On June 6–8, 1912, ∼ 15 km3 of magma erupted from the Novarupta caldera at the head of the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes (VTTS), producing ∼ 20 km3 of air-fall tephra and 11–15 km3 of ash-flow tuff within ∼ 60 hours. Three discrete periods of ash-fall at Kodiak correlate, respectively, with Plinian tephra layers designated A, CD, and FG by Curtis (1968) in the VTTS. The ash-flow sequence overlapped with but outlasted pumice fall A, terminating within 20 hours of the initial outbreak and prior to pumice fall C. Layers E and H consist mostly of vitric dust that settled during lulls, and Layer B is the feather edge of the ash flow. The fall units filled and obscured the caldera, but arcuate and radial fissures outline a 6-km2 depression. The Novarupta lava dome and its ejecta ring were emplaced later within the depression. At Mt. Katmai, 10 km east of the 1912 vent, a 600-m-deep caldera of similar area also collapsed at about this time, probably owing to hydraulic connection with the venting magma system; but all known ejecta are thought to have erupted at Novarupta. Mingling of three distinctive magmas during the eruption produced an abundance of banded pumice, and mechanical mixing of chilled ejecta resulted in deposits with a wide range of bulk composition. Pumice in the initial fall unit (A) is 100% rhyolite, but fall units atop the ash flow are > 98% dacite; black andesitic scoria is common only in the ash flows and in near-vent air-fall tephra. Pumice counts show the first half of the ash-flow deposit to be 91–98% rhyolite, but progressive increases of dacite and andesite eventually reduced the rhyolitic component to < 2%. The later, rhyolite-poor flows were hotter, less mobile, and widely produced partially welded tuff and vapor-indurated sillar.
The main ash flow was too deflated and sluggish 16 km from the vent to surmount a 25-m-high moraine in its path but was diverted around it and continued 5 km down-valley, engulfing and charring trees but not toppling all of them. Thin ash-flow veneers feather 30–40 m up the enclosing valley walls but only where a constriction in the central VTTS locally raised the flow level. In the upper VTTS, the “high sand mark” is not a veneer but a marginal bench formed in thick tuff by differential compaction. Flooding from adjacent glaciers led to phreatic explosions that ejected blocks of tuff more welded than any yet exposed. A cluster of phreatic craters dammed a lake atop the tuff, the breaching of which caused a flood that scoured the ash-flow surface in the central VTTS, transported 50-cm blocks of welded tuff > 20 km to the lowermost VTTS, and deposited 1–8 m of debris there.
Rhyolitic ejecta contain only 1–2% phenocrysts but andesite and dacite have 30–45%. Quartz is present and augite absent only in the rhyolite, but all ejecta contain plagioclase, orthopyroxene, titanomagnetite, ilmenite, apatite, and pyrrhotite; rare olivine occurs in the andesite. The zoning ranges of phenocrysts in the rhyolitic and intermediate ejecta do not overlap. New chemical data show the bulk SiO2 range to be: rhyolite 77 ± 0.6, dacite 66-64.5, and andesite 61.5–58.5%. The dacitic and andesitic ejecta contrast in color and density, and it is not certain whether they form a compositional continuum. Analyses reported by Fenner within the 66–76% SiO2 range were of banded pumice and lava and of bulk tephra that mechanically fractionated and mixed during flight. Despite the gap of 10% SiO2, Fe-Ti-oxide temperatures show a continuous range from rhyolite (805–850°C) through dacite (855–955°C) to andesite (955–990°C). Thermal continuity and isotopic and trace-element data suggest that all were derived from a single magmatic system, whether or not they were physically contiguous before eruption. If the rhyolitic liquid separated from dacitic magma, extraction was so efficient that no dacitic phenocrysts were retained and no bulk compositions in the range 66–76% SiO2 were created; if it were a partial melt of roof rocks atop an intermediate magma body, then such rocks had no O- or Sr-isotopic contrast with the andesite-dacite magma and clearly did not include the Jurassic arkosic or granitic basement. The presence of Holocene domes of pre-1912 glassy dacite adjacent to the 1912 vent suggest that the 7 km3 (or more) of high-silica rhyolitic magma (a composition rare in the Aleutian arc) was generated in less than a few thousand years. The 1912 vent is semi-encircled by several andesitic stratocones and is as close to Mageik, Trident, and Griggs volcanoes as it is to Mt. Katmai. The erupted magma probably occupied only shallow levels of an extensive system of injection and storage under a cluster of several stratovolcanoes. Although Quaternary basalt is not known to have erupted here, the intrusion of basaltic magma probably sustains the greater-VTTS magmatic system.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-0273(83)90003-3","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Hildreth, W., 1983, The compositionally zoned eruption of 1912 in the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, Katmai National Park, Alaska: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 18, no. 1-4, p. 1-56, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(83)90003-3.","productDescription":"56 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"56","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221521,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Katmai National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.368408203125,\n 57.66303463288711\n ],\n [\n -153.25927734375,\n 57.66303463288711\n ],\n [\n -153.25927734375,\n 59.33318942659219\n ],\n [\n -156.368408203125,\n 59.33318942659219\n ],\n [\n -156.368408203125,\n 57.66303463288711\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa4ee4b08c986b3227c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildreth, W. 0000-0002-7925-4251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-4251","contributorId":100487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":58581,"text":"mf1416B - 1983 - Mineral resource potential map of the Carson-Iceberg Roadless Areas, central Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-12T19:23:05.696626","indexId":"mf1416B","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1416","chapter":"B","title":"Mineral resource potential map of the Carson-Iceberg Roadless Areas, central Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1416B","usgsCitation":"Keith, W.J., Chaffee, M.A., Plouff, D., and Miller, M.S., 1983, Mineral resource potential map of the Carson-Iceberg Roadless Areas, central Sierra Nevada, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1416, Report: 8 p.; 1 Plate: 39.50 x 55.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1416B.","productDescription":"Report: 8 p.; 1 Plate: 39.50 x 55.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":105839,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_7150.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"7150"},{"id":88426,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1983/1416b/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":184064,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1983/1416b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":88427,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1983/1416b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"62500","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Carson-Iceberg Roadless Areas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.0894812926488,\n 38.70031490776856\n ],\n [\n -120.05597990777807,\n 38.32560289425339\n ],\n [\n -119.7866774087454,\n 38.37749860650784\n ],\n [\n -119.63865263707217,\n 38.432946915403306\n ],\n [\n -119.69136307617298,\n 38.470800595639915\n ],\n [\n -119.96049704582668,\n 38.717870939406424\n ],\n [\n -120.0894812926488,\n 38.70031490776856\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699f9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keith, William J.","contributorId":21146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chaffee, Maurice A. mchaffee@usgs.gov","contributorId":4047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaffee","given":"Maurice","email":"mchaffee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":890051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plouff, Donald","contributorId":94657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plouff","given":"Donald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Michael S.","contributorId":52588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70011314,"text":"70011314 - 1983 - Gas-film coefficients for streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T09:43:34","indexId":"70011314","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2255,"text":"Journal of Environmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas-film coefficients for streams","docAbstract":"Equations for predicting the gas-film coefficient for the volatilization of organic solutes from streams are developed. The film coefficient is a function of windspeed and water temperature. The dependence of the coefficient on windspeed is determined from published information on the evaporation of water from a canal. The dependence of the coefficient on temperature is determined from laboratory studies on the evaporation of water. Procedures for adjusting the coefficients for different organic solutes are based on the molecular diffusion coefficient and the molecular weight. The molecular weight procedure is easiest to use because of the availability of molecular weights. However, the theoretical basis of the procedure is questionable. The diffusion coefficient procedure is supported by considerable data. Questions, however, remain regarding the exact dependence of the film coefficint on the diffusion coefficient. It is suggested that the diffusion coefficient procedure with a 0.68-power dependence be used when precise estimate of the gas-film coefficient are needed and that the molecular weight procedure be used when only approximate estimates are needed.","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1983)109:5(1111)","usgsCitation":"Rathbun, R.E., and Tai, D.Y., 1983, Gas-film coefficients for streams: Journal of Environmental Engineering, v. 109, no. 5, p. 1111-1127, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1983)109:5(1111).","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1111","endPage":"1127","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14dce4b0c8380cd54bd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathbun, R. E.","contributorId":61796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tai, D. Y.","contributorId":59778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tai","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012133,"text":"70012133 - 1983 - Two examples of earthquake- hazard reduction in southern California.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-06T09:39:47","indexId":"70012133","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two examples of earthquake- hazard reduction in southern California.","docAbstract":"Because California is seismically active, planners and decisionmakers must try to anticipate earthquake hazards there and, where possible, to reduce the hazards. Geologic and seismologic information provides the basis for the necessary plans and actions. Two examples of how such information is used are presented. The first involves assessing the impact of a major earthquake on critical facilities in southern California, and the second involves strengthening or removing unsafe masonry buildings in the Los Angeles area. -from Authors
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Kockelman, W., and Campbell, C., 1983, Two examples of earthquake- hazard reduction in southern California.: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 15, no. 6, p. 216-225.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"216","endPage":"225","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222290,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.79394531249999,\n 39.487084981687495\n ],\n [\n -119.99267578124999,\n 39.487084981687495\n ],\n [\n -119.92675781249999,\n 38.976492485539424\n ],\n [\n -114.521484375,\n 35.04798673426734\n ],\n [\n -114.47753906249999,\n 34.79576153473033\n ],\n [\n -114.27978515625,\n 34.542762387234845\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 34.288991865037524\n ],\n [\n -114.345703125,\n 34.08906131584996\n ],\n [\n -114.45556640625,\n 33.76088200086917\n ],\n [\n -114.6533203125,\n 33.32134852669881\n ],\n [\n -114.54345703125,\n 33.063924198120645\n ],\n [\n -114.36767578124999,\n 32.76880048488168\n ],\n [\n -114.78515624999999,\n 32.63937487360669\n ],\n [\n -114.82910156249999,\n 32.731840896865684\n ],\n [\n -117.20214843749999,\n 32.52828936482526\n ],\n [\n -117.5537109375,\n 32.45415593941475\n ],\n [\n -118.80615234374999,\n 32.45415593941475\n ],\n [\n -119.20166015625,\n 32.75032260780972\n ],\n [\n -119.794921875,\n 33.119150226768866\n ],\n [\n -120.5419921875,\n 33.779147331286474\n ],\n [\n -121.09130859375,\n 34.74161249883172\n ],\n [\n -121.2451171875,\n 35.37113502280101\n ],\n [\n -121.904296875,\n 36.01356058518153\n ],\n [\n -122.6513671875,\n 36.82687474287728\n ],\n [\n -123.28857421875,\n 37.92686760148135\n ],\n [\n -124.18945312500001,\n 39.11301365149975\n ],\n [\n -123.79394531249999,\n 39.487084981687495\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb950e4b08c986b327bc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kockelman, W. J.","contributorId":55427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kockelman","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, C.C.","contributorId":79229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011307,"text":"70011307 - 1983 - Lake phosphorus loading form septic systems by seasonally perched groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-14T19:31:34","indexId":"70011307","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2573,"text":"Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lake phosphorus loading form septic systems by seasonally perched groundwater","docAbstract":"The movement of effluent phosphorus (P) from old septic systems by seasonally perched groundwater was investigated. A previous study indicated a correlation between P loadings and the presence of old homes. Water samples were taken from shallow wells installed 10 to 50 m downgradient from seven septic systems 20 to 40 years old. The equivalent volumetric fraction of each sample consisting of undiluted effluent was estimated from chloride concentration. A Monte Carlo analysis was used to account for the various sources of uncertainty. Movement of diluted septic effluent to the lake was common, but transport of more than 1% of effluent P through the soil was probable for only 4 of 26 samples. The greatest apparent P movement was associated with persistently saturated conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"JSTOR","issn":"00431303","usgsCitation":"Gilliom, R.J., and Patmont, C., 1983, Lake phosphorus loading form septic systems by seasonally perched groundwater: Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, v. 55, no. 10, p. 1297-1305.","startPage":"1297","endPage":"1305","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221359,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269372,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/25042086"}],"volume":"55","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4160e4b0c8380cd654e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilliom, R. J.","contributorId":60650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patmont, C.R.","contributorId":37068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patmont","given":"C.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011341,"text":"70011341 - 1983 - The role of digital cartographic data in the geosciences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T15:49:53","indexId":"70011341","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of digital cartographic data in the geosciences","docAbstract":"The increasing demand of the Nation's natural resource developers for the manipulation, analysis, and display of large quantities of earth-science data has necessitated the use of computers and the building of geoscience information systems. These systems require, in digital form, the spatial data on map products. The basic cartographic data shown on quadrangle maps provide a foundation for the addition of geological and geophysical data. If geoscience information systems are to realize their full potential, large amounts of digital cartographic base data must be available. A major goal of the U.S. Geological Survey is to create, maintain, manage, and distribute a national cartographic and geographic digital database. This unified database will contain numerous categories (hydrography, hypsography, land use, etc.) that, through the use of standardized data-element definitions and formats, can be used easily and flexibly to prepare cartographic products and perform geoscience analysis. ?? 1983.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0098-3004(83)90032-8","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Guptill, S., 1983, The role of digital cartographic data in the geosciences: Computers & Geosciences, v. 9, no. 1, p. 23-26, https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(83)90032-8.","startPage":"23","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266192,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(83)90032-8"},{"id":220832,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf66e4b08c986b324772","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guptill, S.C.","contributorId":84417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guptill","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012131,"text":"70012131 - 1983 - Nonlinear strain buildup and the earthquake cycle on the San Andreas fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-28T16:10:36.85437","indexId":"70012131","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nonlinear strain buildup and the earthquake cycle on the San Andreas fault","docAbstract":"Two contrasting models of the earthquake deformation cycle on strike slip faults predict significant temporal declines in shear strain rate near the fault, accompanied by a progressive broadening of the zone of deformation adjacent to it. In the thin lithosphere model, transient deformation results from flow in the asthenosphere due to stress relaxation following faulting through most or all of the lithosphere. For an earth model with a thick elastic lithosphere (plate thickness » depth of seismic slip), transient motions are due to postearthquake aseisrnic slip below the coseismic fault plane. Data from the San Andreas fault indicate a long-term temporal decrease in strain rate that persists for at least 30 years and may extend through the entire earthquake cycle. Observations support a cycle-long rate decrease and a temporal spreading of the deformation profile only if movement cycles on the northern and southern locked sections of the fault are basically similar. If so, the usually lower strain rates and broader deformation zone currently observed on the southern San Andreas represent a later evolutionary stage of the northern locked section, where a great earthquake is a more recent occurrence. Although the data allow some extreme models to be discarded, no sufficiently strong constraints exist to decide between the thin and thick lithosphere models. Regardless of the appropriate model the geodetic observations themselves indicate that strain buildup is sufficiently nonlinear to cause significant departures from recurrence estimates based on linear strain accumulation and the time-predictable model.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB088iB07p05893","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Thatcher, W., 1983, Nonlinear strain buildup and the earthquake cycle on the San Andreas fault: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 88, no. B7, p. 5893-5902, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB088iB07p05893.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"5893","endPage":"5902","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222288,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"B7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6793e4b0c8380cd733d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thatcher, W.","contributorId":32669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011567,"text":"70011567 - 1983 - The granite problem as exposed in the southern Snake Range, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:33","indexId":"70011567","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The granite problem as exposed in the southern Snake Range, Nevada","docAbstract":"A geochemically and mineralogically diverse group of granitoids is present within an area of 900 km2 in the southern Snake Range of eastern Nevada. The granitoids exposed range in age from Jurassic through Cretaceous to Oligocene and include two calcic intrusions, two different types of two-mica granites, and aplites. The younger intrusions appear to have been emplaced at progressively more shallow depths. All of these granitoid types are represented elsewhere in the eastern Great Basin, but the southern Snake Range is distinguished by the grouping of all these types within a relatively small area. The Jurassic calcic pluton of the Snake Creek-Williams Canyon area displays large and systematic chemical and mineralogical zonation over a horizontal distance of five km. Although major element variations in the pluton compare closely with Daly's average andesite-dacite-rhyolite over an SiO2 range of 63 to 76 percent, trace element (Rb, Sr, Ba) variations show that the zonation is the result of in situ fractional crystallization, with the formation of relatively mafic cumulates on at least one wall of the magma chamber. Models of trace element and isotopic data indicate that relatively little assimilation took place at the level of crystallization. Nonetheless, an initial 87Sr/86Sr value of 0.7071 and ??18O values of 10.2 to 12.2 permil suggest a lower crustal magma that was contaminated by upper crustal clastic sedimentary rocks before crystallization. The involvement of mantle-derived magmas in its genesis is difficult to rule out. Two other Jurassic plutons show isotopic and chemical similarities to the Snake Creek-Williams Canyon pluton. Cretaceous granites from eastern Nevada that contain phenocrystic muscovite are strongly peraluminous, and have high initial Sr-isotope ratios and other features characteristic of S-type granitoids. They were probably derived from Proterozoic metasediments and granite gneisses that comprise the middle crust of this region. Another group of granitoids (including the Tertiary aplites) show chemical, mineralogic, and isotopic characteristics intermediate between the first two groups and may have been derived by contamination of magmas from the lower crust by the midcrustal metasediments. ?? 1983 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00373083","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Lee, D.E., and Christiansen, E.H., 1983, The granite problem as exposed in the southern Snake Range, Nevada: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 83, no. 1-2, p. 99-116, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00373083.","startPage":"99","endPage":"116","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221243,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205101,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00373083"}],"volume":"83","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac94e4b08c986b3235c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, D. E.","contributorId":96705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christiansen, E. H.","contributorId":65077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011403,"text":"70011403 - 1983 - Selective dissolution of siliceous microfossils observed in a box core from the north-east equatorial Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:29","indexId":"70011403","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selective dissolution of siliceous microfossils observed in a box core from the north-east equatorial Pacific","docAbstract":"A box core taken at 11??50.3??? N and 137??28.2??? W in the Central Pacific manganese nodule province was studied to determine the pattern of diatom and radiolarian preservation with depth in the sediment, as well as to observe downcore variations in clay mineralogy. We observed marked deterioration of the siliceous microfossils within the upper 30 cm of this sediment; over this depth interval the Quaternary diatoms disappear first, followed deeper downcore by the dissolution of Quaternary radiolarians. Tertiary microfossils in general were the most corrosion resistant, and the residual microfossil assemblage in the lower part of the core consisted of fragmented, robust Tertiary forms. Consequently, the apparent biostratigraphical age of the sediment appeared much greater than the age suggested by mineralogical and radioisotopic data. ?? 1983 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/302139a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Kadko, D., Blueford, J.R., Burckle, L., and Barron, J., 1983, Selective dissolution of siliceous microfossils observed in a box core from the north-east equatorial Pacific: Nature, v. 302, no. 5904, p. 139-141, https://doi.org/10.1038/302139a0.","startPage":"139","endPage":"141","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205056,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/302139a0"},{"id":220705,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"302","issue":"5904","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8cdee4b08c986b318182","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kadko, D.","contributorId":87686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kadko","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blueford, J. R.","contributorId":69563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blueford","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burckle, L.H.","contributorId":16977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burckle","given":"L.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barron, J.","contributorId":66416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70170301,"text":"70170301 - 1983 - Volcanoes of the Cascade Range in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-13T13:31:25","indexId":"70170301","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanoes of the Cascade Range in North America","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Foxworthy, B., and Hile, M., 1983, Volcanoes of the Cascade Range in North America: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 15, no. 2, p. 60-71.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"71","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":320093,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571210bae4b0ef3b7ca6445f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foxworthy, B. L.","contributorId":45686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foxworthy","given":"B. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hile, M.","contributorId":168637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hile","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011395,"text":"70011395 - 1983 - Petrology and comparative thermal and mechanical histories of clasts in breccia 62236","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-28T16:31:21.086666","indexId":"70011395","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrology and comparative thermal and mechanical histories of clasts in breccia 62236","docAbstract":"Lunar breccia 62236 contains large lithic fragments of troctolite, norite, and anorthosite. The mafic phases, olivine, inverted pigeonite, and augite, fill interstitial areas between larger plagioclases and appear to be cumulate phases with extensive adcumulus growth. Pyroxene compositional homogeneity indicates that cation exchange during cooling was limited to an area of about 1 mm. Primary augite and pigeonite both contain 30 μm-wide lamellae of the other along ‘001’. Pigeonite inverted to orthopyroxene without retaining any crystallographic orientation and subsequently exsolved fine lamellae of augite on (100). Profiles across orthopyroxene-augite interfaces obtained in the analytical transmission electron microscope show an increase of ∼5% wollastonite in augite within 0.5 μm of the interface, suggesting that short-range cation exchange continued to temperatures below 500°C. The entire sample has undergone heterogeneous shock deformation. Shock melting of the troctolitic clast suggests pressures of 200–300 kb and well-developed basal twinning in augite from the norite clasts suggests pressures of 50–300 kbars. The present evidence indicates that 62236 contains parts of a slowly cooled microlayered adcumulate that has been heterogeneously shocked several times and combined into the present breccia.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB088iS02p0A645","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Nord, G.L., and Wandless, M., 1983, Petrology and comparative thermal and mechanical histories of clasts in breccia 62236: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 88, no. S02, p. A645-A657, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB088iS02p0A645.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"A645","endPage":"A657","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221663,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"S02","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a781ae4b0c8380cd78631","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nord, Gordon L. Jr.","contributorId":12498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nord","given":"Gordon","suffix":"Jr.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wandless, M.-V.","contributorId":54611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wandless","given":"M.-V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185337,"text":"70185337 - 1983 - An isolated population of small Canada geese on Kaliktagik Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-20T15:06:20","indexId":"70185337","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An isolated population of small Canada geese on Kaliktagik Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"Recently we discovered that a small form of the Canada Goose Branta canadensis breeds on Kaliktagik Island, one of the Semidi Islands, about 80 km south of the Alaska Peninsula near longitude 157°W (Figure 1). The unexpected occurrence of geese on this oceanic island and the possibility that they are closely allied with the endangered Aleutian race of Canada Geese B. c. leucopareia prompt this summary of observations made between 1977 and 1981, in the course of field studies on seabirds of the area.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust","usgsCitation":"Hatch, S.A., and Hatch, M.A., 1983, An isolated population of small Canada geese on Kaliktagik Island, Alaska: Wildfowl, v. 34, p. 130-136.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"130","endPage":"136","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337882,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337881,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildfowl.wwt.org.uk/index.php/wildfowl/article/view/674"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kaliktagik Island, Semidi Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.6708755493164,\n 56.08295658599044\n ],\n [\n -156.67259216308594,\n 56.077304816827684\n ],\n [\n -156.6705322265625,\n 56.071460590574574\n ],\n [\n -156.6573143005371,\n 56.0656154780254\n ],\n [\n -156.6408348083496,\n 56.06551964912398\n ],\n [\n -156.6317367553711,\n 56.067819477013636\n ],\n [\n -156.6368865966797,\n 56.075388774724956\n ],\n [\n -156.64752960205078,\n 56.081519774117034\n ],\n [\n -156.6569709777832,\n 56.08448912626121\n ],\n [\n -156.6708755493164,\n 56.08295658599044\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d0ea1fe4b0236b68f673b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatch, Martha A.","contributorId":181576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hatch","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011355,"text":"70011355 - 1983 - Determination of chloride in geological samples by ion chromatography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-07T16:25:01.421452","indexId":"70011355","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":760,"text":"Analytica Chimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of chloride in geological samples by ion chromatography","docAbstract":"Samples of silicate rocks are prepared by sodium carbonate fusion and then treated by ion chromatography. The method was tested for geological standards with chloride concentration between 0.003 and 3%. Observed chloride concentrations comparedd favorably with literature values. The relative standard deviation and detection limit for the method were 8% and 7 ppm, respectively. Up to 30 determination per 24-hour period were possible. ?? 1983.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0003-2670(00)85176-4","usgsCitation":"Wilson, S.A., and Gent, C.A., 1983, Determination of chloride in geological samples by ion chromatography: Analytica Chimica Acta, v. 148, no. C, p. 299-303, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)85176-4.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"303","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221041,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"148","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff9de4b0c8380cd4f2ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Stephen A. 0000-0002-9468-0005 swilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9468-0005","contributorId":1617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Stephen","email":"swilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":360903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gent, Carol A.","contributorId":40646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gent","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011310,"text":"70011310 - 1983 - Land-use planning: One geologist's viewpoint","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-20T16:39:42.048953","indexId":"70011310","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1531,"text":"Environmental Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land-use planning: One geologist's viewpoint","docAbstract":"Planning for the best use of land and its resources should take fully into consideration the long-term consequences of each type of use in order to stretch out most beneficially the well-being of society in the future, and to protect the integrity of the land and its biota. Three kinds of land-use can be distinguished for planning purposes. Reversible land-use leaves the land, after use, essentially as it was before; little or no man-induced modification remains. An example of reversible use in the United States is the designation of certain public lands as Wilderness. Terminal land-use commits the land to a chosen particular use, and any attempt at reversal requires either time-scales that are long compared with the expected lifespan of the social and political institution, or a commitment of resources that is too high for society to consider worth bearing. Examples of terminal land-use are location of metropolises and sites of toxic and/or radioactive waste disposals; by its nature the list grows monotonically. A current source of some social tension arises from the fact that Wilderness designation appears to assign a terminal-use status by legislative fiat, whereas in fact the land is being used reversibly.
Solubilities of halite in the ternary system NaCl-CsCl-H2O have been determined by the visual polythermal method at 1 atm from 20 to 100 °C along five constant CsCl/(CsCl + H2O) weight ratio lines. These five constant weight ratios are 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5. The maximum uncertainties in these measurements are ±0.02 wt % NaCl and ±0.15 °C. The data along each constant CsCl/(CsCl + H2O) weight ratio line were regressed to a smooth curve. The maximum deviation of the measured solubilities from the smooth curves is 0.06 wt % NaCl. Isothermal solubilities of halite were calculated from smoothed curves at 25, 50, and 75 °C.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society Publications","doi":"10.1021/je00034a012","issn":"00219568","usgsCitation":"Chou, I., and Lee, R., 1983, Solubility relations in the ternary system NaCl-CsCl-H2O at 1 atm. 1. Solubilities of halite from 20 to 100 °C: Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, v. 28, no. 4, p. 390-393, https://doi.org/10.1021/je00034a012.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"390","endPage":"393","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220834,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9249e4b08c986b319df7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":361020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, R.D.","contributorId":83664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011338,"text":"70011338 - 1983 - Euler-Lagrangian computation for estuarine hydrodynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T10:37:23","indexId":"70011338","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Euler-Lagrangian computation for estuarine hydrodynamics","docAbstract":"The transport of conservative and suspended matter in fluid flows is a phenomenon of Lagrangian nature because the process is usually convection dominant. Nearly all numerical investigations of such problems use an Eulerian formulation for the convenience that the computational grids are fixed in space and because the vast majority of field data are collected in an Eulerian reference frame. Several examples are given in this paper to illustrate a modeling approach which combines the advantages of both the Eulerian and Lagrangian computational techniques.
","largerWorkTitle":"Numerical Methods in Laminar and Turbulent Flow, Proceedings of the International Conference","conferenceTitle":"Numerical Methods in Laminar and Turbulent Flow, Proceedings of the Third International Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Seattle, WA","language":"English","publisher":"Pineridge Press","publisherLocation":"Swansea, Wa","isbn":"0906674220","usgsCitation":"Cheng, R.T., 1983, Euler-Lagrangian computation for estuarine hydrodynamics, in Numerical Methods in Laminar and Turbulent Flow, Proceedings of the International Conference, Seattle, WA, p. 341-352.","startPage":"341","endPage":"352","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0469e4b0c8380cd50980","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cheng, Ralph T.","contributorId":69134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":17967,"text":"ofr83504 - 1983 - Cenozoic structural history of selected areas in the eastern Great Basin, Nevada-Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-03T22:37:00.831466","indexId":"ofr83504","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-504","title":"Cenozoic structural history of selected areas in the eastern Great Basin, Nevada-Utah","docAbstract":"The Confusion Range structural trough (CRST) of west-central Utah predates the Oligocene rocks that are exposed along it. The northern part of the axial region of the CRST is complicated by structures that include reverse faults and associated folds, a large-amplitude mushroom fold, and belts of sharply flexed to overturned strata some of which are fault bounded. These structures, which also predate the Oligocene rocks, formed in a compressional regime that has been interpreted as resulting from thin-skinned gravitational gliding toward the axis of the CRST. \r\n\r\nStudy of the sparse Tertiary rocks that are scattered along the axial region of the CRST reveals abundant evidence of Oligocene and younger deformation. The chief evidence includes (1) widespread Oligocene and Miocene coarse clastic rocks, many of which are conglomerates, that attest to local and distant tectonism, (2) faults that range from high-angle structures generally with less than 100 m of normal displacement to low-angle attenuation faults some of which may have large displacements, and (3) open asymmetric folds. Together with the distribution of sheet-form bodies of ash-flow tuffs, the Oligocene stratigraphic record allows for paleogeographic reconstruction of a lacustrine basin across what is now the northern Confusion Range and one or more basins in the southern part of the CRST. The basins are inferred to have been fault controlled by reactivation of previously formed faults or steep fold flanks. They may have been localized by differential vertical movements similar to those that produced the older systems of folds and faults. Parts of early formed basins were cannibalized as local syndepositional deformation took place in the axial region of the CRST. \r\n\r\nBoth limbs of the CRST have been modified by folds that involve Oligocene rocks. Some of these folds appear to be genetically related to displacements on faults that bound them. They may record thin-skinned Neogene tectonic displacements toward the axis of the CRST. \r\n\r\nThe most intensely faulted and tilted rocks along the axis of the CRST are located in the Tunnel Spring Mountains where Miocene(?) extension on closely spaced listric faults produced as much as 70 percent extension locally. Three episodes of Oligocene-Miocene deformation, all interpreted to have formed in an extensional environment, are recognized in the Tunnel Spring Mountains. The nearby Burbank Hills area may have been involved in the same deformational episodes, though there the relationships are not as clear-cut nor does evidence occur of extreme extension. Tight asymmetric folds in the Burbank Hills are interpreted as drape structures formed over buried normal faults. Other structures along the southern CRST have fold-like forms, but they result from cross-strike alternations in fault-related tilt directions, and they formed in an extensional stress regime. Least-principal stress directions inferred from orientations of extensional structures vary from ENE-WSW in the southern Tunnel Spring Mountains to approximately E-W in the Disappointment Hills and NW-SE in selected areas east of the axis of the CRST. The size, geographic distribution, and new data on the age of areas of major extensional faulting preclude previously published interpretations that the extension is related to major east-directed overthrusting of the Sevier orogeny in areas east of the hinterland of west-central Utah.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr83504","usgsCitation":"Anderson, R.E., 1983, Cenozoic structural history of selected areas in the eastern Great Basin, Nevada-Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-504, Report: i, 47 p.; 2 Plates: 19.14 x 10.65 inches and 18.40 x 15.48 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83504.","productDescription":"Report: i, 47 p.; 2 Plates: 19.14 x 10.65 inches and 18.40 x 15.48 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":108459,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_14070.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"14070"},{"id":47206,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0504/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":47205,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0504/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":47204,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0504/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":151228,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0504/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada, Utah","otherGeospatial":"eastern Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.708,\n 39.833\n ],\n [\n -114.708,\n 38.75\n ],\n [\n -113.647,\n 38.75\n ],\n [\n -113.647,\n 39.833\n ],\n [\n -114.708,\n 39.833\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6ef3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, R. Ernest","contributorId":104484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ernest","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011083,"text":"70011083 - 1983 - Evidence for earlier date of Ubeidiya, Israel hominid site (reply)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:29","indexId":"70011083","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for earlier date of Ubeidiya, Israel hominid site (reply)","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/304375b0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Repenning, C., 1983, Evidence for earlier date of Ubeidiya, Israel hominid site (reply): Nature, v. 304, no. 5924, p. 375-376, https://doi.org/10.1038/304375b0.","startPage":"375","endPage":"376","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221217,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205098,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/304375b0"}],"volume":"304","issue":"5924","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d3ce4b0c8380cd52ec2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Repenning, C.A.","contributorId":56700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repenning","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012103,"text":"70012103 - 1983 - Use of reflectance spectra of native plant species for interpreting airborne multispectral scanner data in the East Tintic Mountains, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-11T16:52:21.107163","indexId":"70012103","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of reflectance spectra of native plant species for interpreting airborne multispectral scanner data in the East Tintic Mountains, Utah","docAbstract":"Representative spectra from three plant species were used to interpret the color components on a color ratio composite image. Most of the vegetation unit coincided with an altered rock unit, but many altered areas were not within the vegetation unit.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.78.4.761","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Milton, N., 1983, Use of reflectance spectra of native plant species for interpreting airborne multispectral scanner data in the East Tintic Mountains, Utah: Economic Geology, v. 78, no. 4, p. 761-769, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.78.4.761.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"761","endPage":"769","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221867,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1983-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf6ae4b08c986b329b46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milton, N.M.","contributorId":29415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milton","given":"N.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011400,"text":"70011400 - 1983 - Human interactions with ground-water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:09","indexId":"70011400","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1746,"text":"GeoJournal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Human interactions with ground-water","docAbstract":"Ground-Water could be considered as an immense reservoir, from which only a certain amount of water can be withdrawn without affecting the quantity and quality of water. This amount is determined by the characteristics of the environment in which ground-water occurs and by the interactions of ground-water with precipitation, surface water, and people. It should be recognized that quantity and quality of ground-water are intimately related and should be considered accordingly. Quantity refers to usable water and water is usable for any specific purpose only so long as its quality has not deteriorated beyond acceptable limits. Thus an overall quantitative and qualitative management of ground water is inevitable, and its should also involve the uses of ground-water reservoirs for purposes other than water supply. The main objective of ground-water management is to ensure that ground-water resources will be available in appropriate time and in appropriate quantity and quality to meet the most important demands of our society. Traditional, and obvious uses of ground-water are the extraction of water for water supplies (domestic, municipal, agricultural, and industrial) and the natural discharge feeding lakes and maintaining base flow of streams. Not so obvious are the uses of ground-water reservoirs, the very framework within which ground-water occurs and moves, and in which other fluids or materials can be stored. In the last two decades, ground-water reservoirs have been intensively considered for many other purposes than water supplies. Diversified and very often conflicting uses need to be evaluated and dealt with in the most efficient way in order to determine the importance of each possible use, and to assign priorities of these uses. With rising competition for the use of ground-water reservoirs, we will also need to increase the potential for effective planning of ground-water development and protection. Man's development and use of ground-water necessarily modifies the natural conditions and the total natural system must be successfully blended with the unnatural stresses placed upon it. This can be accomplished by introducing new methods (such as ground-water zoning) in and by developing alternative strategies for ground-water management and protection. ?? 1983 D. Reidel Publishing Company.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"GeoJournal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00194489","issn":"03432521","usgsCitation":"Zaporozec, A., 1983, Human interactions with ground-water: GeoJournal, v. 7, no. 5, p. 427-433, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00194489.","startPage":"427","endPage":"433","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205139,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194489"},{"id":221751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3281e4b0c8380cd5e868","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zaporozec, A.","contributorId":24093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaporozec","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011282,"text":"70011282 - 1983 - Automated determination of bromide in waters by ion chromatography with an amperometric detector","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-07T16:30:37.566048","indexId":"70011282","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":760,"text":"Analytica Chimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Automated determination of bromide in waters by ion chromatography with an amperometric detector","docAbstract":"An automated ion chromatograph, including a program controller, an automatic sampler, an integrator, and an amperometric detector, was used to develop a procedure for the determination of bromide in rain water and many ground waters. Approximately 10 min is required to obtain a chromatogram. The detection limit for bromide is 0.01 mg l−1 and the relative standard deivation is <5% for bromide concentrations between 0.05 and 0.5 mg l−1. Chloride interferes if the chloride-to-bromide ratio is greater than 1 000:1 for a range of 0.01–0.1 mg l−1 bromide; similarly, chloride interferes in the 0.1–1.0 mg l−1 range if the ratio is greater than 5 000:1. In the latter case, a maximum of 2 000 mg l−1 of chloride can be tolerated. Recoveries of known concentrations of bromide added to several samples, ranged from 97 to 110%.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0003-2670(00)83193-1","usgsCitation":"Pyen, G., and Erdmann, D.E., 1983, Automated determination of bromide in waters by ion chromatography with an amperometric detector: Analytica Chimica Acta, v. 149, no. C, p. 355-358, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)83193-1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"358","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221101,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"149","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eef4e4b0c8380cd4a06c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pyen, G. S.","contributorId":105049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyen","given":"G. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Erdmann, D. E.","contributorId":30264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdmann","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}