguyen","given":"Uyen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13060,"text":"Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":501145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glenn, Edward P.","contributorId":19289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenn","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X pnagler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":1398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","email":"pnagler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scott, Russell L.","contributorId":39875,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scott","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70125710,"text":"70125710 - 2015 - MODFLOW-based coupled surface water routing and groundwater-flow simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-05T11:34:56","indexId":"70125710","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-17T15:23:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"MODFLOW-based coupled surface water routing and groundwater-flow simulation","docAbstract":"In this paper, we present a flexible approach for simulating one- and two-dimensional routing of surface water using a numerical surface water routing (SWR) code implicitly coupled to the groundwater-flow process in MODFLOW. Surface water routing in SWR can be simulated using a diffusive-wave approximation of the Saint-Venant equations and/or a simplified level-pool approach. SWR can account for surface water flow controlled by backwater conditions caused by small water-surface gradients or surface water control structures. A number of typical surface water control structures, such as culverts, weirs, and gates, can be represented, and it is possible to implement operational rules to manage surface water stages and streamflow. The nonlinear system of surface water flow equations formulated in SWR is solved by using Newton methods and direct or iterative solvers. SWR was tested by simulating the (1) Lal axisymmetric overland flow, (2) V-catchment, and (3) modified Pinder-Sauer problems. Simulated results for these problems compare well with other published results and indicate that SWR provides accurate results for surface water-only and coupled surface water/groundwater problems. Results for an application of SWR and MODFLOW to the Snapper Creek area of Miami-Dade County, Florida, USA are also presented and demonstrate the value of coupled surface water and groundwater simulation in managed, low-relief coastal settings.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Groundwater","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12216","usgsCitation":"Hughes, J.D., Langevin, C.D., and White, J., 2015, MODFLOW-based coupled surface water routing and groundwater-flow simulation: Groundwater, v. 53, no. 3, p. 452-463, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12216.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"452","endPage":"463","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053378","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294073,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294069,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12216"}],"volume":"53","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541a9491e4b01571b3d4cc5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, Joseph D. 0000-0003-1311-2354 jdhughes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1311-2354","contributorId":2492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Joseph","email":"jdhughes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langevin, Christian D. 0000-0001-5610-9759 langevin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-9759","contributorId":1030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Christian","email":"langevin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Jeremy T. jwhite@usgs.gov","contributorId":3930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Jeremy T.","email":"jwhite@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":501636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70126216,"text":"70126216 - 2015 - Dietary mercury exposure to endangered California Clapper Rails in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T11:10:34","indexId":"70126216","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-15T09:53:05","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dietary mercury exposure to endangered California Clapper Rails in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"California Clapper Rails (Rallus longirostris obsoletus) are an endangered waterbird that forage in tidal-marsh habitats that pose risks from mercury exposure. We analyzed total mercury (Hg) in six macro-invertebrate and one fish species representing Clapper Rail diets from four tidal-marshes in San Francisco Bay, California. Mercury concentrations among individual taxa ranged from lowest at Colma Creek (mean range: 0.09–0.2 μg/g dw) to highest at Cogswell (0.2–0.7), Laumeister (0.2–0.9) and Arrowhead Marshes (0.3–1.9). These spatial patterns for Hg matched patterns reported previously in Clapper Rail blood from the same four marshes. Over 25% of eastern mudsnails (Ilyanassa obsolete) and staghorn sculpin (Leptocottus armatus) exceeded dietary Hg concentrations (ww) often associated with avian reproductive impairment. Our results indicate that Hg concentrations vary considerably among tidal-marshes and diet taxa, and Hg concentrations of prey may provide an appropriate proxy for relative exposure risk for Clapper Rails.","language":"English","publisher":"Pergamon","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.07.009","usgsCitation":"Casazza, M.L., Ricca, M., Overton, C.T., Takekawa, J.Y., Merritt, A., and Ackerman, J., 2015, Dietary mercury exposure to endangered California Clapper Rails in San Francisco Bay: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 86, no. 1-2, p. 254-260, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.07.009.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"254","endPage":"260","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-055981","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294291,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294230,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.07.009"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.522833,37.445189 ], [ -122.522833,38.144192 ], [ -122.036897,38.144192 ], [ -122.036897,37.445189 ], [ -122.522833,37.445189 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"86","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb22e4b08312ac7ceff3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ricca, Mark A.","contributorId":39736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ricca","given":"Mark A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Overton, Cory T. 0000-0002-5060-7447 coverton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-7447","contributorId":3262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overton","given":"Cory","email":"coverton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":501945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Merritt, Angela amerritt@usgs.gov","contributorId":5894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merritt","given":"Angela","email":"amerritt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":501948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":501950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}