We determine the long-term growth rate and longevity of an Azorella compacta growing on Misti volcano, near Arequipa, Peru to investigate the species' capacity as a geochronological resource. Using 14C dating on stem pieces sequestered within the plant's cushion, which grows larger through time, we obtain ages of 15 ± 15 14C yrs BP and 165 ± 15 14C yrs BP at depths of 15 cm and 29 cm below the cushion's living surface, respectively. Applying a mixed calibration curve with a Bayesian growth model yields calendar age ranges of 1948–1958 CE and 1802–1935 CE for our 14C dates, respectively. Such ages provide sufficiently precise constraints for investigations requiring dating during the last few hundred years when individual 14C dates yield imprecise calendar age ranges. We infer a long-term growth rate of 1.3–3.5 mm yr−1, corroborating published maximum short-term growth rates. Extrapolating our growth model to the A. compacta's core suggests that it began growing as early as 1462–1830 CE. At such age it lived through myriad important geological and historical events, including regional earthquakes, volcanic unrest at Misti, decades to centuries of the Little Ice Age, and a broad transect of Peruvian history possibly beginning during the Inca Empire. A. compacta may provide another important geochronological resource in the arid Central Andes that can be applied to date volcanological, glacial, mass-movement, and archaeological features, especially where dendrochronology and lichenometry are not possible.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2021.104470","usgsCitation":"Harpel, C., Kleier, C., and Aguilar, R., 2021, Azorella compacta's long-term growth rate, longevity, and potential for dating geomorphological and archaeological features in the arid southern Peruvian Andes: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 188, 104470, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2021.104470.","productDescription":"104470, 5 p.","ipdsId":"IP-120064","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":453367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2021.104470","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":383610,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Peru","otherGeospatial":"Peruvian Andes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.5859375,\n 0.08789059053082422\n ],\n [\n -78.134765625,\n -2.8991526985043006\n ],\n [\n -80.244140625,\n -3.337953961416472\n ],\n [\n -81.38671875,\n -4.477856485570586\n ],\n [\n -81.03515625,\n -6.053161295714067\n ],\n [\n -75.6298828125,\n -15.114552871944102\n ],\n [\n -70.1806640625,\n -18.687878686034182\n ],\n [\n -69.4775390625,\n -17.26672782352052\n ],\n [\n -68.994140625,\n -16.299051014581817\n ],\n [\n -68.466796875,\n -12.382928338487396\n ],\n [\n -69.8291015625,\n -10.833305983642491\n ],\n [\n -70.6201171875,\n -9.44906182688142\n ],\n [\n -70.9716796875,\n -4.127285323245357\n ],\n [\n -70.09277343749999,\n -2.67968661580376\n ],\n [\n -75.5859375,\n 0.08789059053082422\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"188","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harpel, Christopher 0000-0001-8587-7845","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8587-7845","contributorId":204746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harpel","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kleier, Catherine","contributorId":252546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kleier","given":"Catherine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":50430,"text":"College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Environmental Science, California State Polytechnic University, San Luis Obispo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aguilar, Rigoberto","contributorId":252547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aguilar","given":"Rigoberto","affiliations":[{"id":50431,"text":"Observatorio Vulcanologico del Instituto Geologico, Minero y Metalurgico del Peru","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70218257,"text":"70218257 - 2021 - Long-term trends in regional wet mercury deposition and lacustrine mercury concentrations in four lakes in Voyageurs National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-22T14:43:03.094759","indexId":"70218257","displayToPublicDate":"2021-02-20T08:38:58","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5841,"text":"Applied Sciences","onlineIssn":"2076-3417","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term trends in regional wet mercury deposition and lacustrine mercury concentrations in four lakes in Voyageurs National Park","docAbstract":"Although anthropogenic mercury (Hg) releases to the environment have been substantially lowered in the United States and Canada since 1990, concerns remain for contamination in fish from remote lakes and rivers where atmospheric deposition is the predominant source of mercury. How have aquatic ecosystems responded? We report on one of the longest known multimedia data sets for mercury in atmospheric deposition: aqueous total mercury (THgaq), methylmercury (MeHgaq), and sulfate from epilimnetic lake-water samples from four lakes in Voyageurs National Park (VNP) in northern Minnesota; and total mercury (THg) in aquatic biota from the same lakes from 2001–2018. Wet Hg deposition at two regional Mercury Deposition Network sites (Fernberg and Marcell, Minnesota) decreased by an average of 22 percent from 1998–2018; much of the decreases occurred prior to 2009, with relatively flat trends since 2009. In the four VNP lakes, epilimnetic MeHgaq concentrations declined by an average of 44 percent and THgaq by an average of 27 percent. For the three lakes with long-term biomonitoring, temporal patterns in biotic THg concentrations were similar to patterns in MeHgaq concentrations; however, biotic THg concentrations declined significantly in only one lake. Epilimnetic MeHgaq may be responding both to a decline in atmospheric Hg deposition as well as a decline in sulfate deposition, which is an important driver of mercury methylation in the environment. Results from this case study suggest that regional- to continental-scale decreases in both mercury and sulfate emissions have benefitted aquatic resources, even in the face of global increases in mercury emissions.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/app11041879","usgsCitation":"Brigham, M.E., VanderMeulen, D.D., Eagles-Smith, C., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Maki, R., and DeWild, J.F., 2021, Long-term trends in regional wet mercury deposition and lacustrine mercury concentrations in four lakes in Voyageurs National Park: Applied Sciences, v. 11, no. 4, 1879, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/app11041879.","productDescription":"1879, 21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-125080","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":453370,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app11041879","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":383419,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Voyageurs National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.16131591796875,\n 48.29781249243716\n ],\n [\n -92.449951171875,\n 48.29781249243716\n ],\n [\n -92.449951171875,\n 48.64470577018957\n ],\n [\n -93.16131591796875,\n 48.64470577018957\n ],\n [\n -93.16131591796875,\n 48.29781249243716\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-02-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brigham, Mark E. 0000-0001-7412-6800 mbrigham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7412-6800","contributorId":1840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brigham","given":"Mark","email":"mbrigham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"VanderMeulen, David D.","contributorId":196965,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"VanderMeulen","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eagles-Smith, Collin A. 0000-0003-1329-5285","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-5285","contributorId":221745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagles-Smith","given":"Collin A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Maki, Ryan P.","contributorId":190131,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maki","given":"Ryan P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"DeWild, John F. 0000-0003-4097-2798 jfdewild@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4097-2798","contributorId":2525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWild","given":"John","email":"jfdewild@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70240743,"text":"70240743 - 2021 - NASA's surface biology and geology designated observable: A perspective on surface imaging algorithms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-17T14:27:52.452025","indexId":"70240743","displayToPublicDate":"2021-02-20T07:25:10","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"NASA's surface biology and geology designated observable: A perspective on surface imaging algorithms","docAbstract":"The 2017–2027 National Academies' Decadal Survey, Thriving on Our Changing Planet, recommended Surface Biology and Geology (SBG) as a “Designated Targeted Observable” (DO). The SBG DO is based on the need for capabilities to acquire global, high spatial resolution, visible to shortwave infrared (VSWIR; 380–2500 nm; ~30 m pixel resolution) hyperspectral (imaging spectroscopy) and multispectral midwave and thermal infrared (MWIR: 3–5 μm; TIR: 8–12 μm; ~60 m pixel resolution) measurements with sub-monthly temporal revisits over terrestrial, freshwater, and coastal marine habitats. To address the various mission design needs, an SBG Algorithms Working Group of multidisciplinary researchers has been formed to review and evaluate the algorithms applicable to the SBG DO across a wide range of Earth science disciplines, including terrestrial and aquatic ecology, atmospheric science, geology, and hydrology. Here, we summarize current state-of-the-practice VSWIR and TIR algorithms that use airborne or orbital spectral imaging observations to address the SBG DO priorities identified by the Decadal Survey: (i) terrestrial vegetation physiology, functional traits, and health; (ii) inland and coastal aquatic ecosystems physiology, functional traits, and health; (iii) snow and ice accumulation, melting, and albedo; (iv) active surface composition (eruptions, landslides, evolving landscapes, hazard risks); (v) effects of changing land use on surface energy, water, momentum, and carbon fluxes; and (vi) managing agriculture, natural habitats, water use/quality, and urban development. We review existing algorithms in the following categories: snow/ice, aquatic environments, geology, and terrestrial vegetation, and summarize the community-state-of-practice in each category. This effort synthesizes the findings of more than 130 scientists.
The igneous geology of the St. Francois Mountains terrane in southeast Missouri is dominated by the products of 1.48 to 1.45 billion year old volcanic and plutonic magmatism but also includes volumetrically minor, compositionally bimodal contributions added during plutonism between 1.34 and 1.27 billion years ago. The 1.48 to 1.45 billion year old igneous rocks in the St. Francois Mountains terrane are bimodally distributed between volumetrically dominant felsic rocks and volumetrically minor rocks with mafic to intermediate compositions. All of these rocks are ferroan, which like most of their trace element abundances, suggests a genesis associated with farfield intraplate extensional tectonism and decompression-related magmatism. The diversity of compositions among 1.48 to 1.45 billion year old igneous rocks in the St. Francois Mountains terrane probably reflects mixtures of mantle-derived mafic inputs and low-degree partial melting of more evolved crustal protoliths. Newly determined ages define essentially continuous magmatism during the 30-million-year period between 1.48 and 1.45 billion years ago. The products of this magmatism are essentially coeval, whether intrusive or extrusive or having mafic, intermediate, or felsic compositions. In addition, the iron oxide-apatite (for example, Pea Ridge) and likely the iron oxide-copper gold (Boss) deposits in the St. Francois Mountains terrane have ages coincident with this magmatic episode. Spatial and temporal relations between 1.48 to 1.45 billion year old igneous rocks in the St. Francois Mountains terrane and the mineral deposits they host suggest the associated magmatic and mineralization processes are also genetically related.
Geochemical, petrographic, geochronologic, and terrane-wide physical characteristics of the 1.48 to 1.45 billion year old igneous rocks in the St. Francois Mountains terrane are consistent with an origin involving extension well inboard from the margin of the Laurentian craton, associated mantle upwelling, lower crustal melting in response to mantle-derived thermal inputs, and mixing of mantle- and juvenile lower crustal-derived melts. Significant major and trace element compositional dispersion characteristics of these rocks likely reflect midcrustal magma reservoir fractionation of their principal rock-forming minerals. The resultant magmas constitute a series of variably hybridized reservoirs, emplaced at upper levels in the crust, that form a series of plutonic and associated eruptive products.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1866","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"du Bray, E.A., Aleinikoff, J.N., Day, W.C., Neymark, L.A., Burgess, S.D., 2021, Petrology and geochronology of 1.48 to 1.45 Ga igneous rocks in the St. Francois Mountains terrane, southeast Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1866, 88 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1866.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 88 p.; 2 Data Releases","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":383304,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P95Q3QC4","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"SHRIMP U-Pb geochronologic data for zircon and titanite from Mesoproterozoic rocks of the St. Francois Mountains terrane, southeast Missouri, U.S.A."},{"id":383305,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F79W0DSN","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geochemical and Modal Data for Mesoproterozoic Igneous Rocks of the St. Francois Mountains, Southeast Missouri"},{"id":383302,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1866/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":383303,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1866/pp1866.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.35 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Professional Paper 1866"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"St. Francois Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.1702880859375,\n 36.70806354647625\n ],\n [\n -90.1263427734375,\n 38.16479533621134\n ],\n [\n -91.417236328125,\n 38.85682013474361\n ],\n [\n -92.8289794921875,\n 38.83542884007305\n ],\n [\n -92.79602050781249,\n 36.74768773190056\n ],\n [\n -90.1702880859375,\n 36.70806354647625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-973
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Water bodies impounded by glaciers, moraines, and ice jams on rivers can drain suddenly, with disastrous downstream consequences. Lakes can form at the margins of an alpine glacier or ice cap, on its surface, or at its base. Smaller pockets of water may also be present within some glaciers. In all cases, these water bodies might drain by enlarging subglacial tunnels or by mechanical collapse of the glacier dam. Many formerly stable glacier lakes have failed over the past century, in some cases repeatedly, as Earth’s atmosphere has warmed and glaciers thinned and receded. The peak discharge, duration, and volume of a subglacial outburst flood depend mainly on (1) the geometry and rate of development of the tunnel at the base of the glacier and (2) the size and geometry of the impounded water body. Discharge commonly increases exponentially during the outburst, but ends quickly when the lake empties or when the drainage tunnel is plugged by collapse of the tunnel roof or closes due to plastic ice flow. Some glacier outburst floods result from the mechanical collapse of the ice dam. In such cases, the peak flow is achieved rapidly during the collapse. Outburst floods from glacier lakes attenuate due to temporary storage of floodwaters in channels and on valley floors.
Many hazardous lakes are dammed by lateral and end moraines that formed in the past two centuries when valley and cirque glaciers retreated from advanced positions reached during the Little Ice Age. Moraine dams are susceptible to failure because they are steep and relatively narrow, because they comprise loose poorly sorted sediment, and because they may contain ice cores or interstitial ice. These dams generally fail by overtopping and incision. The triggering event may be a heavy rainstorm, strong winds, or an ice avalanche or landslide into the lake that generates waves that overtop the dam. Melting of moraine ice cores and piping are other possible failure mechanisms. Outflow from a moraine-dammed lake increases as the breach enlarges and then decreases as the level of the lake falls. The moraine breach may become armored, preventing further incision, or the hydraulic gradient at the breach may decrease to a point that erosion ceases.
Outburst floods from glacier- and moraine-dammed lakes typically entrain, transport, and deposit large amounts of sediment. If the channel is steeper than about 0.10-0.15 and contains abundant loose sediment, the flood likely will transform into a debris flow. Such flows may be larger and more destructive than the flood from which they formed. A period of protracted warming is required to trap lakes behind moraines and create conditions that lead to dam failure. The warming also forces glaciers to retreat, prompting ice avalanches, and landslides that have destroyed many moraine dams.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Snow and ice-related hazards, risks, and disasters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-817129-5.00019-6","usgsCitation":"Clague, J.J., and O'Connor, J., 2021, Glacier-related outburst floods, chap. of Snow and ice-related hazards, risks, and disasters, p. 467-499, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-817129-5.00019-6.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"467","endPage":"499","ipdsId":"IP-053640","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":421268,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Second Edition","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clague, John J.","contributorId":270213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clague","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":56114,"text":"Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Connor, Jim E. 0000-0002-7928-5883 oconnor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7928-5883","contributorId":140771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connor","given":"Jim E.","email":"oconnor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":884394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70218245,"text":"ofr20211002 - 2021 - Mangrove species’ response to sea-level rise across Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-19T21:35:50.775863","indexId":"ofr20211002","displayToPublicDate":"2021-02-19T10:56:11","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-1002","displayTitle":"Mangrove Species’ Response to Sea-Level Rise Across Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia","title":"Mangrove species’ response to sea-level rise across Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia","docAbstract":"Mangrove forests are likely vulnerable to accelerating sea-level rise; however, we lack the tools necessary to understand their future resilience. On the Pacific island of Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia, mangroves are habitat to endangered species and provide critical ecosystem services that support local communities. We developed a generalizable modeling framework for mangroves that accounts for species interactions and the belowground processes that dictate soil elevation. The modeling framework was calibrated with extensive field datasets, including accretion rates derived from thirty 1-meter-deep soil cores dated with lead-210, more than 300 forest inventory plots, water-level monitoring, and differential leveling elevation surveys. We applied the model using a community of five mangrove species and across seven regions around Pohnpei to identify which regions are most vulnerable to sea-level rise. The responses of mean elevation and the mangrove community composition were analyzed under four global sea-level rise scenarios: an increase of 37, 52, 67, or 117 centimeters by 2100. The model was validated against a 20-year surface elevation table record (1999–2019) and showed good agreement when driven by observed water levels.
The model projected that mangroves around Pohnpei can build their elevations relative to moderate rates of sea-level rise to prevent submergence, with limited changes in mangrove community composition through 2060. By 2100, however, the model projected a decreasing abundance of high-elevation mangrove species and an increasing abundance of lower elevation species adapted to more persistent flooding. Under higher sea-level rise scenarios, forest elevation decreased substantially relative to mean sea level and there were more drastic changes in the tree community composition and loss of suitable mangrove habitat by 2100. Variation in accretion rates, water levels, and initial forest elevation led to differential vulnerability around the island, such that mangroves on the leeward side of the island generally were the most at-risk to higher rates of sea-level rise. Our findings indicate that the relatively undisturbed state of the mangrove forests and the surrounding landscape is an important factor in their ability to keep pace with sea-level rise.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211002","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Buffington, K.J., MacKenzie, R.A., Carr, J.A., Apwong, M., Krauss, K.W., and Thorne, K.M., 2021, Mangrove species’ response to sea-level rise across Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1002, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211002.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 44 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-121673","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436498,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96R8MZQ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Mangrove Elevation and Species' Responses to Sea-level Rise Across Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia (ver. 1.1, December 2021)"},{"id":383370,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1002/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":383371,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1002/ofr20211002.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383372,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1002/ofr20211002.xml"},{"id":383373,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1002/images"},{"id":383374,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9DDZX32","linkHelpText":"Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia Mangrove Elevation Survey Data"}],"country":"Federated States of Micronesia","state":"Pohnpei","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 158.06442260742188,\n 6.7723525317661215\n ],\n [\n 158.3740997314453,\n 6.7723525317661215\n ],\n [\n 158.3740997314453,\n 7.013667927566642\n ],\n [\n 158.06442260742188,\n 7.013667927566642\n ],\n [\n 158.06442260742188,\n 6.7723525317661215\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
Human enterprise has led to large‐scale changes in landscapes and altered wildlife population distribution and abundance, necessitating efficient and effective conservation strategies for impacted species. Greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; hereafter sage‐grouse) are a widespread sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) obligate species that has experienced population declines since the mid‐1900s resulting from habitat loss and expansion of anthropogenic features into sagebrush ecosystems. Habitat loss is especially evident in North Dakota, USA, on the northeastern fringe of sage‐grouse’ distribution, where a remnant population remains despite recent development of energy‐related infrastructure. Resource managers in this region have determined a need to augment sage‐grouse populations using translocation techniques that can be important management tools for countering species decline from range contraction. Although translocations are a common tool for wildlife management, very little research has evaluated habitat following translocation, to track individual behaviors such as habitat selection and fidelity to the release site, which can help inform habitat requirements to guide selection of future release sites. We provide an example where locations from previously released radio‐marked sage‐grouse are used in a resource selection function framework to evaluate habitat selection following translocation and identify areas of seasonal habitat to inform habitat management and potential restoration needs. We also evaluated possible changes in seasonal habitat since the late 1980s using spatial data provided by the Rangeland Analysis Platform coupled with resource selection modeling results. Our results serve as critical baseline information for habitat used by translocated individuals across life stages in this study area, and will inform future evaluations of population performance and potential for long‐term recovery.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.7228","usgsCitation":"Lazenby, K.D., Coates, P.S., O’Neil, S.T., Kohl, M.T., and Dahlgren, D.K., 2021, Nesting, brood rearing, and summer habitat selection by translocated greater sage‐grouse in North Dakota, USA: Ecology and Evolution, v. 11, no. 6, p. 2741-2760, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7228.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"2741","endPage":"2760","ipdsId":"IP-119290","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":453379,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7228","text":"External Repository"},{"id":436499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P91GQXVE","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geospatial Information and Predictive Maps of Greater Sage-grouse Habitat Selection in Southwestern North Dakota, USA"},{"id":385280,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.7216796875,\n 45.48324350868221\n ],\n [\n -103.3154296875,\n 45.48324350868221\n ],\n [\n -103.3154296875,\n 46.70973594407157\n ],\n [\n -104.7216796875,\n 46.70973594407157\n ],\n [\n -104.7216796875,\n 45.48324350868221\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.2208251953125,\n 42.05337156043361\n ],\n [\n -106.8585205078125,\n 42.05337156043361\n ],\n [\n -106.8585205078125,\n 42.549033612225145\n ],\n [\n -108.2208251953125,\n 42.549033612225145\n ],\n [\n -108.2208251953125,\n 42.05337156043361\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lazenby, Kade D.","contributorId":257564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lazenby","given":"Kade","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":52056,"text":"Department of Wildland Resources, Jack H. Berryman Institute, S. J. Quinney College of Natural Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coates, Peter S. 0000-0003-2672-9994 pcoates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-9994","contributorId":3263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"Peter","email":"pcoates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Neil, Shawn T. 0000-0002-0899-5220","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0899-5220","contributorId":206589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"Shawn","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kohl, Michel T.","contributorId":204214,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kohl","given":"Michel","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dahlgren, David K.","contributorId":257565,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dahlgren","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":52056,"text":"Department of Wildland Resources, Jack H. Berryman Institute, S. J. Quinney College of Natural Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70236823,"text":"70236823 - 2021 - Response study of a 51-story-tall Los Angeles, California building inferred from motions of the Mw7.1 July 5, 2019 Ridgecrest, California earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-24T18:42:02.563556","indexId":"70236823","displayToPublicDate":"2021-02-19T08:55:17","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1101,"text":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response study of a 51-story-tall Los Angeles, California building inferred from motions of the Mw7.1 July 5, 2019 Ridgecrest, California earthquake","docAbstract":"A 51-story building in downtown Los Angeles that is equipped with a seismic monitoring accelerometric array recorded the Mw7.1 Ridgecrest, California earthquake of July 5, 2019. The building is a dual-core reinforced-concrete shear-wall and perimeter-column structure with ~ 80% of floors constructed as post-tensioned flat slabs, which makes it a trending design. Using system identification methods, spectral analyses, and coherence-phase angle computations, the recorded response data allowed the identification of dynamic response characteristics (fundamental frequencies of [NS] 0.21 Hz, [EW] 0.28 Hz, and [Torsional] 0.45 Hz, critical damping percentages < 2.5%, and associated mode shapes), as well as computation of drift ratios with maximum peaks of 0.145% for both NS and EW directions. The critical damping percentages are consistent with those recommended by LATBSDC (2017). There is no indication from the records that post-tensioned slab design played any role in altering the dynamic characteristics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10518-021-01053-9","usgsCitation":"Celebi, M., Swensen, D., and Haddadi, H., 2021, Response study of a 51-story-tall Los Angeles, California building inferred from motions of the Mw7.1 July 5, 2019 Ridgecrest, California earthquake: Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, v. 19, p. 1797-1814, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-021-01053-9.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1797","endPage":"1814","ipdsId":"IP-119102","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406956,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Los Angeles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.28189849853514,\n 34.022786817002\n ],\n [\n -118.21495056152342,\n 34.022786817002\n ],\n [\n -118.21495056152342,\n 34.07768740409027\n ],\n [\n -118.28189849853514,\n 34.07768740409027\n ],\n [\n -118.28189849853514,\n 34.022786817002\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Celebi, Mehmet 0000-0002-4769-7357 celebi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-7357","contributorId":200969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Celebi","given":"Mehmet","email":"celebi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":852278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swensen, Dan","contributorId":296724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swensen","given":"Dan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35312,"text":"CGS-CSMIP","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":852279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haddadi, Hamid","contributorId":296690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haddadi","given":"Hamid","affiliations":[{"id":12640,"text":"California Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":852280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70218754,"text":"70218754 - 2021 - Re‐purposing groundwater flow models for age assessments: Important characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-14T16:00:16.897383","indexId":"70218754","displayToPublicDate":"2021-02-19T08:37:37","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Re‐purposing groundwater flow models for age assessments: Important characteristics","docAbstract":"Groundwater flow model construction is often time‐consuming and costly, with development ideally focused on a specific purpose, such as quantifying well capture from water bodies or providing flow fields for simulating advective transport. As environmental challenges evolve, the incentive to re‐purpose existing groundwater flow models may increase. However, few studies have evaluated which characteristics of groundwater flow models deserve greatest consideration when re‐purposing models for groundwater age and advective transport simulations. In this paper, we compare simulated age metrics produced by three MODFLOW‐MODPATH models of the same area but with differing levels of complexity (layering and heterogeneity). Comparisons are made at three watershed scales (HUC 8 to HUC 12). Groundwater age metrics, specifically the young fraction and median age of the young and old fractions, are used for evaluation because they relate to intrinsic susceptibility of aquifers and are simpler to interpret than full age distributions used for advective transport. Results indicate that: 1. the young fraction is less sensitive to model layering than the median age of young and old fractions, suggesting that simple models may suffice for basic intrinsic susceptibility assessments; 2. water table mounding and associated discharge into partially penetrating boundaries, such as head‐water streams, is important for simulating both the young fraction and the median age of the young fraction; and 3. the influence of partially penetrating head‐water streams is maintained regardless of the porosity distribution. Results of this work should aid modelers with evaluating the appropriateness of re‐purposing existing groundwater flow models for age simulations.
In this study, we explored the use of statistical machine learning and long-term groundwater nitrate monitoring data to estimate vadose zone and saturated zone lag times in an irrigated alluvial agricultural setting. Unlike most previous statistical machine learning studies that sought to predict groundwater nitrate concentrations within aquifers, the focus of this study was to leverage available groundwater nitrate concentrations and other environmental variables to determine mean regional vertical velocities (transport rates) of water and solutes in the vadose zone and saturated zone (3.50 and 3.75 m yr−1, respectively). The statistical machine learning results are consistent with two primary recharge processes in this western Nebraska aquifer, namely (1) diffuse recharge from irrigation and precipitation across the landscape and (2) focused recharge from leaking irrigation conveyance canals. The vadose zone mean velocity yielded a mean recharge rate (0.46 m yr−1) consistent with previous estimates from groundwater age dating in shallow wells (0.38 m yr−1). The saturated zone mean velocity yielded a recharge rate (1.31 m yr−1) that was more consistent with focused recharge from leaky irrigation canals, as indicated by previous results of groundwater age dating in intermediate-depth wells (1.22 m yr−1). Collectively, the statistical machine learning model results are consistent with previous observations of relatively high water fluxes and short transit times for water and nitrate in the primarily oxic aquifer. Partial dependence plots from the model indicate a sharp threshold in which high groundwater nitrate concentrations are mostly associated with total travel times of 7 years or less, possibly reflecting some combination of recent management practices and a tendency for nitrate concentrations to be higher in diffuse infiltration recharge than in canal leakage water. Limitations to the machine learning approach include the non-uniqueness of different transport rate combinations when comparing model performance and highlight the need to corroborate statistical model results with a robust conceptual model and complementary information such as groundwater age.
","language":"English","publisher":"Copernicus Publications","doi":"10.5194/hess-25-811-2021","usgsCitation":"Wells, M.J., Gilmore, T., Nelson, N., Mittelstet, A., and Bohlke, J., 2021, Determination of vadose zone and saturated zone nitrate lag times using long-term groundwater monitoring data and statistical machine learning: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, v. 25, p. 811-829, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-811-2021.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"811","endPage":"829","ipdsId":"IP-118404","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":453386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-811-2021","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":383417,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","county":"Scotts Bluff County, Sioux County","otherGeospatial":"Dutch Flats","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.03228759765625,\n 41.27367811566259\n ],\n [\n -102.39257812499999,\n 41.27367811566259\n ],\n [\n -102.39257812499999,\n 42.407234661551875\n ],\n [\n -104.03228759765625,\n 42.407234661551875\n ],\n [\n -104.03228759765625,\n 41.27367811566259\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wells, Martin J.","contributorId":251868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wells","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":50406,"text":"U Nebraska","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilmore, Troy E.","contributorId":251869,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilmore","given":"Troy E.","affiliations":[{"id":50406,"text":"U Nebraska","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, Natalie","contributorId":251870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"Natalie","affiliations":[{"id":50407,"text":"North Carolina State U","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mittelstet, Aaron","contributorId":251871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mittelstet","given":"Aaron","affiliations":[{"id":50406,"text":"U Nebraska","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70218809,"text":"70218809 - 2021 - National-scale reservoir thermal energy storage pre-assessment for the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-15T13:24:49.326555","indexId":"70218809","displayToPublicDate":"2021-02-19T08:19:31","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"National-scale reservoir thermal energy storage pre-assessment for the United States","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is performing a pre-assessment of the cooling potential for reservoir thermal energy storage (RTES) in five generalized geologic regions (Basin and Range, Coastal Plains, Illinois Basin, Michigan Basin, Pacific Northwest) across the United States. Reservoir models are developed for the metropolitan areas of eight cities (Albuquerque, New Mexico; Charleston, South Carolina; Chicago and Decatur, Illinois; Lansing, Michigan; Memphis, Tennessee; Phoenix, Arizona; and Portland, Oregon) so that computed metrics can be compared to evaluate RTES potential across diverse climates, geologic settings, and physiography. Permeable, semi-confined/confined units that underlie more-utilized aquifers and contain low-quality groundwater are selected for each city. Energy storage metrics are computed for the anticipated total thickness of stratigraphy for which RTES might be feasible, including estimated required well spacing, thermal storage capacity, and thermal recovery efficiency over time. Falta et al. (2016) showed that for a modern 25,000 square-foot (2,323 square-meter), two-story office building, cooling needs exceed heating demand for almost every region of the country. We therefore use Falta et al.’s cooling demand for each city as the representative RTES stress condition for metric computation, allowing comparisons across regions. Results indicate that favorable RTES conditions exist in each region, particularly in the Illinois Basin, Coastal Plains, and Basin and Range. Thermal recovery efficiencies are very high in all regions and increase over time. The thermal storage capacity metric is most informative in the pre-assessment and underscores the importance of mapping reservoir thicknesses and porosities to permit detailed mapping of thermal storage capacity per unit area as a key RTES resource classification standard. This assessment provides a basic understanding of the RTES potential in several metropolitan areas and geologic regions throughout the United States and will aid further evaluation of national RTES efficacy.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, 46th workshop on geothermal reservoir engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceDate":"February 16-18, 2021","conferenceLocation":"Sanford, California","language":"English","publisher":"Stanford Geothermal Workshop","usgsCitation":"Pepin, J.D., Burns, E., Dickinson, J.E., Duncan, L.L., Kuniansky, E.L., and Reeves, H.W., 2021, National-scale reservoir thermal energy storage pre-assessment for the United States, in Proceedings, 46th workshop on geothermal reservoir engineering, Sanford, California, February 16-18, 2021, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-125276","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dickinson, Jesse E. 0000-0002-0048-0839 jdickins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0048-0839","contributorId":152545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickinson","given":"Jesse","email":"jdickins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duncan, Leslie L. 0000-0002-5938-5721","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5938-5721","contributorId":204004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duncan","given":"Leslie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kuniansky, Eve L. 0000-0002-5581-0225","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-0225","contributorId":214542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuniansky","given":"Eve","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reeves, Howard W. 0000-0001-8057-2081 hwreeves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-2081","contributorId":2307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"Howard","email":"hwreeves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70218252,"text":"70218252 - 2021 - Towards an urgent yet deliberate conservation strategy: Sustaining social-ecological systems in rangelands of the Northern Great Plains, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-23T12:35:38.776398","indexId":"70218252","displayToPublicDate":"2021-02-19T08:05:10","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1468,"text":"Ecology and Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Towards an urgent yet deliberate conservation strategy: Sustaining social-ecological systems in rangelands of the Northern Great Plains, Montana","docAbstract":"Tropicalization is a term used to describe the transformation of temperate ecosystems by poleward‐moving tropical organisms in response to warming temperatures. In North America, decreases in the frequency and intensity of extreme winter cold events are expected to allow the poleward range expansion of many cold‐sensitive tropical organisms, sometimes at the expense of temperate organisms. Although ecologists have long noted the critical ecological role of winter cold temperature extremes in tropical–temperate transition zones, the ecological effects of extreme cold events have been understudied, and the influence of warming winter temperatures has too often been left out of climate change vulnerability assessments. Here, we examine the influence of extreme cold events on the northward range limits of a diverse group of tropical organisms, including terrestrial plants, coastal wetland plants, coastal fishes, sea turtles, terrestrial reptiles, amphibians, manatees, and insects. For these organisms, extreme cold events can lead to major physiological damage or landscape‐scale mass mortality. Conversely, the absence of extreme cold events can foster population growth, range expansion, and ecological regime shifts. We discuss the effects of warming winters on species and ecosystems in tropical–temperate transition zones. In the 21st century, climate change‐induced decreases in the frequency and intensity of extreme cold events are expected to facilitate the poleward range expansion of many tropical species. Our review highlights critical knowledge gaps for advancing understanding of the ecological implications of the tropicalization of temperate ecosystems in North America.
Surface water is an irreplaceable resource for human survival and environmental sustainability. Accurate, finely detailed cartographic representations of hydrologic streamlines are critically important in various scientific domains, such as assessing the quantity and quality of present and future water resources, modeling climate changes, evaluating agricultural suitability, mapping flood inundation, and monitoring environmental changes. Conventional approaches to detecting such streamlines cannot adequately incorporate information from the complex three-dimensional (3D) environment of streams and land surface features. Such information is vital to accurately delineate streamlines. In recent years, high accuracy lidar data has become increasingly available for deriving both 3D information and terrestrial surface reflectance. This study develops an attention U-net model to take advantage of high-accuracy lidar data for finely detailed streamline detection and evaluates model results against a baseline of multiple traditional machine learning methods. The evaluation shows that the attention U-net model outperforms the best baseline machine learning method by an average F1 score of 11.25% and achieves significantly better smoothness and connectivity between classified streamline channels. These findings suggest that our deep learning approach can harness high-accuracy lidar data for fine-scale hydrologic streamline detection, and in turn produce desirable benefits for many scientific domains.
The need for basic information on spatial distribution and abundance of plant species for research and management in semiarid ecosystems is frequently unmet. This need is particularly acute in the large areas impacted by megafires in sagebrush steppe ecosystems, which require frequently updated information about increases in exotic annual invaders or recovery of desirable perennials. Remote sensing provides one avenue for obtaining this information. We considered how a vegetation model based on Landsat satellite imagery (30 m pixel resolution; annual images from 1985 to 2018) known as the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) “Back-in-Time” fractional component time-series, compared with field-based vegetation measurements. The comparisons focused on detection thresholds of post-fire emergence of fire-intolerant Artemisia L. species, primarily A. tridentata Nutt. (big sagebrush). Sagebrushes are scarce after fire and their paucity over vast burn areas creates challenges for detection by remote sensing. Measurements were made extensively across the Great Basin, USA, on eight burn scars encompassing ~500 000 ha with 80 plots sampled, and intensively on a single 113 000 ha burned area where we sampled 1454 plots.
Estimates of sagebrush cover from the NLCD were, as a mean, 6.5% greater than field-based estimates, and variance around this mean was high. The contrast between sagebrush cover measurements in field data and NLCD data in burned landscapes was considerable given that maximum cover values of sagebrush were ~35% in the field. It took approximately four to six years after the fire for NLCD to detect consistent, reliable signs of sagebrush recovery, and sagebrush cover estimated by NLCD ranged from 3 to 13% (equating to 0 to 7% in field estimates) at these times. The stabilization of cover and presence four to six years after fire contrasted with previous field-based studies that observed fluctuations over longer time periods.
While results of this study indicated that further improvement of remote sensing applications would be necessary to assess initial sagebrush recovery patterns, they also showed that Landsat satellite imagery detects the influence of burns and that the NLCD data tend to show faster rates of recovery relative to field observations.
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A relatively basal species, the pallid sturgeon, Scaphirhynchus albus, is a federally endangered species native to the Mississippi and Missouri River basins. Hybridization with sympatric shovelnose sturgeon, S. platorynchus, is one of several threats to pallid sturgeon. Current molecular markers cannot reliably distinguish among pure species and multigenerational backcrosses. This information is critical for implementation of management strategies to increase populations through natural reproduction and artificial propagation. Genotypes from a large panel of unlinked single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may provide greater resolution of the two species; however, paralogous sequence variants (PSVs) within individuals resulting from an ancient whole genome duplication event confound SNP development. The aim of this study was to produce pallid sturgeon gynogens that contain 100% homozygous DNA contributed by only the maternal parent and have enough DNA for future SNP marker development. When homozygous gynogens are sequenced, heterozygosity at a locus within an individual indicates the presence of incorrectly aligned sequences that contain PSVs; accurate identification of these multi-locus contigs can facilitate their exclusion when developing disomic markers. In this study, we attempted to produce two types of pallid sturgeon gynogens: a) haploid gynogens produced from the activation of pallid sturgeon eggs with ultraviolet-irradiated sperm from the distantly related paddlefish (Polyodon spathula), and b) doubled haploids produced from the activation of pallid sturgeon eggs with irradiated paddlefish milt followed by thermal shock to suppress the first mitotic division. Production of doubled haploids, gynogens with 100% homozygous DNA and double the genome content of haploid gynogens, was pursued because it was originally unknown if haploid gyongens would survive long enough to attain enough genetic material for SNP marker development. We performed flow cytometry and microsatellite genotyping on the specimens in order to confirm haploid and doubled haploid status. Our study was unable to successfully yield doubled haploids; however, we successfully produced haploid gynogens that contained enough nuclear DNA for our future SNP marker development study. Interestingly, this study also produced paddlefish × pallid sturgeon hybrids in the control groups in two separate years; this is the first study to report viable offspring between the paddlefish and a Scaphirhynchus sturgeon species and reflects on the malleability of the genomes of the species in this order.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736529","usgsCitation":"Flamio Jr., R., Chojnacki, K., Delonay, A.J., Dodson, M.J., Gocker, R.M., Jenkins, J., Powell, J., and Heist, E.J., 2021, Production of haploid gynogens to inform genomic resource development in the paleotetraploid pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus): Aquaculture, v. 538, 736529, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736529.","productDescription":"736529, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-121290","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":453398,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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Halemaʻumaʻu lava lake in 2013–2018 to depths commonly 40 meters or less below the rim of the vent was an excellent opportunity to study outgassing and the link to associated eruptive activity. We use videography to investigate the rise and bursting of bubbles through the free surface of the lake in 2015. We focus on low-energy explosive activity (spattering) in which the ascent and bursting of meter-sized, mechanically decoupled bubbles trigger the ejection of fluidal bombs to tens of meters above the free surface. A decay in initial pyroclast velocity with time follows the same functional form as that observed for ejecta at Stromboli (Italy), suggesting a similar bubble-burst mechanism. We also find that the upward velocity of the bubble crust as it bursts is around 2.5 times higher than the velocity of the bubble as it rises through the lake surface, indicating that the bubbles are over-pressurized. Prior to bursting, bubbles emerge at velocities of 4 to 14 meters per second, suggesting rise from depths of at least tens of meters but unaffected by the deeper circulation of the lava lake.
We identify three styles of bubble bursting: (1) isolated, widely spaced, single bursts, (2) recurring clusters of discrete bubbles, and (3) prolonged episodes of overlapping bubble bursts along elongate narrow sources typically parallel to the margins of the lava lake. We call these styles of bursting isolated events, clusters, and prolonged episodes, respectively. The frequency of bubble bursting and the mass fluxes of gas and pyroclasts increase from styles 1 to 3. The intensity (mass eruption rate) for single bubble bursts ranges from 280 to 3,500 kilograms per second. The total erupted mass of pyroclasts for a single burst is <4,000 kilograms (kg) and for a single well-constrained prolonged episode is about 107 kg. These numbers place the observed spattering at the lowest end of basaltic explosivity in terms of erupted mass (that is, magnitude). Most ejecta fell back into the crater; only strands of Pele’s hair rose to heights where they could be advected downwind from the vent.
Collectively, the explosive activity accompanying the three styles of bubble bursting spans from impulsive, transient eruptive behaviors to sustained discharge; this shift represents progressively higher frequency and intensity of bubble bursting.
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No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Phragmites Collaborative","usgsCitation":"Tucker, T., and Tank, S., 2021, Phragmites coloring cheet: GLPC Newsletter, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-126607","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":425733,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":383344,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.greatlakesphragmites.net/blog/phragmites-coloring-sheet/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tucker, Taaja 0000-0003-1534-4677","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1534-4677","contributorId":217908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"Taaja","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tank, Samantha","contributorId":251747,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tank","given":"Samantha","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13509,"text":"Great Lakes Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70219085,"text":"70219085 - 2021 - Analysis of archival specimens confirms White-nose syndrome in little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) from New York, USA, in spring 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-08T15:18:30.471771","indexId":"70219085","displayToPublicDate":"2021-02-18T08:28:26","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Analysis of archival specimens confirms White-nose syndrome in little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) from New York, USA, in spring 2007","title":"Analysis of archival specimens confirms White-nose syndrome in little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) from New York, USA, in spring 2007","docAbstract":"White-nose syndrome (WNS), an emerging fungal disease of North American bats, was first diagnosed in January 2008, although mortality and photo-documentation suggest the disease may have been present earlier. Using archived samples, we describe a definitive case of WNS in little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) from New York, USA, in spring 2007.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/JWD-D-20-00137","usgsCitation":"Keller, S., Lorch, J.M., Berlowski-Zier, B.M., Ballmann, A., and Blehert, D.S., 2021, Analysis of archival specimens confirms White-nose syndrome in little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) from New York, USA, in spring 2007: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 57, no. 2, p. 457-460, https://doi.org/10.7589/JWD-D-20-00137.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"457","endPage":"460","ipdsId":"IP-123533","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384579,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New 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York\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"57","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keller, Saskia","contributorId":255627,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keller","given":"Saskia","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorch, Jeffrey M. 0000-0003-2239-1252 jlorch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2239-1252","contributorId":5565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorch","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlorch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berlowski-Zier, Brenda M. 0000-0002-7922-8352 bberlowski-zier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7922-8352","contributorId":4288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berlowski-Zier","given":"Brenda","email":"bberlowski-zier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":812685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ballmann, Anne 0000-0002-0380-056X aballmann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0380-056X","contributorId":140319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballmann","given":"Anne","email":"aballmann@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blehert, David S. 0000-0002-1065-9760 dblehert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1065-9760","contributorId":140397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blehert","given":"David","email":"dblehert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70218707,"text":"70218707 - 2021 - Feral swine as sources of fecal contamination in recreational waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-08T14:30:53.834137","indexId":"70218707","displayToPublicDate":"2021-02-18T08:26:37","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feral swine as sources of fecal contamination in recreational waters","docAbstract":"Recreational waters are primary attractions at many national and state parks where feral swine populations are established, and thus are possible hotspots for visitor exposure to feral swine contaminants. Microbial source tracking (MST) was used to determine spatial and temporal patterns of fecal contamination in Congaree National Park (CONG) in South Carolina, U.S.A., which has an established population of feral swine and is a popular destination for water-based recreation. Water samples were collected between December 2017 and June 2019 from 18 surface water sites distributed throughout CONG. Host specific MST markers included human (HF183), swine (Pig2Bac), ruminant (Rum2Bac), cow (CowM3), chicken (CL), and a marker for shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC; stx2). Water samples were also screened for culturable Escherichia coli (E. coli) as part of a citizen science program. Neither the cow nor chicken MST markers were detected during the study. The human marker was predominantly detected at boundary sites or could be attributed to upstream sources. However, several detections within CONG without concurrent detections at upstream external sites suggested occasional internal contamination from humans. The swine marker was the most frequently detected of all MST markers, and was present at sites located both internal and external to the Park. Swine MST marker concentrations ≥ 43 gene copies/mL were associated with culturable E. coli concentrations greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency beach action value for recreational waters. None of the MST markers showed a strong association with detection of the pathogenic marker (stx2). Limited information about the health risk from exposure to fecal contamination from non-human sources hampers interpretation of the human health implications.
The invasion, or “encroachment”, of native conifers commonly occurs in the absence of frequent fire in deciduous woodlands and grasslands of the Pacific Northwest, USA. To effectively target restoration activities, managers require a better understanding of the outcomes of prescribed fire and the spatial patterns of conifer invasions. We examined the duration of prescribed fire effectiveness for controlling conifer invasions, as well as multiple site characteristics (including distance to potential seed trees, prescribed fire history, and topographic variables) that influenced conifer invasions following fire in grassland and oak woodland communities in the Bald Hills of Redwood National Park, California. Prescribed fire substantially reduced counts of small conifers (< 0.91 m in height), but reinvasion was rapid for sites ≤75 m from the forest edge, returning to pre‐fire levels by 2 years post‐fire. Following prescribed fires the presence of conifers was largely determined by proximity of overstory trees, with more than 95% of conifer seedlings (stems <1.37 m in height) found within 44 m of an overstory conifer. Number of fires and years since the most recent fire were not strongly related to counts of conifer seedlings and density of conifer saplings (stems from 0.1 to 10 cm diameter at breast height, 1.37 m). Our results suggest that in the Bald Hills vulnerability to conifer invasion is principally a function of proximity to seed sources, and the frequent application of prescribed fire or surrogate treatments are needed to prevent conifer seedlings from attaining fire‐resistant sizes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/rec.13366","usgsCitation":"van Mantgem, P., Wright, M., and Engber, E.A., 2021, Patterns of conifer invasion following prescribed fire in grasslands and oak woodlands of Redwood National Park, California: Restoration Ecology, v. 29, no. 4, e13366, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13366.","productDescription":"e13366, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119541","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384716,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Redwood National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.16954040527342,\n 41.589769752047076\n ],\n [\n -123.95874023437497,\n 41.589769752047076\n ],\n [\n -123.95874023437497,\n 41.77592047575288\n ],\n [\n -124.16954040527342,\n 41.77592047575288\n ],\n [\n -124.16954040527342,\n 41.589769752047076\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Mantgem, Phillip J. 0000-0002-3068-9422","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3068-9422","contributorId":204320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Mantgem","given":"Phillip J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, Micah C. 0000-0002-5324-1110","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5324-1110","contributorId":229071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Micah","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Engber, Eamon A.","contributorId":256704,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Engber","given":"Eamon","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":51834,"text":"National Park Service, Redwood National Park, 121200 HWY 101 Orick CA 95555","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":813093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70219091,"text":"70219091 - 2021 - The imminent calving retreat of Taku Glacier","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-23T13:08:13.389791","indexId":"70219091","displayToPublicDate":"2021-02-18T08:03:14","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7602,"text":"Eos, American Geophysical Union","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The imminent calving retreat of Taku Glacier","docAbstract":"Along the rugged Southeast Alaska coast, 30 kilometers northeast of the state capital Juneau, a tidewater glacier has largely defied global trends by steadily advancing for most of the past century while most glaciers on Earth retreated. This 55-kilometer-long and nearly 1,500-meter-thick tidewater glacier, named Taku Glacier, or T'aaḵú Ḵwáan Sít'i in the language of the Indigenous Tlingit people, has been the focus of continuous scientific study for more than 70 years. Some records even extend back to the mid-18th century. With this long observation record and the glacier’s year-round accessibility and proximity to Juneau and adjacent research facilities, Taku provides an unparalleled locale to study tidewater glaciers and their response to Earth’s rapidly changing climate.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2021EO154856","usgsCitation":"McNeil, C., Amundson, J., O’Neel, S., Motyka, R., Sass, L., Truffer, M., Ziemann, J., and Campbell, S., 2021, The imminent calving retreat of Taku Glacier: Eos, American Geophysical Union, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EO154856.","ipdsId":"IP-118556","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":453402,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2021eo154856","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":384576,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"102","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McNeil, Christopher J. 0000-0003-4170-0428 cmcneil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4170-0428","contributorId":5803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNeil","given":"Christopher J.","email":"cmcneil@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amundson, Jason","contributorId":255634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amundson","given":"Jason","affiliations":[{"id":51619,"text":"University of Alaska, Southeast","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Neel, Shad 0000-0002-9185-0144 soneel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-0144","contributorId":166740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neel","given":"Shad","email":"soneel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Motyka, Roman","contributorId":255635,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Motyka","given":"Roman","affiliations":[{"id":51619,"text":"University of Alaska, Southeast","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sass, Louis C. 0000-0003-4677-029X lsass@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4677-029X","contributorId":3555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sass","given":"Louis C.","email":"lsass@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Truffer, Martin","contributorId":255636,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Truffer","given":"Martin","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ziemann, Jenna","contributorId":255637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ziemann","given":"Jenna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Campbell, Seth","contributorId":255638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"Seth","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70218762,"text":"70218762 - 2021 - A 100-km wide slump along the upper slope of the Canadian Arctic was likely preconditioned for failure by brackish pore water flushing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-12T13:47:50.163175","indexId":"70218762","displayToPublicDate":"2021-02-18T07:42:33","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A 100-km wide slump along the upper slope of the Canadian Arctic was likely preconditioned for failure by brackish pore water flushing","docAbstract":"Exploration of the continental slope of the Canadian Beaufort Sea has revealed a remarkable coalescence of slide scars with headwalls between 130 and 1100 m water depth (mwd). With increased depth, the scars widen and merge into one gigantic regional slide scar that is more than 100 km wide below ~1100 mwd. To understand the development of these features, five sites were investigated with an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle, which provided 1-m bathymetric grids and Chirp profiles, and surveyed with a Remotely Operated Vehicle. The morphologies are consistent with retrograde failures that occurred on failure planes located between 30 and 75 m below the modern seafloor. At issue is whether the continental slope in this area is preconditioned for failure. While rapid sedimentation during glacial periods, and the presence of shallow gas cannot be ruled out, given the geological environment, it is unclear that they are primary preconditioning factors. Evidence of widespread flushing of the slope with brackish waters, and observed flows of brackish water within slide scars, suggest fluid venting and overpressure may play a role in the development of the extensive slope failures seen along this margin. The impact of pore water salinity changes at the depth of the failure plane on slope stability has not been considered in marine settings previously.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2021.106453","usgsCitation":"Paull, C., Dallimore, S., Caress, D., Gwiazda, R., Lundsten, E., Anderson, K., Melling, H., Jin, Y., Duchesne, M., S-G., K., Kim, S., Riedel, M., King, E., and Lorenson, T., 2021, A 100-km wide slump along the upper slope of the Canadian Arctic was likely preconditioned for failure by brackish pore water flushing: Marine Geology, v. 435, 106453, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2021.106453.","productDescription":"106453, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-118551","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":453405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2021.106453","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":384346,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","otherGeospatial":"Arctic Sea, Canadian Beaufort Sea","volume":"435","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paull, C. K.","contributorId":255036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"C. 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Understanding the movements of birds confronting the Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-26T12:35:06.203383","indexId":"70222375","displayToPublicDate":"2021-02-18T07:31:14","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Retreat, detour or advance? Understanding the movements of birds confronting the Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"During migration, birds must locate stopover habitats that provide sufficient resources to rest and refuel while en route to the breeding or non-breeding area. Long-distance migrants invariably encounter inhospitable geographic features, the edges of which are often characterized by habitat limited in food and safety. In response, they often depart in directions inconsistent with reaching their destination, presumably searching for better habitat. We used automated radio telemetry to track 442 individuals of five species to investigate the behavior of migratory birds as they departed edge habitat along the northern Gulf of Mexico coast during autumn from 2008 to 2014. Most migrants (75%) retreated inland or detoured around rather than advanced across the Gulf, but this depended on bird species and fat-based energy stores. Most individuals in lean condition or of smaller bodied species tended to retreat or detour, rather than advance, when departing from the coast. Twenty-one percent of all birds that departed the coast in 2013–2014 were redetected over 45 km inland, providing a unique opportunity to compare stopover duration, departure times and travel speeds between migrants that retreat away from the coast and those that continue to advance toward their destination. Individuals that retreated the coast and were redetected inland spent ~1 day on the coast before retreating inland, where they spent 11 days before resuming migration. Further when those same individuals retreated from the coast, they departed around evening civil twilight, whereas those that advanced from inland habitats departed after evening civil twilight. Travel speeds were slower for individuals retreating inland compared to those advancing towards the coast from inland habitats. The differences between retreating and advancing individuals suggest how an individual's drive to feed or fly influences behavior. Our study illustrates how the sum of individual decisions can shape habitat use, landscape-scale movements and migration strategies.
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