Peak floodflows from thousands of observation sites within the conterminous United States were studied to provide a guide for estimating potential maximum floodflows. Data were selected from 883 sites with drainage areas of less than 10,000 square miles (25,900 square kilometers) and were grouped into regional sets. Outstanding floods for each region were plotted on graphs, and envelope curves were computed that offer reasonable limits for estimates of maximum floods. The curves indicate that floods may occur that are two to three times greater than those known for most streams.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1887","usgsCitation":"Crippen, J.R., and Bue, C.D., 1977, Maximum floodflows in the conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1887, iv, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1887.","productDescription":"iv, 52 p.","numberOfPages":"56","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265375,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1887/report.pdf"},{"id":137982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1887/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db610106","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crippen, John R.","contributorId":13208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crippen","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bue, Conrad D.","contributorId":76716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bue","given":"Conrad","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9078,"text":"ofr77543 - 1977 - Spectrographic analyses of heavy-mineral concentrate samples and chemical analyses of organic samples from Chandalar Quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:22","indexId":"ofr77543","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-543","title":"Spectrographic analyses of heavy-mineral concentrate samples and chemical analyses of organic samples from Chandalar Quadrangle, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr77543","usgsCitation":"Detra, D., Smith, S., Risoli, D., and Day, G., 1977, Spectrographic analyses of heavy-mineral concentrate samples and chemical analyses of organic samples from Chandalar Quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-543, 151 leaves :ill. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77543.","productDescription":"151 leaves :ill. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0543/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":36705,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0543/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634e6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Detra, D.E.","contributorId":72358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detra","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, S.C.","contributorId":16833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Risoli, D. A.","contributorId":48156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risoli","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Day, G.W.","contributorId":63363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":9885,"text":"ofr77707 - 1977 - Digital processing of a 24 channel, single-fold seismic reflection line from Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:11","indexId":"ofr77707","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-707","title":"Digital processing of a 24 channel, single-fold seismic reflection line from Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr77707","usgsCitation":"Kososki, B.A., and Anderson, R.C., 1977, Digital processing of a 24 channel, single-fold seismic reflection line from Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-707, 7 leaves :1 fold. ill. (in pocket) ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77707.","productDescription":"7 leaves :1 fold. ill. (in pocket) ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":140970,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0707/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37679,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0707/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37680,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0707/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65a97d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kososki, B. A.","contributorId":85182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kososki","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Robert C.","contributorId":97899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":8233,"text":"ofr77429 - 1977 - South Carolina seismological data report, May 1974 - June 1975","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:06","indexId":"ofr77429","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-429","title":"South Carolina seismological data report, May 1974 - June 1975","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr77429","usgsCitation":"Carver, D.L., Turner, L.M., and Tarr, A.C., 1977, South Carolina seismological data report, May 1974 - June 1975: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-429, 66 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77429.","productDescription":"66 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e74db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carver, David L.","contributorId":56644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carver","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turner, Lana M.","contributorId":89890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Lana","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tarr, Arthur C. atarr@usgs.gov","contributorId":1925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarr","given":"Arthur","email":"atarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":157390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":11778,"text":"ofr77272 - 1977 - Reconnaissance engineering geology of the Metlakatla area, Annette Island, Alaska, with emphasis on evaluation of earthquakes and other geologic hazards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:34","indexId":"ofr77272","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-272","title":"Reconnaissance engineering geology of the Metlakatla area, Annette Island, Alaska, with emphasis on evaluation of earthquakes and other geologic hazards","docAbstract":"A program to study the engineering geology of most larger Alaska coastal communities and to evaluate their earthquake and other geologic hazards was started following the 1964 Alaska earthquake; this report about the Metlakatla area, Annette Island, is a product of that program. Field-study methods were of a reconnaissance nature, and thus the interpretations in the report are tentative. \r\n\r\nLandscape of the Metlakatla Peninsula, on which the city of Metlakatla is located, is characterized by a muskeg-covered terrane of very low relief. In contrast, most of the rest of Annette Island is composed of mountainous terrane with steep valleys and numerous lakes. During the Pleistocene Epoch the Metlakatla area was presumably covered by ice several times; glaciers smoothed the present Metlakatla Peninsula and deeply eroded valleys on the rest. of Annette Island. The last major deglaciation was completed probably before 10,000 years ago. Rebound of the earth's crust, believed to be related to glacial melting, has caused land emergence at Metlakatla of at least 50 ft (15 m) and probably more than 200 ft (61 m) relative to present sea level.\r\n\r\nBedrock in the Metlakatla area is composed chiefly of hard metamorphic rocks: greenschist and greenstone with minor hornfels and schist. Strike and dip of beds are generally variable and minor offsets are common. Bedrock is of late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic age. Six types of surficial geologic materials of Quaternary age were recognized: firm diamicton, emerged shore, modern shore and delta, and alluvial deposits, very soft muskeg and other organic deposits, and firm to soft artificial fill. A combination map unit is composed of bedrock or diamicton. Geologic structure in southeastern Alaska is complex because, since at least early Paleozoic time, there have been several cycles of tectonic deformation that affected different parts of the region. Southeastern Alaska is transected by numerous faults and possible faults that attest to major movements of the earth's crust. The latest of the major tectonic events in the Metlakatla region occurred in middle Tertiary time; some minor fault activity probably continues today at depth. Along the outer coast of southeastern Alaska and British Columbia, major faulting activity occurs in the form of active, strike-slip movement along the Queen Charlotte fault about 100 mi (160 kin) west-southwest of Metlakatla. Some branching subsidiary faults also may be active, at least one of which may be the Sandspit fault. \r\n\r\nMany major and smaller earthquakes occur along the outer coast. These shocks are related to movements along the Queen Charlotte fault. A few small earthquakes occur in the region between the outer coast and the Coast Mountains, which includes Metlakatla. 0nly a few earthquakes have been reported as felt at Metlakatla; these shocks and others felt in the region are tabulated. Historically, the closest major earthquake was the magnitude 8.1 Queen Charlotte Islands earthquake of August 22, 1949, which occurred along the Queen Charlotte fault 125 mi (200 km) southwest of Metlakatla. No damage was reported at Metlakatla. The probability of destructive earthquakes affecting Metlakatla is unknown. A consideration of the tectonics and earthquake history of the region, however, suggests that sometime in the future an earthquake with a magnitude of about 8 will occur along that segment of the Queen Charlotte fault nearest to Metlakatla. Smaller earthquakes with magnitudes of 6 or more might occur elsewhere in the Metlakatla region or south-southeastward near Dixon Entrance or Hecate Strait. \r\n\r\nSeveral geologic effects that have characterized large earthquakes elsewh6re may be expected to accompany some of the possible major earthquakes that might affect the Metlakatla area in the future. Evaluation of effects indicates that fault displacement and tectonic uplift or subsidence are probably unlikely, and ground shaking in general probably would be strongest","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr77272","usgsCitation":"Yehle, L.A., 1977, Reconnaissance engineering geology of the Metlakatla area, Annette Island, Alaska, with emphasis on evaluation of earthquakes and other geologic hazards: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-272, iv, 93 p. :maps (4 fold.) ;28 cm.; (2 sheets, scale 1:9,600; 2 sheets, scale 1:25,000 - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77272.","productDescription":"iv, 93 p. :maps (4 fold.) ;28 cm.; (2 sheets, scale 1:9,600; 2 sheets, scale 1:25,000 - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95023,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0272/plate-01.pdf","size":"494","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95024,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0272/plate-02.pdf","size":"674","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95025,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0272/plate-03.pdf","size":"542","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95026,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0272/plate-04.pdf","size":"906","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95027,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0272/plate-05.pdf","size":"1561","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95028,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0272/plate-06.pdf","size":"441","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95029,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0272/plate-07.pdf","size":"542","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95030,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0272/plate-08.pdf","size":"305","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95031,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0272/plate-09.pdf","size":"285","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95032,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0272/plate-10.pdf","size":"224","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0272/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39664,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0272/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"9600","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db6442c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yehle, Lynn A. yehle@usgs.gov","contributorId":3794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yehle","given":"Lynn","email":"yehle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":163717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":40359,"text":"ofr77378 - 1977 - Coal sections of holes drilled in the lower White River coal field, Moffat and Rio Blanco counties, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:49","indexId":"ofr77378","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-378","title":"Coal sections of holes drilled in the lower White River coal field, Moffat and Rio Blanco counties, Colorado","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr77378","usgsCitation":"Barnum, B.E., Garrigues, R., and Dyer, L., 1977, Coal sections of holes drilled in the lower White River coal field, Moffat and Rio Blanco counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-378, 1 map., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77378.","productDescription":"1 map.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":171851,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":73291,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0378/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aed4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnum, Bruce E.","contributorId":97996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnum","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garrigues, R.S.","contributorId":15606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrigues","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dyer, L.E.","contributorId":82581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyer","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":8029,"text":"ofr77194 - 1977 - Water-quality monitoring of Lakes Faith, Hope, Charity, and Lucien at Maitland, Florida: April 25 to August 25, 1976","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:06","indexId":"ofr77194","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-194","title":"Water-quality monitoring of Lakes Faith, Hope, Charity, and Lucien at Maitland, Florida: April 25 to August 25, 1976","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr77194","usgsCitation":"Bradner, L.A., 1977, Water-quality monitoring of Lakes Faith, Hope, Charity, and Lucien at Maitland, Florida: April 25 to August 25, 1976: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-194, iv, 26 leaves :ill., fold. map ;29 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77194.","productDescription":"iv, 26 leaves :ill., fold. map ;29 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e5431","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradner, L. A.","contributorId":21925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradner","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":7659,"text":"ofr77489 - 1977 - A preliminary bibliography for the Clear Lake-Geysers area, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:08","indexId":"ofr77489","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-489","title":"A preliminary bibliography for the Clear Lake-Geysers area, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr77489","usgsCitation":"Adam, D.P., 1977, A preliminary bibliography for the Clear Lake-Geysers area, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-489, 36 leaves ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77489.","productDescription":"36 leaves ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141488,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0489/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":35135,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0489/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6aaef4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adam, David P.","contributorId":36132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adam","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":8549,"text":"ofr77606 - 1977 - Helium sniffer field test: Roosevelt Hot Springs, Utah, October 1975 and March 1976","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:15","indexId":"ofr77606","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-606","title":"Helium sniffer field test: Roosevelt Hot Springs, Utah, October 1975 and March 1976","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr77606","usgsCitation":"Denton, E., 1977, Helium sniffer field test: Roosevelt Hot Springs, Utah, October 1975 and March 1976: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-606, 7 leaves :ill., maps ;28 cm.; (6 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77606.","productDescription":"7 leaves :ill., maps ;28 cm.; (6 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141740,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0606/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":36119,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0606/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635d5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Denton, E.H.","contributorId":75144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denton","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10478,"text":"ofr77592 - 1977 - Geology of the Midnite uranium mine area, Washington — Maps, description, and interpretation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-08T22:09:56.728257","indexId":"ofr77592","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-592","title":"Geology of the Midnite uranium mine area, Washington — Maps, description, and interpretation","docAbstract":"Bedrock geology of about 12 km2 near the Midnite mine has been mapped at the surface, in mine exposures, and from drilling, at scales from 1:600 to 1:12,000 and is presented here at 1:12,000 to provide description of the setting of uranium deposits. Oldest rocks in the area are metapelitic and metacarbonate rocks of the Precambrian (Y) Togo Formation. The chief host for uranium deposits is graphitic and pyritic mica phyllite and muscovite schist. Ore also occurs in calc-silicate hornfels and marble at the western edge of a calcareous section about 1,150 m thick. Calcareous rocks of the Togo are probably older than the pelitic as they are interpreted to be near the axis of a broad anticline. The composition and structural position of the calcareous unit suggests correlation with less metamorphosed carbonate-bearing rocks of the Lower Wallace Formation, Belt Supergroup, about 200 km to the east. Basic sills intrusive into the Togo have been metamorphosed to amphibolite.
Unmetamorphosed rocks in the mine area are Cretaceous(?) and Eocene igneous rocks. Porphyritic quartz monzonite of Cretaceous age, part of the Loon Lake batholith, is exposed over one third of the mine area. It underlies the roof pendant of Precambrian rocks in which the Midnite mine occurs at depths of generally less than 300 m. The pluton is a two-mica granite and exhibits pegmatitic and aplitic textural features indicative of water saturation and pressure quenching. Eocene intrusive and extrusive rocks in the area provide evidence that the Eocene surface was only a short distance above the present uranium deposits.
Speculative hypotheses are presented for penesyngenetic, hydrothermal, and supergene modes of uranium emplacement. The Precambrian Stratigraphy, similar in age and pre-metamorphic lithology to that of rocks hosting large uranium deposits in Saskatchewan and Northern Territory, Australia, suggests the possibility of uranium accumulation along with diagenetic pyrite in carbonaceous muds in a marine shelf environment. This hypothesis is not favored by the author because there is no evidence for stratabound uranium such as high regional radioactivity in the Togo. A hydrothermal mode of uranium emplacement is supported by the close apparent ages of mineralization and plutonism, and by petrology of the pluton. I speculate that uranium may have become enriched in postmagmatic fluids at the top of the pluton, possibly by hydrothermal leaching of soluble uranium associated with magnetite, and diffused outward into metasedimentary wall rocks to create an aureole about 100 m thick containing about 100 ppm uranium. Chemistry of the hydrothermal process is not understood, but uranium does not appear to have been transported by an oxidizing fluid, and the fluid did not produce veining and alteration comparable to that of base-metal sulfide deposits. Uranium in the low-grade protore is believed to have been redistributed into permeable zones in the Tertiary to create ore grades. Geologic and isotopic ages of uranium mineralization, and the small volume of porphyritic quartz monzonite available for leaching, are not supportive of supergene emplacement of uranium.
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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr77595","usgsCitation":"Morgan, J.O., and McCord, J.R., 1977, Handling and reproduction of Landsat imagery with special reference to Thailand: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-595, v, 50 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77595.","productDescription":"v, 50 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":143838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a57a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morgan, Joseph O.","contributorId":27457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCord, James R.","contributorId":17998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCord","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":11302,"text":"ofr77646 - 1977 - Stream reaches in the conterminous United States where dependable flows of 300 cubic feet per second are available or could be provided","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:21","indexId":"ofr77646","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-646","title":"Stream reaches in the conterminous United States where dependable flows of 300 cubic feet per second are available or could be provided","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr77646","usgsCitation":"Stankowski, S.J., Limerinos, J.T., and Buell, S.E., 1977, Stream reaches in the conterminous United States where dependable flows of 300 cubic feet per second are available or could be provided: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-646, 86 leaves in various foliations :maps ;27 cm.; (83 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77646.","productDescription":"86 leaves in various foliations :maps ;27 cm.; (83 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a5129","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stankowski, Stephen J.","contributorId":31389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stankowski","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Limerinos, John Thomas","contributorId":102055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Limerinos","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buell, S. Eugene","contributorId":90732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buell","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Eugene","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":8079,"text":"ofr77215 - 1977 - The volumetric properties of vapor-saturated aqueous HCl solutions from 0 degrees to 100 degrees C, vapor-saturated aqueous FeCl2 solutions at 15 degrees and 18 degrees C, and vapor-saturated aqueous FeCl3 from 0 degrees to 35 degrees C based on a regression of the available literature data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:07","indexId":"ofr77215","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-215","title":"The volumetric properties of vapor-saturated aqueous HCl solutions from 0 degrees to 100 degrees C, vapor-saturated aqueous FeCl2 solutions at 15 degrees and 18 degrees C, and vapor-saturated aqueous FeCl3 from 0 degrees to 35 degrees C based on a regression of the available literature data","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr77215","usgsCitation":"Brown, D.L., and Potter, R., 1977, The volumetric properties of vapor-saturated aqueous HCl solutions from 0 degrees to 100 degrees C, vapor-saturated aqueous FeCl2 solutions at 15 degrees and 18 degrees C, and vapor-saturated aqueous FeCl3 from 0 degrees to 35 degrees C based on a regression of the available literature data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-215, 4, [9] leaves ;28 cm.; (13 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77215.","productDescription":"4, [9] leaves ;28 cm.; (13 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141463,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0215/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":35684,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0215/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62ef9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, David L.","contributorId":55425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Potter, Robert W.","contributorId":27045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"Robert W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9969,"text":"ofr7741 - 1977 - Geophysical logs of test holes from the Henry Mountains coal field, Garfield and Wayne counties, southeastern Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:19","indexId":"ofr7741","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-41","title":"Geophysical logs of test holes from the Henry Mountains coal field, Garfield and Wayne counties, southeastern Utah","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr7741","usgsCitation":"Law, B.E., 1977, Geophysical logs of test holes from the Henry Mountains coal field, Garfield and Wayne counties, southeastern Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-41, ii, 4 leaves :49 fold. ill. (in pocket), fold map ;30 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7741.","productDescription":"ii, 4 leaves :49 fold. ill. (in pocket), fold map ;30 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0041/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37769,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0041/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bc89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Law, B. E.","contributorId":17586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Law","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9383,"text":"ofr77622 - 1977 - Working drawings of a Kirk shear wave source","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-30T15:57:51.319986","indexId":"ofr77622","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-622","title":"Working drawings of a Kirk shear wave source","docAbstract":"The Kirk Shear Wave Source is a portable device for imparting seismic shear-wave energy into the ground.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr77622","usgsCitation":"Hasbrouck, W.P., 1977, Working drawings of a Kirk shear wave source: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-622, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77622.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":431620,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0622/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142737,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0622/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de84a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hasbrouck, Wilfred P.","contributorId":9258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hasbrouck","given":"Wilfred","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":18258,"text":"ofr78200 - 1977 - Quality of rivers of the United States, 1975 water year; based on the National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-02T15:19:36","indexId":"ofr78200","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-200","title":"Quality of rivers of the United States, 1975 water year; based on the National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN)","docAbstract":"The National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) was established by the U.S. Geological Survey to provide a nationally uniform basis for continuously assessing the quality of U.S. rivers. Stations generally are at the downstream end of hydrologic accounting units in order to measure the quantity and quality of water flowing from the units. The 1975 water year was the first year of operation of the network that represents essentially all of the accounting units and thereby describes the water- quality of the entire country. Data are available on a large number of water-quality constituents measured at 345 stations during the 1975 water year.
Temperature data (usually continuous or daily measurements) from NASQAN stations were fitted to a first order harmonic equation and the parameters for the harmonic function are reported for each station. Mean temperatures generally range from 5°-10°C in the North to more than 20°C along the southern border of the continental United States and in Hawaii and Puerto Rico; means were less than 10°C at 63 stations and greater than 25°C at only 7 stations. Amplitudes of the temperature curves are greatest (greater than 12°C) for the streams at midlatitudes and in the Great and Central Plains, and they are smallest for the subtropical and cold-climate streams.
Considering chemical and biological characteristics of U.S. streams as described by NASQAN data, water quality is best (by many standards) in the Northeast, Southeast, and Northwest. Waters there generally are low in dissolved solids and major and minor chemical constituents, generally are soft (except in Florida), and carry relatively small amounts of sediment. These conditions mainly reflect the geology of the regions and the relatively large amounts of precipitation. However, many of these waters show the effects of pollution and carry moderate or high levels of major nutrients and have correspondingly high populations of attached and floating plants. High counts of indicator bacteria also show signs of local pollution, particularly in regions of the country with large human and animal populations. In the Northeast, some heavy metals are at moderate levels, but not above most water-quality criteria.
Rivers of most of the Mid-Continent and Southwest reflect the arid or semi-arid climate, erodible soils, and agricultural activities. They are characterized by moderate to high levels of dissolved major and minor constituents, sediment, major nutrients, and biota (floating and attached aquatic plants and indicator bacteria). In addition, the most incidences of pesticides in stream and bottom sediments were found in these regions.
A special analysis was made to study the patterns of dissolved solids, major nutrients, phytoplankton, and zinc in the Mississippi River above Memphis, Tennessee. It was found that flow volume is an important factor in influencing river quality, and that stations with low concentration of major nutrients generally had low phytoplankton populations as well.
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map.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":171295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0547/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":83311,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0547/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":83312,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0547/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8625","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bateman, Andrew F. Jr.","contributorId":46916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bateman","given":"Andrew","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":233071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shoaff, L. A.","contributorId":48624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoaff","given":"L. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":233072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flot, Terry R.","contributorId":14028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flot","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":233070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":46176,"text":"ofr77627 - 1977 - Leasable mineral and waterpower land classification map of the Delta Quadrangle, Utah","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":46176,"text":"ofr77627 - 1977 - Leasable mineral and waterpower land classification map of the Delta Quadrangle, Utah","indexId":"ofr77627","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Leasable mineral and waterpower land classification map of the Delta Quadrangle, Utah"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":69610,"text":"i1228 - 1980 - Leasable mineral and waterpower land classification map of the Delta 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah: Lands withdrawn, classified, and prospectively valuable for leasable minerals; occurrences of other selected minerals; and lands withdrawn or classified for waterpower and reservoir sites","indexId":"i1228","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Leasable mineral and waterpower land classification map of the Delta 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah: Lands withdrawn, classified, and prospectively valuable for leasable minerals; occurrences of other selected minerals; and lands withdrawn or classified for waterpower and reservoir sites"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":69610,"text":"i1228 - 1980 - Leasable mineral and waterpower land classification map of the Delta 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah: Lands withdrawn, classified, and prospectively valuable for leasable minerals; occurrences of other selected minerals; and lands withdrawn or classified for waterpower and reservoir sites","indexId":"i1228","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Leasable mineral and waterpower land classification map of the Delta 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah: Lands withdrawn, classified, and prospectively valuable for leasable minerals; occurrences of other selected minerals; and lands withdrawn or classified for waterpower and reservoir sites"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:38","indexId":"ofr77627","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-627","title":"Leasable mineral and waterpower land classification map of the Delta Quadrangle, Utah","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr77627","usgsCitation":"Pera, E.M., Smedley, J.E., and Burns, W., 1977, Leasable mineral and waterpower land classification map of the Delta Quadrangle, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-627, 1 map., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77627.","productDescription":"1 map.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172873,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"250000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a82d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pera, Eileen M.","contributorId":55488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pera","given":"Eileen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":232759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smedley, J. E.","contributorId":74430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smedley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":232760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burns, W.F.","contributorId":24418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":232758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":11436,"text":"ofr77630 - 1977 - Reconnaissance geologic study of the Vazante zinc district, Minas Gerais, Brazil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:29","indexId":"ofr77630","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-630","title":"Reconnaissance geologic study of the Vazante zinc district, Minas Gerais, Brazil","docAbstract":"The Vazante district, Minas Gerais, 130 km south of Paracatu, produces nearly all of Brazil's zinc metal. The district is situated on the western side of the Late Precambrian Bambul basin and along the eastern and leading edge of the north-trending Brazilian orogenic belt (ca. 600-500 m.y. old) that borders the western margin of the basin. Reconnaissance study indicates that bedding and low-angle thrust faulting, folding, and low-grade metamorphism dominated the structural development of the district. The structural trend within the district is northeasterly, and dips 20?-45 ? NW. Three sets of folds developed during the main period of eastward thrusting of older Precambrian rocks over the western margin of the Bambui basin. A fourth fold set is transverse to the regional trend. \r\n\r\nThe rocks in the district are tentatively assigned to the Paraopeba Formation of the Bambui Group and are designated A through C in ascending order. Unit A is phyllite to phyllitic siltstone. Unit B consists of interbedded dolomitic limestone and marl-limestone. Irregularly distributed limestone ledges 20 to 100 m thick have the appearance of boudins. Their origin is attributed to a combination of rapid lateral facies changes and differential movement at different structural levels along bedding and low-angle thrust faults, with the formation of tear faults vertically limited by the thrust faults. Unit C consists of interbedded siltstone, dolomitic limestone, and sandstone. Phyllitic rocks along member interfaces in units B and C and at the base of unit C indicate differential penetrative deformation and bedding faulting. The contacts between units A, B, and C are interpreted to be low-angle or bedding faults, and their original stratigraphic positions with respect to each other is unknown. Zinc silicate minerals (hemimorphite and willemite) occur in a folded breccia zone in the lower part of unit B. The breccia zone is interpreted to be tectonic in origin, having formed along the step of a step-bedding-plane fault during the Brazilian orogeny. The zinc is probably syngenetic, and ore deposition in the breccia may have occurred during Brazilian time. Broad uplift and deep weathering of the region took place during late Mesozoic and Cenozoic time. Reserves may be as high as 3 million tons of zinc metal.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr77630","usgsCitation":"Thorman, C.H., and Nahass, S., 1977, Reconnaissance geologic study of the Vazante zinc district, Minas Gerais, Brazil: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-630, ii, 28 p. :ill. (1 fold. in envelope), maps (1 fold. in envelope) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77630.","productDescription":"ii, 28 p. :ill. (1 fold. in envelope), maps (1 fold. in envelope) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144160,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0630/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39282,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0630/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39283,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0630/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39284,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0630/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a70e4b07f02db64109d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorman, Charles H. cthorman@usgs.gov","contributorId":254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thorman","given":"Charles","email":"cthorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":7065,"text":"USGS emeritus","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":163138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nahass, Samir","contributorId":64262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nahass","given":"Samir","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":10995,"text":"ofr77767 - 1977 - Prediction of displacements and tilts in response to vertical movement on a fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:22","indexId":"ofr77767","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-767","title":"Prediction of displacements and tilts in response to vertical movement on a fault","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr77767","usgsCitation":"Savage, W.Z., 1977, Prediction of displacements and tilts in response to vertical movement on a fault: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-767, ii, 16 leaves :ill. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77767.","productDescription":"ii, 16 leaves :ill. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143364,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e7de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, William Z.","contributorId":107686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}