{"pageNumber":"526","pageRowStart":"13125","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16501,"records":[{"id":70012287,"text":"70012287 - 1985 - Hydrogeologic comparison of an acidic-lake basin with a neutral-lake basin in the West-Central Adirondack Mountains, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-04T14:34:50.95345","indexId":"70012287","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeologic comparison of an acidic-lake basin with a neutral-lake basin in the West-Central Adirondack Mountains, New York","docAbstract":"Two small headwater lake basins that receive similar amounts of acidic atmospheric deposition have significantly different lake outflow pH values; pH at Panther Lake (neutral) ranges from about 4.7 to 7; that at Woods Lake (acidic) ranges from about 4.3 to 5. A hydrologic analysis, which included monthly water budgets, hydrograph analysis, examination of flow duration and runoff recession curves, calculation of ground-water storage, and an analysis of lateral flow capacity of the soil, indicates that differences in lakewater pH can be attributed to differences in the ground-water contribution to the lakes. A larger percentage of the water discharged from the neutral lake is derived from ground water than that from the acidic lake. Ground water has a higher pH resulting from a sufficiently long residence time for neutralizing chemical reactions to occur with the till. The difference in ground-water contribution is attributed to a more extensive distribution of thick till (<3m) in the neutral-lake basin than in the acidic-lake basin; average thickness of till in the neutral-lake basin is 24m whereas that in the other is 2.3m. During the snowmelt period, as much as three months of accumulated precipitation may be released within two weeks causing the lateral flow capacity of the deeper mineral soil to be exceeded in the neutral-lake basin. This excess water moves over and through the shallow acidic soil horizons and causes the lakewater pH to decrease during snowmelt.Two small headwater lake basins that receive similar amounts of acidic atmospheric deposition have significantly different lake outflow pH values; pH at Panther Lake (neutral) ranges from about 4. 7 to 7; that at Woods Lake (acidic) ranges from about 4. 3 to 5. A hydrologic analysis, which included monthly water budgets, hydrograph analysis, examination of flow duration and runoff recession curves, calculation of ground-water storage, and an analysis of lateral flow capacity of the soil, indicates that differences in lakewater pH can be attributed to differences in the ground-water contribution to the lakes. A larger percentage of the water discharged from the neutral lake is derived from ground water than that from the acidic lake. Ground water has a higher pH resulting from a sufficiently long residence time for neutralizing chemical reactions to occur with the till.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00280693","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Peters, N., and Murdoch, P., 1985, Hydrogeologic comparison of an acidic-lake basin with a neutral-lake basin in the West-Central Adirondack Mountains, New York: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 26, no. 4, p. 387-402, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00280693.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"387","endPage":"402","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222470,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":378115,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00280693","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"West-Central Adirondack Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.498046875,\n 43.27720532212024\n ],\n [\n -73.71826171874999,\n 43.27720532212024\n ],\n [\n -73.71826171874999,\n 44.762336674810996\n ],\n [\n -75.498046875,\n 44.762336674810996\n ],\n [\n -75.498046875,\n 43.27720532212024\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a339de4b0c8380cd5f115","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murdoch, Peter S.","contributorId":73547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdoch","given":"Peter S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012980,"text":"70012980 - 1985 - NATIONAL WATER INFORMATION SYSTEM OF THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:37","indexId":"70012980","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"NATIONAL WATER INFORMATION SYSTEM OF THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.","docAbstract":"National Water Information System (NWIS) has been designed as an interactive, distributed data system. It will integrate the existing, diverse data-processing systems into a common system. It will also provide easier, more flexible use as well as more convenient access and expanded computing, dissemination, and data-analysis capabilities. The NWIS is being implemented as part of a Distributed Information System (DIS) being developed by the Survey's Water Resources Division. The NWIS will be implemented on each node of the distributed network for the local processing, storage, and dissemination of hydrologic data collected within the node's area of responsibility. The processor at each node will also be used to perform hydrologic modeling, statistical data analysis, text editing, and some administrative work.","conferenceTitle":"International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology (Preprints of Papers).","conferenceLocation":"Los Angeles, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Soc","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA, USA","usgsCitation":"Edwards, M.D., 1985, NATIONAL WATER INFORMATION SYSTEM OF THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY., International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology (Preprints of Papers)., Los Angeles, CA, USA, p. 94-96.","startPage":"94","endPage":"96","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6135e4b0c8380cd71844","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, Melvin D.","contributorId":94305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Melvin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012979,"text":"70012979 - 1985 - Nitrogen and phosphorus speciation and flux in a large Florida river wetland System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-12T18:11:13","indexId":"70012979","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen and phosphorus speciation and flux in a large Florida river wetland System","docAbstract":"

Hydrologic measurements and analyses of various nitrogen and phosphorus species were made on the Apalachicola River system in northern Florida in 1979 and 1980. Annual outflows of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were not substantially different from annual inflows. However, there was significant net import of ammonia and soluble reactive phosphorus and net export of some particulate and organic species. The TN: TP ratio ranged from 12 to 15, but the specific ratio of dissolved inorganic nitrogen: soluble reactive phosphorus was much higher (up to 40) and increased in a downstream direction; this contributed to a phosphorus-limiting situation in Apalachicola estuary. Processes within the flood plain ecosystem accounted for much of the release of organic and particulate species and retention of inorganic species. This flood plain function is probably critical for maintaining a nutrient pool in the estuary which supports secondary productivity and a detrital-based food web.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR021i005p00724","usgsCitation":"Elder, J.F., 1985, Nitrogen and phosphorus speciation and flux in a large Florida river wetland System: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 5, p. 724-732, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR021i005p00724.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"724","endPage":"732","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487159,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/wr021i005p00724","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":220223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Apalachicola river","volume":"21","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66c5e4b0c8380cd72fa4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elder, John F.","contributorId":23919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elder","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":364993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012704,"text":"70012704 - 1985 - Environmental setting of San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T15:50:25","indexId":"70012704","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental setting of San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"

San Francisco Bay, the largest bay on the California coast, is a broad, shallow, turbid estuary comprising two geographically and hydrologically distinct subestuaries: the northern reach lying between the connection to the Pacific Ocean at the Golden Gate and the confluence of the Sacramento-San Joaquin River system, and the southern reach (herein called South Bay) between the Golden Gate and the southern terminus of the bay. The northern reach is a partially mixed estuary dominated by seasonally varying river inflow, and the South Bay is a tidally oscillating lagoon-type estuary. Freshwater inflows, highest during winter, generate strong estuarine circulation and largely determine water residence times. They also bring large volumes of dissolved and particulate materials to the estuary. Tidal currents, generated by mixed semidiurnal and diurnal tides, mix the water column and, together with river inflow and basin geometry, determine circulation patterns. Winds, which are strongest during summer and during winter storms, exert stress on the bay's water surface, thereby creating large waves that resuspend sediment from the shallow bay bottom and, together with the tidal currents, contribute markedly to the transport of water masses throughout the shallow estuary. ?? 1985 Dr W. Junk Publishers.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00048684","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Conomos, T.J., Smith, R.E., and Gartner, J.W., 1985, Environmental setting of San Francisco Bay: Hydrobiologia, v. 129, no. 1, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00048684.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221906,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205160,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048684"}],"volume":"129","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09e4e4b0c8380cd520da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conomos, T. J.","contributorId":77515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conomos","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, R. E.","contributorId":76366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gartner, J. W.","contributorId":81903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gartner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013359,"text":"70013359 - 1985 - Hydrologic changes associated with the October 28, 1983, Idaho earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013359","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic changes associated with the October 28, 1983, Idaho earthquake","docAbstract":"Significant hydrologic changes were observed after the magnitude 7.3 earthquake that occurred on October 28, 1983, in central Idaho. Groundwater levels rose by as much as 3 meters near the epicenter. Discharge in many streams and springs increased, in some instances by more than 100%. One warm spring ceased flowing for several days; the flow then resumed and peaked at about nine times its original rate. Available data show no significant changes in water quality following the earthquake. ?? 1985 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00874599","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Whitehead, R., Harper, R., and Sisco, H., 1985, Hydrologic changes associated with the October 28, 1983, Idaho earthquake: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 122, no. 2-4, p. 280-293, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00874599.","startPage":"280","endPage":"293","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205022,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874599"},{"id":220249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3577e4b0c8380cd5ff40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitehead, R.L.","contributorId":34891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitehead","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harper, R.W.","contributorId":36104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harper","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sisco, H.G.","contributorId":54185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisco","given":"H.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013069,"text":"70013069 - 1985 - Assessment of long-term salinity changes in an irrigated stream-aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T11:09:19","indexId":"70013069","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of long-term salinity changes in an irrigated stream-aquifer system","docAbstract":"

Changes in salinity in groundwater and surface water in the Arkansas River valley of southeastern Colorado are primarily related to irrigation practices. A solute transport model was applied to an 11-mile reach of the valley to compute salinity changes in response to spatially and temporally varying stresses. The model was calibrated in 1973 using detailed field measurements made during 1971 and 1972. In 1973 the calibrated model was used to predict that a gradual long-term increase in groundwater salinity of about 2–3% per year would occur if the observed irrigation practices continued. The study area was resampled during the winter of 1982 to help evaluate if any long-term changes in salinity are actually occurring. Nonparametric and parametric statistical tests were used to help assess the significance of observed changes in groundwater salinity. These tests indicate that a statistically significant increase in salinity occurred between the winters of 1971 and 1972 (the model calibration period). However, a comparison of the winter 1972 and winter 1982 data indicates that no significant net change in salinity has occurred during this 10-year period. An analysis of the few available historical data (1895, 1923, 1959–1961, and 1964) supports the hypothesis that groundwater salinity in this irrigated area has reached a long-term dynamic equilibrium in response to irrigation practices. The model predictions of long-term salinity increases were invalid probably because the calibration period occurred during a short-term annual trend of increasing salinity in the river (and hence in leaky irrigation canals and in applied irrigation water), which was not representative of the long-term trend.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR021i011p01611","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., and Person, M., 1985, Assessment of long-term salinity changes in an irrigated stream-aquifer system: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 11, p. 1611-1624, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR021i011p01611.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1611","endPage":"1624","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Arkansas River valley","volume":"21","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e637e4b0c8380cd47268","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":365210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Person, Mark","contributorId":55568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013068,"text":"70013068 - 1985 - Geochemistry of groundwater in Cretaceous sediments of the southeastern coastal plain of eastern Mississippi and western Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-12T18:01:26","indexId":"70013068","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of groundwater in Cretaceous sediments of the southeastern coastal plain of eastern Mississippi and western Alabama","docAbstract":"

Geochemical samples of waters along two hydrologic flow paths in four Upper Cretaceous aquifers of northeastern Mississippi and western Alabama indicate similar geochemical evolution of their respective waters. The waters of the Coker, Gordo, and Eutaw-McShan aquifers, noncalcareous sands, increase downgradient in dissolved solids and pH, and are dominated by sodium and bicarbonate ions, which generally result from a calcite dissolution-cation exchange process. Increases in dissolved iron from oxidation reduction reactions followed by decreases in total inorganic carbon from siderite precipitation occur along the flow paths. As the total inorganic carbon increases, carbon 13 (δ13C) generally is enriched in the moving waters, indicating the addition of a predominantly heavy source of carbon, most likely dissolving calcite. In the Coker aquifer δ13C values in the waters become more negative downgradient, resulting from lignite oxidation, followed by δ13C values becoming more positive, resulting from dissolving calcite and perhaps some mixing with brines. In northeastern Mississippi the Ripley aquifer, a calcareous sand, initially contains calcium-bicarbonate dominated water that evolves to a sodium- bicarbonate dominated water downgradient, primarily from the calcite dissolution-cation exchange process. Feldspar hydrolysis to kaolinite dominates aluminosilicate reactions in the upgradient parts of the aquifers. Authigenesis of smectite clay may be occurring in the deeper, downgradient parts of the aquifers.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR021i010p01545","usgsCitation":"Lee, R.W., 1985, Geochemistry of groundwater in Cretaceous sediments of the southeastern coastal plain of eastern Mississippi and western Alabama: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 10, p. 1545-1556, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR021i010p01545.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1545","endPage":"1556","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220404,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Southeastern Coastal Plain","volume":"21","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16fbe4b0c8380cd55334","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Roger W.","contributorId":105273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012989,"text":"70012989 - 1985 - A quantitative analysis of the Lassen hydrothermal system, north central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-12T18:09:27","indexId":"70012989","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A quantitative analysis of the Lassen hydrothermal system, north central California","docAbstract":"

Our conceptual model of the Lassen system is termed a liquid-dominated hydrothermal system with a parasitic vapor-dominated zone. The essential feature of this model is that steam and steam-heated discharge at relatively high altitudes in Lassen Volcanic National Park (LVNP) and liquid discharge with high chloride concentrations at relatively low altitudes outside LVNP are both fed by an upflow of high-enthalpy two-phase fluid within the Park. Liquid flows laterally away from the upflow area toward the areas of high-chloride discharge, and steam rises through a vapor-dominated zone to feed the steam and steam-heated features. Numerical simulations show that several conditions are necessary for the development of this type of system, including (1) large-scale topographic relief; (2) an initial period of convective heating within an upflow zone followed by (3) a change in hydrologic or geologic conditions that initiates drainage of liquid from portions of the upflow zone; and (4) low-permeability barriers that inhibit the movement of cold water into the vapor zone. Simulations of thermal fluid withdrawal south of LVNP, carried out in order to determine the effects of such withdrawal on portions of the hydrothermal system within the Park, generally showed decreases in pressure and liquid saturation beneath the vapor zone which resulted in temporary increases and subsequent decreases in the rate of upflow of steam. A generalized production-injection scenario that could mitigate the effects of development on both the high-chloride and steam-fed features was identified.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR021i006p00853","usgsCitation":"Ingebritsen, S.E., and Sorey, M., 1985, A quantitative analysis of the Lassen hydrothermal system, north central California: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 6, p. 853-868, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR021i006p00853.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"853","endPage":"868","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220341,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Lassen hydrothermal system","volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9071e4b0c8380cd7fd3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ingebritsen, S. E.","contributorId":8078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013033,"text":"70013033 - 1985 - Geochemical investigations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins in the subsurface environment at an abandoned wood-treatment facility","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T11:22:42","indexId":"70013033","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical investigations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins in the subsurface environment at an abandoned wood-treatment facility","docAbstract":"

The discharge of effluents containing creosote and pentachlorophenol into two unlined surface impoundments at a wood-treatment facility in Pensacola, Florida, resulted in contamination of the underlying sand and gravel aquifer. These wastes contained significant amounts of chlorinated dioxins, such as isomers of hexa- and heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins and octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, probably derived from commercial pentachlorophenol. Geochemical investigations of pond sludge, groundwater and porous media from the unsaturated and saturated zones indicated that these geologic materials were contaminated by chlorinated dioxins. The fate and movement of these compounds in the subsurface environment were studied using the technique of GC-MS-MS. Chlorinated dioxins migrated both vertically and horizontally in the subsurface and were present at considerable distances from the source of contamination. Concentrations of chlorinated dioxins in groundwater were several orders of magnitude lower than in porous media from the unsaturated and saturated zones. Ratios of the various isomers remained relatively constant in highly contaminated areas. However, in less contaminated areas, isomer ratios changed dramatically; at certain locations, one hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin isomer predominated. The environmental significance of these compounds is discussed.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620040507","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Pereira, W.E., Rostad, C., and Sisak, M., 1985, Geochemical investigations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins in the subsurface environment at an abandoned wood-treatment facility: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 4, no. 5, p. 629-639, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620040507.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"629","endPage":"639","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219952,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1985-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1649e4b0c8380cd5510b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pereira, W. E.","contributorId":46981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pereira","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rostad, C.E.","contributorId":50939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sisak, M.E.","contributorId":24912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisak","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013263,"text":"70013263 - 1985 - Copper and silver accumulation in transplanted and resident clams (Macoma balthica) in South San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T10:54:00","indexId":"70013263","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2664,"text":"Marine Environmental Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Copper and silver accumulation in transplanted and resident clams (Macoma balthica) in South San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"

Accumulation of Cu and Ag by soft tissues of the deposit-feeding clam Macoma balthica was less than half in clams transplanted to a contaminated area than in clams native to that area. During a period of tissue growth, the transplants retained 50% and 90%, respectively, of the net Cu and Ag accumulated, but loss of metals from soft tissue by the resident population equalled net accumulation. Copper accumulation in the transplants did not occur during some periods when increases in the metal body burden of the resident population indicated that environmental exposures were high. The difference in metal accumulation of the two groups of clams may be the result of past environmental exposures. The results illustrate some limitations of using transplants as indicators of pollution events or of pollutant impact upon resident populations.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0141-1136(85)90133-3","issn":"01411136","usgsCitation":"Cain, D., and Luoma, S.N., 1985, Copper and silver accumulation in transplanted and resident clams (Macoma balthica) in South San Francisco Bay: Marine Environmental Research, v. 15, no. 2, p. 115-135, https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-1136(85)90133-3.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"135","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.84912109375,\n 37.274052809979054\n ],\n [\n -121.57470703125,\n 37.274052809979054\n ],\n [\n -121.57470703125,\n 37.88352498087131\n ],\n [\n -122.84912109375,\n 37.88352498087131\n ],\n [\n -122.84912109375,\n 37.274052809979054\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbf7e4b0c8380cd4e060","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cain, D.J.","contributorId":68329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012261,"text":"70012261 - 1985 - Unit hydrograph approximations assuming linear flow through topologically random channel networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-05T20:03:23","indexId":"70012261","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unit hydrograph approximations assuming linear flow through topologically random channel networks","docAbstract":"

The instantaneous unit Hydrograph (IUH) of a drainage basin is derived in terms of fundamental basin characteristics (Z, α, β), where α parameterizes the link (channel segment) length distribution, and β is a vector of hydraulic parameters, Z is one of three basin topological properties, N, (N, D), or (N, M), where N is magnitude (number of first-order streams), D is diameter (mainstream length), and M is order. The IUH is derived based on assumptions that the links are independent and identically distributed random variables and that the network is a member of a topologically random population. Linear routing schemes, including translation, diffusion, and general linear routing are used, and constant drainage density is assumed. By using (N, α, β) as the fundamental basin characteristics, asymptotic (for large N) considerations lead to a Weibull probability density function for the IUH, with time to peak given by tp = (2N)½ α*/β* where α* is mean link length, and β* is a scalar hydraulic parameter (usually average celerity). This asymptotic IUH is identical for all linear routing schemes.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR021i005p00743","usgsCitation":"Troutman, B.M., and Karlinger, M.R., 1985, Unit hydrograph approximations assuming linear flow through topologically random channel networks: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 5, p. 743-754, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR021i005p00743.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"743","endPage":"754","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc88e4b08c986b328cb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Troutman, Brent M.","contributorId":195329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Troutman","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlinger, Michael R.","contributorId":10777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlinger","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013313,"text":"70013313 - 1985 - The use of natural waters as U.S. Geological Survey reference samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-30T16:47:11.472811","indexId":"70013313","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The use of natural waters as U.S. Geological Survey reference samples","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey conducts research and collects hydrologic data relating to the Nation's water resources. Two water quality laboratories in Atlanta, Georgia, and Denver, Colorado, support the national research programs, and provide chemical analyses of natural waters for the data program. Additional chemical water quality data are provided by cooperator and contract laboratories.

Continuous quality assurance efforts with these laboratories require several thousand reference samples each year. Reference samples approximating actual field samples provide the most realistic quality assurance for the laboratories. Seven types of natural matrix reference water samples are prepared for use in the Survey's quality assurance program. These include samples containing major constituents, trace metals, nutrients, herbicides, insecticides, trace metals in a water and suspended-sediment mixture, and precipitation (snowmelt). To prepare these reference samples, natural water is collected in plastic drums and the sediment is allowed to settle. The water is then filtered, selected constituents are added, and if necessary the water is acidified and sterilized by ultraviolet irradiation before bottling in plastic or glass. More than 1000 1-L samples of a given type may be prepared at a time. These reference samples are distributed twice yearly to more than 100 laboratories for chemical analysis. The most probable values for each constituent are determined by evaluating the data submitted by the laboratories using statistical techniques recommended by ASTM.

A stockpile of several thousand reference samples is maintained by the preparation of new samples as needed. Periodically, some of these samples are submitted to laboratories as “unknowns”. When the analytical data for these samples are reported and evaluated, problem areas detected are promptly reported to the respective laboratory.

Use of both identified and unidentified reference samples provides some of the quality assurance data necessary to ensure the continuing accuracy of chemical analyses obtained to support the Survey's basic water-data collection and research program activities.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quality Assurance for Environmental Measurements","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Quality Assurance for Environmental Measurements","conferenceDate":"Aug 8-12, 1983","conferenceLocation":"Boulder, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASTM","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA, USA","doi":"10.1520/STP30311S","issn":"","isbn":"","usgsCitation":"Janzer, V.J., 1985, The use of natural waters as U.S. Geological Survey reference samples, in Quality Assurance for Environmental Measurements, Boulder, CO, USA, Aug 8-12, 1983, p. 319-333, https://doi.org/10.1520/STP30311S.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"333","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbb7fe4b08c986b32866b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Janzer, Victor J.","contributorId":36119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janzer","given":"Victor","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012263,"text":"70012263 - 1985 - Water-level changes in the Ogallala aquifer, northwestern Oklahoma.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:03","indexId":"70012263","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2944,"text":"Oklahoma Geology Notes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water-level changes in the Ogallala aquifer, northwestern Oklahoma.","docAbstract":"The Ogallala aquifer, that part of the High Plains aquifer in Oklahoma, is part of a regional aquifer system that underlies parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. In 1978 the US Geological Survey began a 5- year study of the High Plains regional aquifer system to provide hydrologic information for evaluation of the effects of long-term development of the aquifer and to develop a capability for predicting aquifer response to various ground-water-management alternatives (Weeks, 1978). -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oklahoma Geology Notes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00301736","usgsCitation":"Havens, J., 1985, Water-level changes in the Ogallala aquifer, northwestern Oklahoma.: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 45, no. 5, p. 205-210.","startPage":"205","endPage":"210","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcd4de4b08c986b32dfac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Havens, J.S.","contributorId":12043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Havens","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29912,"text":"wri854087 - 1985 - Ground-water flow in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer related to contamination by coal-tar derivatives, St. Louis Park, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-13T19:17:59.193897","indexId":"wri854087","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4087","title":"Ground-water flow in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer related to contamination by coal-tar derivatives, St. Louis Park, Minnesota","docAbstract":"

A three-dimensional, ground-water-flow model of the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer and associated hydrogeologic units was developed to evaluate the movement of coal-tar derivatives from a coal-tar distillation and wood-preserving plant in St. Louis Park, Minnesota. A finite-difference grid was superimposed on the modeled area, which includes most of eastern Hennepin County. The individual cells are 400-foot squares in the center of the grid (St. Louis Park area); the cells increase in dimension toward the outside limits of the grid. Five geologic units are represented by four layers in the model. These units include the Jordan Sandstone, the Prairie du Chien Group (dolomite and sandy dolomite), the basal confining unit of the St. Peter Sandstone (silty and sandy shale), the St. Peter Sandstone, and glacial deposits in bedrock valleys.

The model was calibrated for steady-state conditions for a period before significant ground-water development (1885-1930) and for a period of significant pumping stress (winter conditions, 1970 fs). A transient calibration was accomplished by simulation of a period during which seasonal changes in potentiometric head in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer were significant (1977-80). Sensitivity testing indicated that leakage to the upper model layer and the vertical hydraulic conductivity of the basal confining unit of the St. Peter Sandstone were the model hydrologic properties which, when changed, resulted in the greatest changes in model-calculated water levels. The calibrated model generally calculates water levels that are within 10 feet of measured values.

Model simulations indicate that the potentiometric surface of the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer would be raised by as much as 3 feet in the area of the plant site by water introduced into the aquifer through wells open to more than one aquifer system. The cones of impression created at these wells could have a significant impact on the transport of contaminants in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan.

The presence of coal-tar derivatives in the aquifer has been difficult to explain in wells located upgradient from the plant site to the north, west, and southwest. Simulations suggest that, during periods of heavy withdrawal from certain of these wells (SLP10, SLP15, and SLP5), local hydraulic gradients may have been altered, resulting in the potential for the movement of contaminants from the area of the plant site to the wells. Cones of impression at multiaquifer wells near the plant site contributed to the alteration of local gradients.

Simulation of a proposed gradient-control plan, in which lateral homogeneity and isotropy of individual hydro geologic units was assumed, indicates that the actions would be effective in limiting expansion of the contaminated volume in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer. The plan includes the control of withdrawal from five wells. The simulations also show, however, that modelcalculated potentiometric surfaces are sensitive to changes in withdrawal rates at wells not intended to be under the control of the plan. Management of discharge from these wells also will be important to overall effectiveness of the remedial-action plan.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri854087","usgsCitation":"Stark, J., and Hult, M.F., 1985, Ground-water flow in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer related to contamination by coal-tar derivatives, St. Louis Park, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4087, v, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854087.","productDescription":"v, 57 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414036,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36260.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":119515,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4087/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58730,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4087/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"St. Louis Park","otherGeospatial":"Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.167,\n 45.083\n ],\n [\n -93.583,\n 45.083\n ],\n [\n -93.583,\n 44.783\n ],\n [\n -93.167,\n 44.783\n ],\n [\n -93.167,\n 45.083\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cd74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stark, J. R.","contributorId":100406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stark","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hult, M. F.","contributorId":29817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hult","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26047,"text":"wri854169 - 1985 - Major and trace-element analyses of acid mine waters in the Leviathan Mine drainage basin, California/Nevada; October, 1981 to October, 1982","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-17T19:47:15.067137","indexId":"wri854169","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4169","title":"Major and trace-element analyses of acid mine waters in the Leviathan Mine drainage basin, California/Nevada; October, 1981 to October, 1982","docAbstract":"

Water issuing from the inactive Leviathan open-pit sulfur mine has caused serious degradation of the water quality in the Leviathan/Bryant Creek drainage basin which drains into the East Fork of the Carson River. As part of a pollution abatement project of the California Regional Water Quality Control Board, the U.S. Geological Survey collected hydrologic and water quality data for the basin during 1981-82. During this period a comprehensive sampling survey was completed to provide information on trace metal attenuation during downstream transport and to provide data for interpreting geochemical processes. This report presents the analytical results from this sampling survey. Sixty-seven water samples were filtered and preserved on-site at 45 locations and at 3 different times. Temperature, discharge, pH, and Eh and specific conductance were measured on-site. Concentrations of 37 major and trace constituents were determined later in the laboratory on preserved samples. The quality of the analyses was checked by using two or more techniques to determine the concentrations including d.c.-argon plasma emission spectrometry (DCP), flame and flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry, UV-visible spectrophotometry, hydride-generation atomic absorption spectrophotometry and ion chromatography. Additional quality control was obtained by comparing measured to calculated conductance, comparing measured to calculated Eh (from Fe-2 +/Fe-3+ determinations), charge balance calculations and mass balance calculations for conservative constituents at confluence points. Leviathan acid mine waters contain mg/L concentrations of As, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, T1, V and Zn, and hundreds to thousands of mg/L concentrations of Al, Fe, and sulfate at pH values as low as 1.8. Other elements including Ba, B, Be, Bi, Cd , Mo, Sb, Se and Te are elevated above normal background concentrations and fall in the microgram/L range. The chemical and 34 S/32 S isotopic analyses demonstrate that these acid waters are derived from pyrite oxidation and not from the oxidation of elemental sulfur. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854169","usgsCitation":"Ball, J., and Nordstrom, D.K., 1985, Major and trace-element analyses of acid mine waters in the Leviathan Mine drainage basin, California/Nevada; October, 1981 to October, 1982: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4169, v, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854169.","productDescription":"v, 46 p.","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415876,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36324.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":54824,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4169/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123446,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4169/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Leviathan Mine drainage basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.722,\n 38.828\n ],\n [\n -119.722,\n 38.669\n ],\n [\n -119.583,\n 38.669\n ],\n [\n -119.583,\n 38.828\n ],\n [\n -119.722,\n 38.828\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649741","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ball, J.W.","contributorId":67507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":195710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012675,"text":"70012675 - 1985 - Geochemistry of Great Salt Lake, Utah I: Hydrochemistry since 1850","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T11:16:52","indexId":"70012675","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of Great Salt Lake, Utah I: Hydrochemistry since 1850","docAbstract":"The hydrochemistry of Great Salt Lake, Utah, has been defined for the historic period, 1850 through 1982, from published data combined with new observations. The water balance depends largely on river inflow, atmospheric precipitation onto the lake surface and evaporation. Input of the major solutes can best be accounted for by mixing dilute calcium-bicarbonate type river waters with NaCl-dominated hydrothermal springs. Prior to 1930, lake concentrations fluctuated inversely with lake volume in response to small climatic variations. Since then, salt precipitation and dissolution have significantly modified lake brine compositions and have led to density stratification and the formation of brine pockets of differing composition. Brine mixing has become an important component of brine evolution. We have used calculated evaporation curves with mineral precipitation and dissolution to clarify these processes. Pore fluids represent important storage for solutes. Solute profiles can be modeled by simple one-dimensional diffusion calculations. Short-term historic variations in lake composition affect shallow pore fluids in the upper 2 metres of sediment. ?? 1985.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(85)90167-X","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Spencer, R.J., Eugster, H., Jones, B., and Rettig, S., 1985, Geochemistry of Great Salt Lake, Utah I: Hydrochemistry since 1850: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 49, no. 3, p. 727-737, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(85)90167-X.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"727","endPage":"737","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222318,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Salt Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.22509765625,\n 40.6306300839918\n ],\n [\n -111.8792724609375,\n 40.6306300839918\n ],\n [\n -111.8792724609375,\n 41.713930073371294\n ],\n [\n -113.22509765625,\n 41.713930073371294\n ],\n [\n -113.22509765625,\n 40.6306300839918\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16e3e4b0c8380cd552d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spencer, R. J.","contributorId":56664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eugster, H.P.","contributorId":99992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eugster","given":"H.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, B.F.","contributorId":52156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rettig, S.L.","contributorId":42592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rettig","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70012732,"text":"70012732 - 1985 - Thermodynamic stability of CoOOH and its coprecipitation with manganese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T10:59:36","indexId":"70012732","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermodynamic stability of CoOOH and its coprecipitation with manganese","docAbstract":"

A precipitate of cobalt oxyhydroxides formed by bubbling oxygen through a dilute solution of Co(NO3)2 held at pH 9.0 and 25°C was aged for 23 months in contact with the original solution, with access to atmospheric oxygen. Co3O4 and CoOOH were identified in the precipitate by X-ray diffraction. Chemical equilibria involving these solids were evaluated by measurements of solution pH and Co2+ activities and by redox potential measurements and gave a &#x394;GcoOOH0\">ΔGcoOOH0 of &#x2212;92.3 &#xB1; 0.5 kcal/mole\">−92.3 ± 0.5 kcal/mole. This value and other thermodynamic data show relative feasibility of hypothetical reaction steps and changes in reaction paths during automated coprecipitation titrations and subsequent aging of a precipitate that finally contained βMnOOH, MnO2 (birnessite) and CoOOH.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(85)90173-5","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Hem, J., Roberson, C.E., and Lind, C.J., 1985, Thermodynamic stability of CoOOH and its coprecipitation with manganese: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 49, no. 3, p. 801-810, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(85)90173-5.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"801","endPage":"810","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222322,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb27ce4b08c986b325826","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hem, J.D.","contributorId":54576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hem","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roberson, C. E.","contributorId":40190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lind, Carol J.","contributorId":36110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lind","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012805,"text":"70012805 - 1985 - Reduction of hexavalent chromium in water samples acidified for preservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T11:08:06","indexId":"70012805","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reduction of hexavalent chromium in water samples acidified for preservation","docAbstract":"

Reduction of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in water samples, preserved by standard techniques, was investigated. The standard preservation technique for water samples that are to be analyzed for Cr(VI) consists of filtration through a 0.45‐µm membrane, acidification to a pH < 2, and storage in plastic bottles. Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of H+ concentration, NO2, temperature, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). The rate of reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) increased with increasing NO2, DOC, H+, and temperature. Reduction of Cr(VI) by organic matter occurred in some samples even though the samples were unacidified. Reduction of Cr(VI) is inhibited to an extent by storing the sample at 4°C. Stability of Cr(VI) in water is variable and depends on the other constituents present in the sample. Water samples collected for the determination of Cr(VI) should be filtered (0.45‐µm membrane), refrigerated, and analyzed as quickly as possible. Water samples should not be acidified. Measurement of total Cr in addition to Cr(VI) can serve as a check for Cr(VI) reduction. If total Cr is greater than Cr(VI), the possibility that Cr(VI) reduction has occurred needs to be considered.


","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2134/jeq1985.00472425001400030017x","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Stollenwerk, K.G., and Grove, D., 1985, Reduction of hexavalent chromium in water samples acidified for preservation: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 14, no. 3, p. 396-399, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1985.00472425001400030017x.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"396","endPage":"399","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a3dce4b0e8fec6cdb9e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stollenwerk, Kenneth G. kgstolle@usgs.gov","contributorId":578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stollenwerk","given":"Kenneth","email":"kgstolle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":779763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grove, D.B.","contributorId":56689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013072,"text":"70013072 - 1985 - Geophysical techniques for reconnaissance investigations of soils and surficial deposits in mountainous terrain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T10:43:40","indexId":"70013072","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical techniques for reconnaissance investigations of soils and surficial deposits in mountainous terrain","docAbstract":"

Two techniques were assessed for their capabilities in reconnaissance studies of soil characteristics: depth to the water table and depth to bedrock beneath surficial deposits in mountainous terrain. Ground-penetrating radar had the best near-surface resolution in the upper 2 m of the profile and provided continuous interpretable imagery of soil profiles and bedrock surfaces. Where thick colluvium blankets side slopes, the GPR could not consistently define the bedrock interface. In areas with clayey or shaley sediments, the GPR is also more limited in defining depth and is less reliable. Seismic refraction proved useful in determining the elevation of the water table and depth to bedrock, regardless of thickness of overlying material, but could not distinguish soil-profile characteristics.

","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1985.03615995004900060032x","issn":"03615995","usgsCitation":"Olson, C., and Doolittle, J., 1985, Geophysical techniques for reconnaissance investigations of soils and surficial deposits in mountainous terrain: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 49, no. 6, p. 1490-1498, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1985.03615995004900060032x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1490","endPage":"1498","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2878e4b0c8380cd5a147","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, C.G.","contributorId":13743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"C.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doolittle, J.A.","contributorId":188185,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doolittle","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012843,"text":"70012843 - 1985 - Separation of solute and particulate vectors of heavy metal uptake in controlled suspension-feeding experiments with Macoma balthica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T11:21:34","indexId":"70012843","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Separation of solute and particulate vectors of heavy metal uptake in controlled suspension-feeding experiments with Macoma balthica","docAbstract":"

Radioisotope labelling experiments with the estuarine clam, Macoma balthica, are described, in which a filter chamber device was used to separate solute metal uptake from uptake, of metals associated with suspended bacteria. Solute uptake contributed a majority of the 14-day total body burdens of 65Zn and 109Cd, whereas 57Co uptake largely resulted from ingestion of isotope-laden bacteria. In contrast to those for 109Cd and 65Zn, 57Co tissue distributions at 3 weeks differed significantly (p < 0.05) between feeding and non-feeding clams (housed within filter chambers). 

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00008711","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Harvey, R.W., and Luoma, S.N., 1985, Separation of solute and particulate vectors of heavy metal uptake in controlled suspension-feeding experiments with Macoma balthica: Hydrobiologia, v. 121, no. 2, p. 97-102, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00008711.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"102","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222170,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d41e4b08c986b318304","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012949,"text":"70012949 - 1985 - Field determination of the three-dimensional hydraulic conductivity tensor of anisotropic media: 2. Methodology and application to fractured rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T11:12:50","indexId":"70012949","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field determination of the three-dimensional hydraulic conductivity tensor of anisotropic media: 2. Methodology and application to fractured rocks","docAbstract":"

The analytical solutions developed in the first paper can be used to interpret the results of cross-hole tests conducted in anisotropic porous or fractured media. In the particular case where the injection and monitoring intervals are short relative to the distance between them, the test results can be analyzed graphically. From the transient variation of hydraulic head in a given monitoring interval, one can determine the directional hydraulic diffusivity, Kd(e)/Ss, and the quantity D/Ss, by curve matching. (Here Kd(e) is directional hydraulic conductivity parallel to the unit vector, e, pointing from the injection to the monitoring interval, Ss is specific storage, and D is the determinant of the hydraulic conductivity tensor, K.) The principal values and directions of K, together with Ss, can then be evaluated by fitting an ellipsoid to the square roots of the directional diffusivities. Ideally, six directional measurements are required. In practice, a larger number of measurements is often necessary to enable fitting an ellipsoid to the data by least squares. If the computed [Kd(e)/ss]½ values fluctuate so severely that a meaningful least squares fit is not possible, one has a direct indication that the subsurface does not behave as a uniform anisotropic medium on the scale of the test. Test results from a granitic rock near Oracle in southern Arizona are presented to illustrate how the method works for fractured rocks. At the site, the Oracle granite is shown to respond as a near-uniform, anisotropic medium, the hydraulic conductivity of which is strongly controlled by the orientations of major fracture sets. The cross-hole test results are shown to be consistent with the results of more than 100 single-hole packer tests conducted at the site.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR021i011p01667","usgsCitation":"Hsieh, P.A., Neuman, S.P., Stiles, G.K., and Simpson, E.S., 1985, Field determination of the three-dimensional hydraulic conductivity tensor of anisotropic media: 2. Methodology and application to fractured rocks: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 11, p. 1667-1676, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR021i011p01667.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1667","endPage":"1676","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0fb0e4b0c8380cd539a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hsieh, Paul A. 0000-0003-4873-4874 pahsieh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-4874","contributorId":1634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsieh","given":"Paul","email":"pahsieh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":39113,"text":"WMA - Office of Quality Assurance","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":364915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neuman, Shlomo P.","contributorId":189795,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neuman","given":"Shlomo","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stiles, Gary K.","contributorId":91175,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stiles","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simpson, Eugene S.","contributorId":116654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70012952,"text":"70012952 - 1985 - Overview of hydrologic-data collection by the US Geological Survey in Oklahoma.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:05","indexId":"70012952","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2944,"text":"Oklahoma Geology Notes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Overview of hydrologic-data collection by the US Geological Survey in Oklahoma.","docAbstract":"The US Geological Survey (USGS) collects hydrologic data from 1332 stream, lake, and ground-water sites in Oklahoma. Information on the quantity of water from a network of 123 streamflow stations, 30 lakes, 42 peak-flow stations, three low-flow stations, and on the quality of water from 40 stream locations is published each year in the USGS publication Water Resources Data for Oklahoma. Information on water levels from 1134 ground-water wells is currently published in cooperation with the State of Oklahoma in the USGS publication Ground-Water Levels in Observation Wells in Oklahoma. The data also are made available to the public as printouts from several computerized databases maintained by the USGS. -Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oklahoma Geology Notes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00301736","usgsCitation":"Hauth, L., 1985, Overview of hydrologic-data collection by the US Geological Survey in Oklahoma.: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 45, no. 4, p. 149-161.","startPage":"149","endPage":"161","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221861,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a720ee4b0c8380cd768d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hauth, L.D.","contributorId":48551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hauth","given":"L.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013071,"text":"70013071 - 1985 - Simulation of steady-state flow in three-dimensional fracture networks using the boundary-element method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T10:35:26","indexId":"70013071","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of steady-state flow in three-dimensional fracture networks using the boundary-element method","docAbstract":"

An efficient method for simulating steady-state flow in three-dimensional fracture networks is formulated with the use of the boundary-element method. The host rock is considered to be impervious, and the fractures can be of any orientation and areal extent. The fractures are treated as surfaces where fluid movement is essentially two-dimensional. Fracture intersections are regarded as one-dimensional fluid conduits. Hence, the three-dimensional geometric characteristics of the fracture geometry is retained in solutions of coupled sets of one- and two-dimentional equations. Use of the boundary-element method to evaluate the fluid responses in the fractures precludes the need to internally discretize the areal extent of the fractures. 

","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0309-1708(85)90049-1","issn":"03091708","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, A., and Andersson, J., 1985, Simulation of steady-state flow in three-dimensional fracture networks using the boundary-element method: Advances in Water Resources, v. 8, no. 3, p. 106-110, https://doi.org/10.1016/0309-1708(85)90049-1.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"106","endPage":"110","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220460,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9088e4b08c986b31956e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, A.M. 0000-0002-6425-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":88384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":365214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andersson, J.","contributorId":59558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersson","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70180827,"text":"70180827 - 1985 - Biological and hydrological evaluation of the fish ladder at Brooks River Falls, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T14:04:32","indexId":"70180827","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Biological and hydrological evaluation of the fish ladder at Brooks River Falls, Alaska","docAbstract":"

No abstract available 

","language":"English ","publisher":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Wilmot, R., and Burger, C.V., 1985, Biological and hydrological evaluation of the fish ladder at Brooks River Falls, Alaska.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334709,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5895a4d6e4b0fa1e59bc1ee7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilmot, R.L.","contributorId":97662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilmot","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burger, C. V.","contributorId":58219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burger","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70043935,"text":"70043935 - 1984 - Ground-water hydrology and projected effects of ground-water withdrawals in the Sevier Desert, Utah","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9548,"text":"ofr83688 - 1983 - Ground-water hydrology and projected effects of ground-water withdrawals in the Sevier Desert, Utah","indexId":"ofr83688","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water hydrology and projected effects of ground-water withdrawals in the Sevier Desert, Utah"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70043935,"text":"70043935 - 1984 - Ground-water hydrology and projected effects of ground-water withdrawals in the Sevier Desert, Utah","indexId":"70043935","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water hydrology and projected effects of ground-water withdrawals in the Sevier Desert, Utah"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-12T17:16:24","indexId":"70043935","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":294,"text":"Technical Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"79","title":"Ground-water hydrology and projected effects of ground-water withdrawals in the Sevier Desert, Utah","docAbstract":"The principal ground-water reservoir in the Sevier Desert is the unconsolidated basin fill. The fill has been divided generally into aquifers and confining beds, although there are no clearcut boundaries between these units--the primary aquifers are the shallow and deep artesian aquifers. Recharge to the ground-water reservoir is by infiltration of precipitation; seepage from streams, canals, reservoirs, and unconsumed irrigation water; and subsurface inflow from consolidated rocks in mountain areas and from adjoining areas. Discharge is by wells, springs, seepage to the Sevier River, evapotranspiration, and subsurface outflow to adjoining areas.","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared by the united States Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","usgsCitation":"Holmes, W.F., 1984, Ground-water hydrology and projected effects of ground-water withdrawals in the Sevier Desert, Utah: Technical Publication 79, vi, 54 p.","productDescription":"vi, 54 p.","numberOfPages":"61","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268046,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268045,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://waterrights.utah.gov/docSys/v920/w920/w92000a4.pdf"},{"id":332004,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=20-6-050"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Juab County","otherGeospatial":"Sevier Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.37890625,\n 38.91240739487225\n ],\n [\n -113.37890625,\n 39.97291055131899\n ],\n [\n -112.159423828125,\n 39.97291055131899\n ],\n [\n -112.159423828125,\n 38.91240739487225\n ],\n [\n -113.37890625,\n 38.91240739487225\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5129f326e4b04edf7e93f8c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, Walter F.","contributorId":31737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}