Changes in runoff and sediment yield caused by changing sagebrush cover to grass cover were studied at four small watersheds in western Colorado during a 9-year period. Measurements of runoff and sediment yield from four watersheds were made for 3 years, at which time two watersheds were plowed and seeded to beardless bluebunch wheatgrass. The same measurements were then continued for an additional 6 years.
Measurements indicated that conversion to grass caused a reduction in runoff from summer rainstorms of about 75 percent. Runoff from spring snowmelt increased about 12 percent and annual runoff from treated watersheds decreased about 20 percent when compared to control watersheds. Sediment yield from the seeded watersheds was reduced by about 80 percent. Most of this reduction is related to the decrease in runoff from summer rainstorms.
The size of barren interspaces between plants was reduced on the converted watersheds to about 30 percent of those on the untreated watersheds. Linear regression analysis indicates that a reduction of 38 percent in the amount of bare soil resulting from planting grass would result in a decrease of 73 percent in sediment concentration.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78289","programNote":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Lusby, G.C., 1978, Effects of converting sagebrush cover to grass on the hydrology of small watersheds at Boco Mountain, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-289, 93 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78289.","productDescription":"93 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144612,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0289/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":427472,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0289/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Boco Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.71673587633927,\n 39.74533201092149\n ],\n [\n -106.71673587633927,\n 39.70502272131293\n ],\n [\n -106.64962205949902,\n 39.70502272131293\n ],\n [\n -106.64962205949902,\n 39.74533201092149\n ],\n [\n -106.71673587633927,\n 39.74533201092149\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db615dcf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lusby, Gregg C.","contributorId":68290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lusby","given":"Gregg","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10114,"text":"ofr78348 - 1978 - Supplementary hydraulic analysis of proposed bridge site on Mohawk River, Whitesboro, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-17T20:54:38.588458","indexId":"ofr78348","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-348","title":"Supplementary hydraulic analysis of proposed bridge site on Mohawk River, Whitesboro, New York","docAbstract":"As a supplement to a 1975 report, titled \"Floodflow Characteristics at Proposed Bridge Site on Mohawk River, Whitesboro, New York,\" by Bernard Dunn (U.S. Geological. Survey open-file report), in which the hydraulic effects of two alternative highway plans during a large-magnitude flood were evaluated, a hydraulic analysis was made for a third highway plan. The two plans evaluated in the original report had been found by the State Department of Transportation to be infeasible. A design-flood discharge of 18,200 cubic feet per second was used in the new evaluation, as in the original report. The recurrence interval of that flood is approximately 100 years. The corresponding peak flood stage at the proposed bridge site was determined by the New York State Department of Transportation to be 411.8 feet.
During the design flood, the new proposed alternative would cause a 0.1-foot increase in water-surface elevation from the bridge to the approach section; 1,300 cubic feet per second would overflow the road north of the bridge and 6,800 cubic feet per second south of it. Discharge through the bridge would be 10,100 cubic feet per second.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78348","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with New York State Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Lumia, R., 1978, Supplementary hydraulic analysis of proposed bridge site on Mohawk River, Whitesboro, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-348, ii, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78348.","productDescription":"ii, 4 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413182,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0348/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144591,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0348/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","city":"Whitesboro","otherGeospatial":"Mohawk River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.30662121855386,\n 43.13256739587925\n ],\n [\n -75.30662121855386,\n 43.11202773792513\n ],\n [\n -75.24896748030349,\n 43.11202773792513\n ],\n [\n -75.24896748030349,\n 43.13256739587925\n ],\n [\n -75.30662121855386,\n 43.13256739587925\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6972c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lumia, Richard rlumia@usgs.gov","contributorId":4579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lumia","given":"Richard","email":"rlumia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":160838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10113,"text":"ofr7885 - 1978 - Floodflow analysis of Ninemile Creek, Onondaga County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-29T08:49:04","indexId":"ofr7885","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-85","title":"Floodflow analysis of Ninemile Creek, Onondaga County, New York","docAbstract":"A flood-stage and discharge analysis was made for a 3.61 mile reach of Ninemile Creek between Amboy and Camillus. Water-surface profiles were developed for 50-year, 100-year, and September 26, 1975 flood discharges at Camillus for four different channel conditions: (1) with four culverts at Camillus bypass and a bridge at County Road 36 (present conditions); (2) with only the culverts removed; (3) with only County Road 36 bridge removed; and (4) with the culverts and County Road 36 bridge removed (preconstruction conditions) The 50- and 100-year flood discharges at the Camillus gaging station were determined to be 4,700 and 5,500 cubic feet per second, respectively, and the September 1975 flood discharge was measured to be 2,120 cubic feet per second. If the four culverts are removed, peak water-surface elevations at the gaging station in Camillus during the 50- and 100-year flood would be decreased by 0.7 and 0.3 foot, respectively, relative to those calculated for present conditions. If only County Road 36 bridge is removed, water-surface elevations during the 50- and 100-year flood would be decreased by 0.2 and 0.3 foot, respectively. If both structures are removed, water-surface elevations during the 50- and 10--year floods would be decreased y 0.8 and 0.6 foot, respectively. None of the channel variations would have altered the water-surface elevation at the gage using the September 1975 flood discharge.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Albany, NY","doi":"10.3133/ofr7885","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with New York State Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Lumia, R., and Dunn, B., 1978, Floodflow analysis of Ninemile Creek, Onondaga County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-85, iii, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7885.","productDescription":"iii, 10 p.","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287785,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287784,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0085/report.pdf"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Onondaga County","otherGeospatial":"Ninemile Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 76.3,43.0 ], [ 76.3,43.1 ], [ 76.2,43.1 ], [ 76.2,43.0 ], [ 76.3,43.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7292","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lumia, Richard rlumia@usgs.gov","contributorId":4579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lumia","given":"Richard","email":"rlumia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":160836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunn, Bernard","contributorId":61423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunn","given":"Bernard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":46789,"text":"ofr78342 - 1978 - Geologic map of the Iron River 1? X 2? Quadrangle, Michigan and Wisconsin","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":46789,"text":"ofr78342 - 1978 - Geologic map of the Iron River 1? X 2? Quadrangle, Michigan and Wisconsin","indexId":"ofr78342","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Iron River 1? X 2? Quadrangle, Michigan and Wisconsin"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":64889,"text":"i1360B - 1986 - Bedrock geologic map of the Iron River 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, Michigan and Wisconsin","indexId":"i1360B","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Bedrock geologic map of the Iron River 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, Michigan and Wisconsin"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":64889,"text":"i1360B - 1986 - Bedrock geologic map of the Iron River 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, Michigan and Wisconsin","indexId":"i1360B","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Bedrock geologic map of the Iron River 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, Michigan and Wisconsin"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:48","indexId":"ofr78342","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-342","title":"Geologic map of the Iron River 1? X 2? Quadrangle, Michigan and Wisconsin","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr78342","usgsCitation":"Cannon, W.F., 1978, Geologic map of the Iron River 1? X 2? Quadrangle, Michigan and Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-342, 1 map., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78342.","productDescription":"1 map.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":171411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":108537,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_14693.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"14693"}],"scale":"250000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697eb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, William F. 0000-0002-2699-8118 wcannon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":1883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"William","email":"wcannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":234061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10017,"text":"ofr78235 - 1978 - Anomalous occurrence of uranium in alpine peats, Summit County, Colorado, and results of a simple sample fractionation procedure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-02T19:35:18.879404","indexId":"ofr78235","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-235","title":"Anomalous occurrence of uranium in alpine peats, Summit County, Colorado, and results of a simple sample fractionation procedure","docAbstract":"Samples from Summit County, Colo., were fractionated for analyses of organic content and uranium. The uranium is related to organic content but not to type of organic matter. In one area uranium values are around 100 ppm in bulk samples and as much as 200 ppm in certain separated fractions of the samples; this is much higher than the 1-10 ppm normal uranium values for peat.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78235","usgsCitation":"Leventhal, J.S., Jennings, J.K., and Lemke, A.J., 1978, Anomalous occurrence of uranium in alpine peats, Summit County, Colorado, and results of a simple sample fractionation procedure: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-235, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78235.","productDescription":"17 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406173,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74851.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":37855,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0235/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":143970,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0235/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Summit County","otherGeospatial":"Alpine Peaks","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.8778,\n 39.585\n ],\n [\n -105.8069,\n 39.585\n ],\n [\n -105.8069,\n 39.5219\n ],\n [\n -105.8778,\n 39.5219\n ],\n [\n -105.8778,\n 39.585\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b69b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leventhal, Joel S.","contributorId":36529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leventhal","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jennings, Joan K.","contributorId":53378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Joan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lemke, Alan J.","contributorId":96265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemke","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":10092,"text":"ofr78388 - 1978 - Mahd adh Dhahab: Precambrian epithermal gold deposit in Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-02T14:50:32","indexId":"ofr78388","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-388","title":"Mahd adh Dhahab: Precambrian epithermal gold deposit in Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English ","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr78388","usgsCitation":"Luce, R.W., O’Neil, J.R., and Rye, R.O., 1978, Mahd adh Dhahab: Precambrian epithermal gold deposit in Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-388, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78388.","productDescription":"46 p.","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":143994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0388/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":372802,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0388/report.pdf"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 33.7939453125,\n 16.678293098288513\n ],\n [\n 57.7001953125,\n 16.678293098288513\n ],\n [\n 57.7001953125,\n 32.24997445586331\n ],\n [\n 33.7939453125,\n 32.24997445586331\n ],\n [\n 33.7939453125,\n 16.678293098288513\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64966c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luce, Robert W.","contributorId":103685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luce","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Neil, James R.","contributorId":70762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rye, Robert O. rrye@usgs.gov","contributorId":1486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"Robert","email":"rrye@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":160808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":10063,"text":"ofr78597 - 1978 - Monitoring crustal deformation in the Geysers-Clear Lake geothermal area, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-02T21:45:19.77556","indexId":"ofr78597","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-597","title":"Monitoring crustal deformation in the Geysers-Clear Lake geothermal area, California","docAbstract":"Geodetic surveys since 1972-73 reveal significant crustal deformation in The Geysers-Clear Lake region. Resurveys of precise control networks are measuring both vertical and horizontal ground movement, with most of the change continuing in the area of geothermal fluid withdrawal. Preliminary evidence suggests right-lateral horizontal movement on northwest-trending fault systems and vertical and horizontal compression of the deep geothermal reservoir system. A direct correlation is suggested between ground-surface deformation and subsurface pressure changes in the reservoir system. Although surface changes appear too small to be of environmental concern in The Geysers-Clear Lake region, they indicate hydrodynamic changes in the reservoir of significant import. \r\n\r\nTwo types of vertical changes in The Geysers production area are indicated in the 1973-77 data--(a) a regional subsidence between the Collayomi and Mercuryville fault zones and (b) local subsidence directly related to the area of principal steam production. Maximum subsidence of 13 centimeters in 4? years occurred in the area of most concentrated steam withdrawals and where fluid-pressure declines were near maximum. Subsidence rates throughout the production area from 1973 to 1975 were about half the 1975-77 rates in apparent correlation with pressure changes measured in the reservoir system. Horizontal ground movement as great as 2.0 centimeters per year, generally inward toward the center of production, was measured around the perimeter of the steam production area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78597","usgsCitation":"Lofgren, B.E., 1978, Monitoring crustal deformation in the Geysers-Clear Lake geothermal area, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-597, Report: iv, 19 p.; 6 Plates: 31.38 × 12.74 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78597.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 19 p.; 6 Plates: 31.38 × 12.74 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":409091,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_14803.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":37924,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0597/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37925,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0597/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37923,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0597/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37928,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0597/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37927,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0597/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37926,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0597/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37929,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0597/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0597/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Geysers-Clear Lake geothermal area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 39\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698d27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lofgren, Ben Elder","contributorId":52973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lofgren","given":"Ben","email":"","middleInitial":"Elder","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":22983,"text":"ofr78410 - 1978 - Hydrologic data for urban storm runoff from three localities in the Denver metropolitan area, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-28T15:37:29","indexId":"ofr78410","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-410","title":"Hydrologic data for urban storm runoff from three localities in the Denver metropolitan area, Colorado","docAbstract":"Urban storm-runoff data, collected from 1975 to 1977, on three catchment areas in the Denver, Colo., metropolitan area are presented. The catchment are predominantly a single-family residential catchment area in Littleton, a multifamily residential and commercial catchment area in Lakewood, and a high-density residential and commercial catchment area in Denver. Precipitation, rainfall-runoff, snowmelt-runoff, water-quality (common constituents, nutrients, biochemical oxygen demand, coliform bacteria, and solids, trace elements, and pesticides), and catchment-area data are necessary to use the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 's Storm Water Management Model II. The urban storm-runoff data may be used by planning, water-management, and environmental-protection agencies to assess the impact of urban storm runoff on the hydrologic system. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr78410","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Ellis, S.R., 1978, Hydrologic data for urban storm runoff from three localities in the Denver metropolitan area, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-410, Report: vi, 135 p.; 3 Plates: 23.89 x 16.22 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78410.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 135 p.; 3 Plates: 23.89 x 16.22 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":365231,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0410/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52372,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0410/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52373,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0410/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0410/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52374,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0410/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Denver","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.3369140625,\n 39.52522954427751\n ],\n [\n -104.61181640625,\n 39.52522954427751\n ],\n [\n -104.61181640625,\n 39.9897471840457\n ],\n [\n -105.3369140625,\n 39.9897471840457\n ],\n [\n -105.3369140625,\n 39.52522954427751\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e901","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, Sherman R.","contributorId":41010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Sherman","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":39570,"text":"pp712D - 1978 - Hydrologic processes and radionuclide distribution in a cavity and chimney produced by the Cannikin nuclear explosion, Amchitka Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-15T20:26:16.195733","indexId":"pp712D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"712","chapter":"D","title":"Hydrologic processes and radionuclide distribution in a cavity and chimney produced by the Cannikin nuclear explosion, Amchitka Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp712D","usgsCitation":"Claassen, H., 1978, Hydrologic processes and radionuclide distribution in a cavity and chimney produced by the Cannikin nuclear explosion, Amchitka Island, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 712, Report: 27 p.; 1 Plate: 34.50 x 22.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp712D.","productDescription":"Report: 27 p.; 1 Plate: 34.50 x 22.50 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":484616,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_113900.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":67152,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0712d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67151,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0712d/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122231,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0712d/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Amchitka Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 179.25275267331563,\n 51.33956315534962\n ],\n [\n 179.49112175917583,\n 51.36223420066128\n ],\n [\n 179.39553212575987,\n 51.421126430176\n ],\n [\n 178.84982421853886,\n 51.64392567497552\n ],\n [\n 178.6150851187565,\n 51.677701728838\n ],\n [\n 178.59814518372121,\n 51.63266139516509\n ],\n [\n 178.76996452479904,\n 51.5620081900241\n ],\n [\n 179.2261327754033,\n 51.341074907368835\n ],\n [\n 179.25275267331563,\n 51.33956315534962\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db6056d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Claassen, H.C.","contributorId":74028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claassen","given":"H.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10056,"text":"ofr78125 - 1978 - A laboratory control system using the PDP 1103 microprocessor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:36","indexId":"ofr78125","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-125","title":"A laboratory control system using the PDP 1103 microprocessor","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78125","usgsCitation":"Lockner, D.A., Weeks, J.D., and Byerlee, J., 1978, A laboratory control system using the PDP 1103 microprocessor: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-125, 18, [19] leaves :ill. ;28 cm.; (32 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78125.","productDescription":"18, [19] leaves :ill. ;28 cm.; (32 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144406,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0125/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37905,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0125/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae3e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lockner, David A. 0000-0001-8630-6833 dlockner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"David","email":"dlockner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":160741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weeks, John D.","contributorId":104067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Byerlee, J.D.","contributorId":69982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byerlee","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":22353,"text":"ofr781000 - 1978 - Quality of water and time of solute travel in Tallahala Creek near Laurel, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:51","indexId":"ofr781000","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-1000","title":"Quality of water and time of solute travel in Tallahala Creek near Laurel, Mississippi","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr781000","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Arthur, J.K., 1978, Quality of water and time of solute travel in Tallahala Creek near Laurel, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-1000, iv, 47 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr781000.","productDescription":"iv, 47 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153571,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b42eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arthur, James K.","contributorId":84785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arthur","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10039,"text":"ofr78512 - 1978 - Petrology of Potomac Group sands in Fairfax County, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:35","indexId":"ofr78512","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-512","title":"Petrology of Potomac Group sands in Fairfax County, Virginia","docAbstract":"The Potomac Group sands sampled in Fairfax County are dominantly microcline-rich lithic arkoses. Quartz averages 59%, microcline 25%, plagioclase less than 1% and lithic grains 16%. Most sands are texturally submature and medium grained. Microcline is somewhat more abundant in the deeper beds in the subsurface than in the shallow subsurface and outcrop sections, with quartz correspondingly more abundant at the surface. Zircon is the only abundant non-opaque heavy mineral in the outcrop section as well as in the shallow subsurface, but tourmaline, rutile and staurolite are also common. In contrast, the lower beds in the subsurface have a heavy mineral assemblage with zircon, garnet and apatite as the dominant species. \r\n\r\nSeveral alternative explanations for the vertical variation in mineral assemblages from less to more stable types in the Potomac Group sands are possible: 1) removal of primary Piedmont apatite-bearing igneous and garnet-bearing metamorphic source rock by erosion or burial by overlapping Potomac Group sediments, 2) deep weathering of primary Piedmont source areas and destruction of less stable minerals (apatite and garnet) in Cretaceous time, 3) destruction of less stable minerals (apatite and garnet) near the surface and in the shallow subsurface by post-Cretaceous deep weathering and/or intrastratal solution.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78512","usgsCitation":"Lindholm, R.C., 1978, Petrology of Potomac Group sands in Fairfax County, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-512, 37 leaves :ill., maps (some fold. in envelope) ;29 cm.; (38 p., 3 sheets - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78512.","productDescription":"37 leaves :ill., maps (some fold. in envelope) ;29 cm.; (38 p., 3 sheets - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144872,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0512/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37887,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0512/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37888,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0512/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37889,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0512/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37890,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0512/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a91e4b07f02db65708a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindholm, Roy C.","contributorId":99151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindholm","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28076,"text":"wri782 - 1978 - Interim report on streamflow, sediment discharge, and water quality in the Calabazas Creek Basin, Santa Clara County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-15T10:11:50","indexId":"wri782","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-2","title":"Interim report on streamflow, sediment discharge, and water quality in the Calabazas Creek Basin, Santa Clara County, California","docAbstract":"Streamflow, sediment-discharge, and water-quality data are being collected in the Calabazas Creek basin, Santa Clara County, Calif., to determine annual water and sediment discharge at base-line conditions that are representative of a basin prior to urbanization. Results of the first 3 years of the study (1973-75) are given in this report. Climatic conditions during this period were representative of a very wet year (1973) and 2 years of above-average rainfall (1974 and 1975). Daily water and sediment discharge were monitored at three primary stations, and periodic measurements were made at five secondary stations during selected storms. Most of the total annual sediment discharge at each station was transported during a few days each year. Maximum daily sediment discharge in a given year ranged from 23 to 62 percent of the annual total. Daily water discharge at the gaging station Calabazas Creek at Rainbow Drive, near Cupertino, ranged from no flow to 3.31 cubic meters per second. Streamflow at this location was significantly augmented during low flow by diversion of water from the South Bay Aqueduct. Annual sediment discharge at Calabazas Creek at Rainbow Drive was 4,900 t in 1974 and 9,570 t in 1975. A large quantity of sediment was trapped in a debris basin at Comer Drive upstream from this station during both years. If this sediment had not been trapped, sediment discharge at the station would have been about 35 percent greater in 1974 and 30 percent greater in 1975. Most of the trapped sediment consists of sand and gravel that would probably have been deposited in the Calabazas Creek channel downstream from the station. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri782","usgsCitation":"Knott, J.M., Pederson, G., and Middelburg, R.F., 1978, Interim report on streamflow, sediment discharge, and water quality in the Calabazas Creek Basin, Santa Clara County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-2, v, 41 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri782.","productDescription":"v, 41 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365504,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0002/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158034,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0002/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Santa Clara County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.07733154296875,\n 37.05188914776302\n ],\n [\n -121.47171020507811,\n 37.05188914776302\n ],\n [\n -121.47171020507811,\n 37.41052799460727\n ],\n [\n -122.07733154296875,\n 37.41052799460727\n ],\n [\n -122.07733154296875,\n 37.05188914776302\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db6877c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knott, J. M.","contributorId":77909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pederson, G.L.","contributorId":90781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pederson","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Middelburg, Robert F.","contributorId":35360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middelburg","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":10599,"text":"ofr78140 - 1978 - Distribution of organic carbon and petroleum source rock potential of Cretaceous and lower Tertiary carbonates, south Florida basin: Preliminary results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-16T18:24:27.785516","indexId":"ofr78140","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-140","title":"Distribution of organic carbon and petroleum source rock potential of Cretaceous and lower Tertiary carbonates, south Florida basin: Preliminary results","docAbstract":"Analyses of 134 core samples from the South Florida Basin show that the carbonates of Comanchean age are relatively richer in average organic carbon (0.41 percent) than those of Coahuilan age (0.28 percent), Gulfian age (0.18 percent) and Paleocene age (0.20 percent). They are also nearly twice as rich as the average world, wide carbonate (average 0.24 percent). The majority of carbonates have organic carbons less than 0.30 percent but the presence of many relatively organic rich beds composed of highly bituminous, argillaceous, highly stylolitic, and algal-bearing limestones and dolomites accounts for the higher percentage of organic carbon in some of the stratigraphic \r\nunits. \r\n\r\nCarbonate rocks that contain greater than 0.4 percent organic carbon and that might be considered as possible petroleum sources were noted in almost each subdivision of the Coahuilan and Comanchean Series but particularly the units of Fredericksburg 'B', Trinity 'A', Trinity 'F', and Upper Sunniland. Possible source rocks have been ascribed by others to the Lower Sunniland, but lack of sufficient samples precluded any firm assessment in this initial report. \r\n\r\nIn the shallower section of the basin, organic-rich carbonates containing as much as 3.2 percent organic carbon were observed in the lowermost part of the Gulfian Series and carbonate rocks with oil staining or 'dead' and 'live oil' were noted by others in the uppermost Gulfian and upper Cedar Keys Formation. It is questionable whether these shallower rocks are of sufficient thermal maturity to have generated commercial oil.\r\n\r\nThe South Florida basin is still sparsely drilled and produces only from the Sunniland Limestone at an average depth of 11,500 feet (3500 m). Because the Sunniland contains good reservoir rocks and apparently adequate source rocks, and because the success rate of new oil field discoveries has increased in recent years, the chances of finding additional oil reserves in the Sunniland are promising. Furthermore, the presence of possible source rocks in many of the other stratigraphic units, in particular, the Fredericksburg, should give further impetus to exploring for other productive horizons.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78140","usgsCitation":"Palacas, J.G., 1978, Distribution of organic carbon and petroleum source rock potential of Cretaceous and lower Tertiary carbonates, south Florida basin: Preliminary results: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-140, Report: 43 p.; 6 Plates: 11.32 × 57.82 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78140.","productDescription":"Report: 43 p.; 6 Plates: 11.32 × 57.82 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406869,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74835.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":38435,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0140/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":38434,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0140/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":38433,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0140/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":38432,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0140/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":38431,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0140/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":38430,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0140/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":38429,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0140/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":143028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0140/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"south Florida basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86,\n 24.5\n ],\n [\n -80,\n 24.5\n ],\n [\n -80,\n 28\n ],\n [\n -86,\n 28\n ],\n [\n -86,\n 24.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640834","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palacas, James George","contributorId":72791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palacas","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9958,"text":"ofr78461 - 1978 - Ground-water availability in the Hayes-Red Willow, Frenchman, and Meeker-Driftwood irrigation districts, southwest Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-13T17:22:28.07217","indexId":"ofr78461","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-461","title":"Ground-water availability in the Hayes-Red Willow, Frenchman, and Meeker-Driftwood irrigation districts, southwest Nebraska","docAbstract":"Surface-water supplies are diminishing in the Hitchcock-Red Willow and Frenchman Valley Irrigation Districts in southwest Nebraska. Stream depletions due to ground-water withdrawals upstream from Enders Reservoir (northwest of the study area) have resulted in a shortage of about 8,700 acre-feet per year. The availability of ground water to supply part of this deficit was examined. Two surficial aquifers that are currently economical to develop were investigated.
The Ogallala aquifer of late Tertiary age which underlies all the area except the major stream valleys has a hydraulic conductivity averaging less than 200 gallons per day per square foot. Hydraulic conductivities and saturated thicknesses are greater north of and parallel to the Republican River from McCook to Culbertson. The most productive aquifer comprises alluvial deposits of Pleistocene and Holocene age which occupy the valleys of the Republican River and Frenchman Creek. Saturated thickness of this aquifer averages 5O feet, and hydraulic conductivity averages 1,000 gallons per day per square foot. The two aquifers are hydraulically connected except where the bedrock surface on both sides of the Republican River valley is higher than the water levels in the aquifers.
Canal seepage and deep percolation have caused water levels to rise as much as 20 feet in the Hitchcock-Red Willow and Frenchman Valley Irrigation Districts north of the Republican River and as much as 40 feet in the Meeker-Driftwood Irrigation District south of the River. Streamflow accretions from ground water have not increased significantly on Frenchman, Blackwood, or Driftwood Creeks. Ground-water inflow to the Republican River has increased about 6 cubic feet per second between Trenton and McCook.
A digital model of the stream aquifer system was used to simulate the pre-1976 hydrology and assess future conditions for two supply-well configurations as well as for existing private irrigation wells. The first supply-well configuration could sustain less than 37 percent of the well-field capacity of 5,970 acre-feet per year. Projected maximum stream depletions were 12 cubic feet per second on Frenchman Creek and 4 cubic feet per second on Blackwood Creek. The second supply-well configuration could sustain 79 percent of the well-field capacity of 2,780 acre-feet per year. Simulated stream depletions were less than 5 percent of mean annual flow at the end of 19 years. Model simulation indicated that existing wells could supply consumptive-irrigation requirements to district lands for at least 19 years, with well failures limited to areas in the Meeker-Driftwood District where the aquifer is thin.
The U. S. Geological Survey's National Center is on a 105-acre tract straddling rocks of two distinct types. These are pelitic schists of late Precambrian and early Paleozoic age; and sandstone, shale, siltstone, and conglomerate of Triassic age. Within the Triassic part is a diabase dike and an associated contact metamorphic zone.
Two observation wells and two core holes were drilled on the part of the property underlain by Triassic rocks. The wells are 10-inch and 8-inch diameter and were drilled to depths of 165 feet and 205 feet. The wells were drilled to monitor water levels, for equipment testing, and to determine the hydraulic properties of the Triassic rocks. Geophysical logs were run, and good correlations were found between the electric and caliper logs and the lithologic logs prepared from drill cuttings and cores.
An aquifer test was made and was analyzed by the Theis method which considers nonleaky artesian conditions and the Streltsova method which considers flow in fractured rocks. The test results suggest that transmissivity of the sandstone aquifer is about 40 ft2/day. Flowmeter surveys showed that the water comes from two thin zones parallel to the bedding. The flowmeter surveys, core samples, and geophysical logs suggest that the Triassic sandstone is a fractured-rock aquifer. Water is probably derived from partings and joints parallel to bedding which in turn are fed by vertical joints and fractures.
A water sample taken at the close of the aquifer test indicates that the water has a low dissolved solids content, is soft, and is generally of excellent quality.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78144","usgsCitation":"Larson, J.D., 1978, Hydrogeology of the observation well site at the United States Geological Survey National Center, Reston, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-144, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78144.","productDescription":"35 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":407898,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0144/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0144/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","city":"Reston","otherGeospatial":"United States Geological Survey National Center","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.37044334411621,\n 38.94393982589585\n ],\n [\n -77.36407041549683,\n 38.94393982589585\n ],\n [\n -77.36407041549683,\n 38.948212067795126\n ],\n [\n -77.37044334411621,\n 38.948212067795126\n ],\n [\n -77.37044334411621,\n 38.94393982589585\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db684702","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, J. D.","contributorId":83084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"J.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9965,"text":"ofr79202 - 1978 - Direct solution algorithm for the two-dimensional ground-water flow model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:19","indexId":"ofr79202","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-202","title":"Direct solution algorithm for the two-dimensional ground-water flow model","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr79202","usgsCitation":"Larson, S.P., 1978, Direct solution algorithm for the two-dimensional ground-water flow model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-202, 25 p. :ill. ;27 cm. --, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79202.","productDescription":"25 p. :ill. ;27 cm. --","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142424,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0202/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37766,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0202/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64abdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, S. P.","contributorId":34903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":18203,"text":"ofr78239 - 1978 - Water-resources investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey in Wyoming, fiscal year 1978","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-09T10:18:08","indexId":"ofr78239","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-239","title":"Water-resources investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey in Wyoming, fiscal year 1978","docAbstract":"This report contains lists of streamflow and reservoir stations, peak-flow partial-record stations, chemical-quality stations, sediment stations, and observation wells where water levels are measured in Wyoming. The locations of the basic-data sites are shown on maps. Thirty-two water-resources appraisal projects in Wyoming are also described, including many that are related to the development of energy resources. The general locations of the projects are shown on maps. The report serves as an annual progress report to cooperators and the public.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Cheyenne, WY","doi":"10.3133/ofr78239","usgsCitation":"Boner, F.C., 1978, Water-resources investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey in Wyoming, fiscal year 1978: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-239, v, 106 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78239.","productDescription":"v, 106 p.","numberOfPages":"112","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":47568,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0239/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":150720,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0239/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9c1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boner, F. C.","contributorId":32136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boner","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":46809,"text":"ofr78529E - 1978 - Geochemical map showing the distribution and abundance of copper, lead, and zinc in the nonmagnetic heavy-mineral concentrate samples in the Big Delta quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:55","indexId":"ofr78529E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-529","chapter":"E","title":"Geochemical map showing the distribution and abundance of copper, lead, and zinc in the nonmagnetic heavy-mineral concentrate samples in the Big Delta quadrangle, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr78529E","usgsCitation":"Hessin, T.D., Taufen, P.M., Cooley, E., and McDougal, C.M., 1978, Geochemical map showing the distribution and abundance of copper, lead, and zinc in the nonmagnetic heavy-mineral concentrate samples in the Big Delta quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-529, 1 map ;47 x 61 cm. on sheet 61 x 124 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78529E.","productDescription":"1 map ;47 x 61 cm. on sheet 61 x 124 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":134578,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":83717,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0529e/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a821b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hessin, Thomas D.","contributorId":63355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hessin","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taufen, P. M.","contributorId":61014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taufen","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooley, E.F.","contributorId":83072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooley","given":"E.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McDougal, C. M.","contributorId":21129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDougal","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":10198,"text":"ofr78929 - 1978 - Regional and local networks of horizontal control, Cerro Prieto geothermal area, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-24T20:23:08.42883","indexId":"ofr78929","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-929","title":"Regional and local networks of horizontal control, Cerro Prieto geothermal area, Mexico","docAbstract":"The Cerro Prieto geothermal area in the Mexicali Valley 30 km southeast of Mexicali, Baja California, is probably deforming due to (1) the extraction of large volumes of steam and hot water, and (2) active tectonism. Two networks of precise horizontal control were established in Mexicali Valley by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1977-78 to measure both types of movement as they occur. These networks consisted of (1) a regional trilateration net brought into the mountain ranges west of the geothermal area from survey stations on an existing U.S. Geological Survey crustal-strain network north of the international border, and (2) a local net tied to stations in the regional net and encompassing the area of present and planned geothermal production. Survey lines in this net were selected to span areas of probable ground-surface movements in and around the geothermal area.
Electronic distance measuring (EDM) instruments, operating with a modulated laser beam, were used to measure the distances between stations in both networks. The regional net was run using a highly precise long-range EDM instrument, helicopters for transportation of men and equipment to inaccessible stations on mountain peaks, and a fixed wing airplane flying along the line of sight. Precision of measurements with this complex long-range system approached 0.2 parts per million of line length. The local net was measured with medium range EDM instrument requiring minimal ancillary equipment. Precision of measurements with this less complex system approached 3 parts per million for the shorter line lengths.
The detection and analysis of ground-surface movements resulting from tectonic strains or induced by geothermal fluid withdrawal is dependent on subsequent resurveys of these networks.
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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf930","usgsCitation":"Stewart, J.H., and Carlson, J.E., 1978, Sources of data for geologic map of Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 930, 1 Plate: 45.40 × 33.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf930.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 45.40 × 33.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":183267,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":400462,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_6768.htm"},{"id":276312,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0930/plate-1.pdf"}],"scale":"1000000","country":"United 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