Sands Plain, a 225-square mile area, is near the Marquette iron-mining district in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Gribben Basin, a settling basin for disposal of waste rock particles from iron-ore concentration, is in the western part. Because Sands Plain is near iron-ore deposits, but not underlain by them, parts of the area are being considered as sites for additional tailings basins.
Glacial deposits, as much as 500 feet thick, comprise the principal aquifer. Most ground water flows through the glacial deposits and discharges in a series of nearly parallel tributaries to the Chocolay River which flows into Lake Superior. Ninety-five percent of the discharge of these streams is ground-water runoff. The aquifer is recharged by precipitation at an average rate of 15 inches per year and by streamflow losses from the upper reaches of Goose Lake Outlet at an average rate of 2 inches per year.
Precipitation collected at two sites had mean pH values of 4.0; rates of deposition of sulfate and total dissolved nitrogen were estimated to be 17.4 and 5.8 pounds per acre per year, respectively. Dissolved-solids concentrations in water from streams ranged from 82 to 143 milligrams per liter; sulfate ranged from 4.2 to 10 milligrams per liter. Calcium and bicarbonate were the principal dissolved substances. Highest dissolved-solids concentrations in water from wells in glacial deposits were found in a major buried valley east of Goose Lake Outlet. These concentrations ranged from 14 to 246 milligrams per liter; sulfate concentrations ranged from 0.9 to 53 milligrams per liter. Because of the high ground-water component of streamflow, mean concentrations of total nitrogen and trace metals in surface water do not differ significantly from mean concentrations in ground water.
A two-dimensional digital model of ground-water flow was used to simulate water levels and ground-water runoff under steady-state and transient conditions Predictive simulations with the steady-state model were made to determine the effects of continued operation of Gribben tailings basin and construction and operation of four hypothetical tailings basins. Operation of Gribben Basin has decreased the average rate of ground-water flow to Goose Lake Outlet by 0.9 to 1.6 cubic feet per second but has increased the average rate of groundwater flow to Warner Creek by about 0.2 cubic foot per second. Continued filling of the tailings basin to its design capacity is expected to cause a slight increase in leakage from the basin to Goose Lake Outlet.
Four hypothetical tailings basins, comprising a total of 11 square miles, were simulated by successively adding one more basin to the previous basin configuration. Net ground-water flow to streams was reduced by the simulated basins. The magnitude of these reductions depends on engineering decisions about the method of basin construction and a better understanding of the hydraulic properties of the materials used to seal the basin perimeters. The maximum total reduction in ground-water runoff due to construction and operation of 11 square miles of tailings basins is about 18 cubic feet per second compared to flow simulated by a steady-state simulation without tailings basins. If bottom sealing, rather than slurry wall construction, is used for one of the hypothetical basins, the total maximum reduction is 7.5 cubic feet per second. Under some assumed conditions, leakage from the tailings basins may slightly increase ground-water flow to Goose Lake Outlet and Warner Creek. The maximum probable leakage from all tailings basins is about 7 cubic feet per second; the minimum probable leakage is about 0.7 cubic foot per second.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri844114","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Michigan Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Grannemann, N., 1984, Hydrogeology and effects of tailings basins on the hydrology of Sands Plain, Marquette County, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4114, Document: vi, 98 p.; Plate: 22.07 x 17.25 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844114.","productDescription":"Document: vi, 98 p.; Plate: 22.07 x 17.25 inches","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56258,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4114/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4114/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56257,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4114/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Marquette County","otherGeospatial":"Sands Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.625,\n 46.5\n ],\n [\n -87.233333,\n 46.5\n ],\n [\n -87.233333,\n 46.316667\n ],\n [\n -87.466667,\n 46.316667\n ],\n [\n -87.466667,\n 46.366667\n ],\n [\n -87.516667,\n 46.391667\n ],\n [\n -87.625,\n 46.391667\n ],\n [\n -87.625,\n 46.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db6277f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grannemann, N.G.","contributorId":11221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grannemann","given":"N.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25654,"text":"wri834116B - 1984 - Maps showing ground-water levels, springs, and depth to ground water, Basin and Range Province, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T14:22:19","indexId":"wri834116B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4116","chapter":"B","title":"Maps showing ground-water levels, springs, and depth to ground water, Basin and Range Province, Southern California","docAbstract":"This report on ground-water levels, springs and depth to ground water in the Basin and Range province of southern California (see index map) was prepared as part of a program of the U.S. Geological Survey to identify prospective regions for further study relative to isolation of high-level nuclear waste (Bedinger, Sargent, and Reed, 1984), utilizing program guidelines defined in Sargent and Bedinger (1984). Also included in this report are selected references on pertinent geologic and hydrologic studies of the region. Other map reports in this series contain detailed data on ground-water quality, surface distribution of selected rock types, tectonic conditions, areal geophysics, Pleistocene lakes and marshes, and mineral and energy resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri834116B","usgsCitation":"Langer, W.H., Moyle, W., Woolfenden, L.R., and Mulvihill, D.A., 1984, Maps showing ground-water levels, springs, and depth to ground water, Basin and Range Province, Southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4116, Report: 6 p.; 2 Plates: 41.09 x 53.96 inches and 41.37 x 53.85 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834116B.","productDescription":"Report: 6 p.; 2 Plates: 41.09 x 53.96 inches and 41.37 x 53.85 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":373616,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4116b/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4116b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":373615,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4116b/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54425,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4116b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"500000","datum":"National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929","country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.87158203125,\n 32.509761735919426\n ],\n [\n -114.14794921875,\n 32.509761735919426\n ],\n [\n -114.14794921875,\n 38.805470223177466\n ],\n [\n -120.87158203125,\n 38.805470223177466\n ],\n [\n -120.87158203125,\n 32.509761735919426\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605a5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langer, William H. blanger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"William","email":"blanger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":194526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moyle, W. R.","contributorId":27421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moyle","given":"W. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woolfenden, L. R. 0000-0003-3500-4709","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3500-4709","contributorId":36945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woolfenden","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mulvihill, D. A.","contributorId":73644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulvihill","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":25655,"text":"wri834121B - 1984 - Maps showing ground-water levels, springs, and depth to ground water, Basin and Range Province, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-21T20:19:30.884169","indexId":"wri834121B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4121","chapter":"B","title":"Maps showing ground-water levels, springs, and depth to ground water, Basin and Range Province, Texas","docAbstract":"This report on ground-water levels, springs, and depth to ground water in the Basin and Range province of Texas (see index map) was prepared as part of a program of the U.S. Geological Survey to identify prospective regions for further study relative to isolation of high-level nuclear waste (Bedinger, Sargent, and Reed, 1984), utilizing program guidelines defined in Sargent and Bedinger (1984). Also included in this report are selected references on pertinent geologic and hydrologic studies of the region. Other map reports in this series contain detailed data on ground-water quality, surface distribution of selected rock types, tectonic conditions, areal geophysics, Pleistocene lakes and marshes, and mineral and energy resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri834121B","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Bureau of Economic Geology","usgsCitation":"Brady, B.T., Bedinger, M.S., Mulvihill, D.A., Mikels, J., and Langer, W.H., 1984, Maps showing ground-water levels, springs, and depth to ground water, Basin and Range Province, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4121, Report: 7 p.; 1 Plate: 38.65 x 54.85 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834121B.","productDescription":"Report: 7 p.; 1 Plate: 38.65 x 54.85 inches","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121733,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4121b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":393239,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4121b/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54426,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4121b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Basin and Range Province","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.6552734375,\n 28.844673680771795\n ],\n [\n -101.7333984375,\n 28.844673680771795\n ],\n [\n -101.7333984375,\n 31.87755764334002\n ],\n [\n -106.6552734375,\n 31.87755764334002\n ],\n [\n -106.6552734375,\n 28.844673680771795\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605a61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brady, B. T.","contributorId":93047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bedinger, M. S.","contributorId":65452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedinger","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mulvihill, D. A.","contributorId":73644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulvihill","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mikels, John","contributorId":24817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikels","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Langer, W. H.","contributorId":44932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":25656,"text":"wri834119B - 1984 - Maps showing ground-water levels, springs, and depth to water, Basin and Range Province, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-10T21:59:28.784867","indexId":"wri834119B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4119","chapter":"B","title":"Maps showing ground-water levels, springs, and depth to water, Basin and Range Province, Nevada","docAbstract":"This report on ground-water levels, springs and depth to ground water in the Basin and Range province of Nevada (see index map) was prepared as part of a program of the U.S. Geological Survey to identify prospective regions for further study relative to isolation of high-level nuclear waste (Bedinger, Sargent, and Reed, 1984), utilizing program guidelines defined in Sargent and Bedinger (1984). Also included in this report are selected references on pertinent geologic and hydrologic studies of the region. Other map reports in this series contain detailed data on ground-water quality, surface distribution of selected rock types, tectonic conditions, areal geophysics, Pleistocene lakes and marshes, and mineral and energy resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri834119B","usgsCitation":"Bedinger, M.S., Harrill, J., Langer, W.H., Thomas, J.M., and Mulvihill, D.A., 1984, Maps showing ground-water levels, springs, and depth to water, Basin and Range Province, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4119, Report: 11 p.; 2 Plates: 44.07 x 40.71 inches and 55.63 x 33.73 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834119B.","productDescription":"Report: 11 p.; 2 Plates: 44.07 x 40.71 inches and 55.63 x 33.73 inches","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411675,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35765.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":54427,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4119b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":373622,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4119b/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118966,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4119b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":373623,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4119b/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"500000","datum":"National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929","country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Basin and Range province","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.0146484375,\n 35.02099970111467\n ],\n [\n -114.027099609375,\n 35.02099970111467\n ],\n [\n -114.027099609375,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -120.0146484375,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -120.0146484375,\n 35.02099970111467\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605a65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bedinger, M. S.","contributorId":65452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedinger","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harrill, J. R.","contributorId":10417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrill","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langer, William H. blanger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"William","email":"blanger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":194534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thomas, J. M.","contributorId":62217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mulvihill, D. A.","contributorId":73644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulvihill","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":25657,"text":"wri834122B - 1984 - Maps showing ground-water levels, springs, and depth to ground water, Basin and Range province, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-10T21:03:50.927375","indexId":"wri834122B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4122","chapter":"B","title":"Maps showing ground-water levels, springs, and depth to ground water, Basin and Range province, Utah","docAbstract":"This report on ground-water levels, springs, and depth to ground water in the Basin and Range province of Utah (see index map) was prepared as part of a program of the U.S. Geological Survey to identify prospective regions for further study relative to isolation of high-level nuclear waste (Bedinger, Sargent, and Reed, 1984), utilizing program guidelines defined in Sargent and Bedinger (1984) . Also included in this report are selected references on pertinent geologic and hydrologic studies of the region. Other map reports in this series contain detailed data on ground-water quality, surface distribution of selected rock types, tectonic conditions, areal geophysics, Pleistocene lakes and marshes, and mineral and energy resources.
Rapid melting of a snowpack containing 2 to 6 inches of water equivalent coinciding with moderate rainfall caused flooding in March 1982 across northern Indiana, southern Michigan, and northwestern Ohio. Millions of dollars in property damage and the loss of four lives resulted from the flooding. Peak discharges at several gaging stations in each of the following river basins have recurrence intervals of 50 to greater than 100 years: Wabash, St. Joseph, River Raisin, Maumee, and Kankakee. Flooding in the Wabash River basin was confined to major tributaries draining from the north. The St. Joseph River experienced flooding having a recurrence interval of about 50 years. Peak discharges having recurrence intervals of 50 to greater than 100 years were recorded on the River Raisin. Flooding on most large streams in the Maumee River basin was the worst since 1913. The Kankakee River and its major tributary, Yellow River, recorded peak discharges having recurrence intervals greater than 100 years. Hydrologic data have been tabulated for 83 gaging stations and partial-record sites. Maps are presented to emphasize the severity and untimely sequence of meteorological conditions that provided the potential and triggered the floods. Hydrographs are shown for 32 gaging stations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri834201","usgsCitation":"Glatfelter, D., Butch, G., and Stewart, J.A., 1984, Floods of March 1982, Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4201, vi, 40 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834201.","productDescription":"vi, 40 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56197,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4201/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4201/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana, Michigan, 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a529","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glatfelter, D.R.","contributorId":11623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glatfelter","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Butch, G.K.","contributorId":63849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butch","given":"G.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stewart, J. A.","contributorId":50158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30276,"text":"wri834140 - 1984 - Water resources of the Palau Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-29T22:15:11.340553","indexId":"wri834140","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4140","title":"Water resources of the Palau Islands","docAbstract":"The Palau Islands are a group of 350 islands, ranging in size from a few hundred square feet to the 153-square-mile island of Babelthuap. Babelthuap is the second largest island in the Western Pacific and comprises more than 80 percent of the total land area of the Palau Islands. Most of the islands are uninhabited limestone ridges covered with dense vegetation. These islands have no freshwater resources and are not included in this report. The island of Koror with an area of 3.6 square miles is the administrative, commercial, and population center of Palau and has an annual average rainfall of 148 inches. Short-term rainfall records at other locations in the islands indicate little variation in annual rainfall throughout the Palau Islands. Runoff-to-rainfall ratios for streams on Babelthuap show that about 70 percent of the rain falling on the island runs off to the ocean. The uniformity of rainfall and basin characteristics is shown by the excellent correlation between mean annual rainfall on Koror and streamflow on Babelthuap and by the close correlations between discharge at gaging stations and partial-record sites. Surface water quality is generally very good as shown by 55 chemical analyses of water from 18 sources. The dissolved solids concentration of water samples did not exceed 66 milligrams per liter. This report summarizes in one volume hydrologic data collection in a 14-year period of study and provides interpretations of the data than can be used by planners and public works officials as a basis for making decisions on the development and management of the islands' water resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri834140","usgsCitation":"Van der Brug, O., 1984, Water resources of the Palau Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4140, xv, 223 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834140.","productDescription":"xv, 223 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":59059,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4140/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4140/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":409834,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49172.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Palau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 136.28585660261035,\n 9.369004033133194\n ],\n [\n 131.81422816592465,\n 9.369004033133194\n ],\n [\n 131.81422816592465,\n 4.266662315304046\n ],\n [\n 136.28585660261035,\n 4.266662315304046\n ],\n [\n 136.28585660261035,\n 9.369004033133194\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49b8e4b07f02db5ccfe6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van der Brug, Otto","contributorId":37347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van der Brug","given":"Otto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30825,"text":"ofr84460 - 1984 - Hydrologic data on the Pueblos of Jemez, Zia, and Santa Ana, Sandoval County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-02T21:18:34.009685","indexId":"ofr84460","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-460","title":"Hydrologic data on the Pueblos of Jemez, Zia, and Santa Ana, Sandoval County, New Mexico","docAbstract":"This report presents currently available geohydrologic data on the Pueblos of Jemez, Zia, and Santa Ana. Data about the occurrence, quantity, and quality of water from wells, springs, and streams are presented in nine tables. Data are tabulated for 73 wells and 39 springs. Water quality analyses are presented for 26 wells and 19 springs. The location of data sites, water level altitudes for wells, land surface altitudes at springs, water quality data, and other information are shown on two plates. These data provide a base with which to better define the water resources of the three pueblos.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr84460","usgsCitation":"Craigg, S.D., 1984, Hydrologic data on the Pueblos of Jemez, Zia, and Santa Ana, Sandoval County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-460, Report: iv, 34 p.; 2 Plates: 24.33 × 34.36 inches and 24.33 × 34.46 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84460.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 34 p.; 2 Plates: 24.33 × 34.36 inches and 24.33 × 34.46 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406187,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_27297.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":59550,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0460/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59549,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0460/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59548,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0460/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160905,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0460/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Sandoval County","otherGeospatial":"Pueblos of Jemez, Zia, and Santa Ana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107,\n 35.331\n ],\n [\n -106.375,\n 35.331\n ],\n [\n -106.375,\n 35.875\n ],\n [\n -107,\n 35.875\n ],\n [\n -107,\n 35.331\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db607371","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Craigg, S. D.","contributorId":59839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craigg","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30275,"text":"wri834139 - 1984 - Water resources of Ponape, Caroline Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:51","indexId":"wri834139","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4139","title":"Water resources of Ponape, Caroline Islands","docAbstract":"Ponape is the third largest island in the western Pacific, with a land area of 129 square miles. The island is volcanic, nearly circular in shape, and covered with lush tropical vegetation. The mountainous interior has the highest peaks in the western Pacific. Annual rainfall at Kolonia and other coastal areas is 191 inches. Inland at higher elevations, the rainfall is considerably higher. The upper Nanpil River basin averages about 340 inches annually. Runoff-to-rainfall ratios for Ponapean streams show that about two thirds of the rain falling on the island runs off. Flow-duration curves show the similarity of the geology, vegetation, and rainfall of the drainage basins and indicate little ground-water contribution to surface runoff. Surface-water quality is excellent as shown by 53 chemical anlyses of water from 19 streams. Water of the Nanpil River, the source of water for the central water system, is especially low in dissolved elements and solids. This report summarizes in one volume all the hydrologic data collected and provides analyses that may be used by planning and public works officials as a basis for making decisions on the development and management of their water resources. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, WRD,","doi":"10.3133/wri834139","usgsCitation":"Van der Brug, O., 1984, Water resources of Ponape, Caroline Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4139, xiii, 171 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834139.","productDescription":"xiii, 171 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4139/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59058,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4139/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e59c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van der Brug, Otto","contributorId":37347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van der Brug","given":"Otto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27287,"text":"wri844327 - 1984 - Evaluation of the ground-water resources of parts of Lancaster and Berks Counties, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-05T10:30:37","indexId":"wri844327","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4327","title":"Evaluation of the ground-water resources of parts of Lancaster and Berks Counties, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Secondary openings in bedrock are the avenues for virtually all ground-water flow in a 626-sqare-mile area in Lancaster and Berks Counties, Pennsylvania. The number, size, and interconnection of secondary openings are functions of lithology, depth, and topography. Ground water actively circulates to depths of 150 to 300 feet below land surface. Total average annual ground-water recharge for the area is 388 million gallons per day, most of which discharges to streams from local, unconfined flow systems. \r\n\r\n A digital ground-water flow model was developed to simulate unconfined flow under several different recharge and withdrawal scenarios. On the basis of lithologic and hydrologic differences, the modeled area was sub-divided into 22 hydrogeologic units. A finite-difference grid with rectangular blocks, each 2,015 by 2,332 feet, was used. The model was calibrated under steady-state and transient conditions. The steady-state calibration was used to determine hydraulic conductivities and stream leakage coefficients and the transient calibration was used to determine specific yields. \r\n\r\n The 22 hydrogeologic units fall into four general lithologies: Carbonate rocks, metamorphic rocks, Paleozoic sedimentary rocks, and Triassic sedimentary rocks. Average hydraulic conductivity ranges from about 8.8 feet per day in carbonate units to about .5 feet per day in metamorphic units. The Stonehenge Formation (limestone) has the greatest average hydraulic conductivity--85.2 feet per day in carbonate units to about 0.11 feet per day in the greatest gaining-strem leakage coefficient--16.81 feet per day. Specific yield ranges from 0.06 to 0.09 in carbonate units, and is 0.02 to 0.015, and 0.012 in metamorphic, Paleozoic sedimentary, and Triassic sedimentary units, respectively. \r\n\r\n Transient simulations were made to determine the effects of four different combinations of natural and artificial stresses. Natural aquifer conditions (no ground-water withdrawals) and actual aquifer conditions (current ground-water withdrawals) were simulated for two years under normal seasonal and hypothetical drought (60-percent reduction in winter-spring recharge) conditions. \r\n\r\n In October, 6 months after the hypothetical drought, simulated declines in water-table altitude due to the drought occurred everywhere and ranged from a median of 3.6 feet in carbonate units to 8.7 feet in carbonate units. Simulated base flows for five major streams were reduced by 33 to 51 percent during the hypothetical drought. \r\n\r\n Also in October, maximum simulated declines in water-table altitude due to ground-water withdrawls ranged from 33 feet in carbonate units to 79 feet in Triassic sedimentary units. Simulated base flows for five major streams were reduced by the amount of ground water withdrawn. \r\n\r\n Finally, again in October, maximum simulated declines in water-table altitude due to the combination of hypothetical drought and ground-water withdrawls ranged from 38 feet in carbonate units to 109 feet in Triassic sedimentary units. Due to aquifer dewatering, simulated declines were as much as 24 feet greater than the sum of the separate simulated declines that were caused by hypothetical drought and ground-water withdrawals. Some of the greatest simulated declines were in well fields, operated by three municipalities that experienced water-supply problems during the 1980-81 drought.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844327","usgsCitation":"Gerhart, J.M., and Lazorchick, G., 1984, Evaluation of the ground-water resources of parts of Lancaster and Berks Counties, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4327, vii, 136 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844327.","productDescription":"vii, 136 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56170,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4327/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56169,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4327/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56165,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4327/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56166,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4327/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56167,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4327/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4327/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56168,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4327/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611ae6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerhart, J. M.","contributorId":12855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerhart","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lazorchick, G.J.","contributorId":100391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lazorchick","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30274,"text":"wri834161 - 1984 - Water resources of Kosrae, Caroline Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:51","indexId":"wri834161","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4161","title":"Water resources of Kosrae, Caroline Islands","docAbstract":"Kosrae is a high volcanic island about 42 square miles in area and the easternmost of the Caroline Islands. Mount Finkol (Mt. Crozer), at 2,065 feet, is the highest point on the island. Mountainous ridges descend sharply to narrow coastal strips which support a population of 5,500 people. Many streams, some quite large relative to the size of the island, drain radially from the interior. The average annual discharge of surface water amounts to almost 7 million gallons per square mile per day. Annual rainfall for coastal areas on Kosrae averages about 200 inches, and is similar to the rainfall for coastal areas on the island of Ponape, about 340 statute miles to the northwest. Rainfall in the interior was estimated at 225 inches per year of which about two thirds runs off as streamflow. Surface-water quality is very good as shown by 42 chemical analyses of water from 12 streams. This report summarizes in one volume the hydrologic data collected and provides interpretations that can be used by planning and public works officials as a basis for making decisions on the development and management of their water resources. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri834161","usgsCitation":"Van der Brug, O., 1984, Water resources of Kosrae, Caroline Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4161, xii, 143 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834161.","productDescription":"xii, 143 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159332,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4161/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59057,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4161/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e5aa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van der Brug, Otto","contributorId":37347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van der Brug","given":"Otto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":47686,"text":"wri844163 - 1984 - Hydrology of Lake Butler, Orange County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:25","indexId":"wri844163","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4163","title":"Hydrology of Lake Butler, Orange County, Florida","docAbstract":"Lake Butler is one of the lakes that collectively make up the Butler chain of lakes in the headwaters of the Kissimmee River, Florida. The bottom configuration of the lake is typical of relict karst features formed during lower stages in sea level. The top of the Floridan aquifer is 50 to 100 feet below the land surface. The drainage area of Lake Butler is approximately 14.5 sq mi and is comprised of sub-basins of other lakes in the vicinity. Surface outflow from Lake Butler is generally southward to Cypress Creek, a tributary of the Kissimmee River. The extremes in lake stage for the period 1933-81 are 94.67 ft on June 23, 1981 and 101.78 ft on September 13, 1960. The median lake stage for this period was 99.28 ft above sea level. The quality of water in Lake Butler is excellent, based on studies of physical, chemical, and biological conditions by the Orange County Pollution Control Department. The lake water is slightly acidic and soft (48 mg/L hardness as calcium carbonate). Pesticides in water were below detection levels at two sites sampled in the lake, but were detected in the bottom sediments. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri844163","usgsCitation":"Smoot, J.L., and Schiffer, D.M., 1984, Hydrology of Lake Butler, Orange County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4163, 3 maps on 1 sheet : col. ; 19 x 19 cm. and smaller, sheet 68 x 94 cm., folded in envelope 32 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844163.","productDescription":"3 maps on 1 sheet : col. ; 19 x 19 cm. and smaller, sheet 68 x 94 cm., folded in envelope 32 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169889,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":84596,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4163/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db604b47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smoot, James L.","contributorId":13605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoot","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schiffer, Donna M. schiffer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schiffer","given":"Donna","email":"schiffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":236006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":47683,"text":"wri844270 - 1984 - Geohydrologic conditions in the Vekol Valley, Pinal and Maricopa Counties, Arizona-1983","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-17T21:30:19.710164","indexId":"wri844270","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4270","title":"Geohydrologic conditions in the Vekol Valley, Pinal and Maricopa Counties, Arizona-1983","docAbstract":"Vekol Valley is a north-trending valley in south-central Arizona. The valley includes 270 mi2 and is bounded by the Table Top and Vekol Mountains on the east, the Sand Tank and Maricopa Mountains and the White Hills on the west, and the Both and Haley Hills on the north. The climate is semiarid and precipitation occurs as local summer thunderstorms and regional winter storms. The average annual precipitation is 7 to 8 in., and the potential evaporation rate is about 10 times that of the average annual rainfall (Sells and Hill, 1974, p. 7, 44). Storm runoff occurs mainly as sheetflow and floods of short duration. Although some runoff is diverted into catchment tanks for use by livestock, runoff is not used for irrigation or public supply.
Vekol Valley is underlain by a thick sequence of basin sediments, sedimentary rocks, and volcanic rocks. The surrounding mountains are composed of crystalline and volcanic rocks, which also underlie the basin sediments to form the sides and bottom of the basin. The valley is divided into a northern part and a southern part by a bedrock outcrop of crystalline rocks between the White Hills on the west and the Table Top Mountains on the east (R. P. Wilson, 1979, p. 8). The northern part is about 90 mi2 (J. R. Marie and K. J. Hollett, U.S. Geological Survey, written commun., 1984) and the southern part is about 180 mi2.
The hydrologic data on which this map is based are available, for the most part, in computer-printout form and may be consulted at the Arizona Department of Water Resources, 99 East Virginia, Phoenix, and the U.S. Geological Survey offices in: Federal Building, 301 West Congress Street, Tucson , and 3788 North 16th Street, Suite E, Phoenix. Material from which copies can be made at private expense is available at the Tuscon and Phoenix offices of the U.S. Geological Survey.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844270","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs","usgsCitation":"Cuff, M.K., 1984, Geohydrologic conditions in the Vekol Valley, Pinal and Maricopa Counties, Arizona-1983: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4270, 1 Plate: 40.12 x 34.31 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844270.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 40.12 x 34.31 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161672,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4270/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":84592,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4270/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":430341,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36114.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"datum":"National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Maricopa County, Pinal County","otherGeospatial":"Vekol Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.5,\n 32.5\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 32.5\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -112.5,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -112.5,\n 32.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4eac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cuff, Melinda K.","contributorId":37786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuff","given":"Melinda","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":47681,"text":"wri844357 - 1984 - Percentage change in saturated thickness of the High Plains Aquifer, west-central Kansas, 1950 to average 1982-84","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-08T09:38:52","indexId":"wri844357","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4357","title":"Percentage change in saturated thickness of the High Plains Aquifer, west-central Kansas, 1950 to average 1982-84","docAbstract":"Continuing studies are being made in west-central Kansas to provide up-to-date information to aid in the management of ground water for irrigation. This report, prepared in cooperation with the Western Kansas Groundwater Management District No. 1, presents the fourth in a series of studies that uses a statistical technique, called kriging, to produce hydrologic maps that are used as management tools.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844357","usgsCitation":"Pabst, M.E., and Dague, B.J., 1984, Percentage change in saturated thickness of the High Plains Aquifer, west-central Kansas, 1950 to average 1982-84: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4357, 54.74 x 32.53 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844357.","productDescription":"54.74 x 32.53 inches","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359298,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4357/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":162593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4357/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102,\n 38.3\n ],\n [\n -100.245,\n 38.3\n ],\n [\n -100.25,\n 38.55\n ],\n [\n -102,\n 38.55\n ],\n [\n -102,\n 38.3\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688732","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pabst, Marilyn E.","contributorId":25566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pabst","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dague, Barbara J.","contributorId":84811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dague","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28420,"text":"wri844306 - 1984 - Water-data program of the US Geological Survey in Kansas, fiscal year 1983","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:47","indexId":"wri844306","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4306","title":"Water-data program of the US Geological Survey in Kansas, fiscal year 1983","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is the principal Federal agency responsible for the collection of hydrologic data needed for the planning, development, use, and management of the water resources in Kansas. Hydrologic-data collection by the U.S. Geological Survey in Kansas began in 1895. The fiscal-year 1983 water-data program, operated in cooperation with several Federal , State, and local agencies, included 270 stations for collection of river, lake, and reservoir data, 1,940 wells for collection of ground-water data; 53 sampling stations and 215 wells for collection of water-quality data. This report provides a detailed description of the water-data program, including coordination and funding, data-collection activities, quality-assurance plans, availability of data, network design, and future needs for water data. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844306","usgsCitation":"Livingston, R., and Medina, K., 1984, Water-data program of the US Geological Survey in Kansas, fiscal year 1983: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4306, iv, 33 p. :ill., maps ;22 x 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844306.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p. :ill., maps ;22 x 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4306/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57221,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4306/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f0e4b07f02db5edf07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Livingston, R.K.","contributorId":49006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livingston","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Medina, K.D.","contributorId":46925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medina","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29493,"text":"wri834135 - 1984 - Regional geohydrology of the northern Louisiana salt-dome basin, part II, geohydrologic maps of the Tertiary aquifers and related confining layers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-21T20:26:28.18915","indexId":"wri834135","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4135","title":"Regional geohydrology of the northern Louisiana salt-dome basin, part II, geohydrologic maps of the Tertiary aquifers and related confining layers","docAbstract":"Regional geohydrologic maps show the altitude of the base and the thickness of the aquifers of Tertiary age and related confining layers in the northern Louisiana salt-dome basin. The limit of freshwater in aquifers is also shown. The basin has an area of about 3,000 square miles, and four geologic units of Tertiary age contain regional aquifers. From oldest (deepest) to youngest, the aquifers are in the Wilcox Group, Carrizo Sand, Sparta Sand, and Cockfield Formation. As the Wilcox is hydraulically interconnected with the overlying Carrizo, they are treated as one hydrologic unit, the Wilcox-Carrizo aquifer. The aquifers are separated by confining layers that retard water movement. In the northwestern part of the area, the Wilcox-Carrizo aquifer is separated from the underlying sand facies of the Nacatoch Sand (Cretaceous age) by a confining layer composed of the Midway Group (Tertiary age) and the underlying Arkadelphia Marl and an upper clay and marl facies of the Nacatoch Sand (both of Cretaceous age). In the remainder of the area, the Wilcox-Carrizo aquifer is separated from an underlying Cretaceous aquifer comprised of the Tokio Formation and Brownstown Marl by the Midway Group and several underlying Cretaceous units which in order of increasing age are the Arkadelphia Maril, Nacatoch Sand, Saratoga Chalk, Marlbrook Marl , and Annona Chalk. The Wilcox-Carrizo aquifer is separated from the Sparta aquifer by the overyling Cane River Formation. The Sparta aquifer is separated from the Cockfield aquifer by the overlying Cook Mountain Formation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri834135","usgsCitation":"Ryals, G., 1984, Regional geohydrology of the northern Louisiana salt-dome basin, part II, geohydrologic maps of the Tertiary aquifers and related confining layers: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4135, Report: iii, 6 p.; 7 Plates: 21.40 × 22.74 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834135.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 6 p.; 7 Plates: 21.40 × 22.74 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":58338,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4135/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58337,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4135/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58336,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4135/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":393241,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35797.htm"},{"id":58342,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4135/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58335,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4135/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4135/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58341,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4135/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58340,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4135/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58339,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4135/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.75,\n 31.536\n ],\n [\n -91.603,\n 31.536\n ],\n [\n -91.603,\n 33.433\n ],\n [\n -93.75,\n 33.433\n ],\n [\n -93.75,\n 31.536\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2be4b07f02db613575","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryals, G.N.","contributorId":47374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryals","given":"G.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":46865,"text":"ofr8451 - 1984 - Geohydrologic framework of the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":46865,"text":"ofr8451 - 1984 - Geohydrologic framework of the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon","indexId":"ofr8451","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Geohydrologic framework of the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":67933,"text":"ha681 - 1986 - Geohydrologic framework of the Snake River Plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon","indexId":"ha681","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Geohydrologic framework of the Snake River Plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":67933,"text":"ha681 - 1986 - Geohydrologic framework of the Snake River Plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon","indexId":"ha681","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Geohydrologic framework of the Snake River Plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-21T20:46:02.999936","indexId":"ofr8451","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-51","title":"Geohydrologic framework of the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon","docAbstract":"This report is one in a series resulting from the U.S. Geological Survey's Snake River Plain RASA (Regional Aquifer System Analysis) study that was initiated in October 1979.
As stated by Lindholm (1981), the purpose of the study was to (1) refine knowledge of the regional ground-water flow system, (2) determine effects of conjunctive use of ground and surface water, and (3) describe water chemistry.
The purpose of this report is to summarize knowledge concerning the geohydrologic framework of the Snake River Plain. Definition of the framework is based on preexisting geologic and hydrologic data and new date collected during this study.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr8451","usgsCitation":"Whitehead, R., 1984, Geohydrologic framework of the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-51, 3 Plates: 44:45 x 28.07 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8451.","productDescription":"3 Plates: 44:45 x 28.07 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172258,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0051/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":399460,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0051/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":399459,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0051/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":399458,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0051/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Snake River plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.1142578125,\n 44.5278427984555\n ],\n [\n -117.46582031249999,\n 44.276671273775186\n ],\n [\n -117.57568359374999,\n 43.77109381775651\n ],\n [\n -116.8505859375,\n 43.27720532212024\n ],\n [\n -116.4111328125,\n 42.924251753870685\n ],\n [\n -115.29052734375,\n 42.4234565179383\n ],\n [\n -114.2578125,\n 42.342305278572816\n ],\n [\n -112.8955078125,\n 42.61779143282346\n ],\n [\n -112.4560546875,\n 43.197167282501276\n ],\n [\n -111.7529296875,\n 43.644025847699496\n ],\n [\n -111.4892578125,\n 44.213709909702054\n ],\n [\n -111.4892578125,\n 44.32384807250689\n ],\n [\n -111.884765625,\n 44.74673324024678\n ],\n [\n -112.52197265625,\n 44.62175409623324\n ],\n [\n -112.8515625,\n 44.276671273775186\n ],\n [\n -113.64257812499999,\n 43.51668853502906\n ],\n [\n -114.12597656249999,\n 43.51668853502906\n ],\n [\n -114.9169921875,\n 43.56447158721811\n ],\n [\n -115.3564453125,\n 43.59630591596548\n ],\n [\n -115.90576171874999,\n 43.67581809328341\n ],\n [\n -116.1474609375,\n 44.10336537791152\n ],\n [\n -116.03759765625,\n 44.37098696297173\n ],\n [\n -116.3232421875,\n 44.824708282300236\n ],\n [\n -116.71874999999999,\n 44.74673324024678\n ],\n [\n -117.1142578125,\n 44.5278427984555\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8e6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitehead, R.L.","contributorId":34891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitehead","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30631,"text":"wri844001 - 1984 - Hydrologic, demographic, and land-use data for the Snake River Plain, southeastern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-04T00:11:15.474311","indexId":"wri844001","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4001","title":"Hydrologic, demographic, and land-use data for the Snake River Plain, southeastern Idaho","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri844001","usgsCitation":"Young, H., and Jones, M., 1984, Hydrologic, demographic, and land-use data for the Snake River Plain, southeastern Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4001, Report: iii, 29 p.; 11 Plates: 39.78 x 29.90 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844001.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 29 p.; 11 Plates: 39.78 x 29.90 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":383771,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4001/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383770,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4001/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383769,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4001/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383768,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4001/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383767,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4001/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383766,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4001/plate-9.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383776,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4001/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383775,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4001/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383774,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4001/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383773,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4001/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383772,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4001/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383765,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4001/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159933,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4001/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 42.049292638686836\n ],\n [\n -111.09374999999999,\n 42.049292638686836\n ],\n [\n -111.09374999999999,\n 44.731125592643274\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 44.731125592643274\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 42.049292638686836\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e9b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, H.W.","contributorId":68278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Michael L.","contributorId":7219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[{"id":6590,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":203570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28723,"text":"wri834256 - 1984 - Effects of three phosphate industrial sites on ground-water quality in central Florida, 1979 to 1980","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-13T17:49:39.065886","indexId":"wri834256","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4256","title":"Effects of three phosphate industrial sites on ground-water quality in central Florida, 1979 to 1980","docAbstract":"Geologic, hydrologic, and water quality data and information on test holes collected in the vicinity of gypsum stack complexes at two phosphate chemical plants and one phosphatic clayey waste disposal pond at a phosphate mine and beneficiation plant in central Florida are presented. The data were collected from September 1979 to October 1980 at the AMAX Phosphate, Inc. chemical plant, Piney Point; the USS Agri-Chemicals chemical plant, Bartow; and the International Minerals and Chemical Corporation Clear Springs mine, Bartow. Approximately 5,400 field and laboratory water quality determinations on water samples collected from about 100 test holes and 28 surface-water , 5 rainfall, and other sampling sites at phosphate industry beneficiation and chemical plant waste disposal operations are tabulated. Maps are included to show sampling sites. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri834256","usgsCitation":"Miller, R.L., and Sutcliffe, H., 1984, Effects of three phosphate industrial sites on ground-water quality in central Florida, 1979 to 1980: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4256, x, 184 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834256.","productDescription":"x, 184 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":57552,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4256/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122657,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4256/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":466126,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35886.htm","text":"USSAC and IMC plant sites","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":466125,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35885.htm","text":"AMAX plant site","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.47943871799596,\n 28.219395941025553\n ],\n [\n -82.49798608995513,\n 28.219395941025553\n ],\n [\n -82.49798608995513,\n 27.382784530994\n ],\n [\n -81.47943871799596,\n 27.382784530994\n ],\n [\n -81.47943871799596,\n 28.219395941025553\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db6100a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, R. L.","contributorId":54178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sutcliffe, Horace Jr.","contributorId":96725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutcliffe","given":"Horace","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28728,"text":"wri844242 - 1984 - Oregon ground-water quality and its relation to hydrogeologic factors — A statistical approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-04T19:41:38.50013","indexId":"wri844242","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4242","title":"Oregon ground-water quality and its relation to hydrogeologic factors — A statistical approach","docAbstract":"An appraisal of Oregon ground-water quality was made using existing data accessible through the U.S. Geological Survey computer system. The data available for about 1,000 sites were separated by aquifer units and hydrologic units. Selected statistical moments were described for 19 constituents including major ions. About 96 percent of all sites in the data base were sampled only once. The sample data were classified by aquifer unit and hydrologic unit and analysis of variance was run to determine if significant differences exist between the units within each of these two classifications for the same 19 constituents on which statistical moments were determined. Results of the analysis of variance indicated both classification variables performed about the same, but aquifer unit did provide more separation for some constituents. Samples from the Rogue River basin were classified by location within the flow system and type of flow system. The samples were then analyzed using analysis of variance on 14 constituents to determine if there were significant differences between subsets classified by flow path. Results of this analysis were not definitive, but classification as to the type of flow system did indicate potential for segregating water-quality data into distinct subsets.
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aeee4b07f02db691139","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, T. L.","contributorId":54557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gonthier, J. B.","contributorId":63805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonthier","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28744,"text":"wri834246 - 1984 - Ground water in the Fresno area, California; preliminary report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:46","indexId":"wri834246","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4246","title":"Ground water in the Fresno area, California; preliminary report","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Fresno County, is developing a computer model of the unconfined aquifer system in the Fresno area. In the area, consolidated rocks are overlain by unconsolidated deposits. The unconsolidated deposits are divided into a lower fine-grained unit and an overlying coarse-grained unit. The system is assumed to be a single unconfined unit. The top of the system is the water table and the bottom is the base of the coarse-grained deposits. The northeastern boundary is the only natural lateral hydrologic boundary. The other lateral boundaries are placed so that errors along them will not affect heads in the area of interest. Initial heads for 1943, hydraulic conductivity, and bottom elevations were used in a steady-state model that generated net flux values. It is anticipated that most of the remaining effort will center on model calibration. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri834246","usgsCitation":"Mitten, H., 1984, Ground water in the Fresno area, California; preliminary report: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4246, iv, 15 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834246.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4246/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57594,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4246/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db6744c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mitten, H. T.","contributorId":88735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitten","given":"H. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28749,"text":"wri844345 - 1984 - Conceptual hydrologic model of flow in the unsaturated zone, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:46","indexId":"wri844345","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4345","title":"Conceptual hydrologic model of flow in the unsaturated zone, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"The unsaturated volcanic tuffs beneath Yucca Mountain, Nevada, are being evaluated as a host rock for a potential repository for high-level radioactive waste. A conceptual hydrologic model is proposed to describe the flow of fluids through these rocks. Thickness of the unsaturated zone is about 500 to 750 meters and consists of three welded units interlayered with two nonwelded units. Compared to nonwelded units, welded units have low matrix porosities and permeabilities, high fracture densities, and high bulk hydraulic conductivities. The principal repository area is bounded by normal fault zones. Of the average annual precipitation of 150 millimeters per year, 0.5 to 4.5 millimeters per year becomes net infiltration. Percolation through the matrix of the welded units is principally vertical and is less than 1 millimeter per year. Percolation through nonwelded units occurs both vertically and laterally and has variable rates (0.1 to 100 millimeters per year). Fracture flow is predominant in the uppermost welded unit during intense pulses of infiltration, but is insignificant in the welded unit that forms the potential host rock. Lateral flow in the upper nonwelded unit, enhanced by existence of a capillary barrier, probably is the factor controlling the low fluxes in the host rock and relatively high fluxes in the structural features. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844345","usgsCitation":"Montazer, P., and Wilson, W., 1984, Conceptual hydrologic model of flow in the unsaturated zone, Yucca Mountain, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4345, iv, 55 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844345.","productDescription":"iv, 55 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4345/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57600,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4345/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64a9ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Montazer, P.M.","contributorId":93946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montazer","given":"P.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, W.E.","contributorId":100831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":25856,"text":"wri824114 - 1984 - Water-resources appraisal of the upper Arkansas River basin from Leadville to Pueblo, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:34","indexId":"wri824114","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-4114","title":"Water-resources appraisal of the upper Arkansas River basin from Leadville to Pueblo, Colorado","docAbstract":"Water used for agriculture and stock and municipal supplies in the upper Arkansas River basin is derived mostly from the Arkansas River and its tributaries. The flow regime of the river has been altered by increased reservoir capacities and importation of 69,200 acre-feet per year from the Colorado River drainage through transmountain diversions. An estimated 10.2 million acre-feet of hydrologically recoverable water is present in the first 200 feet of basin-fill alluvium. Well yields of 300 gallons per minute have been reported for the Dakota-Purgatoire aquifer aquifer located east of Canon City. Water quality of ground- and surface-water resources are generally acceptable for agriculture and stock watering, but concentrations of iron, manganese, sulfate, pH, and hardness may exceed recommended drinking-water criteria during periods of river low flow. Concentrations of mercury, selenium, and select radiochemical constituents also were high in the Dakota-Purgatoire aquifer. Dissolved solids increased downstream and in local areas as a result of water use and in the Leadville area because of mine drainage. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri824114","usgsCitation":"Crouch, T.M., Cain, D., Abbott, P., Penley, R., and Hurr, R., 1984, Water-resources appraisal of the upper Arkansas River basin from Leadville to Pueblo, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 82-4114, vii, 123 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri824114.","productDescription":"vii, 123 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4114/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54602,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4114/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54603,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4114/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54604,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4114/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54605,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4114/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54606,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4114/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54607,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4114/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54608,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4114/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54609,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4114/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54610,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4114/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9d1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crouch, T. M.","contributorId":106163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crouch","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cain, Doug","contributorId":101655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"Doug","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abbott, P.O.","contributorId":21154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbott","given":"P.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Penley, R.D.","contributorId":45349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Penley","given":"R.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hurr, R. T.","contributorId":20713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurr","given":"R. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":25898,"text":"wri824073 - 1984 - Runoff, sediment transport, and water quality in a northern Illinois agricultural watershed before urban development, 1979-81","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:29","indexId":"wri824073","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-4073","title":"Runoff, sediment transport, and water quality in a northern Illinois agricultural watershed before urban development, 1979-81","docAbstract":"A study designed to quantify and evaluate changes in runoff and sediment transport attributable to construction activities during urban development of a watershed required identification of pre-construction hydrologic conditions. Data collected before construction on a 2.81 sq m (7.28 sq km) agricultural watershed (upper Spring Creek) near Rockford, IL, show that during a 2-year period ending June 30, 1981, 2,890 tons (2,620 Mg) of suspended sediment were transported from the watershed. Of the 2 ,890 tons (2,620 Mg), 2,690 tons (2,440 Mg) or 93.1 % were transported during a storm in a 46.6-hour period of June 13-14, 1981. Runoff from a 0.031 sq m (0.080 sq km) subbasin (Spring Creek tributary) transported 33.9 tons (30.9 Mg) of suspended sediment during a 3.2-hour storm period on June 13, 1981. Regression models relating storm suspended-sediment yields and peak-water discharge per square mile for upper Spring Creek and Spring Creek tributary have average standard errors of 57 and 24 %, respectively. Trace amounts of currently banned pesticides, including Aldrin and DDT, were detected in streambed material samples. Documented sediment yields, chemical quality, and relations between runoff and sediment discharge provide baseline information for future evaluation of hydrologic conditions in the watershed. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri824073","usgsCitation":"Allen, H., and Gray, J.R., 1984, Runoff, sediment transport, and water quality in a northern Illinois agricultural watershed before urban development, 1979-81: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 82-4073, vii, 55 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri824073.","productDescription":"vii, 55 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4073/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54658,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4073/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5face6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, H.E. Jr.","contributorId":63054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"H.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, J. R.","contributorId":63372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29540,"text":"wri844161 - 1984 - Surface-water quantity and quality in the lower Kenai Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:56","indexId":"wri844161","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4161","title":"Surface-water quantity and quality in the lower Kenai Peninsula, Alaska","docAbstract":"New information on stream discharge and quality were collected over a 2-year period in the lower Kenai Peninsula. This new information improved understanding of the area 's surface-water hydrology. Average annual runoff ranges from 11 inches in the lowland portions of the peninsula to 100 inches in the Seldovia area. For drainage basins in the Kenai Lowland, maximum flood runoff rates range from about 10 to 82 cubic feet per second per square mile. In the Seldovia area maximum peak discharges range from about 65 to 280 cubic feet per second per square mile. Low-flow discharges are higher in the Seldovia area than on the lower peninsula. Calcium and bicarbonate ions dominate the water in streams draining the study area; the water is soft and has a low dissolved-solids content. Measured stream water temperatures range from 0 to 23 degrees Celsius in the Kenai Lowland and from 0 to 11.5 degrees Celsius in the Seldovia area. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844161","usgsCitation":"Savard, C., and Scully, D., 1984, Surface-water quantity and quality in the lower Kenai Peninsula, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4161, v, 62 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844161.","productDescription":"v, 62 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4161/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58374,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4161/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a593","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savard, C.S.","contributorId":48194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savard","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scully, D.R.","contributorId":32198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scully","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}