{"pageNumber":"5269","pageRowStart":"131700","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165309,"records":[{"id":70001062,"text":"70001062 - 1977 - Stable isotopes in mineralogy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70001062","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:29","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3066,"text":"Physics and Chemistry of Minerals","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable isotopes in mineralogy","docAbstract":"Stable isotope fractionations between minerals are functions of the fundamental vibrational frequencies of the minerals and therefore bear on several topics of mineralogical interest. Isotopic compositions of the elements H, C, O, Si, and S can now be determined routinely in almost any mineral. A summary has been made of both published and new results of laboratory investigations, analyses of natural materials, and theoretical considerations which bear on the importance of temperature, pressure, chemical composition and crystal structure to the isotopic properties of minerals. It is shown that stable isotope studies can sometimes provide evidence for elucidating details of crystal structure and can be a powerful tool for use in tracing the reaction paths of mineralogical reactions. ?? 1977 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics and Chemistry of Minerals","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00307527","issn":"03421791","usgsCitation":"O’Neil, J.R., 1977, Stable isotopes in mineralogy: Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, v. 2, no. 1-2, p. 105-123, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00307527.","startPage":"105","endPage":"123","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":19043,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307527"},{"id":203683,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b2e4b07f02db5312ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Neil, J. R.","contributorId":69633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70000990,"text":"70000990 - 1977 - Application of Sr and O isotope relations to the petrogenesis of the alkaline rocks of the Red Hill complex, New Hampshire, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70000990","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:29","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of Sr and O isotope relations to the petrogenesis of the alkaline rocks of the Red Hill complex, New Hampshire, USA","docAbstract":"The Red Hill ring complex in central New Hampshire is composed of apparently cogenetic syenites, nepheline-sodalite syenite, and granite. The ages and petrogenetic relations among five of the six recognized units have been investigated by rubidiumstrontium and oxygen isotope analysis of whole rocks and separated minerals. Whole-rock samples from three syenite units are consistent with a single Rb-Sr isochron which gives an age of 198??3 m.y. and an initial (87Sr/86Sr)o ratio of 0.70330??0.00016 (??2 sigma; ??=1.42?? 10-11y-1). However, Sr isotope data for two other units, nepheline syenite and granite, are not consistent with this isochron but rather indicate higher initial ratios which range from 0.7033 to about 0.707. Whole-rock O isotope analyses give ??18O values which range from+6.2 to+9.3??? Sr and O isotope analyses on mineral separates indicate that observed whole-rock variations in (87Sr/86Sr)o are primary and are not due to any secondary process. The fact that the isotope systematics correlate with rock type, suggests that crustal interaction is likely to have played a significant role in the development of this over-and undersaturated association. Such process(es), while still not fully delineated, could be of fundamental importance to the genesis of associations of critically undersaturated and oversaturated intrusives. The data support the idea that interaction between magmas and crustal materials strongly influenced the compositional relations of similar complexes elsewhere including those of the White Mountain magma series. ?? 1977 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00371061","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Foland, K., and Friedman, I., 1977, Application of Sr and O isotope relations to the petrogenesis of the alkaline rocks of the Red Hill complex, New Hampshire, USA: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 65, no. 2, p. 213-225, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00371061.","startPage":"213","endPage":"225","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":19026,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00371061"},{"id":203524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67ab87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foland, K.A.","contributorId":13357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foland","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, I.","contributorId":95596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70001022,"text":"70001022 - 1977 - Distribution of pollutants from a new paper plant in southern Lake Champlain, Vermont and New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70001022","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:29","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of pollutants from a new paper plant in southern Lake Champlain, Vermont and New York","docAbstract":"From November of 1973 to May of 1974, 15 arrays of sediment traps were placed along 33 km of southern Lake Champlain to sample the distribution of effluent from a large paper plant located on the western shore which had commenced operation in 1971. In the arrays located near the effluent diffuser pipeline as much as 2.3 cm of sediment accumulated, whereas elsewhere in the lake less than 1 cm accumulated. In the area of accelerated accumulation, sediments contained high concentrations of several components used in or derived from paper manufacturing. Values for kaolinite, expressed as the ratio of kaolinite to chlorite, for example, were as high as 1.4, anatase (TiO2) concentrations were as high as 0.8%, organic carbon 8.7%, and phosphorus 254 ??g/g; all were more abundant than in sediments collected in traps to the south or north. In surficial bottom sediments collected near each array organic carbon and phosphorus were also higher (4.2% and 127 ??g/g respectively) near the diffuser than elsewhere. Thus, the new plant after three years of production measurably affected the composition of suspended sediment and surficial bottom sediment despite the construction and use of extensive facilities to reduce the flow of pollutants to the lake. ?? 1977 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02380502","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Mason, D., Folger, D.W., Haupt, R., McGirr, R., and Hoyt, W., 1977, Distribution of pollutants from a new paper plant in southern Lake Champlain, Vermont and New York: Environmental Geology, v. 1, no. 6, p. 341-347, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02380502.","startPage":"341","endPage":"347","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480615,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/46764>","text":"External Repository"},{"id":19037,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02380502"},{"id":203682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634f3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mason, D.L.","contributorId":40712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Folger, D. W.","contributorId":97126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folger","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haupt, R.S.","contributorId":24901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haupt","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGirr, R.R.","contributorId":29114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGirr","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hoyt, W.H.","contributorId":88069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoyt","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70000749,"text":"70000749 - 1977 - Application of epithermal neutron activation in multielement analysis of silicate rocks employing both coaxial Ge(Li) and low energy photon detector systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:38","indexId":"70000749","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:27","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2438,"text":"Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of epithermal neutron activation in multielement analysis of silicate rocks employing both coaxial Ge(Li) and low energy photon detector systems","docAbstract":"The instrumental activation analysis of silicate rocks using epithermal neutrons has been studied using both high resolution coaxial Ge(Li) detectors and low energy photon detectors, and applied to the determination of 23 elements in eight new U.S.G.S. standard rocks. The analytical use X-ray peaks associated with electron capture or internal conversion processes has been evaluated. Of 28 elements which can be considered to be determinable by instrumental means, the epithermal activation approach is capable of giving improved sensitivity and precision in 16 cases, over the normal INAA procedure. In eleven cases the use of the low energy photon detector is thought to show advantages over convertional coaxial Ge(Li) spectroscopy. ?? 1977 Akade??miai Kiado??.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF02517318","issn":"01340719","usgsCitation":"Baedecker, P.A., Rowe, J., and Steinnes, E., 1977, Application of epithermal neutron activation in multielement analysis of silicate rocks employing both coaxial Ge(Li) and low energy photon detector systems: Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry, v. 40, no. 1-2, p. 115-146, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02517318.","startPage":"115","endPage":"146","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":19013,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02517318"},{"id":203553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a990","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baedecker, P. A.","contributorId":95444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedecker","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowe, J.J.","contributorId":29460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steinnes, E.","contributorId":79603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steinnes","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70000748,"text":"70000748 - 1977 - Survey of trace elements in coals and coal-related materials by neutron activation analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:36","indexId":"70000748","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:27","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2438,"text":"Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survey of trace elements in coals and coal-related materials by neutron activation analysis","docAbstract":"Utilizing primarily instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and other analytical methods as many as 61 elements were quantitatively surveyed in 170 U.S. whole coals, 70 washed coals, and 40 bench samples. Data on areal and vertical distributions in various regions were obtained along with extensive information on the mode of occurrence of various elements in the coal matrix itself. ?? 1977 Akade??miai Kiado??.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF02520217","issn":"01340719","usgsCitation":"Ruch, R., Cahill, R., Frost, J., Camp, L., and Gluskoter, H., 1977, Survey of trace elements in coals and coal-related materials by neutron activation analysis: Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry, v. 38, no. 1-2, p. 415-424, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02520217.","startPage":"415","endPage":"424","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":19012,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02520217"},{"id":203609,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db6885c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruch, R.R.","contributorId":80804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruch","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cahill, R.A.","contributorId":66393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahill","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frost, J.K.","contributorId":45436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frost","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Camp, L.R.","contributorId":108235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camp","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gluskoter, H.J.","contributorId":75957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gluskoter","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70000750,"text":"70000750 - 1977 - The precision and accuracy of iterative and non-iterative methods of photopeak integration in activation analysis, with particular reference to the analysis of multiplets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:38","indexId":"70000750","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:27","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2438,"text":"Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The precision and accuracy of iterative and non-iterative methods of photopeak integration in activation analysis, with particular reference to the analysis of multiplets","docAbstract":"The relative precisions obtainable using two digital methods, and three iterative least squares fitting procedures of photopeak integration have been compared empirically using 12 replicate counts of a test sample with 14 photopeaks of varying intensity. The accuracy by which the various iterative fitting methods could analyse synthetic doublets has also been evaluated, and compared with a simple non-iterative approach. ?? 1977 Akade??miai Kiado??.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF02517230","issn":"01340719","usgsCitation":"Baedecker, P.A., 1977, The precision and accuracy of iterative and non-iterative methods of photopeak integration in activation analysis, with particular reference to the analysis of multiplets: Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry, v. 39, no. 1-2, p. 239-254, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02517230.","startPage":"239","endPage":"254","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":19014,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02517230"},{"id":203453,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a70e4b07f02db641c85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baedecker, P. A.","contributorId":95444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedecker","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70001087,"text":"70001087 - 1977 - Preliminary stress measurements in central California using the hydraulic fracturing technique","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:36","indexId":"70001087","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:21","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary stress measurements in central California using the hydraulic fracturing technique","docAbstract":"Use of the hydraulic fracturing technique for determining in situ stress is reviewed, and stress measurements in wells near the towns of Livermore, San Ardo, and Menlo Park, California are described in detail. In the Livermore well, four measurements at depths between 110 and 155 m indicate that the least principal compressive stress is horizontal and increases from 1.62 to 2.66 MPa. The apparent direction of maximum compression is N 70?? E (??40??). At the San Ardo site the least principal stress is that due to the overburden weight. At depths of 240.2 and 270.7 m the minimum and maximum horizontal stresses are estimated to be 11.4 and 22.5 MPa, and 12.0 (??1.1) and 15.8 (??3.3) MPa, respectively. From an impression of the fracture at 240.2 m, the direction of maximum compression appears to be about N 15?? E. The rock in the Menlo Park well is too highly fractured to yield a reliable measurement of the horizontal stresses. The data indicate, however, that the least principal stress is vertical (due to the overburden weight) to a depth of 250 m. ?? 1977 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01637101","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Zoback, M.D., Healy, J.H., and Roller, J., 1977, Preliminary stress measurements in central California using the hydraulic fracturing technique: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 115, no. 1-2, p. 135-152, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01637101.","startPage":"135","endPage":"152","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203362,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":19054,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01637101"}],"volume":"115","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aace4b07f02db66a62e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zoback, Mark D.","contributorId":80275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoback","given":"Mark","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Healy, J. H.","contributorId":48968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roller, J.C.","contributorId":12507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roller","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70001069,"text":"70001069 - 1977 - A crystal-chemical classification of borate structures with emphasis on hydrated borates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70001069","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:20","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3066,"text":"Physics and Chemistry of Minerals","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A crystal-chemical classification of borate structures with emphasis on hydrated borates","docAbstract":"The rules governing formation of hydrated borate polyanions that were proposed by C.L. Christ in 1960 are critically reviewed and new rules added on the basis of recent crystal structure determinations. Principles and classifications previously published by others are also critically reviewed briefly. The fundamental building blocks from which borate polyanions can be constructed are defined on the basis of the number n of boron atoms, and the fully hydrated polyanions are illustrated. Known structures are grouped accordingly, and a shorthand notation using n and symbols ?? = triangle, T = tetrahedron is introduced so that the polyanions can be easily characterized. For example, 3:??+2T describes [B3O3(OH)5]2-. Correct structural formulas are assigned borates with known structures whereas borates of unknown structure are grouped separately. ?? 1977 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics and Chemistry of Minerals","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00307525","issn":"03421791","usgsCitation":"Christ, C., and Clark, J.R., 1977, A crystal-chemical classification of borate structures with emphasis on hydrated borates: Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, v. 2, no. 1-2, p. 59-87, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00307525.","startPage":"59","endPage":"87","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203549,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":19046,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307525"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b111d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christ, C. L.","contributorId":53906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christ","given":"C. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, J. R.","contributorId":55764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70001074,"text":"70001074 - 1977 - The landslide hazard in the San Francisco Bay region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-04T14:39:30.865839","indexId":"70001074","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The landslide hazard in the San Francisco Bay region","docAbstract":"<p>Development in hilly or mountainous terrain has resulted in much landslide damage. Areas susceptible to landsliding can be recognized. Practices for minimizing landslides are presented.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00280865","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Brabb, E.E., 1977, The landslide hazard in the San Francisco Bay region: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 7, no. 2, p. 237-238, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00280865.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"238","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":378104,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00280865","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.22265625000001,\n              37.046408899699564\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.31103515625,\n              37.046408899699564\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.31103515625,\n              38.38472766885085\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.22265625000001,\n              38.38472766885085\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.22265625000001,\n              37.046408899699564\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a83e4b07f02db64b835","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brabb, E. E.","contributorId":43780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabb","given":"E.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5224833,"text":"5224833 - 1977 - Effects of tide cycles on habitat selection and habitat partitioning by migrating shorebirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-16T09:39:17","indexId":"5224833","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:27","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of tide cycles on habitat selection and habitat partitioning by migrating shorebirds","docAbstract":"<p><span>We studied assemblages of feeding shorebirds in three intertidal habitats on the coast of New Jersey during August to document how species segregate spatially both among and within habitats and to determine the effects of tidal cycles on these patterns. The habitats were a sandy beach facing the ocean proper (outer beach), a sandy beach on the mainland side of a barrier island (inner beach), and a small mudflat adjacent to a <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> salt marsh. We were able to identify several microhabitats on the outer beach and mudflat. Most species fed in more than one habitat, but only two, <i>Charadrius semipalmatus</i> and <i>Calidris canutus</i>, used all three habitats regularly. Within habitats, most species exhibited strong preferences for the wettest areas, but we found differences among species in degrees of preference. The least amount of partitioning occurred on the inner beach, where birds crowded into a small zone near the water's edge and had frequent agonistic encounters suggesting intense competition. Shorebird feeding activity was partly a function of tide time: each habitat had a characteristic temporal pattern of use by shorebirds related to tide time rather than diel time; within habitats, we found species-characteristic feeding activity rhythms that were also a function of tide time. Feeding by most species peaked during the first 2 hours after low tide on the outer beach and mudflat. The results are discussed in terms of feeding strategies and interspecific competition.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4085271","usgsCitation":"Burger, J., Howe, M., Hahn, D., and Chase, J., 1977, Effects of tide cycles on habitat selection and habitat partitioning by migrating shorebirds: The Auk, v. 94, no. 4, p. 743-758, https://doi.org/10.2307/4085271.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"743","endPage":"758","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db61004e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burger, J.","contributorId":25894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burger","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howe, M.A.","contributorId":70462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hahn, D.C. 0000-0002-5242-2059","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2059","contributorId":46447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hahn","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chase, J.","contributorId":62327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5221023,"text":"5221023 - 1977 - Light-footed clapper rail: The unknown endangered species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:45","indexId":"5221023","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:27","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":936,"text":"Audubon Imprint","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Light-footed clapper rail: The unknown endangered species","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Audubon Imprint","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Wilbur, S., 1977, Light-footed clapper rail: The unknown endangered species: Audubon Imprint, v. 2, no. 1, p. 1-3.","productDescription":"1-3","startPage":"1","endPage":"3","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196906,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a5399","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilbur, S.R.","contributorId":53908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilbur","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5222865,"text":"5222865 - 1977 - A comparison of 2 techniques for estimating deer density","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:03","indexId":"5222865","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:27","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":708,"text":"American Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of 2 techniques for estimating deer density","docAbstract":"We applied mark-resight and area-conversion methods to estimate deer abundance at a 2,862-ha area in and surrounding the Gettysburg National Military Park and Eisenhower National Historic Site during 1987-1991. One observer in each of 11 compartments counted marked and unmarked deer during 65-75 minutes at dusk during 3 counts in each of April and November. Use of radio-collars and vinyl collars provided a complete inventory of marked deer in the population prior to the counts. We sighted 54% of the marked deer during April 1987 and 1988, and 43% of the marked deer during November 1987 and 1988. Mean number of deer counted increased from 427 in April 1987 to 582 in April 1991, and increased from 467 in November 1987 to 662 in November 1990. Herd size during April, based on the mark-resight method, increased from approximately 700-1,400 from 1987-1991, whereas the estimates for November indicated an increase from 983 for 1987 to 1,592 for 1990. Given the large proportion of open area and the extensive road system throughout the study area, we concluded that the sighting probability for marked and unmarked deer was fairly similar. We believe that the mark-resight method was better suited to our study than the area-conversion method because deer were not evenly distributed between areas suitable and unsuitable for sighting within open and forested areas. The assumption of equal distribution is required by the area-conversion method. Deer marked for the mark-resight method also helped reduce double counting during the dusk surveys.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Storm, G., Cottam, D., Yahner, R., and Nichols, J., 1977, A comparison of 2 techniques for estimating deer density: American Birds, v. 31, no. 4, p. 197-203.","productDescription":"562","startPage":"197","endPage":"203","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198233,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16423,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3782895","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db5452a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storm, G.L.","contributorId":32888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storm","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cottam, D.F.","contributorId":61122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cottam","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yahner, R.H.","contributorId":56760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yahner","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5221075,"text":"5221075 - 1977 - Observations of birds in the Molokai Forest Reserve, July 1975","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-12T18:38:51","indexId":"5221075","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:27","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":601,"text":"'Elepaio","printIssn":"0013-6069","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations of birds in the Molokai Forest Reserve, July 1975","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.<br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Hawai'i Audobon Society","publisherLocation":"Honolulu, HI","usgsCitation":"Scott, J.M., Woodside, D., and Casey, T., 1977, Observations of birds in the Molokai Forest Reserve, July 1975: 'Elepaio, v. 38, no. 3, p. 25-27.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"27","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Molokai Forest Reserve","volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696561","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, J. M.","contributorId":55766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodside, D.H.","contributorId":102174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodside","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Casey, T.L.","contributorId":94761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casey","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5220928,"text":"5220928 - 1977 - Serum proteins of Canada goose (Branta canadensis) subspecies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-28T12:13:50.2751","indexId":"5220928","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:25","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Serum proteins of Canada goose (Branta canadensis) subspecies","docAbstract":"Serum proteins from nine subspecies of Canada Geese (Brunta canadensis) were analyzed through the use of column and slab acrylamide electrophoresis.  Variation was minimal within a subspecies, although all the subspecies were closely related. B. c. leucopareia appeared to be the most distinct subspecies, while maxima and moffitti were the most similar.  Our preliminary findings suggest that the electrophoresis techniques are sensitive enough to identify some of the subspecies; however, baseline data from breeding ranges of all subspecies are required.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1367177","usgsCitation":"Morgan, R., Sulkin, S.T., and Henny, C.J., 1977, Serum proteins of Canada goose (Branta canadensis) subspecies: Condor, v. 79, no. 2, p. 275-278, https://doi.org/10.2307/1367177.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"278","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480616,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1367177","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":197466,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5600","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morgan, R.P. II","contributorId":8427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"R.P.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sulkin, S. T.","contributorId":83631,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sulkin","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5220873,"text":"5220873 - 1977 - Atlantic Flyway review: Region V","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70184468,"text":"70184468 - 1977 - Atlantic Flyway review: Region V: Laurel, Prince Georges County, MD","indexId":"70184468","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Region V: Laurel, Prince Georges County, MD"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":5220873,"text":"5220873 - 1977 - Atlantic Flyway review: Region V","indexId":"5220873","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Region V"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T16:46:15","indexId":"5220873","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:25","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2881,"text":"North American Bird Bander","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Region V","docAbstract":"<p>Banding activities in Region V in 1975 were similar to those of 1974. The stations at Woodend and St. Michaels were discontinued, but a new station 5 miles south of St. Michaels was opened at Bellevue by Henry Armistead. For the locations of the various banding stations in Region V see the map in the 1974 report (North American Bird Bander 1:75-82).</p><p>As in the past several years, the great majority of the birds banded were caught at the three full-time stations: Adventure in the Potomac Valley near the fall line, Damsite on the east shore of Chesapeake Bay, and Kiptopeke at the mouth of Chesapeake Bay. At these three stations, 17,244 birds were banded during the 1975 fall season; this is 77% of the regional total of 22,315 birds. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Western, Inland, and Eastern Bird Banding Associations","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C.S., 1977, Atlantic Flyway review: Region V: North American Bird Bander, v. 2, no. 2, p. 79-85.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"85","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198585,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18336,"rank":300,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.westernbirdbanding.org/nabb.html","text":"Journal's Website","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aade4b07f02db66b396","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, Chandler S. crobbins@usgs.gov","contributorId":4275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Chandler","email":"crobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":332629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5220869,"text":"5220869 - 1977 - Fortieth breeding bird census. 28.  Upland tulip-tree-maple-oak forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:51","indexId":"5220869","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:25","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":708,"text":"American Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fortieth breeding bird census. 28.  Upland tulip-tree-maple-oak forest","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 1977, Fortieth breeding bird census. 28.  Upland tulip-tree-maple-oak forest: American Birds, v. 31, no. 1.","productDescription":"39","startPage":"39","numberOfPages":"39","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197104,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d4e4b07f02db5dd7a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5221397,"text":"5221397 - 1977 - Organochlorine pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyl residues in selected fauna from a New Jersey salt marsh--1967 vs. 1973","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-20T13:13:15","indexId":"5221397","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:24","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3038,"text":"Pesticides Monitoring Journal","onlineIssn":" 0031-615","printIssn":" 0031-615","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organochlorine pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyl residues in selected fauna from a New Jersey salt marsh--1967 vs. 1973","docAbstract":"More than a half million pounds of DDT were applied to control mosquitoes in salt marsh estuaries of Cape May County, New Jersey, from 1946 to 1966. The use of DDT was discontinued in the County after 1966. In 1967, mean concentrations of DDT and metabolites ranged from 0.63 to 9.05 ppm in aquatic fauna, but by 1973 mean residue levels had decreased 84 to 99 percent among nine species. DDE was still present at reduced levels in nearly all samples in 1973, but other DDT isomers had mostly disappeared. Dieldrin was detected only in clapper rails, and residue levels decreased during the period. Mean concentrations of PCB's increased in the clapper rail, remained the same in the fiddler crab and mud snail, and decreased in the sheepshead minnow, mummichog, striped killifish, and salt marsh snail. Small amounts of mirex, toxaphene, cis-chlordane (and/or trans-nonachlor), oxychlordane, and HCB were detected in a few specimens.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pesticides Monitoring Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Klaas, E., and Belisle, A.A., 1977, Organochlorine pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyl residues in selected fauna from a New Jersey salt marsh--1967 vs. 1973: Pesticides Monitoring Journal, v. 10, no. 4, p. 149-158.","productDescription":"149-158","startPage":"149","endPage":"158","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269759,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26096241"},{"id":198414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635328","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klaas, Erwin E.","contributorId":21487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaas","given":"Erwin E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belisle, A. A.","contributorId":77897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belisle","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5220937,"text":"5220937 - 1977 - Fall migration of woodcock at Cape May, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-14T20:18:48.691472","indexId":"5220937","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:24","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fall migration of woodcock at Cape May, New Jersey","docAbstract":"<p>From 1968 to 1973, 2,337 American woodcock (<i>Philohela minor</i>) were banded during late fall on the Cape May Peninsula of southern New Jersey. Direct recovery rates averaged 3.6 percent for hatching-year birds and 1.7 percent for adults. Distribution of recoveries indicated that Cape May migrants wintered on the coastal plain of Virginia and North Carolina. Indirect recoveries showed that Peninsula woodcock originated from as far north as New England and eastern Canada. The percentage of woodcock seen which were caught by night-lighting averaged 2.5 times greater from a truck than on foot. Age-sex structure of ban dings was similar each year with the overall composition as follows: immaturemales, 57 percent; immature females, 28 percent; adult males, 10 percent; and adult females, 5 percent. Compared to the continental population, there was an unusually high proportion of immature woodcock at Cape May during late fall.</p>","language":"English","doi":"10.2307/3800098","usgsCitation":"Krohn, W., Fieffenberger, J., and Ferrigno, F., 1977, Fall migration of woodcock at Cape May, New Jersey: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 41, no. 1, p. 104-111, https://doi.org/10.2307/3800098.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"104","endPage":"111","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198531,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Cape May County","city":"Cape 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,{"id":5220954,"text":"5220954 - 1977 - Breeding densities and migration periods of common snipe in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:01","indexId":"5220954","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:24","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding densities and migration periods of common snipe in Colorado","docAbstract":"Breeding densities and migration periods of Common Snipe in Colorado were investigated in 1974-75. Sites studied were near Fort Collins and in North Park, both in north central Colorado; in the Yampa Valley in northwestern Colorado; and in the San Luis Valley in south central Colorado....Estimated densities of breeding snipe based on censuses conducted during May 1974 and 1975 were, by region: 1.3-1.7 snipe/ha near Fort Collins; 0.6 snipe/ha in North Park; 0.5-0.7 snipe/ha in the Yampa Valley; and 0.5 snipe/ha in the San Luis Valley. Overall mean densities were 06 and 0.7 snipe/ha in 1974 and 1975 respectively. On individual study sites, densities of snipe ranged from 0.2 to 2.1 snipe/ha. Areas with shallow, stable, discontinuous water levels, sparse, short vegetation, and soft organic soils had the highest densities.....Twenty-eight nests were located having a mean clutch size of 3.9 eggs. Estimated onset of incubation ranged from 2 May through 4 July. Most nests were initiated in May.....Spring migration extended from late March through early May. Highest densities of snipe were recorded in all regions during l&23 April. Fall migration was underway by early September and was completed by mid-October with highest densities occurring about the third week in September. High numbers of snipe noted in early August may have been early migrants or locally produced juveniles concentrating on favorable feeding areas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Financial support of this investigation was provided by the Accelerated Research Program of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service funded through the Colorado Division of Wildlife and Colorado Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Project W-88-R.","usgsCitation":"Johnson, B., and Ryder, R., 1977, Breeding densities and migration periods of common snipe in Colorado: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 89, no. 1, p. 116-121.","productDescription":"116-121","startPage":"116","endPage":"121","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18324,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Wilson/v089n01/p0116-p0121.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"89","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dce4b07f02db5e13f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, B. R.","contributorId":73995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"B. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryder, R.A.","contributorId":86870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5221128,"text":"5221128 - 1977 - Report of the American Ornithologists' Union Committee on Conservation, 1976-77. The recovery team-recovery plan approach to conservation of endangered species; A status summary and appraisal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-29T13:00:09","indexId":"5221128","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:24","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Report of the American Ornithologists' Union Committee on Conservation, 1976-77. The recovery team-recovery plan approach to conservation of endangered species; A status summary and appraisal","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Endangered Species Act of 1973 (P.L. 93-205) identifies the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), under authority delegated by the Secretary of the Interior, as the lead agency charged with the conservation of most endangered species in the United States. Some marine species are the responsibility of the Secretary of Commerce, and the responsibility for marine turtles is shared. In 1972 the USFWS sent preliminary instructions to certain field researchers to develop a unified coordinated plan for the recovery of the species they were working with. These were the precursors of recovery teams and recovery plans. The plans, and the teams to draft and help implement them, became one significant means of fulfilling the USFWS' obligations under the Endangered Species Act, particularly Sections 6 and 7, which deal with state and interagency cooperation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4085146","usgsCitation":"King, W., Jackson, J., Kale, H., Mayfield, H., Plunkett, R., Scott, J.M., Springer, P.F., Temple, S., and Wilbur, S., 1977, Report of the American Ornithologists' Union Committee on Conservation, 1976-77. The recovery team-recovery plan approach to conservation of endangered species; A status summary and appraisal: The Auk, v. 94, no. 4, Supplement, p. 1DD-19DD, https://doi.org/10.2307/4085146.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1DD","endPage":"19DD","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"4, Supplement","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633d8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, W.B.","contributorId":46898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, J.A.","contributorId":68434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kale, H.W. II","contributorId":33423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kale","given":"H.W.","suffix":"II","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mayfield, H.F.","contributorId":17490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayfield","given":"H.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Plunkett, R.L. Jr.","contributorId":101947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plunkett","given":"R.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Scott, J. M.","contributorId":55766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Springer, P. F.","contributorId":56590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Springer","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Temple, S.A.","contributorId":100812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Temple","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wilbur, S.R.","contributorId":53908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilbur","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":5221396,"text":"5221396 - 1977 - An automated glass capillary gas chromatographic system for routine quantitative analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-28T16:30:10.124075","indexId":"5221396","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:24","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2212,"text":"Journal of Chromatographic Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An automated glass capillary gas chromatographic system for routine quantitative analysis","docAbstract":"<p><span>A steel capillary gas chromatographic system, based on the Hewlett-Packard (HP) Model 5711A gas chromatograph and HP model 3354A laboratory data system, was converted to an automated glass capillary system suitable for routine quantitative analysis of trace levels of hydrocarbons. Two instrument modifications, which were required for a fully automated system, are described. The system was tested with two different column installation methods. The HP recommended method of column installation showed much less discrimination against high molecular weight compounds than did a simpler column installation technique that introduced excessive dead volume (unswept by the carrier gas) into the HP Model 18740A glass capillary inlet system. Discrimination against high molecular weight compounds was shown to adversely affect their quantification. Data on the accuracy and precision of quantitative analyses of 18 hydrocarbons covering a wide range of boiling points and polarities are presented for both column installation techniques. Retention time reproducibiiity data for the same 18 compounds are also included.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/chromsci/15.11.532","usgsCitation":"Lawler, G., Loong, W., Fiorito, B., and Laseter, J., 1977, An automated glass capillary gas chromatographic system for routine quantitative analysis: Journal of Chromatographic Science, v. 15, p. 532-536, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/15.11.532.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"532","endPage":"536","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198595,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684c6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawler, G.C.","contributorId":22064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawler","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loong, W.-A.","contributorId":101351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loong","given":"W.-A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fiorito, B.J.","contributorId":29099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fiorito","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Laseter, J.L.","contributorId":32638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laseter","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5221399,"text":"5221399 - 1977 - The decline of brown pelicans on the Louisiana and Texas Gulf Coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-12T14:37:33.74105","indexId":"5221399","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:24","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The decline of brown pelicans on the Louisiana and Texas Gulf Coast","docAbstract":"<p><span>Before 1920, native populations of brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis carolinensis) were estimated at 50,000 to 85,000 birds in Louisiana and 5,000 in Texas. By 1958, brown pelicans had vanished from two wintering areas in each state, and wintering and breeding birds disappeared from additional areas between 1959 and 1961. By 1963, the disappearance of the brown pelican from Louisiana was complete, and in Texas only about 100 birds were observed annually. Mortality before 1939, particularly in Texas, was attributed mostly to hunters and fishermen. Losses in both states were attributed to hurricanes, disease, and extended periods of freezing weather. Pesticides may also have contributed significantly. Widespread endrin-caused fish mortality was documented between 1958 and 1964 in Louisiana. Pelicans undoubtedly were exposed to endrine through eating the fish. Significant levels of DDE were found in Texas fishes in the late 1960's. DDE residues in pelican eggs were high enough to be responsible for nesting failure. Shell thinning averaged 10% in Texas pelican eggs collected in 1970, 1972, and 1974, but in earlier years greater thinning was associated with the collapse and loss of eggs. Poor reproductive success during recent years was believed due to (1) failure of many adult pelicans to nest and (2) a high rate of nestling mortality in the few pairs that did nest and hatch young. The remnant population of brown pelicans on the Texas Coast will disappear unless reproductive success improves, because recruitment is presently insufficient to offset mortality.</span></p>","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Southwestern Association of Naturalists","collaboration":"","usgsCitation":"King, K.A., Flickinger, E.L., and Hildebrand, H.H., 1977, The decline of brown pelicans on the Louisiana and Texas Gulf Coast: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 21, no. 4, p. 417-431.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"417","endPage":"431","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198597,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":374655,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/30054023"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.626708984375,\n              29.726222319395504\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.8134765625,\n              30.14512718337613\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.56054687499999,\n              30.031055426540206\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.450439453125,\n              30.021543509740027\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.603759765625,\n              30.173624550358536\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.570556640625,\n              30.287531589298727\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.89990234375,\n              30.173624550358536\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.7568359375,\n              29.80251790576445\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.349853515625,\n              28.62310355452992\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.943115234375,\n              27.342494467201007\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.591552734375,\n              26.175158990178133\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.3828125,\n              25.849336891707605\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.03125,\n              25.93828707492375\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.283935546875,\n              27.049341619870376\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.05322265625,\n              27.72243591897343\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.7568359375,\n              28.632746799225856\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.19653320312499,\n              28.844673680771795\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.37255859375,\n              29.458731185355344\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.3837890625,\n              29.6880527498568\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.40600585937499,\n              29.46829664171322\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.845703125,\n              29.38217507514529\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.14257812499999,\n              29.075375179558346\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.406494140625,\n              28.87353946316266\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.1650390625,\n              28.806173508854776\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.626708984375,\n              29.726222319395504\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db6687f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Kirk A.","contributorId":9203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flickinger, Edward L.","contributorId":48907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flickinger","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hildebrand, H. H.","contributorId":98422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildebrand","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223250,"text":"5223250 - 1977 - A new banding technique for nesting adult purple martins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:11","indexId":"5223250","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:24","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2881,"text":"North American Bird Bander","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new banding technique for nesting adult purple martins","docAbstract":"Mery (1966) showed an almost equal sex ratio, males returned more frequently than females, over 50% of returns paired with other returns, an adult return rate of 20%, and no pair bonds maintained for more than one season.  Her study lasted 13 years. Our study has shown that the return rate of locals to parent colonies is 4.1%, sex ratios are nearly equal (combination of banding and observation), return rate of locals to nearby colonies is 0.9,one pair maintained the pair bond for two years, SY females lay fewer eggs than ASY's, SY adults occasionally do not feed frequently  enough to maintain the normal growth pattern of the young, SY adults often build poorly constructed nests with little or no mud, overall nest success is lower in SY adults, adults do indeed return to the same colony (19.6%) box and/or compartment, sexes are balanced in a stable colony, males or females are sometimes in excess in a new colony, SY adults are predominate in a new colony, the limiting factor in colony size is most likely the number of boxes and/or compartments available for nesting and,finally, adults and young do indeed use the boxes for roosting after nesting and fledging is complete (even boxes not their own).  All of our results are tentative and subject to change  after f rther study.  Much additional study will be required before we can come up with conclusive answers to many of these questions about the Purple Martin.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Bird Bander","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Klimkiewicz, M.K., and Jung, P., 1977, A new banding technique for nesting adult purple martins: North American Bird Bander, v. 2, no. 1, p. 3-6.","productDescription":"3-6","startPage":"3","endPage":"6","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196137,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18327,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/NABB/v002n01/p0003-p0006.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4570","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klimkiewicz, M. K.","contributorId":53490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klimkiewicz","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jung, P.D.","contributorId":70082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jung","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223633,"text":"5223633 - 1977 - Chromosomal variation in Vampyressa and a review of chromosomal evolution in the Phyllostomidae (Chiroptera)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-13T15:40:17.473095","indexId":"5223633","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:22","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3510,"text":"Systematic Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chromosomal variation in Vampyressa and a review of chromosomal evolution in the Phyllostomidae (Chiroptera)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Comparisons of the karyotypes of the species of Vampyressa suggest two modes of chromosomal rearrangements in the derivation of the Vampyressa karyotypes: pericentric inversions in&nbsp;</span><i>V. brocki, V. nymphaea,</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>V. bidens;</i><span>&nbsp;and translocations (fusions) in&nbsp;</span><i>V. melissa</i><span>&nbsp;and the variants of&nbsp;</span><i>V. pusilla.</i><span>&nbsp;This&nbsp;</span><i>Vampyressa</i><span>&nbsp;phylogenetic model was used to evaluate the possible derivations of the chromosomal patterns of the 97 species of phyllostomid bats whose karyotypes are known. Sufficient variation to indicate probable evolutionary patterns, in addition to that outlined for&nbsp;</span><i>Vampyressa,</i><span>&nbsp;was found at the species level for&nbsp;</span><i>Micronycteris</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>Tonatia,</i><span>&nbsp;and at the generic level for the Glossophaginae, Carolliinae, and Stenoderminae. The analysis supports the points of view presented herein that (1) the common (often considered the ancestral) 2</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;= 32, FN = 60 configuration was independently acquired by three or more evolutionary lineages and, therefore, must be considered to be derived; (2) the primitive phyllostomid karyotype had a high diploid number (near 40, but possibly as high as 46) and a low fundamental number (near minimum); (3) there was a general trend toward reduction in diploid numbers concomitant with maximization of fundamental numbers; and (4) totally biarmed autosomal configurations, which characterize the majority of the Phyllostomidae, are comparatively more stable than those karyotypes in which half or more of the autosomes are uniarmed. Fourteen karyotypes are reported here for the first time, including that of Vampyressa melissa, which has the lowest diploid number known in the Chiroptera (2</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;= 14).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/sysbio/26.3.300","usgsCitation":"Gardner, A., 1977, Chromosomal variation in Vampyressa and a review of chromosomal evolution in the Phyllostomidae (Chiroptera): Systematic Biology, v. 26, no. 3, p. 300-318, https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/26.3.300.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"300","endPage":"318","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200157,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e2272","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, Alfred L. 0000-0002-4945-1641 agardner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4945-1641","contributorId":412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Alfred L.","email":"agardner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":339107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5221402,"text":"5221402 - 1977 - Responsiveness of 6 to 14 generations of birds to dietary dieldrin toxicity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:57","indexId":"5221402","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:22","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3612,"text":"Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Responsiveness of 6 to 14 generations of birds to dietary dieldrin toxicity","docAbstract":"The lethal dietary toxicity of dieldrin was estimated repeatedly during 8 years of testing young bobwhites (Colinus virginianus), Japanese quail (Coturnix c. japonica), ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus), and mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). Toxicities, quantified as 8-day LC50 values (5 days on toxic diet, followed by 3 days of untreated feed), were estimated at least 18 times per species. Average dietary LC50 values (ppm) and their 95% confidence limits for 14-day-old quail and 10-day-old pheasants and mallards were: bobwhite, 38 (34?42); Japanese quail, 61 (58?64); ring-necked pheasant, 56 (53?59); and mallard, 179 (163?195). No time-related changes were detected in LC50 values for any of the species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0041-008X(77)90020-5","usgsCitation":"Hill, E.F., Spann, J.W., and Williams, J., 1977, Responsiveness of 6 to 14 generations of birds to dietary dieldrin toxicity: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v. 42, no. 2, p. 425-431, https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(77)90020-5.","productDescription":"425-431","startPage":"425","endPage":"431","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":18275,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(77)90020-5","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":198415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db627364","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, E. F.","contributorId":14362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spann, J. W.","contributorId":93435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spann","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, J.D.","contributorId":74701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}