{"pageNumber":"527","pageRowStart":"13150","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46674,"records":[{"id":70127905,"text":"70127905 - 2014 - Evaluating a slope-stability model for shallow rain-induced landslides using gage and satellite data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-09T15:35:22","indexId":"70127905","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Evaluating a slope-stability model for shallow rain-induced landslides using gage and satellite data","docAbstract":"

Improving prediction of landslide early warning systems requires accurate estimation of the conditions that trigger slope failures. This study tested a slope-stability model for shallow rainfall-induced landslides by utilizing rainfall information from gauge and satellite records. We used the TRIGRS model (Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-based Regional Slope-stability analysis) for simulating the evolution of the factor of safety due to rainfall infiltration. Using a spatial subset of a well-characterized digital landscape from an earlier study, we considered shallow failure on a slope adjoining an urban transportation roadway near the Seattle area in Washington, USA.

We ran the TRIGRS model using high-quality rain gage and satellite-based rainfall data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Preliminary results with parameterized soil depth values suggest that the steeper slope values in this spatial domain have factor of safety values that are extremely close to the failure limit within an extremely narrow range of values, providing multiple false alarms. When the soil depths were constrained using a back analysis procedure to ensure that slopes were stable under initial condtions, the model accurately predicted the timing and location of the landslide observation without false alarms over time for gage rain data. The TRMM satellite rainfall data did not show adequately retreived rainfall peak magnitudes and accumulation over the study period, and as a result failed to predict the landslide event. These preliminary results indicate that more accurate and higher-resolution rain data (e.g., the upcoming Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission) are required to provide accurate and reliable landslide predictions in ungaged basins.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landslide science for a safer geoenvironment","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-05050-8_67","usgsCitation":"Yatheendradas, S., Kirschbaum, D., Baum, R.L., and Godt, J.W., 2014, Evaluating a slope-stability model for shallow rain-induced landslides using gage and satellite data, chap. of Landslide science for a safer geoenvironment, p. 431-436, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05050-8_67.","productDescription":"6 p. ","startPage":"431","endPage":"436","ipdsId":"IP-053433","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328468,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d3dd37e4b0571647d19a63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yatheendradas, S.","contributorId":13035,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yatheendradas","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirschbaum, D.","contributorId":41686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirschbaum","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baum, Rex L. 0000-0001-5337-1970 baum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1970","contributorId":1288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"Rex","email":"baum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70099908,"text":"ds836 - 2014 - Concentrations of selected constituents in surface-water and streambed-sediment samples collected from streams in and near an area of oil and natural-gas development, south-central Texas, 2011-13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T12:33:52","indexId":"ds836","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-28T15:50:54","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"836","title":"Concentrations of selected constituents in surface-water and streambed-sediment samples collected from streams in and near an area of oil and natural-gas development, south-central Texas, 2011-13","docAbstract":"

During 2011–13, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the San Antonio River Authority and the Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority, analyzed surface-water and streambed-sediment samples collected from 10 sites in the San Antonio River Basin to provide data for a broad range of constituents that might be associated with hydraulic fracturing and the produced waters that are a consequence of hydraulic fracturing. Among surface-water samples, all sulfide concentrations were less than the method detection limit of 0.79 milligrams per liter. Four glycols—diethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and triethylene glycol—were analyzed for in surface-water samples collected for this study, and none were detected. Of the 91 semivolatile organic compounds analyzed for this study, there were six detections, all but one of which were in storm-runoff samples. The base-flow sample collected at the San Antonio River at Goliad, Tex. (SAR Goliad), site contained bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, a plasticizer in polyvinyl chloride and a constituent in hydraulic fracturing fluids. The storm-runoff samples collected at the San Antonio River near Elmendorf, Tex. (SAR Elmendorf), and Ecleto Creek at County Road 326 near Runge, Tex. (Ecleto 2), sites also contained bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. The storm-runoff sample collected at the SAR Elmendorf site contained the plasticizer diethyl phthalate. Both storm-runoff samples collected at the Ecleto Creek near Runge, Tex. (Ecleto 1), and Ecleto 2 sites contained benzyl alcohol, a solvent commonly used in paints. Of the 67 volatile organic compounds analyzed in this study, there were a total of six detections, all of which were in base-flow samples. The surface-water sample collected at the SAR Elmendorf site contained bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and trichloromethane, all of which are disinfection byproducts associated with the chlorination of municipal water supplies and of treated municipal wastewater. The sample collected at the Cibolo Creek near Saint Hedwig, Tex. (Cibolo St. Hedwig), site contained toluene, a fuel additive, solvent, and industrial feedstock used to produce benzene and a constituent associated with produced waters. The Cibolo St. Hedwig site is upstream from current (2014) oil and natural-gas production areas. Dichloromethane, an industrial solvent with multiple uses, was detected in surface-water samples at both the San Antonio River at State Highway 72 near Runge, Tex. (SAR 72), and SAR Goliad sites.

\n

In streambed-sediment samples, concentrations of total saturated hydrocarbons (TSH) ranged from an estimated 260 micrograms per kilogram (μg/kg) in the less than (<) 2-millimeter (mm) size-fraction sample collected at the SAR Goliad site to 11,000 μg/kg in the <2-mm size-fraction sample collected at the Ecleto 1 site. TSH concentrations were greater in the <63-micrometer (μm) size-fraction samples than in the <2-mm size-fraction samples in streambed-sediment samples collected from 5 of the 9 sites. Total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were calculated as the sum of the individual PAHs and alkylated PAHs. Total PAH concentrations ranged from less than the method detection limit in the <2-mm size-fraction samples collected from multiple sites to 1,600 μg/kg in the <2-mm size-fraction sample collected from the San Antonio River near McFaddin, Tex. (SAR McFaddin), site. Total PAH concentrations were greater in the <63-μm size-fraction samples than in the <2-mm size-fraction samples at 7 of the 9 sites.

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During collection of streambed-sediment samples, additional samples from a subset of three sites (the SAR Elmendorf, SAR 72, and SAR McFaddin sites) were processed by using a 63-µm sieve on one aliquot and a 2-mm sieve on a second aliquot for PAH and n-alkane analyses. The purpose of analyzing PAHs and n-alkanes on a sample containing sand, silt, and clay versus a sample containing only silt and clay was to provide data that could be used to determine if these organic constituents had a greater affinity for silt- and clay-sized particles relative to sand-sized particles. The greater concentrations of PAHs in the <63-μm size-fraction samples at all three of these sites are consistent with a greater percentage of binding sites associated with fine-grained (<63 μm) sediment versus coarse-grained (<2 mm) sediment. The larger difference in total PAHs between the <2-mm and <63-μm size-fraction samples at the SAR Elmendorf site might be related to the large percentage of sand in the <2-mm size-fraction sample which was absent in the <63-μm size-fraction sample. In contrast, the <2-mm size-fraction sample collected from the SAR McFaddin site contained very little sand and was similar in particle-size composition to the <63-μm size-fraction sample.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds836","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Antonio River Authority and the Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority","usgsCitation":"Opsahl, S.P., and Crow, C.L., 2014, Concentrations of selected constituents in surface-water and streambed-sediment samples collected from streams in and near an area of oil and natural-gas development, south-central Texas, 2011-13 (Originally posted April 29, 2014; Version 1.1: January 28, 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 836, Report: v, 25 p.; Appendixes 1-18, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds836.","productDescription":"Report: v, 25 p.; Appendixes 1-18","numberOfPages":"35","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054353","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286793,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds836.jpg"},{"id":286792,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/836/downloads/ds836_appendixes1-18.xlsx","text":"Appendixes 1-18","size":"119 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendixes 1-18"},{"id":286791,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/836/pdf/ds836.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.20 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":286788,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/836/"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, zone 14","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"San Antonio River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98,28.667 ], [ -98,29.667 ], [ -97,29.667 ], [ -97,28.667 ], [ -98,28.667 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Originally posted April 29, 2014; Version 1.1: January 28, 2015","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5360c9e8e4b082a3ecf53dea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Opsahl, Stephen P. 0000-0002-4774-0415 sopsahl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4774-0415","contributorId":4713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Opsahl","given":"Stephen","email":"sopsahl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crow, Cassi L. 0000-0002-1279-2485 ccrow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1279-2485","contributorId":1666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crow","given":"Cassi","email":"ccrow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70103043,"text":"70103043 - 2014 - Use of main channel and two backwater habitats by larval fishes in the Detroit River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-19T09:24:27","indexId":"70103043","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-28T15:14:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of main channel and two backwater habitats by larval fishes in the Detroit River","docAbstract":"Recent investigations in the Detroit River have revealed renewed spawning activity by several important fishes, but little is known about their early life history requirements. We surveyed two main channel and two backwater areas in the lower Detroit River weekly from May to July 2007 to assess habitat use by larval fishes. Backwater areas included a soft-sediment embayment (FI) and a hard-sediment area (HIW). Main channel sites were located adjacent to each backwater area. Water temperature, velocity and clarity measurements and zooplankton samples were collected weekly. A macrophyte assessment was conducted in July. Growth and diet of larval yellow perch (Perca flavescens), bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) were used to assess habitat quality. Macrophyte diversity and percent cover were higher and velocity lower at FI than HIW. Although larval fish diversity was highest in the main channel, yellow perch and bluegill larvae only grew beyond the yolk stage at FI, where they preferentially selected copepods, while Daphnia were selected in the main channel. Round goby ate harpacticoid copepods and Daphnia and grew at similar rates in HIW and the main channel. These data indicate that FI was a valuable nursery area for yellow perch and bluegill, whereas HIW was better suited to round goby. We only assessed two backwater areas, thus a complete census of wetland areas in the Detroit River is needed to identify valuable habitats. Restoration of shallow backwater areas is essential for rehabilitating fish populations and should be a priority in the Detroit River.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2013.10.001","usgsCitation":"McDonald, E.A., McNaught, A.S., and Roseman, E., 2014, Use of main channel and two backwater habitats by larval fishes in the Detroit River: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 40, p. 69-80, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2013.10.001.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"80","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-050501","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286743,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286742,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2013.10.001"}],"country":"Canada;United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Detroit River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.21068,42.06184 ], [ -83.21068,42.357325 ], [ -82.859839,42.357325 ], [ -82.859839,42.06184 ], [ -83.21068,42.06184 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"40","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535f6a58e4b078dca33ae33c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDonald, Erik A.","contributorId":36056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McNaught, A. Scott","contributorId":23439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNaught","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roseman, Edward F.","contributorId":100334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseman","given":"Edward F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70102826,"text":"70102826 - 2014 - Depletion of eugenol residues from the skin-on fillet tissue of rainbow trout exposed to 14C-labeled eugenol","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-29T09:31:16","indexId":"70102826","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-28T13:39:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Depletion of eugenol residues from the skin-on fillet tissue of rainbow trout exposed to 14C-labeled eugenol","docAbstract":"

The U.S. is lagging in access to an approved immediate-release sedative, i.e. a compound that can be safely and effectively used to sedate fish and has no withdrawal period. AQUI-S® 20E (10% active ingredient, eugenol) is under investigation as an immediate-release sedative for freshwater finfish. Because of its investigational status, data are needed to characterize the depletion, distribution, and identity of AQUI-S® 20E residues in fillet tissue. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to uniformly ring labeled 14C-eugenol at a nominal concentration of 10 mg/L for 60 min in 18 °C water. Fish (n = 6) were sampled immediately after the exposure (0 min) then at 30, 60, 120, and 240 min. Eugenol concentrations and characterization of 14C residues in the fillet tissue were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography and flow-through liquid scintillation counting techniques. Total 14C-residue burdens in fillet tissue were determined by tissue oxidation and static liquid scintillation counting techniques.

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Maximum eugenol and 14C-eugenol equivalent residue concentrations in the fillet tissue were measured immediately after the exposure (44.5 and 38.8 μg/g, respectively). Eugenol was the primary 14C-residue (> 90% of all 14C-residues) in extracts from fillet tissue taken from fish sampled immediately after the exposure (0 min) and from fish sampled at 30 and 60 min after the exposure. The depletion of 14C-eugenol residues from the fillet tissue was rapid (t1/2 = 26.25 min) after transferring the exposed fish to fresh flowing water.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquaculture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.03.050","usgsCitation":"Meinertz, J.R., Schreier, T.M., Porcher, S.T., Smerud, J.R., and Gaikowski, M.P., 2014, Depletion of eugenol residues from the skin-on fillet tissue of rainbow trout exposed to 14C-labeled eugenol: Aquaculture, v. 430, p. 74-78, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.03.050.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"74","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"5","ipdsId":"IP-054231","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7BV7DPX","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Marker residue depletion from the skin-on fillet tissue of rainbow trout exposed to AQUI S 20E:"},{"id":286728,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286530,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.03.050"}],"volume":"430","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535f6a51e4b078dca33ae31c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meinertz, Jeffery R. 0000-0002-8855-2648 jmeinertz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8855-2648","contributorId":2495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meinertz","given":"Jeffery","email":"jmeinertz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schreier, Theresa M. 0000-0001-7722-6292 tschreier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7722-6292","contributorId":3344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreier","given":"Theresa","email":"tschreier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Porcher, Scott T. sporcher@usgs.gov","contributorId":5030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porcher","given":"Scott","email":"sporcher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smerud, Justin R. 0000-0003-4385-7437 jrsmerud@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4385-7437","contributorId":5031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smerud","given":"Justin","email":"jrsmerud@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gaikowski, Mark P. 0000-0002-6507-9341 mgaikowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6507-9341","contributorId":796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaikowski","given":"Mark","email":"mgaikowski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70100562,"text":"fs20143030 - 2014 - Streamflow of 2013: water year summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-28T10:54:13","indexId":"fs20143030","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-28T08:35:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3030","title":"Streamflow of 2013: water year summary","docAbstract":"

The maps and graphs in this summary describe streamflow conditions for water year 2013 (October 1, 2012, to September 30, 2013) in the context of the 84-year period from 1930 through 2013, unless otherwise noted. The illustrations are based on observed data from the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) National Water Information System ( http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/). The period 1930–2013 was used because, prior to 1930, the number of streamgages was too small to provide representative data for computing statistics for most regions of the country.

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\n\n

In the summary, reference is made to the term “runoff,” which is the depth to which a river basin, State, or other geographic area would be covered with water if all the streamflow within the area during a specified time period was uniformly distributed upon it. Runoff quantifies the magnitude of water flowing through the Nation’s rivers and streams in measurement units that can be compared from one area to another.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143030","usgsCitation":"Jian, X., Wolock, D.M., Lins, H.F., and Brady, S., 2014, Streamflow of 2013: water year summary: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3030, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143030.","productDescription":"8 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054561","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286710,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143030.jpg"},{"id":286525,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3030/"},{"id":286526,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3030/pdf/fs2014-3030.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173.0,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,16.916667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535f6a54e4b078dca33ae334","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jian, Xiaodong 0000-0002-9173-3482 xjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9173-3482","contributorId":1282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jian","given":"Xiaodong","email":"xjian@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lins, Harry F. 0000-0001-5385-9247 hlins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5385-9247","contributorId":1505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lins","given":"Harry","email":"hlins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brady, Steve","contributorId":108351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70094421,"text":"sir20145031 - 2014 - Assessment of dissolved-solids loading to the Colorado River in the Paradox Basin between the Dolores River and Gypsum Canyon, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-28T06:57:24","indexId":"sir20145031","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-28T06:40:26","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5031","title":"Assessment of dissolved-solids loading to the Colorado River in the Paradox Basin between the Dolores River and Gypsum Canyon, Utah","docAbstract":"Salinity loads throughout the Colorado River Basin have been a concern over recent decades due to adverse impacts on population, natural resources, and regional economics. With substantial financial resources and various reclamation projects, the salt loading to Lake Powell and associated total dissolved-solids concentrations in the Lower Colorado River Basin have been substantially reduced. The Colorado River between its confluence with the Dolores River and Lake Powell traverses a physiographic area where saline sedimentary formations and evaporite deposits are prevalent. However, the dissolved-solids loading in this area is poorly understood due to the paucity of water-quality data. From 2003 to 2011, the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation conducted four synoptic sampling events to quantify the salinity loading throughout the study reach and evaluate the occurrence and impacts of both natural and anthropogenic sources. The results from this study indicate that under late-summer base-flow conditions, dissolved-solids loading in the reach is negligible with the exception of the Green River, and that variations in calculated loads between synoptic sampling events are within measurement and analytical uncertainties. The Green River contributed approximately 22 percent of the Colorado River dissolved-solids load, based on samples collected at the lower end of the study reach. These conclusions are supported by water-quality analyses for chloride and bromide, and the results of analyses for the stable isotopes of oxygen and deuterium. Overall, no significant sources of dissolved-solids loading from tributaries or directly by groundwater discharge, with the exception of the Green River, were identified in the study area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145031","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and the Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Forum","usgsCitation":"Shope, C.L., and Gerner, S.J., 2014, Assessment of dissolved-solids loading to the Colorado River in the Paradox Basin between the Dolores River and Gypsum Canyon, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5031, vi, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145031.","productDescription":"vi, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-043986","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286678,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145031.jpg"},{"id":286667,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5031/"},{"id":286677,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5031/pdf/sir2014-5031.pdf"}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic Projection","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.25,37.45 ], [ -110.25,39.25 ], [ -108.75,39.25 ], [ -108.75,37.45 ], [ -110.25,37.45 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535f6a50e4b078dca33ae314","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shope, Christopher L. cshope@usgs.gov","contributorId":5016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shope","given":"Christopher","email":"cshope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gerner, Steven J. 0000-0002-5701-1304 sjgerner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5701-1304","contributorId":972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerner","given":"Steven","email":"sjgerner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70171006,"text":"70171006 - 2014 - A synthesis of methane emissions from 71 northern, temperate, and subtropical wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-17T10:11:45","indexId":"70171006","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-28T05:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A synthesis of methane emissions from 71 northern, temperate, and subtropical wetlands","docAbstract":"

Wetlands are the largest natural source of atmospheric methane. Here, we assess controls on methane flux using a database of approximately 19 000 instantaneous measurements from 71 wetland sites located across subtropical, temperate, and northern high latitude regions. Our analyses confirm general controls on wetland methane emissions from soil temperature, water table, and vegetation, but also show that these relationships are modified depending on wetland type (bog, fen, or swamp), region (subarctic to temperate), and disturbance. Fen methane flux was more sensitive to vegetation and less sensitive to temperature than bog or swamp fluxes. The optimal water table for methane flux was consistently below the peat surface in bogs, close to the peat surface in poor fens, and above the peat surface in rich fens. However, the largest flux in bogs occurred when dry 30-day averaged antecedent conditions were followed by wet conditions, while in fens and swamps, the largest flux occurred when both 30-day averaged antecedent and current conditions were wet. Drained wetlands exhibited distinct characteristics, e.g. the absence of large flux following wet and warm conditions, suggesting that the same functional relationships between methane flux and environmental conditions cannot be used across pristine and disturbed wetlands. Together, our results suggest that water table and temperature are dominant controls on methane flux in pristine bogs and swamps, while other processes, such as vascular transport in pristine fens, have the potential to partially override the effect of these controls in other wetland types. Because wetland types vary in methane emissions and have distinct controls, these ecosystems need to be considered separately to yield reliable estimates of global wetland methane release.

","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Science","doi":"10.1111/gcb.12580","usgsCitation":"Turetsky, M.R., Kotowska, A., Bubier, J., Dise, N.B., Crill, P., Hornibrook, E.R., Minkkinen, K., Moore, T.R., Myers-Smith, I.H., Nykanen, H., Olefeldt, D., Rinne, J., Saarnio, S., Shurpali, N., Tuittila, E., Waddington, J.M., White, J.R., Wickland, K.P., and Wilmking, M., 2014, A synthesis of methane emissions from 71 northern, temperate, and subtropical wetlands: Global Change Biology, v. 20, no. 7, p. 2183-2197, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12580.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2183","endPage":"2197","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056048","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321282,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d6434e4b07e28b668343d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turetsky, Merritt R.","contributorId":169398,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turetsky","given":"Merritt","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12660,"text":"University of Guelph","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kotowska, Agnieszka","contributorId":169399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kotowska","given":"Agnieszka","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12660,"text":"University of Guelph","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bubier, Jill","contributorId":169400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bubier","given":"Jill","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25495,"text":"Mount Holyoke College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dise, Nancy B.","contributorId":169401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dise","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":25496,"text":"Manchester Metropolitan University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crill, Patrick","contributorId":169402,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crill","given":"Patrick","affiliations":[{"id":24562,"text":"Stockholm University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hornibrook, Ed R.C.","contributorId":169403,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hornibrook","given":"Ed","email":"","middleInitial":"R.C.","affiliations":[{"id":7172,"text":"University of Bristol, U.K. and University of Oregon, Eugene","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Minkkinen, Kari","contributorId":169404,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Minkkinen","given":"Kari","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18162,"text":"University of Helsinki","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Moore, Tim R.","contributorId":169405,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"Tim","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6646,"text":"McGill University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Myers-Smith, Isla H. 0000-0002-8417-6112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8417-6112","contributorId":169406,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Myers-Smith","given":"Isla","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":25497,"text":"University of Edinburgh","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Nykanen, Hannu","contributorId":169407,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nykanen","given":"Hannu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25498,"text":"University of Jyvaskyla","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Olefeldt, David","contributorId":169408,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olefeldt","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":32365,"text":"Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Rinne, Janne 0000-0003-1168-7138","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1168-7138","contributorId":169409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rinne","given":"Janne","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25500,"text":"University of Helsinik","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Saarnio, Sanna","contributorId":169410,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saarnio","given":"Sanna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25501,"text":"University of Eastern Finland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Shurpali, Narasinha 0000-0003-1052-4396","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1052-4396","contributorId":169411,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shurpali","given":"Narasinha","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25501,"text":"University of Eastern Finland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina 0000-0001-8861-3167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8861-3167","contributorId":169412,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tuittila","given":"Eeva-Stiina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25501,"text":"University of Eastern Finland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Waddington, J. Michael","contributorId":169413,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waddington","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":25502,"text":"McMaster University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"White, Jeffrey R.","contributorId":169414,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12645,"text":"Indiana University - Northwest","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Wickland, Kimberly P. 0000-0002-6400-0590 kpwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-0590","contributorId":1835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickland","given":"Kimberly","email":"kpwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Wilmking, Martin","contributorId":169415,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilmking","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25503,"text":"University Greifswald","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}} ,{"id":70101775,"text":"sir20145068 - 2014 - Characterization of the structure, clean-sand percentage, dissolved-solids concentrations, and estimated quantity of groundwater in the Upper Cretaceous Nacatoch Sand and Tokio Formation, Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-25T14:36:37","indexId":"sir20145068","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-25T14:32:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5068","title":"Characterization of the structure, clean-sand percentage, dissolved-solids concentrations, and estimated quantity of groundwater in the Upper Cretaceous Nacatoch Sand and Tokio Formation, Arkansas","docAbstract":"The West Gulf Coastal Plain, Mississippi embayment, and underlying Cretaceous aquifers are rich in water resources; however, large parts of the aquifers are largely unusable because of large concentrations of dissolved solids. Cretaceous aquifers are known to have large concentrations of salinity in some parts of Arkansas. The Nacatoch Sand and the Tokio Formation of Upper Cretaceous age were chosen for investigation because these aquifers produce groundwater to wells near their outcrops and have large salinity concentrations away from their outcrop areas. Previous investigations have indicated that dissolved-solids concentrations of groundwater within the Nacatoch Sand, 2–20 miles downdip from the outcrop, render the groundwater as unusable for purposes requiring freshwater. Groundwater within the Tokio Formation also exhibits large concentrations of dissolved solids downdip. Water-quality data showing elevated dissolved-solids concentrations are limited for these Cretaceous aquifers because other shallower aquifers are used for water supply. Although not suitable for many uses, large, unused amounts of saline groundwater are present in these aquifers. Historical borehole geophysical logs were used to determine the geologic and hydrogeologic properties of these Cretaceous aquifers, as well as the quality of the groundwater within the aquifers. Based on the interpretation of borehole geophysical logs, in Arkansas, the altitude of the top of the Nacatoch Sand ranges from more than 200 to less than -4,000 feet; the structural high occurs in the outcrop area and the structural low occurs in southeastern Arkansas near the Desha Basin structural feature. The thickness of the Nacatoch Sand ranges from 0 to over 550 feet. The minimum thickness occurs where the formation pinches out in the outcrop area, and the maximum thickness occurs in the southwestern corner of Arkansas. Other areas of large thickness include the area of the Desha Basin structural feature in southeastern Arkansas and in an area on the border of Cross and St. Francis Counties in eastern Arkansas. The clean-sand percentage of the total Nacatoch Sand thickness ranges from less than 20 percent to more than 60 percent and generally decreases downdip. The Nacatoch Sand contains more than 120.5 million acre-feet of water with a dissolved-solids concentration between 1,000 and 10,000 milligrams per liter (mg/L), more than 57.5 million acre-feet of water with a dissolved-solids concentration between 10,000 and 35,000 mg/L, and more than 122.5 million acre-feet of water with a dissolved-solids concentration more than 35,000 mg/L. The altitude of the top of the Tokio Formation, in Arkansas, ranges from more than 200 feet to less than -4,400 feet; the structural high occurs in the outcrop area and the structural low occurs in southeastern Arkansas near the Desha Basin structural feature. The thickness of the Tokio Formation, in Arkansas, ranges from 0 to over 400 feet. The minimum thickness occurs where the formation pinches out in the outcrop area, and the maximum thickness occurs in the southwestern corner of Arkansas. The clean-sand percentage of the total Tokio Formation thickness ranges from less than 20 percent to more than 60 percent and generally decreases away from the outcrop area. The Tokio Formation contains more than 2.5 million acre-feet of water with a dissolved-solids concentration between 1,000 and 10,000 mg/L, more than 12.5 million acre-feet of water with a dissolved-solids concentration between 10,000 and 35,000 mg/L, and nearly 43.5 million acre-feet of water with a dissolved-solids concentration more than 35,000 mg/L.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145068","usgsCitation":"Gillip, J.A., 2014, Characterization of the structure, clean-sand percentage, dissolved-solids concentrations, and estimated quantity of groundwater in the Upper Cretaceous Nacatoch Sand and Tokio Formation, Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5068, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145068.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055552","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286666,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145068.jpg"},{"id":286665,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5068/pdf/sir2014-5068.pdf"},{"id":286659,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5068/"}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator Projection, Zone 15N","country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Nacatoch Sand And Tokio Formation","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.0,34.0 ], [ -94.0,36.0 ], [ -90.0,36.0 ], [ -90.0,34.0 ], [ -94.0,34.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535b67b7e4b0519b31c21948","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gillip, Jonathan A. jgillip@usgs.gov","contributorId":3222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillip","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgillip@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70102455,"text":"fs20143041 - 2014 - The 3D Elevation Program: summary for New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T15:40:50","indexId":"fs20143041","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-25T14:23:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3041","title":"The 3D Elevation Program: summary for New Mexico","docAbstract":"

Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. For the State of New Mexico, elevation data are critical for infrastructure and construction management, natural resources conservation, flood risk management, agriculture and precision farming, geologic resource assessment and hazard mitigation, forest resources management, and other business uses. Today, high-density light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the primary sources for deriving elevation models and other datasets. Federal, State, Tribal, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data that are older and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of State and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data.

\n

The National Enhanced Elevation Assessment evaluated multiple elevation data acquisition options to determine the optimal data quality and data replacement cycle relative to cost to meet the identified requirements of the user community. The evaluation demonstrated that lidar acquisition at quality level 2 (table 1) for the conterminous United States and quality level 5 ifsar data (table 1) for Alaska with a 6- to 10-year acquisition cycle provided the highest benefit/cost ratios.The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative selected an 8-year acquisition cycle for the respective quality levels. 3DEP, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Office of Management and Budget Circular A–16 lead agency for terrestrial elevation data, responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other 3D representations of the Nation’s natural and constructed features.

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Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70100344,"text":"ofr20141067 - 2014 - Multi-elemental analysis of aqueous geological samples by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-25T14:21:10","indexId":"ofr20141067","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-25T14:12:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1067","title":"Multi-elemental analysis of aqueous geological samples by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry","docAbstract":"Typically, 27 major, minor, and trace elements are determined in natural waters, acid mine drainage, extraction fluids, and leachates of geological and environmental samples by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). At the discretion of the analyst, additional elements may be determined after suitable method modifications and performance data are established. Samples are preserved in 1–2 percent nitric acid (HNO3) at sample collection or as soon as possible after collection. The aqueous samples are aspirated into the ICP-OES discharge, where the elemental emission signals are measured simultaneously for 27 elements. Calibration is performed with a series of matrix-matched, multi-element solution standards.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141067","usgsCitation":"Todorov, T., Wolf, R.E., and Adams, M., 2014, Multi-elemental analysis of aqueous geological samples by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1067, iii, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141067.","productDescription":"iii, 21 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-038299","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286660,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141067.jpg"},{"id":286658,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1067/"},{"id":286661,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1067/pdf/ofr2014-1067.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,18.9 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -66.9,71.4 ], [ -66.9,18.9 ], [ 172.5,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535b6863e4b0519b31c21cb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Todorov, Todor I.","contributorId":39621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todorov","given":"Todor I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolf, Ruth E. rwolf@usgs.gov","contributorId":903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"Ruth","email":"rwolf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, Monique madams@usgs.gov","contributorId":1231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Monique","email":"madams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70099264,"text":"ofr20141062 - 2014 - Groundwater and surface-water resources in the Bureau of Land Management Moab Master Leasing Plan area and adjacent areas, Grand and San Juan Counties, Utah, and Mesa and Montrose Counties, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T15:21:16","indexId":"ofr20141062","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-25T13:27:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1062","title":"Groundwater and surface-water resources in the Bureau of Land Management Moab Master Leasing Plan area and adjacent areas, Grand and San Juan Counties, Utah, and Mesa and Montrose Counties, Colorado","docAbstract":"

The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Canyon Country District Office is preparing a leasing plan known as the Moab Master Leasing Plan (Moab MLP) for oil, gas, and potash mineral rights in an area encompassing 946,469 acres in southeastern Utah. The BLM has identified water resources as being potentially affected by oil, gas, and potash development and has requested that the U.S. Geological Survey prepare a summary of existing water-resources information for the Moab MLP area. This report includes a summary and synthesis of previous and ongoing investigations conducted in the Moab MLP and adjacent areas in Utah and Colorado from the early 1930s through the late 2000s.

Eight principal aquifers and six confining units were identified within the study area. Permeability is a function of both the primary permeability from interstitial pore connectivity and secondary permeability created by karst features or faults and fractures. Vertical hydraulic connection generally is restricted to strongly folded and fractured zones, which are concentrated along steeply dipping monoclines and in narrow regions encompassing igneous and salt intrusive masses. Several studies have identified both an upper and lower aquifer system separated by the Pennsylvanian age Paradox Member of the Hermosa Formation evaporite, which is considered a confining unit and is present throughout large parts of the study area.

Surface-water resources of the study area are dominated by the Colorado River. Several perennial and ephemeral or intermittent tributaries join the Colorado River as it flows from northeast to southwest across the study area. An annual spring snowmelt and runoff event dominates the hydrology of streams draining mountainous parts of the study area, and most perennial streams in the study area are snowmelt-dominated. A bimodal distribution is observed in hydrographs from some sites with a late-spring snowmelt-runoff peak followed by smaller peaks of shorter duration during the late summer. The large regional streams (Colorado, Green, and Dolores Rivers) integrate the regional hydrologic partitioning of a very large contributing area and, therefore, the hydrographs for these streams are much more smooth and consistent. Several streams throughout the study area are considered impaired and do not meet the standards set by the Environmental Protection Agency for specific designated-use classifications.

Limited data are available to quantitatively estimate the large-scale regional groundwater budget for the study area. Previous studies have estimated groundwater budgets for areas in and adjacent to the current study area, namely Moab-Spanish Valley and parts of the Paradox Basin. Most groundwater recharge to the study area originates as infiltration of precipitation from upland areas and is further enhanced in areas covered with sandy soils or in areas where the bedrock is highly fractured. Additional groundwater recharge occurs as seepage from streams and irrigation water, and as subsurface inflow, both vertically between aquifers and as lateral movement into the study area. Groundwater discharge occurs as seepage to streams, evapotranspiration, to springs and seeps, well withdrawals; and as subsurface outflow, both vertically between aquifers and as lateral movement out of the study area across its defined boundaries. Groundwater use in the study area was determined using data from the Utah Division of Water Rights. Most wells in the study area are categorized as having multiple uses.

Mean specific-conductance values for groundwater from wells and springs in the study area range from 101 to 220,000 microsiemens per centimeter at 25° C (μS/cm); most of the wells or springs have mean specific-conductance values of less than or equal to 1,000 μS/cm. Previously reported total dissolved-solids concentrations, specific conductances, and other groundwater-quality data for each of the principal aquifers indicate relative freshwater throughout the study area, except within the lower aquifer system and areas in contact with the Paradox Member of the Hermosa Formation evaporites.

There is limited information on the resource availability of brines and saline groundwater in the study area. Total dissolved-solids concentrations typically are high (greater than 35,000 milligrams per liter) in groundwater from, or in contact with, the Paradox Member of the Hermosa Formation. Total dissolved-solids concentrations also are high in groundwater samples collected from the lower aquifer system. Because the Paradox Member of the Hermosa Formation is considered a barrier to vertical groundwater flow, most of the brine and saline groundwater resources are restricted to the lower aquifer system.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141062","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Masbruch, M.D., and Shope, C.L., 2014, Groundwater and surface-water resources in the Bureau of Land Management Moab Master Leasing Plan area and adjacent areas, Grand and San Juan Counties, Utah, and Mesa and Montrose Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1062, vi, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141062.","productDescription":"vi, 85 p.","numberOfPages":"96","ipdsId":"IP-049251","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286539,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141062.jpg"},{"id":286529,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1062/"},{"id":286538,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1062/pdf/ofr2014-1062.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah","county":"Grand County, Mesa County, Montrose County, San Juan County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.16,37.66 ], [ -110.16,39.5 ], [ -108.5,39.5 ], [ -108.5,37.66 ], [ -110.16,37.66 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535b681ee4b0519b31c21b5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masbruch, Melissa D. 0000-0001-6568-160X mmasbruch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6568-160X","contributorId":1902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masbruch","given":"Melissa","email":"mmasbruch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shope, Christopher L. cshope@usgs.gov","contributorId":5016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shope","given":"Christopher","email":"cshope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175415,"text":"70175415 - 2014 - Shear velocity criterion for incipient motion of sediment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T09:43:59","indexId":"70175415","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-25T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5167,"text":"Water Science and Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shear velocity criterion for incipient motion of sediment","docAbstract":"

The prediction of incipient motion has had great importance to the theory of sediment transport. The most commonly used methods are based on the concept of critical shear stress and employ an approach similar, or identical, to the Shields diagram. An alternative method that uses the movability number, defined as the ratio of the shear velocity to the particle’s settling velocity, was employed in this study. A large amount of experimental data were used to develop an empirical incipient motion criterion based on the movability number. It is shown that this approach can provide a simple and accurate method of computing the threshold condition for sediment motion.

","language":"English","publisher":"Hohai University, Nanjing","publisherLocation":"Nanjing, China","doi":"10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2014.02.006","usgsCitation":"Simoes, F.J., 2014, Shear velocity criterion for incipient motion of sediment: Water Science and Engineering, v. 7, no. 2, p. 183-193, https://doi.org/10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2014.02.006.","startPage":"183","endPage":"193","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-012888","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326336,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ac50e3e4b0d1835674b2cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simoes, Francisco J. 0000-0002-0934-9730 frsimoes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-9730","contributorId":2019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simoes","given":"Francisco","email":"frsimoes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":645117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70058576,"text":"sir20135144 - 2014 - Water quality and sources of fecal coliform bacteria in the Meduxnekeag River, Houlton, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-24T09:39:06","indexId":"sir20135144","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-25T10:29:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5144","title":"Water quality and sources of fecal coliform bacteria in the Meduxnekeag River, Houlton, Maine","docAbstract":"

In response to bacterial contamination in the Meduxnekeag River and the desire to manage the watershed to reduce contaminant sources, the Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians (HBMI) and the U.S. Geological Survey began a cooperative effort to establish a baseline of water-quality data that can be used in future studies and to indicate potential sources of nutrient and bacterial contamination. This study was conducted during the summer of 2005 in the Meduxnekeag River Basin near Houlton, Maine. Continuously recorded specific conductance can be a good indicator for water quality. Specific conductance increased downstream from the town of Houlton, between runoff events, and decreased sharply following major runoff events. Collections of discrete samples during the summer of 2005 indicated seasonal positive concentration-discharge relations for total phosphorus and total nitrogen; these results indicate that storm runoff may mobilize and transport these nutrients from the terrestrial environment to the river. Data collected by the HBMI on fecal coliform bacteria indicated that bacterial contamination enters the Meduxnekeag River from multiple paths including tributaries and surface drains (ditches) in developed areas in Houlton, Maine. The Houlton wastewater treatment discharge was not an important source of bacterial contamination.

\n
\n

Bacteroidales-based tests for general fecal contamination (Bac32 marker) were predominantly positive in samples that had excessive fecal contamination as indicated by Enterococci density greater than 104 colony-forming units per 100 millilters. Of the 22 samples tested for Bacteroidales-based markers of human-associated fecal contamination (HF134 and HF183), 8 were positive. Of the 22 samples tested for Bacteroidales-based markers of ruminant-associated fecal contamination (CF128 and CF193), 7 were positive. Human fecal contamination was detected consistently at two sites (surface drains in urban areas in the town of Houlton) and occasionally detected at one site (Moose Brook) but was not detected at other sites. Fecal contamination (as indicated by fecal coliform density) apparently is localized under normal flow conditions with the highest levels restricted to drains in urban areas and to a lesser extent B Stream, Pearce Brook, and Big Brook, all tributaries to the main stem of the Meduxnekeag River. Coliphage were enumerated as an alternate indicator of fecal contamination with the intent of typing the virus into host-associated classes (human or ruminant), as was done for Enterococci; however, insufficient coliphage were isolated to provide more than preliminary indications. In spite of low coliphage enumeration, the preliminary results strengthen the conclusion that the Enterococci data correctly indicated the samples that contained human and ruminant fecal contamination. The finding that contamination was in many of the tributaries following storms in mid-July indicates that storm runoff likely carries fecal contaminants to more locations than runoff under lower flow conditions.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135144","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians","usgsCitation":"Culbertson, C.W., Huntington, T.G., Stoeckel, D.M., Caldwell, J.M., and O’Donnell, C., 2014, Water quality and sources of fecal coliform bacteria in the Meduxnekeag River, Houlton, Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5144, viii, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135144.","productDescription":"viii, 31 p.","numberOfPages":"39","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-004144","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286635,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135144.jpg"},{"id":286629,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5144/pdf/sir2013-5144.pdf"},{"id":286640,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5144/"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection Zone 19","country":"United States","state":"Maine","city":"Houlton","otherGeospatial":"Meduxnekeag River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -67.875,46.125 ], [ -67.875,46.208333 ], [ -67.791667,46.208333 ], [ -67.791667,46.125 ], [ -67.875,46.125 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535b692ae4b0519b31c2208d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Culbertson, Charles W. cculbert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culbertson","given":"Charles","email":"cculbert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":117440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stoeckel, Donald M.","contributorId":78384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoeckel","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caldwell, James M. 0000-0001-5880-443X jmcald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5880-443X","contributorId":1882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"James","email":"jmcald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O’Donnell, Cara","contributorId":79800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Cara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70102838,"text":"70102838 - 2014 - Scaling coastal dune elevation changes across storm-impact regimes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-16T16:27:35","indexId":"70102838","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-25T10:23:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scaling coastal dune elevation changes across storm-impact regimes","docAbstract":"Extreme storms drive change in coastal areas, including destruction of dune systems that protect coastal populations. Data from four extreme storms impacting four geomorphically diverse barrier islands are used to quantify dune elevation change. This change is compared to storm characteristics to identify variability in dune response, improve understanding of morphological interactions, and provide estimates of scaling parameters applicable for future prediction. Locations where total water levels did not exceed the dune crest experienced elevation change of less than 10%. Regions where wave-induced water levels exceeded the dune crest exhibited a positive linear relationship between the height of water over the dune and the dune elevation change. In contrast, a negative relationship was observed when surge exceeded the dune crest. Results indicate that maximum dune elevation, and therefore future vulnerability, may be more impacted from lower total water levels where waves drive sediment over the dune rather than surge-dominated flooding events.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014GL059616","usgsCitation":"Long, J.W., de Bakker, A.T., and Plant, N.G., 2014, Scaling coastal dune elevation changes across storm-impact regimes: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 41, no. 8, p. 2899-2906, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL059616.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2899","endPage":"2906","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-054799","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gl059616","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":286630,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286542,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014GL059616"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -99.23,23.95 ], [ -99.23,36.6 ], [ -74.93,36.6 ], [ -74.93,23.95 ], [ -99.23,23.95 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"41","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535b68b7e4b0519b31c21e29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Joseph W. 0000-0003-2912-1992 jwlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2912-1992","contributorId":3303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Joseph","email":"jwlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"de Bakker, Anouk T. M.","contributorId":43276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"de Bakker","given":"Anouk","email":"","middleInitial":"T. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel G. 0000-0002-5703-5672 nplant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":3503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nplant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70102221,"text":"ofr20141078 - 2014 - Use of satellite imagery to identify vegetation cover changes following the Waldo Canyon Fire event, Colorado, 2012-2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-28T09:22:06","indexId":"ofr20141078","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-25T10:14:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1078","title":"Use of satellite imagery to identify vegetation cover changes following the Waldo Canyon Fire event, Colorado, 2012-2013","docAbstract":"

The Waldo Canyon Fire of 2012 was one of the most destructive wildfire events in Colorado history. The fire burned a total of 18,247 acres, claimed 2 lives, and destroyed 347 homes. The Waldo Canyon Fire continues to pose challenges to nearby communities. In a preliminary emergency assessment conducted in 2012, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) concluded that drainage basins within and near the area affected by the Waldo Canyon Fire pose a risk for future debris flow events. Rainfall over burned, formerly vegetated surfaces resulted in multiple flood and debris flow events that affected the cities of Colorado Springs and Manitou Springs in 2013. One fatality resulted from a mudslide near Manitou Springs in August 2013. Federal, State, and local governments continue to monitor these hazards and other post-fire effects, along with the region’s ecological recovery.

\n
\n

At the request of the Colorado Springs Office of Emergency Management, the USGS Special Applications Science Center developed a geospatial product to identify vegetation cover changes following the 2012 Waldo Canyon Fire event. Vegetation cover was derived from July 2012 WorldView-2 and September 2013 QuickBird multispectral imagery at a spatial resolution of two meters. The 2012 image was collected after the fire had reached its maximum extent. Per-pixel increases and decreases in vegetation cover were identified by measuring spectral changes that occurred between the 2012 and 2013 image dates. A Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Green-Near Infrared Index (GRNIR) were computed from each image. These spectral indices are commonly used to characterize vegetation cover and health condition, due to their sensitivity to detect foliar chlorophyll content. Vector polygons identifying surface-cover feature boundaries were derived from the 2013 imagery using image segmentation software. This geographic software groups similar image pixels into vector objects based upon their spatial and spectral characteristics. The vector dataset was then populated with the per-pixel spectral change information to provide an estimated percentage of vegetation increase or decrease of pixels within each polygon. Information collected during a field visit to the Waldo Canyon burn scar in September 2013 was used to help validate this assessment (see photographs 1-3). The numbers on the satellite images correspond to the location of the photographs.

\n
\n

For display purposes, the polygons shown on the map represent areas where significant decrease or increase in vegetation cover occurred. Only polygons that held a 70 percent or greater cover change are shown on this map (a GIS dataset with complete information is available upon request). A significant increase in vegetation cover was found in the burned area. This increase is likely due to the growth of grasses and other herbaceous vegetation. Minimal vegetation cover decrease was detected at this threshold. This product is meant to provide a broad survey of post-fire vegetation trends within the Waldo Canyon burned area to Federal, State, and local officials. It is not designed to quantify species-level vegetation change at this time.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141078","usgsCitation":"Cole, C.J., Friesen, B.A., and Wilson, E.M., 2014, Use of satellite imagery to identify vegetation cover changes following the Waldo Canyon Fire event, Colorado, 2012-2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1078, Map: 48.17 inches x 28.71 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141078.","productDescription":"Map: 48.17 inches x 28.71 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054151","costCenters":[{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286626,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141078.jpg"},{"id":286620,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1078/"},{"id":286621,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1078/pdf/ofr2014-1078.pdf"}],"scale":"25000","projection":"UTM projection, Zone 13N","datum":"WGS84","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Waldo Canyon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.966667,38.900000 ], [ -104.966667,38.966667 ], [ -104.866667,38.966667 ], [ -104.866667,38.900000 ], [ -104.966667,38.900000 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535b6910e4b0519b31c22058","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, Christopher J. cjcole@usgs.gov","contributorId":2163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Christopher","email":"cjcole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friesen, Beverly A. bafriesen@usgs.gov","contributorId":3216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friesen","given":"Beverly","email":"bafriesen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, Earl M. emwilson@usgs.gov","contributorId":4124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Earl","email":"emwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70102888,"text":"70102888 - 2014 - Utilizing dimensional analysis with observed data to determine the significance of hydrodynamic solutions in coastal hydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-25T09:34:03","indexId":"70102888","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-25T09:12:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1310,"text":"Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Utilizing dimensional analysis with observed data to determine the significance of hydrodynamic solutions in coastal hydrology","docAbstract":"In this paper, the authors present an analysis of the magnitude of the temporal and spatial acceleration (inertial) terms in the surface-water flow equations and determine the conditions under which these inertial terms have sufficient magnitude to be required in the computations. Data from two South Florida field sites are examined and the relative magnitudes of temporal acceleration, spatial acceleration, and the gravity and friction terms are compared. Parameters are derived by using dimensionless numbers and applied to quantify the significance of the hydrodynamic effects. The time series of the ratio of the inertial and gravity terms from field sites are presented and compared with both a simplified indicator parameter and a more complex parameter called the Hydrodynamic Significance Number (HSN). Two test-case models were developed by using the SWIFT2D hydrodynamic simulator to examine flow behavior with and without the inertial terms and compute the HSN. The first model represented one of the previously-mentioned field sites during gate operations of a structure-managed coastal canal. The second model was a synthetic test case illustrating the drainage of water down a sloped surface from an initial stage while under constant flow. The analyses indicate that the times of substantial hydrodynamic effects are sporadic but significant. The simplified indicator parameter correlates much better with the hydrodynamic effect magnitude for a constant width channel such as Miami Canal than at the non-uniform North River. Higher HSN values indicate flow situations where the inertial terms are large and need to be taken into account.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Scientific Research Publishing Inc.","doi":"10.4236/cweee.2014.32008","usgsCitation":"Swain, E.D., Decker, J.D., and Hughes, J.D., 2014, Utilizing dimensional analysis with observed data to determine the significance of hydrodynamic solutions in coastal hydrology: Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering, v. 3, no. 2, p. 57-77, https://doi.org/10.4236/cweee.2014.32008.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"77","numberOfPages":"21","ipdsId":"IP-052944","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/cweee.2014.32008","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":286594,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286570,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4236/cweee.2014.32008"},{"id":286591,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=45365"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Miami Canal;North River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.4993,24.9985 ], [ -81.4993,26.0667 ], [ -79.9915,26.0667 ], [ -79.9915,24.9985 ], [ -81.4993,24.9985 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535b6927e4b0519b31c22071","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swain, Eric D. 0000-0001-7168-708X edswain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":1538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Eric","email":"edswain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Decker, Jeremy D. 0000-0002-0700-515X jdecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0700-515X","contributorId":514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Decker","given":"Jeremy","email":"jdecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hughes, Joseph D. 0000-0003-1311-2354 jdhughes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1311-2354","contributorId":2492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Joseph","email":"jdhughes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70073843,"text":"sir20135218 - 2014 - Assessment of the quality of groundwater and the Little Wind River in the area of a former uranium processing facility on the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming, 1987 through 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-25T09:09:57","indexId":"sir20135218","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-25T08:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5218","title":"Assessment of the quality of groundwater and the Little Wind River in the area of a former uranium processing facility on the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming, 1987 through 2010","docAbstract":"In 2010, the U.S Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Wind River Environmental Quality Commission (WREQC), began an assessment of the effectiveness of the existing monitoring network at the Riverton, Wyoming, Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA) site. The USGS used existing data supplied by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The study was to determine (1) seasonal variations in the direction of groundwater flow in the area of the former uranium processing facility toward the Little Wind River, (2) the extent of contaminated groundwater among the aquifers and between the aquifers and the Little Wind River, (3) whether current monitoring is adequate to establish the effectiveness of natural attenuation for the contaminants of concern, and (4) the influence of groundwater discharged from the sulfuric-acid plant on water quality in the Little Wind River.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135218","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Wind River Environmental Quality Commission","usgsCitation":"Ranalli, A.J., and Naftz, D.L., 2014, Assessment of the quality of groundwater and the Little Wind River in the area of a former uranium processing facility on the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming, 1987 through 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5218, viii, 104 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135218.","productDescription":"viii, 104 p.","numberOfPages":"115","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-046031","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286590,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135218.jpg"},{"id":286548,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5218/"},{"id":286589,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5218/pdf/sir2013-5218.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","city":"Riverton","otherGeospatial":"Little Wind River;Wind River Reservation","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.9954,42.033 ], [ -108.9954,43.6003 ], [ -107.2815,43.6003 ], [ -107.2815,42.033 ], [ -108.9954,42.033 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535b67ade4b0519b31c218f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ranalli, Anthony J. tranalli@usgs.gov","contributorId":1195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ranalli","given":"Anthony","email":"tranalli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":489131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Naftz, David L. 0000-0003-1130-6892 dlnaftz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1130-6892","contributorId":1041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"David","email":"dlnaftz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70094152,"text":"sim3286 - 2014 - Bathymetry of the waters surrounding the Elizabeth Islands, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T18:30:17","indexId":"sim3286","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-24T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3286","title":"Bathymetry of the waters surrounding the Elizabeth Islands, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"

The Elizabeth Islands in Massachusetts that separate Vineyard Sound from Buzzards Bay are the remnants of a moraine (unconsolidated glacial sediment deposited at an ice sheet margin; Oldale and O’Hara, 1984). The most recent glacial ice retreat in this region occurred between 25,000 and 20,000 years ago, and the subsequent rise in sea level that followed deglaciation caused differences in the seafloor character between Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound. The relatively rough seafloor of Vineyard Sound reflects widespread exposure of glacial material. Shoals mark the location of recessional ice contact material, and deep channels illustrate where meltwater drainage incised glacial deposits. Following ice retreat from the Elizabeth Islands, a glacial lake formed across the mouth of Buzzards Bay, when the lake drained, it scoured two deep channels at the southern end of the bay.

\n
\n

Sea level rise began to inundate Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay about 8,000 years ago and continues to modify the modern seafloor (Robb and Oldale, 1977). Fine-grained marine and estuarine sediments were deposited in the partially protected setting of Buzzards Bay. These deposits, up to 10 meters in thickness, buried the high-relief glacial landscape and created the generally smooth modern seafloor. In contrast, the Vineyard Sound of today experiences strong tidal currents, which largely prevent the deposition of fine-grained material and constantly rework the glacial sand and gravel within shoals. The seafloor of the sound largely reflects the contours of the ancient glaciated landscape that existed before sea level began to rise.

\n
\n

The bathymetric data used to create the hillshaded relief image of the seafloor were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management and supplemented with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration hydrographic survey data. The map shows the detailed bathymetry of Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound with depth soundings shown on a 5-meter-per-pixel grid. Depths are coded by color where the deepest areas are in blue and the shallowest areas are in orange. The aerial photography for the Elizabeth Islands and Massachusetts mainland were obtained from the Massachusetts Office of Geographic Information.

\n
\n

Data collected during this statewide cooperative project have been released in a series of USGS open-file reports. These publications and information regarding geologic mapping in Massachusetts can be obtained from the Coastal and Marine Geology Program’s Web site (http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/coastal_mass/).

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3286","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management","usgsCitation":"Pendleton, E., Andrews, B., Ackerman, S.D., and Twichell, D., 2014, Bathymetry of the waters surrounding the Elizabeth Islands, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3286, Map: 12.0 inches x 36.0 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3286.","productDescription":"Map: 12.0 inches x 36.0 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051077","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286544,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3286.jpg"},{"id":286541,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3286/pdf/sim3286.pdf"},{"id":286543,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3286/"}],"scale":"72000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, zone 19N","datum":"World Geodetic System 1984","country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Elizabeth Islands","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -70.666667,41.333333 ], [ -70.666667,41.583333 ], [ -70.583333,41.583333 ], [ -70.583333,41.333333 ], [ -70.666667,41.333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535a244fe4b0d08644962727","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pendleton, Elizabeth A. ependleton@usgs.gov","contributorId":2863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"Elizabeth A.","email":"ependleton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, Brian D. bandrews@usgs.gov","contributorId":2132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Brian D.","email":"bandrews@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ackerman, Seth D. 0000-0003-0945-2794 sackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0945-2794","contributorId":178676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Seth","email":"sackerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Twichell, Dave","contributorId":23421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"Dave","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70102825,"text":"70102825 - 2014 - Placing prairie pothole wetlands along spatial and temporal continua to improve integration of wetland function in ecological investigations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-23T10:50:54","indexId":"70102825","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-24T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Placing prairie pothole wetlands along spatial and temporal continua to improve integration of wetland function in ecological investigations","docAbstract":"We evaluated the efficacy of using chemical characteristics to rank wetland relation to surface and groundwater along a hydrologic continuum ranging from groundwater recharge to groundwater discharge. We used 27 years (1974–2002) of water chemistry data from 15 prairie pothole wetlands and known hydrologic connections of these wetlands to groundwater to evaluate spatial and temporal patterns in chemical characteristics that correspond to the unique ecosystem functions each wetland performed. Due to the mineral content and the low permeability rate of glacial till and soils, salinity of wetland waters increased along a continuum of wetland relation to groundwater recharge, flow-through or discharge. Mean inter-annual specific conductance (a proxy for salinity) increased along this continuum from wetlands that recharge groundwater being fresh to wetlands that receive groundwater discharge being the most saline, and wetlands that both recharge and discharge to groundwater (i.e., groundwater flow-through wetlands) being of intermediate salinity. The primary axis from a principal component analysis revealed that specific conductance (and major ions affecting conductance) explained 71% of the variation in wetland chemistry over the 27 years of this investigation. We found that long-term averages from this axis were useful to identify a wetland’s long-term relation to surface and groundwater. Yearly or seasonal measurements of specific conductance can be less definitive because of highly dynamic inter- and intra-annual climate cycles that affect water volumes and the interaction of groundwater and geologic materials, and thereby influence the chemical composition of wetland waters. The influence of wetland relation to surface and groundwater on water chemistry has application in many scientific disciplines and is especially needed to improve ecological understanding in wetland investigations. We suggest ways that monitoring in situ wetland conditions could be linked with evolving remote sensing technology to improve our ability to better inform decisions affecting wetland sustainability and provide periodic inventories of wetland ecosystem services to document temporal trends in wetland function and how they respond to contemporary land-use change.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.04.006","usgsCitation":"Euliss, N.H., Mushet, D.M., Newton, W.E., Otto, C., Nelson, R., LaBaugh, J.W., Scherff, E.J., and Rosenberry, D.O., 2014, Placing prairie pothole wetlands along spatial and temporal continua to improve integration of wetland function in ecological investigations: Journal of Hydrology, v. 513, p. 490-503, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.04.006.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"490","endPage":"503","ipdsId":"IP-052963","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286540,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286537,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.04.006"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Prairie Pothole Region","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -99.4814,46.6299 ], [ -99.4814,47.3272 ], [ -98.4387,47.3272 ], [ -98.4387,46.6299 ], [ -99.4814,46.6299 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"513","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535a2450e4b0d0864496272b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Euliss, Ned H. Jr. ceuliss@usgs.gov","contributorId":2916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"Ned","suffix":"Jr.","email":"ceuliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mushet, David M. 0000-0002-5910-2744 dmushet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-2744","contributorId":1299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mushet","given":"David","email":"dmushet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newton, Wesley E. 0000-0002-1377-043X wnewton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1377-043X","contributorId":3661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"Wesley","email":"wnewton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Otto, Clint R.V.","contributorId":102794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otto","given":"Clint R.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nelson, Richard D.","contributorId":55338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Richard D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"LaBaugh, James W. 0000-0002-4112-2536 jlabaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4112-2536","contributorId":1311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaBaugh","given":"James","email":"jlabaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Scherff, Eric J. escherff@usgs.gov","contributorId":4390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scherff","given":"Eric","email":"escherff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":493034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70099210,"text":"sir20145048 - 2014 - Sediment characteristics in the San Antonio River Basin downstream from San Antonio, Texas, and at a site on the Guadalupe River downstream from the San Antonio River Basin, 1966-2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T12:35:15","indexId":"sir20145048","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-24T12:16:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5048","title":"Sediment characteristics in the San Antonio River Basin downstream from San Antonio, Texas, and at a site on the Guadalupe River downstream from the San Antonio River Basin, 1966-2013","docAbstract":"

San Antonio and surrounding municipalities in Bexar County, Texas, are in a rapidly urbanizing region in the San Antonio River Basin. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the San Antonio River Authority and the Texas Water Development Board, compiled historical sediment data collected between 1996 and 2004 and collected suspended-sediment and bedload samples over a range of hydrologic conditions in the San Antonio River Basin downstream from San Antonio, Tex., and at a site on the Guadalupe River downstream from the San Antonio River Basin during 2011–13. In the suspended-sediment samples collected during 2011–13, an average of about 94 percent of the particles was less than 0.0625 millimeter (silt and clay sized particles); the 50 samples for which a complete sediment-size analysis was performed indicated that an average of about 69 percent of the particles was less than 0.002 millimeter. In the bedload samples collected during 2011–13, an average of 51 percent of sediment particles was sand-sized particles in the 0.25–0.5 millimeter-size range. In general, the loads calculated from the samples indicated that bedload typically composed less than 1 percent of the total sediment load. A least-squares log-linear regression was developed between suspended-sediment concentration and instantaneous streamflow and was used to estimate daily mean suspended-sediment loads based on daily mean streamflow. The daily mean suspended-sediment loads computed for each of the sites indicated that during 2011–12, the majority of the suspended-sediment loads originated upstream from the streamflow-gaging station on the San Antonio River near Elmendorf, Tex. A linear regression relation was developed between turbidity and suspended-sediment concentration data collected at the San Antonio River near Elmendorf site because the high-resolution data can facilitate understanding of the complex suspended-sediment dynamics over time and throughout the river basin.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145048","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Antonio River Authority and the Texas Water Development Board","usgsCitation":"Crow, C.L., Banta, J., and Opsahl, S.P., 2014, Sediment characteristics in the San Antonio River Basin downstream from San Antonio, Texas, and at a site on the Guadalupe River downstream from the San Antonio River Basin, 1966-2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5048, Report: v, 33 p.; Appendixes 1-3, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145048.","productDescription":"Report: v, 33 p.; Appendixes 1-3","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054254","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286531,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145048.jpg"},{"id":286528,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5048/downloads/sir2014-5048_app1-3.xlsx"},{"id":286527,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5048/pdf/sir2014-5048.pdf"},{"id":286523,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5048/"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, zone 14","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -99,28.5 ], [ -99,29.66 ], [ -96.64,29.66 ], [ -96.64,28.5 ], [ -99,28.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535a2450e4b0d0864496272f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crow, Cassi L. 0000-0002-1279-2485 ccrow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1279-2485","contributorId":1666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crow","given":"Cassi","email":"ccrow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Banta, J. Ryan 0000-0002-2226-7270","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2226-7270","contributorId":78863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banta","given":"J. Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Opsahl, Stephen P. 0000-0002-4774-0415 sopsahl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4774-0415","contributorId":4713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Opsahl","given":"Stephen","email":"sopsahl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70138814,"text":"70138814 - 2014 - Snake River fall Chinook salmon life history investigations, 1/1/2012 - 12/31/2012: Annual report 2002-032-00","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-26T14:57:24","indexId":"70138814","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-24T02:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Snake River fall Chinook salmon life history investigations, 1/1/2012 - 12/31/2012: Annual report 2002-032-00","docAbstract":"

Executive Summary

\n

a. Fish Population RM&E

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This annual report describes the data collected and analyses conducted during calendar years 2012-2013 by staff of project 20023200. The USGS contributed only to the predation research and reservoir invertebrate work described in this report and the presentation of their results is consistent with USGS policy guidelines. The USGS is not responsible for the content provided by other contributing authors. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

\n

The main goal of this project is to better understand juvenile Snake River fall Chinook salmon life history diversity and the factors that influence it. This is called for in RPA 55.4 “Investigate key characteristics of Snake River fall Chinook salmon early life history.” We 3 investigated the importance of estuary entry and rearing to various Snake River fall Chinook salmon life histories. Otoliths were used to examine differences in estuary use between subyearlings and yearlings, and to determine natal habitats, rearing habitats, and overwintering habitat for returning adults. Estuary growth was best explained by estuary residence time and natal location.

\n

b. Predation and Invasive Species Management RM&E

\n

We investigated the extent of smallmouth bass predation on juvenile fall Chinook salmon in Lower Granite Reservoir as called for in the Fish and Wildlife Program, “The federal action agencies should work cooperatively with NOAA Fisheries, states, tribes, and the Council to review, evaluate, develop, and implement strategies to reduce non-native piscivorous predation on salmon and steelhead, especially by smallmouth bass, channel catfish, and walleye” (Page 52). Smallmouth bass stomach contents were collected and analyzed for the presence of juvenile salmon. Smallmouth bass abundance was estimated with mark-recapture techniques, and salmon consumption by bass was expanded based on bass abundance to determine the annual loss of juvenile fall Chinook salmon for the study period and area. The estimated loss of juvenile fall Chinook salmon to predation in Lower Granite Reservoir exceeded 109,000 fish in 2012. This information could be used to adaptively formulate better hatchery release strategies to reduce the effects of predation. Obtaining better estimates of smallmouth bass abundance and distribution in future years would reduce the uncertainty of estimates. This study will be completed by 2017.

\n

We also examined the effects of various field temperature scenarios resulting from summer flow augmentation on juvenile fall Chinook salmon susceptibility to smallmouth bass predation in laboratory trials. Predation susceptibility of juvenile salmon acclimated at cool temperatures (10°C) was highest when exposed to predators at 24°C. These results indicate that predation susceptibility may be higher when a relatively large temperature difference exists between the Clearwater and Snake rivers; that is, when cool water flow augmentation occurs in summer.

\n

Finally, we examined the role of different invasive invertebrates in lower Snake River reservoir food webs that are food, or competitors for food, for juvenile fall Chinook salmon. The Siberian prawn, a relatively new invader, is relatively abundant but its role on the food web is largely unexplored. Prawns are successfully reproducing and their diet is 81% Neomysis (an invasive opossum shrimp) which is heavily used at times by juvenile salmon for food. Neomysis has become very abundant in lower Snake River reservoirs in recent years and may be a profitable food item for many fish species.

","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","collaboration":"Report covers work performed under Bonneville Power Administration contract #(s) 46273 REL 40, 56575, 56574, 56065 REL 2","usgsCitation":"Tiffan, K.F., Connor, W.P., Bellgraph, B., and Chittaro, P.M., 2014, Snake River fall Chinook salmon life history investigations, 1/1/2012 - 12/31/2012: Annual report 2002-032-00, 146 p.","productDescription":"146 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056816","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320556,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":320560,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pisces.bpa.gov/release/documents/documentviewer.aspx?doc=P139225","text":"Report","size":"3.32 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Lower Clearwater River, Lower Granite Dam, Lower Granite Reservoir, Snake River, Snake River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.7569580078125,\n 45.251688256117646\n ],\n [\n -117.7569580078125,\n 46.76244305208004\n ],\n [\n -116.53198242187499,\n 46.76244305208004\n ],\n [\n -116.53198242187499,\n 45.251688256117646\n ],\n [\n -117.7569580078125,\n 45.251688256117646\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57209138e4b071321fe65697","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tiffan, Kenneth F. 0000-0002-5831-2846 ktiffan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5831-2846","contributorId":3200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiffan","given":"Kenneth","email":"ktiffan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connor, Willam P.","contributorId":138843,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Connor","given":"Willam","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12543,"text":"U.S. FWS, Idaho Fishery Resource Office, Ahsahka, ID","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bellgraph, Brian J.","contributorId":138844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bellgraph","given":"Brian J.","affiliations":[{"id":6727,"text":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chittaro, Paul M.","contributorId":168914,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chittaro","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6727,"text":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70158935,"text":"70158935 - 2014 - Disentangling the effects of climate and landscape change on bird population trends in the western U.S. and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-05T16:12:33.734285","indexId":"70158935","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-23T10:01:32","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7504,"text":"Final Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"title":"Disentangling the effects of climate and landscape change on bird population trends in the western U.S. and Canada","docAbstract":"

Changes in climate are often assumed result in changes to species’ ranges, with potential impacts on natural system functioning and ecosystem services. ‘Climate envelope models’, which rely on correlations between climate and species distributions, have been used to predict the future of biodiversity under these assumptions. However, other factors including land-cover, dispersal ability and interspecific competition and facilitation may play an important role in driving species distributions and population trends either alone or in combination with climate. In an ongoing project, we used long-term data on bird distributions and abundance to develop climate envelope and land-use models for 161 species in order to provide a multi-species test of the degree to which climate envelope versus land-use models are useful in predicting species distributions and population trends of birds in forest ecosystems of the western U.S. and Canada. Our results suggest that models describing associations between climatic variables and abundance patterns can be used for some species to predict changes through time, and that changes in climate have already driven shifts in the geographic patterns of abundance of bird populations in western North America. For other species, models using land-use variables including raw remote-sensing variables may provide the best predictions for abundance change. The results of this research showing the reliability of models across multiple species will aid managers in understanding which species are most vulnerable to changes from climate, land-use change and their interaction.

","language":"English","publisher":"Northwest Climate Science Center","usgsCitation":"Betts, M.G., Shirley, S., and Hagar, J., 2014, Disentangling the effects of climate and landscape change on bird population trends in the western U.S. and Canada: Final Report, 20 p.","productDescription":"20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-053242","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":464810,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":464809,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cascprojects.org/#/project/4f8c64d2e4b0546c0c397b46/5006f5d0e4b0abf7ce733fa9","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.52224868792644,\n 30.145956114275933\n ],\n [\n -101.43694449126431,\n 45.00371243962172\n ],\n [\n -100.36734134919118,\n 49.20562346875474\n ],\n [\n -91.53114143700088,\n 48.4771951716223\n ],\n [\n -90.86042755476569,\n 52.05288516127723\n ],\n [\n -98.01908676798593,\n 54.5708213309878\n ],\n [\n -97.74459898743484,\n 56.279434015227025\n ],\n [\n -135.52124935448506,\n 57.4706888294275\n ],\n [\n -133.21224214555465,\n 52.81460907877127\n ],\n [\n -127.06383095796434,\n 48.91679679540016\n ],\n [\n -125.13127111964917,\n 46.3328708216616\n ],\n [\n -124.9348729629847,\n 39.9696215148646\n ],\n [\n -122.152726658046,\n 36.00719764537918\n ],\n [\n -120.8133285778356,\n 33.80179118849948\n ],\n [\n -117.23772499123346,\n 32.65532716686185\n ],\n [\n -114.6067792654694,\n 32.752154589062\n ],\n [\n -111.3461895355633,\n 31.083759684300837\n ],\n [\n -106.38723615445751,\n 31.58796084886112\n ],\n [\n -104.52224868792644,\n 30.145956114275933\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Betts, Matthew G.","contributorId":27748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betts","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shirley, Susan","contributorId":149118,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shirley","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17648,"text":"Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":576951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hagar, Joan 0000-0002-3044-6607 joan_hagar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-6607","contributorId":3369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagar","given":"Joan","email":"joan_hagar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":576949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70102454,"text":"70102454 - 2014 - Use of DNA from bite marks can determine species and individual animals that attack humans","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T18:13:22","indexId":"70102454","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-22T13:54:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of DNA from bite marks can determine species and individual animals that attack humans","docAbstract":"During the summer of 2008, 6 documented attacks and close encounters with brown bears (Ursus arctos) occurred in the greater Anchorage, Alaska (USA) area. We discuss findings from 2 incidents in which people were mauled within 2 km of each other over a 6-week period and in which it was assumed that a single animal was responsible. To ensure public safety, authorities killed a brown bear implicated in the attacks by circumstantial evidence, though it was not known a priori that the animal was responsible. We extracted DNA from hairs and bite sites on the clothing of both victims and determined species and individual identity of the animal(s) involved in both incidents. Genetic data indicated the brown bear killed by authorities was responsible for one of the maulings, but not both. This research demonstrates that DNA-based techniques, with appropriate sampling, can provide unambiguous identification of animals involved in attacks, as well as provide reasonable justification for excluding others. Because DNA-based techniques can unequivocally identify individual bears carrying out attacks, they should be considered a standard method employed in wildlife attack investigations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/wsb.391","usgsCitation":"Farley, S., Talbot, S.L., Sage, G.K., Sinnott, R., and Coltrane, J., 2014, Use of DNA from bite marks can determine species and individual animals that attack humans: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 38, no. 2, p. 370-376, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.391.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"370","endPage":"376","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-028679","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473041,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.391","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438767,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P93U3A9J","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Bayesian Hierarchical Model of Whimbrel Survival"},{"id":286519,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286515,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wsb.391"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Anchorage","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -149.830375,61.137308 ], [ -149.830375,61.1808 ], [ -149.714555,61.1808 ], [ -149.714555,61.137308 ], [ -149.830375,61.137308 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5357815ae4b0938066bc81a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farley, Sean","contributorId":83415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farley","given":"Sean","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sage, George K. 0000-0003-1431-2286 ksage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-2286","contributorId":87833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sage","given":"George","email":"ksage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sinnott, Rick","contributorId":81413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinnott","given":"Rick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coltrane, Jessica","contributorId":108028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coltrane","given":"Jessica","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70059991,"text":"sir20145001 - 2014 - Status of groundwater quality in the Borrego Valley, Central Desert, and Low-Use Basins of the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts study unit, 2008-2010: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-22T10:32:46","indexId":"sir20145001","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-22T10:26:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5001","title":"Status of groundwater quality in the Borrego Valley, Central Desert, and Low-Use Basins of the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts study unit, 2008-2010: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","docAbstract":"

Groundwater quality in the approximately 963-square-mile Borrego Valley, Central Desert, and Low-Use Basins of the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts study unit was investigated as part of the Priority Basin Project of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The study unit is located in southern California in San Bernardino, Riverside, San Diego, and Imperial Counties. The GAMA Priority Basin Project is being conducted by the California State Water Resources Control Board in collaboration with the U.S. Geological Survey and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.

\n
\n

The GAMA Borrego Valley, Central Desert, and Low-Use Basins of the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of the quality of untreated (raw) groundwater in the primary aquifer system. The assessment is based on water-quality and ancillary data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey from 52 wells (49 grid wells and 3 understanding wells) and on water-quality data from the California Department of Public Health database. The primary aquifer system was defined by the depth intervals of the wells listed in the California Department of Public Health database for the Borrego Valley, Central Desert, and Low-Use Basins of the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts study unit. The quality of groundwater in the primary aquifer system may be different from that in the shallower or deeper water-bearing zones; shallow groundwater may be more vulnerable to surficial contamination.

\n
\n

This study assesses the status of the current quality of the groundwater resource by using data from samples analyzed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), pesticides, and naturally occurring inorganic constituents, such as major ions and trace elements. This status assessment is intended to characterize the quality of groundwater resources in the primary aquifer system of the Borrego Valley, Central Desert, and Low-Use Basins of the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts study unit, not the treated drinking water delivered to consumers by water purveyors.

\n
\n

Relative-concentrations (sample concentration divided by the health- or aesthetic-based benchmark concentration) were used for evaluating groundwater quality for those constituents that have Federal or California regulatory or non-regulatory benchmarks for drinking-water quality. A relative-concentration greater than 1.0 indicates a concentration greater than a benchmark, and a relative-concentration less than or equal to 1.0 indicates a concentration equal to or less than a benchmark. Relative-concentrations of organic constituents and special-interest constituents [perchlorate and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)] were classified as high (relative-concentration greater than 1.0), moderate (relative-concentration greater than 0.1 and less than or equal to 1.0), or low (relative-concentration less than or equal to 0.1). Relative-concentrations of inorganic constituents were classified as high (relative-concentration greater than 1.0), moderate (relative-concentration greater than 0.5 and less than or equal to 1.0), or low (relative-concentration less than or equal to 0.5).

\n
\n

Aquifer-scale proportion was used as the primary metric in the status assessment for evaluating regional-scale groundwater quality. High aquifer-scale proportion is defined as the percentage of the area of the primary aquifer system with a high relative-concentration for a particular constituent or class of constituents; this percentage is based on an areal rather than a volumetric basis. Moderate and low aquifer-scale proportions were defined as the percentages of the primary aquifer system with moderate and low relative-concentrations, respectively, of a constituent or class of constituents. Two statistical approaches—grid-based and spatially weighted—were used to evaluate aquifer-scale proportions for individual constituents and classes of constituents. Grid-based and spatially weighted estimates were comparable to each other (within 90-percent confidence intervals) in the study unit.

\n
\n

Inorganic constituents (one or more) with health-based benchmarks were detected at high relative-concentrations in 48 percent of the primary aquifer system and at moderate relative-concentrations in 26 percent of the primary aquifer system. The high aquifer-scale proportion of inorganic constituents primarily reflected high aquifer-scale proportions of fluoride (27 percent), arsenic (18 percent), molybdenum (16 percent), boron (10 percent), uranium (5.6 percent), gross alpha radioactivity (9.7 percent), and nitrate (2.7 percent). The inorganic constituents with secondary maximum contaminant levels (SMCLs) were detected at high relative-concentrations in 13 percent of the primary aquifer system and at moderate relative-concentrations in 39 percent. The high aquifer-scale proportion for SMCL constituents reflected high aquifer-scale proportions of total dissolved solids (TDS, 11 percent), manganese (2.8 percent), and chloride (2.8 percent).

\n
\n

Organic constituents were not detected at high relative-concentrations in the primary aquifer system, and were present at moderate relative-concentrations in 5.0 percent, and at low relative-concentrations or were not detected in 95 percent of the primary aquifer system. Of the 148 organic constituents analyzed, 12 constituents were detected. Two organic constituents, chloroform and tetrachloroethene (PCE), were detected in more than 10 percent of samples, but were detected mostly at low relative-concentrations.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145001","collaboration":"A product of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Parsons, M.C., Hancock, T.C., Kulongoski, J., and Belitz, K., 2014, Status of groundwater quality in the Borrego Valley, Central Desert, and Low-Use Basins of the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts study unit, 2008-2010: California GAMA Priority Basin Project: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5001, viii, 88 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145001.","productDescription":"viii, 88 p.","numberOfPages":"100","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-027935","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286497,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145001.jpg"},{"id":286487,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5001/"},{"id":286495,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5001/pdf/sir2014-5001.pdf"},{"id":286496,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3001/"}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic Projection","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Imperial County;Riverside County;San Bernardino County;San Diego County","otherGeospatial":"Borrego Valley;Mojave Desert;Sonoran Desert","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.82,32.24 ], [ -124.82,42.12 ], [ -113.99,42.12 ], [ -113.99,32.24 ], [ -124.82,32.24 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53578159e4b0938066bc819f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, Mary C. mparsons@usgs.gov","contributorId":1571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Mary","email":"mparsons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hancock, Tracy Connell","contributorId":62295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hancock","given":"Tracy","email":"","middleInitial":"Connell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kulongoski, Justin T. 0000-0002-3498-4154","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-4154","contributorId":94750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulongoski","given":"Justin T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70102311,"text":"70102311 - 2014 - Network analysis reveals multiscale controls on streamwater chemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-16T16:24:02","indexId":"70102311","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-22T10:19:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3164,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Network analysis reveals multiscale controls on streamwater chemistry","docAbstract":"By coupling synoptic data from a basin-wide assessment of streamwater chemistry with network-based geostatistical analysis, we show that spatial processes differentially affect biogeochemical condition and pattern across a headwater stream network. We analyzed a high-resolution dataset consisting of 664 water samples collected every 100 m throughout 32 tributaries in an entire fifth-order stream network. These samples were analyzed for an exhaustive suite of chemical constituents. The fine grain and broad extent of this study design allowed us to quantify spatial patterns over a range of scales by using empirical semivariograms that explicitly incorporated network topology. Here, we show that spatial structure, as determined by the characteristic shape of the semivariograms, differed both among chemical constituents and by spatial relationship (flow-connected, flow-unconnected, or Euclidean). Spatial structure was apparent at either a single scale or at multiple nested scales, suggesting separate processes operating simultaneously within the stream network and surrounding terrestrial landscape. Expected patterns of spatial dependence for flow-connected relationships (e.g., increasing homogeneity with downstream distance) occurred for some chemical constituents (e.g., dissolved organic carbon, sulfate, and aluminum) but not for others (e.g., nitrate, sodium). By comparing semivariograms for the different chemical constituents and spatial relationships, we were able to separate effects on streamwater chemistry of (i) fine-scale versus broad-scale processes and (ii) in-stream processes versus landscape controls. These findings provide insight on the hierarchical scaling of local, longitudinal, and landscape processes that drive biogeochemical patterns in stream networks.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"United States National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1404820111","usgsCitation":"McGuire, K.J., Torgersen, C., Likens, G.E., Buso, D.C., Lowe, W., and Bailey, S.W., 2014, Network analysis reveals multiscale controls on streamwater chemistry: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 111, no. 19, p. 7030-7035, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1404820111.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"7030","endPage":"7035","numberOfPages":"6","ipdsId":"IP-052532","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473043,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1404820111","text":"External Repository"},{"id":286498,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286473,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1404820111"}],"volume":"111","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53578156e4b0938066bc8197","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGuire, Kevin J.","contributorId":69870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Torgersen, Christian E. 0000-0001-8325-2737","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8325-2737","contributorId":48143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torgersen","given":"Christian E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Likens, Gene E.","contributorId":56363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Likens","given":"Gene","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buso, Donald C.","contributorId":33212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buso","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lowe, Winsor H.","contributorId":64532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lowe","given":"Winsor H.","affiliations":[{"id":5097,"text":"University of Montana, Division of Biological Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":492943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bailey, Scott W. 0000-0002-9160-156X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9160-156X","contributorId":36840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}