Plutonic rocks of Jurassic age exposed on the eastern, or Pacific, side of the Alaska–Aleutian Range batholith represent the roots of a magmatic arc generally considered to have been generated in response to northwest-directed subduction. These rocks form a compositionally continuous calc-alkaline suite that ranges from hornblende gabbro through quartz monzonite. Tonalite and quartz diorite are the dominant rock types.
Trend-surface analysis was used to examine the geographic variation of major oxides and a few simple oxide ratios for 102 samples from widely separated localities. Statistical tests indicate that most of the trends, although weak, are real. The direction of slope of the trends is approximately normal to the Jurassic magmatic arc K2O and SiO2 increase toward the east-southeast; the other oxides increase toward the west-northwest. The K2O trend accounts for about 19% of the variance in the data and is significant at > 99.9% level of confidence.
If the chemical trends reflect the approximate geometry of a paleosubduction zone, the polarity of the Jurassic magmatic arc is to the northwest. That is, the paleosubduction zone was on the northwest side of the arc, and subduction was directed toward the southeast. The paleosubduction zone is on the opposite side of the arc from the position that has generally been assumed, indicating that the Jurassic plutonic rocks were not generated in response to classical Andean-type convergent plate margins. The magmatic arc may have formed in an intra-ocean environment, and subsequently has been rafted northward and accreted to this part of the northern Pacific rim during the late Mesozoic. Middle and Upper Jurassic clastic sediments underlying Cook Inlet to the southeast, and derived from the magmatic arc, are classified as backarc deposits, rather than as an arc-trench gap sequence.
Distribution and isotopic composition (δ13C) of low molecular weight hydrocarbon gases were studied in Big Soda Lake (depth = 64 m), an alkaline, meromictic lake with permanently anoxic bottom waters. Methane increased with depth in the anoxic mixolimnion (depth = 20–35 m), reached uniform concentrations (55 μM/l) in the monimolimnion (35–64 m) and again increased with depth in monimolimnion bottom sediments (>400 μM/kg below 1 m sub-bottom depth). The μ13C[CH4] values in bottom sediment below 1 m sub-bottom depth (<−70 per mil) increased with vertical distance up the core (δ13C[CH4] = −55 per mil at sediment surface). Monimolimnion δ13C[CH4] values (−55 to −61 per mil) were greater than most δ13C[CH4] values found in the anoxic mixolimnion (92% of samples had δ13C[CH4] values between −20 and −48 per mil). No significant concentrations of ethylene or propylene were found in the lake. However ethane, propane, isobutane and n-butane concentrations all increased with water column depth, with respective maximum concentrations of 260, 80, 23 and 22 nM/l encountered between 50–60 m depth. Concentrations of ethane, propane and butanes decreased with depth in the bottom sediments. Ratios of
Growth and survival were compared for first‐feeding fry of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed a closed‐formula commercial preparation, BioDiet, or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service high nutrient density diets 398 or 406 for 14 weeks. Growth of fry fed BioDiet for 2, 3, 4, or 6 weeks from first feeding and then fed diet 406 for the rest of the 14‐week study was also examined. Growth was fastest in fish fed exclusively diets 398 or 406 for 14 weeks, or BioDiet for 2 weeks followed by diet 406 for 12 weeks; survival was about 68, 82, and 92% respectively, for these three groups. These results indicate that in Atlantic salmon fry growth was most rapid and survival highest among fish fed BioDiet for the first 2 or 3 weeks followed by diet 406.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1983)45[72:GASOAS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Lemm, C.A., 1983, Growth and survival of Atlantic salmon fed semimoist or dry starter diets: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 45, no. 2, p. 72-75, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1983)45[72:GASOAS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"72","endPage":"75","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129582,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a91e4b07f02db656b0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lemm, C. A.","contributorId":42162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemm","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1013640,"text":"1013640 - 1983 - Electrophoretic analysis of protein systems of Ctenopharyngodon idella (Val.), Hyophthalmichthys nobilis (Rich.) and the F1 triploid hybrid","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-07T16:16:22.744676","indexId":"1013640","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Electrophoretic analysis of protein systems of Ctenopharyngodon idella (Val.), Hyophthalmichthys nobilis (Rich.) and the F1 triploid hybrid","docAbstract":"Electrophoretic analysis was performed on eight protein systems (lactate dehydrogenase, liver esterases, superoxide dismutase, haemoglobin, isocitrate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogIuconate dehydrogenase, transferrin) in Ctenopharyngodon idella, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, and their F1 triploid hybrid. The data demonstrated codominant Mendelian inheritance at individual loci for each protein system. Transferrin and superoxide dismutase were the only proteins found to be polymorphic in either parental species. Both parental alleles were present and functional at each enzyme locus examined in the F1 triploid hybrid.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1095-8649.1983.tb04220.x","usgsCitation":"Beck, M., Biggers, C., and Dupree, H., 1983, Electrophoretic analysis of protein systems of Ctenopharyngodon idella (Val.), Hyophthalmichthys nobilis (Rich.) and the F1 triploid hybrid: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 22, no. 5, p. 603-611, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1983.tb04220.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"603","endPage":"611","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132326,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db606f93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beck, M.L.","contributorId":37692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biggers, C.J.","contributorId":46903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggers","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dupree, H.K.","contributorId":6785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dupree","given":"H.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1013931,"text":"1013931 - 1983 - Influence of the eyes and pineal gland on locomotor activity patterns of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-23T16:31:03.173377","indexId":"1013931","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":17824,"text":"Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of the eyes and pineal gland on locomotor activity patterns of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus","docAbstract":"The influence of the eyes and pineal gland on locomotor activity rhythms of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, and the extent to which varying light intensity altered these activity rhythms were evaluated. Locomotor activity was measured in normal, blinded, pinealectomized, and pinealectomized-blinded channel catfish exposed to a 12:12 light/dark photoperiod of decreasing light intensities (7,500, 175, and 0.7 lx). Normal, blinded, and pinealectomized fish exhibited nocturnal activity patterns which corresponded with the exogenous photoperiod. Fish without lateral eyes and pineal gland did not entrain to the photoperiod but had arrhythmic activity patterns. Neither treatment nor light intensity affected total locomotor activity. Blinding or pinealectomy decreased the level of dark-period activity at low light intensities, but the effect of light intensity was not observed in normal and pinealectomized-blinded fish. Normal and blinded fish under constant light or constant dark exhibited arrhythmic activity. The pineal gland functions as an extraretinal light receptor in channel catfish.
","language":"English","publisher":"The University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/physzool.56.1.30159960","usgsCitation":"Goudie, C.A., Davis, K.B., and Simco, B., 1983, Influence of the eyes and pineal gland on locomotor activity patterns of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus: Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology, v. 56, no. 1, p. 10-17, https://doi.org/10.1086/physzool.56.1.30159960.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"10","endPage":"17","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130845,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66dbb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goudie, C. A.","contributorId":97851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goudie","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, K. B.","contributorId":83869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simco, B.A.","contributorId":101216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simco","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011101,"text":"70011101 - 1983 - The mobility and distribution of heavy metals during the formation of first cycle red beds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-11T16:37:48.719172","indexId":"70011101","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The mobility and distribution of heavy metals during the formation of first cycle red beds","docAbstract":"Holocene-Pliocene sequence sampled in northern Baja California. Geochemical data supported by petrographic, X-ray, and SEM observations of mineralogical transformations, fission-track radiography, and uranium decay series measurements. Results indicate that metal content of the studied samples is inherited from constituent detrital minerals and that reddening of whole-rock samples does not promote major open-system migration of heavy metals. The amount of secondary iron oxides and the fraction of whole-rock metals associated with the oxides increase during red-bed development. Results suggest that developed red beds which are well flushed by suitable pore fluids may be sources of significant quantities of heavy metals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.78.8.1574","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Zielinski, R.A., Bloch, S., and Walker, T., 1983, The mobility and distribution of heavy metals during the formation of first cycle red beds: Economic Geology, v. 78, no. 8, p. 1574-1589, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.78.8.1574.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1574","endPage":"1589","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221502,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1983-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baddde4b08c986b323e2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zielinski, R. A. 0000-0002-4047-5129","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":106930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":360286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bloch, S.","contributorId":81249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bloch","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walker, T.R.","contributorId":57209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011100,"text":"70011100 - 1983 - Mixed-station extension of monthly streamflow records.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-16T07:55:18","indexId":"70011100","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mixed-station extension of monthly streamflow records.","docAbstract":"Monthly streamflow records at a site are sometimes extended by exploiting interstation correlation of streamflow, often through simple linear regression with a base station having a long-term record. An approach is presented which selects a base station from among several in a region for filling in missing data. It differs from traditional approaches in that different stations can be selected as the base station to fill in different values. Application of the approach demonstrated large reductions in the streamflow prediction error for two sites in Colorado.-from ASCE Publications Information","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1983)109:10(1272)","usgsCitation":"Alley, W., and Burns, A., 1983, Mixed-station extension of monthly streamflow records.: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 109, no. 10, p. 1272-1284, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1983)109:10(1272).","startPage":"1272","endPage":"1284","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":269431,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1983)109:10(1272)"},{"id":221426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b84e4b0c8380cd6f5e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alley, W.M.","contributorId":6853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burns, A.W.","contributorId":65498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014304,"text":"1014304 - 1983 - Effect of population density of lake trout in cylindrical jars on growth and oxygen consumption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-08T15:48:39.992779","indexId":"1014304","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of population density of lake trout in cylindrical jars on growth and oxygen consumption","docAbstract":"Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), initial weight 2.25 g, were reared at population densities of 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 fish in 6.55‐L cylindrical jars for 20 weeks with a mean water flow of 2.45 L/min. All fish survived the experiment. A significant (P < 0.05) reduction in growth occurred between population densities of 25 fish and those of 50 fish or more per jar, but differences among further increases beyond 50 fish were not significant. Total fish weight at the end of 20 weeks ranged progressively upward from 51.5 to 233.9 kg fish/m³ rearing space for fish at population densities of 25 to 125 per jar. Loading values were light at all densities, ranging upward from 0.14 to 0.62 kg fish/L per min flow. Total consumption of oxygen by fish in each jar increased with time (weeks) and population density. Oxygen consumption per unit weight of fish decreased significantly, however, with each successive 25‐fish increase in number of fish per jar. Mean specific gravity of the 25‐fish groups was less than that of fish of the other groups. Differences in population density did not significantly affect water flow rates, feed conversion, or condition factor (K) of the fish. The number of water exchanges per hour, ranging from 23.8 to 29.3 for the 25‐ to 125‐fish densities, tended to increase with each increase in population density.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1983)45[8:EOPDOL]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Poston, H.A., 1983, Effect of population density of lake trout in cylindrical jars on growth and oxygen consumption: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 45, no. 1, p. 8-13, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1983)45[8:EOPDOL]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131044,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625532","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poston, H. A.","contributorId":21893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poston","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011278,"text":"70011278 - 1983 - A review of distributed parameter groundwater management modeling methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-07T13:42:24","indexId":"70011278","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A review of distributed parameter groundwater management modeling methods","docAbstract":"Models which solve the governing groundwater flow or solute transport equations in conjunction with optimization techniques, such as linear and quadratic programing, are powerful aquifer management tools. Groundwater management models fall in two general categories: hydraulics or policy evaluation and water allocation. Groundwater hydraulic management models enable the determination of optimal locations and pumping rates of numerous wells under a variety of restrictions placed upon local drawdown, hydraulic gradients, and water production targets. Groundwater policy evaluation and allocation models can be used to study the influence upon regional groundwater use of institutional policies such as taxes and quotas. Furthermore, fairly complex groundwater-surface water allocation problems can be handled using system decomposition and multilevel optimization. Experience from the few real world applications of groundwater optimization-management techniques is summarized. Classified separately are methods for groundwater quality management aimed at optimal waste disposal in the subsurface. This classification is composed of steady state and transient management models that determine disposal patterns in such a way that water quality is protected at supply locations. Classes of research missing from the literature are groundwater quality management models involving nonlinear constraints, models which join groundwater hydraulic and quality simulations with political-economic management considerations, and management models that include parameter uncertainty.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR019i002p00305","usgsCitation":"Gorelick, S.M., 1983, A review of distributed parameter groundwater management modeling methods: Water Resources Research, v. 19, no. 2, p. 305-319, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR019i002p00305.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"319","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220971,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e550e4b0c8380cd46c9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gorelick, Steven M.","contributorId":8784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorelick","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011279,"text":"70011279 - 1983 - Importance of the Lu-Hf isotopic system in studies of planetary chronology and chemical evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-18T14:57:39.616946","indexId":"70011279","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Importance of the Lu-Hf isotopic system in studies of planetary chronology and chemical evolution","docAbstract":"The 176Lu-176Hf isotope method and its applications in earth sciences are discussed. Greater fractionation of Lu/Hf than Sm/Nd in planetary magmatic processes makes
Pilot Mountain, a hydrothermally altered monadnock within the Carolina slate belt, contains areas of anomalously high amounts of Cu, Mo, and Sn in the soils. Leaves of canopy trees in the mineralized zone also contain more copper than trees in a nearby control area. Spectral data were processed using a wave-form analysis technique to minimize background noise caused by canopy variations and slope effects. Areas of spectral changes in the chlorophyll absorption region seem to correlate well with areas containing anomalous metals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.78.4.605","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Milton, N., Collins, W., Chang, S., and Schmidt, R.G., 1983, Remote detection of metal anomalies on Pilot Mountain, Randolph County, North Carolina: Economic Geology, v. 78, no. 4, p. 605-617, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.78.4.605.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"605","endPage":"617","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221037,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1983-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa6e9e4b0c8380cd850f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milton, N.M.","contributorId":29415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milton","given":"N.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collins, W.","contributorId":29359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chang, Sheng-Huei","contributorId":10155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"Sheng-Huei","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmidt, R. G.","contributorId":107690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70011284,"text":"70011284 - 1983 - DIGITAL GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE UNITED STATES.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:33","indexId":"70011284","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"DIGITAL GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE UNITED STATES.","docAbstract":"The geologic map of the United States was published in 1974 by the U. S. Geological Survey. This major publication contains an enormous amount of information on the surficial geology of the United States. Many geologists have used this map as a research tool. Most have needed information from only specific parts of the map, and have manually extracted data from these areas. These data have then been combined with other geological information, much of which - especially that concerning minerals and energy - either is already in machine-readable computer files or is rapidly being converted to that form.","largerWorkTitle":"Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping","conferenceTitle":"Technical Papers of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the American Congress on Surveying and Mapping.","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"American Congress on Surveying & Mapping","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA, USA","usgsCitation":"Fulton, P., 1983, DIGITAL GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE UNITED STATES., in Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping, Washington, DC, USA, p. 165-174.","startPage":"165","endPage":"174","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221103,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd47e4b0c8380cd4e738","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fulton, Patricia","contributorId":104890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulton","given":"Patricia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011286,"text":"70011286 - 1983 - Geophysical Logging in Carbonate Aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-21T12:20:47.503248","indexId":"70011286","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical Logging in Carbonate Aquifers","docAbstract":"Some logging methods are inherently superior to others for the analysis of limestone and dolomite aquifers. Three such systems are the density, neutron, and acousticvelocity logs.
Relative percentages of limestone and dolomite, average matrix (grain) densities of the rock mixtures, and porosity of the rock mass can be calculated from density, neutron, and acoustic-velocity logs. Wells drilled before the 1960's generally were logged with an uncalibrated neutron tool. In some instances, the resultant curve can be empirically calibrated.
With supporting data from resistivity logs, apparent water resistivity (Rwa) can be estimated. Depending on rock and mud resistivities, the two most useful resistivity curves for water-quality studies are the deeply-focused laterolog and the induction log. For older wells, the standard electric log may be used, if the drilling mud is not salt-saturated.
Rwa contour maps derived from geophysical data are useful to outline areas of recharge, direction of probable ground-water flow, and location and salinity of brine areas. Another useful application of well logs is estimation of ground-water temperature. These temperatures are obtained from maximum-reading thermometer data that generally are recorded on each logging run. Maps of porosity can be used to outline potential areas for completing large-yield wells.
A reverse-right-oblique surface rupture, associated with a ML 2.5 earthquake, formed in a diatomite quarry near Lompoc, California, in the northwesternmost Transverse Ranges on April 7, 1981. The 575-m-long narrow zone of ruptures formed in clay interbeds in diatomite and diatomaceous shale of the Neogene Monterey Formation. The ruptures parallel bedding, dip 39°–59°S, and trend about N84°E on the north limb of an open symmetrical syncline. Maximum net slip was 25 cm; maximum reverse dip slip was 23 cm, maximum right-lateral strike slip was about 9 cm, and average net slip was about 12 cm. The seismic moment of the earthquake is estimated at 1 to 2 × 1018 dyne/cm and the static stress drop at about 3 bar. The removal of an average of about 44 m of diatomite resulted in an average load reduction of about 5 bar, which decreased the normal stress by about 3.5 bar and increased the shear stress on the tilted bedding plane by about 2 bar. The April 7,1981, event was a very shallow bedding-plane rupture, apparently triggered by crustal unloading.
In natural channels there are often long periods of low flow during which solutes have repeated opportunity for contact with relatively immobile bed materials. Such conditions can exist in very small pool-and-riffle mountain streams. If a solute can sorb onto bed materials, then both hydrodynamic and chemical processes control solute transport. A simulation of these processes is presented for a carefully controlled and intensively monitored strontium injection experiment. The numerical model couples nonreactive, transient storage with a kinetic mass transport model for sorption. The results are compared to both in-stream and on-sediment strontium measurements. In mountain streams the stream hydrology is complex and is governed by a wide variety of time and distance scales. The present simulations assist in interpreting the relative roles of hydrologic and sorptive kinetic processes, and indicate the practical limits of our process and parameter knowledge. The simulations are relatively insensitive to the details of the kinetic mechanisms and to the spatial variability of the stream parameters.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR019i003p00732","usgsCitation":"Bencala, K.E., 1983, Simulation of solute transport in a mountain pool-and-riffle stream with a kinetic mass transfer model for sorption: Water Resources Research, v. 19, no. 3, p. 732-738, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR019i003p00732.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"732","endPage":"738","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221226,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9083e4b08c986b319552","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":360765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011299,"text":"70011299 - 1983 - Evidence for dyke intrusion earthquake mechanisms near long valley caldera, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:29","indexId":"70011299","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for dyke intrusion earthquake mechanisms near long valley caldera, California","docAbstract":"A re-analysis of the magnitude 6 earthquakes that occurred near Long Valley caldera in eastern California on 25 and 27 May 1980, suggests that at least two of them, including the largest, were probably caused by fluid injection along nearly vertical surfaces and not by slip on faults. Several investigators 1,2 have reported difficulty in explaining both the long-period surface-wave amplitudes and phases and the locally recorded short-period body-wave first motions from these events, using conventional double-couple (shear fault) source models. They attributed this difficulty to: (1) complex sources, not representable by single-fault models; (2) artefacts of the analysis methods used; or (3) effects of wave propagation through hypothetical structures beneath the caldera. We show here that the data agree well with the predictions for a compensated linear-vector dipole (CLVD) equivalent-force system3 with its principal extensional axis horizontal and trending N 55-65?? E. Such a mechanism is what would be expected for fluid injection into dykes striking N 25-35?? W, which is the approximate strike of numerous normal faults in the area. ?? 1983 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/303323a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Julian, B., 1983, Evidence for dyke intrusion earthquake mechanisms near long valley caldera, California: Nature, v. 303, no. 5915, p. 323-325, https://doi.org/10.1038/303323a0.","startPage":"323","endPage":"325","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205106,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/303323a0"},{"id":221280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"303","issue":"5915","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d3be4b0c8380cd52ebf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Julian, B.R.","contributorId":101272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julian","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011300,"text":"70011300 - 1983 - The 1979 Homestead Valley earthquake sequence, California: Control of aftershocks and postseismic deformation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-28T16:47:40.36714","indexId":"70011300","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 1979 Homestead Valley earthquake sequence, California: Control of aftershocks and postseismic deformation","docAbstract":"The coseismic slip and geometry of the March 15, 1979, Homestead Valley, California, earthquake sequence are well constrained by precise horizontal and vertical geodetic observations and by data from a dense local seismic network. These observations indicate 0.52±0.10 m of right-lateral slip and 0.17±0.04 m of reverse slip on a buried vertical 6-km-long and 5-km-deep fault and yield a mean static stress drop of 7.2±1.3 MPa. The largest shock had MS = 5.6. Observations of the ground rupture revealed up to 0.1 m of right-lateral slip on two mapped faults that are subparallel to the modeled seismic slip plane. In the 1.9 years since the earthquakes, geodetic network displacements indicate that an additional 60±10 mm of postseismic creep took place. The rate of postseismic shear strain (0.53±0.13 μrad/yr) measured within a 30×30-km network centered on the principal events was anomalously high compared to its preearthquake value and the postseismic rate in the adjacent network. This transient cannot be explained by postseismic slip on the seismic fault but rather indicates that broadscale release of strain followed the earthquake sequence. We have calculated the postearthquake stress field caused by the modeled coseismic slip. We assume that failure is promoted when the sum of the shear stress plus 0.75 times the faultopening stress increases. Most aftershocks concentrate at points where the stresses are enhanced by 0.3 MPa (3 bars) or more; aftershocks are nearly absent where postearthquake stresses decrease by 0.3–0.5 MPa. Isolated off-fault clusters of aftershocks that locate at one fault length from the rupture plane are explainable by this hypothesis. We find that ground rupture and postseismic creep take place where near-surface stresses are calculated to increase within the preexisting fault zones. Two patches that extend 4 km from both ends of the seismic fault exhibited neither aftershocks nor measurable postseismic creep. The sensitivity of aftershocks and ground rupture to changes in stress that are less than 5% of the earthquake stress drop demonstrates that the region around the earthquakes was within a few percent of its failure threshold before the main shocks. The preearthquake stress field and the stress required for failure must also have been nearly uniform.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB088iB08p06477","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Stein, R., and Lisowski, M., 1983, The 1979 Homestead Valley earthquake sequence, California: Control of aftershocks and postseismic deformation: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 88, no. B8, p. 6477-6490, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB088iB08p06477.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"6477","endPage":"6490","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221281,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba627e4b08c986b320f13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stein, R.S.","contributorId":8875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lisowski, M.","contributorId":70381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011302,"text":"70011302 - 1983 - A description of the external and internal quiet daily variation currents at North American locations for a quiet-Sun year.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-12T11:28:08","indexId":"70011302","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1804,"text":"Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A description of the external and internal quiet daily variation currents at North American locations for a quiet-Sun year.","docAbstract":"An order 4, degree 12 spherical harmonic analysis of the smoothed quiet geomagnetic daily variations was used to separate the external and internal geomagnetic Sq field at North American locations for the quiet-Sun year, 1965. These fields were represented by a month-by-month display of equivalent current vortex systems with dominant, pre-noon foci. The focus reached 40o latitude near the June solstice and about 30o latitude near the December solstice. The daily range of Sq current amplitudes was largest in late July to early August and smallest in mid-December. Semi-annual variations of Sq currents dominated only the equatorial region. Daily maxima in mid-latitudes, occurred mostly near local noon in December to February and about 1 hr before noon in June to mid-October. -Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.1983.tb03806.x","usgsCitation":"Campbell, W., 1983, A description of the external and internal quiet daily variation currents at North American locations for a quiet-Sun year.: Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, v. 73, no. 1, p. 51-64, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1983.tb03806.x.","startPage":"51","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221283,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269143,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1983.tb03806.x"}],"volume":"73","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3b1e4b0c8380cd4619e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, W.H.","contributorId":30749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011303,"text":"70011303 - 1983 - SIMPLE METHOD FOR DETECTING ANOMALOUS FLUID MOTIONS IN BOREHOLES FROM CONTINUOUS TEMPERATURE LOGS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:29","indexId":"70011303","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"SIMPLE METHOD FOR DETECTING ANOMALOUS FLUID MOTIONS IN BOREHOLES FROM CONTINUOUS TEMPERATURE LOGS.","docAbstract":"Above a critical Rayleigh number, the fluid in a borehole convects. The aspect ratio of the convective motions is commonly between four and ten as determined by temperature-time recordings at fixed depths in cased holes. Aspect ratios greatly in excess of this range indicate anomalous fluid-flow in the hole such as might be caused by exchange of fluid among aquifers. Such high-aspect ratios can be detected from a single continuous temperature-depth log by taking the difference between the temperature gradient over a short interval and that over a longer spanning interval and dividing this difference by the gradient over the longer interval. This provides a measure of the gradient error (GE) from which an aspect ratio (AR) can be calculated. GEAR logs are presented for a large and a small diameter hole and for a large-diameter partially cased hole containing a small-diameter tubing. Refs.","largerWorkTitle":"Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council","conferenceTitle":"Geothermal Resources: Energy on Tap! Geothermal Resources Council 1983 Annual Meeting.","conferenceLocation":"Portland, OR, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Geothermal Resources Council","publisherLocation":"Davis, CA, USA","issn":"01935933","isbn":"093441257X","usgsCitation":"Diment, W.H., and Urban, T.C., 1983, SIMPLE METHOD FOR DETECTING ANOMALOUS FLUID MOTIONS IN BOREHOLES FROM CONTINUOUS TEMPERATURE LOGS., in Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council, v. 7, Portland, OR, USA, p. 485-490.","startPage":"485","endPage":"490","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221355,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf52e4b0c8380cd87515","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diment, William H.","contributorId":78797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diment","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Urban, Thomas C.","contributorId":53949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urban","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011306,"text":"70011306 - 1983 - Mine drainage and rock type influences on eastern Ohio stream water quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T14:49:46","indexId":"70011306","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mine drainage and rock type influences on eastern Ohio stream water quality","docAbstract":"Stream water during fair weather (base flow) is largely ground water discharge, which has been in contact with minerals of the underlying aquifer. Base flow water quality should therefore reflect aquifer mineralogy as well as upstream land use. Three upstream mining categories (unmined lands, abandoned coal mines, and reclaimed coal mines) differed in pH, specific conductance, sulfate, iron, aluminum, and alkalinity for 122 streams in eastern Ohio. Aquifer rock type influenced pH, specific conductance, sulfate, iron, and alkalinity. Reclamation returned many components of acid mine drainage to near unmined levels, although sulfate and specific conductance were not improved. Acid mine drainage problems were less severe in watersheds underlain by the calcareous Monongahela Formation. These results should apply to other Appalachian coal regions having similar rock units. Refs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1983.tb05936.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Helsel, D., 1983, Mine drainage and rock type influences on eastern Ohio stream water quality: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 19, no. 6, p. 881-887, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1983.tb05936.x.","startPage":"881","endPage":"887","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267768,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1983.tb05936.x"},{"id":221358,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a573ce4b0c8380cd6db49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helsel, D.R.","contributorId":57448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helsel","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7242,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, WI, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":360790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011308,"text":"70011308 - 1983 - Distribution of corticolous noncrustose lichens on trunks of Rocky Mountain junipers in Boulder County, Colorado.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-30T14:17:23.941701","indexId":"70011308","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1087,"text":"Bryologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of corticolous noncrustose lichens on trunks of Rocky Mountain junipers in Boulder County, Colorado.","docAbstract":"Nineteen species of noncrustose lichens were found on Juniperus scopulorum bark; 3 species had relatively high cover and frequency values and were characterized as typical lichens of Rocky Mountain junipers: Xanthoria fallax, Phaeophyscia hirsuta and Physcia caesia. Total cover per tree was low (4%) and most species preferred the N and E sides of trunk bases. These distributional trends may reflect gradients of exposure to wind, insolation, and rate of bark exfoliation. -Author Juniperus scopulorum Phaeophyscia hirsuta Physcia caesia Xanthoria fallax.","language":"English","publisher":"American Bryological and Lichenological Society","doi":"10.2307/3242712","usgsCitation":"Peard, J.L., 1983, Distribution of corticolous noncrustose lichens on trunks of Rocky Mountain junipers in Boulder County, Colorado.: Bryologist, v. 86, no. 3, p. 244-250, https://doi.org/10.2307/3242712.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"244","endPage":"250","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221437,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Boulder 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L.","contributorId":66674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peard","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011318,"text":"70011318 - 1983 - A short-pulse electromagnetic transponder for hole-to-hole use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-25T17:33:37.607312","indexId":"70011318","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A short-pulse electromagnetic transponder for hole-to-hole use","docAbstract":"We have made hole-to-hole observations through nearly 20 m of granite using an electromagnetic transponder (an active reflector) in one borehole and a single-hole short-pulse radar in another. We found that the transponder is inexpensive, operationally simple, and effective in extending the capability of a short-pulse borehole radar system to allow hole-to-hole operation without requiring timing cables. A detector in the transponder senses the arrival of each pulse from the radar (which may be millivolts in amplitude); each pulse detection triggers a kilovolt-amplitude pulse for retransmission. The transponder “echo” may be stronger than that of a passive reflector by a factor of as much as 120 dB. The result is an increase in range capability by a factor which depends on attenuation in the medium and hole-to-hole wavepath geometry. Single-hole reflection-mode echoes are still available at times prior to the transponder pulse arrival. The transponder is helpful in yielding velocity information, because the radar-transponder distance is known and the echo time is observed. Field tests have demonstrated that the transponder is a useful alternative to employing timing cables in some short-pulse hole-to-hole measurement situations.
","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.1984.6499195","issn":"01962892","usgsCitation":"Wright, D.L., Watts, R.D., and Bramsoe, E., 1983, A short-pulse electromagnetic transponder for hole-to-hole use: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. GE-22, no. 6, p. 720-725, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.1984.6499195.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"720","endPage":"725","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221579,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"GE-22","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf42e4b0c8380cd874a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, David L. dwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":1132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"David","email":"dwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":360827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watts, Raymond D.","contributorId":105713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bramsoe, Erik","contributorId":72448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bramsoe","given":"Erik","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70010366,"text":"70010366 - 1983 - Hafnium isotope results from mid-ocean ridges and Kerguelen","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-22T20:33:24","indexId":"70010366","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2588,"text":"LITHOS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hafnium isotope results from mid-ocean ridges and Kerguelen","docAbstract":"176Hf/177Hf ratios are presented for oceanic volcanics representing both extremes of the range of mantle HfNdSr isotopic variation. Hf from critical mid-ocean ridgebasalts shows that 176Hf/177Hf does indeed have a greater variability than 143Nd/144Nd and 87Sr/86Sr in the depleted mantle. This extra variation is essentially of a random nature, and can perhaps be understood in terms of known Rb/SrSm/NdLu/Hf fractionation relationships. At the other extreme of mantle isotopic composition, 176Hf/177Hf ratios for igneous rocks from the Indian Ocean island of Kerguelen show a closely similar variation to published 143Nd/144Nd ratios for the same samples. Comparison of HfNdSr c relationships for Tristan da Cunha, Kerguelen and Samoa reveals divergences in the mantle array for ocean island magma sources, and perhaps suggests that these irregularities are largely the result of an extra component of 87Sr/86Sr variation. ?? 1983.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"LITHOS","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0024-4937(83)90033-6","issn":"00244937","usgsCitation":"Jonathan, P.P., 1983, Hafnium isotope results from mid-ocean ridges and Kerguelen: LITHOS, v. 16, no. 1, p. 47-51, https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(83)90033-6.","startPage":"47","endPage":"51","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267967,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(83)90033-6"},{"id":219683,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f53e4b0c8380cd5ccba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jonathan, Patchett P.","contributorId":85323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jonathan","given":"Patchett","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}