The high temperature conversion (HTC) technique using an elemental analyzer with a glassy carbon tube and filling (temperature conversion/elemental analysis, TC/EA) is a widely used method for hydrogen isotopic analysis of water and many solid and liquid organic samples with analysis by isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). However, the TC/EA IRMS method may produce inaccurate δ2H results, with values deviating by more than 20 mUr (milliurey = 0.001 = 1‰) from the true value for some materials. We show that a single-oven, chromium-filled elemental analyzer coupled to an IRMS substantially improves the measurement quality and reliability for hydrogen isotopic compositions of organic substances (Cr-EA method). Hot chromium maximizes the yield of molecular hydrogen in a helium carrier gas by irreversibly and quantitatively scavenging all reactive elements except hydrogen. In contrast, under TC/EA conditions, heteroelements like nitrogen or chlorine (and other halogens) can form hydrogen cyanide (HCN) or hydrogen chloride (HCl) and this can cause isotopic fractionation. The Cr-EA technique thus expands the analytical possibilities for on-line hydrogen-isotope measurements of organic samples significantly. This method yielded reproducibility values (1-sigma) for δ2H measurements on water and caffeine samples of better than 1.0 and 0.5 mUr, respectively. To overcome handling problems with water as the principal calibration anchor for hydrogen isotopic measurements, we have employed an effective and simple strategy using reference waters or other liquids sealed in silver-tube segments. These crimped silver tubes can be employed in both the Cr-EA and TC/EA techniques. They simplify considerably the normalization of hydrogen-isotope measurement data to the VSMOW-SLAP (Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water-Standard Light Antarctic Precipitation) scale, and their use improves accuracy of the data by eliminating evaporative loss and associated isotopic fractionation while handling water as a bulk sample. The calibration of organic samples, commonly having high δ2H values, will benefit from the availability of suitably 2H-enriched reference waters, extending the VSMOW-SLAP scale above zero.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00085","usgsCitation":"Gehre, M., Renpenning, J., Gilevska, T., Qi, H., Coplen, T.B., Meijer, H.A., Brand, W.A., and Schimmelmann, A., 2015, On-line hydrogen-isotope measurements of organic samples using elemental chromium: An extension for high temperature elemental-analyzer techniques: Analytical Chemistry, v. 87, no. 10, p. 5198-5205, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00085.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"5198","endPage":"5205","ipdsId":"IP-063767","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472406,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/dd96a5e9-9828-4660-a829-e3c35aba7496","text":"External Repository"},{"id":338527,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc7d6e4b02ff32c685679","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gehre, Matthias","contributorId":34004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gehre","given":"Matthias","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Renpenning, Julian","contributorId":189953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Renpenning","given":"Julian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gilevska, Tetyana","contributorId":189992,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilevska","given":"Tetyana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Qi, Haiping 0000-0002-8339-744X haipingq@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8339-744X","contributorId":507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"Haiping","email":"haipingq@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meijer, Harro A.J.","contributorId":187804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meijer","given":"Harro","email":"","middleInitial":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brand, Willi A.","contributorId":33091,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brand","given":"Willi","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13365,"text":"Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":686721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schimmelmann, Arndt","contributorId":140051,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schimmelmann","given":"Arndt","affiliations":[{"id":13366,"text":"Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":686722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70185999,"text":"70185999 - 2015 - Vegetation composition, nutrient, and sediment dynamics along a floodplain landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-30T15:31:53","indexId":"70185999","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3302,"text":"River Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vegetation composition, nutrient, and sediment dynamics along a floodplain landscape","docAbstract":"Forested floodplains are important landscape features for retaining river nutrients and sediment loads but there is uncertainty in how vegetation influences nutrient and sediment retention. In order to understand the role of vegetation in nutrient and sediment trapping, we quantified species composition and the uptake of nutrients in plant material relative to landscape position and ecosystem attributes in an urban, Piedmont watershed in Virginia, USA. We investigated in situ interactions among vegetative composition, abundance, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fluxes and ecosystem attributes such as water level, shading, soil nutrient mineralization, and sediment deposition. This study revealed strong associations between vegetation and nutrient and sediment cycling processes at the plot scale and in the longitudinal dimension, but there were few strong patterns between these aspects at the scale of geomorphic features (levee, backswamp, and toe-slope). Patterns reflected the nature of the valley setting rather than a simple downstream continuum. Plant nutrient uptake and sediment trapping were greatest at downstream sites with the widest floodplain and lowest gradient where the hydrologic connection between the floodplain and stream is greater. Sediment trapping increased in association with higher herbaceous plant coverage and lower tree canopy density that, in turn, was associated with a more water tolerant tree community found in the lower watershed but not at the most downstream site in the watershed. Despite urbanization effects on the hydrology, this floodplain functioned as an efficient nutrient trap. N and P flux rates of herbaceous biomass and total litterfall more than accounted for the N and P mineralization flux rate, indicating that vegetation incorporated nearly all mineralized nutrients into biomass.
","language":"English","publisher":"E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung","doi":"10.1127/rs/2015/0097","usgsCitation":"Rybicki, N.B., Noe, G.E., Hupp, C.R., and Robinson, M., 2015, Vegetation composition, nutrient, and sediment dynamics along a floodplain landscape: River Systems, v. 21, no. 2-3, p. 109-123, https://doi.org/10.1127/rs/2015/0097.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"123","ipdsId":"IP-065247","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338850,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","volume":"21","issue":"2-3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de1950e4b02ff32c699cad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rybicki, Nancy B. 0000-0002-2205-7927 nrybicki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2205-7927","contributorId":2142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rybicki","given":"Nancy","email":"nrybicki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noe, Gregory E. 0000-0002-6661-2646 gnoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6661-2646","contributorId":139100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"Gregory","email":"gnoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hupp, Cliff R. 0000-0003-1853-9197 crhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-9197","contributorId":2344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Cliff","email":"crhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robinson, Myles","contributorId":190115,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Myles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70184998,"text":"70184998 - 2015 - Lahars at Cotopaxi and Tungurahua Volcanoes, Ecuador: Highlights from stratigraphy and observational records and related downstream hazards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-08T14:49:53.877779","indexId":"70184998","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"6","title":"Lahars at Cotopaxi and Tungurahua Volcanoes, Ecuador: Highlights from stratigraphy and observational records and related downstream hazards","docAbstract":"Lahars are volcanic debris flows that are dubbed primary when triggered by eruptive activity or secondary when triggered by other factors such as heavy rainfall after eruptive activity has waned. Variation in time and space of the proportion of sediment to water within a lahar dictates lahar flow phase and the resultant sedimentary character of deposits. Characteristics of source material and of debris eroded and incorporated during flow downstream may strongly affect the grain-size composition of flowing lahars and their deposits. Lahars borne on the flanks of two steep-sided stratocones in Ecuador exemplify two important lahar types. Glacier-clad Cotopaxi volcano has been a producer of primary lahars that flow great distances downstream. Such primary lahars include those of both clast-rich and matrix-rich composition—some of which have flowed as far as 325 km to the Pacific Ocean. Cotopaxi's last important eruption in 1877 generated formidable syneruptive lahars comparable in size to those that buried Armero, Colombia, following the 1985 eruption of Nevado del Ruiz volcano. In contrast, ash-producing eruptive activity during the past 15 years at Tungurahua volcano has generated a continual supply of fresh volcaniclastic debris that is regularly remobilized by precipitation. Between 2000 and 2011, 886 rain-generated lahars were registered at Tungurahua. These two volcanoes pose dramatically different hazards to nearby populations. At Tungurahua, the frequency and small sizes of lahars have resulted in effective mitigation measures. At Cotopaxi 137 years have passed since the last important lahar-producing eruption, and there is now a high-risk situation for more than 100,000 people living in downstream valleys.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Volcanic hazards, risks and disasters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-396453-3.00006-X","usgsCitation":"Mothes, P.A., and Vallance, J.W., 2015, Lahars at Cotopaxi and Tungurahua Volcanoes, Ecuador: Highlights from stratigraphy and observational records and related downstream hazards, chap. 6 of Volcanic hazards, risks and disasters, p. 141-168, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-396453-3.00006-X.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"168","ipdsId":"IP-055950","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337703,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Ecuador","otherGeospatial":"Cotopaxi volcano, Tungurahua volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79,\n -0.1\n ],\n [\n -79,\n -1.75\n ],\n [\n -78.25,\n -1.75\n ],\n [\n -78.25,\n -0.1\n ],\n [\n -79,\n -0.1\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba41de4b0849ce97dc756","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mothes, Patricia A","contributorId":189114,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mothes","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vallance, James W. 0000-0002-3083-5469 jvallance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5469","contributorId":547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallance","given":"James","email":"jvallance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188370,"text":"70188370 - 2015 - Determination of (4-methylcyclohexyl)methanol isomers by heated purge-and-trap GC/MS in water samples from the 2014 Elk River, West Virginia, chemical spill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T11:30:14","indexId":"70188370","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of (4-methylcyclohexyl)methanol isomers by heated purge-and-trap GC/MS in water samples from the 2014 Elk River, West Virginia, chemical spill","docAbstract":"A heated purge-and-trap gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method was used to determine the cis- and trans-isomers of (4-methylcyclohexyl)methanol (4-MCHM), the reported major component of the Crude MCHM/Dowanol™ PPh glycol ether material spilled into the Elk River upriver from Charleston, West Virginia, on January 9, 2014. The trans-isomer eluted first and method detection limits were 0.16-μg L−1trans-, 0.28-μg L−1cis-, and 0.4-μg L−1 Total (total response of isomers) 4-MCHM. Estimated concentrations in the spill source material were 491-g L−1trans- and 277-g L−1cis-4-MCHM, the sum constituting 84% of the source material assuming its density equaled 4-MCHM. Elk River samples collected ⩽ 3.2 km downriver from the spill on January 15 had low (⩽2.9 μg L−1 Total) 4-MCHM concentrations, whereas the isomers were not detected in samples collected 2 d earlier at the same sites. Similar 4-MCHM concentrations (range 4.2–5.5 μg L−1 Total) occurred for samples of the Ohio River at Louisville, Kentucky, on January 17, ∼630 km downriver from the spill. Total 4-MCHM concentrations in Charleston, WV, office tap water decreased from 129 μg L−1 on January 27 to 2.2 μg L−1on February 3, but remained detectable in tap samples through final collection on February 25 indicating some persistence of 4-MCHM within the water distribution system. One isomer of methyl 4-methylcyclohexanecarboxylate was detected in all Ohio River and tap water samples, and both isomers were detected in the source material spilled.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.11.006","usgsCitation":"Foreman, W.T., Rose, D.L., Chambers, D., Crain, A.S., Murtagh, L.K., Thakellapalli, H., and Wang, K.K., 2015, Determination of (4-methylcyclohexyl)methanol isomers by heated purge-and-trap GC/MS in water samples from the 2014 Elk River, West Virginia, chemical spill: Chemosphere, v. 131, p. 217-224, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.11.006.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"217","endPage":"224","ipdsId":"IP-056989","costCenters":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472428,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.11.006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342219,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Elk River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.044921875,\n 38.09998264736481\n ],\n [\n -81.14501953125,\n 38.09998264736481\n ],\n [\n -81.14501953125,\n 38.70265930723801\n ],\n [\n -86.044921875,\n 38.70265930723801\n ],\n [\n -86.044921875,\n 38.09998264736481\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"131","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593910b3e4b0764e6c5e88bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foreman, William T. 0000-0002-2530-3310 wforeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2530-3310","contributorId":190786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"William","email":"wforeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, Donna L. 0000-0003-1216-9914 dlrose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1216-9914","contributorId":4546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Donna","email":"dlrose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chambers, Douglas B. 0000-0002-5275-5427 dbchambe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5275-5427","contributorId":2520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chambers","given":"Douglas B.","email":"dbchambe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crain, Angela S. 0000-0003-0969-6238 ascrain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0969-6238","contributorId":3090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crain","given":"Angela","email":"ascrain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murtagh, Lucinda K. 0000-0003-2885-4385 lmurtagh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2885-4385","contributorId":5382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murtagh","given":"Lucinda","email":"lmurtagh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thakellapalli, Haresh 0000-0002-2432-489X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2432-489X","contributorId":192701,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thakellapalli","given":"Haresh","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wang, Kung K. 0000-0001-7039-2984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7039-2984","contributorId":192702,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Kung","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70189465,"text":"70189465 - 2015 - Identifying sediment sources in the sediment TMDL process","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-13T13:10:35","indexId":"70189465","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Identifying sediment sources in the sediment TMDL process","docAbstract":"Sediment is an important pollutant contributing to aquatic-habitat degradation in many waterways of the United States. This paper discusses the application of sediment budgets in conjunction with sediment fingerprinting as tools to determine the sources of sediment in impaired waterways. These approaches complement monitoring, assessment, and modeling of sediment erosion, transport, and storage in watersheds. Combining the sediment fingerprinting and sediment budget approaches can help determine specific adaptive management plans and techniques applied to targeting hot spots or areas of high erosion.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 3rd Joint Federal Interagency Conference (10th Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference and 5th Federal Interagency Hydrologic Modeling Conference)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 3rd Joint Federal Interagency Conference (10th Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference and 5th Federal Interagency Hydrologic Modeling Conference)","conferenceDate":"April 19-23, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Reno, VA","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Gellis, A., Fitzpatrick, F., Schubauer-Berigan, J.P., Landy, R., and Gorman Sanisaca, L., 2015, Identifying sediment sources in the sediment TMDL process, in Proceedings of the 3rd Joint Federal Interagency Conference (10th Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference and 5th Federal Interagency Hydrologic Modeling Conference), Reno, VA, April 19-23, 2015, p. 1983-1991.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1983","endPage":"1991","ipdsId":"IP-062527","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343799,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://acwi.gov/sos/pubs/3rdJFIC/Proceedings.pdf"},{"id":343800,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"596886a2e4b0d1f9f05f59ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gellis, Allen C. 0000-0002-3449-2889 agellis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-2889","contributorId":1709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gellis","given":"Allen C.","email":"agellis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":375,"text":"Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":704787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Faith A. 0000-0002-9748-7075 fafitzpa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-7075","contributorId":173463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Faith A.","email":"fafitzpa@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":704788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schubauer-Berigan, Joseph P.","contributorId":106220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schubauer-Berigan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Landy, R.B.","contributorId":101360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landy","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gorman Sanisaca, Lillian E. 0000-0003-1711-3864 lgormansanisaca@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1711-3864","contributorId":172247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorman Sanisaca","given":"Lillian E.","email":"lgormansanisaca@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":704791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70192549,"text":"70192549 - 2015 - Duckling survival, fecundity, and habitat selection of mottled duck broods on the upper Texas Gulf Coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T13:02:30","indexId":"70192549","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3909,"text":"Journal of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Duckling survival, fecundity, and habitat selection of mottled duck broods on the upper Texas Gulf Coast","docAbstract":"Mottled ducks (Anas fulvigula) on the western Gulf Coast have exhibited a steep population decline since the mid 1990s. Low rates of breeding incidence and nest success have been implicated in this decline, but duckling survival and the habitat needs of broods have not been previously investigated in this region. We fitted mottled duck ducklings and adult females with radio transmitters and tracked broods to estimate duckling survival and brood habitat selection on the upper Texas Gulf Coast. Duckling survival to 30 days was high (range among models 0.354–0.567) compared to other dabbling duck species. Estimated fecundity was low, (range among models 0.398–0.634) however, indicating that overall reproductive output is low. Within coastal marsh, broods selected home ranges with more water cover and less upland and fresh marsh landcover than was available in the study area. Within coastal marsh home ranges, broods selected for water cover relative to other landcover types, and there was some evidence that broods avoided unvegetated landcover. Although high quality brood habitat is undeniably important, management efforts to increase mottled duck population growth on the western Gulf Coast may best be spent on increasing nesting habitat quality to increase nest success and breeding incidence.
","language":"English","publisher":"Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","usgsCitation":"Rigby, E.A., and Haukos, D.A., 2015, Duckling survival, fecundity, and habitat selection of mottled duck broods on the upper Texas Gulf Coast: Journal of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, v. 2, p. 156-163.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"156","endPage":"163","ipdsId":"IP-057826","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349366,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349365,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.seafwa.org/publications/journal/?id=103"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","volume":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fec8e4b06e28e9c25365","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rigby, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":171479,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rigby","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haukos, David A. 0000-0001-5372-9960 dhaukos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-9960","contributorId":3664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haukos","given":"David","email":"dhaukos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70192579,"text":"70192579 - 2015 - Net ecosystem production and organic carbon balance of U.S. East Coast estuaries: A synthesis approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-26T14:30:09","indexId":"70192579","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Net ecosystem production and organic carbon balance of U.S. East Coast estuaries: A synthesis approach","docAbstract":"Net ecosystem production (NEP) and the overall organic carbon budget for the estuaries along the East Coast of the United States are estimated. We focus on the open estuarine waters, excluding the fringing wetlands. We developed empirical models relating NEP to loading ratios of dissolved inorganic nitrogen to total organic carbon, and carbon burial in the sediment to estuarine water residence time and total nitrogen input across the landward boundary. Output from a data-constrained water quality model was used to estimate inputs of total nitrogen and organic carbon to the estuaries across the landward boundary, including fluvial and tidal-wetland sources. Organic carbon export from the estuaries to the continental shelf was computed by difference, assuming steady state. Uncertainties in the budget were estimated by allowing uncertainties in the supporting model relations. Collectively, U.S. East Coast estuaries are net heterotrophic, with the area-integrated NEP of −1.5 (−2.8, −1.0) Tg C yr−1 (best estimate and 95% confidence interval) and area-normalized NEP of −3.2 (−6.1, −2.3) mol C m−2 yr−1. East Coast estuaries serve as a source of organic carbon to the shelf, exporting 3.4 (2.0, 4.3) Tg C yr−1 or 7.6 (4.4, 9.5) mol C m−2 yr−1. Organic carbon inputs from fluvial and tidal-wetland sources for the region are estimated at 5.4 (4.6, 6.5) Tg C yr−1 or 12 (10, 14) mol C m−2 yr−1 and carbon burial in the open estuarine waters at 0.50 (0.33, 0.78) Tg C yr−1 or 1.1 (0.73, 1.7) mol C m−2 yr−1. Our results highlight the importance of estuarine systems in the overall coastal budget of organic carbon, suggesting that in the aggregate, U.S. East Coast estuaries assimilate (via respiration and burial) ~40% of organic carbon inputs from fluvial and tidal-wetland sources and allow ~60% to be exported to the shelf.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2013GB004736","usgsCitation":"Herrmann, M., Najjar, R., Kemp, W.M., Alexander, R.B., Boyer, E.W., Cai, W., Griffith, P.C., Kroeger, K.D., McCallister, S.L., and Smith, R.A., 2015, Net ecosystem production and organic carbon balance of U.S. East Coast estuaries: A synthesis approach: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 29, no. 1, p. 96-111, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GB004736.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"96","endPage":"111","ipdsId":"IP-051697","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347491,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -66.9287109375,\n 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Leigh","contributorId":198523,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCallister","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Leigh","affiliations":[{"id":12991,"text":"Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Smith, Richard A. 0000-0003-2117-2269 rsmith1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2117-2269","contributorId":580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"rsmith1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70191888,"text":"70191888 - 2015 - Ground-based thermal imaging of stream surface temperatures: Technique and evaluation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-26T11:09:56","indexId":"70191888","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-based thermal imaging of stream surface temperatures: Technique and evaluation","docAbstract":"We evaluated a ground-based handheld thermal imaging system for measuring water temperatures using data from eight southwestern USA streams and rivers. We found handheld thermal imagers could provide considerably more spatial information on water temperature (for our unit one image = 19,600 individual temperature measurements) than traditional methods could supply without a prohibitive amount of effort. Furthermore, they could provide measurements of stream surface temperature almost instantaneously compared with most traditional handheld thermometers (e.g., >20 s/reading). Spatial temperature analysis is important for measurement of subtle temperature differences across waterways, and identification of warm and cold groundwater inputs. Handheld thermal imaging is less expensive and equipment intensive than airborne thermal imaging methods and is useful under riparian canopies. Disadvantages of handheld thermal imagers include their current higher expense than thermometers, their susceptibility to interference when used incorrectly, and their slightly lower accuracy than traditional temperature measurement methods. Thermal imagers can only measure surface temperature, but this usually corresponds to subsurface temperatures in well-mixed streams and rivers. Using thermal imaging in select applications, such as where spatial investigations of water temperature are needed, or in conjunction with stationary temperature data loggers or handheld electronic or liquid-in-glass thermometers to characterize stream temperatures by both time and space, could provide valuable information on stream temperature dynamics. These tools will become increasingly important to fisheries biologists as costs continue to decline.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2015.1091410","usgsCitation":"Bonar, S.A., and Petre, S.J., 2015, Ground-based thermal imaging of stream surface temperatures: Technique and evaluation: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 35, no. 6, p. 1209-1218, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2015.1091410.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1209","endPage":"1218","ipdsId":"IP-057935","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350648,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6c4c98e4b06e28e9cabb16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bonar, Scott A. 0000-0003-3532-4067 sbonar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-4067","contributorId":3712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"sbonar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petre, Sally J.","contributorId":197664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petre","given":"Sally","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70134310,"text":"70134310 - 2015 - Carbon isotope analysis of dissolved organic carbon in fresh and saline (NaCl) water via continuous flow cavity ring-down spectroscopy following wet chemical oxidation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-08T12:27:11","indexId":"70134310","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2114,"text":"Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon isotope analysis of dissolved organic carbon in fresh and saline (NaCl) water via continuous flow cavity ring-down spectroscopy following wet chemical oxidation","docAbstract":"This work examines the performance and limitations of a wet chemical oxidation carbon analyser interfaced with a cavity ring-down spectrometer (WCO-CRDS) in a continuous flow (CF) configuration for measuring δ13C of dissolved organic carbon (δ13C-DOC) in natural water samples. Low-chloride matrix (<5 g Cl/L) DOC solutions were analysed with as little as 2.5 mg C/L in a 9 mL aliquot with a precision of 0.5 ‰. In high-chloride matrix (10–100 g Cl/L) DOC solutions, bias towards lighter δ13C-DOC was observed because of incomplete oxidation despite using high-concentration oxidant, extended reaction time, or post-wet chemical oxidation gas-phase combustion. However, through a combination of dilution, chloride removal, and increasing the oxidant:sample ratio, high-salinity samples with sufficient DOC (>22.5 µg C/aliquot) may be analysed. The WCO-CRDS approach requires more total carbon (µg C/aliquot) than conventional CF-isotope ratio mass spectrometer, but is nonetheless applicable to a wide range of DOC concentration and water types, including brackish water, produced water, and basinal brines.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/10256016.2015.1009910","usgsCitation":"Conaway, C.H., Thomas, R.B., Saad, N., Thordsen, J., and Kharaka, Y.K., 2015, Carbon isotope analysis of dissolved organic carbon in fresh and saline (NaCl) water via continuous flow cavity ring-down spectroscopy following wet chemical oxidation: Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, v. 51, no. 2, p. 344-358, https://doi.org/10.1080/10256016.2015.1009910.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"344","endPage":"358","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059947","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324922,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5780ceb2e4b08116168222c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conaway, Christopher H. 0000-0002-0991-033X cconwaya@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0991-033X","contributorId":127598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conaway","given":"Christopher","email":"cconwaya@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, Randal B. burt_thomas@usgs.gov","contributorId":5073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Randal","email":"burt_thomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saad, Nabil","contributorId":127599,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saad","given":"Nabil","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7073,"text":"Picarro, Inc. Santa Clara, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thordsen, James J. jthordsn@usgs.gov","contributorId":3329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thordsen","given":"James J.","email":"jthordsn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kharaka, Yousif K. 0000-0001-9861-8260 ykharaka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9861-8260","contributorId":1928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Yousif","email":"ykharaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70143409,"text":"70143409 - 2015 - Causes and consequences of ecosystem service regionalization in a coastal suburban watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-19T09:06:03","indexId":"70143409","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Causes and consequences of ecosystem service regionalization in a coastal suburban watershed","docAbstract":"The demand for ecosystem services and the ability of natural ecosystems to provide those services evolve over time as population, land use, and management practices change. Regionalization of ecosystem service activity, or the expansion of the area providing ecosystem services to a population, is a common response in densely populated coastal regions, with important consequences for watershed water and nitrogen (N) fluxes to the coastal zone. We link biophysical and historical information to explore the causes and consequences of change in ecosystem service activity—focusing on water provisioning and N regulation—from 1850 to 2010 in a coastal suburban watershed, the Ipswich River watershed in northeastern Massachusetts, USA. Net interbasin water transfers started in the late 1800s due to regionalization of water supply for use by larger populations living outside the Ipswich watershed boundaries, reaching a peak in the mid-1980s. Over much of the twentieth century, about 20 % of river runoff was diverted from reaching the estuary, with greater proportions during drought years. Ongoing regionalization of water supply has contributed to recent declines in diversions, influenced by socioecological feedbacks resulting from the river drying and fish kills. Similarly, the N budget has been greatly perturbed since the suburban era began in the 1950s due to food and lawn fertilizer imports and human waste release. However, natural ecosystems are able to remove most of this anthropogenic N, mitigating impacts on the coastal zone. We propose a conceptual model whereby the amount and type of ecosystem services provided by coastal watersheds in urban regions expand and contract over time as regional population expands and ecosystem services are regionalized. We hypothesize that suburban watersheds can be hotspots of ecosystem service sources because they retain sufficient ecosystem function to still produce services that meet increasing demand from the local population and nearby urban centers. Historical reconstruction of ecosystem service activity provides a perspective that may help to better understand coupled human–natural system processes and lead to more sustainable management of coastal ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12237-013-9646-8","usgsCitation":"Wollheim, W.M., Green, M.B., Pellerin, B.A., Morse, N.B., and Hopkinson, C.S., 2015, Causes and consequences of ecosystem service regionalization in a coastal suburban watershed: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 1, no. 38, p. 19-34, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-013-9646-8.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"34","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-043983","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-013-9646-8","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":298737,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Ipswich River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.02159023284912,\n 42.562879746999684\n ],\n [\n -71.02159023284912,\n 42.56935918843573\n ],\n [\n -71.00137710571288,\n 42.56935918843573\n ],\n [\n -71.00137710571288,\n 42.562879746999684\n ],\n [\n -71.02159023284912,\n 42.562879746999684\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"38","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550bf32be4b02e76d759cddd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wollheim, Wilfred M.","contributorId":139742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wollheim","given":"Wilfred","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":18105,"text":"University of New Hampshire, Durham","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, Mark B.","contributorId":139746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Green","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pellerin, Brian A. bpeller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"Brian","email":"bpeller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morse, Nathaniel B.","contributorId":139747,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morse","given":"Nathaniel","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hopkinson, Charles S.","contributorId":139745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hopkinson","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70187192,"text":"70187192 - 2015 - Estimating mean long-term hydrologic budget components for watersheds and counties: An application to the commonwealth of Virginia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-26T10:44:56","indexId":"70187192","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5379,"text":"Hydrology: Current Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating mean long-term hydrologic budget components for watersheds and counties: An application to the commonwealth of Virginia, USA","docAbstract":"Mean long-term hydrologic budget components, such as recharge and base flow, are often difficult to estimate because they can vary substantially in space and time. Mean long-term fluxes were calculated in this study for precipitation, surface runoff, infiltration, total evapotranspiration (ET), riparian ET, recharge, base flow (or groundwater discharge) and net total outflow using long-term estimates of mean ET and precipitation and the assumption that the relative change in storage over that 30-year period is small compared to the total ET or precipitation. Fluxes of these components were first estimated on a number of real-time-gaged watersheds across Virginia. Specific conductance was used to distinguish and separate surface runoff from base flow. Specific-conductance (SC) data were collected every 15 minutes at 75 real-time gages for approximately 18 months between March 2007 and August 2008. Precipitation was estimated for 1971-2000 using PRISM climate data. Precipitation and temperature from the PRISM data were used to develop a regression-based relation to estimate total ET. The proportion of watershed precipitation that becomes surface runoff was related to physiographic province and rock type in a runoff regression equation. A new approach to estimate riparian ET using seasonal SC data gave results consistent with those from other methods. Component flux estimates from the watersheds were transferred to flux estimates for counties and independent cities using the ET and runoff regression equations. Only 48 of the 75 watersheds yielded sufficient data, and data from these 48 were used in the final runoff regression equation. Final results for the study are presented as component flux estimates for all counties and independent cities in Virginia. The method has the potential to be applied in many other states in the U.S. or in other regions or countries of the world where climate and stream flow data are plentiful.
","language":"English","publisher":"OMICS International","doi":"10.4172/2157-7587.1000191","usgsCitation":"Sanford, W.E., Nelms, D.L., Pope, J.P., and Selnick, D.L., 2015, Estimating mean long-term hydrologic budget components for watersheds and counties: An application to the commonwealth of Virginia, USA: Hydrology: Current Research, v. 6, p. 1-22, https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.1000191.","productDescription":"Article 191; 22 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"22","ipdsId":"IP-061320","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.1000191","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340439,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5901b1bee4b0c2e071a99baa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanford, Ward E. 0000-0002-6624-0280 wsanford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":2268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"Ward","email":"wsanford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelms, David L. 0000-0001-5747-642X dlnelms@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5747-642X","contributorId":1892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelms","given":"David","email":"dlnelms@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pope, Jason P. 0000-0003-3199-993X jpope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3199-993X","contributorId":2044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Jason","email":"jpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Selnick, David L.","contributorId":13480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selnick","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70193264,"text":"70193264 - 2015 - Reaction modeling of drainage quality in the Duluth Complex, northern Minnesota, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-20T14:22:53","indexId":"70193264","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Reaction modeling of drainage quality in the Duluth Complex, northern Minnesota, USA","docAbstract":"Reaction modeling can be a valuable tool in predicting the long-term behavior of waste material if representative rate constants can be derived from long-term leaching tests or other approaches. Reaction modeling using the REACT program of the Geochemist’s Workbench was conducted to evaluate long-term drainage quality affected by disseminated Cu-Ni-(Co-)-PGM sulfide mineralization in the basal zone of the Duluth Complex where significant resources have been identified. Disseminated sulfide minerals, mostly pyrrhotite and Cu-Fe sulfides, are hosted by clinopyroxene-bearing troctolites. Carbonate minerals are scarce to non-existent. Long-term simulations of up to 20 years of weathering of tailings used two different sets of rate constants: one based on published laboratory single-mineral dissolution experiments, and one based on leaching experiments using bulk material from the Duluth Complex conducted by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (MNDNR). The simulations included only plagioclase, olivine, clinopyroxene, pyrrhotite, and water as starting phases. Dissolved oxygen concentrations were assumed to be in equilibrium with atmospheric oxygen. The simulations based on the published single-mineral rate constants predicted that pyrrhotite would be effectively exhausted in less than two years and pH would rise accordingly. In contrast, only 20 percent of the pyrrhotite was depleted after two years using the MNDNR rate constants. Predicted pyrrhotite depletion by the simulation based on the MNDNR rate constant matched well with published results of laboratory tests on tailings. Modeling long-term weathering of mine wastes also can provide important insights into secondary reactions that may influence the permeability of tailings and thereby affect weathering behavior. Both models predicted the precipitation of a variety of secondary phases including goethite, gibbsite, and clay (nontronite).
","conferenceTitle":"10th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage & IMWA Annual Conference","language":"English","publisher":"IRWA","usgsCitation":"Seal, R.R., Lapakko, K., Piatak, N.M., and Woodruff, L.G., 2015, Reaction modeling of drainage quality in the Duluth Complex, northern Minnesota, USA, 10th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage & IMWA Annual Conference, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-063220","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349147,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fec7e4b06e28e9c25357","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seal, Robert R. 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":193011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Robert","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":250,"text":"Eastern Water Science Field Team","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lapakko, Kim","contributorId":199239,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lapakko","given":"Kim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piatak, Nadine M. 0000-0002-1973-8537 npiatak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1973-8537","contributorId":193010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatak","given":"Nadine","email":"npiatak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Woodruff, Laurel G. 0000-0002-2514-9923 woodruff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-9923","contributorId":2224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"Laurel","email":"woodruff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70189560,"text":"70189560 - 2015 - Concentrations and distributions of metals associated with dissolved organic matter from the Suwannee River (GA, USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:14:56","indexId":"70189560","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1535,"text":"Environmental Engineering Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concentrations and distributions of metals associated with dissolved organic matter from the Suwannee River (GA, USA)","docAbstract":"Concentrations and distributions of metals in Suwannee River (SR) raw filtered surface water (RFSW) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) processed by reverse osmosis (RO), XAD-8 resin (for humic and fulvic acids [FA]), and XAD-4 resin (for “transphilic” acids) were analyzed by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AsFlFFF). SR samples were compared with DOM samples from Nelson's Creek (NLC), a wetland-draining stream in northern Michigan; previous International Humic Substances Society (IHSS) FA and RO samples from the SR; and an XAD-8 sample from Lake Fryxell (LF), Antarctica. Despite application of cation exchange during sample processing, all XAD and RO samples contained substantial metal concentrations. AsFlFFF fractograms allowed metal distributions to be characterized as a function of DOM component molecular weight (MW). In SR RFSW, Fe, Al, and Cu were primarily associated with intermediate to higher than average MW DOM components. SR RO, XAD-8, and XAD-4 samples from May 2012 showed similar MW trends for Fe and Al but Cu tended to associate more with lower MW DOM. LF DOM had abundant Cu and Zn, perhaps due to amine groups that should be present due to its primarily algal origins. None of the fractograms showed obvious evidence for mineral nanoparticles, although some very small mineral nanoparticles might have been present at trace concentrations. This research suggests that AsFlFFF is important for understanding how metals are distributed in different DOM samples (including IHSS samples), which may be key to metal reactivity and bioavailability.
","language":"English","publisher":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Publishers","doi":"10.1089/ees.2014.0298","usgsCitation":"Kuhn, M.K., Neubauer, E., Hofmann, T., von der Kammer, F., Aiken, G.R., and Maurice, P.A., 2015, Concentrations and distributions of metals associated with dissolved organic matter from the Suwannee River (GA, USA): Environmental Engineering Science, v. 32, no. 1, p. 54-65, https://doi.org/10.1089/ees.2014.0298.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"65","ipdsId":"IP-059563","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343943,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Suwannee River","volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"596dcca3e4b0d1f9f0627563","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuhn, M. Keshia","contributorId":194715,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kuhn","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Keshia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neubauer, Elisabeth","contributorId":194716,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neubauer","given":"Elisabeth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hofmann, Thilo","contributorId":194717,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hofmann","given":"Thilo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"von der Kammer, Frank","contributorId":194718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"von der Kammer","given":"Frank","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Maurice, Patricia A.","contributorId":194719,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maurice","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70191253,"text":"70191253 - 2015 - Hydrothermal, biogenic, and seawater components in metalliferous black shales of the Brooks Range, Alaska: Synsedimentary metal enrichment in a carbonate ramp setting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T21:01:00","indexId":"70191253","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrothermal, biogenic, and seawater components in metalliferous black shales of the Brooks Range, Alaska: Synsedimentary metal enrichment in a carbonate ramp setting","docAbstract":"Trace element and Os isotope data for Lisburne Group metalliferous black shales of Middle Mississippian (early Chesterian) age in the Brooks Range of northern Alaska suggest that metals were sourced chiefly from local seawater (including biogenic detritus) but also from externally derived hydrothermal fluids. These black shales are interbedded with phosphorites and limestones in sequences 3 to 35 m thick; deposition occurred mainly on a carbonate ramp during intermittent upwelling under varying redox conditions, from suboxic to anoxic to sulfidic. Deposition of the black shales at ~335 Ma was broadly contemporaneous with sulfide mineralization in the Red Dog and Drenchwater Zn-Pb-Ag deposits, which formed in a distal marginal basin.
Relative to the composition of average black shale, the metalliferous black shales (n = 29) display large average enrichment factors (>10) for Zn (10.1), Cd (11.0), and Ag (20.1). Small enrichments (>2–<10) are shown by V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Pd, Pt, U, Se, Y, and all rare earth elements except Ce, Nd, and Sm. A detailed stratigraphic profile over 23 m in the Skimo Creek area (central Brooks Range) indicates that samples from at and near the top of the section, which accumulated during a period of major upwelling and is broadly correlative with the stratigraphic levels of the Red Dog and Drenchwater Zn-Pb-Ag deposits, have the highest Zn/TOC (total organic carbon), Cu/TOC, and Tl/TOC ratios for calculated marine fractions (no detrital component) of these three metals.
Average authigenic (detrital-free) contents of Mo, V, U, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb, Ge, Re, Se, As, Sb, Tl, Pd, and Au show enrichment factors of 4.3 × 103 to 1.2 × 106 relative to modern seawater. Such moderate enrichments, which are common in other metalliferous black shales, suggest wholly marine sources (seawater and biogenic material) for these metals, given similar trends for enrichment factors in organic-rich sediments of modern upwelling zones on the Namibian, Peruvian, and Chilean shelves. The largest enrichment factors for Zn and Ag are much higher (1.4 × 107 and 2.9 × 107, respectively), consistent with an appreciable hydrothermal component. Other metals such as Cu, Pb, and Tl that are concentrated in several black shale samples, and are locally abundant in the Red Dog and Drenchwater Zn-Pb-Ag deposits, may have a partly hydrothermal origin but this cannot be fully established with the available data. Enrichments in Cr (up to 7.8 × 106) are attributed to marine and not hydrothermal processes. The presence in some samples of large enrichments in Eu (up to 6.1 × 107) relative to modern seawater and of small positive Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* up to 1.12) are considered unrelated to hydrothermal activity, instead being linked to early diagenetic processes within sulfidic pore fluids.
Initial Os isotope ratios (187Os/188Os) calculated for a paleontologically based depositional age of 335 Ma reveal moderately unradiogenic values of 0.24 to 0.88 for four samples of metalliferous black shale. A proxy for the ratio of coeval early Chesterian seawater is provided by initial (187Os/188Os)335 Ma ratios of four unaltered black shales of the coeval Kuna Formation that average 1.08, nearly identical to the initial ratio of 1.06 for modern seawater. Evaluation of possible sources of unradiogenic Os in the metalliferous black shales suggests that the most likely source was mafic igneous rocks that were leached by externally derived hydrothermal fluids. This unradiogenic Os is interpreted to have been leached by deeply circulating hydrothermal fluids in the Kuna basin, followed by venting of the fluids into overlying seawater.
We propose that metal-bearing hydrothermal fluids that formed Zn-Pb-Ag deposits such as Red Dog or Drenchwater vented into seawater in a marginal basin, were carried by upwelling currents onto the margins of a shallow-water carbonate platform, and were then deposited in organic-rich muds, together with seawater- and biogenically derived components, by syngenetic sedimentary processes. Metal concentration in the black shales was promoted by high biologic productivity, sorption onto organic matter, diffusion across redox boundaries, a low sedimentation rate, and availability of H2S in bottom waters and pore fluids.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.110.3.653","usgsCitation":"Slack, J.F., Selby, D., and Dumoulin, J.A., 2015, Hydrothermal, biogenic, and seawater components in metalliferous black shales of the Brooks Range, Alaska: Synsedimentary metal enrichment in a carbonate ramp setting: Economic Geology, v. 110, no. 3, p. 653-675, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.110.3.653.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"653","endPage":"675","ipdsId":"IP-053916","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346337,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Brooks Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -167.2998046875,\n 66.87834504307976\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 66.87834504307976\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 71.71888229713917\n ],\n [\n -167.2998046875,\n 71.71888229713917\n ],\n [\n -167.2998046875,\n 66.87834504307976\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"110","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59d3502ae4b05fe04cc34d73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slack, John F. 0000-0001-6600-3130 jfslack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-3130","contributorId":1032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"John","email":"jfslack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Selby, David","contributorId":193460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Selby","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70189762,"text":"70189762 - 2015 - Corrigendum to “Comparing activated alumina with indigenous laterite and bauxite as potential sorbents for removing fluoride from drinking water in Ghana” [Appl. Geochem. 56 (2015) 50–66]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-24T15:17:57","indexId":"70189762","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Corrigendum to “Comparing activated alumina with indigenous laterite and bauxite as potential sorbents for removing fluoride from drinking water in Ghana” [Appl. Geochem. 56 (2015) 50–66]","docAbstract":"The authors regret that the application of the t-plot to determine the presence of micropores in the three sorbents needs the following corrections: (1) Fig. 1a, c, e are N2(g) adsorption and desorption isotherms” (remove “BET”). This correction applies to descriptions in the text as well. (2) Table 2, the column titled “Micropores” is mislabelled, and should be labelled “Film thickness”, which may not equal the pore width. The column titled “Micropore volume” is a correct description for laterite volume 0.0022 cm3 g−1 (t = 0.3–0.5 nm), but the other pore volumes listed cannot be identified as corresponding to micropores. They likely comprise both micropores and mesopores in laterite, while the presence of micropores in activated alumina is not clear. The positive y-intercept for the lowest linear portion of the laterite t-plot curve indicates micropores (Fig. 1f), and the shape of the t-plot curve suggests the presence of both micropores and mesopores. The shape of the activated alumina t-plot curve suggests the presence of micropores and mesopores, but the zero intercept for the lowest linear portion of the curve (Fig. 1b) creates uncertainty regarding the presence of micropores. Also see Storck et al., 1998; Hay et al. 2011 and references therein. (Additional note: analytical instrument Micromeritics® was misspelled as “Micrometrics”).
The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.06.016","usgsCitation":"Craig, L., Stillings, L.L., Decker, D.L., and Thomas, J.M., 2015, Corrigendum to “Comparing activated alumina with indigenous laterite and bauxite as potential sorbents for removing fluoride from drinking water in Ghana” [Appl. Geochem. 56 (2015) 50–66]: Applied Geochemistry, v. 63, p. 451-451, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.06.016.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"451","endPage":"451","ipdsId":"IP-088988","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.06.016","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344273,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59770751e4b0ec1a48889f88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Craig, Laura","contributorId":173675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Craig","given":"Laura","affiliations":[{"id":27270,"text":"American Rivers","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":706242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stillings, Lisa L. 0000-0002-9011-8891 stilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-8891","contributorId":193548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stillings","given":"Lisa","email":"stilling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Decker, David L.","contributorId":193549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Decker","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thomas, James M.","contributorId":195094,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70182262,"text":"70182262 - 2015 - Study 8: Prevalence and load of Nanophyetus salmincola infection in outmigrating steelhead trout from five Puget Sound rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-11T12:26:42","indexId":"70182262","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Study 8: Prevalence and load of Nanophyetus salmincola infection in outmigrating steelhead trout from five Puget Sound rivers","docAbstract":"Nanophyetus salmincola is a parasitic trematode, or flatworm, that infects salmonid fishes in the Pacific Northwest, including Washington, Oregon, and portions of California. The adult worm lives in the intestine of fish-eating birds and mammals. Eggs shed into the water hatch into miracidia which penetrate the first intermediate host, one of two species of snail Juga plicifera or J. silicula. Asexual reproduction occurs within the snail. Free-swimming cercaria are released from the snail and penetrate the secondary intermediate host, often a salmonid fish, in fresh and brackish water. The cercaria encyst as metacercaria in various organs of the fish, including gills, muscle and heart, but favor the posterior kidney. Penetration and migration by the cercaria through the fish causes damage to nearly every organ system. Once encysted, metacercaria survive the ocean phase of salmonid life cycle. N. salmincola is a likely contributor to mortality of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) during the early ocean rearing phase, and it is the most prevalent pathogen of outmigrating steelhead in the estuaries of the Pacific Northwest.
A field survey was implemented from March-June 2014 to compare the prevalence and parasite load of N. salmincola infections in outmigrating steelhead from five Puget Sound watersheds and to assess changes in infection levels that occurred during the smolt out-migration through each watershed. N. salmincola infection prevalence and parasite loads were determined by counting metacercaria in posterior kidney samples. Tissue samples were collected and examined by standard histological methods.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Puget Sound steelhead marine survival: 2013-2015 research findings summary","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Long Live the Kings","publisherLocation":"Seattle, WA","usgsCitation":"Chen, M., Stewart, B., Senkvik, K., and Hershberger, P., 2015, Study 8: Prevalence and load of Nanophyetus salmincola infection in outmigrating steelhead trout from five Puget Sound rivers, chap. of Puget Sound steelhead marine survival: 2013-2015 research findings summary, p. 46-48.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"48","ipdsId":"IP-066577","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339570,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335929,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://marinesurvivalproject.com/resources/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58edbb59e4b0eed1ab8c6f58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, M.F.","contributorId":182025,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, B.A.","contributorId":182026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Senkvik, Kevin","contributorId":182027,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Senkvik","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hershberger, Paul 0000-0002-2261-7760 phershberger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2261-7760","contributorId":150816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"Paul","email":"phershberger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":670271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70159508,"text":"ofr20131280C - 2015 - Hydrogeologic map of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 56), Synthesis of hydrologic data (phase V, deliverable 57), and chemical hydrologic map of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (added value)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70159508,"text":"ofr20131280C - 2015 - Hydrogeologic map of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 56), Synthesis of hydrologic data (phase V, deliverable 57), and chemical hydrologic map of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (added value)","indexId":"ofr20131280C","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Hydrogeologic map of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 56), Synthesis of hydrologic data (phase V, deliverable 57), and chemical hydrologic map of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (added value)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-08T17:07:03.551061","indexId":"ofr20131280C","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1280","chapter":"C","title":"Hydrogeologic map of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 56), Synthesis of hydrologic data (phase V, deliverable 57), and chemical hydrologic map of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (added value)","docAbstract":"A hydrogeologic study was conducted to support mineral-resource assessment activities in Mauritania, Africa. Airborne magnetic depth estimates reveal two primary groundwater basins: the porous coastal Continental Terminal Basin (fill deposits); and the interior, fractured interior Taoudeni Basin. In the Continental Terminal Basin, there is uniform vertical recharge and localized discharge that is coincident with groundwater pumping at Nouakchott. This pumping center induces eastward flow of groundwater from the Atlantic Ocean resulting in a salinity gradient that diminishes quality over 100 km. Groundwater also flows southward into the basin from Western Sahara. By contrast, an interbasin exchange occurs as fresh groundwater flows westward from the Taoudeni Basin. In the Taoudeni Basin, zones of local recharge occur in three areas: northwest at the edge of the Rgueïbat Shield; at the city of Tidjikja; and near the center of the basin. Groundwater also flows across international boundaries: northward into Western Sahara and westward into Mali. At the southern country boundary, the Senegal River serves as both a source and sink of fresh groundwater to the Continental Terminal and Taoudeni basins. Using a geographical information system, thirteen hydrogeologic units are identified based on lateral extent and distinct hydraulic properties for future groundwater model development. Combining this information with drilling productivity, groundwaterquality, and geophysical interpretations (fracturing and absence of subsurface dikes) three potential water-resource development targets were identified: sedimentary rocks of the Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Quaternary Periods; sedimentary rocks of Cambrian and Ordovician Periods; and sedimentary rocks of Neoproterozoic age.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) (Open File Report 2013-1280)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131280C","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania","usgsCitation":"Friedel, M.J., Finn, C.A., and Horton, J.D., 2015, Hydrogeologic map of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 56), Synthesis of hydrologic data (phase V, deliverable 57), and chemical hydrologic map of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (added value): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1280, Report: vii, 23 p.; 2 Plates: 54.0 x 60.0 inches; Data; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131280C.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 23 p.; 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While the Beaver Kill is free flowing for its entire length, the Neversink River is subdivided by the Neversink Reservoir, which likely affects the diversity of local fish assemblages and health of aquatic ecosystems. The reservoir is an important part of the New York City waster-supply system that provides drinking water to more than 9 million people. Fish population and community data from recent quantitative surveys at comparable sites in both basins were assessed to characterize the differences between free-flowing and impounded rivers and the extent of reservoir effects to improve our capacity to define ecosystems responses that two modified flow-release programs (implemented in 2007 and 2011) should produce in the Neversink River. In general, the continuum of changes in fish assemblages which normally occur between headwaters and mouth was relatively uninterrupted in the Beaver Kill, but disrupted by the mid-basin impoundment in the Neversink River. Fish assemblages were also adversely affected at several acidified sites in the upper Neversink River, but not at most sites assessed herein. The reservoir clearly excluded diadromous species from the upper sub-basin, but it also substantially reduced community richness, diversity, and biomass at several mid-basin sites immediately downstream from the impoundment. There results will aid future attempts to determine if fish assemblages respond to more natural, yet highly regulated, flow regimes in the Neversink River. More important, knowledge gained from this study can help optimize use of valuable water resources while promoting species of special concern, such as American eel (Anguilla rostrata) and conserving biodiversity in Catskill Mountain streams.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Environmental Research","language":"English","publisher":"Nova Science Publishers, Inc.","collaboration":"The Nature Conservancy; Pike County PA; USGS","usgsCitation":"Baldigo, B.P., Delucia, M., Keller, W.D., Schuler, G.E., Apse, C.D., and Moberg, T., 2015, Contrasting fish assemblages in free-flowing and impounded tributaries to the Upper Delaware River: Implications for conserving biodiversity, chap. of Advances in Environmental Research, v. 45, p. 43-70.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"70","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044340","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326081,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325458,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.novapublishers.com/catalog/index.php"}],"volume":"45","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a315bce4b006cb45558a48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119 bbaldigo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":1234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry","email":"bbaldigo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delucia, Mari-Beth","contributorId":173018,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delucia","given":"Mari-Beth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7041,"text":"The Nature Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keller, Walter D.","contributorId":14813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schuler, George E.","contributorId":37005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuler","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Apse, Colin D.","contributorId":54680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Apse","given":"Colin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Moberg, Tara","contributorId":173019,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moberg","given":"Tara","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7041,"text":"The Nature Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70177814,"text":"70177814 - 2015 - Estimating sturgeon abundance in the Carolinas using side-scan sonar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-21T16:26:31","indexId":"70177814","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2680,"text":"Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating sturgeon abundance in the Carolinas using side-scan sonar","docAbstract":"Sturgeons (Acipenseridae) are one of the most threatened taxa worldwide, including species in North Carolina and South Carolina. Populations of Atlantic Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus in the Carolinas have been significantly reduced from historical levels by a combination of intense fishing and habitat loss. There is a need for estimates of current abundance, to describe status, and for estimates of historical abundance in order to provide realistic recovery goals. In this study we used N-mixture and distance models with data acquired from side-scan sonar surveys to estimate abundance of sturgeon in six major sturgeon rivers in North Carolina and South Carolina. Estimated abundances of sturgeon greater than 1 m TL in the Carolina distinct population segment (DPS) were 2,031 using the count model and 1,912 via the distance model. The Pee Dee River had the highest overall abundance of any river at 1,944 (count model) or 1,823 (distance model). These estimates do not account for sturgeon less than 1 m TL or occurring in riverine reaches not surveyed or in marine waters. Comparing the two models, the N-mixture model produced similar estimates using less data than the distance model with only a slight reduction of estimated precision.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/19425120.2014.982334","usgsCitation":"Flowers, H.J., and Hightower, J.E., 2015, Estimating sturgeon abundance in the Carolinas using side-scan sonar: Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science, v. 7, no. 1, p. 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2014.982334.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","ipdsId":"IP-055971","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2014.982334","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330333,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5810c700e4b0f497e79734bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flowers, H. Jared","contributorId":140974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flowers","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jared","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hightower, Joseph E. jhightower@usgs.gov","contributorId":835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hightower","given":"Joseph","email":"jhightower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70193124,"text":"70193124 - 2015 - Groundwater conditions in Utah, spring of 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-22T09:35:44","indexId":"70193124","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":110,"text":"Cooperative Investigations Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"56","title":"Groundwater conditions in Utah, spring of 2015","docAbstract":"This is the fifty-second in a series of annual reports that describe groundwater conditions in Utah. Reports in this series, published cooperatively by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights, and the Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Quality, provide data to enable interested parties to maintain awareness of changing groundwater conditions.
This report, like the others in the series, contains information on well construction, groundwater withdrawals from wells, water-level changes, precipitation, streamflow, and chemical quality of water. Information on well construction included in this report refers only to new wells constructed for withdrawal of groundwater. Supplementary data are included in reports of this series only for those years or areas that are important to a discussion of changing groundwater conditions and for which applicable data are available.
This report includes individual discussions of selected significant areas of groundwater development in the State for calendar year 2014. Most of the reported data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights, and the Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Quality. This report is also available online at http://www.waterrights.utah.gov/techinfo/ and http://ut.water.usgs.gov/publications/GW2015.pdf. Groundwater conditions in Utah for calendar year 2013 are reported in Burden and others (2014) and are available online at http://ut.water.usgs.gov/publications/GW2014.pdf.
The water-level change maps in this report show the difference between water levels measured in the same well at two distinct times: in the spring of 1985 and the spring of 2015. Throughout the state, many groundwater levels were near their peak in or around 1985 following a multiple-year period of above average precipitation in the early 1980s. Conversely, consecutive years of significant drought have contributed to low groundwater levels in 2015. For these reasons, the difference between 1985 and 2015 groundwater levels may not accurately portray long-term changes in an aquifer. An evaluation of water-level trends should also include consideration of the annual water-level measurement plots provided for each of the major areas of groundwater development in this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Burden, C.B., 2015, Groundwater conditions in Utah, spring of 2015: Cooperative Investigations Report 56, x, 136 p.","productDescription":"x, 136 p.","numberOfPages":"150","ipdsId":"IP-060778","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350083,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":364085,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://waterrights.utah.gov/techinfo/wwwpub/GW2015.pdf"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fec8e4b06e28e9c2535d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burden, Carole B. cburden@usgs.gov","contributorId":852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burden","given":"Carole","email":"cburden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70137774,"text":"70137774 - 2015 - Discrete-storm water-table fluctuation method to estimate episodic recharge.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-09T10:35:00","indexId":"70137774","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discrete-storm water-table fluctuation method to estimate episodic recharge.","docAbstract":"We have developed a method to identify and quantify recharge episodes, along with their associated infiltration-related inputs, by a consistent, systematic procedure. Our algorithm partitions a time series of water levels into discrete recharge episodes and intervals of no episodic recharge. It correlates each recharge episode with a specific interval of rainfall, so storm characteristics such as intensity and duration can be associated with the amount of recharge that results. To be useful in humid climates, the algorithm evaluates the separability of events, so that those whose recharge cannot be associated with a single storm can be appropriately lumped together. Elements of this method that are subject to subjectivity in the application of hydrologic judgment are values of lag time, fluctuation tolerance, and master recession parameters. Because these are determined once for a given site, they do not contribute subjective influences affecting episode-to-episode comparisons. By centralizing the elements requiring scientific judgment, our method facilitates such comparisons by keeping the most subjective elements openly apparent, making it easy to maintain consistency. If applied to a period of data long enough to include recharge episodes with broadly diverse characteristics, the method has value for predicting how climatic alterations in the distribution of storm intensities and seasonal duration may affect recharge.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc.","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12177","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, J.R., Horowittz, C., and Mitchell, L., 2015, Discrete-storm water-table fluctuation method to estimate episodic recharge.: Groundwater, v. 53, no. 2, p. 282-292, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12177.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"282","endPage":"292","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046105","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297223,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a6ce4b08de9379b3050","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/gwat.12177","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12177","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Nimmo John R., Horowitz Charles, Mitchell Lara","journalName":"Groundwater","publicationDate":"3/3/2014","auditedOn":"3/4/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horowittz, Charles","contributorId":138611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horowittz","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12465,"text":"University of Pittsburgh","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mitchell, Lara","contributorId":138612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Lara","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12466,"text":"Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70138510,"text":"70138510 - 2015 - Uranium Sequestration During Biostimulated Reduction and In Response to the Return of Oxic Conditions In Shallow Aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-12T11:20:41","indexId":"70138510","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"NUREG/CR-7178","title":"Uranium Sequestration During Biostimulated Reduction and In Response to the Return of Oxic Conditions In Shallow Aquifers","docAbstract":"A proposed approach for groundwater remediation of uranium contamination is to generate reducing conditions by stimulating the growth of microbial populations through injection of electron donor compounds into the subsurface. Sufficiently reducing conditions will result in reduction of soluble hexavalent uranium, U(VI), and precipitation of the less soluble +4 oxidation state uranium, U(IV). This process is termed biostimulated reduction. A key issue in the remediation of uranium (U) contamination in aquifers by biostimulated reduction is the long term stability of the sequestered uranium. Three flow-through column experiments using aquifer sediment were used to evaluate the remobilization of bioreduced U sequestered under conditions in which biostimulation extended well into sulfate reduction to enhance precipitation of reduced sulfur phases such as iron sulfides. One column received added ferrous iron, Fe(II), increasing production of iron sulfides, to test their effect on remobilization of the sequestered uranium, either by serving as a redox buffer by competing for dissolved oxygen, or by armoring the reduced uranium. During biostimulation of the ambient microbial population with acetate, dissolved uranium was lowered by a factor of 2.5 or more with continued removal for over 110 days of biostimulation, well after the onset of sulfate reduction at ~30 days. Sequestered uranium was essentially all U(IV) resulting from the formation of nano-particulate uraninite that coated sediment grains to a thickness of a few 10’s of microns, sometimes in association with S and Fe. A multicomponent biogeochemical reactive transport model simulation of column effluents during biostimulation was generally able to describe the acetate oxidation, iron, sulfate, and uranium reduction for all three columns using parameters derived from simulations of field scale biostimulation experiments.
Columns were eluted with artificial groundwater at equilibrium with atmospheric oxygen to simulate the upper limit of dissolved oxygen in recharge water. Overall about 9% of total uranium removed from solution during biostimulation was remobilized. Release of U during oxic elution was a continuous process over 140 days with dissolved uranium concentrations about 0.2 and 0.8 aM for columns with and without ferrous iron addition, respectively. Uranium remaining on the sediment was in the reduced form. The prolonged period of biostimulation and concomitant sulfate reduction appears to limit the rate of U(IV) oxidative remobilization in contrast to a large release observed for columns in previous studies that did not undergo sulfate reduction. Although continued sulfate reduction may cause decreased permeability from precipitation of iron sulfide, the greater apparent stability of the sequestered U(IV) provided by the sustained biostimulation should be considered in design of field scale remediation efforts. Remobilization of uranium following biostimulated reduction should be tested further at the field scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission","collaboration":"Nuclear Regulatory Commission","usgsCitation":"Fuller, C.C., Johnson, K.J., Akstin, K., Singer, D.M., Yabusaki, S.B., Fang, Y., and Fuhrmann, M., 2015, Uranium Sequestration During Biostimulated Reduction and In Response to the Return of Oxic Conditions In Shallow Aquifers, xviii, 158 p.","productDescription":"xviii, 158 p.","ipdsId":"IP-053280","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342386,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297355,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/nuregs/contract/cr7178/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593fa839e4b0764e6c627999","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuller, Christopher C. 0000-0002-2354-8074 ccfuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2354-8074","contributorId":1831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Christopher","email":"ccfuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Kelly J.","contributorId":138797,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12527,"text":"MWH Global, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Akstin, Katherine kakstin@usgs.gov","contributorId":5178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akstin","given":"Katherine","email":"kakstin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Singer, David M.","contributorId":53278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yabusaki, Steven B.","contributorId":138798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yabusaki","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6727,"text":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fang, Yi","contributorId":138799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fang","given":"Yi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6727,"text":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fuhrmann, M.","contributorId":138800,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fuhrmann","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12528,"text":"US Nuclear Regulatory Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70141018,"text":"70141018 - 2015 - An updated conceptual model of Delta Smelt biology: Our evolving understanding of an estuarine fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-10T06:55:47","indexId":"70141018","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"90","title":"An updated conceptual model of Delta Smelt biology: Our evolving understanding of an estuarine fish","docAbstract":"The main purpose of this report is to provide an up-to-date assessment and conceptual model of factors affecting Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) throughout its primarily annual life cycle and to demonstrate how this conceptual model can be used for scientific and management purposes. The Delta Smelt is a small estuarine fish that only occurs in the San Francisco Estuary. Once abundant, it is now rare and has been protected under the federal and California Endangered Species Acts since 1993. The Delta Smelt listing was related to a step decline in the early 1980s; however, population abundance decreased even further with the onset of the “pelagic organism decline” (POD) around 2002. A substantial, albeit short-lived, increase in abundance of all life stages in 2011 showed that the Delta Smelt population can still rebound when conditions are favorable for spawning, growth, and survival. In this report, we update previous conceptual models for Delta Smelt to reflect new data and information since the release of the last synthesis report about the POD by the Interagency Ecological Program for the San Francisco Estuary (IEP) in 2010. Specific objectives include: 1. Provide decision makers with a practical tool for evaluating difficult trade-offs associated with management and policy decisions. 2. Provide scientists with a framework from which they can formulate and evaluate hypotheses using qualitative or quantitative models. 3. Provide the general public with a new way of learning about Delta Smelt and their habitat. Our updated conceptual model describes the habitat conditions and ecosystem drivers affecting each Delta Smelt life stage, across seasons and how the seasonal effects contribute to the annual success of the species. The conceptual model consists of two nested and linked levels of increasing specificity. The general life cycle conceptual model for four Delta Smelt life stages (adults, eggs and larvae, juveniles, and subadults) includes stationary ecosystem components and dynamic environmental drivers, habitat attributes, and Delta Smelt responses. The more detailed life stage transition conceptual models for each of the four Delta Smelt life stages describe relationships between environmental drivers, key habitat attributes, and the responses of Delta Smelt to habitat attributes as they transition from one life stage to the next. Our analyses and conceptual model show that good larval recruitment is essential for setting the stage for a strong year class; however, increased growth and survival through subsequent life stages are also needed to achieve and sustain higher population abundance. We used our conceptual model to generate 16 hypotheses about the factors that may have contributed to the 2011 increase in Delta Smelt relative abundance. We then evaluated these hypotheses by comparing habitat conditions and Delta Smelt responses in the wet year 2011 to those in the prior wet year 2006 and in the drier years 2005 and 2010. Larval recruitment was similarly high in both wet years and lower in the drier antecedent years, but juvenile and adult abundance increased only in 2011. In 2005 and 2006, the population was limited by very poor survival from the larval to the juvenile life stage. We found that in 2011, Delta Smelt may have benefitted from a combination of favorable habitat conditions throughout the year, including: 1. Adults and larvae benefitted from prolonged cool spring water temperatures, high 2011 winter and spring outflows which reduced entrainment risk and possibly improved other habitat conditions, and possibly enhanced food availability in late spring. 2. Juveniles benefitted from cool water temperatures in late spring and early summer as well as from improved food availability and low levels of harmful Microcystis. 3. Subadults also benefitted from improved food availability and from favorable habitat conditions in the large, low salinity zone (salinity 1-6) located more toward Suisun Bay,
","language":"English","publisher":"Interagency Ecological Program, California Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Baxter, R., Brown, L.R., Castillo, G., Conrad, L., Culberson, S.D., Dekar, M.P., Dekar, M., Feyrer, F., Hunt, T., Jones, K., Kirsch, J., Mueller-Solger, A., Nobriga, M., Slater, S., Sommer, T., Souza, K., Erickson, G., Fong, S., Gehrts, K., Grimaldo, L., and Herbold, B., 2015, An updated conceptual model of Delta Smelt biology: Our evolving understanding of an estuarine fish: Technical Report 90, xvi, 206 p.","productDescription":"xvi, 206 p.","ipdsId":"IP-052945","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science 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hydrologic conditions—seasonally ranging from xeric to saturated—that support a number of plant species of conservation concern. Although a rich botanical literature exists on cedar glades, soil biochemical processes and the ecology of soil microbial communities in limestone cedar glades have largely been ignored. This investigation documents the abiotic stress regime of this ecosystem (shallow soil, extreme hydrologic fluctuations and seasonally high soil surface temperatures) as well as soil physical and chemical characteristics, and relates both types of information to ecological structures and functions including vegetation, soil respiration, and soil microbial community metabolic profiles and diversity. Methods used in this investigation include field observations and measurements of soil physical and chemical properties and processes, laboratory analyses, and microbiological assays of soil samples.\nStress factors quantified by this research include shallow soil (depth to bedrock ranging from 2.4 to 22.6 cm), volumetric soil water content levels seasonally ranging from xeric (below 5%) to saturated (above 50%), and seasonally extreme ground-surface temperatures (above 48°C). Findings from this research indicate that spatial and temporal heterogeneity exists in limestone cedar glades in terms of abiotic stress factors and soil physical and chemical properties. Several such soil properties (e.g. soil depth, organic matter levels, pH, and particle size distribution) are spatially correlated. These soil properties were statistically related to ecological structures and functions such as vegetation patterns, soil respiration, the density of culturable heterotrophic microbes in soil and metabolic diversity of soil microbial community profiles. In general, zones within limestone cedar glades that had relatively shallow soil, alkaline pH, low levels of organic matter and high levels of silt also tended to have depressed rates of soil respiration and reduced densities and metabolic diversity of culturable heterotrophic soil microbes. Additionally, seasonally-relevant stress factors including soil water content and temperatures at or near the soil surface were related to the same set of ecological structures and functions.","language":"English","publisher":"Tennessee State University","usgsCitation":"Cartwright, J.M., and Advised by Dzantor, E.K., 2015, Soil ecology of a rock outcrop ecosystem: Abiotic stresses, soil respiration, and microbial community profiles in limestone cedar glades, 224 p.","productDescription":"224 p.","ipdsId":"IP-054403","costCenters":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341345,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":306724,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://digitalscholarship.tnstate.edu/dissertations/AAI3623008/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Nashville Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.07763671875,\n 36.359374956015856\n ],\n [\n -87.066650390625,\n 36.155617833818525\n ],\n [\n -86.781005859375,\n 35.92464453144099\n ],\n [\n -86.98974609375,\n 35.71083783530009\n ],\n [\n -87.16552734375,\n 35.567980458012094\n ],\n [\n -87.0556640625,\n 35.35321610123823\n ],\n [\n -86.85791015625,\n 35.36217605914681\n ],\n [\n -86.71508789062499,\n 35.200744801724014\n ],\n [\n -86.37451171875,\n 35.15584570226544\n ],\n [\n -86.165771484375,\n 35.137879119634185\n ],\n [\n -85.95703125,\n 35.21869749632885\n ],\n [\n -85.946044921875,\n 35.39800594715108\n ],\n [\n -85.95703125,\n 35.62158189955968\n ],\n [\n -85.75927734375,\n 35.82672127366604\n ],\n [\n -85.7427978515625,\n 36.08018188118015\n ],\n [\n -85.7373046875,\n 36.2265501474709\n ],\n [\n -85.6109619140625,\n 36.34167804918315\n ],\n [\n -85.62744140625,\n 36.45221769643571\n ],\n [\n -85.95703125,\n 36.43896124085945\n ],\n [\n -86.396484375,\n 36.54494944148322\n ],\n [\n -86.912841796875,\n 36.500805317604794\n ],\n [\n -87.07763671875,\n 36.359374956015856\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591c0fcce4b0a7fdb43ddefe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cartwright, Jennifer M. 0000-0003-0851-8456 jmcart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0851-8456","contributorId":5386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cartwright","given":"Jennifer","email":"jmcart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Advised by Dzantor, E. 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However, based on the occurrence of, and potential effects from, contaminants of emerging concern in wastewaters, OWS as well as centralized systems need to account for these compounds in system design and use. One group of contaminants involves organic compounds such as those associated with consumer product chemicals and pharmaceuticals, which are collectively referred to as trace organic compounds (TOrCs) due to their very low levels (e.g., ng/L to ug/L) relative to other pollutants. The question being confronted today is how best to account for TOrCs in onsite system design and use while also achieving other goals such as system simplicity, limited operation and maintenance requirements, low cost, and sustainability. In contrast to conventional pollutants such as nutrients and pathogens which have specific and achievable treatment goals, there are currently no enforceable treatment standards for TOrCs, which often have non-traditional toxicological endpoints (i.e. endocrine disruption). As highlighted in this paper, there are a large number of TOrCs that can be present in OWS and they have different properties, can be present at different frequencies of occurrence and concentrations, and have different susceptibilities to treatment in OWS. In general, based on the studies summarized in this paper, TOrCs normally should not require additional considerations beyond those for conventional pollutants and pathogens (e.g., nitrogen or bacteria and virus) during design and use of OWS. That said, there are situations where TOrCs could be a serious concern warranting special consideration in system design and use. In this paper, the frequency of occurrence of TOrCs and the range of concentrations encountered are highlighted. 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