The breeding ecology of eastern Willets (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus) was studied over a 3-yr period in a salt marsh on the Atlantic coast of Virginia. During the study, 171 adults were color-marked. Willets are strictly monogamous and show strong site and mate fidelity from year to year. Normally a pair bond dissolves only after one member dies or fails to return in the spring. With an estimated annual adult mortality of 15%, the average life of a pair bond is 3 yr. The sexes share in most aspects of breeding, including brood-rearing, but females abandon both mate and brood about 2 weeks after the chicks hatch. Males apparently incubate at night and sometimes relieve the female at the nest during the middle of the day. In this area Willets defend separate nesting and feeding territories, though nest-site defense decreases through the incubation period. When mates are lost, males retain their original nesting and feeding territories, while females pair with available mates near their original nesting territory. Females compete for mates, and males select the most aggressive females.
Nesting was particularly synchronous in lowland marsh sites, where the onset of egg laying was slightly earlier than in upland sites. Nest density was the highest reported for any scolopacid, and the highest densities were in sites closest to the marsh. Nest spacing is achieved through agonistic behavior, but there is evidence of a counter-tendency leading to nest clumping. Several features of the Willet social system resemble characteristics typical of colonial species of birds. These are discussed along with other aspects of social organization and the selective forces operating on it.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4086024","usgsCitation":"Howe, M., 1982, Social organization in a nesting population of eastern willets (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus): The Auk, v. 99, no. 1, p. 88-102, https://doi.org/10.2307/4086024.","productDescription":"15","startPage":"88","endPage":"102","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480242,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4086024","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":193434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49efe4b07f02db5edd57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howe, M.A.","contributorId":70462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5223157,"text":"5223157 - 1982 - Food habits of diving ducks in the Carolinas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:43","indexId":"5223157","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:26","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3139,"text":"Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Food habits of diving ducks in the Carolinas","docAbstract":"Food habits analyses were conducted on 264 diving ducks (7 species) from North and South Carolina during the 1970'S. The Baltic clam (Macoma balthica) was the predominant food among canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) from the Pamlico River area, whereas sago pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus) predominated in birds from impoundments in North and South Carolina. Shoalgrass (Halodule beaudettei) formed 100% of the gullet food and 99% of the gizzard food in redheads (Aythya americana) from Pamlico Sound. Lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) in North Carolina had fed predominantly on mollusks (Mulinia lateralis and Rangia cuneata), whereas widgeon grass (Ruppia maritima) was the predominant food in birds from South Carolina. In North Carolina, ring-necked ducks (Aythya collaris) fed mainly on vegetation, and greater scaup (Aythya marila), bufflehead (Bucephala albeola), and ruddy ducks (Oxyura jamaicensis) fed mainly on Mulinia lateralis. Food habits data from this study when compared with historical food habits of these species indicate that most diving duck species were feeding more on invertebrates and less on submerged aquatic vegetation than in the past. North and South Carolina have a diverse food supply and appear to offer waterfowl adequate wintering habitat based on these food habits studies. Present trends in wintering habitat, however, could adversely affect diving duck populations in the future.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Based in part on paper, 'Southeastern waterfowl distribution in response to changing habitat conditions' presented at Southeastern Coastal and Estuarine Birds: Conference and Workshop, Georgetown, SC, 1981","usgsCitation":"Perry, M., and Uhler, F., 1982, Food habits of diving ducks in the Carolinas: Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, v. 36, p. 492-504.","productDescription":"492-504","startPage":"492","endPage":"504","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae6e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Matthew C. 0000-0001-6452-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-9534","contributorId":16372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Matthew C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Uhler, F.M.","contributorId":81965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uhler","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221768,"text":"5221768 - 1982 - Pharmacokinetics and tissue concentrations of tylosin in selected avian species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:33","indexId":"5221768","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:26","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":734,"text":"American Journal of Veterinary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pharmacokinetics and tissue concentrations of tylosin in selected avian species","docAbstract":"Tissue and plasma concentrations and the biological half-life of tylosin in avian species of a variety of body sizes and metabolic rates were studied. The species chosen were eastern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus virginianus), pigeons (Columba livia), greater sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis tabida), and emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae). In the 1st phase of this study, tylosin was administered IM to quail, pigeons, and emus at a dosage rate of 25 mg/kg of body weight and to cranes at a dosage rate of 15 mg/kg. The average peak plasma concentrations of tylosin in quail, pigeons, cranes, and emus were 4.31, 5.63, 3.62, and 3.26 microgram/ml, respectively. These peak concentrations occurred at 0.5 to 1.5 hours after administration. The biological half-life of tylosin averaged 1.2 hours in quail, pigeons, and cranes, and was 4.7 hours in emus. In the 2nd phase of this study, tylosin concentrations in the tissues of quail, pigeons, and cranes were markedly higher than were plasma concentrations at corresponding sampling times. Six hours after antibiotic administration, tissue concentrations of tylosin in all species remained within the minimum inhibitory concentration for most pathogenic organisms. Dosage regimens of 25 mg of tylosin/kg 4 times daily for quail and pigeons, 15 mg/kg 3 times daily for cranes, and 25 mg/kg 3 times daily for emus would be needed to establish and maintain therapeutic tissue concentrations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Journal of Veterinary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Locke, D., Bush, M., and Carpenter, J.W., 1982, Pharmacokinetics and tissue concentrations of tylosin in selected avian species: American Journal of Veterinary Research, v. 43, no. 10, p. 1807-1810.","productDescription":"1807-1810","startPage":"1807","endPage":"1810","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db68794f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Locke, D.","contributorId":58725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bush, M.","contributorId":20433,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bush","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carpenter, J. W.","contributorId":81854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5221767,"text":"5221767 - 1982 - Lead shot incidence in sediments and waterfowl gizzards from Merrymeeting Bay, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:07","indexId":"5221767","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:26","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lead shot incidence in sediments and waterfowl gizzards from Merrymeeting Bay, Maine","docAbstract":"Lead shot in bottom sediments from Merrymeeting Bay, Maine, averaged 99,932 shot/ha. More shot (P < 0.05) was present in silt sediments than in sand sediments. Number 6 size shot was the most abundant in all 6 river deltas sampled. Ingested lead shot occurred in gizzards of 6 of 10 waterfowl species. Lead shot occurred in 5.9-8.1% of the black ducks (Anas rubripes) sampled during the hunting seasons of 1976-80. A comparison of 3 gizzard examination methods showed that visual examination of gizzard contents and x-ray examination of contents did not differ in accuracy, but fluoroscopic x-ray examination of intact gizzards was not satisfactory for detecting ingested shot. Projected waterfowl mortality and the effectiveness of the steel shot regulation in reducing lead deposition into the environment are discussed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Longcore, J.R., Corr, P., and Spencer, H., 1982, Lead shot incidence in sediments and waterfowl gizzards from Merrymeeting Bay, Maine: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 10, no. 1, p. 3-10.","productDescription":"3-10","startPage":"3","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":18358,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3781795","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":193462,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a829d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Longcore, J. R. 0000-0003-4898-5438","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-5438","contributorId":43835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Corr, P.O.","contributorId":88830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corr","given":"P.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spencer, H.E. Jr.","contributorId":57556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"H.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222048,"text":"5222048 - 1982 - Embryotoxic and biochemical effects of waste crankcase oil on birds' eggs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:07","indexId":"5222048","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:26","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3612,"text":"Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Embryotoxic and biochemical effects of waste crankcase oil on birds' eggs","docAbstract":"Waste crankcase oil (WCO) is a major source of oil pollution in both the aquatic and terrestrial environment and has been implicated in the poisoning of mammals and fish. It is also mutagenic. Since birds' eggs are highly sensitive to external microliter applications of environmentally polluting oils, we examined the developmental effects of external applications of WCO on eggs of the mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos) and the bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus). At 48 hr of development, mallard eggs were exposed externally to 2, 5, or 15 :l of WCO or 15 :l of clean crankcase oil (CCO) while bobwhite eggs received proportional doses of 0.5, 1, or 3 :l of WCO and 3 :l of CCO in a similar manner. WCO was highly embryotoxic to both species compared to CCO and resulted in dose-dependent mortality, reduced growth, and abnormal survivors. Application of 15 :l WCO resulted in 84% mortality in mallards and 3 :l WCO resulted in 88% mortality in bobwhites. Abnormal survivors included embryos with subcutaneous edema, incomplete ossification, and eye and brain defects. Red blood cell *-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity, liver ALAD activity, and hemoglobin concentration were significantly lower after treatment with WCO in embryos and hatchlings of both species. Plasma uric acid, plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and plasma aspartate aminotransferese (AST) were significantly elevated in WCO-treated mallards after hatching. Biochemical effects, growth retardation, and mortality at proportionally lower dose levels were more pronounced in mallards than in bobwhites. Chemical analysis of the WCO and CCO revealed a considerably higher content of aromatic hydrocarbons in WCO than in CCO. Lead levels were highly elevated in WCO (4600 ppm) compared to CCO (2 ppm).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0041-008X(82)90045-X","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, D.J., Eastin, W.C., and Gay, M.L., 1982, Embryotoxic and biochemical effects of waste crankcase oil on birds' eggs: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v. 63, no. 2, p. 230-241, https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(82)90045-X.","productDescription":"230-241","startPage":"230","endPage":"241","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":18352,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(82)90045-X","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":198075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605953","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eastin, W. C. Jr.","contributorId":6147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eastin","given":"W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gay, M. L.","contributorId":91191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gay","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5221772,"text":"5221772 - 1982 - Recent changes in the North American distribution and abundance of wintering Atlantic brant","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:45","indexId":"5221772","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:26","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent changes in the North American distribution and abundance of wintering Atlantic brant","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Kirby, R., and Obrecht, H., 1982, Recent changes in the North American distribution and abundance of wintering Atlantic brant: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 53, no. 4, p. 333-341.","productDescription":"333-341","startPage":"333","endPage":"341","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":18357,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/JFO/v053n04/p0333-p0341.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":197139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db64858b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirby, R.E.","contributorId":75871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Obrecht, H.H. III","contributorId":18868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obrecht","given":"H.H.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221771,"text":"5221771 - 1982 - Capturing birds with mist nets: A review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:45","indexId":"5221771","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:26","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2881,"text":"North American Bird Bander","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Capturing birds with mist nets: A review","docAbstract":"Herein we have tried to provide a comprehensive review of mist-netting techniques suitable for both novice and experienced netters. General mist-netting procedures and modifications developed by netters for particular bird species and habitats are included. Factors which influence capture success, including site selection, net specifications and placement, weather, and time of day, are discussed. Guidelines are presented for the care of netted birds and the use of mist-net data in the study of bird communities. The advantages of the use of mist nets over other methods of capturing birds are also discussed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Bird Bander","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Keyes, B., and Grue, C., 1982, Capturing birds with mist nets: A review: North American Bird Bander, v. 7, no. 1, p. 2-14.","productDescription":"2-14","startPage":"2","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":18356,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/NABB/v007n01/p0002-p0014.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":197062,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5cf6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keyes, B.E.","contributorId":22878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keyes","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grue, C.E.","contributorId":86446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grue","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221773,"text":"5221773 - 1982 - Seasonal brain acetylcholinesterase activity in three species of shorebirds overwintering in Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-31T12:21:48.095859","indexId":"5221773","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:26","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal brain acetylcholinesterase activity in three species of shorebirds overwintering in Texas","docAbstract":"There was no seasonal variation in average brain AChE activity for the 3 species of wild birds collected between October and February. Further work needs to be done, however, covering an even broader time frame which includes the reproductive cycle. It appears that some birds feeding at the mouth of an agricultural drain, at some distance from the nearest pesticide applications, were affected by AChE inhibitors.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01706241","usgsCitation":"Mitchell, C.A., and White, D.H., 1982, Seasonal brain acetylcholinesterase activity in three species of shorebirds overwintering in Texas: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 29, no. 3, p. 360-365, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01706241.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"360","endPage":"365","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193490,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ffe4b07f02db5f799a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mitchell, C. A.","contributorId":54543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Donald H.","contributorId":97868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222121,"text":"5222121 - 1982 - Diagnosis of anticholinesterase poisoning in birds: Effects of environmental temperature and underfeeding on cholinesterase activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-12T15:43:30.122552","indexId":"5222121","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:26","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diagnosis of anticholinesterase poisoning in birds: Effects of environmental temperature and underfeeding on cholinesterase activity","docAbstract":"Brain cholinesterase (ChE) activity has been used extensively to monitor exposure to organophosphorus (OP) and carbamate (CB) insecticides in wild birds. A series of factorial experiments was conducted to assess the extent to which noncontaminant-related environmental conditions might affect brain ChE activity and thereby confound the diagnosis of OP and CB intoxication. Underfeeding (restricting intake to 50% of control for 21 d or fasting for 1–3 d) or exposure to elevated temperature (36 ± 1°C for 1 d) caused only slightreductions (10–17%)in brain AChE activity in adult male Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). This degree of “reduction” in brain AChE activity is considerably less than the 50% “inhibition” criterion employed in the diagnosis of insecticide-induced mortality, but nevertheless approaches the 20% “inhibition” level used as a conservative estimate of sublethal exposure to a known insecticide application.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620010408","usgsCitation":"Rattner, B., 1982, Diagnosis of anticholinesterase poisoning in birds: Effects of environmental temperature and underfeeding on cholinesterase activity: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 1, no. 4, p. 329-335, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620010408.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"329","endPage":"335","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198319,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1982-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667c02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":95843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett A.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":335560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5221770,"text":"5221770 - 1982 - Shotshell and shooter effectiveness: Lead vs. steel shot for duck hunting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:07","indexId":"5221770","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:26","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shotshell and shooter effectiveness: Lead vs. steel shot for duck hunting","docAbstract":"Shooter and shotshell effectiveness were tested during the 1979 waterfowl season at the Schell-Osage Wildlife Management Area (WMA), Missouri. Hunters who participated in the study bagged 1,967 ducks with 10,587 shots. No significant differences in bagging, crippling, or missing rates were measured among 4 Winchester 12 gauge loads: #4 buffered and unbuffered lead and #4 and #2 steel. Shooter effectiveness declined as distance increased. Crippling rates were not influenced by distance. Hunters reported good shotshell performance for all shells but indicated negative attitudes toward steel shot.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Humburg, D., Sheriff, S., Geissler, P., and Roster, T., 1982, Shotshell and shooter effectiveness: Lead vs. steel shot for duck hunting: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 10, no. 2, p. 121-126.","productDescription":"121-126","startPage":"121","endPage":"126","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":18355,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3781729","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":197061,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649d0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Humburg, D.D.","contributorId":87101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Humburg","given":"D.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sheriff, S.L.","contributorId":93155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheriff","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geissler, P.H.","contributorId":24038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissler","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roster, T.","contributorId":81213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roster","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5221754,"text":"5221754 - 1982 - Short-term effects of oil ingestion on American kestrels (Falco sparverius)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-24T12:59:45","indexId":"5221754","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:26","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Short-term effects of oil ingestion on American kestrels (Falco sparverius)","docAbstract":"The Mexican Ixtoc oil well blowout resulted in extensive oil contamination along the Texas Gulf coast. This oil posed a potential hazard to migrating birds including the endangered peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus). Laboratory tests with the American kestrel (Falco sparverius) indicated that the oil: water mixture gathered at the surface of the blowout site posed little acute hazard to falcons.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-18.2.235","usgsCitation":"Pattee, O.H., and Franson, J.C., 1982, Short-term effects of oil ingestion on American kestrels (Falco sparverius): Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 18, no. 2, p. 235-241, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-18.2.235.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"241","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480241,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-18.2.235","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":196929,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d9e4b07f02db5dfd08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pattee, O. H.","contributorId":46459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pattee","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Franson, J. C. 0000-0002-0251-4238","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":99071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223646,"text":"5223646 - 1982 - A rapid field techniques for preparing ant chromosomes for karyotypic analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-15T15:06:47.147634","indexId":"5223646","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:26","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3468,"text":"Stain Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A rapid field techniques for preparing ant chromosomes for karyotypic analysis","docAbstract":"This technique for chromosomal preparation of ant tissues for karyotypic analysis is advantageous under field conditions because it reduces processing time and can be used under humid conditions. The cerebral ganglia from prepupae or early pupae are incubated 20 minutes in a hypotonic citrate solution, minced in a fixative solution of 3:3:4 glacial acetic acid: absolute methanol: distilled HOH, rinsed in a fixative solution of 1:1 glacial acetic acid: methanol followed by Carnoy's fixative, then immediately flame dried. The resulting metaphase chromosomes are well spaced and usually show banding characteristics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.3109/10520298209066535","usgsCitation":"Mehlhop, P., and Gardner, A.L., 1982, A rapid field techniques for preparing ant chromosomes for karyotypic analysis: Stain Technology, v. 57, p. 99-101, https://doi.org/10.3109/10520298209066535.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"101","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199808,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8743","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mehlhop, Patricia","contributorId":67046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehlhop","given":"Patricia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, A. L.","contributorId":97213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"A.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223718,"text":"5223718 - 1982 - Sea turtle distribution along the boundary of the Gulf Stream current off eastern Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:42","indexId":"5223718","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:26","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1892,"text":"Herpetologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sea turtle distribution along the boundary of the Gulf Stream current off eastern Florida","docAbstract":" Aerial surveys, out to 222 km off the east coast of central Florida during August 1980, revealed that marine turtles were distributed in a narrow zone west of the Gulf Stream. Of 255 loggerhead turtles, Caretta caretta, only three were observed east of the western boundary of the Gulf Stream. Radiometric thermometry revealed that the waters occupied by most Caretta were markedly cooler than the nearby waters of the Gulf Stream. Of 18 leatherback turtles, Dermochelys coriacea, all were seen west of the Gulf Stream in waters less than 70 m in depth. Marine turtles off eastern Florida are confined seasonally to nearshore waters west of the Gulf Stream. The records of Dermochelys in nearshore waters are in contrast with a deep water oceanic ecology often hypothesized for this species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetologica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, W., and Fritts, T.H., 1982, Sea turtle distribution along the boundary of the Gulf Stream current off eastern Florida: Herpetologica, v. 38, no. 3, p. 405-409.","productDescription":"405-409","startPage":"405","endPage":"409","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":18353,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3892424","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":199956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc616","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, W.","contributorId":50245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fritts, T. H.","contributorId":40147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritts","given":"T.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223716,"text":"5223716 - 1982 - Diurnal nesting of marine turtles in southern Brevard County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-10T16:55:58.096072","indexId":"5223716","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:23","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diurnal nesting of marine turtles in southern Brevard County, Florida","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","doi":"10.2307/1563910","usgsCitation":"Fritts, T.H., and Hoffman, W., 1982, Diurnal nesting of marine turtles in southern Brevard County, Florida: Journal of Herpetology, v. 16, no. 1, p. 84-86, https://doi.org/10.2307/1563910.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"84","endPage":"86","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199820,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63d902","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fritts, T. H.","contributorId":40147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritts","given":"T.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, W.","contributorId":50245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223715,"text":"5223715 - 1982 - Plastic bags in the intestinal tracts of leatherback marine turtles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:37","indexId":"5223715","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:23","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plastic bags in the intestinal tracts of leatherback marine turtles","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetological Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Fritts, T.H., 1982, Plastic bags in the intestinal tracts of leatherback marine turtles: Herpetological Review, v. 13, no. 3, p. 72-73.","productDescription":"72-73","startPage":"72","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199819,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684f9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fritts, T. H.","contributorId":40147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritts","given":"T.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5222114,"text":"5222114 - 1982 - Responses of the iguanid lizard Anolis carolinensis to four organophosphorus pesticides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-02T11:14:52.733261","indexId":"5222114","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:23","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1556,"text":"Environmental Pollution (Series A)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Responses of the iguanid lizard Anolis carolinensis to four organophosphorus pesticides","title":"Responses of the iguanid lizard Anolis carolinensis to four organophosphorus pesticides","docAbstract":"Dose related mortality and cholinesterase effects of parathion, methyl parathion, azinphos-methyl and malathion on Anolis carolinensis were investigated. The comparative effects of the four compounds on fish, birds and mammals are well known, but the effects of organophosphates on reptiles have not been studied critically. Sensitivity and patterns of mortality from exposure to the pesticides resemble those of birds and mammals rather than those of other poikilothermic vertebrates. Possible symptoms of epinephrine accumulation were observed in exposed animals; this side effect is consistent with the known mechanisms of the pesticides. Our findings indicate that brain cholinesterase activity is related to dose, that 50% inhibition of cholinesterase is associated with death and that 40% inhibition indicates sublethal exposure. Anolis lizards are frequently exposed to pesticides in the field and they may be useful in monitoring the hazards posed to a variety of wildlife species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0143-1471(82)90044-7","usgsCitation":"Hall, R., and Clark, D.R., 1982, Responses of the iguanid lizard Anolis carolinensis to four organophosphorus pesticides: Environmental Pollution (Series A), v. 28, no. 1, p. 45-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-1471(82)90044-7.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"52","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197905,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db6283a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, R.J.","contributorId":32885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, D. R. Jr.","contributorId":40928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"D.","suffix":"Jr.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221785,"text":"5221785 - 1982 - Fall and winter homesite use by wolves in northeastern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-15T01:19:25.502508","indexId":"5221785","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:23","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fall and winter homesite use by wolves in northeastern Minnesota","docAbstract":"Post-abandonment homesite use by wolves (Canis lupus) was studied by radio-tracking and simulated howling in two packs in Superior National Forest, Minnesota. Pups, yearlings, and adults returned intermittently to former homesites up to four months after abandonment, usually after prolonged separation from the pack in early fall. Returns sometimes exceeded one week. Preferred summer homesites were revisited most frequently. Visits declined as the season progressed either because attempts to relocate the pack were not facilitated, or simply because separations became rare. While temporarily at homesites, single wolves replied significantly more to simulated howling than when anywhere else, suggesting that homesites may provide reassurance for separated wolves.","language":"English","publisher":"Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club","usgsCitation":"Harrington, F., and Mech, L., 1982, Fall and winter homesite use by wolves in northeastern Minnesota: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 96, no. 1, p. 79-84.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"84","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422581,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/354767"},{"id":196978,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df472","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harrington, F.H.","contributorId":14524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrington","given":"F.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222115,"text":"5222115 - 1982 - Records of redhead x canvasback hybrids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:50","indexId":"5222115","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:23","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Records of redhead x canvasback hybrids","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Haramis, G., 1982, Records of redhead x canvasback hybrids: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 94, no. 4, p. 599-602.","productDescription":"599-602","startPage":"599","endPage":"602","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18296,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Wilson/v094n04/p0599-p0602.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"94","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db6355a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haramis, G.M.","contributorId":101212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haramis","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":335550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5223717,"text":"5223717 - 1982 - Status of sea turtle nesting in southern Baja California, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:42","indexId":"5223717","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:23","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1136,"text":"Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status of sea turtle nesting in southern Baja California, Mexico","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Fritts, T.H., Stinson, M., and Marquez M., R., 1982, Status of sea turtle nesting in southern Baja California, Mexico: Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, v. 81, no. 2, p. 51-60.","productDescription":"51-60","startPage":"51","endPage":"60","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199955,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de6a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fritts, T. 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In California, specimens tend to have continuous transverse bars on the body, are lighter in color, and more slender in body form than in southern Baja California. California populations appear to be confined to extremely rocky habitats in desert foothill situations between 200 and 600 m. The species appears to be secretive, and occurs in low densities within rock crevices and subterranean cavities. The morphological gap between Anarbylus and Coleonyx species may not warrant generic recognition. Anarbylus is part of a diverse lizard fauna in southern California and occurs in sympatry with 15 lizard species in a small area of southern California.","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","doi":"10.2307/1563903","usgsCitation":"Fritts, T.H., Snell, H., and Martin, R., 1982, Anarbylus switaki Murphy: An addition to the herpetofauna of the United States with comments on relationships with Coleonyx: Journal of Herpetology, v. 16, no. 1, p. 39-52, https://doi.org/10.2307/1563903.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200341,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c40f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fritts, T. H.","contributorId":40147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritts","given":"T.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snell, H.L.","contributorId":49314,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snell","given":"H.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, R.L.","contributorId":85296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}