{"pageNumber":"5244","pageRowStart":"131075","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70236740,"text":"70236740 - 1983 - Time-series vegetation monitoring with NOAA satellite data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-16T17:10:42.158128","indexId":"70236740","displayToPublicDate":"1983-08-01T12:00:49","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Time-series vegetation monitoring with NOAA satellite data","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Renewable resource inventories for monitoring changes and trends: Proceedings of an international conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Renewable resource inventories for monitoring changes and trends","conferenceDate":"August 15-19, 1983","conferenceLocation":"Cornwallis, Oregon, United States","language":"English","publisher":"Oregon State University","usgsCitation":"Miller, W.A., and Moore, D.G., 1983, Time-series vegetation monitoring with NOAA satellite data, <i>in</i> Renewable resource inventories for monitoring changes and trends: Proceedings of an international conference, Cornwallis, Oregon, United States, August 15-19, 1983, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406859,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Wayne A. wamiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Wayne","email":"wamiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":852064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, Donald G.","contributorId":41146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":852065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70011263,"text":"70011263 - 1983 - Ages estimated from a diffusion equation model for scarp degradation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-08T17:05:12.359958","indexId":"70011263","displayToPublicDate":"1983-07-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ages estimated from a diffusion equation model for scarp degradation","docAbstract":"The diffusion equation derived from the continuity equation for hillslopes is applied to scarp erosion in unconsolidated materials. Solutions to this equation allow direct calculation of the product of the rate coefficient and the age of the scarp from measurements of scarp morphology. Where the rate coefficient can be estimated or can be derived from scarps of known age, this method allows direct calculation of unknown ages of scarps.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.221.4607.263","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Colman, S.M., and Watson, K., 1983, Ages estimated from a diffusion equation model for scarp degradation: Science, v. 221, no. 4607, p. 263-265, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.221.4607.263.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"265","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220761,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"221","issue":"4607","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e903e4b0c8380cd48039","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colman, Steven M. 0000-0002-0564-9576","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-9576","contributorId":77482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":360692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watson, Ken","contributorId":90317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70011214,"text":"70011214 - 1983 - Neptunium and americium speciation in selected basalt, granite, shale, and tuff ground waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-09T16:33:43.620937","indexId":"70011214","displayToPublicDate":"1983-07-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Neptunium and americium speciation in selected basalt, granite, shale, and tuff ground waters","docAbstract":"<p><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\"><span>Neptunium and americium are relatively insoluble in ground waters containing high sulfate concentrations, particularly at 90°C. The insoluble neptunium species is Np(IV); hence reducing waters should enhance its formation. Americium can exist only in the trivalent state under these conditions, and its solubility also should be representative of that of curium.</span></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.221.4607.271","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Cleveland, J., Rees, T., and Nash, K., 1983, Neptunium and americium speciation in selected basalt, granite, shale, and tuff ground waters: Science, v. 221, no. 4607, p. 271-273, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.221.4607.271.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"273","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220757,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"221","issue":"4607","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6474e4b0c8380cd729c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cleveland, J.M.","contributorId":66734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleveland","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rees, T.F.","contributorId":26068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rees","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nash, K.L.","contributorId":27191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nash","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70011298,"text":"70011298 - 1983 - Sulfur diagenesis in Everglades peat and origin of pyrite in coal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-08T17:00:17.215376","indexId":"70011298","displayToPublicDate":"1983-07-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulfur diagenesis in Everglades peat and origin of pyrite in coal","docAbstract":"The pattern of sulfur transformation in peat across the Everglades basin indicates that pyrite formation in organic-rich swamps depends on the use of organic oxysulfur compounds in dissimilatory respiration by sulfur-reducing bacteria. This paragenesis explains the primary distribution of sulfur compounds in low-sulfur coals and possibly in most coals and many organic-rich soils and sediments. It also accounts for the occurrence of framboidal pyrite bound in fossil tissue in coal and sediments.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.221.4607.221","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Altschuler, Z., Schnepfe, M., Silber, C., and Simon, F., 1983, Sulfur diagenesis in Everglades peat and origin of pyrite in coal: Science, v. 221, no. 4607, p. 221-227, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.221.4607.221.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"227","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221229,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.79417968173072,\n              26.112440580918474\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.79417968173072,\n              25.20908920984114\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.47879740240866,\n              25.20908920984114\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.47879740240866,\n              26.112440580918474\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.79417968173072,\n              26.112440580918474\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"221","issue":"4607","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9dd2e4b08c986b31dad6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Altschuler, Z. S.","contributorId":42962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Altschuler","given":"Z. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schnepfe, M. M.","contributorId":93622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnepfe","given":"M. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Silber, C.C.","contributorId":30748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silber","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simon, F.O.","contributorId":41808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"F.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70011256,"text":"70011256 - 1983 - Multiple microtektite horizons in upper Eocene marine sediments: No evidence for mass extinctions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-09T16:37:28.85255","indexId":"70011256","displayToPublicDate":"1983-07-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiple microtektite horizons in upper Eocene marine sediments: No evidence for mass extinctions","docAbstract":"<p><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\"><span>Microtektites have been recovered from three horizons in eight middle Eocene to middle Oligocene marine sediment sequences. Five of these occurrences are coeval and of latest Eocene age (37.5 to 38.0 million years ago); three are coeval and of early late Eocene age (38.5 to 39.5 million years ago); and three are of middle Oligocene age (31 to 32 million years ago). In addition, rare probable microtektites have been found in sediments with ages of about 36.0 to 36.5 million years. The microtektite horizon at 37.5 to 38.0 million years can be correlated with the North American tektite-strewn field, which has a fission track age (minimum) of 34 to 35 million years and a paleomagnetic age of 37.5 to 38.0 million years. There is no evidence for mass faunal extinctions at any of the microtektite horizons. Many of the distinct faunal changes that occurred in the middle Eocene to middle Oligocene can be related to the formation of the Antarctic ice sheet and the associated cooling phenomena and intensification of bottom currents that led to large-scale dissolution of calcium carbonate and erosion, which created areally extensive hiatuses in the deep-sea sediment records. The occurrence of microtektite horizons of several ages and the lack of evidence for faunal extinctions suggest that the effects of extraterrestrial bolide impacts may be unimportant in the biologic realm during middle Eocene to middle Oligocene time.</span></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.221.4606.150","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Keller, G., D’Hondt, S.L., and Vallier, T., 1983, Multiple microtektite horizons in upper Eocene marine sediments: No evidence for mass extinctions: Science, v. 221, no. 4606, p. 150-152, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.221.4606.150.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"150","endPage":"152","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221745,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"221","issue":"4606","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a606fe4b0c8380cd71460","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keller, G.","contributorId":72527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"D’Hondt, Steven L.","contributorId":82057,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"D’Hondt","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vallier, T.L.","contributorId":69526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallier","given":"T.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223599,"text":"5223599 - 1983 - Disruption, dispersion, and dominance in lek-breeding birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-17T15:51:04.370956","indexId":"5223599","displayToPublicDate":"1983-07-01T12:19:34","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":740,"text":"American Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disruption, dispersion, and dominance in lek-breeding birds","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/284118","usgsCitation":"Foster, M.S., 1983, Disruption, dispersion, and dominance in lek-breeding birds: American Naturalist, v. 122, no. 1, p. 53-72, https://doi.org/10.1086/284118.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"72","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200069,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a2d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, Mercedes S.","contributorId":72088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Mercedes","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5221833,"text":"5221833 - 1983 - Cholinesterase inhibition of birds inhabiting wheat fields treated with methyl parathion and toxaphene","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-12T16:58:06.216601","indexId":"5221833","displayToPublicDate":"1983-07-01T12:19:13","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cholinesterase inhibition of birds inhabiting wheat fields treated with methyl parathion and toxaphene","docAbstract":"<p><span>Red-winged blackbirds (</span><i>Agelaius phoeniceus</i><span>) and dickcissels (</span><i>Spiza americana</i><span>) inhabiting wheat fields treated with 0.67 kg AI/ha methyl parathion and 1.35 kg AI/ha toxaphene showed brain cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition compared with birds inhabiting untreated fields. Maximum inhibition occurred about five days after insecticide application. ChE activities again approached “normal” 10 days after treatment. ChE inhibition for dickcissels and red-winged blackbirds differed significantly (p&lt;0.05); maximum inhibition for the former species was 74%, and for the latter, 40%. These differences could not be explained by the diets of the two species, as they were similar.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01057591","usgsCitation":"Niethammer, K.R., and Baskett, T.S., 1983, Cholinesterase inhibition of birds inhabiting wheat fields treated with methyl parathion and toxaphene: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 12, no. 4, p. 471-475, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01057591.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"471","endPage":"475","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193361,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e268f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Niethammer, K. R.","contributorId":74832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niethammer","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baskett, Thomas S.","contributorId":48615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baskett","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70011628,"text":"70011628 - 1983 - Effective record length for the T-year event","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-11T17:01:03.570727","indexId":"70011628","displayToPublicDate":"1983-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effective record length for the T-year event","docAbstract":"<p><span>The effect of serial dependence on the reliability of an estimate of the&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><span>-yr. event is of importance in hydrology because design decisions are based upon the estimate. In this paper the reliability of estimates of the&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><span>-yr. event from two common distributions is given as a function of number of observations and lag-one serial correlation coefficient for&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><span>&nbsp;= 2, 10, 20, 50, and 100 yr. A lag-one autoregressive model is assumed with either a normal or Pearson Type-III disturbance term. Results indicate that, if observations are serially correlated, the effective record length should be used to estimate the discharge associated with the expected exceedance probability.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(83)90059-8","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Tasker, G.D., 1983, Effective record length for the T-year event: Journal of Hydrology, v. 64, no. 1-4, p. 39-47, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(83)90059-8.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"47","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221125,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0634e4b0c8380cd51156","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tasker, Gary D.","contributorId":83097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tasker","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1001481,"text":"1001481 - 1983 - Concentrated nesting of mallards and gadwalls on Miller Lake Island, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-01T15:49:08.811316","indexId":"1001481","displayToPublicDate":"1983-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concentrated nesting of mallards and gadwalls on Miller Lake Island, North Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>Island-nesting mallards (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>) and gadwalls (<i>A. strepera</i>) were studied on a 4.5-ha island in 385-ha Miller Lake in northwestern North Dakota during 1976-80. During the 5-year study, 2,561 duck nests of 9 species were found on Island A located 180 m offshore; 59% were mallard and 34% were gadwall. In patches of shrub cover, which contained the greatest concentrations of nests, densities ranged from 241 to 389 mallard nests/ha and from 139 to 237 gadwall nests/ha. Over 97% of the nests were placed in 4 patches of shrubs totaling about 1 ha of western snowberry (<i>Symphoricarpos occidentalis</i>)--Woods rose (<i>Rosa woodsii</i>) cover, which composed about 30% of the island's vegetation. Average hatching success was 85% for clutches of all species. Abandonment averaged 14% (348 of 2,426 nests) and was the major cause of egg failure. Only 15 nests (&lt;1%) were destroyed, primarily by ring-billed (<i>Larus delawarensis</i>) or California gulls (<i>L. californicus</i>). A minimum of 15,960 ducklings including 9,300 mallards and 5,150 gadwalls hatched on 4.5-ha Island A. Hatching rates of eggs in successful nests averaged 83% for mallards and 87% for gadwalls. Despite the close spacing of nests, most individual hens maintained normal nesting regimes. Eighty-one percent of the mallard clutches contained 7-13 eggs and 81% of the gadwall clutches contained 8-14 eggs. Island A in Miller Lake provides an outstanding example of the potential for high reproduction levels of mallards and gadwalls nesting in small areas of predator-free habitats.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3808608","usgsCitation":"Duebbert, H.F., Lokemoen, J.T., and Sharp, D.E., 1983, Concentrated nesting of mallards and gadwalls on Miller Lake Island, North Dakota: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 47, no. 3, p. 729-740, https://doi.org/10.2307/3808608.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"729","endPage":"740","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133601,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-98.724375,45.938686],[-100.720865,45.944024],[-104.045443,45.94531],[-104.046822,46.000199],[-104.045333,47.343452],[-104.041662,47.862282],[-104.048054,48.500025],[-104.048736,48.999877],[-102.216993,48.998553],[-97.229039,49.000687],[-97.231397,48.997212],[-97.230833,48.991303],[-97.238387,48.982631],[-97.238882,48.966573],[-97.23146,48.962437],[-97.232147,48.948955],[-97.227854,48.945864],[-97.224505,48.9341],[-97.217549,48.929892],[-97.219095,48.922078],[-97.217992,48.919735],[-97.211161,48.916649],[-97.212706,48.908143],[-97.210541,48.90439],[-97.197982,48.898332],[-97.199981,48.891086],[-97.197857,48.886838],[-97.197982,48.880341],[-97.186238,48.87347],[-97.187113,48.866098],[-97.180116,48.861601],[-97.179071,48.856866],[-97.175618,48.853105],[-97.177243,48.846483],[-97.173811,48.838309],[-97.181116,48.832741],[-97.180991,48.828992],[-97.177747,48.824815],[-97.180028,48.81845],[-97.177045,48.814124],[-97.164874,48.808253],[-97.165921,48.803792],[-97.162959,48.79293],[-97.157093,48.790024],[-97.157804,48.784104],[-97.154116,48.781891],[-97.155223,48.775499],[-97.147478,48.766033],[-97.151043,48.755707],[-97.139488,48.746611],[-97.139611,48.738129],[-97.134847,48.733324],[-97.135588,48.726403],[-97.126398,48.721101],[-97.116185,48.709348],[-97.119027,48.703292],[-97.118286,48.700573],[-97.108655,48.691484],[-97.097584,48.686298],[-97.100674,48.679624],[-97.100009,48.667926],[-97.102652,48.664793],[-97.100551,48.658614],[-97.111921,48.642918],[-97.108466,48.632658],[-97.111559,48.630266],[-97.125269,48.629694],[-97.124774,48.621537],[-97.130089,48.621166],[-97.131448,48.613998],[-97.137504,48.612268],[-97.138246,48.604234],[-97.143684,48.597066],[-97.141585,48.59082],[-97.142915,48.583733],[-97.14974,48.579516],[-97.149616,48.569876],[-97.158638,48.564067],[-97.158267,48.558753],[-97.153942,48.556034],[-97.152459,48.552326],[-97.160863,48.549236],[-97.16309,48.543964],[-97.148874,48.534282],[-97.153076,48.524148],[-97.148133,48.503384],[-97.146279,48.499677],[-97.138864,48.494362],[-97.139276,48.48631],[-97.144981,48.481571],[-97.141397,48.476256],[-97.143745,48.473661],[-97.144116,48.469212],[-97.141768,48.464021],[-97.132746,48.459942],[-97.133611,48.45228],[-97.137689,48.447583],[-97.137689,48.444247],[-97.134229,48.439797],[-97.13497,48.436337],[-97.139296,48.432011],[-97.1356,48.424369],[-97.142849,48.419471],[-97.142457,48.416727],[-97.138343,48.415944],[-97.1356,48.411829],[-97.135012,48.406735],[-97.145592,48.394195],[-97.145201,48.388904],[-97.140106,48.380479],[-97.142066,48.374209],[-97.147356,48.368723],[-97.147748,48.359905],[-97.143861,48.354503],[-97.137822,48.352003],[-97.137904,48.344585],[-97.131145,48.339722],[-97.134772,48.328677],[-97.127766,48.326781],[-97.127601,48.323319],[-97.13125,48.319543],[-97.131921,48.312728],[-97.126176,48.309147],[-97.126176,48.303701],[-97.122296,48.301388],[-97.12252,48.299299],[-97.128638,48.297657],[-97.128862,48.292882],[-97.12216,48.290056],[-97.11657,48.279661],[-97.12408,48.27125],[-97.131846,48.267589],[-97.127146,48.262889],[-97.129384,48.258785],[-97.127967,48.251474],[-97.138033,48.246236],[-97.138618,48.242429],[-97.135763,48.237596],[-97.141254,48.234668],[-97.139311,48.230187],[-97.136304,48.228984],[-97.138154,48.223104],[-97.135617,48.220904],[-97.135177,48.217243],[-97.137407,48.215245],[-97.134372,48.210434],[-97.134738,48.207506],[-97.138765,48.20465],[-97.138007,48.197587],[-97.146233,48.186054],[-97.141474,48.179099],[-97.146745,48.168556],[-97.144242,48.16249],[-97.138911,48.157793],[-97.142133,48.144981],[-97.131956,48.139563],[-97.132176,48.135829],[-97.129453,48.133133],[-97.128279,48.127185],[-97.120702,48.114987],[-97.123205,48.106648],[-97.11147,48.105913],[-97.108428,48.099824],[-97.10395,48.096184],[-97.105616,48.091362],[-97.099798,48.085884],[-97.099431,48.082106],[-97.104697,48.073094],[-97.097772,48.07108],[-97.086986,48.058222],[-97.075641,48.052725],[-97.072257,48.048068],[-97.068711,48.027694],[-97.072239,48.019107],[-97.069284,48.016176],[-97.063289,48.014989],[-97.066762,48.009558],[-97.064289,47.998508],[-97.053089,47.990252],[-97.059153,47.97538],[-97.057153,47.97048],[-97.061854,47.96448],[-97.052454,47.957179],[-97.055554,47.949079],[-97.054554,47.946279],[-97.044954,47.941079],[-97.036054,47.939379],[-97.037354,47.933279],[-97.035754,47.930179],[-97.017754,47.919778],[-97.018054,47.918078],[-97.023754,47.915878],[-97.017254,47.913078],[-97.015054,47.907178],[-97.017254,47.905678],[-97.024955,47.908178],[-97.020155,47.900478],[-97.023955,47.898078],[-97.024955,47.894978],[-97.018955,47.891078],[-97.024955,47.886878],[-97.025355,47.884278],[-97.017955,47.878478],[-97.023156,47.874978],[-97.021256,47.872578],[-97.002456,47.868677],[-97.001556,47.867377],[-97.005857,47.865277],[-96.998144,47.858882],[-96.996364,47.844398],[-96.998295,47.841724],[-96.992963,47.837911],[-96.986685,47.837639],[-96.981725,47.830421],[-96.982272,47.826668],[-96.979327,47.824533],[-96.980391,47.815662],[-96.977946,47.811619],[-96.980947,47.808337],[-96.980579,47.805614],[-96.975131,47.798326],[-96.966068,47.797297],[-96.95786,47.792021],[-96.957283,47.790147],[-96.963521,47.78729],[-96.965316,47.783474],[-96.956501,47.779798],[-96.956635,47.776188],[-96.949585,47.775228],[-96.939179,47.768397],[-96.936909,47.764536],[-96.937859,47.760195],[-96.932684,47.756804],[-96.934463,47.752956],[-96.929051,47.750331],[-96.928505,47.748037],[-96.932809,47.737139],[-96.919131,47.724731],[-96.923544,47.718201],[-96.920391,47.716527],[-96.920119,47.710383],[-96.9155,47.707968],[-96.915242,47.703527],[-96.907604,47.695119],[-96.909909,47.689522],[-96.907236,47.688493],[-96.902971,47.691576],[-96.900264,47.690775],[-96.896724,47.674758],[-96.891922,47.673157],[-96.885573,47.663443],[-96.887607,47.658853],[-96.88697,47.653049],[-96.882882,47.650168],[-96.882857,47.641714],[-96.888573,47.63845],[-96.882393,47.633489],[-96.879496,47.620576],[-96.870871,47.618042],[-96.874078,47.614774],[-96.860255,47.612175],[-96.855421,47.60875],[-96.856903,47.602329],[-96.852826,47.597891],[-96.854743,47.594728],[-96.851293,47.589264],[-96.853273,47.579483],[-96.856373,47.575749],[-96.853689,47.570381],[-96.858769,47.56741],[-96.857236,47.564055],[-96.859153,47.559741],[-96.853755,47.552497],[-96.856429,47.546957],[-96.854423,47.545333],[-96.856716,47.540271],[-96.85471,47.535973],[-96.866363,47.525944],[-96.863245,47.517266],[-96.854204,47.514368],[-96.851749,47.510088],[-96.853317,47.501322],[-96.851653,47.497098],[-96.85853,47.490889],[-96.855856,47.48831],[-96.85853,47.482484],[-96.85471,47.478281],[-96.859868,47.470926],[-96.856811,47.46319],[-96.859963,47.457363],[-96.858148,47.454498],[-96.859537,47.445662],[-96.85748,47.441603],[-96.861014,47.428995],[-96.858721,47.426129],[-96.864261,47.419539],[-96.861231,47.41781],[-96.86207,47.415159],[-96.858094,47.410317],[-96.853325,47.408889],[-96.852739,47.405909],[-96.84511,47.400483],[-96.845492,47.394179],[-96.840717,47.391314],[-96.841099,47.38415],[-96.845588,47.381571],[-96.846925,47.376891],[-96.853754,47.373405],[-96.848907,47.370565],[-96.852226,47.367291],[-96.848119,47.358026],[-96.843439,47.354397],[-96.845158,47.34943],[-96.844012,47.346182],[-96.835845,47.335914],[-96.83852,47.33238],[-96.835177,47.32856],[-96.835845,47.321014],[-96.841194,47.317575],[-96.842531,47.312418],[-96.835735,47.310843],[-96.832884,47.30449],[-96.843922,47.29302],[-96.844088,47.289981],[-96.84022,47.276981],[-96.8432,47.270486],[-96.838997,47.267716],[-96.842627,47.263991],[-96.840717,47.261221],[-96.840525,47.253866],[-96.834699,47.248135],[-96.838233,47.242882],[-96.832693,47.236196],[-96.837564,47.231802],[-96.835654,47.227217],[-96.838806,47.22502],[-96.838329,47.222059],[-96.835941,47.221009],[-96.836514,47.216137],[-96.833553,47.212794],[-96.835463,47.208401],[-96.83212,47.204866],[-96.83766,47.201141],[-96.838806,47.197894],[-96.83126,47.191781],[-96.831451,47.185572],[-96.826676,47.181561],[-96.829637,47.17497],[-96.825147,47.172295],[-96.824479,47.167042],[-96.822091,47.165036],[-96.824861,47.159783],[-96.822706,47.156229],[-96.83126,47.1509],[-96.830114,47.146793],[-96.832407,47.143736],[-96.827631,47.136572],[-96.828777,47.13151],[-96.824476,47.127188],[-96.827344,47.120144],[-96.821189,47.115723],[-96.822694,47.109622],[-96.817984,47.106007],[-96.81999,47.100849],[-96.818366,47.093304],[-96.820563,47.08977],[-96.819034,47.087573],[-96.82065,47.083619],[-96.819479,47.078181],[-96.823715,47.071717],[-96.823491,47.065911],[-96.821327,47.06293],[-96.824479,47.059682],[-96.819321,47.0529],[-96.820849,47.041438],[-96.818557,47.035516],[-96.821613,47.031505],[-96.817984,47.026538],[-96.829499,47.021537],[-96.833038,47.016029],[-96.834221,47.006671],[-96.82318,46.999965],[-96.824598,46.993309],[-96.819894,46.977357],[-96.821852,46.969372],[-96.809814,46.9639],[-96.802749,46.965933],[-96.79931,46.964118],[-96.799358,46.947355],[-96.791558,46.944464],[-96.790058,46.937664],[-96.791048,46.929876],[-96.78312,46.925482],[-96.775157,46.930863],[-96.763257,46.935063],[-96.760292,46.93341],[-96.762011,46.929303],[-96.759528,46.925769],[-96.761343,46.922234],[-96.759241,46.918223],[-96.762871,46.916886],[-96.765657,46.905063],[-96.770458,46.906763],[-96.776558,46.895663],[-96.773558,46.884763],[-96.767358,46.883663],[-96.768458,46.879563],[-96.771258,46.877463],[-96.781358,46.879363],[-96.779302,46.872699],[-96.782881,46.862585],[-96.781067,46.859146],[-96.782022,46.853415],[-96.777915,46.850741],[-96.780207,46.845392],[-96.779347,46.842144],[-96.783359,46.840807],[-96.785365,46.834025],[-96.789377,46.833166],[-96.787657,46.827817],[-96.791559,46.827864],[-96.80016,46.819664],[-96.799336,46.815436],[-96.802013,46.812464],[-96.801446,46.810401],[-96.796488,46.808709],[-96.796992,46.791572],[-96.791478,46.785694],[-96.792433,46.778913],[-96.788803,46.777575],[-96.788612,46.771271],[-96.784314,46.767546],[-96.785556,46.764394],[-96.783646,46.762579],[-96.787466,46.756753],[-96.783646,46.753123],[-96.784601,46.743094],[-96.781216,46.740944],[-96.784279,46.732993],[-96.779252,46.727429],[-96.779899,46.722915],[-96.784751,46.720495],[-96.786184,46.71284],[-96.791204,46.703747],[-96.787801,46.700446],[-96.787801,46.691181],[-96.784339,46.685054],[-96.788159,46.681879],[-96.788947,46.678382],[-96.792958,46.677427],[-96.792576,46.672173],[-96.798357,46.665314],[-96.798823,46.658071],[-96.796767,46.653363],[-96.790663,46.649112],[-96.789405,46.641639],[-96.791096,46.633155],[-96.784815,46.629439],[-96.783932,46.621598],[-96.779061,46.620834],[-96.778488,46.616153],[-96.774094,46.613288],[-96.775622,46.609276],[-96.772088,46.606315],[-96.772446,46.600129],[-96.766596,46.597957],[-96.762584,46.593946],[-96.76182,46.588501],[-96.756662,46.585827],[-96.756949,46.583534],[-96.752746,46.58277],[-96.752746,46.577517],[-96.746442,46.574078],[-96.744436,46.56596],[-96.74883,46.558127],[-96.744532,46.551346],[-96.746347,46.546283],[-96.742812,46.543609],[-96.745009,46.541698],[-96.742335,46.538546],[-96.744341,46.533006],[-96.738475,46.525793],[-96.736147,46.513478],[-96.738562,46.509366],[-96.735888,46.50631],[-96.737702,46.50077],[-96.733612,46.497224],[-96.737989,46.487875],[-96.735505,46.484914],[-96.735123,46.478897],[-96.726914,46.476432],[-96.726718,46.474121],[-96.720891,46.471446],[-96.720414,46.468008],[-96.715557,46.463232],[-96.715593,46.453867],[-96.718551,46.451913],[-96.716438,46.444567],[-96.718074,46.438255],[-96.709095,46.435294],[-96.706994,46.430231],[-96.701645,46.428607],[-96.701358,46.420584],[-96.69792,46.42068],[-96.696583,46.415617],[-96.688941,46.413134],[-96.688082,46.40788],[-96.680687,46.407383],[-96.669132,46.390037],[-96.669794,46.384644],[-96.667189,46.375458],[-96.658436,46.373391],[-96.655206,46.365964],[-96.646532,46.36251],[-96.647296,46.358499],[-96.644335,46.351908],[-96.629211,46.352654],[-96.628522,46.349569],[-96.62079,46.347607],[-96.618147,46.344295],[-96.619991,46.340135],[-96.608075,46.332576],[-96.599761,46.330386],[-96.60104,46.319554],[-96.598233,46.312563],[-96.60136,46.30413],[-96.598679,46.29775],[-96.600302,46.294407],[-96.596077,46.290536],[-96.598774,46.281417],[-96.595014,46.275135],[-96.599729,46.262123],[-96.594571,46.258302],[-96.594189,46.251712],[-96.590082,46.248655],[-96.598119,46.243112],[-96.59755,46.227733],[-96.59567,46.21985],[-96.591652,46.218183],[-96.583582,46.201047],[-96.587694,46.195262],[-96.587599,46.178928],[-96.584495,46.177123],[-96.582823,46.170905],[-96.57862,46.168135],[-96.579453,46.147601],[-96.56926,46.133686],[-96.571439,46.12572],[-96.563043,46.119512],[-96.562811,46.11625],[-96.56692,46.11475],[-96.557952,46.102442],[-96.556345,46.08688],[-96.554507,46.083978],[-96.558088,46.072096],[-96.556907,46.06483],[-96.559271,46.058272],[-96.566295,46.051416],[-96.57794,46.026874],[-96.574264,46.016545],[-96.575869,46.007999],[-96.573605,46.002309],[-96.57035,45.963595],[-96.561334,45.945655],[-96.56328,45.935238],[-97.784575,45.935327],[-98.724375,45.938686]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"North Dakota\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a624e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duebbert, Harold F.","contributorId":18041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duebbert","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lokemoen, John T.","contributorId":15555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lokemoen","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sharp, David E.","contributorId":202245,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sharp","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36388,"text":"Division Of Migratory Bird Management, U.S. Fish And Wildlife Service, Retired, Littleton, CO 80127, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":311112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5221822,"text":"5221822 - 1983 - Blood indicators of seasonal metabolic patterns in captive adult gray wolves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-04T15:22:40.512984","indexId":"5221822","displayToPublicDate":"1983-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Blood indicators of seasonal metabolic patterns in captive adult gray wolves","docAbstract":"<p>Blood samples and physical data were collected weekly from a colony of gray wolves (<i>Canis lupus</i>) maintained under natural weather arid light conditions. Sampling over 33 continuous months indicated that hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and thyroxine exhibited consistent circannual patterns of variation in both males and females. Hemoglobin levels peaked at 15-16 g/dl in January in females and at 16-17 g/dl in February in males, and were lowest in August at 10.5-11.5 g/dl (P &lt; 0.00001). The cyclic patterns of hematocrit, red blood cells, and MCHC were similarly timed. Females also had a cyclic pattern of white blood cell counts and body weight; their weight peaked in early February and was lowest in August (P &lt; 0.001). Body temperature, urea nitrogen, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), serum glucose, and cortisol did not follow a consistent seasonal pattern.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3808606","usgsCitation":"Seal, U., and Mech, L., 1983, Blood indicators of seasonal metabolic patterns in captive adult gray wolves: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 47, no. 3, p. 704-715, https://doi.org/10.2307/3808606.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"704","endPage":"715","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198998,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db607773","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seal, U.S.","contributorId":40564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seal","given":"U.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5221873,"text":"5221873 - 1983 - Woodcock singing-ground counts and habitat changes in the northeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-04T15:45:08.596103","indexId":"5221873","displayToPublicDate":"1983-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Woodcock singing-ground counts and habitat changes in the northeastern United States","docAbstract":"<p>Aerial photography from the late 1960's and the late 1970's was used to study habitat changes along 78 American woodcock (<i>Scolopax minor</i>) singing-ground routes in 9 northeastern states. The most noticeable changes were declines in the amount of abandoned field, cropland, shrubland, and field/pasture. The amount of land in the urban/industrial type increased 33.4% from the late 1960's to the late 1970's. We examined relationships between the woodcock call-count index and habitat variables using multiple-regression techniques. The abundance of calling male woodcock was positively correlated with the amount of abandoned field and alder (<i>Alnus</i> sp.) and negatively correlated with the amount of urban/industrial type. However, only the change in the urban/industrial type was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) related to the change in the call-count index. Urban/industrial area increased, whereas the call-count index declined on average in our sample of routes by 1.4 birds/route (40.5%).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3808612","usgsCitation":"Dwyer, T., McAuley, D.G., and Derleth, E.L., 1983, Woodcock singing-ground counts and habitat changes in the northeastern United States: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 47, no. 3, p. 772-779, https://doi.org/10.2307/3808612.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"772","endPage":"779","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196738,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Vermont","otherGeospatial":"northeastern United States","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-71.799242,42.008065],[-71.829595,41.344544],[-72.983751,41.235364],[-73.643478,41.002171],[-73.785964,40.800862],[-72.245348,41.161217],[-72.273657,41.051533],[-72.116368,40.999796],[-71.869558,41.075046],[-73.23914,40.6251],[-74.206731,40.594569],[-74.209788,40.447407],[-73.995683,40.468707],[-73.971381,40.371709],[-74.090945,39.799978],[-74.850748,38.954538],[-74.933571,38.928519],[-74.905181,39.174945],[-75.165979,39.201842],[-75.542894,39.470447],[-75.481242,39.829112],[-75.736489,39.775759],[-75.693521,38.460128],[-75.053483,38.451274],[-75.237538,38.033461],[-75.860727,37.91831],[-75.938577,38.272329],[-76.254473,38.31512],[-76.320843,38.459862],[-76.190902,38.621092],[-76.308922,38.813346],[-76.205063,38.892726],[-76.333703,38.984607],[-76.168332,38.996546],[-76.27566,39.160304],[-75.997396,39.430314],[-76.063379,39.546638],[-76.497977,39.204697],[-76.438845,39.0529],[-76.559697,38.767443],[-76.329433,38.073986],[-77.040638,38.444618],[-77.256412,38.396755],[-76.953696,38.858512],[-77.002498,38.96541],[-77.458202,39.073723],[-77.519634,39.257232],[-77.755789,39.333899],[-77.830775,39.581178],[-78.143478,39.690412],[-78.468639,39.516789],[-78.774281,39.597328],[-79.452685,39.211719],[-79.476662,39.721078],[-80.519342,39.721403],[-80.519345,41.929168],[-78.868556,42.770258],[-79.061388,43.251349],[-78.370221,43.376505],[-76.952174,43.270692],[-76.235834,43.529256],[-76.133697,43.940356],[-76.360306,44.070907],[-76.312647,44.199044],[-74.946686,44.984665],[-71.502487,45.013367],[-71.443882,45.235462],[-71.301107,45.296563],[-70.898482,45.244088],[-70.259117,45.890755],[-70.290896,46.185838],[-70.057061,46.415036],[-69.997086,46.69523],[-69.22442,47.459686],[-69.066715,47.43024],[-69.0402,47.2451],[-68.893204,47.182974],[-68.292679,47.359476],[-67.790515,47.067921],[-67.803148,45.696127],[-67.476704,45.604157],[-67.489464,45.282653],[-67.390579,45.154114],[-67.145652,45.146667],[-66.986318,44.820657],[-68.049334,44.33073],[-68.22939,44.463496],[-68.191924,44.306675],[-68.339498,44.222893],[-68.3791,44.430049],[-68.529905,44.39907],[-68.528153,44.241263],[-68.982449,44.426195],[-69.031878,44.079036],[-69.259838,43.921427],[-69.851297,43.703581],[-70.026193,43.822587],[-70.176023,43.76079],[-70.810999,42.892375],[-70.772267,42.711064],[-70.595474,42.660336],[-70.996097,42.271222],[-70.754488,42.228673],[-70.471552,41.761563],[-70.008462,41.800786],[-70.169781,42.059736],[-70.082624,42.054657],[-69.935952,41.809422],[-69.976478,41.603664],[-70.329924,41.634578],[-70.902763,41.421061],[-70.658659,41.543385],[-70.623652,41.707398],[-71.12057,41.497448],[-71.381401,41.964799],[-71.799242,42.008065]]],[[[-70.59628,41.471905],[-70.450431,41.420703],[-70.496162,41.346452],[-70.802083,41.314207],[-70.59628,41.471905]]],[[[-70.092142,41.297741],[-69.960277,41.278731],[-70.256164,41.288123],[-70.092142,41.297741]]],[[[-74.144428,40.53516],[-74.219787,40.502603],[-74.120186,40.642201],[-74.144428,40.53516]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Connecticut\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df862","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dwyer, Thomas J.","contributorId":99605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"Thomas J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McAuley, Daniel G. dmcauley@usgs.gov","contributorId":5377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAuley","given":"Daniel","email":"dmcauley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":334885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Derleth, Eric L.","contributorId":220145,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Derleth","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":334886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70210767,"text":"70210767 - 1983 - Late Wisconsin mountain glaciation in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-24T13:50:15.064074","indexId":"70210767","displayToPublicDate":"1983-06-23T14:08:04","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Late Wisconsin mountain glaciation in the western United States","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Late-Quaternary environments of the United States","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Minnesota Press","isbn":"9780816611713","usgsCitation":"Porter, S., Pierce, K.L., and Hamilton, T.D., 1983, Late Wisconsin mountain glaciation in the western United States, chap. <i>of</i> Late-Quaternary environments of the United States, v. 1, p. 71-111.","productDescription":"41 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"111","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375828,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Porter, S.C.","contributorId":35066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":791335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierce, Kenneth L. kpierce@usgs.gov","contributorId":1609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Kenneth","email":"kpierce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hamilton, T. D.","contributorId":36921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":791337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5221860,"text":"5221860 - 1983 - Environmental contaminant hazards to Attwater's greater prairie-chickens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-31T16:24:22","indexId":"5221860","displayToPublicDate":"1983-06-16T12:19:34","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental contaminant hazards to Attwater's greater prairie-chickens","docAbstract":"<p>The Attwater's greater prairie-chicken (<i>Tympanuchus cupido attwateri</i>) was declared an endangered species in 1966 and exists only on the upper Gulf Coast prairie of southeast Texas. Since 1975, total numbers have declined from 2,240 to 1,456 in 1981 (Jurries 19679; W. Shifflett, Manager Attwater Prairie Chicken National Wildlife Refuge [APCNWR], personal communication).</p><p>The total population of this prairie grouse is presently scattered in a norther, largely agricultural, but also urban-rangeland area of 6 counties that contained about 600 individuals in 1971, and a southern, largely rangeland, but also agricultural-urban area of 4 counties that contained about 860 individuals in 1981. During the present study, Attwater's prairie-chickens completely disappeared in Wharton and Waller counties in the northern area (<span>W. Shifflett, personal communication).</span></p><p><span>Prairie-chickens in the northern area frequent crops of rice, soybeans, peanuts, or corn; those in the southern area frequent sorghum or cotton that are planted on or near ancestral booming grounds. The use of pesticides in the agricultural areas may have contributed to the initial decline of prairie-chicken numbers. In 1927, several hundred prairie-chickens were found dead in and near a cotton field in Wharton County shortly after it had been treated with arsenic (Lehmann and Mauermann 1963). The remains of 5 prairie-chickens were found in sorghum and soybean fields in Refugio and Colorado counties between 1975 and 1977 (R. Haeber and W. Kessler, personal communication) but were too decomposed to be analyzed for evidence of pesticide exposure. Parathion formulations had been applied to the soybeans and near the sorghum. Other pesticide use on the areas was uncertain. The objective of this study was to ascertain pesticide hazards to Attwater's greater prairie-chickens.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3808176","usgsCitation":"Flickinger, E.L., and Swineford, D.M., 1983, Environmental contaminant hazards to Attwater's greater prairie-chickens: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 47, no. 4, p. 1132-1137, https://doi.org/10.2307/3808176.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1132","endPage":"1137","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196711,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Colorado County, Refugio County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-96.175,29.6325],[-96.3069,29.5142],[-96.3479,29.4094],[-96.6379,29.247],[-96.6568,29.2646],[-96.5608,29.3349],[-96.7939,29.5764],[-96.8257,29.5762],[-96.8344,29.5768],[-96.8352,29.5806],[-96.8378,29.5834],[-96.8376,29.5862],[-96.8359,29.5903],[-96.8347,29.5948],[-96.8366,29.599],[-96.8401,29.605],[-96.8426,29.6074],[-96.8446,29.6107],[-96.8444,29.6143],[-96.8444,29.6157],[-96.8469,29.6194],[-96.852,29.6228],[-96.8571,29.6266],[-96.8648,29.631],[-96.8674,29.632],[-96.8734,29.6324],[-96.5691,29.9568],[-96.5509,29.9256],[-96.5469,29.9199],[-96.5435,29.9143],[-96.5067,29.8871],[-96.4647,29.8591],[-96.4601,29.8567],[-96.4559,29.8556],[-96.4475,29.8549],[-96.4439,29.8543],[-96.4408,29.8524],[-96.4347,29.8471],[-96.4297,29.8415],[-96.4267,29.8382],[-96.4241,29.8353],[-96.4227,29.8321],[-96.4212,29.8298],[-96.4182,29.8274],[-96.4125,29.8249],[-96.3915,29.8223],[-96.3847,29.8221],[-96.3784,29.8228],[-96.3731,29.8227],[-96.3695,29.8216],[-96.3643,29.8192],[-96.3596,29.819],[-96.3558,29.8207],[-96.3547,29.8234],[-96.3534,29.827],[-96.3518,29.8284],[-96.3491,29.8292],[-96.3455,29.8291],[-96.3444,29.8286],[-96.3435,29.8263],[-96.3415,29.823],[-96.3385,29.8201],[-96.334,29.8149],[-96.3331,29.8108],[-96.3345,29.803],[-96.3336,29.7998],[-96.328,29.7955],[-96.3209,29.7893],[-96.3191,29.7833],[-96.3167,29.7653],[-96.3139,29.7579],[-96.3114,29.7555],[-96.3036,29.7525],[-96.3006,29.7496],[-96.3002,29.7469],[-96.2989,29.7413],[-96.2964,29.7367],[-96.296,29.7353],[-96.2945,29.732],[-96.2936,29.7292],[-96.288,29.7263],[-96.2807,29.7237],[-96.2762,29.7195],[-96.2732,29.7152],[-96.2719,29.7097],[-96.2732,29.7047],[-96.2759,29.7029],[-96.2791,29.7003],[-96.2772,29.698],[-96.2713,29.6872],[-96.2673,29.6825],[-96.2653,29.6801],[-96.2634,29.6769],[-96.2635,29.6732],[-96.2632,29.6695],[-96.2596,29.668],[-96.2549,29.6665],[-96.2503,29.6636],[-96.2483,29.6621],[-96.2441,29.6611],[-96.2395,29.66],[-96.2326,29.6607],[-96.2283,29.6619],[-96.2189,29.6607],[-96.2096,29.6571],[-96.1998,29.6536],[-96.1927,29.6483],[-96.182,29.6406],[-96.1791,29.6359],[-96.175,29.6325]]],[[[-97.0993,28.5454],[-97.0979,28.5416],[-97.0965,28.5384],[-97.094,28.5351],[-97.0899,28.5336],[-97.0842,28.533],[-97.0816,28.5329],[-97.08,28.5347],[-97.08,28.5366],[-97.0819,28.5389],[-97.0835,28.5403],[-97.0839,28.5422],[-97.0823,28.5431],[-97.0798,28.5425],[-97.0793,28.5411],[-97.0778,28.5392],[-97.0742,28.5387],[-97.0725,28.541],[-97.073,28.5428],[-97.0719,28.5441],[-97.0704,28.5432],[-97.0694,28.5422],[-97.0668,28.5413],[-97.0632,28.5402],[-97.0611,28.5411],[-97.0626,28.543],[-97.062,28.5457],[-97.0578,28.5479],[-97.0546,28.5492],[-97.051,28.5482],[-97.0501,28.5463],[-97.0492,28.5426],[-97.0508,28.5403],[-97.0524,28.5381],[-97.054,28.5363],[-97.0531,28.534],[-97.0485,28.5334],[-97.0433,28.5337],[-97.0401,28.535],[-97.037,28.5363],[-97.0349,28.5362],[-97.0312,28.5371],[-97.0282,28.5347],[-97.0294,28.531],[-97.0275,28.5255],[-97.0251,28.5194],[-97.0232,28.5157],[-97.0227,28.5143],[-97.0202,28.5128],[-97.0191,28.5142],[-97.0165,28.515],[-97.0134,28.515],[-97.0119,28.5131],[-97.0093,28.5116],[-97.0062,28.5115],[-97.0041,28.5124],[-97.0031,28.5124],[-96.9978,28.515],[-96.9901,28.5138],[-96.9856,28.51],[-96.9825,28.5077],[-96.9779,28.5075],[-96.9691,28.5068],[-96.9598,28.5061],[-96.9511,28.5026],[-96.9445,28.5001],[-96.9368,28.4976],[-96.9312,28.4947],[-96.9283,28.4905],[-96.9232,28.488],[-96.9206,28.4866],[-96.9165,28.4865],[-96.9118,28.4882],[-96.9085,28.4913],[-96.9105,28.495],[-96.915,28.4984],[-96.915,28.4997],[-96.9107,28.5028],[-96.9054,28.5064],[-96.9013,28.5067],[-96.894,28.506],[-96.8868,28.5054],[-96.8833,28.503],[-96.8834,28.4998],[-96.8804,28.496],[-96.8743,28.4935],[-96.8687,28.4906],[-96.8642,28.4854],[-96.8634,28.4799],[-96.8609,28.4766],[-96.8573,28.476],[-96.8527,28.4763],[-96.8501,28.4763],[-96.8481,28.4748],[-96.8466,28.4716],[-96.8437,28.4673],[-96.8417,28.4641],[-96.8403,28.4603],[-96.8359,28.4547],[-96.8294,28.4481],[-96.8238,28.4447],[-96.8213,28.4419],[-96.818,28.4349],[-96.815,28.4311],[-96.8093,28.4318],[-96.8034,28.4367],[-96.7991,28.4407],[-96.7953,28.4447],[-96.7901,28.4469],[-96.7844,28.4453],[-96.7813,28.4421],[-96.781,28.4415],[-96.7782,28.4368],[-96.7758,28.4339],[-96.7754,28.4337],[-96.7703,28.4284],[-96.769,28.428],[-96.7677,28.428],[-96.766,28.4277],[-96.7643,28.4263],[-96.7642,28.4256],[-96.7645,28.425],[-96.7662,28.4209],[-96.7662,28.4202],[-96.766,28.4197],[-96.7653,28.4119],[-96.7653,28.4117],[-96.7667,28.4108],[-96.7681,28.4103],[-96.7683,28.41],[-96.7692,28.41],[-96.7694,28.4103],[-96.7672,28.4117],[-96.7669,28.4119],[-96.7661,28.4128],[-96.7711,28.415],[-96.7714,28.4153],[-96.7731,28.4153],[-96.7733,28.415],[-96.7747,28.4153],[-96.775,28.4156],[-96.7764,28.415],[-96.7756,28.4139],[-96.7753,28.4139],[-96.7744,28.4136],[-96.7742,28.4133],[-96.7731,28.4133],[-96.7725,28.4128],[-96.7725,28.4122],[-96.7731,28.4114],[-96.7739,28.4114],[-96.7742,28.4117],[-96.7756,28.4117],[-96.7758,28.4114],[-96.7772,28.4114],[-96.7775,28.4111],[-96.7786,28.4103],[-96.7786,28.4089],[-96.7781,28.4083],[-96.7772,28.4083],[-96.7767,28.4089],[-96.7761,28.4089],[-96.7758,28.4092],[-96.7739,28.4092],[-96.7736,28.4094],[-96.7728,28.4094],[-96.7725,28.4097],[-96.7719,28.4097],[-96.7717,28.41],[-96.7708,28.41],[-96.7708,28.4097],[-96.7725,28.4082],[-96.7729,28.4077],[-96.7738,28.4069],[-96.7805,28.4004],[-96.781,28.4003],[-96.8152,28.4231],[-96.8167,28.4242],[-96.8167,28.425],[-96.8172,28.4256],[-96.8181,28.4256],[-96.8186,28.4261],[-96.8189,28.4261],[-96.82,28.4264],[-96.8206,28.4269],[-96.8217,28.4269],[-96.8219,28.4272],[-96.8244,28.4284],[-96.8261,28.429],[-96.8298,28.4285],[-96.8386,28.4322],[-96.8431,28.4308],[-96.8442,28.4303],[-96.845,28.4303],[-96.8454,28.4299],[-96.8506,28.4246],[-96.8506,28.4237],[-96.8522,28.4233],[-96.8525,28.4231],[-96.8536,28.4231],[-96.8539,28.4228],[-96.8591,28.4137],[-96.8574,28.4106],[-96.8573,28.4085],[-96.8481,28.4014],[-96.8469,28.4006],[-96.8428,28.3964],[-96.8408,28.3936],[-96.8408,28.3933],[-96.8378,28.39],[-96.8375,28.3897],[-96.8367,28.3886],[-96.8311,28.3831],[-96.8278,28.38],[-96.8272,28.38],[-96.8267,28.3794],[-96.8264,28.3794],[-96.8258,28.3789],[-96.8247,28.3786],[-96.8244,28.3789],[-96.8228,28.3772],[-96.8206,28.3756],[-96.8203,28.3756],[-96.815,28.3722],[-96.8147,28.3722],[-96.8139,28.3719],[-96.7965,28.3649],[-96.7944,28.3638],[-96.7928,28.3542],[-96.7931,28.3533],[-96.7939,28.3522],[-96.7939,28.3517],[-96.7942,28.3514],[-96.7942,28.3508],[-96.7939,28.3506],[-96.7942,28.3494],[-96.7944,28.3483],[-96.7933,28.3472],[-96.7928,28.3472],[-96.7931,28.3453],[-96.7933,28.345],[-96.7939,28.345],[-96.7944,28.3444],[-96.7944,28.3439],[-96.7948,28.3436],[-96.7947,28.3428],[-96.7923,28.3334],[-96.7916,28.3265],[-96.7926,28.3204],[-96.8313,28.3148],[-96.8521,28.3117],[-97.0443,28.2841],[-97.1288,28.2744],[-97.1266,28.262],[-97.1257,28.2583],[-97.1268,28.2569],[-97.1278,28.2565],[-97.1289,28.2551],[-97.129,28.2514],[-97.1165,28.2405],[-97.109,28.2334],[-97.105,28.231],[-97.105,28.2296],[-97.1056,28.2273],[-97.1037,28.2241],[-97.0959,28.2234],[-97.0898,28.2209],[-97.0816,28.2189],[-97.0761,28.215],[-97.0711,28.2112],[-97.0686,28.2079],[-97.0641,28.2046],[-97.0605,28.2031],[-97.0553,28.2043],[-97.0506,28.2056],[-97.048,28.2055],[-97.0419,28.2044],[-97.0393,28.2034],[-97.031,28.2046],[-97.0292,28.2048],[-97.0297,28.2045],[-97.0308,28.2041],[-97.0371,28.2002],[-97.0366,28.1998],[-97.0341,28.1991],[-97.0297,28.2008],[-97.025,28.2015],[-97.0206,28.2022],[-97.0203,28.2025],[-97.0192,28.2025],[-97.0186,28.2019],[-97.0186,28.2014],[-97.0192,28.2008],[-97.0203,28.2008],[-97.0206,28.2006],[-97.0255,28.1942],[-97.0347,28.188],[-97.0505,28.183],[-97.0567,28.1811],[-97.0662,28.1779],[-97.0667,28.1777],[-97.0783,28.173],[-97.086,28.1694],[-97.0866,28.1692],[-97.0905,28.168],[-97.0942,28.1656],[-97.0954,28.1652],[-97.0966,28.1648],[-97.14,28.1428],[-97.1403,28.1425],[-97.1414,28.1422],[-97.1417,28.1419],[-97.1431,28.1417],[-97.1433,28.1414],[-97.1442,28.1414],[-97.1444,28.1411],[-97.145,28.1411],[-97.1453,28.1408],[-97.1464,28.1411],[-97.1467,28.1414],[-97.1464,28.1431],[-97.1444,28.1444],[-97.1433,28.1442],[-97.1431,28.1439],[-97.1422,28.1433],[-97.1419,28.1436],[-97.1408,28.1439],[-97.1406,28.1442],[-97.14,28.1442],[-97.1398,28.1444],[-97.1368,28.1501],[-97.137,28.1506],[-97.138,28.1534],[-97.1377,28.1546],[-97.1378,28.1552],[-97.138,28.1572],[-97.1414,28.1676],[-97.1417,28.1681],[-97.1492,28.1733],[-97.1511,28.1734],[-97.1551,28.1725],[-97.1578,28.1717],[-97.1584,28.1715],[-97.1596,28.1711],[-97.1711,28.1653],[-97.1719,28.1652],[-97.1724,28.1648],[-97.1727,28.1643],[-97.1726,28.1637],[-97.1728,28.1632],[-97.1733,28.1628],[-97.174,28.1629],[-97.1762,28.1636],[-97.1766,28.1633],[-97.179,28.1625],[-97.1798,28.1625],[-97.1817,28.1619],[-97.1819,28.1617],[-97.1831,28.1608],[-97.1831,28.1606],[-97.1825,28.1586],[-97.1831,28.1581],[-97.1844,28.1498],[-97.1845,28.1487],[-97.183,28.1461],[-97.1699,28.1344],[-97.1693,28.1344],[-97.1682,28.1342],[-97.166,28.1338],[-97.1656,28.1342],[-97.1641,28.1347],[-97.1586,28.1364],[-97.1572,28.1378],[-97.1569,28.1378],[-97.1561,28.1392],[-97.1558,28.1394],[-97.155,28.1397],[-97.1547,28.14],[-97.1533,28.14],[-97.1531,28.1397],[-97.1525,28.1397],[-97.1522,28.1394],[-97.1519,28.1383],[-97.1531,28.1372],[-97.1533,28.1372],[-97.1553,28.1356],[-97.1561,28.1347],[-97.1561,28.1342],[-97.1569,28.1333],[-97.1572,28.1333],[-97.1585,28.1328],[-97.1636,28.1272],[-97.1642,28.1267],[-97.1664,28.1269],[-97.1664,28.1278],[-97.1667,28.1281],[-97.1678,28.1292],[-97.1678,28.1297],[-97.1686,28.1306],[-97.1689,28.1303],[-97.17,28.1294],[-97.17,28.1292],[-97.1706,28.1286],[-97.1706,28.1283],[-97.1728,28.1261],[-97.1731,28.1261],[-97.1744,28.1244],[-97.1747,28.1242],[-97.1758,28.1233],[-97.1758,28.1231],[-97.175,28.1222],[-97.175,28.1219],[-97.1733,28.1231],[-97.1728,28.1231],[-97.1722,28.1236],[-97.1717,28.1236],[-97.1714,28.1239],[-97.1706,28.1231],[-97.1706,28.1228],[-97.1711,28.1222],[-97.1723,28.1215],[-97.1724,28.1212],[-97.1858,28.1131],[-97.1863,28.1127],[-97.1938,28.107],[-97.1967,28.1052],[-97.1979,28.1046],[-97.1998,28.1028],[-97.2175,28.0852],[-97.2181,28.0839],[-97.2201,28.0799],[-97.2205,28.0785],[-97.2241,28.0767],[-97.2247,28.0767],[-97.2264,28.0769],[-97.2339,28.0789],[-97.2342,28.0792],[-97.2347,28.0792],[-97.2358,28.0794],[-97.2361,28.0792],[-97.2392,28.0783],[-97.2394,28.0786],[-97.2408,28.0786],[-97.2411,28.0783],[-97.2417,28.0775],[-97.2397,28.0761],[-97.2394,28.0758],[-97.2389,28.0758],[-97.2378,28.0756],[-97.2375,28.0753],[-97.2356,28.075],[-97.2353,28.0747],[-97.2341,28.0711],[-97.2418,28.0718],[-97.2577,28.075],[-97.2601,28.0773],[-97.2601,28.0792],[-97.26,28.081],[-97.2599,28.0851],[-97.2639,28.088],[-97.2675,28.0904],[-97.2731,28.091],[-97.2772,28.0916],[-97.2808,28.093],[-97.2833,28.0954],[-97.2851,28.1028],[-97.286,28.1074],[-97.2869,28.1116],[-97.2873,28.1139],[-97.2893,28.1163],[-97.2944,28.1173],[-97.2971,28.1155],[-97.2982,28.1133],[-97.2988,28.1105],[-97.2978,28.1077],[-97.2979,28.1063],[-97.2974,28.1045],[-97.3011,28.1037],[-97.3056,28.1056],[-97.3097,28.108],[-97.3137,28.1104],[-97.3142,28.1114],[-97.3152,28.1137],[-97.3141,28.1146],[-97.3131,28.115],[-97.3115,28.115],[-97.3089,28.1163],[-97.3083,28.1181],[-97.3082,28.1209],[-97.3107,28.1251],[-97.3112,28.1256],[-97.3114,28.1334],[-97.3134,28.1371],[-97.3191,28.1373],[-97.3227,28.136],[-97.3249,28.1337],[-97.3229,28.1318],[-97.3197,28.1327],[-97.3172,28.1322],[-97.3152,28.1293],[-97.3158,28.1266],[-97.3174,28.1234],[-97.3217,28.1198],[-97.3248,28.119],[-97.3263,28.1195],[-97.3263,28.1209],[-97.3236,28.124],[-97.3297,28.1283],[-97.3369,28.1294],[-97.34,28.1277],[-97.3406,28.1235],[-97.3397,28.1198],[-97.3413,28.118],[-97.347,28.1177],[-97.3596,28.1268],[-97.3702,28.1335],[-97.3733,28.1349],[-97.3779,28.1355],[-97.3801,28.1328],[-97.3802,28.1287],[-97.3792,28.1268],[-97.3798,28.125],[-97.386,28.1251],[-97.3916,28.1271],[-97.4008,28.1278],[-97.4039,28.1274],[-97.4066,28.1247],[-97.4062,28.1219],[-97.4016,28.1204],[-97.3996,28.119],[-97.4007,28.1163],[-97.4008,28.1117],[-97.4004,28.1089],[-97.4015,28.1066],[-97.4056,28.1058],[-97.4044,28.1113],[-97.4043,28.1159],[-97.4068,28.1178],[-97.4109,28.1184],[-97.4166,28.118],[-97.4197,28.1167],[-97.4213,28.1149],[-97.4239,28.1145],[-97.427,28.1155],[-97.4268,28.122],[-97.4272,28.1257],[-97.4313,28.1276],[-97.4323,28.129],[-97.4275,28.1335],[-97.4233,28.1357],[-97.4222,28.1389],[-97.4289,28.1381],[-97.4341,28.1359],[-97.4398,28.1361],[-97.4419,28.1343],[-97.4409,28.1315],[-97.4415,28.1292],[-97.4446,28.1284],[-97.4471,28.1317],[-97.446,28.1358],[-97.4427,28.1398],[-97.4421,28.143],[-97.441,28.1453],[-97.4399,28.148],[-97.4435,28.15],[-97.4456,28.1491],[-97.4472,28.1468],[-97.4519,28.146],[-97.4543,28.1493],[-97.4557,28.1539],[-97.4572,28.1558],[-97.4619,28.1564],[-97.466,28.1546],[-97.4697,28.1543],[-97.4727,28.1557],[-97.4752,28.1595],[-97.4751,28.1627],[-97.4733,28.1696],[-97.4706,28.1736],[-97.468,28.1759],[-97.4684,28.1782],[-97.4705,28.1791],[-97.4731,28.1783],[-97.4757,28.1765],[-97.4773,28.1729],[-97.479,28.1697],[-97.4842,28.167],[-97.491,28.1654],[-97.4973,28.1618],[-97.5026,28.1569],[-97.5073,28.1529],[-97.511,28.1516],[-97.5156,28.1512],[-97.5192,28.1522],[-97.5232,28.1565],[-97.5268,28.1584],[-97.5355,28.1613],[-97.3742,28.3879],[-97.3631,28.3973],[-97.3477,28.4088],[-97.1516,28.5468],[-97.1449,28.548],[-97.1417,28.5488],[-97.1396,28.5497],[-97.1376,28.5491],[-97.1356,28.5463],[-97.1351,28.5449],[-97.1341,28.544],[-97.1315,28.543],[-97.1269,28.5438],[-97.1221,28.545],[-97.1179,28.5486],[-97.1137,28.5508],[-97.111,28.5516],[-97.1059,28.5515],[-97.1018,28.5486],[-97.0993,28.5454]]],[[[-97.0194,28.2033],[-97.0214,28.2033],[-97.0217,28.2037],[-97.022,28.2041],[-97.0222,28.2045],[-97.0197,28.2038],[-97.0192,28.2034],[-97.0194,28.2033]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Colorado\",\"state\":\"TX\"}}]}","volume":"47","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602475","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flickinger, Edward L.","contributorId":48907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flickinger","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swineford, Douglas M.","contributorId":176501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swineford","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5221877,"text":"5221877 - 1983 - Organochlorine residues and shell characteristics of roseate tern eggs, 1981","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-02T17:35:01.928669","indexId":"5221877","displayToPublicDate":"1983-06-16T12:19:34","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organochlorine residues and shell characteristics of roseate tern eggs, 1981","docAbstract":"<p>Roseate Terns (<i>Sterna dougallii</i>) breed in two areas in the Western Hemisphere: in northeastern North America between Long Island, New York, and Nova Scotia, and around the Caribbean Sea from the Florida Keys and the Bahamas to the Netherlands Lesser Antilles (Bent 1921, Bond 1956, Nisbet 1980). Both populations are small, and concern recently has been expressed about their status (Nisbet 1980, Buckley and Buckley 1981). The northeastern population has decreased from a peak of about 8500 pairs in the 1940s to between 2500 and 3000 pairs in 1978-1982, and has become largely concentrated into 4 colonies (Nisbet 1980). The Caribbean population has been affected by egg collecting and other forms of human disturbance in its main stronghold in the U.S. Virgin Islands (U.S. Virgin Islands Bureau of Fish and Wildlife 1976-1979, Norton 1980, 1981). One factor which may have affected the northeastern population is chemical pollution. Hays and Risebrough (1972) reported high levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and l,l-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chloro phenyl) ethylene (DDE) in 3 Roseate Tern chicks found with congenital abnormalities at Great Gull Island, New York, in 1970. High levels of PCBs were also found in chicks found dead at Bird Island, Massachusetts, in 1970 (Nisbet 1981). A close relative, the Common Tern (<i>S. hirundo</i>), is relatively sensitive to the effects of DDE; elevated residues of DDE in eggs are associated with eggshell-thinning (Switzer et al. 1973), reduction in the porosity of eggshells, and embryonic mortality (Fox 1976). The present paper reports the results of a survey of organochlorine residues in Roseate Terns in 1981. The main objectives of the survey were to determine the levels of organochlorine contamination in eggs of the Roseate Tern in its major colonies and to investigate whether changes in eggshell characteristics similar to those reported by Fox (1976) may have occurred in this species. A secondary objective was to determine geographic patterns of organochlorine contamination within the northeastern U.S. population of Roseate Terns and to compare them with patterns observed in Common Terns</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Field Ornithologists","usgsCitation":"Custer, T., Nisbet, I., and Krynitsky, A.J., 1983, Organochlorine residues and shell characteristics of roseate tern eggs, 1981: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 54, no. 4, p. 394-400.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"394","endPage":"400","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197267,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":374315,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://afonet.org/publications/journal/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York","otherGeospatial":"Virgin Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -65.55948837723555,\n              18.05389793236533\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.23004581990465,\n              18.122319782702235\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.26880376782583,\n              18.167042698763765\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.44321453347114,\n              18.190714901815454\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.62039372396836,\n              18.130212893109032\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.55948837723555,\n              18.05389793236533\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -65.38507761158937,\n              18.358957682931063\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.35462493822295,\n              18.277485459645334\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.24388794416234,\n              18.25908320272582\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.19128787198345,\n              18.330052575389104\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.27710904238059,\n              18.37997654065262\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.38507761158937,\n              18.358957682931063\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -64.90890853712762,\n              17.663914816489424\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.72342407207648,\n              17.68237917775636\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.5351711821726,\n              17.74830782898708\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.61545550286687,\n              17.822119098590633\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.83969791584003,\n              17.79839737480515\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.94489806019777,\n              17.785217276557418\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.90890853712762,\n              17.663914816489424\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -65.09716142703148,\n              18.319540428846494\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.86184531465251,\n              18.274856685264368\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.60715022831204,\n              18.288000158769876\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.29431822009072,\n              18.50603580301305\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.36906569108116,\n              18.56640635884152\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.60161337860916,\n              18.508661053102983\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.83969791584003,\n              18.47190388977286\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.03348765544683,\n              18.429886056250766\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.09716142703148,\n              18.319540428846494\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -64.41336048870616,\n              18.702817488673688\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.33030774315999,\n              18.705439705181632\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.25832869702056,\n              18.666102193832913\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.25832869702056,\n              18.72903782468444\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.3247708934571,\n              18.770981899531392\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.44935001177542,\n              18.755254093027347\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.41336048870616,\n              18.702817488673688\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.50007486710224,\n              41.145576462119976\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.53278523450545,\n              41.24460735114039\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.88160676579699,\n              41.29870611571559\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.82623826876622,\n              41.34029004103624\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.82070141906334,\n              41.41507423507079\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.78194347114214,\n              41.41507423507079\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.79301717054796,\n              42.01024944962194\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.38329029252276,\n              42.02670339453309\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.38329029252276,\n              41.89907398220305\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.34453234460156,\n              41.8867091826049\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.35560604400737,\n              41.800088571878746\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.18950055291684,\n              41.684412049286834\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.11752150677735,\n              41.66786982212295\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.14520575529188,\n              41.622356776174854\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.12305835648026,\n              41.50636034330276\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.97356341449755,\n              41.42337828171705\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.82406847251573,\n              41.22378819781929\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.68011038023678,\n              41.32365965483274\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.4254152938972,\n              41.33197537861503\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.2537729531029,\n              41.24044405092505\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.92156197092005,\n              41.202962414263624\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.91602512121719,\n              41.911436388120194\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.04890951409031,\n              42.08014931116904\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.26484665250871,\n              42.125337648720034\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.298067750727,\n              42.047264838603525\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.12642540993266,\n              42.014363334971534\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.065520063199,\n              41.89495264829617\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.03783581468362,\n              41.81247012406277\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.28699405132119,\n              41.75879945082062\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.43648899330304,\n              41.779447334368086\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.49739434003624,\n              41.82484928336595\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.49185749033241,\n              41.87021905983491\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.5029311897391,\n              41.93615401846799\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.5970576346902,\n              41.97321250859943\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.65242613172093,\n              41.9937912475182\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.60813133409688,\n              42.092476597149584\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.69118407964213,\n              42.17049377795939\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.68011038023634,\n              42.22381858081749\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.86282642043645,\n              42.33033317708396\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.94587916598257,\n              42.301673881332135\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.97356341449711,\n              42.342611736935766\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.81299477310947,\n              42.5305827215426\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.65796298142386,\n              42.559137567281255\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.558299686769,\n              42.62843066941588\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.61366818379976,\n              42.7261250477591\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.69672092934503,\n              42.69764672013366\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.7520894263758,\n              42.71392165027271\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.79084737429696,\n              42.82772667840203\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.79084737429696,\n              42.90483241389285\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.04554246063655,\n              42.86426245330574\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.07322670915194,\n              42.819604682862916\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.1562794546981,\n              42.83178727603078\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.20611110202508,\n              42.79116929582216\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.20611110202508,\n              42.75052464207758\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.26147959905583,\n              42.75459030767735\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.31131124638281,\n              42.69764672013366\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.25474549215016,\n              42.75459030767735\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.28242974066552,\n              42.81554328495832\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.23864567385748,\n              43.535193114193504\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.27740362177863,\n              43.59136218856645\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.31062471999695,\n              43.631450891454534\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.37153006672972,\n              43.635458292035366\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.42136171405757,\n              43.58334124144818\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.42136171405757,\n              43.63946542538943\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.34938266791812,\n              43.77954672643432\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.39921431524509,\n              43.819509818698975\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.36599321702681,\n              43.859446180657244\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.39921431524509,\n              43.91531217761667\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.40475116494801,\n              44.018924296003206\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.43243541346338,\n              44.05474791916032\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.3936774655422,\n              44.197825821696625\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.31062471999695,\n              44.269234807479876\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.33830896851143,\n              44.37618581284923\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.29955102059024,\n              44.46713843219811\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.38814061583929,\n              44.61709795989202\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.35491951762103,\n              44.69980461230762\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.36599321702681,\n              44.74308006204214\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.33277211880852,\n              44.80989663277637\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.37706691643349,\n              44.84916438221933\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.35491951762103,\n              44.92761962299679\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.34938266791812,\n              45.01379678934336\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.73359509367856,\n              45.00205298217699\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.81664783922427,\n              45.017710856672466\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.97167963090943,\n              44.986390827198164\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.13224827229752,\n              44.908015845116296\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.30942746279516,\n              44.84131297253589\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.41462760715291,\n              44.77846317146182\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.80220708636563,\n              44.494791578763454\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.84096503428682,\n              44.43551878710247\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.00153367567533,\n              44.352435772592486\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.09566012062683,\n              44.31283097530621\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.17871286617255,\n              44.28905525912302\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.17871286617255,\n              44.245441439894165\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.21747081409373,\n              44.22560627903488\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.31159725904568,\n              44.205764432364475\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.35589205666975,\n              44.134278427820476\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.46109220102748,\n              44.09850293507171\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.79330318320989,\n              43.63946542538801\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.69244263135312,\n              43.63946542538801\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.21844335314186,\n              43.458879896046\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.06894841116004,\n              43.26162709734896\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.0578747117538,\n              43.1526627825493\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.08555896026917,\n              43.12438100318411\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.09109580997209,\n              43.083955770098356\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.03572731294176,\n              43.067778202626215\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.02465361353549,\n              42.99087643750079\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.92499031888066,\n              42.9382039297397\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.94713771769314,\n              42.82866309751503\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.77766517314933,\n              42.531523629527015\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.78320202285222,\n              42.00296971090373\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.39801705804314,\n              42.011198157109334\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.30389061309161,\n              41.93298495151666\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.28728006398248,\n              41.84230232902553\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.13778512200022,\n              41.82992654436839\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.13778512200022,\n              41.77627049269694\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.06580607586076,\n              41.639864920277745\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.11010087348527,\n              41.61917216459054\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.00490072912753,\n              41.478285316584646\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.89416373506644,\n              41.42433569214879\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.7557424924904,\n              41.40357389081282\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.70037399546008,\n              41.35371849543412\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.28511026773201,\n              41.1747562609211\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.98058353406455,\n              41.25805551843496\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.92521503703425,\n              41.16225222365287\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.90860448792509,\n              40.99530376791964\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.9916572334708,\n              40.79440614160757\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.0691731293136,\n              40.65173469460069\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.20759437188963,\n              40.64753384648668\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.27403656832576,\n              40.521385461405714\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.22420492099833,\n              40.47507145252857\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.60961460396099,\n              40.546634170938944\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.79016084791104,\n              40.71891229460641\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.50007486710224,\n              41.145576462119976\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e16b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, T. W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":91802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":334899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nisbet, I.C.T.","contributorId":54942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nisbet","given":"I.C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krynitsky, A. J.","contributorId":73954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krynitsky","given":"A.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5221882,"text":"5221882 - 1983 - Clutch size, reproductive success, and organochlorine contaminants in Atlantic coast black-crowned night-herons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T07:12:33","indexId":"5221882","displayToPublicDate":"1983-06-16T12:19:34","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Clutch size, reproductive success, and organochlorine contaminants in Atlantic coast black-crowned night-herons","docAbstract":"<p>In 1979, we gathered clutch-size and reproductive-success data on Black-crowned Night-Herons (<i>Nycticorax nycticorax</i>) nesting in three New England and two North Carolina colonies. In 1975, we gathered similar data from one of the New England and one of the North Carolina colonies. Latitudinal differences in clutch initiation were not evident. Mean clutch size was larger in the New England than in the North Carolina colonies. Mean clutch size was smaller in late nests from one New England colony studied in both years and another New England colony studied in 1979; seasonal trends in clutch size for other colonies were not found. In 1979, nest success was greater in two New England colonies than in one North Carolina colony. Within-season differences in nest success occurred but were inconsistent among colonies. In the four instances where statistical comparisons could be made, larger clutches were more successful than smaller ones in two colonies; large and small clutches had similar success in two other colonies. One egg was collected from each of several nests in each colony in 1979 for organochlorine contaminant analysis, and the fate of the remaining eggs was recorded. Concentrations of DDE and PCBs did not differ with clutch size; concentrations of PCBs were lower, however, in eggs laid late in the season. Although the data suggest an effect of DDE on hatching success in the northern more contaminated colonies, the impact of environmental contaminants on overall reproductive success appears to be minimal.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Custer, T.W., Hensler, G.L., and Kaiser, T.E., 1983, Clutch size, reproductive success, and organochlorine contaminants in Atlantic coast black-crowned night-herons: The Auk, v. 100, no. 3, p. 699-710.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"699","endPage":"710","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193392,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341264,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4086472 "}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts, North Carolina, Rhode Island ","otherGeospatial":"Annex, Clark's Island, Gould Islands, Hope Island, Middle Marsh","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.5322265625,\n              42.114523952464246\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.7626953125,\n              41.672911819602085\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.65283203125,\n              40.94671366508002\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.6533203125,\n              41.09591205639546\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.23583984375,\n              41.85319643776675\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.5322265625,\n              42.114523952464246\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.7562255859375,\n              36.54053616262899\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.5030517578125,\n              34.92197103616377\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.475830078125,\n              34.19817309627726\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.3609619140625,\n              36.0624217151089\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.7562255859375,\n              36.54053616262899\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"100","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a626","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3170-6519 tcuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":2835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Thomas","email":"tcuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":334911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hensler, Gary L.","contributorId":23111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensler","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaiser, T. Earl","contributorId":84826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"Earl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5221859,"text":"5221859 - 1983 - Organochlorine pesticides and PCB's: A continuing problem for the 1980s","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-26T10:09:51","indexId":"5221859","displayToPublicDate":"1983-06-16T12:19:34","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3638,"text":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organochlorine pesticides and PCB's: A continuing problem for the 1980s","docAbstract":"In general. decreases in OC contamination in North America are unmistakable. This is documented by the NPMP. but. more importantly. it is borne out by improvements in the reproduction and population status of the brown pelican. bald eagle, peregrine falcon, and osprey. However, some OC contamination still persists, and several species, particularly predatory birds and insectivorous bats, continue to be vulnerable.  Current OC problems in North America result from present and past usage and from industrial contamination. In addition, some studies suggest that some migrant bird species that winter south of the U.S. border are exposed to higher levels of OC pesticide than non-migrants. However, heavy OC pesticide contamination is known to exist in Arizona, New Mexico, and in southern California where migratory birds might stop during migration. At this time, we do not have the information to assess specifically the sources of contamination for most migrant species.  From the number of recent OC problems identified in North America, it is apparent that OC's are not confined to the past and that we must continue to monitor and study OC's during this decade. However, current administrative, management, and research priorities are being directed toward the search for potential impacts of newer pesticides, air pollution. industrial waste, and other contaminants. Although it is necessary to build a body of scientific data on these types of contaminants, we feel that we cannot neglect continued work on OC's for which harmful effects impacting our wildlife resources are already known.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":" 0078-1355","usgsCitation":"Fleming, W.J., Clark, D.R., and Henny, C.J., 1983, Organochlorine pesticides and PCB's: A continuing problem for the 1980s: Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, v. 48, p. 186-199.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"186","endPage":"199","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a83f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleming, W. James","contributorId":85279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, D. R. Jr.","contributorId":40928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"D.","suffix":"Jr.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5221888,"text":"5221888 - 1983 - Effects on wildlife from use of endrin in Washington State orchards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-26T10:50:12","indexId":"5221888","displayToPublicDate":"1983-06-16T12:19:31","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3638,"text":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects on wildlife from use of endrin in Washington State orchards","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Blus, L.J., Henny, C.J., Kaiser, T., and Grove, R.A., 1983, Effects on wildlife from use of endrin in Washington State orchards: Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, v. 48, p. 159-174.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"174","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196739,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Wenatchee","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.51727294921875,\n              47.29273658568957\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.99954223632812,\n              47.29273658568957\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.99954223632812,\n              47.55567691617457\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.51727294921875,\n              47.55567691617457\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.51727294921875,\n              47.29273658568957\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"48","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f96f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blus, L. J.","contributorId":38116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blus","given":"L.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaiser, T. E.","contributorId":75486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"T. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grove, R. A.","contributorId":6546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grove","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5221807,"text":"5221807 - 1983 - Parathion alters incubation behavior of laughing gulls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-12T14:10:19","indexId":"5221807","displayToPublicDate":"1983-06-16T12:19:13","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Parathion alters incubation behavior of laughing gulls","docAbstract":"<p>One member of each pair of incubating laughing gulls at 9 nests was trapped, orally dosed with either 6 mg/kg parathion in corn oil or corn oil alone, and marked about the neck with red dye. Each nest was marked with a numbered stake and the treatment was recorded. A pilot study with captive laughing gulls had determined the proper dosage of parathion that would significantly inhibit their brain AChE activity (about 50% of normal) without overt signs of poisoning.</p><p>After dosing, birds were released and the nests were observed for 21/2 days from a blind on the nesting island. The activities of the birds at each marked nest were recorded at 10-minute intervals. Results indicated that on the day of treatment there was no difference (P&gt;0.05, Chi-square test) in the proportion of time spent on the nest between treated and control birds. However, birds dosed with 6 mg/kg parathion spent significantly less time incubating on days 2 and 3 than did birds receiving only corn oil. By noon on the third day, sharing of nest duties between pair members in the treated group had approached normal, indicating recovery from parathion intoxication. These findings suggest that sublethal exposure of nesting birds to an organophosphate (OP) insecticide, such as parathion, may result in decreased nest attentiveness, thereby making the clutch more susceptible to predation or egg failure. Behavioral changes caused by sublethal OP exposure could be especially detrimental in avian species where only one pair member incubates or where both members are exposed in species sharing nest duties.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01608772","usgsCitation":"White, D.H., Mitchell, C.A., and Hill, E.F., 1983, Parathion alters incubation behavior of laughing gulls: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 31, no. 1, p. 93-97, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01608772.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"97","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194337,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Laguna Vista","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.32959747314453,\n              26.03796732011121\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.23793029785156,\n              26.03796732011121\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.23793029785156,\n              26.153588951987334\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.32959747314453,\n              26.153588951987334\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.32959747314453,\n              26.03796732011121\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a88ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Donald H.","contributorId":97868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mitchell, C. A.","contributorId":54543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hill, E. F.","contributorId":14362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5221842,"text":"5221842 - 1983 - Contaminants in greater snow geese and their eggs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-14T16:07:52.146467","indexId":"5221842","displayToPublicDate":"1983-06-16T12:18:57","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contaminants in greater snow geese and their eggs","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3808170","usgsCitation":"Longcore, J.R., Heyland, J., Reed, A., and Laporte, P., 1983, Contaminants in greater snow geese and their eggs: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 47, no. 4, p. 1105-1109, https://doi.org/10.2307/3808170.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1105","endPage":"1109","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196923,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Northwest Territories","otherGeospatial":"Baffin Island, St. Lawrence River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.6953125,\n              74.68325030051861\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.1796875,\n              79.23718500609336\n            ],\n            [\n              -55.54687499999999,\n              82.72096436126803\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.5859375,\n              83.599030708362\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.65625,\n              81.0386170391625\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.6875,\n              80.23850054635392\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.57812499999999,\n              76.3518964311259\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.515625,\n              74.21198251594369\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.6953125,\n              74.68325030051861\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.158203125,\n              46.49839225859763\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.8828125,\n              46.01222384063236\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.8828125,\n              44.902577996288876\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.19140625,\n              45.1510532655634\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.13671875,\n              46.07323062540835\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.158203125,\n              46.49839225859763\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.98046875,\n              32.99023555965106\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.75,\n              32.62087018318113\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.794921875,\n              35.817813158696616\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.267578125,\n              38.8225909761771\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.37695312499999,\n              40.17887331434696\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.6953125,\n              37.78808138412046\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.904296875,\n              35.31736632923788\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.98046875,\n              32.99023555965106\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b07e4b07f02db69ad9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Longcore, J. R. 0000-0003-4898-5438","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-5438","contributorId":43835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heyland, J.D.","contributorId":19655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heyland","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reed, A.","contributorId":99251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Laporte, P.","contributorId":49481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laporte","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5221852,"text":"5221852 - 1983 - Relationships of environmental contaminants to reproductive success in red-breasted mergansers (Mergus serrator) from Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-30T16:39:37.357426","indexId":"5221852","displayToPublicDate":"1983-06-16T12:18:57","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1556,"text":"Environmental Pollution (Series A)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Relationships of environmental contaminants to reproductive success in red-breasted mergansers (<i>Mergus serrator</i>) from Lake Michigan","title":"Relationships of environmental contaminants to reproductive success in red-breasted mergansers (Mergus serrator) from Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"<p><span>In 1977 and 1978, we studied red-breasted mergansers&nbsp;</span><i>Mergus serrator</i><span>&nbsp;nesting on islands in northwestern Lake Michigan to determine whether environmental contaminants were having effects on reproduction. Seventeen contaminants were measured in randomly chosen eggs from 206 nests under study. Using a variety of statistical approaches, we looked for effects of individuals contaminants and combinations of contaminants on reproductive measurements such as nest desertion, failure of eggs to hatch, death of newly hatched ducklings, percentage hatching success, number of ducklings leaving the nest and eggshell thickness. We also looked for relationships between the levels of some contaminants in blood samples of 39 incubating females and reproductive success. A small degree of eggshell thinning was attributed to DDE and a few other statistical tests were significant, but no contaminant or combination of contaminants we measured seemed to have a pronounced effect on the aspects of reproduction we followed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0143-1471(83)90037-5","usgsCitation":"Heinz, G.H., Haseltine, S.D., Reichel, W.L., and Hensler, G.L., 1983, Relationships of environmental contaminants to reproductive success in red-breasted mergansers (Mergus serrator) from Lake Michigan: Environmental Pollution (Series A), v. 32, no. 3, p. 211-232, https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-1471(83)90037-5.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"232","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Door County","otherGeospatial":"Gravel Island, Hog Island, Pilot Island, Plum Island, Spider Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.10235595703125,\n              45.30097305990777\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.97463989257812,\n              45.17622870105657\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.74530029296874,\n              45.38591285563495\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.81533813476562,\n              45.43508099838452\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.95816040039062,\n              45.430262484682125\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.10235595703125,\n              45.30097305990777\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c05f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinz, G. H.","contributorId":85905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haseltine, S. D.","contributorId":80219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haseltine","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reichel, W. L.","contributorId":50482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichel","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hensler, Gary L.","contributorId":23111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensler","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5221849,"text":"5221849 - 1983 - Effects of heptachlor on American kestrels in the Columbia Basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-31T16:28:21","indexId":"5221849","displayToPublicDate":"1983-06-16T12:18:57","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of heptachlor on American kestrels in the Columbia Basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"Wheat seeds treated with heptachlor to control wireworms (Ctenicara pruinina) resulted in American kestrels (Falco sparverius) in the Columbia Basin accumulating residues of  heptachlor epoxide (HE) that reduced productivity and caused some adult mortality. The kestrel is more sensitive to HE residues in eggs than the Canada goose (Branta canadensis moffitti), i.e., reduced productivity occurs at > 1.5 ppm in kestrel eggs vs. > 10 ppm in Canada goose eggs.  Neither kestrel eggshells nor Canada goose eggshells were thinned by HE.  The reduced use of heptachlor in 1979, because of a partial ban, resulted in an immediate lowering of HE concentrations in kestrel eggs the following year.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3808167","usgsCitation":"Henny, C.J., Blus, L.J., and Stafford, C.J., 1983, Effects of heptachlor on American kestrels in the Columbia Basin, Oregon: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 47, no. 4, p. 1080-1087, https://doi.org/10.2307/3808167.","productDescription":"8  p.","startPage":"1080","endPage":"1087","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Columbia Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.12353515624999,\n              43.78695837311561\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.08056640625,\n              43.67581809328341\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.69628906249999,\n              44.715513732021336\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.47656249999999,\n              46.01222384063236\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.43212890625,\n              45.73685954736049\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.36572265625,\n              45.506346901083425\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.93701171874999,\n              46.07323062540835\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.1015625,\n              46.195042108660154\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.12353515624999,\n              43.78695837311561\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611f49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blus, L. J.","contributorId":38116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blus","given":"L.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stafford, C. J.","contributorId":65429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70157625,"text":"70157625 - 1983 - Jiddah and vicinity, ... Saudi Arabia : 1:25,000-scale topographic maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-29T11:54:50","indexId":"70157625","displayToPublicDate":"1983-06-14T13:15:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Jiddah and vicinity, ... Saudi Arabia : 1:25,000-scale topographic maps","docAbstract":"<p>Contents:</p>\n<p><span>SP-2B2. Al Kurāʻ SW --</span><br /><span>SP-3B2. Al Kurāʻ --</span><br /><span>SP-4B2. ʻUsfān SW --</span><br /><span>SP-5B2. Ra's Abḩur --</span><br /><span>SP-6B2. Buraymān --</span><br /><span>SP-7B2. Jabal Ţanḑub NW --</span><br /><span>SP-8B2. Buraymān SW --</span><br /><span>SP-9B2. Jiddah north --</span><br /><span>SP-10B2. Jabal Ţanḑub --</span><br /><span>SP-11B2. Jiddah south --</span><br /><span>SP-12B2. Jabal al Ḩamrāʼ --</span><br /><span>SP-13B2. Jazīrat Ghurāb --</span><br /><span>SP-14B2. Khumrah --</span><br /><span>SP-15B2. Baḩrah SW.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Saudi Arabia. Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources, and Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1983, Jiddah and vicinity, ... Saudi Arabia : 1:25,000-scale topographic maps, 14 maps: 61 x 71 cm.","productDescription":"14 maps: 61 x 71 cm","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":308705,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"25000","country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              34.453125,\n              28.14950321154457\n            ],\n            [\n              34.8486328125,\n              29.305561325527698\n            ],\n            [\n              36.25488281249999,\n              29.267232865200878\n            ],\n            [\n              36.7822265625,\n              29.6880527498568\n            ],\n            [\n              37.5732421875,\n              29.916852233070173\n            ],\n            [\n              38.0126953125,\n              30.44867367928756\n            ],\n            [\n              37.1337890625,\n              31.42866311735861\n            ],\n            [\n              38.49609375,\n              31.80289258670676\n            ],\n            [\n              39.3310546875,\n              32.175612478499346\n            ],\n            [\n              42.9345703125,\n              30.826780904779774\n            ],\n            [\n              44.6923828125,\n              29.19053283229458\n            ],\n            [\n              46.669921875,\n              29.075375179558346\n            ],\n            [\n              47.3291015625,\n              29.99300228455108\n            ],\n            [\n              48.076171875,\n              29.916852233070173\n            ],\n            [\n              50.22949218749999,\n              26.43122806450644\n            ],\n            [\n              51.37207031249999,\n              26.11598592533351\n            ],\n            [\n              51.67968749999999,\n              24.647017162630366\n            ],\n            [\n              51.85546874999999,\n              24.206889622398023\n            ],\n            [\n              52.734375,\n              22.958393318086337\n            ],\n            [\n              54.9755859375,\n              22.87744046489713\n            ],\n            [\n              55.810546875,\n              21.983801417384697\n            ],\n            [\n              54.9755859375,\n              19.849393958422805\n            ],\n            [\n              51.85546874999999,\n              18.89589255941504\n            ],\n            [\n              48.8671875,\n              18.47960905583197\n            ],\n            [\n              47.50488281249999,\n              17.056784609942554\n            ],\n            [\n              46.845703125,\n              17.014767530557833\n            ],\n            [\n              43.6376953125,\n              17.308687886770034\n            ],\n            [\n              42.802734375,\n              16.088042220148807\n            ],\n            [\n              38.935546875,\n              21.28937435586041\n            ],\n            [\n              37.08984375,\n              24.886436490787712\n            ],\n            [\n              34.453125,\n              28.14950321154457\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb6c0e4b058f706e53d16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saudi Arabia. Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources","contributorId":147327,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Saudi Arabia. Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources","id":573805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":573806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70011208,"text":"70011208 - 1983 - Early Tertiary age of pitchstone in the northern Black Hills, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-09T16:43:31.599618","indexId":"70011208","displayToPublicDate":"1983-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early Tertiary age of pitchstone in the northern Black Hills, South Dakota","docAbstract":"<p><span>A block of pitchstone in the northern Black Hills, South Dakota, is Paleocene in age, according to potassium-argon dating of biotite and fission-track dating of zircon in the sample. These data invalidate published suggestions that the age is much younger. The pitchstone is not extrusive in its present position but instead is in a volcanic pipe with other fragments that came downward from as much as 1100 meters above the modern surface.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.220.4602.1153","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Redden, J., Obradovich, J.D., Naeser, C.W., Zartman, R., and Norton, J., 1983, Early Tertiary age of pitchstone in the northern Black Hills, South Dakota: Science, v. 220, no. 4602, p. 1153-1154, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.220.4602.1153.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1153","endPage":"1154","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221739,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"northern Black Hills","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-104.054487,44.180381],[-104.055914,44.874986],[-104.057698,44.997431],[-104.039681,44.998041],[-104.040114,45.374214],[-104.045443,45.94531],[-100.430597,45.943638],[-99.005754,45.939944],[-98.414518,45.936504],[-96.56328,45.935238],[-96.564002,45.91956],[-96.56703,45.915682],[-96.56442,45.909415],[-96.568315,45.902902],[-96.568772,45.888072],[-96.571354,45.886673],[-96.571871,45.871846],[-96.574667,45.866816],[-96.572984,45.861602],[-96.574517,45.843098],[-96.583085,45.820024],[-96.596704,45.811801],[-96.612512,45.794442],[-96.627778,45.786239],[-96.638726,45.770171],[-96.641941,45.759871],[-96.652226,45.746809],[-96.662595,45.738682],[-96.672665,45.732336],[-96.711157,45.717561],[-96.745086,45.701576],[-96.75035,45.698782],[-96.760866,45.687518],[-96.835769,45.649648],[-96.844211,45.639583],[-96.852392,45.61484],[-96.857751,45.605962],[-96.801987,45.555414],[-96.79384,45.550724],[-96.76528,45.521414],[-96.745487,45.488712],[-96.743486,45.480649],[-96.738446,45.473499],[-96.732739,45.458737],[-96.692541,45.417338],[-96.680454,45.410499],[-96.617726,45.408092],[-96.60118,45.403181],[-96.562142,45.38609],[-96.521787,45.375645],[-96.489065,45.357071],[-96.469246,45.324941],[-96.468027,45.318619],[-96.46191,45.313884],[-96.453067,45.298115],[-96.451232,44.718375],[-96.453049,43.500415],[-96.598928,43.500457],[-96.599182,43.496011],[-96.586274,43.491099],[-96.580997,43.481384],[-96.586364,43.478251],[-96.584603,43.46961],[-96.587929,43.464878],[-96.600039,43.45708],[-96.60286,43.450907],[-96.594254,43.434153],[-96.587884,43.431685],[-96.575181,43.431756],[-96.570224,43.428601],[-96.573579,43.419228],[-96.562728,43.412782],[-96.557586,43.406792],[-96.537116,43.395063],[-96.531159,43.39561],[-96.529152,43.397735],[-96.525453,43.396317],[-96.521572,43.38564],[-96.521323,43.374607],[-96.526467,43.368314],[-96.527223,43.362257],[-96.526635,43.351833],[-96.524289,43.347214],[-96.534913,43.336473],[-96.528817,43.316561],[-96.525564,43.312467],[-96.530392,43.300034],[-96.553087,43.29286],[-96.555246,43.294803],[-96.56911,43.295535],[-96.573556,43.29917],[-96.581052,43.297118],[-96.579094,43.293797],[-96.577588,43.2788],[-96.580904,43.2748],[-96.582876,43.274594],[-96.582939,43.276536],[-96.586317,43.274319],[-96.58522,43.268878],[-96.576804,43.268308],[-96.564165,43.260239],[-96.554968,43.259998],[-96.552591,43.257769],[-96.552963,43.247281],[-96.565253,43.244241],[-96.571194,43.238961],[-96.568505,43.231554],[-96.56044,43.224219],[-96.554937,43.226775],[-96.540088,43.225698],[-96.535741,43.22764],[-96.526865,43.224071],[-96.519273,43.21769],[-96.500759,43.220767],[-96.496454,43.223652],[-96.485264,43.224183],[-96.476697,43.222014],[-96.470626,43.207225],[-96.473777,43.198766],[-96.473834,43.189804],[-96.472395,43.185644],[-96.465146,43.182971],[-96.467292,43.164066],[-96.466537,43.150281],[-96.459978,43.143516],[-96.450361,43.142237],[-96.443431,43.133825],[-96.440801,43.123129],[-96.436589,43.120842],[-96.439335,43.113916],[-96.462855,43.091419],[-96.462636,43.089614],[-96.455337,43.088129],[-96.454088,43.084197],[-96.455209,43.075053],[-96.46085,43.064033],[-96.468207,43.06186],[-96.473165,43.06355],[-96.476905,43.062383],[-96.490365,43.050789],[-96.501748,43.048632],[-96.510256,43.049917],[-96.518431,43.042068],[-96.509145,43.037297],[-96.512916,43.029962],[-96.510995,43.024701],[-96.499187,43.019213],[-96.49167,43.009707],[-96.496699,42.998807],[-96.509986,42.995126],[-96.512886,42.991424],[-96.512237,42.985937],[-96.516724,42.981458],[-96.520773,42.980385],[-96.515922,42.972886],[-96.506148,42.971348],[-96.503132,42.968192],[-96.500308,42.959391],[-96.504857,42.954659],[-96.509472,42.945151],[-96.519994,42.93976],[-96.516419,42.935438],[-96.516888,42.932512],[-96.525536,42.935511],[-96.541689,42.922576],[-96.536564,42.905656],[-96.542847,42.903737],[-96.539397,42.899964],[-96.536007,42.900901],[-96.528886,42.89795],[-96.526357,42.891852],[-96.540116,42.889678],[-96.537851,42.878475],[-96.546394,42.874464],[-96.549659,42.870281],[-96.550469,42.863742],[-96.546556,42.857273],[-96.541708,42.858871],[-96.545502,42.849956],[-96.554709,42.846142],[-96.554203,42.843648],[-96.549976,42.840705],[-96.551285,42.836606],[-96.556162,42.836675],[-96.560572,42.839373],[-96.56284,42.836309],[-96.563058,42.831051],[-96.565605,42.830434],[-96.571353,42.837155],[-96.581604,42.837521],[-96.58238,42.833657],[-96.577813,42.828719],[-96.585699,42.818041],[-96.596008,42.815044],[-96.595664,42.810426],[-96.590913,42.808987],[-96.595283,42.792982],[-96.602575,42.787767],[-96.603784,42.78372],[-96.61949,42.784034],[-96.626406,42.773518],[-96.632142,42.770863],[-96.632212,42.761512],[-96.628741,42.757532],[-96.621235,42.758084],[-96.619494,42.754792],[-96.630485,42.750378],[-96.639704,42.737071],[-96.631931,42.725086],[-96.624704,42.725497],[-96.624446,42.714294],[-96.630617,42.70588],[-96.612555,42.698402],[-96.61017,42.694568],[-96.59908,42.697296],[-96.596625,42.695122],[-96.596405,42.688514],[-96.58562,42.687076],[-96.575299,42.682665],[-96.574064,42.67801],[-96.578148,42.672765],[-96.572261,42.670776],[-96.569194,42.675509],[-96.566684,42.675942],[-96.556244,42.664396],[-96.5599,42.662819],[-96.559962,42.658543],[-96.556214,42.657949],[-96.546827,42.661491],[-96.542366,42.660736],[-96.537877,42.655431],[-96.537881,42.646446],[-96.526766,42.641184],[-96.516338,42.630435],[-96.515918,42.624994],[-96.518542,42.62035],[-96.530896,42.617129],[-96.529894,42.610432],[-96.525671,42.609312],[-96.517048,42.615343],[-96.509468,42.61273],[-96.500183,42.594106],[-96.501037,42.589247],[-96.494777,42.585741],[-96.49545,42.579474],[-96.485796,42.575001],[-96.489328,42.5708],[-96.498709,42.57087],[-96.498041,42.558153],[-96.476952,42.556079],[-96.479909,42.524195],[-96.490802,42.520331],[-96.49297,42.517282],[-96.490089,42.512441],[-96.477454,42.509589],[-96.473339,42.503537],[-96.476909,42.497795],[-96.476509,42.493595],[-96.474409,42.491895],[-96.46255,42.490788],[-96.456348,42.492478],[-96.443408,42.489495],[-96.478792,42.479635],[-96.501321,42.482749],[-96.508587,42.486691],[-96.515891,42.49427],[-96.520683,42.504761],[-96.528753,42.513273],[-96.538036,42.518131],[-96.548791,42.520547],[-96.567896,42.517877],[-96.591121,42.50541],[-96.603468,42.50446],[-96.611489,42.506088],[-96.625958,42.513576],[-96.628179,42.516963],[-96.632882,42.528987],[-96.63533,42.54764],[-96.643589,42.557604],[-96.658754,42.566426],[-96.681369,42.574486],[-96.7093,42.603753],[-96.711546,42.614758],[-96.709485,42.621932],[-96.687788,42.645992],[-96.687082,42.652093],[-96.691269,42.6562],[-96.728024,42.666882],[-96.746949,42.666223],[-96.76406,42.661985],[-96.793238,42.666024],[-96.800986,42.669758],[-96.802178,42.672237],[-96.800485,42.692466],[-96.801652,42.698774],[-96.806219,42.704149],[-96.843419,42.712024],[-96.860436,42.720797],[-96.886845,42.725222],[-96.906797,42.7338],[-96.924156,42.730327],[-96.948902,42.719465],[-96.961576,42.719841],[-96.964776,42.722455],[-96.965833,42.727096],[-96.96123,42.740623],[-96.96888,42.754278],[-96.97912,42.76009],[-96.99282,42.759481],[-97.02485,42.76243],[-97.033229,42.765904],[-97.065592,42.772189],[-97.096128,42.76934],[-97.131331,42.771929],[-97.134461,42.774494],[-97.138216,42.783428],[-97.150763,42.795566],[-97.166978,42.802087],[-97.200431,42.805485],[-97.210126,42.809296],[-97.213084,42.813007],[-97.213957,42.820143],[-97.218269,42.829561],[-97.217411,42.843519],[-97.218825,42.845848],[-97.237868,42.853139],[-97.251764,42.855432],[-97.267946,42.852583],[-97.289859,42.855499],[-97.306677,42.867604],[-97.336156,42.856802],[-97.359569,42.854816],[-97.368643,42.858419],[-97.376695,42.865195],[-97.393966,42.86425],[-97.408315,42.868334],[-97.417066,42.865918],[-97.431951,42.851542],[-97.442279,42.846224],[-97.452177,42.846048],[-97.470529,42.850455],[-97.49149,42.851625],[-97.504847,42.858477],[-97.531867,42.850105],[-97.561928,42.847552],[-97.591916,42.853837],[-97.603762,42.858329],[-97.611811,42.858367],[-97.657846,42.844626],[-97.686506,42.842435],[-97.72045,42.847439],[-97.774456,42.849774],[-97.817075,42.861781],[-97.828496,42.868797],[-97.84527,42.867734],[-97.875345,42.858724],[-97.877003,42.854394],[-97.875849,42.847725],[-97.878976,42.843673],[-97.879878,42.835395],[-97.888562,42.817251],[-97.908983,42.794909],[-97.921434,42.788352],[-97.936716,42.775754],[-97.950147,42.769619],[-97.977588,42.769923],[-98.000348,42.763256],[-98.017228,42.762411],[-98.035034,42.764205],[-98.059838,42.772772],[-98.062913,42.781119],[-98.067388,42.784759],[-98.094574,42.799309],[-98.107688,42.810633],[-98.127489,42.820127],[-98.137912,42.832728],[-98.146933,42.839823],[-98.167523,42.836925],[-98.189765,42.841628],[-98.219826,42.853157],[-98.25181,42.872824],[-98.280007,42.874996],[-98.325864,42.8865],[-98.34623,42.902747],[-98.42074,42.931924],[-98.430934,42.931504],[-98.437285,42.928393],[-98.444145,42.929242],[-98.448309,42.936428],[-98.467356,42.947556],[-98.490483,42.977948],[-98.49855,42.99856],[-100.472742,42.999288],[-101.625424,42.996238],[-101.849982,42.999329],[-104.053127,43.000585],[-104.055488,43.853476],[-104.054487,44.180381]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"South Dakota\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"220","issue":"4602","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0491e4b0c8380cd50a6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Redden, J. A.","contributorId":62215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redden","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Obradovich, J. D.","contributorId":48966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obradovich","given":"J.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Naeser, C. W.","contributorId":17582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"C.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zartman, R. E.","contributorId":15632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zartman","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Norton, J.J.","contributorId":25573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norton","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70011430,"text":"70011430 - 1983 - Solubility of crude oil in methane as a function of pressure and temperature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-19T15:38:03.132946","indexId":"70011430","displayToPublicDate":"1983-06-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solubility of crude oil in methane as a function of pressure and temperature","docAbstract":"<p><span>The solubility of a 44° API (0.806 sp. gr.) whole crude oil has been measured in methane with water present at temperatures of 50 to 250°C and pressures of 740 to 14,852 psi, as have the solubilities of two high molecular weight petroleum distillation fractions at temperatures of 50 to 250°C and pressures of 4482 to 25,266 psi. Both increases in pressure and temperature increase the solubility of crude oil and petroleum distillation fractions in methane, the effect of pressure being greater than that of temperature. Unexpectedly high solubility levels (0.5–1.5 grams of oil per liter of methane—at laboratory temperature and pressure) were measured at moderate conditions (50–200°C and 5076–14504 psi). Similar results were found for the petroleum distillation fractions, one of which was the highest molecular weight material of petroleum (material boiling above 266°C at 6 microns pressure). Unexpectedly mild conditions (100°C and 15,200 psi; 200°C and 7513 psi) resulted in cosolubility of crude oil and methane. Under these conditions, samples of the gas-rich phase gave solubility values of 4 to 5 g/l, or greater.</span></p><p><span>Qualitative analyses of the crude-oil solute samples showed that at low pressure and temperature equilibration conditions, the solute condensate would be enriched in C<sub>5</sub>–C<sub>15</sub>&nbsp;range hydrocarbons and in saturated hydrocarbons in the C<sub>15+</sub>&nbsp;fraction. With increases in temperature and especially pressure, these tendencies were reversed, and the solute condensate became identical to the starting crude oil.</span></p><p><span>The data of this study, compared to that of previous studies, shows that methane, with water present, has a much greater carrying capacity for crude oil than in dry systems. The presence of water also drastically lowers the temperature and pressure conditions required for cosolubility.</span></p><p><span>The data of this and/or previous studies demonstrate that the addition of carbon dioxide, ethane, propane, or butane to methane also has a strong positive effect on crude oil solubility, as does the presence of fine grained rocks.</span></p><p><span>The&nbsp;<i>n</i>-paraffin distributions (as well as the overall composition) of the solute condensates are controlled by the temperature and pressure of solution and exsolution, as well as by the composition of the original starting material. It appears quite possible that primary migration by gaseous solution could ‘strip’ a source rock of crude-oil like components leaving behind a bitumen totally unlike the migrated crude oil. The data of this study demonstrate previous criticisms of primary petroleum migration by gas solution are invalid; that primary migration by gaseous solution cannot occur because methane cannot dissolve sufficient volumes of crude oil or cannot dissolve the highest molecular weight components of petroleum (tars and asphaltenes).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(83)90042-6","usgsCitation":"Price, L.C., Wenger, L., Ging, T., and Blount, C., 1983, Solubility of crude oil in methane as a function of pressure and temperature: Organic Geochemistry, v. 4, no. 3-4, p. 201-221, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(83)90042-6.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"221","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221171,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Nebraska, Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-106.190554,40.997607],[-104.053249,41.001406],[-104.053127,43.000585],[-101.849982,42.999329],[-101.625424,42.996238],[-98.49855,42.99856],[-98.490483,42.977948],[-98.467356,42.947556],[-98.448309,42.936428],[-98.445861,42.93062],[-98.439743,42.928195],[-98.42074,42.931924],[-98.34623,42.902747],[-98.325864,42.8865],[-98.280007,42.874996],[-98.25181,42.872824],[-98.219826,42.853157],[-98.189765,42.841628],[-98.167523,42.836925],[-98.14806,42.840013],[-98.129038,42.821228],[-98.067388,42.784759],[-98.059838,42.772772],[-98.035034,42.764205],[-98.002532,42.763264],[-97.977588,42.769923],[-97.950147,42.769619],[-97.936716,42.775754],[-97.908983,42.794909],[-97.888562,42.817251],[-97.875849,42.847725],[-97.875345,42.858724],[-97.84527,42.867734],[-97.828496,42.868797],[-97.817075,42.861781],[-97.774456,42.849774],[-97.686506,42.842435],[-97.657846,42.844626],[-97.611811,42.858367],[-97.561928,42.847552],[-97.531867,42.850105],[-97.504847,42.858477],[-97.49149,42.851625],[-97.442279,42.846224],[-97.417066,42.865918],[-97.408315,42.868334],[-97.393966,42.86425],[-97.376695,42.865195],[-97.361784,42.855123],[-97.336156,42.856802],[-97.308853,42.867307],[-97.289859,42.855499],[-97.237868,42.853139],[-97.218825,42.845848],[-97.218269,42.829561],[-97.211654,42.810684],[-97.200431,42.805485],[-97.166978,42.802087],[-97.150763,42.795566],[-97.131331,42.771929],[-97.096128,42.76934],[-97.065592,42.772189],[-97.02485,42.76243],[-96.97912,42.76009],[-96.96888,42.754278],[-96.96123,42.740623],[-96.965833,42.727096],[-96.963531,42.720643],[-96.948902,42.719465],[-96.906797,42.7338],[-96.886845,42.725222],[-96.860436,42.720797],[-96.843419,42.712024],[-96.806223,42.704154],[-96.800485,42.692466],[-96.802178,42.672237],[-96.793238,42.666024],[-96.76406,42.661985],[-96.728024,42.666882],[-96.691269,42.6562],[-96.687669,42.653126],[-96.687788,42.645992],[-96.709485,42.621932],[-96.7093,42.603753],[-96.681369,42.574486],[-96.643589,42.557604],[-96.63533,42.54764],[-96.628179,42.516963],[-96.611489,42.506088],[-96.591121,42.50541],[-96.567896,42.517877],[-96.548791,42.520547],[-96.528753,42.513273],[-96.515891,42.49427],[-96.501321,42.482749],[-96.478792,42.479635],[-96.443408,42.489495],[-96.396107,42.484095],[-96.386007,42.474495],[-96.380707,42.446394],[-96.387608,42.432494],[-96.413609,42.407894],[-96.41498,42.393442],[-96.408436,42.376092],[-96.417093,42.361443],[-96.417786,42.351449],[-96.407998,42.337408],[-96.375307,42.318339],[-96.369212,42.308344],[-96.365792,42.285875],[-96.336003,42.264806],[-96.328905,42.254734],[-96.328955,42.241885],[-96.323723,42.229887],[-96.336323,42.218922],[-96.356591,42.215182],[-96.35987,42.210545],[-96.348066,42.194747],[-96.350323,42.17744],[-96.347752,42.166806],[-96.319528,42.146647],[-96.310085,42.132523],[-96.279203,42.12348],[-96.2689,42.11359],[-96.267636,42.096177],[-96.279079,42.074026],[-96.275548,42.051976],[-96.263886,42.039858],[-96.238392,42.041088],[-96.225656,42.035217],[-96.221901,42.029558],[-96.223611,42.022652],[-96.238859,42.012315],[-96.240713,41.999351],[-96.225463,41.994734],[-96.215225,42.006701],[-96.194556,42.008662],[-96.183568,41.999987],[-96.192141,41.984461],[-96.186265,41.977417],[-96.156538,41.980137],[-96.141228,41.978063],[-96.129505,41.971673],[-96.133318,41.955732],[-96.144583,41.941544],[-96.136743,41.920826],[-96.142265,41.915379],[-96.159098,41.910057],[-96.161756,41.90182],[-96.148826,41.888132],[-96.142045,41.868865],[-96.110246,41.84885],[-96.107911,41.840339],[-96.11081,41.828172],[-96.107592,41.820685],[-96.09827,41.814206],[-96.075548,41.807811],[-96.064879,41.79623],[-96.066413,41.788913],[-96.077543,41.777824],[-96.079915,41.757895],[-96.102772,41.746339],[-96.106425,41.73789],[-96.10261,41.728016],[-96.079682,41.717962],[-96.072321,41.706858],[-96.082429,41.698159],[-96.111968,41.697773],[-96.121401,41.688522],[-96.120983,41.677861],[-96.099837,41.66103],[-96.095046,41.647365],[-96.100701,41.635507],[-96.116233,41.621574],[-96.117558,41.609999],[-96.109387,41.596871],[-96.085771,41.585746],[-96.081152,41.577289],[-96.093613,41.558271],[-96.09409,41.539265],[-96.089714,41.531778],[-96.07307,41.525052],[-96.05369,41.508859],[-96.040701,41.507076],[-96.034305,41.512853],[-96.028439,41.539616],[-96.023182,41.544364],[-96.010028,41.545533],[-96.001161,41.541146],[-95.992599,41.514174],[-95.997903,41.504789],[-96.019224,41.489296],[-96.011757,41.476212],[-95.962329,41.46281],[-95.936801,41.46519],[-95.925713,41.459382],[-95.920281,41.451566],[-95.921833,41.442062],[-95.933169,41.42943],[-95.929721,41.411331],[-95.93749,41.393095],[-95.92879,41.370096],[-95.93549,41.360596],[-95.954891,41.351796],[-95.956691,41.345496],[-95.946891,41.334096],[-95.92569,41.322197],[-95.88869,41.319097],[-95.874689,41.307097],[-95.872889,41.289497],[-95.88239,41.281397],[-95.90249,41.273398],[-95.912491,41.279498],[-95.90429,41.299597],[-95.927491,41.298397],[-95.928691,41.281398],[-95.913991,41.271398],[-95.921891,41.264598],[-95.910891,41.233998],[-95.927491,41.202198],[-95.923219,41.191046],[-95.91459,41.185098],[-95.864789,41.188298],[-95.850188,41.184798],[-95.841288,41.174998],[-95.846188,41.166698],[-95.871912,41.168122],[-95.883489,41.154898],[-95.882088,41.143998],[-95.865888,41.117898],[-95.862587,41.088399],[-95.882415,41.060411],[-95.879487,41.053299],[-95.859654,41.035695],[-95.859918,41.025403],[-95.869486,41.009399],[-95.867286,41.001599],[-95.838908,40.986484],[-95.829074,40.975688],[-95.829829,40.963857],[-95.837951,40.950618],[-95.839743,40.93278],[-95.836438,40.921642],[-95.814302,40.902936],[-95.809474,40.891228],[-95.815933,40.879846],[-95.838735,40.872191],[-95.846938,40.865745],[-95.847084,40.854174],[-95.837186,40.835347],[-95.845342,40.811324],[-95.834523,40.787778],[-95.835232,40.779151],[-95.84662,40.768619],[-95.869982,40.759645],[-95.883643,40.747831],[-95.888697,40.736292],[-95.885349,40.721093],[-95.852615,40.702262],[-95.842801,40.677496],[-95.822913,40.66724],[-95.804307,40.664886],[-95.786568,40.657253],[-95.772832,40.642496],[-95.768926,40.621264],[-95.749685,40.606842],[-95.748858,40.599965],[-95.753148,40.59284],[-95.768527,40.583296],[-95.774704,40.573574],[-95.763833,40.553873],[-95.769281,40.536656],[-95.762857,40.528371],[-95.73725,40.52393],[-95.714291,40.527208],[-95.708591,40.521551],[-95.69505,40.533124],[-95.694147,40.556942],[-95.678718,40.56256],[-95.671754,40.562626],[-95.655848,40.546609],[-95.652262,40.538114],[-95.655674,40.523557],[-95.661687,40.517309],[-95.699969,40.505275],[-95.694726,40.493602],[-95.694651,40.471452],[-95.671742,40.456695],[-95.65819,40.44188],[-95.65563,40.434736],[-95.661463,40.415947],[-95.659134,40.40869],[-95.643934,40.386849],[-95.641027,40.366399],[-95.623728,40.346567],[-95.625204,40.334288],[-95.656612,40.319465],[-95.658025,40.3127],[-95.654294,40.307906],[-95.642262,40.306025],[-95.610439,40.31397],[-95.581787,40.29958],[-95.562157,40.297359],[-95.55162,40.288666],[-95.556275,40.270761],[-95.552473,40.261904],[-95.521925,40.24947],[-95.490333,40.248966],[-95.477501,40.24272],[-95.469718,40.227908],[-95.471393,40.217333],[-95.482319,40.200667],[-95.479193,40.185652],[-95.460746,40.169173],[-95.436348,40.15872],[-95.428749,40.135577],[-95.398667,40.126419],[-95.393347,40.119212],[-95.394216,40.108263],[-95.410643,40.091531],[-95.409856,40.07432],[-95.42164,40.058952],[-95.413588,40.038424],[-95.391527,40.027058],[-95.363983,40.031498],[-95.348777,40.029297],[-95.336242,40.019104],[-95.315271,40.01207],[-95.308469,40.002194],[-102.051744,40.003078],[-102.041574,37.680436],[-102.04224,36.993083],[-100.115722,37.002206],[-98.219499,36.997824],[-94.61808,36.998135],[-94.617919,36.499414],[-94.431215,35.39429],[-94.433915,35.387391],[-94.431515,35.369591],[-94.45753,34.642961],[-94.487514,33.628939],[-94.520725,33.616567],[-94.526291,33.619203],[-94.529221,33.634437],[-94.533322,33.63766],[-94.552658,33.638246],[-94.552072,33.65348],[-94.572286,33.656995],[-94.569943,33.66637],[-94.57962,33.677623],[-94.586641,33.678968],[-94.596895,33.671351],[-94.603047,33.671351],[-94.621211,33.681018],[-94.635273,33.669886],[-94.64289,33.668421],[-94.648457,33.673401],[-94.652265,33.690979],[-94.659167,33.692138],[-94.684792,33.684353],[-94.707858,33.686876],[-94.711043,33.705669],[-94.719006,33.708217],[-94.728243,33.699617],[-94.732384,33.700254],[-94.739072,33.710128],[-94.739391,33.72255],[-94.742576,33.727009],[-94.762961,33.731787],[-94.767739,33.73752],[-94.766465,33.750897],[-94.770924,33.754401],[-94.798634,33.744527],[-94.817427,33.752172],[-94.824753,33.749305],[-94.830804,33.740068],[-94.849296,33.739585],[-94.8693,33.745871],[-94.87708,33.75222],[-94.876033,33.760771],[-94.879218,33.764912],[-94.886226,33.764594],[-94.919614,33.786305],[-94.917815,33.808704],[-94.924518,33.812792],[-94.944302,33.812138],[-94.949533,33.825708],[-94.957676,33.835004],[-94.964401,33.837021],[-94.968895,33.860916],[-94.988487,33.851],[-95.008376,33.866089],[-95.022325,33.859813],[-95.046568,33.862565],[-95.065492,33.899585],[-95.07126,33.901597],[-95.084002,33.89328],[-95.090441,33.89328],[-95.10077,33.912193],[-95.122365,33.918632],[-95.121184,33.931307],[-95.1247,33.934675],[-95.161109,33.937598],[-95.184075,33.950353],[-95.226393,33.961954],[-95.252906,33.933648],[-95.253095,33.905444],[-95.26385,33.899256],[-95.277846,33.900877],[-95.283445,33.877746],[-95.287865,33.874946],[-95.333452,33.886286],[-95.339122,33.868873],[-95.407795,33.866308],[-95.44737,33.86885],[-95.463346,33.872313],[-95.46291,33.885903],[-95.469962,33.886105],[-95.492028,33.874822],[-95.502304,33.874742],[-95.506085,33.87639],[-95.506234,33.886306],[-95.515302,33.891142],[-95.533283,33.881162],[-95.545197,33.880294],[-95.552085,33.888422],[-95.549145,33.90795],[-95.559414,33.930179],[-95.599678,33.934247],[-95.603657,33.927195],[-95.636978,33.906613],[-95.665338,33.908132],[-95.684831,33.890232],[-95.696962,33.885218],[-95.71354,33.885124],[-95.737508,33.895967],[-95.756367,33.892625],[-95.762559,33.874367],[-95.753513,33.856464],[-95.758016,33.85008],[-95.772067,33.843817],[-95.787891,33.856336],[-95.805149,33.861304],[-95.820596,33.858465],[-95.820784,33.840564],[-95.837516,33.83564],[-95.859469,33.852456],[-95.881292,33.860627],[-95.915961,33.881148],[-95.935198,33.887101],[-95.936631,33.870615],[-95.944284,33.859811],[-95.972156,33.856371],[-95.991487,33.866869],[-95.996748,33.864403],[-95.997709,33.852182],[-96.019599,33.840566],[-96.0219,33.849114],[-96.029463,33.852402],[-96.037191,33.841245],[-96.048834,33.836468],[-96.100095,33.847971],[-96.09936,33.83047],[-96.122951,33.839964],[-96.14807,33.837799],[-96.15163,33.831946],[-96.150765,33.816987],[-96.17589,33.814627],[-96.178964,33.810553],[-96.17515,33.801951],[-96.162123,33.79614],[-96.169452,33.770131],[-96.178059,33.760518],[-96.220521,33.74739],[-96.229023,33.748021],[-96.269896,33.768405],[-96.292482,33.766419],[-96.303009,33.750878],[-96.307035,33.719987],[-96.316925,33.698997],[-96.348306,33.686379],[-96.362198,33.691818],[-96.36959,33.716809],[-96.408469,33.751192],[-96.422643,33.776041],[-96.448045,33.781031],[-96.459154,33.775232],[-96.500268,33.772583],[-96.515912,33.787795],[-96.516584,33.803168],[-96.526655,33.820891],[-96.572937,33.819098],[-96.62929,33.845488],[-96.629747,33.850866],[-96.61197,33.869016],[-96.590112,33.880665],[-96.58536,33.888948],[-96.587934,33.894784],[-96.628294,33.894477],[-96.659896,33.916666],[-96.667187,33.91694],[-96.673449,33.912278],[-96.680947,33.896204],[-96.684727,33.862905],[-96.699574,33.839049],[-96.712422,33.831633],[-96.761588,33.824406],[-96.770676,33.829621],[-96.783485,33.863534],[-96.794276,33.868886],[-96.832157,33.874835],[-96.839778,33.868396],[-96.841592,33.852894],[-96.850593,33.847211],[-96.875281,33.860505],[-96.88301,33.868019],[-96.895728,33.896414],[-96.902434,33.942018],[-96.9163,33.957798],[-96.922114,33.959579],[-96.932252,33.955688],[-96.972542,33.935795],[-96.979818,33.941588],[-96.979347,33.95513],[-96.987892,33.954671],[-96.994288,33.949206],[-96.996183,33.941728],[-96.984939,33.904866],[-96.985567,33.886522],[-97.023899,33.844213],[-97.041245,33.837761],[-97.055416,33.841202],[-97.058623,33.837728],[-97.055148,33.825701],[-97.058623,33.818752],[-97.087999,33.808747],[-97.092112,33.804097],[-97.095236,33.794136],[-97.085218,33.765512],[-97.086195,33.743933],[-97.094085,33.730992],[-97.104525,33.722608],[-97.126102,33.716941],[-97.155066,33.724442],[-97.172192,33.737545],[-97.190397,33.781153],[-97.205431,33.801488],[-97.204995,33.81887],[-97.1997,33.827322],[-97.171627,33.835335],[-97.166824,33.840395],[-97.166629,33.847311],[-97.180845,33.895204],[-97.210921,33.916064],[-97.226522,33.914642],[-97.244946,33.903092],[-97.249209,33.875101],[-97.256625,33.863286],[-97.279108,33.864555],[-97.299245,33.880175],[-97.30749,33.878204],[-97.318243,33.865121],[-97.33294,33.87444],[-97.339392,33.86763],[-97.348338,33.843876],[-97.368744,33.821471],[-97.426493,33.819398],[-97.453057,33.828536],[-97.462857,33.841772],[-97.451469,33.87093],[-97.450954,33.891398],[-97.460376,33.903948],[-97.486505,33.916994],[-97.50096,33.919643],[-97.551541,33.897947],[-97.587441,33.902479],[-97.597115,33.917868],[-97.591514,33.9282],[-97.588828,33.951882],[-97.609091,33.968093],[-97.633778,33.981257],[-97.671772,33.99137],[-97.69311,33.983699],[-97.709684,33.954997],[-97.725289,33.941045],[-97.732267,33.936691],[-97.762768,33.934396],[-97.759399,33.91882],[-97.76377,33.914241],[-97.783717,33.91056],[-97.779683,33.899243],[-97.784657,33.890632],[-97.801578,33.885138],[-97.805423,33.877167],[-97.834333,33.857671],[-97.871447,33.849001],[-97.896738,33.857985],[-97.936743,33.879204],[-97.967777,33.88243],[-97.98454,33.900703],[-97.979985,33.911402],[-97.976963,33.912549],[-97.969873,33.905999],[-97.957155,33.914454],[-97.953395,33.936445],[-97.971175,33.937129],[-97.974173,33.942832],[-97.960351,33.951928],[-97.94595,33.988396],[-97.958325,33.990846],[-97.974173,34.006716],[-97.987388,33.999823],[-98.027672,33.993357],[-98.055197,33.995841],[-98.088203,34.005481],[-98.105482,34.031307],[-98.096177,34.044625],[-98.120208,34.072127],[-98.119417,34.084474],[-98.099328,34.104295],[-98.089755,34.128211],[-98.109462,34.154111],[-98.123377,34.15454],[-98.130816,34.150532],[-98.154354,34.122734],[-98.16912,34.114171],[-98.203711,34.117676],[-98.241013,34.133103],[-98.256467,34.129481],[-98.293901,34.13302],[-98.325445,34.151025],[-98.364023,34.157109],[-98.381238,34.149454],[-98.398441,34.128456],[-98.399777,34.099973],[-98.414426,34.085074],[-98.440092,34.084311],[-98.449034,34.073462],[-98.486328,34.062598],[-98.504182,34.072371],[-98.5282,34.094961],[-98.572451,34.145091],[-98.599789,34.160571],[-98.616733,34.156418],[-98.648073,34.164441],[-98.690072,34.133155],[-98.734287,34.135758],[-98.741966,34.12553],[-98.757037,34.124633],[-98.76557,34.136376],[-98.792015,34.143736],[-98.812954,34.158444],[-98.855585,34.161621],[-98.860125,34.149913],[-98.868116,34.149635],[-98.874872,34.155657],[-98.872922,34.166584],[-98.918333,34.181831],[-98.950396,34.21168],[-98.958475,34.213855],[-98.966302,34.201323],[-98.974132,34.203566],[-98.981364,34.217583],[-98.987294,34.221223],[-99.000761,34.217643],[-99.002916,34.208782],[-99.013075,34.203222],[-99.036273,34.206912],[-99.043471,34.198208],[-99.058084,34.200569],[-99.066465,34.208404],[-99.079535,34.211518],[-99.108758,34.203401],[-99.126567,34.203004],[-99.131885,34.207382],[-99.127525,34.213771],[-99.130609,34.219408],[-99.13822,34.219159],[-99.159016,34.20888],[-99.189511,34.214312],[-99.192104,34.216694],[-99.190146,34.22966],[-99.197153,34.244298],[-99.195605,34.280839],[-99.207561,34.283505],[-99.211648,34.292232],[-99.213476,34.310672],[-99.209724,34.324935],[-99.213135,34.340369],[-99.232606,34.34238],[-99.242945,34.372668],[-99.248969,34.375984],[-99.258696,34.372634],[-99.274926,34.384904],[-99.25898,34.391243],[-99.261321,34.403499],[-99.294648,34.415373],[-99.319606,34.408869],[-99.334037,34.427536],[-99.356713,34.442144],[-99.354837,34.449658],[-99.358795,34.455863],[-99.381011,34.456936],[-99.394956,34.442099],[-99.396902,34.418688],[-99.391492,34.405631],[-99.397253,34.377871],[-99.40296,34.373481],[-99.420432,34.380464],[-99.430995,34.373414],[-99.44076,34.374123],[-99.452648,34.388252],[-99.470969,34.396471],[-99.487219,34.397955],[-99.499875,34.409608],[-99.51428,34.414035],[-99.549242,34.412715],[-99.569696,34.418418],[-99.58006,34.416653],[-99.58448,34.407673],[-99.585442,34.388914],[-99.600026,34.374688],[-99.624197,34.373577],[-99.649662,34.379885],[-99.662705,34.37368],[-99.678283,34.379799],[-99.696462,34.381036],[-99.712682,34.390928],[-99.720259,34.406295],[-99.767234,34.430502],[-99.764882,34.435266],[-99.775743,34.444225],[-99.782986,34.444364],[-99.814313,34.476204],[-99.825325,34.497596],[-99.853066,34.511593],[-99.887147,34.549047],[-99.915771,34.565975],[-99.923211,34.574552],[-99.954567,34.578195],[-99.971555,34.562179],[-100.000381,34.560509],[-100.000406,36.499702],[-103.002434,36.500397],[-103.002199,37.000104],[-105.029228,36.992729],[-105.447255,36.996017],[-106.869796,36.992426],[-106.877292,37.000139],[-109.045223,36.999084],[-109.041762,38.16469],[-109.060062,38.275489],[-109.059541,38.719888],[-109.051512,39.126095],[-109.050076,41.000659],[-107.000606,41.003444],[-106.439563,41.001978],[-106.190554,40.997607]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Colorado\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"4","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9244e4b08c986b319dd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, Leigh C.","contributorId":39379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Leigh","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wenger, L.M.","contributorId":46216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wenger","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ging, T.","contributorId":88483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ging","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blount, C.W.","contributorId":63944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blount","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70171085,"text":"70171085 - 1983 - Ground-water contamination by organic bases derived from coal-tar wastes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T10:52:20","indexId":"70171085","displayToPublicDate":"1983-06-01T17:30:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-water contamination by organic bases derived from coal-tar wastes","docAbstract":"<p><span>A fluid sample from a shallow aquifer contaminated by coal-tar wastes was analyzed for organic bases. The sample consisted of a mixture of aqueous and oily-tar phases. The phases were separated by centrifugation and filtration. Organic bases were isolated from each phase by pH adjustment and solvent extraction. Organic bases in the oily-tar phase were further purified by neutral-alumina, micro-column adsorption chromatography. Separation and identification of the organic bases in each phase were achieved by using capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-computer (GC-MS-COM) and probe distillation-high resolution mass spectrometry (PD-HRMS) techniques. Organic bases present in the aqueous phase included primary aromatic amines (such as aniline, alkylated anilines, and naphthylamines) as well as azaarenes (such as alkylated pyridines, quinolines, acridine, and benzoquinolines). The oily-tar phase contained acridine, benzacridines, dibenzacridines, and numerous other azaarenes, the elemental compositions of which were determined by PD-HRMS. Azaarenes in the oily-tar phase, varying in size from 6 to 12 rings, are reported for the first time. The origin and environmental significance of these compounds are discussed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620020304","usgsCitation":"Pereira, W.E., Rostad, C.E., Garbarino, J.R., and Hult, M.F., 1983, Ground-water contamination by organic bases derived from coal-tar wastes: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 2, no. 3, p. 283-294, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620020304.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"283","endPage":"294","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321396,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1983-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"573d9231e4b0dae0d5e5830f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pereira, Wilfred E.","contributorId":95552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pereira","given":"Wilfred","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rostad, Colleen E. cerostad@usgs.gov","contributorId":833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"Colleen","email":"cerostad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":629798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garbarino, John R. jrgarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garbarino","given":"John","email":"jrgarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hult, Marc F.","contributorId":18344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hult","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}