Isolated outcrops of deformed, regionally metamorphosed Paleozoic strata are scattered within the southeastern Mojave Desert region of California and western Arizona. These strata unconformably overlie a basement of Proterozoic crystalline rocks and are overlain in turn by metamorphosed Mesozoic sedimentary rocks. The strata can be correlated lithostratigraphically with the classic cratonal Paleozoic section of the western Grand Canyon, Arizona, and with nonmetamorphosed Paleozoic sections transitional between cratonal and miogeoclinal in the Ship, Marble, and Providence Mountains, California. The strata evidently were once continuous with Paleozoic epicontinental strata exposed throughout the southern Great Basin and Colorado Plateau.
Outcrops of Paleozoic strata and of the underlying Proterozoic basement in the southeastern Mojave Desert region define a terrane that has been disrupted by Mesozoic thrust faults and by Tertiary detachment faults but that nevertheless retain a gross paleogeographic coherence. This coherent terrane extends at least as far west and southwest as the Big Maria, Palen, and Calumet Mountains, and possibly beyond to include Paleozoic exposures in the San Bernardino Mountains and near Victorville. Poorly understood tectonic boundaries separate the area of paleogeographic coherence from known or suspected allochthonous terranes in the western Mojave Desert and the eastern Transverse Ranges.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1983)94<1135:COMPSO>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Stone, P., Howard, K.A., and Hamilton, W., 1983, Correlation of metamorphosed Paleozoic strata of the southeastern Mojave Desert region, California and Arizona: GSA Bulletin, v. 94, no. 10, p. 1135-1147, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1983)94<1135:COMPSO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1135","endPage":"1147","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355839,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.30126953125,\n 32.76880048488168\n ],\n [\n -113.26904296874999,\n 32.76880048488168\n ],\n [\n -113.26904296874999,\n 35.11990857099681\n ],\n [\n -116.30126953125,\n 35.11990857099681\n ],\n [\n -116.30126953125,\n 32.76880048488168\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"94","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, Paul 0000-0002-1439-0156 pastone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1439-0156","contributorId":273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Paul","email":"pastone@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howard, Keith A. 0000-0002-6462-2947 khoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-2947","contributorId":3439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Keith","email":"khoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hamilton, Warren","contributorId":14819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Warren","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70156951,"text":"70156951 - 1983 - Airborne geophysical survey of the Ar Riyad quadrangle, sheet 24 I","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-02T13:33:16","indexId":"70156951","displayToPublicDate":"1983-12-30T19:45:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Airborne geophysical survey of the Ar Riyad quadrangle, sheet 24 I","docAbstract":"Geological map of Ar Riyad, Saudi Arabia with geological legend and explanation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ministry for Mineral Resources","publisherLocation":"Jiddah, Saudi Arabia","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey Saudi Arabia Mission, and Saudi Arabia. Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources, 1983, Airborne geophysical survey of the Ar Riyad quadrangle, sheet 24 I, 6 maps ; 44 x 60 cm, on sheets each 57 x 85 cm, folded in envelope to 29 x 21 cm.","productDescription":"6 maps ; 44 x 60 cm, on sheets each 57 x 85 cm, folded in envelope to 29 x 21 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":307873,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 46,\n 24\n ],\n [\n 46,\n 26\n ],\n [\n 48,\n 26\n ],\n [\n 48,\n 24\n ],\n [\n 46,\n 24\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e81da9e4b0dacf699e6649","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey Saudi Arabia Mission","contributorId":147326,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey Saudi Arabia Mission","id":571243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saudi Arabia. Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources","contributorId":147327,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Saudi Arabia. Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources","id":571244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70156959,"text":"70156959 - 1983 - Airborne geophysical survey of the Shaqra' quadrangle, sheet 25","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-02T13:30:44","indexId":"70156959","displayToPublicDate":"1983-12-30T19:45:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Airborne geophysical survey of the Shaqra' quadrangle, sheet 25","docAbstract":"Geological map of Shaqra', Saudi Arabia with geological legend and explanation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ministry for Mineral Resources","publisherLocation":"Jiddah, Saudi Arabia","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey Saudi Arabia Mission, and Saudi Arabia. Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources, 1983, Airborne geophysical survey of the Shaqra' quadrangle, sheet 25, Map.","productDescription":"Map","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":307876,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 44,\n 25\n ],\n [\n 44,\n 27\n ],\n [\n 49,\n 27\n ],\n [\n 49,\n 25\n ],\n [\n 44,\n 25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e81da9e4b0dacf699e664e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey Saudi Arabia Mission","contributorId":147326,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey Saudi Arabia Mission","id":571249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saudi Arabia. Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources","contributorId":147327,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Saudi Arabia. Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources","id":571250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70157374,"text":"70157374 - 1983 - An interpretation of gravity and aeromagnetic surveys of the Greater Jiddah area, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-29T22:47:33.492427","indexId":"70157374","displayToPublicDate":"1983-12-30T19:30:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"An interpretation of gravity and aeromagnetic surveys of the Greater Jiddah area, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"A gravity survey of the Jiddah area between lat 21°23' and 21°48' N., long 39°03' and 39°20' E., carried out in early 1977, covers an area of 744 km2 and includes 215 stations, at an average spacing of 1.9 km. The resulting simple Bouguer gravity anomaly map shows a series of four large (7-15 mgal) gravity anomaly highs along a north-trending gravity gradient located immediately west of outcrops of Precambrian rocks. The regional Bouguer gravity anomaly field of the map area decreases eastward at an approximately constant rate of about 1.1 mgal-km-1. Several anomalies suggest northeast-trending, right-lateral strike-slip faulting throughout the area.
Interpretation of the Bouguer gravity anomaly map, combined with geologic, aeromagnetic, and paleomagnetic data, leads to an interpretive model in which the gravity gradient marks the boundary zone between Precambrian continental crust to the east and oceanic sea-floor crust overlain by marine sedimentary rocks to the west. The strike-slip faults in the area are probably the landward extension of offshore Red Sea transform faults, and, because they penetrate and offset continental crust, their study may yield useful information about the mechanism of transform faulting. The gravity anomaly highs are interpreted to result from shallow intrusive bodies, probably gabbroic in composition, that are buried a few hundred meters below the surface and that are approximately 2 km thick.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Saudi Arabian Mission","publisherLocation":"Jiddah, Saudi Arabia","usgsCitation":"Gettings, M.E., and Andreasen, G., 1983, An interpretation of gravity and aeromagnetic surveys of the Greater Jiddah area, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Report: iv, 37 p.; 3 Plates: 37.52 x 43.15 inches or smaller.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 37 p.; 3 Plates: 37.52 x 43.15 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":308359,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70157374/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":360857,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70157374/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":360856,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70157374/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":360858,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70157374/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":360859,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70157374/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 39.2,\n 20.5\n ],\n [\n 38.7,\n 23\n ],\n [\n 41,\n 23\n ],\n [\n 41,\n 20.5\n ],\n [\n 39.2,\n 20.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"SA(IR) 528, Open-File Report USGS-OF-03-31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56027bafe4b03bc34f5447e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gettings, Mark E. 0000-0002-2910-2321 mgetting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2910-2321","contributorId":602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gettings","given":"Mark","email":"mgetting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andreasen, Gordon E.","contributorId":94272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andreasen","given":"Gordon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011350,"text":"70011350 - 1983 - Plutonium speciation in water from Mono Lake, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-25T15:22:04.609349","indexId":"70011350","displayToPublicDate":"1983-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plutonium speciation in water from Mono Lake, California","docAbstract":"The solubility of plutonium in Mono Lake water is enhanced by the presence of large concentrations of indigenous carbonate ions and moderate concentrations of fluoride ions. In spite of the complex chemical composition of this water, only a few ions govern the behavior of plutonium, as demonstrated by the fact that it was possible to duplicate plutonium speciation in a synthetic water containing only the principal components of Mono Lake water.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.222.4630.1323","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Cleveland, J., Rees, T., and Nash, K., 1983, Plutonium speciation in water from Mono Lake, California: Science, v. 222, no. 4630, p. 1323-1325, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.222.4630.1323.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1323","endPage":"1325","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220973,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mono Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.23547883490315,\n 38.11956391803898\n ],\n [\n -119.23547883490315,\n 37.894106221864334\n ],\n [\n -118.82146949863339,\n 37.894106221864334\n ],\n [\n -118.82146949863339,\n 38.11956391803898\n ],\n [\n -119.23547883490315,\n 38.11956391803898\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"222","issue":"4630","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7c9de4b0c8380cd79aa4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cleveland, J.M.","contributorId":66734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleveland","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rees, T.F.","contributorId":26068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rees","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nash, K.L.","contributorId":27191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nash","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70207327,"text":"70207327 - 1983 - Comment and reply on ‘Transgressive-regressive cycles and the occurrence of coal in some Upper Cretaceous strata of Utah’: Comment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-03T13:39:35.859274","indexId":"70207327","displayToPublicDate":"1983-12-17T10:15:57","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment and reply on ‘Transgressive-regressive cycles and the occurrence of coal in some Upper Cretaceous strata of Utah’: Comment","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geographical Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1983)11<736b:CAROTC>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Fassett, J.E., 1983, Comment and reply on ‘Transgressive-regressive cycles and the occurrence of coal in some Upper Cretaceous strata of Utah’: Comment: Geology, v. 11, no. 12, p. 736-737, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1983)11<736b:CAROTC>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"736","endPage":"737","costCenters":[{"id":165,"text":"Central Energy Resources Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370339,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"11","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fassett, James E. jfassett@usgs.gov","contributorId":73590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fassett","given":"James","email":"jfassett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":165,"text":"Central Energy Resources Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":777724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70207111,"text":"70207111 - 1983 - Strain‐rate profile across the Elsinore, San Jacinto, and San Andreas Faults near Palm Springs, California, 1973‐81","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-01T12:28:14.525601","indexId":"70207111","displayToPublicDate":"1983-12-06T12:23:24","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strain‐rate profile across the Elsinore, San Jacinto, and San Andreas Faults near Palm Springs, California, 1973‐81","docAbstract":"A profile of the strain accumulation rate along a line trending N50°E across the subparallel Elsinore, San Jacinto, and San Andreas faults near Palm Springs, California, has been constructed from trilateration surveys in the 1973‐81 interval. The strain accumulation is principally right‐lateral shear across a vertical plane parallel to fault strike (N40°W). The strain rate profile for that component exhibits two clearly resolved maxima, one centered on the San Jacinto fault (γmax = 0.35 ± 0.02 µrad/a) and the other on the San Andreas fault (γmax = 0.40 ± 0.02 µrad/a); no maximum is associated with the Elsinore fault. This result clearly implies that slip at depth on both the San Andreas and San Jacinto faults is loading the shallower sections of these faults, and that eventually rupture can be expected on both.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/GL010i001p00055","usgsCitation":"King, N., and Savage, J.C., 1983, Strain‐rate profile across the Elsinore, San Jacinto, and San Andreas Faults near Palm Springs, California, 1973‐81: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 10, no. 1, p. 55-57, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL010i001p00055.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"57","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370046,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.61914062499999,\n 32.861132322810946\n ],\n [\n -114.60937499999999,\n 32.861132322810946\n ],\n [\n -114.60937499999999,\n 34.92197103616377\n ],\n [\n -119.61914062499999,\n 34.92197103616377\n ],\n [\n -119.61914062499999,\n 32.861132322810946\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, N.E.","contributorId":29950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, James C. 0000-0002-5114-7673 jasavage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":2412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"James","email":"jasavage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70207110,"text":"70207110 - 1983 - Precision of geodolite surveys: A reply to Jackson and Cheng","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-01T12:24:54.488547","indexId":"70207110","displayToPublicDate":"1983-12-06T12:15:54","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Precision of geodolite surveys: A reply to Jackson and Cheng","docAbstract":"Jackson and Cheng have suggested that the changes in areal dilatation measured in Geodolite surveys by the U.S. Geological Survey may be simply an artifact of the measuring system. Although systematic error could conceivably account for the observed excursions in dilatation, we maintain that the specific criticisms by Jackson and Cheng are incorrect: the excursions in dilatation cannot be attributed to the offset correction nor to proportional error associated with temperature. The absence of both errors is demonstrated by using data that are particularly sensitive to the two effects.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB088iB12p10478","usgsCitation":"Savage, J.C., and Prescott, W., 1983, Precision of geodolite surveys: A reply to Jackson and Cheng: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 88, no. B12, p. 10478-10484, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB088iB12p10478.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"10478","endPage":"10484","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370045,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, James C. 0000-0002-5114-7673 jasavage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":2412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"James","email":"jasavage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prescott, W.H.","contributorId":96337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prescott","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70207109,"text":"70207109 - 1983 - Strain accumulation in western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-01T12:22:40.138835","indexId":"70207109","displayToPublicDate":"1983-12-06T12:06:24","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":806,"text":"Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strain accumulation in western United States","docAbstract":"This review is principally concerned with recent geodetic strain measurements in western United States undertaken by the US Geological Survey as part of the earthquake studies program and, as a consequence, is heavily biased toward the author's own publications. Most of the publications reporting crustal-strain measurements in western United States prior to about 1968 have been compiled in one volume (National Geodetic Survey 1973), and more recent work (with complete bibliographies) is summarized in three successive quadrennial reports to the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (Meade 1971, Savage 1975, Thatcher 1979b). The following conventions are employed in this paper: Strain, a dimensionless quantity, is reported in units of 106 Extension is taken as positive. To distinguish between engineering and tensor shear strain, we denote the former by γ and quote the units as μrad, whereas the latter is denoted by e and given the units of μstrain. Uncertainties in all cases are quoted as ± one standard deviation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Annual Review","doi":"10.1146/annurev.ea.11.050183.000303","usgsCitation":"Savage, J.C., 1983, Strain accumulation in western United States: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 11, p. 11-43, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ea.11.050183.000303.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"43","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370042,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Southern California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.23510742187501,\n 32.731840896865684\n ],\n [\n -114.697265625,\n 32.731840896865684\n ],\n [\n -114.697265625,\n 34.4793919710481\n ],\n [\n -117.23510742187501,\n 34.4793919710481\n ],\n [\n -117.23510742187501,\n 32.731840896865684\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, James C. 0000-0002-5114-7673 jasavage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":2412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"James","email":"jasavage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70207108,"text":"70207108 - 1983 - A dislocation model of strain accumulation and release at a subduction zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-01T12:19:07.642338","indexId":"70207108","displayToPublicDate":"1983-12-06T12:02:29","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A dislocation model of strain accumulation and release at a subduction zone","docAbstract":"Strain accumulation and release at a subduction zone are attributed to stick slip on the main thrust zone and steady aseismic slip on the remainder of the plate interface. This process can be described as a superposition of steady state subduction and a repetitive cycle of slip on the main thrust zone, consisting of steady normal slip at the plate convergence rate plus occasional thrust events that recover the accumulated normal slip. Because steady state subduction does not contribute to the deformation at the free surface, deformation observed there is completely equivalent to that produced by the slip cycle alone. The response to that slip is simply the response of a particular earth model to embedded dislocations. For a purely elastic earth model, the deformation cycle consists of a coseismic offset followed by a linear‐in‐time recovery to the initial value during the interval between earthquakes. For an elastic‐viscoelastic earth model (elastic lithosphere over a viscoelastic asthenosphere), the postearthquake recovery is not linear in time. Records of local uplift as a function of time indicate that the long‐term postseismic recovery is approximately linear, suggesting that elastic earth models are adequate to describe the deformation cycle. However, the deformation predicted for a simple elastic half‐space earth model does not reproduce the deformation observed along the subduction zones in Japan at all well if stick slip is restricted to the main thrust zone. As recognized earlier by Shimazaki, Seno, and Kato, the uplift profiles could be explained if stick slip were postulated to extend along the plate interface beyond the main thrust zone to a depth of perhaps 100 km, but independent evidence suggests that stick slip at such depths is unlikely.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB088iB06p04984","usgsCitation":"Savage, J.C., 1983, A dislocation model of strain accumulation and release at a subduction zone: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 88, no. B6, p. 4984-4996, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB088iB06p04984.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"4984","endPage":"4996","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370041,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"B6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, James C. 0000-0002-5114-7673 jasavage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":2412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"James","email":"jasavage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5223721,"text":"5223721 - 1983 - The significance of diurnal terrestrial emergency of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the Gal?pagos Archipelago","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-29T15:52:09.35813","indexId":"5223721","displayToPublicDate":"1983-12-01T12:19:13","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1045,"text":"Biotropica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The significance of diurnal terrestrial emergency of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the Gal?pagos Archipelago","docAbstract":"The diurnal, nonreproductive emergence of green turtles Chelonia mydas in Galapagos apparently occurs throughout the year on several islands. Turtles on beaches have cloacal temperatures that exceed temperatures of adjacent coastal waters. Basking turtles are predominately females. We hypothesize that females bask to accelerate digestion and fat build-up, necessary antecedents to egg production in reproductive periods. Basking turtles show a trend to clump among available beaches. Such behavior may be a response to microclimatic differences between beaches, although such differences were not apparent to us. The occurrence of thermoregulatory behavior in marine turtles in Galapagos may be a response to the cool waters of the Humboldt Current.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/2387653","usgsCitation":"Snell, H., and Fritts, T.H., 1983, The significance of diurnal terrestrial emergency of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the Gal?pagos Archipelago: Biotropica, v. 15, no. 4, p. 285-291, https://doi.org/10.2307/2387653.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"285","endPage":"291","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199957,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Ecuador","otherGeospatial":"Galapagos Archipelago","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.30646174996666,\n 0.8730502262746143\n ],\n [\n -92.30646174996666,\n -1.5980348549939265\n ],\n [\n -88.94125174801036,\n -1.5980348549939265\n ],\n [\n -88.94125174801036,\n 0.8730502262746143\n ],\n [\n -92.30646174996666,\n 0.8730502262746143\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db636405","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snell, H.L.","contributorId":49314,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snell","given":"H.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fritts, Thomas H.","contributorId":77204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritts","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011183,"text":"70011183 - 1983 - K-Ar ages and the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean: Basaltic rock from the Brazilian margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-16T16:24:54.784161","indexId":"70011183","displayToPublicDate":"1983-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"K-Ar ages and the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean: Basaltic rock from the Brazilian margin","docAbstract":"In the event of the development of the large oil shale reserves of Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming, one of the main environmental concerns will be disposal of retorted-oil shale which will be generated in greater volume than the original volume oI the mined oil shale. Investigators have found that leachates of retorted-oil shale are alkaline and have large concentrations of dissolved solids, molybdenum, boron, and fluoride (STOLLENWERK & RUNNELS 1981). STOLLENWERK & RUNNELS (1981) concluded that drainage from waste shale piles could have deleterious effects on the water quality of streams in northwestern Colorado.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01610091","usgsCitation":"McKnight, D.M., Pereira, W.E., Rostad, C.E., and Stiles, E.A., 1983, Effect of retorted-oil shale leachate on a blue-green alga (Anabaena flos-aquae): Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 30, no. 1, p. 6-16, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01610091.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"6","endPage":"16","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338321,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d6303fe4b05ec799131115","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":686136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pereira, Wilfred E.","contributorId":95552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pereira","given":"Wilfred","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rostad, Colleen E. cerostad@usgs.gov","contributorId":833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"Colleen","email":"cerostad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":686138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stiles, Eric A.","contributorId":8449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stiles","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70186166,"text":"70186166 - 1983 - Rhodamine-WT dye losses in a mountain stream environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T09:40:51","indexId":"70186166","displayToPublicDate":"1983-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rhodamine-WT dye losses in a mountain stream environment","docAbstract":"A significant fraction of rhodamine WT dye was lost during a short term multitracer injection experiment in a mountain stream environment. The conservative anion chloride and the sorbing cation lithium were concurrently injected. In-stream rhodamine WT concentrations were as low as 45 percent of that expected, based on chloride data. Concentration data were available from shallow‘wells’dug near the stream course and from a seep of suspected return flow. Both rhodamine WT dye and lithium were nonconservative with respect to the conservative chloride, with rhodamine WT dye closely following the behavior of the sorbing lithium.
Nonsorption and sorption mechanisms for rhodamine WT loss in a mountain stream were evaluated in laboratory experiments. Experiments evaluating nonsorption losses indicated minimal losses by such mechanisms. Laboratory experiments using sand and gravel size streambed sediments show an appreciable capacity for rhodamine WT sorption.
The detection of tracers in the shallow wells and seep indicates interaction between the stream and the flow in the surrounding subsurface, intergravel water, system. The injected tracers had ample opportunity for intimate contact with materials shown in the laboratory experiments to be potentially sorptive. It is suggested that in the study stream system, interaction with streambed gravel was a significant mechanism for the attenuation of rhodamine WT dye (relative to chloride).
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1983.tb05944.x","usgsCitation":"Bencala, K.E., Rathburn, R.E., Jackman, A.P., Kennedy, V.C., Zellweger, G.W., and Avanzino, R.J., 1983, Rhodamine-WT dye losses in a mountain stream environment: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 19, no. 6, p. 943-950, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1983.tb05944.x.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"943","endPage":"950","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338829,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de1955e4b02ff32c699cdd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":687732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rathburn, Ronald E.","contributorId":190187,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rathburn","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jackman, Alan P.","contributorId":28239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackman","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kennedy, Vance C.","contributorId":102063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Vance","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zellweger, Gary W.","contributorId":71171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zellweger","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Avanzino, Ronald J.","contributorId":24355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avanzino","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70011264,"text":"70011264 - 1983 - Chlorine-36 dating of saline sediments: Preliminary results from Searles Lake, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-25T15:35:33.648754","indexId":"70011264","displayToPublicDate":"1983-11-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chlorine-36 dating of saline sediments: Preliminary results from Searles Lake, California","docAbstract":"Measurements have been made of the ratios of chlorine-36 to chlorine in five halite samples from Searles Lake sediments, previously dated by carbon-14, thorium-230, and magnetostratigraphic techniques. The ages calculated from the chlorine ratios are generally concordant with those from the other methods, implying the constancy of the chlorine input ratio over the last million years.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.222.4626.925","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Phillips, F.M., Smith, G., Bentley, H., Elmore, D., and Gove, H., 1983, Chlorine-36 dating of saline sediments: Preliminary results from Searles Lake, California: Science, v. 222, no. 4626, p. 925-927, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.222.4626.925.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"925","endPage":"927","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220762,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Searles Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.39690339186222,\n 35.79957409122409\n ],\n [\n -117.39690339186222,\n 35.645141078056525\n ],\n [\n -117.24319408854454,\n 35.645141078056525\n ],\n [\n -117.24319408854454,\n 35.79957409122409\n ],\n [\n -117.39690339186222,\n 35.79957409122409\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"222","issue":"4626","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5cee4b0c8380cd4c426","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, F. M.","contributorId":24493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, G.I.","contributorId":103694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bentley, H.W.","contributorId":88481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bentley","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elmore, D.","contributorId":83268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elmore","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gove, H.E.","contributorId":16576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gove","given":"H.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70012088,"text":"70012088 - 1983 - Three Mars years: Viking Lander 1 imaging observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-25T15:46:00.82647","indexId":"70012088","displayToPublicDate":"1983-11-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three Mars years: Viking Lander 1 imaging observations","docAbstract":"The Mutch Memorial Station (Viking Lander 1) on Mars acquired imaging and meteorological data over a period of 2245 martian days (3:3 martian years). This article discusses the deposition and erosion of thin deposits (ten to hundreds of micrometers) of bright red dust associated with global dust storms, and the removal of centimeter amounts of material in selected areas during a dust storm late in the third winter. Atmospheric pressure data acquired during the period of intense erosion imply that baroclinic disturbances and strong diurnal solar tidal heating combined to produce strong winds. Erosion occurred principally in areas where soil cohesion was reduced by earlier surface sampler activities. Except for redistribution of thin layers of materials, the surface appears to be remarkably stable, perhaps because of cohesion of the undisturbed surface material.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.222.4623.463","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Arvidson, R., Guinness, E., Moore, H., Tillman, J., and Wall, S.D., 1983, Three Mars years: Viking Lander 1 imaging observations: Science, v. 222, no. 4623, p. 463-468, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.222.4623.463.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"463","endPage":"468","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222696,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"222","issue":"4623","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb30fe4b08c986b325b63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arvidson, R. E.","contributorId":46666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arvidson","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guinness, E.A.","contributorId":78070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guinness","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, H. J.","contributorId":71962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"H. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tillman, J.","contributorId":61567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wall, S. D.","contributorId":86468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wall","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70011345,"text":"70011345 - 1983 - Geology: A new data source for in situ stress field orientations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-03T23:23:30.158666","indexId":"70011345","displayToPublicDate":"1983-11-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology: A new data source for in situ stress field orientations","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/306018a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Zoback, M.D., 1983, Geology: A new data source for in situ stress field orientations: Nature, v. 306, no. 5938, p. 18-18, https://doi.org/10.1038/306018a0.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"18","endPage":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":490612,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/306018a0","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":220898,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"306","issue":"5938","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e49de4b0c8380cd4678e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zoback, Mark D.","contributorId":80275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoback","given":"Mark","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70236973,"text":"70236973 - 1983 - Applications of Landsat data and the data base approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-23T18:14:01.286676","indexId":"70236973","displayToPublicDate":"1983-11-01T13:05:45","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Applications of Landsat data and the data base approach","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"NTC '83: IEEE 1983 National Telesystems Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"IEEE 1983 National Telesystems Conference","conferenceDate":"November 14-16, 1983","conferenceLocation":"Cathedral Hill Hotel, San Francisco, California, United States","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","usgsCitation":"Lauer, D.T., 1983, Applications of Landsat data and the data base approach, in NTC '83: IEEE 1983 National Telesystems Conference, Cathedral Hill Hotel, San Francisco, California, United States, November 14-16, 1983, p. 265-270.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"270","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407278,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lauer, D. T.","contributorId":47907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lauer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":852874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014376,"text":"1014376 - 1983 - Dietary requirements for essential branched-chain amino acids by lake trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-10T15:36:22.79274","indexId":"1014376","displayToPublicDate":"1983-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dietary requirements for essential branched-chain amino acids by lake trout","docAbstract":"In a 12‐week growth study of the dietary requirements of young lake trout Salvelinus namaycush for essential branched‐chain amino acids, the leucine requirement was between 2.74 and 3.66%, and the isoleucine requirement between 1.54 and 2.06%, of dietary protein (as‐fed basis). These ranges are substantially lower than those published and widely used in formulation of salmonid feeds. On the basis of both growth criteria and concentration of free amino acids in blood plasma, the valine requirement was within the range of 1.77 to 2.23% of dietary protein. The upper value of this range is substantially lower than the requirement reported for chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. Plasma valine concentrations in lake trout responded to dietary supplements of valine above the requirement level; the concentrations increased sharply once the requirement was exceeded. This finding is similar to observations recorded in other animals.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1983)112<812:DRFEBA>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hughes, S.G., Rumsey, G.L., and Nesheim, M., 1983, Dietary requirements for essential branched-chain amino acids by lake trout: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 112, no. 6, p. 812-817, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1983)112<812:DRFEBA>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"812","endPage":"817","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129689,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"112","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d801","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, S. G.","contributorId":92200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rumsey, G. L.","contributorId":80604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rumsey","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nesheim, M.C.","contributorId":29357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nesheim","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012117,"text":"70012117 - 1983 - The relationship of joints and stream drainage in flat-lying rocks of south-central New York and northern Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-19T16:16:39.563931","indexId":"70012117","displayToPublicDate":"1983-10-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3803,"text":"Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relationship of joints and stream drainage in flat-lying rocks of south-central New York and northern Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Examination of the relationship of joints to stream development shows that the oft-cited development of streams parallel to joint directions does not, in general, apply in south-central New York and adjacent northern Pennsylvania. Streams whose courses are oblique to the joint directions (joint-oblique valleys) tend to erode easily owing to increased corrasion and subsequent undercutting at the upstream intersection of joints. The removal of joint-bounded blocks in joint-oblique valleys forms cascades that advance headward by apical erosion. Streams whose courses are parallel and perpendicular (joint-parallel valleys) to the nearly orthogonal joint sets erode by waterfall and plunge-pool formation; bedrock is undercut on the downstream side, and unstable blocks subsequently collapse into the plunge pool. Most valleys in the Finger Lakes region are joint-oblique, although some well-developed valleys are joint-parallel. These joint-parallel valleys are usually due to (1) a single deep, pervasive joint whose presence acts as a barrier to lateral expansion of the stream, or (2) erosion along joint zones whose intense fracturing produces weak erosional resistance in the rocks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Schweizebart Science Publishers","doi":"10.1127/zfg/27/1983/375","issn":"03728854","usgsCitation":"Pohn, H., 1983, The relationship of joints and stream drainage in flat-lying rocks of south-central New York and northern Pennsylvania: Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, v. 27, no. 3, p. 375-384, https://doi.org/10.1127/zfg/27/1983/375.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"375","endPage":"384","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222055,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York, Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.83504095578868,\n 42.84806858869206\n ],\n [\n -77.83504095578868,\n 41.383399612905976\n ],\n [\n -74.98160962860936,\n 41.383399612905976\n ],\n [\n -74.98160962860936,\n 42.84806858869206\n ],\n [\n -77.83504095578868,\n 42.84806858869206\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf25e4b08c986b32459e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pohn, H. A.","contributorId":6912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pohn","given":"H. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70171540,"text":"70171540 - 1983 - Measuring water surface and streambed elevation changes with the acoustic velocity metering system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-07T13:43:53","indexId":"70171540","displayToPublicDate":"1983-10-12T14:30:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measuring water surface and streambed elevation changes with the acoustic velocity metering system","docAbstract":"Acoustic velocity metering systems used to measure the water velocity along a diagonal path across a stream can also be used to measure stage and streambed changes. Underwater acoustic transmissions reflected from the water surface can accurately measure depth above transducers. Similarly, signals reflected from the streambed can indicate streambed changes in the vicinity midway between transducers.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR019i005p01317","usgsCitation":"Laenen, A., 1983, Measuring water surface and streambed elevation changes with the acoustic velocity metering system: Water Resources Research, v. 19, no. 5, p. 1317-1322, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR019i005p01317.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1317","endPage":"1322","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":322098,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575158b7e4b053f0edd03c70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laenen, Antonius","contributorId":107673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laenen","given":"Antonius","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70112977,"text":"70112977 - 1983 - New horizons for the national high-altitude photography program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-18T15:20:57","indexId":"70112977","displayToPublicDate":"1983-10-04T15:02:39","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3022,"text":"Pecora VIII Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New horizons for the national high-altitude photography program","docAbstract":"The National High-Altitude Photography Program (NHAP) is a multi-Federal agency activity to acquire uniform imagery for the establishment of a national high-altitude photographic data base. Federal agencies participating in NHAP have pooled their resources and consolidated photographic requirements in a systematic 6-year effort that will minimize duplication of photographic programs, reduce overall Federal expenditures for aerial photography, and provide imagery for a wide range of public and private users, The U.S. Geological Survey has the lead coordination role and shares, with the other participating agencies, the responsibility for funding the acquisition of photography.
\nSince the inception of NHAP in 1980, black-and-white and color infrared stereoscopic imagery has been acquired for about 50% of the 3,000,000 square miles in the conterminous United States. An additional 40% of the 48-State area is under contract to provide aerial survey firms, and the sixth and final contract to achieve complete once-over coverage will be awarded early in 1985. Extensive use has been made of the newly established data base for mapping, landform studies, land use planning, natural resource inventory, evaluation and management, engineering, and education.
\nIn anticipation of the completion of once-over coverage, the participating agencies have begun studies to define the requirements for a maintenance program which would provide cyclic coverage of the conterminous United States and imagery for specific agency needs. Although continued funding at the same level is not assured, under consideration are requirements for new cameras, films, and other remote sensors, photographic parameters, and extension of program coverage to Alaska, Hawaii, and outlying areas. In addition, new applications of the data base to prepare cartographic map and data products are being investigated. It is becoming increasingly clear that some major decision needs to be made soon if a NHAP II is to begin in 1986.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora VIII Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Augustana Research Institute","publisherLocation":"Sioux Falls, SD","usgsCitation":"Bermel, P.F., 1983, New horizons for the national high-altitude photography program: Pecora VIII Symposium, p. 172-172.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"172","endPage":"172","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288840,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7784e4b0abf75cf2c169","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bermel, Peter F.","contributorId":43915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bermel","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70112976,"text":"70112976 - 1983 - Lithologic mapping using Landsat thematic mapper data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-18T15:01:46","indexId":"70112976","displayToPublicDate":"1983-10-04T14:52:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3022,"text":"Pecora VIII Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lithologic mapping using Landsat thematic mapper data","docAbstract":"The Landsat-4 Thematic Mapper (TM), with its new near infrared bands centered at 1.65 μm and 2.20 μm and spatial resolution of 30 m has been used to distinguish rocks containing minerals having ferric-iron absorption bands in the visible and near-infrared and Al-O- and CO3 absorption bands in the 2.1-2.4 μm regions. On the basis of characteristic absorption bands, digitally processed TM data were used to differentiate vegetated from non-vegetated areas, limonitic from nonlimonitic rocks, rocks containing minerals having absorption bands in the near-infrared region from rocks lacking infrared absorption bands. Specific minerals were detected in both the humid eastern and semi-arid western United States. The absorption bands in the near-infrared region were used to detect kaolinite in open-pit exposures of a kaolin mining district near Macon, Georgia; calcium carbonate in the back sands along the east coast of Floridia; and kaolinite, alunite, jarosite, sericite and gypsum in natural exposures near Boulder City, Nevada.
\nThese results show that the additional spectral bands in the near-infrared region and increased spatial resolution of the Thematic Mapper provide a valuable tool for distinguishing several significant geologic materials not distinguishable from space using previous imaging systems. They also show that TM data can be successfully used in a variety of geologic environments.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora VIII Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Augustana Research Institute","publisherLocation":"Sioux Falls, SD","usgsCitation":"Podwysocki, M.H., Salisbury, J., Jones, O.D., and Mimms, D., 1983, Lithologic mapping using Landsat thematic mapper data: Pecora VIII Symposium, p. 169-169.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"169","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288836,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae775ce4b0abf75cf2c119","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Podwysocki, M. H.","contributorId":70391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Podwysocki","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Salisbury, J.W.","contributorId":78352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salisbury","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, O. D.","contributorId":42700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mimms, D.L.","contributorId":39522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mimms","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70112964,"text":"70112964 - 1983 - Evaluation of thematic mapper data for natural resource assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T13:56:03.522624","indexId":"70112964","displayToPublicDate":"1983-10-04T14:40:08","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Evaluation of thematic mapper data for natural resource assessment","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center evaluated the utility of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) date for natural resource assessment, emphasizing manual interpretation and digital classification of the data for U.S. Department of the Interior applications. Substantially more information was derived from TM data than from Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) data.
\nGreater resolution of TM data aided in locating roads, small stock ponds, and many other land features that could be used as landmarks. The improved spatial resolution of TM data also permitted more efficient visual interpretations of land use, better identification of resource types, and improved assessment of ecological status of natural vegetation. TM data also provided a new source of spectral information that was useful for natural resource assessment. New mid-infrared spectral bands, TM band 5 and band 7, aided in distinguishing water resources, wetland vegetation resources, and other important terrain features. The added information was useful for both manual interpretation and digital data classification of vegetation resources and land features.
\nResults from the analyses of both TM and TM simulator (TMS) spectral data suggest that the coefficient of variation for major land cover types is generally less for TM data than for MSS data taken from the same area. This reduction in variance should contribute to an improved multispectral analysis, contributing new information about vegetation in natural ecosystems. Although the amount of new information in TM bands 5 and 7 is mall, it is unique in that the same information cannot be derived from four-band Landsat MSS spectral data.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora VIII Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Augustana Research Institute","publisherLocation":"Sioux Falls, SD","usgsCitation":"Haas, R.H., and Waltz, F., 1983, Evaluation of thematic mapper data for natural resource assessment, in Pecora VIII Symposium, p. 122-133.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"122","endPage":"133","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288835,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae76aee4b0abf75cf2bfe5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haas, R. H.","contributorId":57456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waltz, F. A.","contributorId":44034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waltz","given":"F. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70112951,"text":"70112951 - 1983 - Thematic mapper: detailed radiometric and geometric characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-18T14:39:11","indexId":"70112951","displayToPublicDate":"1983-10-04T14:04:05","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3022,"text":"Pecora VIII Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thematic mapper: detailed radiometric and geometric characteristics","docAbstract":"Those radiometric characteristics of the Landsat 4 Thematic Mapper (TM) that can be established without absolute calibration of spectral data have been examined. Subscenes of radiometric all raw data (B-data) were examined on an individual detector basis: areas of uniform radiance were used to characterize subtle radiometric differences and noise problems. A variety of anomalies have been discovered with magnitude of a few digital levels or less: the only problem not addressable by ground processing is irregular width of the digital levels. Essentially all of this non-ideal performance is incorporated in the fully processed (P-type) images, but disguised by the geometric resampling procedure. The overall performance of the Thematic Mapper is a great improvement over previous Landsat scanners.
\nThe effective resolution in radiance is degraded by about a factor of two by irregular width of the digital levels. Several detectors have a change of gain with a period of several scans, the largest effect is about 4%. These detectors appear to switch between two response levels during scan direction reversal; there is no apparent periodicity to these changes. This can cause small apparent difference between forward and reverse scans for portions of an image. The high-frequency noise level of each detector was characterized by the standard deviation of the first derivative in the sample direction across a flat field. Coherent sinusoidal noise patterns were determined using one-dimensional Fourier transforms. A \"stitching\" pattern in Band 1 has a period of 13.8 samples with a peak-to-peak amplitude ranging from 1 to 5 DN. Noise with a period of 3.24 samples is pronounced for most detectors in band 1, to a lesser extent in bands 2, 3, and 4, and below background noise levels in bands 5, 6, and 7.
\nThe geometric fidelity of the GSFC film writer used for Thematic Mapper (TM) images was assessed by measurement with accuracy bette than three micrometers of a test grid. A set of 55 control points with known UTM coordinates was measured on a digital display of part of band 5 of the TM image of the Washington, D.C. area and fitted to the control points. The standard error of the fit of the TM image to the control is 37 meters, or 1.3 pixels, with no consistent distortion. These test indicate that the geometric fidelity of TM images is likely to be higher than the ability of film recorders to reproduce the images.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora VIII Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Augustana Research Institute","publisherLocation":"Sioux Falls, SD","usgsCitation":"Kieffer, H., 1983, Thematic mapper: detailed radiometric and geometric characteristics: Pecora VIII Symposium, p. 75-75.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"75","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288830,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7872e4b0abf75cf2d571","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kieffer, Hugh","contributorId":13747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kieffer","given":"Hugh","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}