{"pageNumber":"5253","pageRowStart":"131300","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70011287,"text":"70011287 - 1983 - Triggered reverse fault and earthquake due to crustal unloading, northwest Transverse Ranges, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-31T01:34:02.961648","indexId":"70011287","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Triggered reverse fault and earthquake due to crustal unloading, northwest Transverse Ranges, California","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15568209\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>A reverse-right-oblique surface rupture, associated with a M<sub>L</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>2.5 earthquake, formed in a diatomite quarry near Lompoc, California, in the northwesternmost Transverse Ranges on April 7, 1981. The 575-m-long narrow zone of ruptures formed in clay interbeds in diatomite and diatomaceous shale of the Neogene Monterey Formation. The ruptures parallel bedding, dip 39°–59°S, and trend about N84°E on the north limb of an open symmetrical syncline. Maximum net slip was 25 cm; maximum reverse dip slip was 23 cm, maximum right-lateral strike slip was about 9 cm, and average net slip was about 12 cm. The seismic moment of the earthquake is estimated at 1 to 2 × 10<sup>18</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>dyne/cm and the static stress drop at about 3 bar. The removal of an average of about 44 m of diatomite resulted in an average load reduction of about 5 bar, which decreased the normal stress by about 3.5 bar and increased the shear stress on the tilted bedding plane by about 2 bar. The April 7,1981, event was a very shallow bedding-plane rupture, apparently triggered by crustal unloading.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1983)11<287:TRFAED>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Yerkes, R.F., Ellsworth, W., and Tinsley, J.C., 1983, Triggered reverse fault and earthquake due to crustal unloading, northwest Transverse Ranges, California: Geology, v. 11, no. 5, p. 287-291, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1983)11<287:TRFAED>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"291","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221162,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb851e4b08c986b3277c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yerkes, R. F.","contributorId":24754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yerkes","given":"R.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellsworth, W.L.","contributorId":48541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tinsley, J. C.","contributorId":65827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinsley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70011584,"text":"70011584 - 1983 - Crustal structure of the northern mississippi embayment and a comparison with other continental rift zones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-08T13:20:13.877949","indexId":"70011584","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal structure of the northern mississippi embayment and a comparison with other continental rift zones","docAbstract":"<p>Previous geological and geophysical investigations have suggested that the Mississippi Embayment is the site of a Late Precambrian continental rift that was reactivated in the Mesozoic. New information on the deep structure of the northern Mississippi Embayment, gained through an extensive seismic refraction survey, supports a rifting hypothesis. The data indicate that the crust of the Mississippi Embayment may be characterized by six primary layers that correspond geologically to unconsolidated Mesozoic and Tertiary sediments (1.8 km/s), Paleozoic carbonate and clastic sedimentary rocks (5.9 km/s), a low-velocity layer of Early Paleozoic sediments (4.9 km/s), crystalline upper crust (6.2 km/s), lower crust (6.6 km/s), modified lower crust (7.3 km/s), and mantle. Average crustal thickness is approximately 41 km. The presence and configuration of the low-velocity layer provide new evidence for rifting in the Mississippi Embayment. The layer lies within the northeast-trending upper-crustal graben reported by Kane et al. (1981), and probably represents marine shales deposited in the graben after rifting. The confirmation and delineation of a 7.3 km/s layer, identified in previous studies, implies that the lower crust has been altered by injection of mantle material. Our results indicate that this layer reaches a maximum thickness in the north-central Embayment and thins gradually to the southeast and northwest, and more rapidly to the southwest along the axis of the graben. The apparent doming of the 7.3 km/s layer in the north-central Embayment suggests that rifting may be the result of a triple junction located in the Reelfoot Basin area. The crustal structure of the Mississippi Embayment is compared to other continental rifts: the Rhinegraben, Limagnegraben, Rio Grande Rift, Gregory Rift, and the Salton Trough. This comparison suggests that alteration of the lower crust is a ubiquitous feature of continental rifts.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(83)90023-9","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Mooney, W.D., Andrews, M., Ginzburg, A., Peters, D., and Hamilton, R.M., 1983, Crustal structure of the northern mississippi embayment and a comparison with other continental rift zones: Tectonophysics, v. 94, no. 1-4, p. 327-348, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(83)90023-9.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"327","endPage":"348","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221534,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi embayment","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.603515625,\n              28.9600886880068\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.62695312499999,\n              28.9600886880068\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.62695312499999,\n              38.03078569382294\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.603515625,\n              38.03078569382294\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.603515625,\n              28.9600886880068\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"94","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcefe4b0c8380cd4e51d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":361465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, M.C.","contributorId":62602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ginzburg, A.","contributorId":78472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginzburg","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peters, D.A.","contributorId":33845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hamilton, R. M.","contributorId":69995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"R.","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70011583,"text":"70011583 - 1983 - A reconnaissance geochemical study of La Primavera geothermal area, Jalisco, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:04","indexId":"70011583","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A reconnaissance geochemical study of La Primavera geothermal area, Jalisco, Mexico","docAbstract":"The Sierra La Primavera, a late Pleistocene rhyolitic caldera complex in Jalisco, Me??xico, contains fumaroles and large-discharge 65??C hot springs that are associated with faults related to caldera collapse and to later magma insurgence. The nearly-neutral, sodium bicarbonate, hot springs occur at low elevations at the margins of the complex, whereas the water-rich fumaroles are high and central. The Comisio??n Federal de Electricidad de Me??xico (CFE) has recently drilled two deep holes at the center of the Sierra (PR-1 and Pr-2) and one deep hole at the western margin. Temperatures as high as 285??C were encountered at 1160 m in PR-1, which produced fluids with 820 to 865 mg/kg chloride after flashing to one atmosphere. Nearby, PR-2 encountered temperatures to 307??C at 2000 m and yielded fluids with chloride contents fluctuating between 1100 and 1560 mg/kg after flashing. Neither of the high-temperature wells produced steam in commercial quantities. The well at the western margin of the Sierra produced fluids similar to those from the hot springs. The temperature reached a maximum of 100??C near the surface and decreased to 80??C at 2000 m. Various geothermometers (quartz conductive, Na/K, Na-K-Ca, ??18O(SO4-H2O) and D/H (steam-water) all yield temperatures of 170 ?? 20??C when applied to the hot spring waters, suggesting that these spring waters flow from a large shallow reservoir at this temperature. Because the hot springs are much less saline than the fluids recovered in PR-1 and PR-2, the mixed fluid in the shallow reservoir can contain no more than 10-20% deep fluid. This requires that most of the heat is transferred by steam. There is probably a thin vapor-dominated zone in the central part of the Sierra, through which steam and gases are transferred to the overlying shallow reservoir. Fluids from this reservoir cool from ???170??C to 65??C by conduction during the 5-7 km of lateral flow to the hot springs. ?? 1983.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Mahood, G., Truesdell, A., and Templos, M., 1983, A reconnaissance geochemical study of La Primavera geothermal area, Jalisco, Mexico: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 16, no. 3-4, p. 247-261.","startPage":"247","endPage":"261","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221533,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e532e4b0c8380cd46bda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahood, G.A.","contributorId":81637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahood","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Truesdell, A.H.","contributorId":52566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Truesdell","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address:  TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":361459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Templos, M.L.A.","contributorId":67656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Templos","given":"M.L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70011286,"text":"70011286 - 1983 - Geophysical Logging in Carbonate Aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-21T12:20:47.503248","indexId":"70011286","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical Logging in Carbonate Aquifers","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Some logging methods are inherently superior to others for the analysis of limestone and dolomite aquifers. Three such systems are the density, neutron, and acousticvelocity logs.</p><p>Relative percentages of limestone and dolomite, average matrix (grain) densities of the rock mixtures, and porosity of the rock mass can be calculated from density, neutron, and acoustic-velocity logs. Wells drilled before the 1960's generally were logged with an uncalibrated neutron tool. In some instances, the resultant curve can be empirically calibrated.</p><p>With supporting data from resistivity logs, apparent water resistivity (Rwa) can be estimated. Depending on rock and mud resistivities, the two most useful resistivity curves for water-quality studies are the deeply-focused laterolog and the induction log. For older wells, the standard electric log may be used, if the drilling mud is not salt-saturated.</p><p>Rwa contour maps derived from geophysical data are useful to outline areas of recharge, direction of probable ground-water flow, and location and salinity of brine areas. Another useful application of well logs is estimation of ground-water temperature. These temperatures are obtained from maximum-reading thermometer data that generally are recorded on each logging run. Maps of porosity can be used to outline potential areas for completing large-yield wells.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1983.tb00733.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"MacCary, L., 1983, Geophysical Logging in Carbonate Aquifers: Groundwater, v. 21, no. 3, p. 334-342, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1983.tb00733.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"334","endPage":"342","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221105,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a283ee4b0c8380cd59f64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacCary, L.M.","contributorId":13200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacCary","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70011285,"text":"70011285 - 1983 - Birdseyes, fenestrae, shrinkage pores, and loferites: a reevaluation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-21T23:35:06.621682","indexId":"70011285","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Birdseyes, fenestrae, shrinkage pores, and loferites: a reevaluation","docAbstract":"<div><div id=\"12458812\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Birdseyes, birdseye limestone, fenestrae, fenestral fabric, shrinkage pores, and loferites are considered similar or synonymous when occurring in lime mudstone or syndepositional dolomite, especially in association with mudcracks and stromatolites. Compaction experiments indicate, however, that without early cementation, these vugs can be obliterated, whereas mudcracks and stromatolites are unchanged. Lumping of burrows and root tubes under the general terms birdseyes or fenestrae, such as for example tubular fenestrae, burrow fenestrae, or root-tube fenestrae, is discouraged. They should be called burrows or root tubes because the birdseyes, fenestrae, and shrinkage pores are so intimately associated with tidal flats to most geologists. Submarine cementation of pelletal and oolitic botryoidal grainstone under 5 to 6 m of water on the Bahama Banks has resulted in vugs provocatively similar to many birdseyes and fenestrae generally attributed to peritidal conditions in the literature. Birdseyes and fenestrae in ancient grainstones cannot therefore be reliably identified without consideration of the sedimentary sequence and associated sedimentary structures.--Modified journal abstract.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"SEPM","doi":"10.1306/212F8247-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","issn":"00224472","usgsCitation":"Shinn, E., 1983, Birdseyes, fenestrae, shrinkage pores, and loferites: a reevaluation: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 53, no. 2, p. 619-628, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F8247-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"619","endPage":"628","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221104,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1cee4b0c8380cd4ae25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shinn, E.A.","contributorId":38610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinn","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70011226,"text":"70011226 - 1983 - Old Crow tephra: A new late Pleistocene stratigraphic marker across north-central Alaska and western Yukon Territory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-26T15:50:32","indexId":"70011226","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Old Crow tephra: A new late Pleistocene stratigraphic marker across north-central Alaska and western Yukon Territory","docAbstract":"Old Crow tephra is the first extensive Pleistocene tephra unit to be documented in the northwestern part of North America. It has a calc-alkaline dacitic composition with abundant pyroxene, plagioclase, and FeTi oxides, and minor hornblende, biotite, apatite, and zircon. Thin, clear, bubble-wall fragments are the dominant type of glass shard. This tephra can be recognized by its glass and phenocryst compositions, as determined by X-ray fluorescence, microprobe, and instrumental neutron activation techniques. It has an age between the limits of 60,000 and 120,000 yr, set by 14C and fission-track measurements, respectively. Old Crow tephra has been recognized in the Koyukuk Basin and Fairbanks region of Alaska, and in the Old Crow Lowlands of the northern Yukon Territory, some 600 km to the east-northeast. The source vent is unknown, but these occurrences, considered in relation to the distant locations of potential Quaternary volcanic sources, demonstrate the widespread distribution of this tephra and underscore its importance as a regional stratigraphic marker. ?? 1983.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(83)90026-1","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Westgate, J., Hamilton, T.D., and Gorton, M., 1983, Old Crow tephra: A new late Pleistocene stratigraphic marker across north-central Alaska and western Yukon Territory: Quaternary Research, v. 19, no. 1, p. 38-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(83)90026-1.","startPage":"38","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266558,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(83)90026-1"},{"id":220966,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6d53e4b0c8380cd7508f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Westgate, J.A.","contributorId":63164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westgate","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamilton, T. D.","contributorId":36921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gorton, M.P.","contributorId":81635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorton","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70011217,"text":"70011217 - 1983 - Distribution, abundance and carbon isotopic composition of gaseous hydrocarbons in Big Soda Lake, Nevada: An alkaline, meromictic lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-19T16:08:20.390633","indexId":"70011217","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution, abundance and carbon isotopic composition of gaseous hydrocarbons in Big Soda Lake, Nevada: An alkaline, meromictic lake","docAbstract":"<p><span>Distribution and isotopic composition (δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C) of low molecular weight hydrocarbon gases were studied in Big Soda Lake (depth = 64 m), an alkaline, meromictic lake with permanently anoxic bottom waters. Methane increased with depth in the anoxic mixolimnion (depth = 20–35 m), reached uniform concentrations (55 μM/l) in the monimolimnion (35–64 m) and again increased with depth in monimolimnion bottom sediments (&gt;400 μM/kg below 1 m sub-bottom depth). The&nbsp;</span><i>μ</i><sup>13</sup><i>C</i><span>[</span><i>CH</i><sub>4</sub><span>] values in bottom sediment below 1 m sub-bottom depth (&lt;−70 per mil) increased with vertical distance up the core (</span><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup><i>C</i><span>[</span><i>CH</i><sub>4</sub><span>] = −55 per mil at sediment surface). Monimolimnion&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup><i>C</i><span>[</span><i>CH</i><sub>4</sub><span>] values (−55 to −61 per mil) were greater than most&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup><i>C</i><span>[</span><i>CH</i><sub>4</sub><span>] values found in the anoxic mixolimnion (92% of samples had&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup><i>C</i><span>[</span><i>CH</i><sub>4</sub><span>] values between −20 and −48 per mil). No significant concentrations of ethylene or propylene were found in the lake. However ethane, propane, isobutane and&nbsp;</span><i>n</i><span>-butane concentrations all increased with water column depth, with respective maximum concentrations of 260, 80, 23 and 22 nM/l encountered between 50–60 m depth. Concentrations of ethane, propane and butanes decreased with depth in the bottom sediments. Ratios of&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>CH</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>4</mn></msub><mtext>[C</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mtext>H</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>6</mn></msub><mtext>+ C</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mtext>H</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>8</mn></msub><mtext>]</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">CH<sub>4</sub>[C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>+ C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>]</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;were high (250–620) in the anoxic mixolimnion, decreased to ~161 in the monimolimnion and increased with depth in the sediment to values as high as 1736. We concluded that methane has a biogenic origin in both the sediments and the anoxic water column and that C</span><sub>2</sub><span>-C</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;alkanes have biogenic origins in the monimolimnion water and shallow sediments. The changes observed in&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup><i>C</i><span>[</span><i>CH</i><sub>4</sub><span>] and&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>CH</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>4</mn></msub><mtext>(C</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mtext>H</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>6</mn></msub><mtext>+ C</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mtext>H</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>8</mn></msub><mtext>)</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">CH<sub>4</sub>(C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>+ C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>)</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;with depth in the water column and sediments are probably caused by bacteria] processes. These might include anaerobic methane oxidation and different rates of methanogenesis and C</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;to C</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;alkane production by microorganisms.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(83)90035-2","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Oremland, R., and Des Marais, D., 1983, Distribution, abundance and carbon isotopic composition of gaseous hydrocarbons in Big Soda Lake, Nevada: An alkaline, meromictic lake: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 47, no. 12, p. 2107-2114, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(83)90035-2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2107","endPage":"2114","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220823,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0319e4b0c8380cd50337","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Des Marais, D.J.","contributorId":84075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Des Marais","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70011284,"text":"70011284 - 1983 - DIGITAL GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE UNITED STATES.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:33","indexId":"70011284","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"DIGITAL GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE UNITED STATES.","docAbstract":"The geologic map of the United States was published in 1974 by the U. S. Geological Survey. This major publication contains an enormous amount of information on the surficial geology of the United States. Many geologists have used this map as a research tool. Most have needed information from only specific parts of the map, and have manually extracted data from these areas. These data have then been combined with other geological information, much of which - especially that concerning minerals and energy - either is already in machine-readable computer files or is rapidly being converted to that form.","largerWorkTitle":"Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping","conferenceTitle":"Technical Papers of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the American Congress on Surveying and Mapping.","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"American Congress on Surveying & Mapping","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA, USA","usgsCitation":"Fulton, P., 1983, DIGITAL GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE UNITED STATES., <i>in</i> Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping, Washington, DC, USA, p. 165-174.","startPage":"165","endPage":"174","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221103,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd47e4b0c8380cd4e738","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fulton, Patricia","contributorId":104890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulton","given":"Patricia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70011219,"text":"70011219 - 1983 - Plutonic rocks of Jurassic age in the Alaska-Aleutian Range batholith: Ghemical variation and polarity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-04T01:33:21.749373","indexId":"70011219","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plutonic rocks of Jurassic age in the Alaska-Aleutian Range batholith: Ghemical variation and polarity","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15275161\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Plutonic rocks of Jurassic age exposed on the eastern, or Pacific, side of the Alaska–Aleutian Range batholith represent the roots of a magmatic arc generally considered to have been generated in response to northwest-directed subduction. These rocks form a compositionally continuous calc-alkaline suite that ranges from hornblende gabbro through quartz monzonite. Tonalite and quartz diorite are the dominant rock types.</p><p>Trend-surface analysis was used to examine the geographic variation of major oxides and a few simple oxide ratios for 102 samples from widely separated localities. Statistical tests indicate that most of the trends, although weak, are real. The direction of slope of the trends is approximately normal to the Jurassic magmatic arc K<sub>2</sub>O and SiO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>increase toward the east-southeast; the other oxides increase toward the west-northwest. The K<sub>2</sub>O trend accounts for about 19% of the variance in the data and is significant at &gt; 99.9% level of confidence.</p><p>If the chemical trends reflect the approximate geometry of a paleosubduction zone, the polarity of the Jurassic magmatic arc is to the northwest. That is, the paleosubduction zone was on the northwest side of the arc, and subduction was directed toward the southeast. The paleosubduction zone is on the opposite side of the arc from the position that has generally been assumed, indicating that the Jurassic plutonic rocks were not generated in response to classical Andean-type convergent plate margins. The magmatic arc may have formed in an intra-ocean environment, and subsequently has been rafted northward and accreted to this part of the northern Pacific rim during the late Mesozoic. Middle and Upper Jurassic clastic sediments underlying Cook Inlet to the southeast, and derived from the magmatic arc, are classified as backarc deposits, rather than as an arc-trench gap sequence.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1983)94<1232:PROJAI>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Reed, B., Miesch, A., and Lanphere, M.A., 1983, Plutonic rocks of Jurassic age in the Alaska-Aleutian Range batholith: Ghemical variation and polarity: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 94, no. 10, p. 1232-1240, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1983)94<1232:PROJAI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1232","endPage":"1240","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220886,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7c99e4b0c8380cd79a8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, B.I.","contributorId":103004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"B.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miesch, A.T.","contributorId":88726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miesch","given":"A.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lanphere, M. A.","contributorId":35298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70011222,"text":"70011222 - 1983 - Overlapping spreading centres on east pacific rise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T15:13:16","indexId":"70011222","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Overlapping spreading centres on east pacific rise","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/303549a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Schouten, H., and Klitgord, K.D., 1983, Overlapping spreading centres on east pacific rise: Nature, v. 303, no. 5917, p. 549-550, https://doi.org/10.1038/303549a0.","startPage":"549","endPage":"550","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220889,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205071,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/303549a0"}],"volume":"303","issue":"5917","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1983-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a71d9e4b0c8380cd767c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schouten, Hans","contributorId":86892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schouten","given":"Hans","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klitgord, Kim D.","contributorId":82307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klitgord","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":360601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70011223,"text":"70011223 - 1983 - Seasonal changes in the chemistry and biology of a meromictic lake (Big Soda Lake, Nevada, U.S.A.)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:27","indexId":"70011223","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal changes in the chemistry and biology of a meromictic lake (Big Soda Lake, Nevada, U.S.A.)","docAbstract":"Big Soda Lake is an alkaline, saline lake with a permanent chemocline at 34.5 m and a mixolimnion that undergoes seasonal changes in temperature structure. During the period of thermal stratification, from summer through fall, the epilimnion has low concentrations of dissolved inorganic nutrients (N, Si) and CH4, and low biomass of phytoplankton (chlorophyll a ca. 1 mgm -3). Dissolved oxygen disappears near the compensation depth for algal photosynthesis (ca. 20 m). Surface water is transparent so that light is present in the anoxic hypolimnion, and a dense plate of purple sulfur photosynthetic bacteria (Ectothiorhodospira vacuolata) is present just below 20 m (Bchl a ca. 200 mgm-3). Concentrations of N H4+, Si, and CH4 are higher in the hypolimnion than in the epilimnion. As the mixolimnion becomes isothermal in winter, oxygen is mixed down to 28 m. Nutrients (NH4+, Si) and CH4 are released from the hypolimnion and mix to the surface, and a diatom bloom develops in the upper 20 m (chlorophyll a > 40 mgm-3). The deeper mixing of oxygen and enhanced light attenuation by phytoplankton uncouple the anoxic zone and photic zone, and the plate of photosynthetic bacteria disappears (Bchl a ca.10mgm-3). Hence, seasonal changes in temperature distribution and mixing create conditions such that the primary producer community is alternately dominated by phytoplankton and photosynthetic bacteria: the phytoplankton may be nutrient-limited during periods of stratification and the photosynthetic bacteria are light-limited during periods of mixing. ?? 1983 Dr W. Junk Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00025188","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J., Cole, B., and Oremland, R., 1983, Seasonal changes in the chemistry and biology of a meromictic lake (Big Soda Lake, Nevada, U.S.A.): Hydrobiologia, v. 105, no. 1, p. 195-206, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00025188.","startPage":"195","endPage":"206","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205072,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025188"},{"id":220890,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8886e4b08c986b3169fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, B.E.","contributorId":66268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70011329,"text":"70011329 - 1983 - T-XCO2 stability relations and phase equilibria of a calcic carbonate scapolite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-19T15:44:44.210458","indexId":"70011329","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"T-X<sub>CO<sub>2</sub></sub> stability relations and phase equilibria of a calcic carbonate scapolite","title":"T-XCO2 stability relations and phase equilibria of a calcic carbonate scapolite","docAbstract":"<p>At a total pressure of 5 kb, calcic, Cl-free scapolite (Me<sub>83</sub>) is stable relative to plagioclase-bearing assemblages at<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>T &amp;#x2267; 625&amp;#xB0;C</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">T ≧ 625°C</span></span></span>,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>X</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn><mtext>CO</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mn></msub><mtext>&amp;#x2267; 0.12</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">X<sub>CO2</sub>≧ 0.12</span></span></span>. With decreasing temperature, scapolite breaks down to plagioclase + calcite. Scapolite is replaced by plagioclase + grossular + cancrinite + CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>in the presence of H<sub>2</sub>O-rich fluids. The stable coexistence of scapolite and calcite, an assemblage typical of most natural occurrences of calcic scapolite, is limited by the reaction: scapolite + calcite → grossular + cancrinite + CO<sub>2</sub>, which occurs at 750°C,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>X</i><sub><i>CO</i>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.46; 700°C,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>X</i><sub><i>CO</i>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.33; 650°C,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>X</i><sub><i>CO</i>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.18, for the chosen bulk composition.</p><p>Generalization of the experimental results to encompass the complete range of fully carbonated scapolite compositions indicates that mizzonite (Me<sub>75</sub>) has the largest<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i>-<i>X</i><sub><i>CO</i>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>stability field. For scapolite more calcic than mizzonite, stable growth is restricted to conditions of increasingly higher temperature and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>X</i><sub><i>CO</i>2</sub>.</p><p>The experimental results are consistent with various petrologic features of scapolite-bearing rocks, particularly scapolite-clinopyroxene granulites, and indicate that such rocks were formed in the presence of CO<sub>2</sub>-rich fluids.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(83)90258-2","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Aitken, B., 1983, T-XCO2 stability relations and phase equilibria of a calcic carbonate scapolite: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 47, no. 3, p. 351-362, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(83)90258-2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"351","endPage":"362","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221748,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba379e4b08c986b31fcfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aitken, B.G.","contributorId":33058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aitken","given":"B.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70011629,"text":"70011629 - 1983 - Recent geologic development of Lake Michigan (U.S.A.)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:27","indexId":"70011629","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent geologic development of Lake Michigan (U.S.A.)","docAbstract":"The stresses placed on Lake Michigan since the advent of industrialization require knowledge of the sedimentology of the whole lake in order to make informed decisions for environmental planning. Sediment accumulation rates are low: areas of the lake receiving the most sediment average only 1 mm a-1; deep-water basins average 0.1 to 0.5 mm a-1; and large areas are not receiving any sediment. Sediment was deposited rapidly (typically 5 mm a-1), in the form of rock flour, during the deglaciation of both Lake Michigan and Lake Superior Basins. Then the rate of accumulation decreased by 80-90% and has remained relatively constant since final deglaciation. Because active sedimentation occurs mostly in the deep water areas of the lake, the sediment remains undisturbed and contains a record of the chemical history of the lake. ?? 1983 Dr W. Junk Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00028451","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Gross, D., and Cahill, R., 1983, Recent geologic development of Lake Michigan (U.S.A.): Hydrobiologia, v. 103, no. 1, p. 193-198, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00028451.","startPage":"193","endPage":"198","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205088,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028451"}],"volume":"103","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a961ee4b0c8380cd81df2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gross, D.L.","contributorId":72929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cahill, R.A.","contributorId":66393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahill","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70011330,"text":"70011330 - 1983 - High paleointensities of the geomagnetic field from thermomagnetic studies on rift valley pillow basalts from the Mid- Atlantic Ridge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-28T16:41:45.021801","indexId":"70011330","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High paleointensities of the geomagnetic field from thermomagnetic studies on rift valley pillow basalts from the Mid- Atlantic Ridge","docAbstract":"<div class=\" metis-abstract\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Nineteen pillow basalts dredged within the rift valley of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at36.8°N were studied by the Thellier stepwise heating method in order to determine the paleointensity of the geomagnetic field when they erupted on to the sea floor. Previously reported fission track ages are 2,000 to 6,000 years for the youngest rocks (mainly olivine basalts) and 10,000 to 100,000 years for the others (mainly plagioclase basalts and pyroxene basalts). All but three pillow basalts meet the conditions commonly considered as indicative of quite reliable paleointensity estimates: stability of the direction of NRM during its thermal demagnetization, constant ratio of NRM/TRM (natural remanent magnetization to thermoremanent magnetization) over 50% or more of the original NRM intensity (80 to 94% for 11 specimens), and reproducibility of low-temperature partial TRM (PTRM). However, strong field thermomagnetic measurements indicate that 11 of these 16 samples display a significant increase in Curie temperature (15 to 80°C) during the paleointensity experiments below 250°C, notwithstanding the linearity of the NRM-TRM plot in this temperature interval. This alteration, probably due to low-temperature oxidation of the specimens, seems typical of young pillow basalts and may result in paleointensity estimates which are too high. This result shows that excellence of remanence tests (NRM-TRM linearity and PTRM stability) does not ensure the absence of chemical changes during the Thellier experiments and therefore the validity of the paleointensity obtained. The assumption that reliable paleointensities are obtained when the Curie point increase is 10°C or less led to the selection of five of our specimens, all from the youngest group. Their mean paleointensity is 64.2±20.5 μT (standard deviation) and the corresponding virtual axial dipole moment (VADM) is 11.5±3.7× 10<sup>22</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>A m<sup>2</sup>. Given the variations of the VADM of the Earth's magnetic field over the last 6,000 years, as established from archeomagnetic studies, our paleointensity results suggest that the latest eruptions on the inner floor of the Rift Valley at 36.8°N occurred 1,500±1,000 years ago.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB088iB03p02316","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Prevot, M., Mankinen, E., Gromme, S., and Lecaille, A., 1983, High paleointensities of the geomagnetic field from thermomagnetic studies on rift valley pillow basalts from the Mid- Atlantic Ridge: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 88, no. B3, p. 2316-2326, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB088iB03p02316.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2316","endPage":"2326","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220698,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"B3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30c1e4b0c8380cd5d904","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prevot, M.","contributorId":75679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prevot","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mankinen, E. A. 0000-0001-7496-2681","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-2681","contributorId":31786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankinen","given":"E. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gromme, S.","contributorId":21277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gromme","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lecaille, A.","contributorId":49924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lecaille","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70011280,"text":"70011280 - 1983 - Remote detection of metal anomalies on Pilot Mountain, Randolph County, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-11T16:57:26.107048","indexId":"70011280","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote detection of metal anomalies on Pilot Mountain, Randolph County, North Carolina","docAbstract":"<p><span>Pilot Mountain, a hydrothermally altered monadnock within the Carolina slate belt, contains areas of anomalously high amounts of Cu, Mo, and Sn in the soils. Leaves of canopy trees in the mineralized zone also contain more copper than trees in a nearby control area. Spectral data were processed using a wave-form analysis technique to minimize background noise caused by canopy variations and slope effects. Areas of spectral changes in the chlorophyll absorption region seem to correlate well with areas containing anomalous metals.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.78.4.605","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Milton, N., Collins, W., Chang, S., and Schmidt, R.G., 1983, Remote detection of metal anomalies on Pilot Mountain, Randolph County, North Carolina: Economic Geology, v. 78, no. 4, p. 605-617, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.78.4.605.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"605","endPage":"617","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221037,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1983-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa6e9e4b0c8380cd850f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milton, N.M.","contributorId":29415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milton","given":"N.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collins, W.","contributorId":29359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chang, Sheng-Huei","contributorId":10155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"Sheng-Huei","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmidt, R. G.","contributorId":107690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70011320,"text":"70011320 - 1983 - The contribution of humic substances to the acidity of colored natural waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-19T16:05:18.963199","indexId":"70011320","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The contribution of humic substances to the acidity of colored natural waters","docAbstract":"<p><span>An operationally defined carboxyl content of humic substances extracted from rivers, streams, lakes, wetlands, and groundwaters throughout the United States and Canada is reported. Despite the diversity of the samples, only small variations were observed in this humic carboxyl content. The dissociation behavior of two combined fulvic/humic acid extracts was studied and it was found that the dissociation of the humics varied in a predictable manner with pH. Using a carboxyl content of 10 μeq/ mg humic organic carbon, and mass action quotient calculated from sample pH, the ionic balances of three highly colored Nova Scotia rivers were estimated.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(83)90218-1","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Oliver, B., Thurman, E., and Malcolm, R., 1983, The contribution of humic substances to the acidity of colored natural waters: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 47, no. 11, p. 2031-2035, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(83)90218-1.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"2031","endPage":"2035","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221581,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa5de4b08c986b3227f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oliver, B.G.","contributorId":45834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliver","given":"B.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malcolm, Ronald L.","contributorId":46075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malcolm","given":"Ronald L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70011332,"text":"70011332 - 1983 - Snow and ice in a changing hydrological world","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-22T16:20:10.42955","indexId":"70011332","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1927,"text":"Hydrological Sciences Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Snow and ice in a changing hydrological world","docAbstract":"<p><span>On the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences, the 100th and 50th anniversaries of the First and Second International Polar Years, and the 25th anniversary of the International Geophysical Year, it seems appropriate to re-examine the world's water balance and the role of snow and ice in the global hydrological climatic system. Snow cover on land (especially in the Northern Hemisphere) and sea ice (especially in the Southern Hemisphere) vary seasonally, and this seasonal change has an important effect on the world climate because snow and sea ice reflect solar radiation efficiently and affect other heat flow processes between atmosphere and land or ocean. Glaciers, including ice sheets, store most of the fresh water on Earth, but change dimensions relatively slowly. There is no clear evidence that the glacier ice volume currently is declining, but more needs to be known about mountain glacier and ice sheet mass balances. The current rise in sea level poses an enigma: thermal expansion of the oceans may account for half of the present rise, but the other half is unexplained. Although major changes in the large ice sheets take place over time scales of 10</span><sup>4</sup><span>&nbsp;to 10</span><sup>5</sup><span>&nbsp;years, marine ice sheets may be subject to rapid disintegration due to grounding line instability, perhaps accompanied by surging. Ice cores may produce remarkably complete histories of air temperature, precipitation, fallout, and atmospheric composition. A recent core through the Greenland Ice Sheet shows an abrupt transition from glacial to modern climate just over 10000 years ago, suggesting that climate is an “almost intransitive” system. Because of the possibility of abrupt climate transitions and the uncertain stability of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, future climatic variations are difficult to predict. The calculated heating of the atmosphere in the polar regions due to CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;increase is, therefore, of special interest.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02626668309491140","usgsCitation":"Meier, M.F., 1983, Snow and ice in a changing hydrological world: Hydrological Sciences Journal, v. 28, no. 1, p. 3-22, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626668309491140.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"22","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480236,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02626668309491140","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":220700,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b91b1e4b08c986b319a33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meier, M. F.","contributorId":98713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70011322,"text":"70011322 - 1983 - Sequence of mineral assemblages in differentiated granitic pegmatites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-11T16:44:41.7378","indexId":"70011322","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sequence of mineral assemblages in differentiated granitic pegmatites","docAbstract":"<p><span>Revised sequence is (1) plagioclase, quartz, muscovite, (2) plagioclase, quartz, (3) quartz, perthite, plagioclase, (4) perthite, quartz, (5) quartz, plagioclase, perthite, spodumene (or petalite), amblygonite, (6) quartz, spodumene (or petalite), (7) quartz, microcline or perthite, (8) quartz, and (9) lepidolite or lithian mica, plagioclase, quartz, microcline.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.78.5.854","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Norton, J., 1983, Sequence of mineral assemblages in differentiated granitic pegmatites: Economic Geology, v. 78, no. 5, p. 854-874, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.78.5.854.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"854","endPage":"874","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221655,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1983-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d4ae4b08c986b31831e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norton, J.J.","contributorId":25573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norton","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70011324,"text":"70011324 - 1983 - Approximate sampling distribution of the serial correlation coefficient for small samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-07T13:43:06","indexId":"70011324","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Approximate sampling distribution of the serial correlation coefficient for small samples","docAbstract":"<p><span>The probability density function for the sample serial correlation coefficient&nbsp;</span><i>r</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>can be approximated by</span><i>f</i><span>(</span><i>r</i><span>) = (β(½, ½(</span><i>T</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>+ 1)))</span><sup>−1</sup><span>(1 −<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span>)</span><sup>½(<i>T</i>− 1</sup><span>)(1+<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>c</i><sup>2</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>− 2</span><i>cr</i><span>)</span><sup>−½(<i>T</i></sup><span>), whereβ is the Beta function,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>T</i><span>=<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>n</i><span>− 2,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>c</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= ρ − [(1 + ρ)/(</span><i>n</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>− 3)],<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>n</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>is the number of observations, and ρ is the population lag one serial correlation. This distribution is derived from a large Monte Carlo study at points between ρ= −0.9 and ρ = 0.9 and for<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>n</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>=10, 20, and 30.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR019i002p00579","usgsCitation":"Tasker, G.D., 1983, Approximate sampling distribution of the serial correlation coefficient for small samples: Water Resources Research, v. 19, no. 2, p. 579-582, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR019i002p00579.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"579","endPage":"582","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ecffe4b0c8380cd4956c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tasker, Gary D.","contributorId":83097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tasker","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70011299,"text":"70011299 - 1983 - Evidence for dyke intrusion earthquake mechanisms near long valley caldera, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:29","indexId":"70011299","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for dyke intrusion earthquake mechanisms near long valley caldera, California","docAbstract":"A re-analysis of the magnitude 6 earthquakes that occurred near Long Valley caldera in eastern California on 25 and 27 May 1980, suggests that at least two of them, including the largest, were probably caused by fluid injection along nearly vertical surfaces and not by slip on faults. Several investigators 1,2 have reported difficulty in explaining both the long-period surface-wave amplitudes and phases and the locally recorded short-period body-wave first motions from these events, using conventional double-couple (shear fault) source models. They attributed this difficulty to: (1) complex sources, not representable by single-fault models; (2) artefacts of the analysis methods used; or (3) effects of wave propagation through hypothetical structures beneath the caldera. We show here that the data agree well with the predictions for a compensated linear-vector dipole (CLVD) equivalent-force system3 with its principal extensional axis horizontal and trending N 55-65?? E. Such a mechanism is what would be expected for fluid injection into dykes striking N 25-35?? W, which is the approximate strike of numerous normal faults in the area. ?? 1983 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/303323a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Julian, B., 1983, Evidence for dyke intrusion earthquake mechanisms near long valley caldera, California: Nature, v. 303, no. 5915, p. 323-325, https://doi.org/10.1038/303323a0.","startPage":"323","endPage":"325","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205106,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/303323a0"},{"id":221280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"303","issue":"5915","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d3be4b0c8380cd52ebf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Julian, B.R.","contributorId":101272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julian","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70011308,"text":"70011308 - 1983 - Distribution of corticolous noncrustose lichens on trunks of Rocky Mountain junipers in Boulder County, Colorado.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-30T14:17:23.941701","indexId":"70011308","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1087,"text":"Bryologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of corticolous noncrustose lichens on trunks of Rocky Mountain junipers in Boulder County, Colorado.","docAbstract":"Nineteen species of noncrustose lichens were found on Juniperus scopulorum bark; 3 species had relatively high cover and frequency values and were characterized as typical lichens of Rocky Mountain junipers: Xanthoria fallax, Phaeophyscia hirsuta and Physcia caesia. Total cover per tree was low (4%) and most species preferred the N and E sides of trunk bases. These distributional trends may reflect gradients of exposure to wind, insolation, and rate of bark exfoliation. -Author Juniperus scopulorum Phaeophyscia hirsuta Physcia caesia Xanthoria fallax.","language":"English","publisher":"American Bryological and Lichenological Society","doi":"10.2307/3242712","usgsCitation":"Peard, J.L., 1983, Distribution of corticolous noncrustose lichens on trunks of Rocky Mountain junipers in Boulder County, Colorado.: Bryologist, v. 86, no. 3, p. 244-250, https://doi.org/10.2307/3242712.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"244","endPage":"250","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221437,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Boulder County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-105.0558,40.2606],[-105.0552,40.173],[-105.0551,40.0873],[-105.0544,40.0007],[-105.0539,39.9772],[-105.0624,39.9736],[-105.063,39.9734],[-105.0637,39.9731],[-105.0649,39.9726],[-105.0651,39.9725],[-105.0657,39.9723],[-105.0669,39.9716],[-105.068,39.9709],[-105.0684,39.9707],[-105.069,39.9703],[-105.0696,39.9699],[-105.0706,39.969],[-105.0707,39.9689],[-105.0718,39.9679],[-105.072,39.9677],[-105.0736,39.9663],[-105.0738,39.9661],[-105.074,39.9659],[-105.0747,39.9652],[-105.0755,39.9645],[-105.0757,39.9643],[-105.0766,39.9636],[-105.0789,39.9621],[-105.0799,39.9615],[-105.08,39.9615],[-105.0812,39.9611],[-105.0824,39.9608],[-105.0833,39.9606],[-105.0836,39.9605],[-105.0841,39.9604],[-105.0846,39.9603],[-105.0847,39.9603],[-105.0849,39.9603],[-105.0853,39.9602],[-105.0857,39.9602],[-105.0859,39.9602],[-105.0861,39.9601],[-105.0864,39.9601],[-105.0868,39.96],[-105.0871,39.96],[-105.0874,39.96],[-105.0875,39.9598],[-105.0881,39.9598],[-105.0881,39.9584],[-105.0887,39.9584],[-105.0887,39.958],[-105.0882,39.958],[-105.0878,39.9579],[-105.0867,39.9579],[-105.0852,39.9584],[-105.0848,39.9585],[-105.0844,39.9585],[-105.0841,39.9585],[-105.0838,39.9585],[-105.0836,39.9584],[-105.0833,39.9584],[-105.0831,39.9583],[-105.0831,39.9578],[-105.0812,39.9578],[-105.08,39.9578],[-105.0765,39.9577],[-105.072,39.9577],[-105.0719,39.9506],[-105.0719,39.9502],[-105.0746,39.9505],[-105.0766,39.9506],[-105.0766,39.9433],[-105.091,39.9433],[-105.0911,39.9414],[-105.0909,39.9414],[-105.091,39.9401],[-105.091,39.9393],[-105.0909,39.9387],[-105.0909,39.9382],[-105.0909,39.9361],[-105.0944,39.9361],[-105.0976,39.9361],[-105.1,39.9361],[-105.1046,39.9361],[-105.1081,39.9361],[-105.1092,39.9361],[-105.1092,39.9354],[-105.1126,39.9332],[-105.1127,39.9331],[-105.1129,39.9329],[-105.113,39.9328],[-105.1132,39.9326],[-105.1133,39.9324],[-105.1133,39.9322],[-105.1134,39.9319],[-105.1134,39.9317],[-105.1134,39.9315],[-105.1134,39.9313],[-105.1134,39.9311],[-105.1133,39.9309],[-105.1132,39.9307],[-105.1121,39.9285],[-105.112,39.9283],[-105.1118,39.9281],[-105.1116,39.9278],[-105.1114,39.9275],[-105.1112,39.9273],[-105.1109,39.9271],[-105.1094,39.9262],[-105.1094,39.9255],[-105.1105,39.9262],[-105.1109,39.9265],[-105.1118,39.9271],[-105.1128,39.9279],[-105.1137,39.9286],[-105.1143,39.9298],[-105.1144,39.93],[-105.1145,39.9301],[-105.1186,39.933],[-105.1187,39.9333],[-105.1188,39.9338],[-105.1187,39.9342],[-105.1183,39.935],[-105.1183,39.9351],[-105.1184,39.9353],[-105.1186,39.9357],[-105.1186,39.9433],[-105.1094,39.9434],[-105.1094,39.9506],[-105.1205,39.9505],[-105.1208,39.9513],[-105.1197,39.952],[-105.1189,39.9524],[-105.1171,39.9534],[-105.116,39.9539],[-105.1136,39.9548],[-105.1128,39.9551],[-105.1109,39.9557],[-105.1095,39.9561],[-105.1095,39.957],[-105.1106,39.9567],[-105.1116,39.9563],[-105.1132,39.9559],[-105.1133,39.9558],[-105.1144,39.9555],[-105.1156,39.955],[-105.1165,39.9546],[-105.1171,39.9544],[-105.1179,39.9539],[-105.1195,39.9531],[-105.1211,39.9521],[-105.1219,39.9542],[-105.128,39.9542],[-105.1281,39.9433],[-105.1281,39.9396],[-105.1375,39.9397],[-105.1376,39.9361],[-105.1376,39.9288],[-105.147,39.9289],[-105.147,39.9278],[-105.147,39.9252],[-105.1471,39.914],[-105.1464,39.914],[-105.142,39.914],[-105.1377,39.914],[-105.133,39.914],[-105.1283,39.914],[-105.125,39.914],[-105.1217,39.9141],[-105.1189,39.9141],[-105.116,39.9141],[-105.109,39.9142],[-105.1086,39.9141],[-105.1079,39.9137],[-105.1078,39.9136],[-105.1076,39.9135],[-105.1075,39.9135],[-105.1076,39.9134],[-105.1471,39.9132],[-105.1471,39.9139],[-105.1482,39.9137],[-105.1504,39.9132],[-105.1512,39.9132],[-105.1525,39.9132],[-105.1532,39.9132],[-105.1635,39.9131],[-105.1935,39.9128],[-105.2355,39.9127],[-105.2931,39.9125],[-105.3117,39.9122],[-105.3968,39.9117],[-105.3966,39.9326],[-105.4212,39.9309],[-105.426,39.9318],[-105.4296,39.9327],[-105.4362,39.9364],[-105.4398,39.9364],[-105.4584,39.9297],[-105.4638,39.9292],[-105.4728,39.9302],[-105.4968,39.9298],[-105.6089,39.9302],[-105.6743,39.93],[-105.6857,39.9345],[-105.6899,39.9382],[-105.6911,39.9413],[-105.691,39.9432],[-105.6904,39.9491],[-105.6856,39.9536],[-105.6844,39.9567],[-105.6862,39.9631],[-105.6855,39.9654],[-105.6831,39.9717],[-105.6813,39.9853],[-105.6824,39.9907],[-105.6866,39.9976],[-105.6878,40.0012],[-105.6878,40.0057],[-105.686,40.0098],[-105.6823,40.013],[-105.6751,40.0143],[-105.6571,40.0156],[-105.6523,40.0174],[-105.6517,40.0192],[-105.6505,40.0251],[-105.648,40.0278],[-105.6426,40.0337],[-105.6371,40.0432],[-105.6371,40.0446],[-105.6438,40.0473],[-105.6449,40.0491],[-105.6467,40.0528],[-105.6491,40.0573],[-105.6485,40.0614],[-105.643,40.0668],[-105.6352,40.0777],[-105.6346,40.0804],[-105.6363,40.0886],[-105.6357,40.0908],[-105.6333,40.0953],[-105.6327,40.0976],[-105.6339,40.1031],[-105.6338,40.1076],[-105.6332,40.1103],[-105.6266,40.1162],[-10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J. L.","contributorId":66674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peard","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1013675,"text":"1013675 - 1983 - Growth and survival of Atlantic salmon fed semimoist or dry starter diets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-06T15:57:21.780905","indexId":"1013675","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth and survival of Atlantic salmon fed semimoist or dry starter diets","docAbstract":"<p><span>Growth and survival were compared for first‐feeding fry of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed a closed‐formula commercial preparation, BioDiet, or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service high nutrient density diets 398 or 406 for 14 weeks. Growth of fry fed BioDiet for 2, 3, 4, or 6 weeks from first feeding and then fed diet 406 for the rest of the 14‐week study was also examined. Growth was fastest in fish fed exclusively diets 398 or 406 for 14 weeks, or BioDiet for 2 weeks followed by diet 406 for 12 weeks; survival was about 68, 82, and 92% respectively, for these three groups. These results indicate that in Atlantic salmon fry growth was most rapid and survival highest among fish fed BioDiet for the first 2 or 3 weeks followed by diet 406.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1983)45[72:GASOAS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Lemm, C.A., 1983, Growth and survival of Atlantic salmon fed semimoist or dry starter diets: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 45, no. 2, p. 72-75, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1983)45[72:GASOAS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"72","endPage":"75","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129582,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a91e4b07f02db656b0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lemm, C. A.","contributorId":42162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemm","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70011295,"text":"70011295 - 1983 - Simulation of solute transport in a mountain pool-and-riffle stream with a kinetic mass transfer model for sorption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T09:39:40","indexId":"70011295","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of solute transport in a mountain pool-and-riffle stream with a kinetic mass transfer model for sorption","docAbstract":"<p><span>In natural channels there are often long periods of low flow during which solutes have repeated opportunity for contact with relatively immobile bed materials. Such conditions can exist in very small pool-and-riffle mountain streams. If a solute can sorb onto bed materials, then both hydrodynamic and chemical processes control solute transport. A simulation of these processes is presented for a carefully controlled and intensively monitored strontium injection experiment. The numerical model couples nonreactive, transient storage with a kinetic mass transport model for sorption. The results are compared to both in-stream and on-sediment strontium measurements. In mountain streams the stream hydrology is complex and is governed by a wide variety of time and distance scales. The present simulations assist in interpreting the relative roles of hydrologic and sorptive kinetic processes, and indicate the practical limits of our process and parameter knowledge. The simulations are relatively insensitive to the details of the kinetic mechanisms and to the spatial variability of the stream parameters.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR019i003p00732","usgsCitation":"Bencala, K.E., 1983, Simulation of solute transport in a mountain pool-and-riffle stream with a kinetic mass transfer model for sorption: Water Resources Research, v. 19, no. 3, p. 732-738, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR019i003p00732.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"732","endPage":"738","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221226,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9083e4b08c986b319552","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":360765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70011382,"text":"70011382 - 1983 - The use of sagebrush (Artemisia) as a biogeochemical indicator of base-metal deposits in Precambrian rocks of west-central Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-07T16:57:21.457885","indexId":"70011382","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The use of sagebrush (<i>Artemisia</i>) as a biogeochemical indicator of base-metal deposits in Precambrian rocks of west-central Colorado","title":"The use of sagebrush (Artemisia) as a biogeochemical indicator of base-metal deposits in Precambrian rocks of west-central Colorado","docAbstract":"<p><span>The efficacy of sagebrush (</span><i>Artemisia</i><span>) as a biogeochemical indicator of base-metal mineralization in stratabound Precambrian ore deposits in west-central Colorado was investigated by collecting new (mostly flowering) growth from several sagebrush shrubs over and near five such deposits in three different areas. These are the Sedalia mine and two mines in the Turret district near Salida, and two mines in the Cochetopa district southeast of Gunnison. Two species were used,&nbsp;</span><i>A. tridentata</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>A. frigida</i><span>, depending on the area. Sagebrush clippings were separated into two subsamples consisting of (1) stems, and (2) leaves and blossoms stripped from the stems. These subsamples were ashed separately and the ash analyzed with an emission spectrograph for 30 elements. There appear to be no appreciable differences in the analyses of the two subsamples, indicating that composite samples would provide adequate information for further investigations. Eight of these elements, Ag, Bi, Cu, Pb, Sn, Y, Zn, and Zr, are present in notably higher concentrations in the ash of samples growing over mineralized ground than in that of control samples growing over barren ground. Although the distribution pattern, and the number of these anomalous elements, differs at each of the five localities, three of them, silver, copper, and lead, show good contrast and close association with subjacent mineralization in all five study areas.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(83)90069-9","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Lovering, T., and Hedal, J.A., 1983, The use of sagebrush (Artemisia) as a biogeochemical indicator of base-metal deposits in Precambrian rocks of west-central Colorado: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 18, no. 3, p. 205-230, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(83)90069-9.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"205","endPage":"230","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221520,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb196e4b08c986b325355","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovering, T.G.","contributorId":55014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovering","given":"T.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hedal, J. A.","contributorId":20764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedal","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70011279,"text":"70011279 - 1983 - Importance of the Lu-Hf isotopic system in studies of planetary chronology and chemical evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-18T14:57:39.616946","indexId":"70011279","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Importance of the Lu-Hf isotopic system in studies of planetary chronology and chemical evolution","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id3\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id4\"><p>The<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>176</sup>Lu-<sup>176</sup>Hf isotope method and its applications in earth sciences are discussed. Greater fractionation of Lu/Hf than Sm/Nd in planetary magmatic processes makes<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><msup><mi></mi><mn>176</mn></msup><mtext>Hf</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>177</mn></msup><mtext>Hf</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\"><sup>176</sup>Hf<sup>177</sup>Hf</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>a powerful geochemical tracer. In general, proportional variations of<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><msup><mi></mi><mn>176</mn></msup><mtext>Hf</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>177</mn></msup><mtext>Hf</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\"><sup>176</sup>Hf<sup>177</sup>Hf</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>exceed those of<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><msup><mi></mi><mn>143</mn></msup><mtext>Nd</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>l44</mn></msup><mtext>Nd</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\"><sup>143</sup>Nd<sup>144</sup>Nd</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>by factors of 1.5–3 in terrestrial and lunar materials. Lu-Hf studies therefore have a major contribution to make in understanding of terrestrial and other planetary evolution through time, and this is the principal importance of Lu-Hf. New data on basalts from oceanic islands show unequivocally that whereas considerable divergences occur in<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-4-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><msup><mi></mi><mn>176</mn></msup><mtext>Hf</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>177</mn></msup><mtext>Hf</mtext><mtext>-</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>87</mn></msup><mtext>Sr</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>86</mn></msup><mtext>Sr</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\"><sup>176</sup>Hf<sup>177</sup>Hf-<sup>87</sup>Sr<sup>86</sup>Sr</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-5-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><msup><mi></mi><mn>143</mn></msup><mtext>Nd</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>l44</mn></msup><mtext>Nd</mtext><mtext>-</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>87</mn></msup><mtext>Sr</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>86</mn></msup><mtext>Sr</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\"><sup>143</sup>Nd<sup>144</sup>Nd-<sup>87</sup>Sr<sup>86</sup>Sr</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>diagrams,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-6-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><msup><mi></mi><mn>176</mn></msup><mtext>Hf</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>177</mn></msup><mtext>Hf</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\"><sup>176</sup>Hf<sup>177</sup>Hf</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-7-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><msup><mi></mi><mn>143</mn></msup><mtext>Nd</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>144</mn></msup><mtext>Nd</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">1<sup>43</sup>Nd<sup>144</sup>Nd</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>display a single, linear isotopic variation in the suboceanic mantle. These discordant<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-8-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><msup><mi></mi><mn>87</mn></msup><mtext>Sr</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>86</mn></msup><mtext>Sr</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\"><sup>87</sup>Sr<sup>86</sup>Sr</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>relationships may allow, with the acquisition of further Hf-Nd-Sr isotopic data, a distinction between processes such as mantle metasomatism, influence of seawater-altered material in the magma source, or recycling of sediments into the mantle. In order to evaluate the Hf-Nd isotopic correlation in terms of mantle fractionation history, there is a need for measurements of Hf distribution coefficients between silicate minerals and liquids, and specifically for a knowledge of Hf behavior in relation to rareearth elements. For studying ancient terrestrial Hf isotopic variations, the best quality Hf isotope data are obtained from granitoid rocks or zircons. New data show that very U-Pb discordant zircons may have upwardly-biased<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-9-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><msup><mi></mi><mn>176</mn></msup><mtext>Hf</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>177</mn></msup><mtext>Hf</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\"><sup>176</sup>Hf<sup>177</sup>Hf</span></span></span>, but that at least concordant to slightly discordant zircons appear to be reliable carriers of initial<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-10-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><msup><mi></mi><mn>176</mn></msup><mtext>Hf</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>177</mn></msup><mtext>Hf</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\"><sup>176</sup>Hf<sup>177</sup>Hf</span></span></span>. Until the controls on addition of radiogenic Hf to zircon are understood, combined zircon-whole rock studies are recommended. Lu-Hf has been demonstrated as a viable tool for dating of ancient terrestrial and extraterrestrial samples, but because it offers little advantage over existing methods, is unlikely to find wide application in pure chronological studies.</p></div></div></div></div><div id=\"preview-section-introduction\"><br></div><div id=\"preview-section-snippets\"><br></div><div id=\"preview-section-references\"><br></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(83)90092-3","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Patchett, P., 1983, Importance of the Lu-Hf isotopic system in studies of planetary chronology and chemical evolution: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 47, no. 1, p. 81-91, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(83)90092-3.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"91","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221036,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3945e4b0c8380cd6187d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patchett, P. J.","contributorId":55152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patchett","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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