{"pageNumber":"524","pageRowStart":"13075","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46670,"records":[{"id":70107909,"text":"70107909 - 2014 - Unsaturated flow characterization utilizing water content data collected within the capillary fringe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-21T10:06:24","indexId":"70107909","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-21T10:01:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":686,"text":"Air, Soil and Water Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unsaturated flow characterization utilizing water content data collected within the capillary fringe","docAbstract":"An analysis is presented to determine unsaturated zone hydraulic parameters based on detailed water content profiles, which can be readily acquired during hydrological investigations. Core samples taken through the unsaturated zone allow for the acquisition of gravimetrically determined water content data as a function of elevation at 3 inch intervals. This dense spacing of data provides several measurements of the water content within the capillary fringe, which are utilized to determine capillary pressure function parameters via least-squares calibration. The water content data collected above the capillary fringe are used to calculate dimensionless flow as a function of elevation providing a snapshot characterization of flow through the unsaturated zone. The water content at a flow stagnation point provides an in situ estimate of specific yield. In situ determinations of capillary pressure function parameters utilizing this method, together with particle-size distributions, can provide a valuable supplement to data libraries of unsaturated zone hydraulic parameters. The method is illustrated using data collected from plots within an agricultural research facility in Wisconsin.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Air, Soil and Water Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Libertas Academica","doi":"10.4137/ASWR.S13282","usgsCitation":"Baehr, A., and Reilly, T.J., 2014, Unsaturated flow characterization utilizing water content data collected within the capillary fringe: Air, Soil and Water Research, v. 7, p. 47-52, https://doi.org/10.4137/ASWR.S13282.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"6","ipdsId":"IP-043817","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4137/aswr.s13282","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":287442,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287395,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4137/ASWR.S13282"}],"volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537dbcd0e4b05ed6215c0795","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baehr, Arthur","contributorId":56979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"Arthur","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reilly, Timothy J. 0000-0002-2939-3050 tjreilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2939-3050","contributorId":1858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Timothy","email":"tjreilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70099229,"text":"fs20133107 - 2014 - Water resources of De Soto Parish, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-27T08:41:22","indexId":"fs20133107","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-21T07:49:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3107","title":"Water resources of De Soto Parish, Louisiana","docAbstract":"Information concerning the availability, use, and quality of water in De Soto Parish, Louisiana, is critical for proper water-supply management. The purpose of this fact sheet is to present information that can be used by water managers, parish residents, and others for stewardship of this vital resource. Information on the availability, past and current use, use trends, and water quality from groundwater and surface-water sources in the parish is presented. Previously published reports and data stored in the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water Information System (http://waterdata. usgs.gov/nwis) are the primary sources of the information presented here.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133107","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development","usgsCitation":"Prakken, L., and White, V.E., 2014, Water resources of De Soto Parish, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3107, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133107.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052133","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287367,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133107.jpg"},{"id":287360,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3107/pdf/fs2013-3107.pdf"},{"id":287332,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3107/"}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","datum":"NAD 1983","country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"De Soto Parish","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.0,31.916667 ], [ -94.0,32.333333 ], [ -93.5,32.333333 ], [ -93.5,31.916667 ], [ -94.0,31.916667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537dbcd1e4b05ed6215c0799","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prakken, Lawrence B.","contributorId":73978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prakken","given":"Lawrence B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Vincent E. 0000-0002-1660-0102 vwhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1660-0102","contributorId":5388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Vincent","email":"vwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70107483,"text":"70107483 - 2014 - Three-dimensional seismic velocity structure and earthquake relocations at Katmai, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-13T08:33:58","indexId":"70107483","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-20T16:21:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional seismic velocity structure and earthquake relocations at Katmai, Alaska","docAbstract":"

We invert arrival time data from local earthquakes occurring between September 2004 and May 2009 to determine the three-dimensional (3D) upper crustal seismic structure in the Katmai volcanic region. Waveforms for the study come from the Alaska Volcano Observatory's permanent network of 20 seismic stations in the area (predominantly single-component, short period instruments) plus a densely spaced temporary array of 11 broadband, 3-component stations. The absolute and relative arrival times are used in a double-difference seismic tomography inversion to solve for 3D P- and S-wave velocity models for an area encompassing the main volcanic centers.

\n
\n

The relocated hypocenters provide insight into the geometry of seismogenic structures in the area, revealing clustering of events into four distinct zones associated with Martin, Mageik, Trident-Novarupta, and Mount Katmai. The seismic activity extends from about sea level to 2 km depth (all depths referenced to mean sea level) beneath Martin, is concentrated near 2 km depth beneath Mageik, and lies mainly between 2 and 4 km depth below Katmai and Trident-Novarupta. Many new features are apparent within these earthquake clusters. In particular, linear features are visible within all clusters, some associated with swarm activity, including an observation of earthquake migration near Trident in 2008. The final velocity model reveals a possible zone of magma storage beneath Mageik, but there is no clear evidence for magma beneath the Katmai-Novarupta area where the 1912 eruptive activity occurred, suggesting that the storage zone for that eruption may have largely been evacuated, or remnant magma has solidified.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.02.022","usgsCitation":"Murphy, R., Thurber, C., Prejean, S.G., and Bennington, N., 2014, Three-dimensional seismic velocity structure and earthquake relocations at Katmai, Alaska: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 276, p. 121-131, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.02.022.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"131","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-053687","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287331,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -156.0,57.75 ], [ -156.0,58.75 ], [ -154.0,58.75 ], [ -154.0,57.75 ], [ -156.0,57.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"276","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537c6b52e4b00e1e1a484836","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, Rachel","contributorId":65009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Rachel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurber, Clifford","contributorId":44067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurber","given":"Clifford","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prejean, Stephanie G. sprejean@usgs.gov","contributorId":2602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prejean","given":"Stephanie","email":"sprejean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bennington, Ninfa","contributorId":49699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennington","given":"Ninfa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70107484,"text":"70107484 - 2014 - Seismicity and seismic structure at Okmok Volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-13T08:55:37","indexId":"70107484","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-20T16:16:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismicity and seismic structure at Okmok Volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"

Okmok volcano is an active volcanic caldera located on the northeastern portion of Umnak Island in the Aleutian arc, with recent eruptions in 1997 and 2008. The Okmok area had ~900 locatable earthquakes between 2003 and June 2008, and an additional ~600 earthquakes from the beginning of the 2008 eruption to mid 2009, providing an adequate dataset for seismic tomography. To image the seismic velocity structure of Okmok, we apply waveform cross-correlation using bispectrum verification and double-difference tomography to a subset of these earthquakes. We also perform P-wave attenuation tomography using a spectral decay technique. We examine the spatio-temporal characteristics of seismicity in the opening sequence of the 2008 eruption to investigate the path of magma migration during the establishment of a new eruptive vent. We also incorporate the new earthquake relocations and three-dimensional (3D) velocity model with first-motion polarities to compute focal mechanisms for selected events in the 2008 pre-eruptive and eruptive periods.

\n
\n

Through these techniques we obtain precise relocations, a well-constrained 3D P-wave velocity model, and a marginally resolved S-wave velocity model. We image a main low Vp and Vs anomaly directly under the caldera consisting of a shallow zone at 0–2 km depth connected to a larger deeper zone that extends to about 6 km depth. We find that areas of low Qp are concentrated in the central to southwestern portion of the caldera and correspond fairly well with areas of low Vp. We interpret the deeper part of the low velocity anomaly (4–6 km depth) beneath the caldera as a magma body. This is consistent with results from ambient noise tomography and suggests that previous estimates of depth to Okmok's magma chamber based only on geodetic data may be too shallow. The distribution of events preceding the 2008 eruption suggest that a combination of overpressure in the zone surrounding the magma chamber and the introduction of new material from below were jointly responsible for the explosive eruption. Magma escaping from the top of the main magma chamber likely reacted with both a smaller shallow pod of magma and groundwater on its way up below the Cone D area. The earthquakes in the 2008 pre-eruptive and eruptive periods are found to have a mixture of strike-slip, oblique normal, and oblique thrust mechanisms, with a dominant P-axis orientation that is nearly perpendicular to the regional tectonic stress. This may indicate that the stresses related to magmatic activity locally dominated regional tectonic forces during this time period.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.04.002","usgsCitation":"Ohlendorf, S.J., Thurber, C.H., Pesicek, J., and Prejean, S.G., 2014, Seismicity and seismic structure at Okmok Volcano, Alaska: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 278-279, p. 103-119, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.04.002.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"119","numberOfPages":"17","ipdsId":"IP-049682","costCenters":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287330,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Okmok Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -169.1235,52.7363 ], [ -169.1235,54.1978 ], [ -166.1792,54.1978 ], [ -166.1792,52.7363 ], [ -169.1235,52.7363 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"278-279","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537c6b51e4b00e1e1a48482e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ohlendorf, Summer J.","contributorId":58566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlendorf","given":"Summer","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurber, Clifford H. 0000-0002-4940-4618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4940-4618","contributorId":73184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thurber","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":493920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pesicek, Jeremy D. 0000-0001-7964-5845","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7964-5845","contributorId":9577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pesicek","given":"Jeremy D.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Prejean, Stephanie G. sprejean@usgs.gov","contributorId":2602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prejean","given":"Stephanie","email":"sprejean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70100506,"text":"ofr20141008 - 2014 - Accuracy assessment of the U.S. Geological Survey National Elevation Dataset, and comparison with other large-area elevation datasets: SRTM and ASTER","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-20T15:08:46","indexId":"ofr20141008","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-20T15:03:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1008","title":"Accuracy assessment of the U.S. Geological Survey National Elevation Dataset, and comparison with other large-area elevation datasets: SRTM and ASTER","docAbstract":"The National Elevation Dataset (NED) is the primary elevation data product produced and distributed by the U.S. Geological Survey. The NED provides seamless raster elevation data of the conterminous United States, Alaska, Hawaii, U.S. island territories, Mexico, and Canada. The NED is derived from diverse source datasets that are processed to a specification with consistent resolutions, coordinate system, elevation units, and horizontal and vertical datums. The NED serves as the elevation layer of The National Map, and it provides basic elevation information for earth science studies and mapping applications in the United States and most of North America. An important part of supporting scientific and operational use of the NED is provision of thorough dataset documentation including data quality and accuracy metrics. The focus of this report is on the vertical accuracy of the NED and on comparison of the NED with other similar large-area elevation datasets, namely data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141008","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Gesch, D.B., Oimoen, M.J., and Evans, G.A., 2014, Accuracy assessment of the U.S. Geological Survey National Elevation Dataset, and comparison with other large-area elevation datasets: SRTM and ASTER: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1008, iv, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141008.","productDescription":"iv, 10 p.","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052825","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287323,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1008/"},{"id":287324,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1008/pdf/ofr2014-1008.pdf"},{"id":287325,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141008.jpg"}],"scale":"10000000","projection":"Lambert Azimuthal Equidistant projection","country":"Canada;Mexico;United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 190.0,15.0 ], [ 190.0,75.0 ], [ -40.0,75.0 ], [ -40.0,15.0 ], [ 190.0,15.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537c6b50e4b00e1e1a48481e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gesch, Dean B. 0000-0002-8992-4933 gesch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8992-4933","contributorId":2956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gesch","given":"Dean","email":"gesch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oimoen, Michael J. 0000-0003-3611-6227 oimoen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3611-6227","contributorId":4757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oimoen","given":"Michael","email":"oimoen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, Gayla A. 0000-0001-5072-4232 gevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5072-4232","contributorId":3125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Gayla","email":"gevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70107358,"text":"ofr20131170C - 2014 - The search for geologic evidence of distant-source tsunamis using new field data in California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70107358,"text":"ofr20131170C - 2014 - The search for geologic evidence of distant-source tsunamis using new field data in California","indexId":"ofr20131170C","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"The search for geologic evidence of distant-source tsunamis using new field data in California"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70047964,"text":"ofr20131170 - 2013 - The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario","indexId":"ofr20131170","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70047964,"text":"ofr20131170 - 2013 - The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario","indexId":"ofr20131170","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-09T20:55:53.236697","indexId":"ofr20131170C","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-20T14:53:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1170","chapter":"C","title":"The search for geologic evidence of distant-source tsunamis using new field data in California","docAbstract":"A statewide assessment for geological evidence of tsunamis, primarily from distant-source events, found tsunami deposits at several locations, though evidence was absent at most locations evaluated. Several historical distant-source tsunamis, including the 1946 Aleutian, 1960 Chile, and 1964 Alaska events, caused inundation along portions of the northern and central California coast. Recent numerical tsunami modeling results identify the eastern Aleutian Islands subduction zone as the “worstcase” distant-source region, with the potential for causing tsunami runups of 7–10 m in northern and central California and 3–4 m in southern California. These model results, along with a review of historical topographic maps and past geotechnical evaluations, guided site selection for tsunami deposit surveys. A reconnaissance of 20 coastal marshlands was performed through site visits and coring of shallow surface sediments to determine if evidence for past tsunamis existed. Although conclusive evidence of tsunami deposits was not found at most of the sites evaluated, geologic evidence consistent with tsunami inundation was found at two locations: Three marshes in the Crescent City area and Pillar Point marsh near Half Moon Bay. Potential tsunami deposits were also evaluated at the Carpinteria Salt Marsh Reserve in Santa Barbara County. In Crescent City, deposits were ascribed to tsunamis on the basis of stratigraphic architecture, particle size, and microfossil content, and they were further assigned to the 1964 Alaska and 1700 Cascadia tsunamis on the basis of dating by cesium-137 and radiocarbon methods, respectively. The 1946 tsunami sand deposit was clearly identified throughout Pillar Point marsh, and one to two other similar but highly discontinuous sand layers were present within 0.5 m of the surface. A tsunami-origin interpretation for sand layers at Carpinteria is merely consistent with graded bedding and unsupported by diatom or foraminiferal assemblages. Additional studies, including age dating, grain-size, and microfossil analyses are underway for the deposits at Crescent City, Pillar Point marsh, and Carpinteria, which may help further identify if other tsunami deposits exist at those sites. The absence of evidence for tsunamis at other sites examined should not preclude further work beyond the reconnaissance-level investigations at those locations.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) tsunami scenario (Open File Report 2013-1170)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131170C","usgsCitation":"Wilson, R., Hemphill-Haley, E., Jaffe, B., Richmond, B., Peters, R., Graehl, N., Kelsey, H., Leeper, R., Watt, S., McGann, M., Hoirup, D.F., Chague-Goff, C., Goff, J., Caldwell, D., and Loofbourrow, C., 2014, The search for geologic evidence of distant-source tsunamis using new field data in California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1170, viii, 122 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131170C.","productDescription":"viii, 122 p.","numberOfPages":"132","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-048851","costCenters":[{"id":553,"text":"Science Application for Risk Reduction (SAFRR)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287317,"rank":11,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/c/"},{"id":287322,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131170C.jpg"},{"id":287321,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/c/pdf/ofr2013-1170c.pdf"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator Projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-122.421439,37.869969],[-122.41847,37.852721],[-122.434403,37.852434],[-122.446316,37.861046],[-122.430958,37.872242],[-122.421439,37.869969]]],[[[-122.3785,37.826505],[-122.377879,37.830648],[-122.369941,37.832137],[-122.358779,37.814278],[-122.362661,37.807577],[-122.372422,37.811301],[-122.3785,37.826505]]],[[[-120.248484,33.999329],[-120.230001,34.010136],[-120.19578,34.004284],[-120.167306,34.008219],[-120.147647,34.024831],[-120.140362,34.025974],[-120.115058,34.019866],[-120.090182,34.019806],[-120.073609,34.024477],[-120.057637,34.03734],[-120.043259,34.035806],[-120.050382,34.013331],[-120.046575,34.000002],[-120.011123,33.979894],[-119.978876,33.983081],[-119.979913,33.969623],[-119.97026,33.944359],[-120.017715,33.936366],[-120.048611,33.915775],[-120.098601,33.907853],[-120.121817,33.895712],[-120.168974,33.91909],[-120.224461,33.989059],[-120.248484,33.999329]]],[[[-119.789798,34.05726],[-119.755521,34.056716],[-119.712576,34.043265],[-119.686507,34.019805],[-119.637742,34.013178],[-119.612226,34.021256],[-119.604287,34.031561],[-119.608798,34.035245],[-119.59324,34.049625],[-119.5667,34.053452],[-119.52064,34.034262],[-119.542449,34.021082],[-119.547072,34.005469],[-119.560464,33.99553],[-119.575636,33.996009],[-119.596877,33.988611],[-119.662825,33.985889],[-119.721206,33.959583],[-119.742966,33.963877],[-119.758141,33.959212],[-119.842748,33.97034],[-119.873358,33.980375],[-119.884896,34.008814],[-119.876329,34.032087],[-119.916216,34.058351],[-119.923337,34.069361],[-119.919155,34.07728],[-119.912857,34.077508],[-119.857304,34.071298],[-119.825865,34.059794],[-119.818742,34.052997],[-119.789798,34.05726]]],[[[-120.46258,34.042627],[-120.440248,34.036918],[-120.415287,34.05496],[-120.403613,34.050442],[-120.390906,34.051994],[-120.368813,34.06778],[-120.370176,34.074907],[-120.362251,34.073056],[-120.354982,34.059256],[-120.36029,34.05582],[-120.358608,34.050235],[-120.346946,34.046576],[-120.331161,34.049097],[-120.302122,34.023574],[-120.317052,34.018837],[-120.347706,34.020114],[-120.35793,34.015029],[-120.409368,34.032198],[-120.427408,34.025425],[-120.454134,34.028081],[-120.465329,34.038448],[-120.46258,34.042627]]],[[[-118.524531,32.895488],[-118.535823,32.90628],[-118.551134,32.945155],[-118.573522,32.969183],[-118.586928,33.008281],[-118.596037,33.015357],[-118.606559,33.01469],[-118.605534,33.030999],[-118.594033,33.035951],[-118.57516,33.033961],[-118.569013,33.029151],[-118.559171,33.006291],[-118.540069,32.980933],[-118.496811,32.933847],[-118.369984,32.839273],[-118.353504,32.821962],[-118.356541,32.817311],[-118.379968,32.824545],[-118.394565,32.823978],[-118.425634,32.800595],[-118.44492,32.820593],[-118.496298,32.851572],[-118.507193,32.876264],[-118.524531,32.895488]]],[[[-118.500212,33.449592],[-118.477646,33.448392],[-118.445812,33.428907],[-118.423576,33.427258],[-118.382037,33.409883],[-118.370323,33.409285],[-118.365094,33.388374],[-118.310213,33.335795],[-118.303174,33.320264],[-118.305084,33.310323],[-118.325244,33.299075],[-118.374768,33.320065],[-118.440047,33.318638],[-118.465368,33.326056],[-118.48877,33.356649],[-118.478465,33.38632],[-118.48875,33.419826],[-118.515914,33.422417],[-118.52323,33.430733],[-118.53738,33.434608],[-118.563442,33.434381],[-118.60403,33.47654],[-118.54453,33.474119],[-118.500212,33.449592]]],[[[-119.543842,33.280329],[-119.528141,33.284929],[-119.465717,33.259239],[-119.429559,33.228167],[-119.444269,33.21919],[-119.476029,33.21552],[-119.545872,33.233406],[-119.564971,33.24744],[-119.578942,33.278628],[-119.562042,33.271129],[-119.543842,33.280329]]],[[[-122.289533,42.007764],[-121.035195,41.993323],[-120.001058,41.995139],[-119.995926,40.499901],[-120.005743,39.228664],[-120.001014,38.999574],[-119.333423,38.538328],[-118.714312,38.102185],[-117.875927,37.497267],[-117.244917,37.030244],[-116.488233,36.459097],[-115.852908,35.96966],[-115.102881,35.379371],[-114.633013,35.002085],[-114.629015,34.986148],[-114.634953,34.958918],[-114.629753,34.938684],[-114.635176,34.875003],[-114.623939,34.859738],[-114.586842,34.835672],[-114.57101,34.794294],[-114.552682,34.766871],[-114.516619,34.736745],[-114.470477,34.711368],[-114.452628,34.668546],[-114.451753,34.654321],[-114.441465,34.64253],[-114.438739,34.621455],[-114.424202,34.610453],[-114.429747,34.591734],[-114.422382,34.580711],[-114.405228,34.569637],[-114.380838,34.529724],[-114.378124,34.507288],[-114.386699,34.457911],[-114.375789,34.447798],[-114.335372,34.450038],[-114.32613,34.437251],[-114.294836,34.421389],[-114.286802,34.40534],[-114.264317,34.401329],[-114.226107,34.365916],[-114.199482,34.361373],[-114.176909,34.349306],[-114.157206,34.317862],[-114.138282,34.30323],[-114.134768,34.268965],[-114.139055,34.259538],[-114.159697,34.258242],[-114.223384,34.205136],[-114.229715,34.186928],[-114.254141,34.173831],[-114.287294,34.170529],[-114.320777,34.138635],[-114.353031,34.133121],[-114.366521,34.118575],[-114.390565,34.110084],[-114.411681,34.110031],[-114.43338,34.088413],[-114.43934,34.057893],[-114.434949,34.037784],[-114.438266,34.022609],[-114.46283,34.008421],[-114.46117,33.994687],[-114.499883,33.961789],[-114.522002,33.955623],[-114.535478,33.934651],[-114.533679,33.926072],[-114.508558,33.906098],[-114.518555,33.889847],[-114.50434,33.876882],[-114.503017,33.867998],[-114.514673,33.858638],[-114.52453,33.858477],[-114.529597,33.848063],[-114.520465,33.827778],[-114.527161,33.816191],[-114.504863,33.760465],[-114.504483,33.750998],[-114.512348,33.734214],[-114.496565,33.719155],[-114.494197,33.707922],[-114.495719,33.698454],[-114.523959,33.685879],[-114.531523,33.675108],[-114.525201,33.661583],[-114.530244,33.65014],[-114.526947,33.637534],[-114.529662,33.622794],[-114.524813,33.611351],[-114.540617,33.591412],[-114.5403,33.580615],[-114.524391,33.553683],[-114.558898,33.531819],[-114.560552,33.518272],[-114.569533,33.509219],[-114.591554,33.499443],[-114.622918,33.456561],[-114.627125,33.433554],[-114.635183,33.422726],[-114.652828,33.412922],[-114.687953,33.417944],[-114.701732,33.408388],[-114.725535,33.404056],[-114.708408,33.384147],[-114.698035,33.352442],[-114.707962,33.323421],[-114.731223,33.302434],[-114.723259,33.288079],[-114.684363,33.276025],[-114.672401,33.26047],[-114.689421,33.24525],[-114.674479,33.225504],[-114.678749,33.203448],[-114.675831,33.18152],[-114.679359,33.159519],[-114.703682,33.113769],[-114.706488,33.08816],[-114.68902,33.084036],[-114.686991,33.070969],[-114.674296,33.057171],[-114.673659,33.041897],[-114.662317,33.032671],[-114.64598,33.048903],[-114.618788,33.027202],[-114.589778,33.026228],[-114.575161,33.036542],[-114.52013,33.029984],[-114.502871,33.011153],[-114.492938,32.971781],[-114.476156,32.975168],[-114.467664,32.966861],[-114.469113,32.952673],[-114.48074,32.937027],[-114.47664,32.923628],[-114.462929,32.907944],[-114.468971,32.845155],[-114.494116,32.823288],[-114.510217,32.816417],[-114.530755,32.793485],[-114.532432,32.776923],[-114.526856,32.757094],[-114.539093,32.756949],[-114.539224,32.749812],[-114.564447,32.749554],[-114.564508,32.742298],[-114.581736,32.742321],[-114.581784,32.734946],[-114.612697,32.734516],[-114.618373,32.728245],[-114.688779,32.737675],[-114.701918,32.745548],[-114.719633,32.718763],[-116.04662,32.623353],[-117.124862,32.534156],[-117.136664,32.618754],[-117.168866,32.671952],[-117.196767,32.688851],[-117.213068,32.687751],[-117.236239,32.671353],[-117.246069,32.669352],[-117.25757,32.72605],[-117.25257,32.752949],[-117.25497,32.786948],[-117.26107,32.803148],[-117.280971,32.822247],[-117.28217,32.839547],[-117.27387,32.851447],[-117.26497,32.848947],[-117.25617,32.859447],[-117.25167,32.874346],[-117.25447,32.900146],[-117.28077,33.012343],[-117.315278,33.093504],[-117.328359,33.121842],[-117.362572,33.168437],[-117.469794,33.296417],[-117.50565,33.334063],[-117.547693,33.365491],[-117.59588,33.386629],[-117.607905,33.406317],[-117.645582,33.440728],[-117.684584,33.461927],[-117.691984,33.456627],[-117.715349,33.460556],[-117.726486,33.483427],[-117.784888,33.541525],[-117.814188,33.552224],[-117.840289,33.573523],[-117.87679,33.592322],[-117.927091,33.605521],[-117.940591,33.620021],[-118.000593,33.654319],[-118.029694,33.676418],[-118.088896,33.729817],[-118.132698,33.753217],[-118.180831,33.763072],[-118.187701,33.749218],[-118.181367,33.717367],[-118.207476,33.716905],[-118.258687,33.703741],[-118.317205,33.712818],[-118.360505,33.736817],[-118.385006,33.741417],[-118.396606,33.735917],[-118.411211,33.741985],[-118.428407,33.774715],[-118.405007,33.800215],[-118.394376,33.804289],[-118.392107,33.840915],[-118.460611,33.969111],[-118.482729,33.995912],[-118.519514,34.027509],[-118.543115,34.038508],[-118.569235,34.04164],[-118.609652,34.036424],[-118.668358,34.038887],[-118.706215,34.029383],[-118.744952,34.032103],[-118.783433,34.021543],[-118.805114,34.001239],[-118.854653,34.034215],[-118.928048,34.045847],[-118.938081,34.043383],[-119.004644,34.066231],[-119.037494,34.083111],[-119.088536,34.09831],[-119.109784,34.094566],[-119.130169,34.100102],[-119.18864,34.139005],[-119.216441,34.146105],[-119.257043,34.213304],[-119.278644,34.266902],[-119.290945,34.274902],[-119.313034,34.275689],[-119.337475,34.290576],[-119.370356,34.319486],[-119.388249,34.317398],[-119.42777,34.353016],[-119.461036,34.374064],[-119.536957,34.395495],[-119.559459,34.413395],[-119.616862,34.420995],[-119.638864,34.415696],[-119.671866,34.416096],[-119.688167,34.412497],[-119.684666,34.408297],[-119.709067,34.395397],[-119.729369,34.395897],[-119.794771,34.417597],[-119.835771,34.415796],[-119.853771,34.407996],[-119.873971,34.408795],[-119.925227,34.433931],[-119.956433,34.435288],[-120.008077,34.460447],[-120.038828,34.463434],[-120.088591,34.460208],[-120.141165,34.473405],[-120.25777,34.467451],[-120.295051,34.470623],[-120.341369,34.458789],[-120.471376,34.447846],[-120.47661,34.475131],[-120.511421,34.522953],[-120.581293,34.556959],[-120.622575,34.554017],[-120.637805,34.56622],[-120.645739,34.581035],[-120.640244,34.604406],[-120.60197,34.692095],[-120.60045,34.70464],[-120.614852,34.730709],[-120.62632,34.738072],[-120.637415,34.755895],[-120.616296,34.816308],[-120.610266,34.85818],[-120.616325,34.866739],[-120.639283,34.880413],[-120.647328,34.901133],[-120.670835,34.904115],[-120.63999,35.002963],[-120.629931,35.061515],[-120.630957,35.101941],[-120.644311,35.139616],[-120.651134,35.147768],[-120.662475,35.153357],[-120.675074,35.153061],[-120.698906,35.171192],[-120.714185,35.175998],[-120.74887,35.177795],[-120.754823,35.174701],[-120.756086,35.160459],[-120.760492,35.15971],[-120.778998,35.168897],[-120.786076,35.177666],[-120.856047,35.206487],[-120.89679,35.247877],[-120.862684,35.346776],[-120.866099,35.393045],[-120.884757,35.430196],[-120.907937,35.449069],[-120.946546,35.446715],[-120.969436,35.460197],[-121.003359,35.46071],[-121.101595,35.548814],[-121.126027,35.593058],[-121.143561,35.606046],[-121.166712,35.635399],[-121.251034,35.656641],[-121.284973,35.674109],[-121.289794,35.689428],[-121.314632,35.71331],[-121.315786,35.75252],[-121.332449,35.783106],[-121.388053,35.823483],[-121.413146,35.855316],[-121.439584,35.86695],[-121.462264,35.885618],[-121.461227,35.896906],[-121.472435,35.91989],[-121.4862,35.970348],[-121.503112,36.000299],[-121.531876,36.014368],[-121.574602,36.025156],[-121.590395,36.050363],[-121.592853,36.065062],[-121.606845,36.072065],[-121.618672,36.087767],[-121.629634,36.114452],[-121.680145,36.165818],[-121.717176,36.195146],[-121.779851,36.227407],[-121.797059,36.234211],[-121.813734,36.234235],[-121.826425,36.24186],[-121.851967,36.277831],[-121.874797,36.289064],[-121.888491,36.30281],[-121.894714,36.317806],[-121.892917,36.340428],[-121.905446,36.358269],[-121.903195,36.393603],[-121.914378,36.404344],[-121.91474,36.42589],[-121.9416,36.485602],[-121.938763,36.506423],[-121.944666,36.521861],[-121.925937,36.525173],[-121.932508,36.559935],[-121.942533,36.566435],[-121.957335,36.564482],[-121.978592,36.580488],[-121.970427,36.582754],[-121.941666,36.618059],[-121.93643,36.636746],[-121.923866,36.634559],[-121.890164,36.609259],[-121.889064,36.601759],[-121.860604,36.611136],[-121.831995,36.644856],[-121.814462,36.682858],[-121.807062,36.714157],[-121.805643,36.750239],[-121.788278,36.803994],[-121.809363,36.848654],[-121.862266,36.931552],[-121.894667,36.961851],[-121.930069,36.97815],[-121.95167,36.97145],[-121.972771,36.954151],[-122.012373,36.96455],[-122.023373,36.96215],[-122.027174,36.95115],[-122.050122,36.948523],[-122.105976,36.955951],[-122.155078,36.98085],[-122.20618,37.013949],[-122.252181,37.059448],[-122.284882,37.101747],[-122.306139,37.116383],[-122.337071,37.117382],[-122.337833,37.135936],[-122.359791,37.155574],[-122.367085,37.172817],[-122.390599,37.182988],[-122.405073,37.195791],[-122.407181,37.219465],[-122.419113,37.24147],[-122.411686,37.265844],[-122.40085,37.359225],[-122.423286,37.392542],[-122.443687,37.435941],[-122.452087,37.48054],[-122.472388,37.50054],[-122.493789,37.492341],[-122.499289,37.495341],[-122.516689,37.52134],[-122.519533,37.537302],[-122.513688,37.552239],[-122.517187,37.590637],[-122.501386,37.599637],[-122.494085,37.644035],[-122.496784,37.686433],[-122.514483,37.780829],[-122.50531,37.788312],[-122.485783,37.790629],[-122.478083,37.810828],[-122.463793,37.804653],[-122.407452,37.811441],[-122.398139,37.80563],[-122.385323,37.790724],[-122.375854,37.734979],[-122.356784,37.729505],[-122.361749,37.71501],[-122.370411,37.717572],[-122.391374,37.708331],[-122.387626,37.67906],[-122.374291,37.662206],[-122.3756,37.652389],[-122.387381,37.648462],[-122.386072,37.637662],[-122.35531,37.615736],[-122.358583,37.611155],[-122.373309,37.613773],[-122.378545,37.605592],[-122.360219,37.592501],[-122.317676,37.590865],[-122.305895,37.575484],[-122.262698,37.572866],[-122.214264,37.538505],[-122.196593,37.537196],[-122.194957,37.522469],[-122.168449,37.504143],[-122.155686,37.501198],[-122.140142,37.507907],[-122.127706,37.500053],[-122.111344,37.50758],[-122.111998,37.528851],[-122.147014,37.588411],[-122.145378,37.600846],[-122.152905,37.640771],[-122.163049,37.667933],[-122.246826,37.72193],[-122.257953,37.739601],[-122.257134,37.745001],[-122.242638,37.753744],[-122.253753,37.761218],[-122.293996,37.770416],[-122.330963,37.786035],[-122.33555,37.799538],[-122.333711,37.809797],[-122.323567,37.823214],[-122.303931,37.830087],[-122.301313,37.847758],[-122.310477,37.873938],[-122.309986,37.892755],[-122.32373,37.905845],[-122.33453,37.908791],[-122.35711,37.908791],[-122.367582,37.903882],[-122.385908,37.908136],[-122.39049,37.922535],[-122.413725,37.937262],[-122.430087,37.963115],[-122.415361,37.963115],[-122.399832,37.956009],[-122.367582,37.978168],[-122.361905,37.989991],[-122.367909,38.01253],[-122.340093,38.003694],[-122.321112,38.012857],[-122.300823,38.010893],[-122.283478,38.022674],[-122.262861,38.0446],[-122.273006,38.07438],[-122.314567,38.115287],[-122.366273,38.141467],[-122.39638,38.149976],[-122.403514,38.150624],[-122.409798,38.136231],[-122.439577,38.116923],[-122.454958,38.118887],[-122.489974,38.112014],[-122.483757,38.071762],[-122.499465,38.032165],[-122.497828,38.019402],[-122.481466,38.007621],[-122.462812,38.003367],[-122.452995,37.996167],[-122.448413,37.984713],[-122.456595,37.978823],[-122.471975,37.981768],[-122.488665,37.966714],[-122.487684,37.948716],[-122.479175,37.941516],[-122.48572,37.937589],[-122.499465,37.939225],[-122.503064,37.928753],[-122.478193,37.918608],[-122.471975,37.910427],[-122.472303,37.902573],[-122.458558,37.894064],[-122.448413,37.89341],[-122.438268,37.880974],[-122.45005,37.871157],[-122.462158,37.868866],[-122.480811,37.873448],[-122.479151,37.825428],[-122.505383,37.822128],[-122.548986,37.836227],[-122.561487,37.851827],[-122.584289,37.859227],[-122.60129,37.875126],[-122.656519,37.904519],[-122.682171,37.90645],[-122.70264,37.89382],[-122.727297,37.904626],[-122.736898,37.925825],[-122.766138,37.938004],[-122.783244,37.951334],[-122.797405,37.976657],[-122.821383,37.996735],[-122.856573,38.016717],[-122.882114,38.025273],[-122.939711,38.031908],[-122.956811,38.02872],[-122.981776,38.009119],[-122.97439,37.992429],[-123.024066,37.994878],[-123.011533,38.003438],[-122.99242,38.041758],[-122.960889,38.112962],[-122.949074,38.15406],[-122.953629,38.17567],[-122.965408,38.187113],[-122.968112,38.202428],[-122.993959,38.237602],[-122.968569,38.242879],[-122.967203,38.250691],[-122.977082,38.267902],[-122.986319,38.273164],[-123.002911,38.295708],[-123.024333,38.310573],[-123.038742,38.313576],[-123.051061,38.310693],[-123.053504,38.299385],[-123.063671,38.302178],[-123.074684,38.322574],[-123.068437,38.33521],[-123.068265,38.359865],[-123.128825,38.450418],[-123.202277,38.494314],[-123.249797,38.511045],[-123.287156,38.540223],[-123.331899,38.565542],[-123.343338,38.590008],[-123.371876,38.607235],[-123.398166,38.647044],[-123.441774,38.699744],[-123.461291,38.717001],[-123.514784,38.741966],[-123.541837,38.776764],[-123.579856,38.802835],[-123.58638,38.802857],[-123.605317,38.822765],[-123.647387,38.845472],[-123.659846,38.872529],[-123.71054,38.91323],[-123.725367,38.917438],[-123.726315,38.936367],[-123.738886,38.95412],[-123.729053,38.956667],[-123.711149,38.977316],[-123.6969,39.004401],[-123.690095,39.031157],[-123.693969,39.057363],[-123.713392,39.108422],[-123.721505,39.125327],[-123.737913,39.143442],[-123.742221,39.164885],[-123.765891,39.193657],[-123.774998,39.212083],[-123.777368,39.237214],[-123.787893,39.264327],[-123.803848,39.278771],[-123.803081,39.291747],[-123.811387,39.312825],[-123.808772,39.324368],[-123.822085,39.343857],[-123.826306,39.36871],[-123.81469,39.446538],[-123.766475,39.552803],[-123.787417,39.604552],[-123.782322,39.621486],[-123.792659,39.684122],[-123.808208,39.710715],[-123.829545,39.723071],[-123.838089,39.752409],[-123.839797,39.795637],[-123.851714,39.832041],[-123.907664,39.863028],[-123.930047,39.909697],[-123.954952,39.922373],[-123.980031,39.962458],[-124.035904,40.013319],[-124.056408,40.024305],[-124.068908,40.021307],[-124.079983,40.029773],[-124.080709,40.06611],[-124.110549,40.103765],[-124.187874,40.130542],[-124.214895,40.160902],[-124.296497,40.208816],[-124.320912,40.226617],[-124.327691,40.23737],[-124.34307,40.243979],[-124.363414,40.260974],[-124.363634,40.276212],[-124.347853,40.314634],[-124.362796,40.350046],[-124.365357,40.374855],[-124.373599,40.392923],[-124.391496,40.407047],[-124.409591,40.438076],[-124.38494,40.48982],[-124.383224,40.499852],[-124.387023,40.504954],[-124.382816,40.519],[-124.329404,40.61643],[-124.158322,40.876069],[-124.137066,40.925732],[-124.118147,40.989263],[-124.112165,41.028173],[-124.125448,41.048504],[-124.138217,41.054342],[-124.153622,41.05355],[-124.154513,41.087159],[-124.160556,41.099011],[-124.159065,41.121957],[-124.165414,41.129822],[-124.158539,41.143021],[-124.149674,41.140845],[-124.1438,41.144686],[-124.106986,41.229678],[-124.072294,41.374844],[-124.063076,41.439579],[-124.066057,41.470258],[-124.081427,41.511228],[-124.081987,41.547761],[-124.092404,41.553615],[-124.101123,41.569192],[-124.097385,41.585251],[-124.100961,41.602499],[-124.114413,41.616768],[-124.120225,41.640354],[-124.135552,41.657307],[-124.147412,41.717955],[-124.164716,41.740126],[-124.17739,41.745756],[-124.194953,41.736778],[-124.23972,41.7708],[-124.248704,41.771459],[-124.255994,41.783014],[-124.245027,41.7923],[-124.230678,41.818681],[-124.208439,41.888192],[-124.203402,41.940964],[-124.204948,41.983441],[-124.211605,41.99846],[-123.656998,41.995137],[-123.624554,41.999837],[-123.347562,41.999108],[-123.145959,42.009247],[-123.045254,42.003049],[-122.893961,42.002605],[-122.289533,42.007764]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"California\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537c6b52e4b00e1e1a484832","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Rick","contributorId":12766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Rick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hemphill-Haley, Eileen 0000-0002-6988-5906","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6988-5906","contributorId":84366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemphill-Haley","given":"Eileen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce","contributorId":9219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Richmond, Bruce","contributorId":69239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peters, Robert","contributorId":32494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Graehl, Nick","contributorId":36862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graehl","given":"Nick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kelsey, Harvey","contributorId":106978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelsey","given":"Harvey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Leeper, Robert 0000-0003-2890-8216 rleeper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2890-8216","contributorId":4740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leeper","given":"Robert","email":"rleeper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Watt, Steve swatt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Steve","email":"swatt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":493888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"McGann, Mary","contributorId":89907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGann","given":"Mary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hoirup, Don F.","contributorId":100748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoirup","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Chague-Goff, Catherine","contributorId":45633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chague-Goff","given":"Catherine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Goff, James","contributorId":25083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goff","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Caldwell, Dylan","contributorId":13148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Dylan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Loofbourrow, Casey","contributorId":98226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loofbourrow","given":"Casey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70107318,"text":"sir20145070 - 2014 - Impacts of white-tailed deer on red trillium (Trillium recurvatum): defining a threshold for deer browsing pressure at the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-20T14:53:56","indexId":"sir20145070","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-20T14:41:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5070","title":"Impacts of white-tailed deer on red trillium (Trillium recurvatum): defining a threshold for deer browsing pressure at the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore","docAbstract":"

Overabundant white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have been a concern for land managers in eastern North America because of their impacts on native forest ecosystems. Managers have sought native plant species to serve as phytoindicators of deer impacts to supplement deer surveys. We analyzed experimental data about red trillium (Trillium recurvatum), large flowered trillium (T. grandiflorum), nodding trillium (T. cernuum), and declined trillium (T. flexipes) growth in paired exclosure (fenced) plots and control (unfenced) plots from 2002 to 2010 at the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore. The latter two species lacked replication, so statistical analysis was not possible. All red trillium plants were surveyed for height-to-leaf, effects of browsing, and presence of flowers.

\n
\n

Data from individuals in 2009 demonstrated a sigmoidal relationship between height-to-leaf and probability of flowering. The relationship on moraine soils was shifted to taller plants compared to those on sand substrates, with respectively 50 percent flowering at 18 and 16 cm and 33 percent flowering at 16 and 14 cm height-to-leaf. On a plot basis, the proportion of plants flowering was influenced by height to leaf, duration of protection, and deviation in rainfall. The proportion of plants flowering increased ninefold in exclosures (28 percent) compared to control plots (3 percent) over the 8 years of protection. The mean height-to-leaf was a function of the interaction between treatment and duration, as well as red trillium density. Changes in height-to-leaf in control plots from year to year were significantly influenced by an interaction between change in deer density and change in snowfall depth. There was a significant negative correlation between change in deer density and snowfall depth. Plants in the exclosures increased in height at a rate of 1.5 cm yr−1 whereas control plants decreased in height by 0.9 cm yr−1. In all, 78 percent of the control plots lacked flowering individuals over the 9 years of study, indicating that red trillium is being negatively affected by deer throughout the East Unit of the park. Of the five deer management zones studied, only one showed pre-impact height-to-leaf and flowering percentages in control plots that then declined after 2005.

\n
\n

The results of this study demonstrate that Trillium species growing in the lands of the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore are being suppressed reproductively by deer browsing. Specifically, we demonstrate, for the first time, the utility of using red trillium (Trillium recurvatum) height-to-leaf and percentage of flowering as indicators of the impacts of deer browsing. Application of the recommended thresholds demonstrates their utility in adopting red trillium as a phytoindicator of deer impact. Responses of plants to protection from deer suggest that deer culling might be necessary for 6 or more years for red trillium populations and rare trillium species to recover.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145070","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Pavlovic, N.B., Leicht-Young, S.A., and Grundel, R., 2014, Impacts of white-tailed deer on red trillium (Trillium recurvatum): defining a threshold for deer browsing pressure at the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5070, vi, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145070.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051273","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287318,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5070/"},{"id":287319,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5070/pdf/sir2014-5070.pdf"},{"id":287320,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145070.jpg"}],"datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.349674,41.44961 ], [ -87.349674,41.751016 ], [ -86.800616,41.751016 ], [ -86.800616,41.44961 ], [ -87.349674,41.44961 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537c6b51e4b00e1e1a48482a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pavlovic, Noel B. 0000-0002-2335-2274 npavlovic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2335-2274","contributorId":1976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlovic","given":"Noel","email":"npavlovic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leicht-Young, Stacey A.","contributorId":80506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leicht-Young","given":"Stacey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grundel, Ralph 0000-0002-2949-7087 rgrundel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2949-7087","contributorId":2444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grundel","given":"Ralph","email":"rgrundel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70102291,"text":"ofr20141082 - 2014 - Geochemical and mineralogical maps for soils of the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-15T13:43:50.519699","indexId":"ofr20141082","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-20T12:21:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1082","title":"Geochemical and mineralogical maps for soils of the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey began sampling in 2007 for a low-density (1 site per 1,600 square kilometers, 4,857 sites) geochemical and mineralogical survey of soils in the conterminous United States as part of the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project. The sampling protocol for the national-scale survey included, at each site, a sample from a depth of 0 to 5 centimeters, a composite of the soil A horizon, and a deeper sample from the soil C horizon or, if the top of the C horizon was at a depth greater than 1 meter, a sample from a depth of approximately 80–100 centimeters. The <2-millimeter fraction of each sample was analyzed for a suite of 45 major and trace elements by methods that yield the total or near-total elemental content. The major mineralogical components in the samples from the soil A and C horizons were determined by a quantitative X-ray diffraction method using Rietveld refinement. Sampling in the conterminous United States was completed in 2010, with chemical and mineralogical analyses completed in May 2013. The resulting data set provides an estimate of the abundance and spatial distribution of chemical elements and minerals in soils of the conterminous United States and represents a baseline for soil geochemistry and mineralogy against which future changes may be recognized and quantified. This report releases geochemical and mineralogical maps along with a histogram, boxplot, and empirical cumulative distribution function plot for each element or mineral.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141082","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., Cannon, W.F., Woodruff, L.G., Solano, F., and Ellefsen, K.J., 2014, Geochemical and mineralogical maps for soils of the conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1082, xiii, 386 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141082.","productDescription":"xiii, 386 p.","numberOfPages":"399","ipdsId":"IP-054128","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287314,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1082/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":287315,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141082.jpg"},{"id":287313,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1082/pdf/ofr2014-1082.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic Projection","datum":"NAD 1983","country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Conterminous United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ],\n [\n -94.64,\n 48.84\n ],\n [\n -94.32914,\n 48.67074\n ],\n [\n -93.63087,\n 48.60926\n ],\n [\n -92.61,\n 48.45\n ],\n [\n -91.64,\n 48.14\n ],\n [\n -90.83,\n 48.27\n ],\n [\n -89.6,\n 48.01\n ],\n [\n -89.27292,\n 48.01981\n ],\n [\n -88.37811,\n 48.30292\n ],\n [\n -87.43979,\n 47.94\n ],\n [\n -86.46199,\n 47.55334\n ],\n [\n -85.65236,\n 47.22022\n ],\n [\n -84.87608,\n 46.90008\n ],\n [\n -84.77924,\n 46.6371\n ],\n [\n -84.54375,\n 46.53868\n ],\n [\n -84.6049,\n 46.4396\n ],\n [\n -84.3367,\n 46.40877\n ],\n [\n -84.14212,\n 46.51223\n ],\n [\n -84.09185,\n 46.27542\n ],\n [\n -83.89077,\n 46.11693\n ],\n [\n -83.61613,\n 46.11693\n ],\n [\n -83.46955,\n 45.99469\n ],\n [\n -83.59285,\n 45.81689\n ],\n [\n -82.55092,\n 45.34752\n ],\n [\n -82.33776,\n 44.44\n ],\n [\n -82.13764,\n 43.57109\n ],\n [\n -82.43,\n 42.98\n ],\n [\n -82.9,\n 42.43\n ],\n [\n -83.12,\n 42.08\n ],\n [\n -83.142,\n 41.97568\n ],\n [\n -83.02981,\n 41.8328\n ],\n [\n -82.69009,\n 41.67511\n ],\n [\n -82.43928,\n 41.67511\n ],\n [\n -81.27775,\n 42.20903\n ],\n [\n -80.24745,\n 42.3662\n ],\n [\n -78.93936,\n 42.86361\n ],\n [\n -78.92,\n 42.965\n ],\n [\n -79.01,\n 43.27\n ],\n [\n -79.17167,\n 43.46634\n ],\n [\n -78.72028,\n 43.62509\n ],\n [\n -77.73789,\n 43.62906\n ],\n [\n -76.82003,\n 43.62878\n ],\n [\n -76.5,\n 44.01846\n ],\n [\n -76.375,\n 44.09631\n ],\n [\n -75.31821,\n 44.81645\n ],\n [\n -74.867,\n 45.00048\n ],\n [\n -73.34783,\n 45.00738\n ],\n [\n -71.50506,\n 45.0082\n ],\n [\n -71.405,\n 45.255\n ],\n [\n -71.08482,\n 45.30524\n ],\n [\n -70.66,\n 45.46\n ],\n [\n -70.305,\n 45.915\n ],\n [\n -69.99997,\n 46.69307\n ],\n [\n -69.23722,\n 47.44778\n ],\n [\n -68.905,\n 47.185\n ],\n [\n -68.23444,\n 47.35486\n ],\n [\n -67.79046,\n 47.06636\n ],\n [\n -67.79134,\n 45.70281\n ],\n [\n -67.13741,\n 45.13753\n ],\n [\n -66.96466,\n 44.8097\n ],\n [\n -68.03252,\n 44.3252\n ],\n [\n -69.06,\n 43.98\n ],\n [\n -70.11617,\n 43.68405\n ],\n [\n -70.64548,\n 43.09024\n ],\n [\n -70.81489,\n 42.8653\n ],\n [\n -70.825,\n 42.335\n ],\n [\n -70.495,\n 41.805\n ],\n [\n -70.08,\n 41.78\n ],\n [\n -70.185,\n 42.145\n ],\n [\n -69.88497,\n 41.92283\n ],\n [\n -69.96503,\n 41.63717\n ],\n [\n -70.64,\n 41.475\n ],\n [\n -71.12039,\n 41.49445\n ],\n [\n -71.86,\n 41.32\n ],\n [\n -72.295,\n 41.27\n ],\n [\n -72.87643,\n 41.22065\n ],\n [\n -73.71,\n 40.9311\n ],\n [\n -72.24126,\n 41.11948\n ],\n [\n -71.945,\n 40.93\n ],\n [\n -73.345,\n 40.63\n ],\n [\n -73.982,\n 40.628\n ],\n [\n -73.95232,\n 40.75075\n ],\n [\n -74.25671,\n 40.47351\n ],\n [\n -73.96244,\n 40.42763\n ],\n [\n -74.17838,\n 39.70926\n ],\n [\n -74.90604,\n 38.93954\n ],\n [\n -74.98041,\n 39.1964\n ],\n [\n -75.20002,\n 39.24845\n ],\n [\n -75.52805,\n 39.4985\n ],\n [\n -75.32,\n 38.96\n ],\n [\n -75.07183,\n 38.78203\n ],\n [\n -75.05673,\n 38.40412\n ],\n [\n -75.37747,\n 38.01551\n ],\n [\n -75.94023,\n 37.21689\n ],\n [\n -76.03127,\n 37.2566\n ],\n [\n -75.72205,\n 37.93705\n ],\n [\n -76.23287,\n 38.31921\n ],\n [\n -76.35,\n 39.15\n ],\n [\n -76.54272,\n 38.71762\n ],\n [\n -76.32933,\n 38.08326\n ],\n [\n -76.99,\n 38.23999\n ],\n [\n -76.30162,\n 37.91794\n ],\n [\n -76.25874,\n 36.9664\n ],\n [\n -75.9718,\n 36.89726\n ],\n [\n -75.86804,\n 36.55125\n ],\n [\n -75.72749,\n 35.55074\n ],\n [\n -76.36318,\n 34.80854\n ],\n [\n -77.39763,\n 34.51201\n ],\n [\n -78.05496,\n 33.92547\n ],\n [\n -78.55435,\n 33.86133\n ],\n [\n -79.06067,\n 33.49395\n ],\n [\n -79.20357,\n 33.15839\n ],\n [\n -80.30132,\n 32.50935\n ],\n [\n -80.86498,\n 32.0333\n ],\n [\n -81.33629,\n 31.44049\n ],\n [\n -81.49042,\n 30.72999\n ],\n [\n -81.31371,\n 30.03552\n ],\n [\n -80.98,\n 29.18\n ],\n [\n -80.53558,\n 28.47213\n ],\n [\n -80.53,\n 28.04\n ],\n [\n -80.05654,\n 26.88\n ],\n [\n -80.08801,\n 26.20576\n ],\n [\n -80.13156,\n 25.81677\n ],\n [\n -80.38103,\n 25.20616\n ],\n [\n -80.68,\n 25.08\n ],\n [\n -81.17213,\n 25.20126\n ],\n [\n -81.33,\n 25.64\n ],\n [\n -81.71,\n 25.87\n ],\n [\n -82.24,\n 26.73\n ],\n [\n -82.70515,\n 27.49504\n ],\n [\n -82.85526,\n 27.88624\n ],\n [\n -82.65,\n 28.55\n ],\n [\n -82.93,\n 29.1\n ],\n [\n -83.70959,\n 29.93656\n ],\n [\n -84.1,\n 30.09\n ],\n [\n -85.10882,\n 29.63615\n ],\n [\n -85.28784,\n 29.68612\n ],\n [\n -85.7731,\n 30.15261\n ],\n [\n -86.4,\n 30.4\n ],\n [\n -87.53036,\n 30.27433\n ],\n [\n -88.41782,\n 30.3849\n ],\n [\n -89.18049,\n 30.31598\n ],\n [\n -89.59383,\n 30.15999\n ],\n [\n -89.41373,\n 29.89419\n ],\n [\n -89.43,\n 29.48864\n ],\n [\n -89.21767,\n 29.29108\n ],\n [\n -89.40823,\n 29.15961\n ],\n [\n -89.77928,\n 29.30714\n ],\n [\n -90.15463,\n 29.11743\n ],\n [\n -90.88022,\n 29.14854\n ],\n [\n -91.62678,\n 29.677\n ],\n [\n -92.49906,\n 29.5523\n ],\n [\n -93.22637,\n 29.78375\n ],\n [\n -93.84842,\n 29.71363\n ],\n [\n -94.69,\n 29.48\n ],\n [\n -95.60026,\n 28.73863\n ],\n [\n -96.59404,\n 28.30748\n ],\n [\n -97.14,\n 27.83\n ],\n [\n -97.37,\n 27.38\n ],\n [\n -97.38,\n 26.69\n ],\n [\n -97.33,\n 26.21\n ],\n [\n -97.14,\n 25.87\n ],\n [\n -97.53,\n 25.84\n ],\n [\n -98.24,\n 26.06\n ],\n [\n -99.02,\n 26.37\n ],\n [\n -99.3,\n 26.84\n ],\n [\n -99.52,\n 27.54\n ],\n [\n -100.11,\n 28.11\n ],\n [\n -100.45584,\n 28.69612\n ],\n [\n -100.9576,\n 29.38071\n ],\n [\n -101.6624,\n 29.7793\n ],\n [\n -102.48,\n 29.76\n ],\n [\n -103.11,\n 28.97\n ],\n [\n -103.94,\n 29.27\n ],\n [\n -104.45697,\n 29.57196\n ],\n [\n -104.70575,\n 30.12173\n ],\n [\n -105.03737,\n 30.64402\n ],\n [\n -105.63159,\n 31.08383\n ],\n [\n -106.1429,\n 31.39995\n ],\n [\n -106.50759,\n 31.75452\n ],\n [\n -108.24,\n 31.75485\n ],\n [\n -108.24194,\n 31.34222\n ],\n [\n -109.035,\n 31.34194\n ],\n [\n -111.02361,\n 31.33472\n ],\n [\n -113.30498,\n 32.03914\n ],\n [\n -114.815,\n 32.52528\n ],\n [\n -114.72139,\n 32.72083\n ],\n [\n -115.99135,\n 32.61239\n ],\n [\n -117.12776,\n 32.53534\n ],\n [\n -117.29594,\n 33.04622\n ],\n [\n -117.944,\n 33.62124\n ],\n [\n -118.4106,\n 33.74091\n ],\n [\n -118.51989,\n 34.02778\n ],\n [\n -119.081,\n 34.078\n ],\n [\n -119.43884,\n 34.34848\n ],\n [\n -120.36778,\n 34.44711\n ],\n [\n -120.62286,\n 34.60855\n ],\n [\n -120.74433,\n 35.15686\n ],\n [\n -121.71457,\n 36.16153\n ],\n [\n -122.54747,\n 37.55176\n ],\n [\n -122.51201,\n 37.78339\n ],\n [\n -122.95319,\n 38.11371\n ],\n [\n -123.7272,\n 38.95166\n ],\n [\n -123.86517,\n 39.76699\n ],\n [\n -124.39807,\n 40.3132\n ],\n [\n -124.17886,\n 41.14202\n ],\n [\n -124.2137,\n 41.99964\n ],\n [\n -124.53284,\n 42.76599\n ],\n [\n -124.14214,\n 43.70838\n ],\n [\n -124.02053,\n 44.6159\n ],\n [\n -123.89893,\n 45.52341\n ],\n [\n -124.07963,\n 46.86475\n ],\n [\n -124.39567,\n 47.72017\n ],\n [\n -124.68721,\n 48.18443\n ],\n [\n -124.5661,\n 48.37971\n ],\n [\n -123.12,\n 48.04\n ],\n [\n -122.58736,\n 47.096\n ],\n [\n -122.34,\n 47.36\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 48.18\n ],\n [\n -122.84,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -117.03121,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -116.04818,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -110.05,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -107.05,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -104.04826,\n 48.99986\n ],\n [\n -100.65,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -97.22872,\n 49.0007\n ],\n [\n -95.15907,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -95.15609,\n 49.38425\n ],\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ]\n ]\n ]\n ]\n },\n \"properties\": {\n \"name\": \"United States\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537c6b51e4b00e1e1a484826","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, David B. 0000-0001-8396-9105 dsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-9105","contributorId":1274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David B.","email":"dsmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cannon, William F. 0000-0002-2699-8118 wcannon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":1883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"William","email":"wcannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodruff, Laurel G. 0000-0002-2514-9923 woodruff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-9923","contributorId":2224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"Laurel","email":"woodruff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Solano, Federico 0000-0002-0308-5850 fsolanoc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0308-5850","contributorId":4302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solano","given":"Federico","email":"fsolanoc@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ellefsen, Karl J. 0000-0003-3075-4703 ellefsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-4703","contributorId":789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellefsen","given":"Karl","email":"ellefsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":82803,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":492899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70095796,"text":"sir20145038 - 2014 - Creating a monthly time series of the potentiometric surface in the Upper Floridan aquifer, Northern Tampa Bay area, Florida, January 2000-December 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-20T08:32:05","indexId":"sir20145038","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-20T08:21:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5038","title":"Creating a monthly time series of the potentiometric surface in the Upper Floridan aquifer, Northern Tampa Bay area, Florida, January 2000-December 2009","docAbstract":"

In Florida’s karst terrain, where groundwater and surface waters interact, a mapping time series of the potentiometric surface in the Upper Floridan aquifer offers a versatile metric for assessing the hydrologic condition of both the aquifer and overlying streams and wetlands. Long-term groundwater monitoring data were used to generate a monthly time series of potentiometric surfaces in the Upper Floridan aquifer over a 573-square-mile area of west-central Florida between January 2000 and December 2009. Recorded groundwater elevations were collated for 260 groundwater monitoring wells in the Northern Tampa Bay area, and a continuous time series of daily observations was created for 197 of the wells by estimating missing daily values through regression relations with other monitoring wells. Kriging was used to interpolate the monthly average potentiometric-surface elevation in the Upper Floridan aquifer over a decade. The mapping time series gives spatial and temporal coherence to groundwater monitoring data collected continuously over the decade by three different organizations, but at various frequencies. Further, the mapping time series describes the potentiometric surface beneath parts of six regionally important stream watersheds and 11 municipal well fields that collectively withdraw about 90 million gallons per day from the Upper Floridan aquifer.

\n
\n

Monthly semivariogram models were developed using monthly average groundwater levels at wells. Kriging was used to interpolate the monthly average potentiometric-surface elevations and to quantify the uncertainty in the interpolated elevations. Drawdown of the potentiometric surface within well fields was likely the cause of a characteristic decrease and then increase in the observed semivariance with increasing lag distance. This characteristic made use of the hole effect model appropriate for describing the monthly semivariograms and the interpolated surfaces. Spatial variance reflected in the monthly semivariograms decreased markedly between 2002 and 2003, timing that coincided with decreases in well-field pumping. Cross-validation results suggest that the kriging interpolation may smooth over the drawdown of the potentiometric surface near production wells.

\n
\n

The groundwater monitoring network of 197 wells yielded an average kriging error in the potentiometric-surface elevations of 2 feet or less over approximately 70 percent of the map area. Additional data collection within the existing monitoring network of 260 wells and near selected well fields could reduce the error in individual months. Reducing the kriging error in other areas would require adding new monitoring wells. Potentiometric-surface elevations fluctuated by as much as 30 feet over the study period, and the spatially averaged elevation for the entire surface rose by about 2 feet over the decade. Monthly potentiometric-surface elevations describe the lateral groundwater flow patterns in the aquifer and are usable at a variety of spatial scales to describe vertical groundwater recharge and discharge conditions for overlying surface-water features.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145038","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Southwest Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Lee, T.M., and Fouad, G.G., 2014, Creating a monthly time series of the potentiometric surface in the Upper Floridan aquifer, Northern Tampa Bay area, Florida, January 2000-December 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5038, Report: v, 26 p.; Appendix 1-3; Animation File; Downloads, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145038.","productDescription":"Report: v, 26 p.; Appendix 1-3; Animation File; Downloads","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2000-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-049010","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287307,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145038.jpg"},{"id":287303,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5038/pdf/sir2014-5038.pdf"},{"id":287304,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5038/appendix"},{"id":287302,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5038/"},{"id":287305,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5038/video"},{"id":287306,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5038/downloads"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, zone 17 north","datum":"World Geodetic System 1984","country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Northern Tampa Bay Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.920685,27.897349 ], [ -82.920685,28.500075 ], [ -82.099457,28.500075 ], [ -82.099457,27.897349 ], [ -82.920685,27.897349 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537c6b50e4b00e1e1a484822","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Terrie M. tmlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":2461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Terrie","email":"tmlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":491437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fouad, Geoffrey G.","contributorId":101996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fouad","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70073918,"text":"70073918 - 2014 - Freshwater availability and coastal wetland foundation species: ecological transitions along a rainfall gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-14T11:41:48","indexId":"70073918","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-19T15:25:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Freshwater availability and coastal wetland foundation species: ecological transitions along a rainfall gradient","docAbstract":"Climate gradient-focused ecological research can provide a foundation for better understanding critical ecological transition points and nonlinear climate-ecological relationships, which is information that can be used to better understand, predict, and manage ecological responses to climate change. In this study, we examined the influence of freshwater availability upon the coverage of foundation plant species in coastal wetlands along a northwestern Gulf of Mexico rainfall gradient. Our research addresses the following three questions: (1) what are the region-scale relationships between measures of freshwater availability (e.g., rainfall, aridity, freshwater inflow, salinity) and the relative abundance of foundation plant species in tidal wetlands; (2) How vulnerable are foundation plant species in tidal wetlands to future changes in freshwater availability; and (3) What is the potential future relative abundance of tidal wetland foundation plant species under alternative climate change scenarios? We developed simple freshwater availability-based models to predict the relative abundance (i.e., coverage) of tidal wetland foundation plant species using climate data (1970-2000), estuarine freshwater inflow-focused data, and coastal wetland habitat data. Our results identify regional ecological thresholds and nonlinear relationships between measures of freshwater availability and the relative abundance of foundation plant species in tidal wetlands. In drier coastal zones, relatively small changes in rainfall could produce comparatively large landscape-scale changes in foundation plant species abundance which would affect some ecosystem good and services. Whereas a drier future would result in a decrease in the coverage of foundation plant species, a wetter future would result in an increase in foundation plant species coverage. In many ways, the freshwater-dependent coastal wetland ecological transitions we observed are analogous to those present in dryland terrestrial ecosystems.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/13-1269.1","usgsCitation":"Osland, M.J., Enwright, N.M., and Stagg, C.L., 2014, Freshwater availability and coastal wetland foundation species: ecological transitions along a rainfall gradient: Ecology, v. 95, no. 10, p. 2789-2802, https://doi.org/10.1890/13-1269.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2789","endPage":"2802","ipdsId":"IP-048822","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287295,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287294,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/13-1269.1"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.0,25.66 ], [ -100.0,31.01 ], [ -85.26,31.01 ], [ -85.26,25.66 ], [ -100.0,25.66 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"95","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537b19d1e4b0929ba496ab2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osland, Michael J. 0000-0001-9902-8692 mosland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9902-8692","contributorId":3080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osland","given":"Michael","email":"mosland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Enwright, Nicholas M. 0000-0002-7887-3261 enwrightn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7887-3261","contributorId":4880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enwright","given":"Nicholas","email":"enwrightn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stagg, Camille L. 0000-0002-1125-7253 staggc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1125-7253","contributorId":4111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stagg","given":"Camille","email":"staggc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70127601,"text":"70127601 - 2014 - Factors affecting public-supply well vulnerability in two karst aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-30T13:57:53","indexId":"70127601","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-19T13:55:46","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting public-supply well vulnerability in two karst aquifers","docAbstract":"Karst aquifers occur in a range of climatic and geologic settings. Nonetheless, they are commonly characterized by their vulnerability to water-quality impairment. Two karst aquifers, the Edwards aquifer in south-central Texas and the Upper Floridan aquifer in western Florida, were investigated to assess factors that control the movement of contaminants to public-supply wells (PSWs). The geochemistry of samples from a selected PSW or wellfield in each aquifer was compared with that from nearby monitoring wells and regional PSWs. Geochemistry results were integrated with age tracers, flow modeling, and depth-dependent data to refine aquifer conceptual models and to identify factors that affect contaminant movement to PSWs. The oxic Edwards aquifer is vertically well mixed at the selected PSW/wellfield, although regionally the aquifer is geochemically variable downdip. The mostly anoxic Upper Floridan aquifer is affected by denitrification and also is geochemically variable with depth. In spite of considerable differences in geology and hydrogeology, the two aquifers are similarly vulnerable to anthropogenic contamination. Vulnerability in studied PSWs in both aquifers is strongly influenced by rapid karst flowpaths and the dominance of young (<10 years) groundwater. Vulnerability was demonstrated by the frequent detection of similar constituents of concern in both aquifers (nitrate, atrazine, deethylatrazine, tetrachloroethene, and chloroform). Specific consideration of water-quality protection efforts, well construction and placement, and aquifer response times to land-use changes and contaminant loading are discussed, with implications for karst groundwater management.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Ground Water Association","publisherLocation":"Westerville, OH","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12201","usgsCitation":"Musgrove, M., Katz, B.G., Fahlquist, L.S., Crandall, C.A., and Lindgren, R.J., 2014, Factors affecting public-supply well vulnerability in two karst aquifers: Ground Water, v. 52, no. 1, p. 63-75, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12201.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"75","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-052620","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12201","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":294662,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294659,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gwat.12201/pdf"},{"id":294661,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12201"}],"volume":"52","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542bc636e4b0abfb4c8097f5","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/gwat.12201","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12201","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Musgrove MaryLynn, Katz Brian G., Fahlquist Lynne S., Crandall Christy A., Lindgren Richard J.","journalName":"Groundwater","publicationDate":"5/19/2014","auditedOn":"3/17/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Musgrove, MaryLynn","contributorId":34878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musgrove","given":"MaryLynn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Katz, Brian G. bkatz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"Brian","email":"bkatz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":502504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fahlquist, Lynne S. 0000-0002-4993-4037 lfahlqst@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4993-4037","contributorId":1051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fahlquist","given":"Lynne","email":"lfahlqst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crandall, Christy A. crandall@usgs.gov","contributorId":1091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crandall","given":"Christy","email":"crandall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":502503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lindgren, Richard J. lindgren@usgs.gov","contributorId":1667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindgren","given":"Richard","email":"lindgren@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":502505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70102317,"text":"ofr20141080 - 2014 - Cruise report for P1-13-LA, U.S. Geological Survey gas hydrates research cruise, R/V Pelican April 18 to May 3, 2013, deepwater Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-07T16:35:20","indexId":"ofr20141080","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-16T16:34:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1080","title":"Cruise report for P1-13-LA, U.S. Geological Survey gas hydrates research cruise, R/V Pelican April 18 to May 3, 2013, deepwater Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey led a seismic acquisition cruise in the Gulf of Mexico from April 18 to May 3, 2013, with the objectives of (1) achieving improved imaging and characterization at two established gas hydrate study sites, and (2) refining geophysical methods for gas hydrate characterization in other locations. We conducted this acquisition aboard the R/V Pelican, and used a pair of 105/105-cubic-inch generator/injector air guns to provide seismic energy that we recorded using a 450-meter 72-channel digital hydrophone streamer and 25 multicomponent ocean-bottom seismometers.

\n
\n

In the area of lease block Green Canyon 955, we deployed 21 ocean-bottom seismometers and acquired approximately 400 kilometers of high-resolution two-dimensional streamer seismic data in a grid with line spacing as small as 50 meters and along radial lines that provide source offsets up to 10 kilometers and diverse azimuths for the ocean-bottom seismometers. In the area of lease block Walker Ridge 313, we deployed 25 ocean-bottom seismometers and acquired approximately 450 kilometers of streamer seismic data in a grid pattern with line spacing as small as 250 meters and along radial lines that provide source offsets up to 10 kilometers for the ocean-bottom seismometers. The data acquisition effort was conducted safely and met the scientific objectives.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141080","issn":"2331-1258","collaboration":"The work described in this report was performed in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management.","usgsCitation":"Haines, S.S., Hart, P.E., Ruppel, C., O'Brien, T., Baldwin, W., White, J., Moore, E., Dal Ferro, P., and Lemmond, P., 2014, Cruise report for P1-13-LA, U.S. Geological Survey gas hydrates research cruise, R/V Pelican April 18 to May 3, 2013, deepwater Gulf of Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1080, v, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141080.","productDescription":"v, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052130","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287271,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1080/"},{"id":287273,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141080.jpg"},{"id":287272,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1080/pdf/ofr2014-1080.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.86,18.18 ], [ -97.86,30.4 ], [ -81.04,30.4 ], [ -81.04,18.18 ], [ -97.86,18.18 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53771724e4b02eab8669eb76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haines, Seth S. 0000-0003-2611-8165 shaines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-8165","contributorId":1344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"Seth","email":"shaines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, Patrick E. 0000-0002-5080-1426 hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-1426","contributorId":2879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Patrick","email":"hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruppel, Carolyn cruppel@usgs.gov","contributorId":2015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"Carolyn","email":"cruppel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O'Brien, Thomas","contributorId":75924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Brien","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baldwin, Wayne","contributorId":45625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"White, Jenny","contributorId":33629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Jenny","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Moore, Eric 0000-0002-2732-2654 emoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2732-2654","contributorId":5489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Eric","email":"emoore@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dal Ferro, Peter pdalferro@usgs.gov","contributorId":5488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dal Ferro","given":"Peter","email":"pdalferro@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":492951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lemmond, Peter","contributorId":48877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemmond","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70103867,"text":"ofr20141094 - 2014 - Bathymetry and acoustic backscatter: outer mainland shelf and slope, Gulf of Santa Catalina, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-16T16:30:38","indexId":"ofr20141094","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-16T16:26:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1094","title":"Bathymetry and acoustic backscatter: outer mainland shelf and slope, Gulf of Santa Catalina, southern California","docAbstract":"In 2010 and 2011, scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Coastal and Marine Geology Program, acquired bathymetry and acoustic-backscatter data from the outer shelf and slope region offshore of southern California. The surveys were conducted as part of the USGS Marine Geohazards Program. Assessment of the hazards posed by offshore faults, submarine landslides, and tsunamis are facilitated by accurate and detailed bathymetric data. The surveys were conducted using the USGS R/V Parke Snavely outfitted with a 100-kHz Reson 7111 multibeam-echosounder system. This report provides the bathymetry and backscatter data acquired during these surveys in several formats, a summary of the mapping mission, maps of bathymetry and backscatter, and Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) metadata.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141094","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Dartnell, P., Conrad, J.E., Ryan, H., and Finlayson, D.P., 2014, Bathymetry and acoustic backscatter: outer mainland shelf and slope, Gulf of Santa Catalina, southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1094, Report: iv, 15 p.; Data catalog; Maps, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141094.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 15 p.; Data catalog; Maps","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049524","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287270,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141094.jpg"},{"id":287266,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1094/"},{"id":287267,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1094/pdf/ofr2014-1094.pdf"},{"id":287268,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1094/datacatalog.html"},{"id":287269,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1094/maps.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Santa Catalina","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.0,32.5 ], [ -118.0,33.5 ], [ -117.0,33.5 ], [ -117.0,32.5 ], [ -118.0,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53771717e4b02eab8669eaff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":2688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conrad, James E. 0000-0001-6655-694X jconrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6655-694X","contributorId":2316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrad","given":"James","email":"jconrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryan, Holly F.","contributorId":67616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"Holly F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Finlayson, David P. dfinlayson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finlayson","given":"David","email":"dfinlayson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70102282,"text":"70102282 - 2014 - Distribution and landscape controls of organic layer thickness and carbon within the Alaskan Yukon River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-16T14:38:14","indexId":"70102282","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-16T14:26:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1760,"text":"Geoderma","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and landscape controls of organic layer thickness and carbon within the Alaskan Yukon River Basin","docAbstract":"Understanding of the organic layer thickness (OLT) and organic layer carbon (OLC) stocks in subarctic ecosystems is critical due to their importance in the global carbon cycle. Moreover, post-fire OLT provides an indicator of long-term successional trajectories and permafrost susceptibility to thaw. To these ends, we 1) mapped OLT and associated uncertainty at 30 m resolution in the Yukon River Basin (YRB), Alaska, employing decision tree models linking remotely sensed imagery with field and ancillary data, 2) converted OLT to OLC using a non-linear regression, 3) evaluate landscape controls on OLT and OLC, and 4) quantified the post-fire recovery of OLT and OLC. Areas of shallow (< 10 cm), moderate (≥ 10 cm and < 20 cm), moderately thick (≥ 20 cm and < 30 cm), and thick (≥ 30 cm) OLT, composed 34, 20, 14, and 18% of the YRB, respectively; the average OLT was 19.4 cm. Total OLC was estimated to be 3.38 Pg. A regional chronosequence analysis over 30 years revealed that OLT and OLC increased with stand age (OLT: R2 = 0.68; OLC: R2 = 0.66), where an average of 16 cm OLT and 5.3 kg/m2 OLC were consumed by fires. Strong predictors of OLT included climate, topography, near-surface permafrost distributions, soil wetness, and spectral information. Our modeling approach enabled us to produce regional maps of OLT and OLC, which will be useful in understanding risks and feedbacks associated with fires and climate feedbacks.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geoderma","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.04.008","usgsCitation":"Pastick, N.J., Rigge, M.B., Wylie, B.K., Jorgenson, M., Rose, J.R., Johnson, K.D., and Ji, L., 2014, Distribution and landscape controls of organic layer thickness and carbon within the Alaskan Yukon River Basin: Geoderma, v. 230-231, p. 79-94, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.04.008.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"94","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-055907","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287261,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287260,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.04.008"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -166.45,60.22 ], [ -166.45,69.68 ], [ -141.02,69.68 ], [ -141.02,60.22 ], [ -166.45,60.22 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"230-231","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53771742e4b02eab8669ebb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pastick, Neal J. 0000-0002-8169-3018 njpastick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8169-3018","contributorId":4785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pastick","given":"Neal","email":"njpastick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rigge, Matthew B. 0000-0003-4471-8009 mrigge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4471-8009","contributorId":751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rigge","given":"Matthew","email":"mrigge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce K. 0000-0002-7374-1083 wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","email":"wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jorgenson, M. Torre","contributorId":40486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"M. Torre","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rose, Joshua R.","contributorId":90147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnson, Kristofer D.","contributorId":81027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kristofer","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ji, Lei 0000-0002-6133-1036 lji@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6133-1036","contributorId":2832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ji","given":"Lei","email":"lji@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70100427,"text":"ofr20141070 - 2014 - The shallow stratigraphy and sand resources offshore from Cat Island, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-15T13:12:24","indexId":"ofr20141070","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-15T13:08:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1070","title":"The shallow stratigraphy and sand resources offshore from Cat Island, Mississippi","docAbstract":"

In collaboration with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center collected over 487 line kilometers (> 300 miles) of high-resolution geophysical data around Cat Island, Mississippi, to improve understanding of the island's geologic evolution and identify potential sand resources for coastal restoration. In addition, 40 vibracores were collected on and around the island, generating more than 350 samples for grain-size analysis.

\n
\n

The results indicate that the geologic evolution of Cat Island has been influenced by deltaic, lagoonal/estuarine, tidal, and oceanographic processes, resulting in a stratigraphic record that is quite complex. The region north of the island is dominated by lagoonal/estuarine deposition, whereas the region south of the island is dominated by deltaic and tidal deposition. In general, the veneer of modern sediment surrounding the island is composed of newly deposited sediment and highly reworked relict sediments. The region east of the island shows the interplay of antecedent barrier-island change with delta development despite a significant ravinement of sediments. The data show from little to no modern sediment east of the island, exposing relict sediments at the seafloor.

\n
\n

Finally, the data reveal four subaqueous sand units around the island. Two of the units are northwest of the modern island and one is southwest. Given the dominant, westward, longshore transport along the Mississippi and Alabama barrier islands, the geographic location of these three units suggests that they do not contribute to the modern sediment budget of Cat Island. The last unit is directly east of the island and represents the antecedent island platform that has supplied sand over geologic time for creation of the spits that form the eastern shoreline. Because of its location east of the island, the antecedent island unit may still supply sediment to the island today.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141070","issn":"2331-1258","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Kindinger, J.L., Miselis, J.L., and Buster, N.A., 2014, The shallow stratigraphy and sand resources offshore from Cat Island, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1070, viii, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141070.","productDescription":"viii, 74 p.","numberOfPages":"83","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052803","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287234,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141070.jpg"},{"id":287232,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1070/"},{"id":287233,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1070/pdf/ofr2014-1070.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Cat Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.5,29.5 ], [ -89.5,30.5 ], [ -88.0,30.5 ], [ -88.0,29.5 ], [ -89.5,29.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5375d3d3e4b010920bbded07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kindinger, Jack L. jkindinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"Jack","email":"jkindinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miselis, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-4925-3979 jmiselis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4925-3979","contributorId":3914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miselis","given":"Jennifer","email":"jmiselis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buster, Noreen A. 0000-0001-5069-9284 nbuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5069-9284","contributorId":3750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buster","given":"Noreen","email":"nbuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70094632,"text":"ofr20141035 - 2014 - Weekly resolution particulate flux from a sediment trap in the northern Gulf of Mexico, 2008-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-15T09:00:25","indexId":"ofr20141035","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-15T08:47:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1035","title":"Weekly resolution particulate flux from a sediment trap in the northern Gulf of Mexico, 2008-2012","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey anchored a sediment trap in the northern Gulf of Mexico to collect time-series data on sediment flux from 2008 to 2012. There are continuous measurements of total mass flux and organic carbon flux (ogC) at 7–14 day resolution from 2008 to 2012. The flux of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), particulate nitrogen (nitro), and biogenic silica (Opal) were also measured from January-December, 2008. The mass flux ranged from 0.01 g m-2day-1 (grams per square meter per day) to 2.50 g m-2day-1, with a mean mass flux of 0.20 g m -2day-1 over the 5-year study period.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141035","usgsCitation":"Richey, J.N., Reynolds, C.E., Tappa, E., and Thunell, R., 2014, Weekly resolution particulate flux from a sediment trap in the northern Gulf of Mexico, 2008-2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1035, iv, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141035.","productDescription":"iv, 9 p.","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-053028","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287209,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141035.jpg"},{"id":287205,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1035/"},{"id":287206,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1035/pdf/ofr2014-1035.pdf"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.4,27.4 ], [ -90.4,27.6 ], [ -90.2,27.6 ], [ -90.2,27.4 ], [ -90.4,27.4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5375d3d4e4b010920bbded0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richey, Julie N. 0000-0002-2319-7980 jrichey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2319-7980","contributorId":5182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richey","given":"Julie","email":"jrichey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Caitlin E. 0000-0002-1724-3055 creynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1724-3055","contributorId":4049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Caitlin","email":"creynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tappa, Eric","contributorId":101226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tappa","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thunell, Robert","contributorId":75065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thunell","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70156335,"text":"70156335 - 2014 - A new Liopropoma sea bass (Serranidae, Epinephelinae, Liopropomini) from deep reefs off Curaçao, southern Caribbean, with comments on depth distributions of western Atlantic liopropomins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-09T16:53:20.190775","indexId":"70156335","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3808,"text":"ZooKeys","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"A new Liopropoma sea bass (Serranidae, Epinephelinae, Liopropomini) from deep reefs off Curaçao, southern Caribbean, with comments on depth distributions of western Atlantic liopropomins","title":"A new Liopropoma sea bass (Serranidae, Epinephelinae, Liopropomini) from deep reefs off Curaçao, southern Caribbean, with comments on depth distributions of western Atlantic liopropomins","docAbstract":"

Collecting reef-fish specimens using a manned submersible diving to 300 m off Curaçao, southern Caribbean, is resulting in the discovery of numerous new fish species. The new Liopropoma sea bass described here differs from other western Atlantic members of the genus in having VIII, 13 dorsal-fin rays; a moderately indented dorsal-fin margin; a yellow-orange stripe along the entire upper lip; a series of approximately 13 white, chevron-shaped markings on the ventral portion of the trunk; and a reddish-black blotch on the tip of the lower caudal-fin lobe. The new species, with predominantly yellow body and fins, closely resembles the other two “golden basses” found together with it at Curaçao: L. aberransand L. olneyi. It also shares morphological features with the other western Atlantic liopropomin genus,Bathyanthias. Preliminary phylogenetic data suggest that western Atlantic liopropomins, includingBathyanthias, are monophyletic with respect to Indo-Pacific Liopropoma, and that Bathyanthias is nested within Liopropoma, indicating a need for further study of the generic limits of Liopropoma. The phylogenetic data also suggest that western Atlantic liopropomins comprise three monophyletic clades that have overlapping depth distributions but different depth maxima (3–135 m, 30–150 m, 133–411 m). The new species has the deepest depth range (182–241 m) of any known western Atlantic Liopropomaspecies. Both allopatric and depth-mediated ecological speciation may have contributed to the evolution of western Atlantic Liopropomini.

","language":"English","publisher":"Pensoft","doi":"10.3897/zookeys.409.7249","usgsCitation":"Baldwin, C.C., and Robertson, D.R., 2014, A new Liopropoma sea bass (Serranidae, Epinephelinae, Liopropomini) from deep reefs off Curaçao, southern Caribbean, with comments on depth distributions of western Atlantic liopropomins: ZooKeys, v. 409, p. 71-92, https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.409.7249.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"92","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":472993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.409.7249","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306972,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Curaçao","otherGeospatial":"Caribbean Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -69.15329234262654,\n 12.384060135399267\n ],\n [\n -69.18094060579891,\n 12.411063779703056\n ],\n [\n -69.25466969272212,\n 12.438064664798205\n ],\n [\n -69.39175971371935,\n 12.358178939513664\n ],\n [\n -69.40903996846703,\n 12.25350298488344\n ],\n [\n -69.32494272869563,\n 12.100353754334805\n ],\n [\n -69.17518052088319,\n 11.951624926797635\n ],\n [\n -68.88026417319077,\n 11.831004389698933\n ],\n [\n -68.65907691242161,\n 11.800559003146262\n ],\n [\n -68.63258052180896,\n 11.99782980112245\n ],\n [\n -68.73511003331132,\n 12.041773432250253\n ],\n [\n -68.7754306277219,\n 12.048533353486093\n ],\n [\n -68.80307903531833,\n 12.042900097607273\n ],\n [\n -68.83303162130423,\n 12.065432452958348\n ],\n [\n -68.83763968923722,\n 12.090215810791918\n ],\n [\n -68.87680826666508,\n 12.093595181789254\n ],\n [\n -68.90100062331175,\n 12.107112238600564\n ],\n [\n -68.90100062331175,\n 12.13864937650338\n ],\n [\n -68.9228889459919,\n 12.145406849234362\n ],\n [\n -68.92980104789089,\n 12.134144299441047\n ],\n [\n -68.95860147247,\n 12.13527057584787\n ],\n [\n -68.97818576118418,\n 12.153290350641385\n ],\n [\n -69.01505030464554,\n 12.194956402793878\n ],\n [\n -69.06458703492211,\n 12.21972770967487\n ],\n [\n -69.11873183313116,\n 12.286148389039383\n ],\n [\n -69.14407620676106,\n 12.314287692758043\n ],\n [\n -69.14868427469355,\n 12.340173188153827\n ],\n [\n -69.15329234262654,\n 12.384060135399267\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"409","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d5a8abe4b0518e3546a4a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldwin, Carole C.","contributorId":146698,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baldwin","given":"Carole","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13062,"text":"Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, D. Ross","contributorId":146699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robertson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ross","affiliations":[{"id":12671,"text":"Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70077617,"text":"sir20145023 - 2014 - Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the South Coast Interior groundwater basins, 2008: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-14T10:24:01","indexId":"sir20145023","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-14T10:07:28","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5023","title":"Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the South Coast Interior groundwater basins, 2008: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","docAbstract":"

Groundwater quality in the approximately 653-square-mile (1,691-square-kilometer) South Coast Interior Basins (SCI) study unit was investigated as part of the Priority Basin Project of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The South Coast Interior Basins study unit contains eight priority groundwater basins grouped into three study areas, Livermore, Gilroy, and Cuyama, in the Southern Coast Ranges hydrogeologic province. The GAMA Priority Basin Project is being conducted by the California State Water Resources Control Board in collaboration with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.

\n\n
\n\n

The GAMA South Coast Interior Basins study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of untreated (raw) groundwater quality within the primary aquifer system, as well as a statistically consistent basis for comparing water quality between basins. The assessment was based on water-quality and ancillary data collected by the USGS from 50 wells in 2008 and on water-quality data from the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) database. The primary aquifer system was defined by the depth intervals of the wells listed in the CDPH database for the SCI study unit. The quality of groundwater in the primary aquifer system may be different from that in the shallower or deeper water-bearing zones; shallow groundwater may be more vulnerable to surficial contamination.

\n\n
\n\n

The first component of this study, the status of the current quality of the groundwater resource, was assessed by using data from samples analyzed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), pesticides, and naturally occurring inorganic constituents, such as trace elements and minor ions. This status assessment is intended to characterize the quality of groundwater resources within the primary aquifer system of the SCI study unit, not the treated drinking water delivered to consumers by water purveyors.

\n\n
\n\n

Relative-concentrations (sample concentration divided by the health- or aesthetic-based benchmark concentration) were used for evaluating groundwater quality for those constituents that have Federal or California regulatory or non-regulatory benchmarks for drinking-water quality. A relative-concentration greater than 1.0 indicates a concentration greater than a benchmark, and a relative-concentration less than or equal to 1.0 indicates a concentration equal to or less than a benchmark. Relative-concentrations of organic constituents and special-interest constituents were classified as “high” (relative-concentration greater than 1.0), “moderate” (relative-concentration greater than 0.1 and less than or equal to 1.0), or “low” (relative-concentration less than or equal to 0.1). Relative-concentrations of inorganic constituents were classified as “high” (relative-concentration greater than 1.0), “moderate” (relative-concentration greater than 0.5 and less than or equal to 1.0), or “low” (relative-concentration less than or equal to 0.5).

\n\n
\n\n

Aquifer-scale proportion was used as the primary metric in the status assessment for evaluating regional-scale groundwater quality. High aquifer-scale proportion is defined as the percentage of the area of the primary aquifer system with a relative-concentration greater than 1.0 for a particular constituent or class of constituents; percentage is based on an areal rather than a volumetric basis. Moderate and low aquifer-scale proportions were defined as the areal percentage of the primary aquifer system with moderate and low relative-concentrations, respectively. Two statistical approaches—grid-based and spatially weighted—were used to evaluate aquifer-scale proportions for individual constituents and classes of constituents. Grid-based and spatially weighted estimates were comparable in the SCI study unit (within 90-percent confidence intervals).

\n\n
\n\n

Inorganic constituents (one or more) with health-based benchmarks were detected at high relative-concentrations in 29 percent of the primary aquifer system, at moderate relative-concentrations in 37 percent, and at low relative-concentrations in 34 percent. High aquifer-scale proportions of inorganic constituents primarily reflected high aquifer-scale proportions of nitrate (14 percent), boron (8.6 percent), molybdenum (8.6 percent), and arsenic (5.7 percent). In contrast, the relative-concentrations of organic constituents (one or more) were high in 1.6 percent, moderate in 2.0 percent, and low or not detected in 96 percent of the primary aquifer system. Of the 207 organic and special-interest constituents analyzed for, 15 constituents were detected. Perchlorate was found at moderate relative-concentrations in 34 percent of the aquifer. Two organic constituents were frequently detected (in greater than 10 percent of samples): the trihalomethane chloroform and the herbicide simazine.

\n\n
\n\n

The second component of this study, the understanding assessment, identified natural and human factors that may have affected groundwater quality by evaluating land use, physical characteristics of the wells, and geochemical conditions of the aquifer. This evaluation was done by using statistical tests of correlations between these potential explanatory factors and water-quality data. Concentrations of arsenic, molybdenum, and manganese were generally greater in anoxic and pre-modern groundwater than other groundwater. In contrast, concentrations of nitrate and perchlorate were significantly higher in oxic and modern groundwater. Concentrations of simazine were greater in modern than pre-modern groundwater. Chloroform detections were positively correlated with greater urban land use. Boron concentrations and chloroform detections were higher in the Livermore study area than in the other study areas of the SCI; total dissolved solids and sulfate concentrations were greater in the Cuyama study area.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145023","collaboration":"A product of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program; Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Parsons, M.C., Kulongoski, J., and Belitz, K., 2014, Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the South Coast Interior groundwater basins, 2008: California GAMA Priority Basin Project: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5023, Report: x, 68 p.; Related Report, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145023.","productDescription":"Report: x, 68 p.; Related Report","numberOfPages":"82","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-026177","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287116,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145023.jpg"},{"id":287112,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5023/"},{"id":287115,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3088/"},{"id":287114,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5023/pdf/sir2014-5023.pdf"}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic Projection","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South Coast Interior Basins","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -0.01611111111111111,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.01638888888888889,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.01638888888888889,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,8.333333333333334E-4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53748252e4b0870f4d23cf94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, Mary C. mparsons@usgs.gov","contributorId":1571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Mary","email":"mparsons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kulongoski, Justin T. 0000-0002-3498-4154","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-4154","contributorId":94750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulongoski","given":"Justin T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70104300,"text":"70104300 - 2014 - Adaptive nest clustering and density-dependent nest survival in dabbling ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-01T17:17:04","indexId":"70104300","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-13T12:39:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adaptive nest clustering and density-dependent nest survival in dabbling ducks","docAbstract":"Density-dependent population regulation is observed in many taxa, and understanding the mechanisms that generate density dependence is especially important for the conservation of heavily-managed species. In one such system, North American waterfowl, density dependence is often observed at continental scales, and nest predation has long been implicated as a key factor driving this pattern. However, despite extensive research on this topic, it remains unclear if and how nest density influences predation rates. Part of this confusion may have arisen because previous studies have studied density-dependent predation at relatively large spatial and temporal scales. Because the spatial distribution of nests changes throughout the season, which potentially influences predator behavior, nest survival may vary through time at relatively small spatial scales. As such, density-dependent nest predation might be more detectable at a spatially- and temporally-refined scale and this may provide new insights into nest site selection and predator foraging behavior. Here, we used three years of data on nest survival of two species of waterfowl, mallards and gadwall, to more fully explore the relationship between local nest clustering and nest survival. Throughout the season, we found that the distribution of nests was consistently clustered at small spatial scales (˜50–400 m), especially for mallard nests, and that this pattern was robust to yearly variation in nest density and the intensity of predation. We demonstrated further that local nest clustering had positive fitness consequences – nests with closer nearest neighbors were more likely to be successful, a result that is counter to the general assumption that nest predation rates increase with nest density.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oikos","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ejnar Munksgaard","publisherLocation":"Copenhagen","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0706.2013.00851.x","usgsCitation":"Ringelman, K.M., Eadie, J.M., and Ackerman, J., 2014, Adaptive nest clustering and density-dependent nest survival in dabbling ducks: Oikos, v. 123, no. 2, p. 239-247, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2013.00851.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"239","endPage":"247","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-046158","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287088,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287087,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2013.00851.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Grizzly Island Wildlife Area;Suisun Marsh","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.121727,38.06149 ], [ -122.121727,38.155651 ], [ -121.885049,38.155651 ], [ -121.885049,38.06149 ], [ -122.121727,38.06149 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"123","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537330d0e4b04970612788a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ringelman, Kevin M.","contributorId":95806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringelman","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eadie, John M.","contributorId":65219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eadie","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7082,"text":"University of California - Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":493702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70095522,"text":"tm6A50 - 2014 - Two graphical user interfaces for managing and analyzing MODFLOW groundwater-model scenarios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-13T11:56:05","indexId":"tm6A50","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-13T11:52:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-A50","title":"Two graphical user interfaces for managing and analyzing MODFLOW groundwater-model scenarios","docAbstract":"

Scenario Manager and Scenario Analyzer are graphical user interfaces that facilitate the use of calibrated, MODFLOW-based groundwater models for investigating possible responses to proposed stresses on a groundwater system. Scenario Manager allows a user, starting with a calibrated model, to design and run model scenarios by adding or modifying stresses simulated by the model. Scenario Analyzer facilitates the process of extracting data from model output and preparing such display elements as maps, charts, and tables. Both programs are designed for users who are familiar with the science on which groundwater modeling is based but who may not have a groundwater modeler’s expertise in building and calibrating a groundwater model from start to finish.

\n
\n

With Scenario Manager, the user can manipulate model input to simulate withdrawal or injection wells, time-variant specified hydraulic heads, recharge, and such surface-water features as rivers and canals. Input for stresses to be simulated comes from user-provided geographic information system files and time-series data files. A Scenario Manager project can contain multiple scenarios and is self-documenting.

\n
\n

Scenario Analyzer can be used to analyze output from any MODFLOW-based model; it is not limited to use with scenarios generated by Scenario Manager. Model-simulated values of hydraulic head, drawdown, solute concentration, and cell-by-cell flow rates can be presented in display elements. Map data can be represented as lines of equal value (contours) or as a gradated color fill. Charts and tables display time-series data obtained from output generated by a transient-state model run or from user-provided text files of time-series data. A display element can be based entirely on output of a single model run, or, to facilitate comparison of results of multiple scenarios, an element can be based on output from multiple model runs. Scenario Analyzer can export display elements and supporting metadata as a Portable Document Format file.

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section A: Groundwater in Book 6 Modeling Techniques","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm6A50","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Miami-Dade County Water and Sewer Department. This report is Chapter 50 of Section A: Groundwater in Book 6 Modeling Techniques.","usgsCitation":"Banta, E., 2014, Two graphical user interfaces for managing and analyzing MODFLOW groundwater-model scenarios: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A50, Report: v, 38 p.; Software Download, https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A50.","productDescription":"Report: v, 38 p.; Software Download","numberOfPages":"47","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049500","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287086,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm6A50.jpg"},{"id":287084,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/6a50/pdf/tm6a50.pdf"},{"id":287085,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/software/ScenarioTools/"},{"id":287083,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/6a50/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537330d5e4b04970612788c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banta, Edward R.","contributorId":49820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banta","given":"Edward R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70093712,"text":"sir20145025 - 2014 - Origins and delineation of saltwater intrusion in the Biscayne aquifer and changes in the distribution of saltwater in Miami-Dade County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-13T10:58:13","indexId":"sir20145025","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-13T10:50:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5025","title":"Origins and delineation of saltwater intrusion in the Biscayne aquifer and changes in the distribution of saltwater in Miami-Dade County, Florida","docAbstract":"

Intrusion of saltwater into parts of the shallow karst Biscayne aquifer is a major concern for the 2.5 million residents of Miami-Dade County that rely on this aquifer as their primary drinking water supply. Saltwater intrusion of this aquifer began when the Everglades were drained to provide dry land for urban development and agriculture. The reduction in water levels caused by this drainage, combined with periodic droughts, allowed saltwater to flow inland along the base of the aquifer and to seep directly into the aquifer from the canals. The approximate inland extent of saltwater was last mapped in 1995.

\n
\n

An examination of the inland extent of saltwater and the sources of saltwater in the aquifer was completed during 2008–2011 by using (1) all available salinity information, (2) time-series electromagnetic induction log datasets from 35 wells, (3) time-domain electromagnetic soundings collected at 79 locations, (4) a helicopter electromagnetic survey done during 2001 that was processed, calibrated, and published during the study, (5) cores and geophysical logs collected from 8 sites for stratigraphic analysis, (6) 8 new water-quality monitoring wells, and (7) analyses of 69 geochemical samples.

\n
\n

The results of the study indicate that as of 2011 approximately 1,200 square kilometers (km2) of the mainland part of the Biscayne aquifer were intruded by saltwater. The saltwater front was mapped farther inland than it was in 1995 in eight areas totaling about 24.1 km2. In many of these areas, analyses indicated that saltwater had encroached along the base of the aquifer. The saltwater front was mapped closer to the coast than it was in 1995 in four areas totaling approximately 6.2 km2. The changes in the mapped extent of saltwater resulted from improved spatial information, actual movement of the saltwater front, or a combination of both.

\n
\n

Salinity monitoring in some of the canals in Miami-Dade County between 1988 and 2010 indicated influxes of saltwater, with maximum salinities ranging from 1.4 to 32 practical salinity units (PSU) upstream of the salinity control structures. Time-series electromagnetic induction log data from monitoring wells G–3601, G–3608, and G–3701, located adjacent to the Biscayne, Snapper Creek, and Black Creek Canals, respectively, and upstream of the salinity control structures, indicated shallow influxes of conductive water in the aquifer that likely resulted from leakage of brackish water or saltwater from these canals. The determination that saltwater influxes were recent is supported by the similarity in the oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope composition in samples from the Snapper Creek Canal, 1.6 kilometers (km) inland of a salinity control structure, and in samples from well G–3608, which is adjacent to the canal, as well as by the relative ages of the water sampled from well G–3608 and other wells open to the aquifer below the saltwater interface. Historical and recent salinity information from the Card Sound Road Canal, monitoring well FKS8 located adjacent to the canal, and the 2001 helicopter electromagnetic survey indicated that saltwater may occasionally leak from this canal as far inland as 15 km. This leakage may be prevented or reduced by a salinity control structure that was installed in May 2010. Saltwater also may have leaked from the Princeton Canal.

\n
\n

Results of geochemical sampling and analysis indicate a close correspondence between droughts and saltwater intrusion. Tritium/helium-3 apparent (piston-flow) ages determined from samples of saltwater with chloride concentrations of about 1,000 milligrams per liter (mg/L) or greater generally corresponded to a period during which droughts were frequent. Comparison of average daily air temperatures in Miami, Florida, with estimates of recharge temperatures determined from the dissolved gas composition in water samples indicated that saltwater likely entered the aquifer in April or early May when water levels are typically at their lowest during the year. Conversely, most of the samples of freshwater with chloride concentrations less than about 1,000 mg/L indicate recharge temperatures corresponding to air temperatures in mid to late May when rainfall and water levels in the aquifer increase, and the piston-flow ages of these samples correspond to wet years. The piston-flow ages of freshwater samples generally were younger than ages of samples of saltwater.

\n
\n

Saltwater samples that were depleted in boron, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and sulfate, and enriched in calcium relative to the concentrations theoretically produced by freshwater/seawater mixing, generally were found to be associated with areas where saltwater had recently intruded. The calcium to (bicarbonate + sulfate) molar ratios (Ca/(HCO3+SO4)) of these samples generally were greater than 1. Saltwater samples from some of the monitoring wells, however, indicated little or no enrichment or depletion of these ions relative to the theoretical freshwater/seawater mixing line, and the Ca/(HCO3+SO4) molar ratios of these samples generally were less than 1. Results indicated that aquifer materials are approaching equilibrium with seawater at these well locations.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145025","issn":"2328-0328","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Miami-Dade County","usgsCitation":"Prinos, S.T., Wacker, M.A., Cunningham, K.J., and Fitterman, D.V., 2014, Origins and delineation of saltwater intrusion in the Biscayne aquifer and changes in the distribution of saltwater in Miami-Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5025, Report: xi, 101 p.; Appendix 1-12: XLS and PDFs; Downloads, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145025.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 101 p.; Appendix 1-12: XLS and PDFs; Downloads","numberOfPages":"116","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-044160","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287078,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145025.jpg"},{"id":287074,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5025/"},{"id":287075,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5025/pdf/sir2014-5025.pdf"},{"id":287076,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5025/appendix/"},{"id":287077,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5025/downloads/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Broward County;Miami-dade County","otherGeospatial":"Biscayne Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.5,25.333333 ], [ -80.5,26.0 ], [ -80.166667,26.0 ], [ -80.166667,25.333333 ], [ -80.5,25.333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537330d4e4b04970612788bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prinos, Scott T. 0000-0002-5776-8956 stprinos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5776-8956","contributorId":4045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prinos","given":"Scott","email":"stprinos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wacker, Michael A. mwacker@usgs.gov","contributorId":2162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wacker","given":"Michael","email":"mwacker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cunningham, Kevin J. 0000-0002-2179-8686 kcunning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2179-8686","contributorId":1689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Kevin","email":"kcunning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fitterman, David V. dfitterman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitterman","given":"David","email":"dfitterman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70104213,"text":"70104213 - 2014 - Evaluation of sensor types and environmental controls on mapping biomass of coastal marsh emergent vegetation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-13T10:37:49","indexId":"70104213","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-13T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of sensor types and environmental controls on mapping biomass of coastal marsh emergent vegetation","docAbstract":"There is a need to quantify large-scale plant productivity in coastal marshes to understand marsh resilience to sea level rise, to help define eligibility for carbon offset credits, and to monitor impacts from land use, eutrophication and contamination. Remote monitoring of aboveground biomass of emergent wetland vegetation will help address this need. Differences in sensor spatial resolution, bandwidth, temporal frequency and cost constrain the accuracy of biomass maps produced for management applications. In addition the use of vegetation indices to map biomass may not be effective in wetlands due to confounding effects of water inundation on spectral reflectance. To address these challenges, we used partial least squares regression to select optimal spectral features in situ and with satellite reflectance data to develop predictive models of aboveground biomass for common emergent freshwater marsh species, Typha spp. and Schoenoplectus acutus, at two restored marshes in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta, California, USA. We used field spectrometer data to test model errors associated with hyperspectral narrowbands and multispectral broadbands, the influence of water inundation on prediction accuracy, and the ability to develop species specific models. We used Hyperion data, Digital Globe World View-2 (WV-2) data, and Landsat 7 data to scale up the best statistical models of biomass. Field spectrometer-based models of the full dataset showed that narrowband reflectance data predicted biomass somewhat, though not significantly better than broadband reflectance data [R2 = 0.46 and percent normalized RMSE (%RMSE) = 16% for narrowband models]. However hyperspectral first derivative reflectance spectra best predicted biomass for plots where water levels were less than 15 cm (R2 = 0.69, %RMSE = 12.6%). In species-specific models, error rates differed by species (Typha spp.: %RMSE = 18.5%; S. acutus: %RMSE = 24.9%), likely due to the more vertical structure and deeper water habitat of S. acutus. The Landsat 7 dataset (7 images) predicted biomass slightly better than the WV-2 dataset (6 images) (R2 = 0.56, %RMSE = 20.9%, compared to R2 = 0.45, RMSE = 21.5%). The Hyperion dataset (one image) was least successful in predicting biomass (R2 = 0.27, %RMSE = 33.5%). Shortwave infrared bands on 30 m-resolution Hyperion and Landsat 7 sensors aided biomass estimation; however managers need to weigh tradeoffs between cost, additional spectral information, and high spatial resolution that will identify variability in small, fragmented marshes common to the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta and elsewhere in the Western U.S.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2014.04.003","usgsCitation":"Byrd, K.B., O'Connell, J., Di Tommaso, S., and Kelly, M., 2014, Evaluation of sensor types and environmental controls on mapping biomass of coastal marsh emergent vegetation: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 149, p. 166-180, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.04.003.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"166","endPage":"180","numberOfPages":"15","ipdsId":"IP-052200","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287071,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287072,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.04.003"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-san Joaquin River Delta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.7545,37.3797 ], [ -122.7545,38.2715 ], [ -121.2455,38.2715 ], [ -121.2455,37.3797 ], [ -122.7545,37.3797 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"149","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537330d2e4b04970612788ae","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2014.04.003","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.04.003","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Byrd Kristin B., O'Connell Jessica L., Di Tommaso Stefania, Kelly Maggi","journalName":"Remote Sensing of Environment","publicationDate":"6/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byrd, Kristin B. 0000-0002-5725-7486 kbyrd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5725-7486","contributorId":3814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrd","given":"Kristin","email":"kbyrd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Connell, Jessica L.","contributorId":86265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connell","given":"Jessica L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Di Tommaso, Stefania","contributorId":9965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Di Tommaso","given":"Stefania","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelly, Maggi","contributorId":14275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Maggi","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70104614,"text":"70104614 - 2014 - Land use patterns, ecoregion, and microcystin relationships in U.S. lakes and reservoirs: a preliminary evaluation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:07:31","indexId":"70104614","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-13T09:32:30","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1878,"text":"Harmful Algae","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land use patterns, ecoregion, and microcystin relationships in U.S. lakes and reservoirs: a preliminary evaluation","docAbstract":"A statistically significant association was found between the concentration of total microcystin, a common class of cyanotoxins, in surface waters of lakes and reservoirs in the continental U.S. with watershed land use using data from 1156 water bodies sampled between May and October 2007 as part of the USEPA National Lakes Assessment. Nearly two thirds (65.8%) of the samples with microcystin concentrations ≥1.0 μg/L (n = 126) were limited to three nutrient and water quality-based ecoregions (Corn Belt and Northern Great Plains, Mostly Glaciated Dairy Region, South Central Cultivated Great Plains) in watersheds with strong agricultural influence. canonical correlation analysis (CCA) indicated that both microcystin concentrations and cyanobacteria abundance were positively correlated with total nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, and temperature; correlations with total phosphorus and water clarity were not as strong. This study supports a number of regional lake studies that suggest that land use practices are related to cyanobacteria abundance, and extends the potential impacts of agricultural land use in watersheds to include the production of cyanotoxins in lakes.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.hal.2014.03.005","usgsCitation":"Beaver, J.R., Manis, E.E., Loftin, K.A., Graham, J.L., Pollard, A., and Mitchell, R.M., 2014, Land use patterns, ecoregion, and microcystin relationships in U.S. lakes and reservoirs: a preliminary evaluation: Harmful Algae, v. 36, p. 57-62, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2014.03.005.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"62","ipdsId":"IP-053193","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287252,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287201,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2014.03.005"}],"country":"United States","volume":"36","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5377178fe4b02eab8669eda0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beaver, John R.","contributorId":55345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beaver","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manis, Erin E.","contributorId":82226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manis","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loftin, Keith A. 0000-0001-5291-876X kloftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5291-876X","contributorId":868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Keith","email":"kloftin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graham, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-6420-9335 jlgraham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6420-9335","contributorId":1769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlgraham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pollard, Amina I.","contributorId":100749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollard","given":"Amina I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mitchell, Richard M. rwmitchell@usgs.gov","contributorId":68658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Richard","email":"rwmitchell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70104177,"text":"70104177 - 2014 - Assessment of suitable habitat for Phragmites australis (common reed) in the Great Lakes coastal zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-12T14:45:57","indexId":"70104177","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-12T14:38:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":868,"text":"Aquatic Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of suitable habitat for Phragmites australis (common reed) in the Great Lakes coastal zone","docAbstract":"In the Laurentian Great Lakes, the invasive form of Phragmites australis (common reed) poses a threat to highly productive coastal wetlands and shorelines by forming impenetrable stands that outcompete native plants. Large, dominant stands can derail efforts to restore wetland ecosystems degraded by other stressors. To be proactive, landscape-level management of Phragmites requires information on the current spatial distribution of the species and a characterization of areas suitable for future colonization. Using a recent basin-scale map of this invasive plant’s distribution in the U.S. coastal zone of the Great Lakes, environmental data (e.g., soils, nutrients, disturbance, climate, topography), and climate predictions, we performed analyses of current and predicted suitable coastal habitat using boosted regression trees, a type of species distribution modeling. We also investigated differential influences of environmental variables in the upper lakes (Lakes Superior, Michigan, and Huron) and lower lakes (Lakes St. Clair, Erie, and Ontario). Basin-wide results showed that the coastal areas most vulnerable to Phragmites expansion were in close proximity to developed lands and had minimal topographic relief, poorly drained soils, and dense road networks. Elevated nutrients and proximity to agriculture also influenced the distribution of Phragmites. Climate predictions indicated an increase in suitable habitat in coastal Lakes Huron and Michigan in particular. The results of this study, combined with a publicly available online decision support tool, will enable resource managers and restoration practitioners to target and prioritize Phragmites control efforts in the Great Lakes coastal zone.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Invasions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Regional Euro-Asian Biological Invasions Centre","publisherLocation":"Helsinki, Finland","doi":"10.3391/ai.2014.9.1.01","usgsCitation":"Carlson Mazur, M.L., Kowalski, K., and Galbraith, D., 2014, Assessment of suitable habitat for Phragmites australis (common reed) in the Great Lakes coastal zone: Aquatic Invasions, v. 9, no. 1, p. 1-19, https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2014.9.1.01.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","numberOfPages":"19","ipdsId":"IP-051546","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472996,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2014.9.1.01","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":287062,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287061,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3391/ai.2014.9.1.01"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.9911,39.981 ], [ -92.9911,49.0076 ], [ -73.9943,49.0076 ], [ -73.9943,39.981 ], [ -92.9911,39.981 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5371df51e4b08449547883cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlson Mazur, Martha L.","contributorId":95377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson Mazur","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kowalski, Kurt P. 0000-0002-8424-4701 kkowalski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8424-4701","contributorId":3768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kowalski","given":"Kurt P.","email":"kkowalski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galbraith, David","contributorId":19479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galbraith","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70104181,"text":"70104181 - 2014 - Comparative biogeochemistry-ecosystem-human interactions on dynamic continental margins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-12T14:46:55","indexId":"70104181","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-12T14:25:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2381,"text":"Journal of Marine Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative biogeochemistry-ecosystem-human interactions on dynamic continental margins","docAbstract":"

The ocean’s continental margins face strong and rapid change, forced by a combination of direct human activity, anthropogenic CO2-induced climate change, and natural variability. Stimulated by discussions in Goa, India at the IMBER IMBIZO III, we (1) provide an overview of the drivers of biogeochemical variation and change on margins, (2) compare temporal trends in hydrographic and biogeochemical data across different margins (3) review ecosystem responses to these changes, (4) highlight the importance of margin time series for detecting and attributing change and (5) examine societal responses to changing margin biogeochemistry and ecosystems. We synthesize information over a wide range of margin settings in order to identify the commonalities and distinctions among continental margin ecosystems. Key drivers of biogeochemical variation include long-term climate cycles, CO2-induced warming, acidification, and deoxygenation, as well as sea level rise, eutrophication, hydrologic and water cycle alteration, changing land use, fishing, and species invasion. Ecosystem responses are complex and impact major margin services including primary production, fisheries production, nutrient cycling, shoreline protection, chemical buffering, and biodiversity. Despite regional differences, the societal consequences of these changes are unarguably large and mandate coherent actions to reduce, mitigate and adapt to multiple stressors on continental margins.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Marine Systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.04.016","usgsCitation":"Levin, L.A., Liu, K., Emeis, K., Breitburg, D.L., Cloern, J., Deutsch, C., Giani, M., Goffart, A., Hofmann, E.E., Lachkar, Z., Limburg, K., Liu, S., Montes, E., Naqvi, W., Ragueneau, O., Rabouille, C., Sarkar, S.K., Swaney, D.P., Wassman, P., and Wishner, K.F., 2014, Comparative biogeochemistry-ecosystem-human interactions on dynamic continental margins: Journal of Marine Systems, v. 141, p. 3-17, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.04.016.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055816","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472997,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/gsofacpubs/654","text":"External Repository"},{"id":287060,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287059,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.04.016"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-90.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"141","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5371df52e4b08449547883d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Levin, Lisa A.","contributorId":12372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levin","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Kon-Kee","contributorId":70289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Kon-Kee","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Emeis, Kay-Christian","contributorId":41744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emeis","given":"Kay-Christian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Breitburg, Denise L.","contributorId":53294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breitburg","given":"Denise","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cloern, James","contributorId":26181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Deutsch, Curtis","contributorId":45223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deutsch","given":"Curtis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Giani, Michele","contributorId":6764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giani","given":"Michele","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Goffart, Anne","contributorId":53295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goffart","given":"Anne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hofmann, Eileen E.","contributorId":55726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofmann","given":"Eileen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lachkar, Zouhair","contributorId":100290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lachkar","given":"Zouhair","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Limburg, Karin","contributorId":36861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Limburg","given":"Karin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Liu, Su-Mei","contributorId":34827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Su-Mei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Montes, Enrique","contributorId":81021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montes","given":"Enrique","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Naqvi, Wajih","contributorId":94597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naqvi","given":"Wajih","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Ragueneau, Olivier","contributorId":6765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ragueneau","given":"Olivier","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Rabouille, Christophe","contributorId":48875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabouille","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Sarkar, Santosh Kumar","contributorId":81807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarkar","given":"Santosh","email":"","middleInitial":"Kumar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Swaney, Dennis P.","contributorId":31312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swaney","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Wassman, Paul","contributorId":51209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wassman","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Wishner, Karen F.","contributorId":100746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wishner","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20}]}} ]}