Clinical methods are presented for biological monitoring of hatchery and native fish populations to assess the effects of environmental stress on fish health. The choice of methods is based on the experience of the authors and the judgment of colleagues at fishery laboratories of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Detailed analysis methods, together with guidelines for sample collection and for the interpretation of results, are given for tests on blood (cell counts, chloride, cholesterol, clotting time, cortisol, glucose, hematocrit, hemoglobin, lactic acid, methemoglobin, osmolality, and total protein); water (ammonia and nitrite content); and liver and muscle (glycogen content).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Wedemeyer, G.A., and Yasutake, W.T., 1977, Clinical methods for the assessment of the effects of environmental stress on fish health: Technical Paper 89, 18 p.","productDescription":"18 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161732,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":112285,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.31822006841605?urlappend=%3Bseq=405"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de0b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wedemeyer, Gary A.","contributorId":30668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wedemeyer","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":218380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yasutake, William T.","contributorId":70444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yasutake","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":218381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":36876,"text":"fwsobs77_62 - 1977 - An evaluation of the status, life history, and habitat requirements of endangered and threatened fishes of the Upper Colorado River system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:39","indexId":"fwsobs77_62","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"77/62","title":"An evaluation of the status, life history, and habitat requirements of endangered and threatened fishes of the Upper Colorado River system","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Joseph, T.W., and Sinning, J., 1977, An evaluation of the status, life history, and habitat requirements of endangered and threatened fishes of the Upper Colorado River system: FWS/OBS 77/62, x, 184 p. : ill., map; 27 cm.","productDescription":"x, 184 p. : ill., map; 27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":167309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db684870","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joseph, Timothy W.","contributorId":31037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joseph","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":217108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sinning, J.A.","contributorId":95543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinning","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":217109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":36877,"text":"fwsobs77_63 - 1977 - Development and evaluation of weighted criteria, probability-of-use curves for instream flow assessments: fisheries. IFIP No. 3","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:39","indexId":"fwsobs77_63","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"77/63","title":"Development and evaluation of weighted criteria, probability-of-use curves for instream flow assessments: fisheries. IFIP No. 3","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Bovee, K.D., and Cochnauer, T., 1977, Development and evaluation of weighted criteria, probability-of-use curves for instream flow assessments: fisheries. IFIP No. 3: FWS/OBS 77/63, ix, 39 p. : ill.; 27 cm.","productDescription":"ix, 39 p. : ill.; 27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":167310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db66726c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bovee, Ken D.","contributorId":100447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bovee","given":"Ken","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":217111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochnauer, Tim","contributorId":19998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochnauer","given":"Tim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":217110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":36916,"text":"fwsobs77_48 - 1977 - Interim hierarchical regional classification scheme for coastal ecosystems of the United States and its territories","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:51","indexId":"fwsobs77_48","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"77/48","title":"Interim hierarchical regional classification scheme for coastal ecosystems of the United States and its territories","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Terrell, T., 1977, Interim hierarchical regional classification scheme for coastal ecosystems of the United States and its territories: FWS/OBS 77/48, 38 p.","productDescription":"38 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":164594,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e09f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Terrell, T.T.","contributorId":61871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terrell","given":"T.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":217166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":39610,"text":"pp1018 - 1977 - Characteristics of thin-skinned style of deformation in the southern Appalachians, and potential hydrocarbon traps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-27T07:31:21","indexId":"pp1018","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1018","title":"Characteristics of thin-skinned style of deformation in the southern Appalachians, and potential hydrocarbon traps","docAbstract":"This paper is an attempt to focus attention on the more important characteristics of the thin-skinned style of deformation in the southern Appalachians by presenting a model to illustrate the regional anatomy and to identify likely structures that need additional investigation as possible prospects for hydrocarbon accumulation. Five distinct changes in color of conodonts were utilized to estimate the oil and gas potential of the Southern Appalachians. Refs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/pp1018","usgsCitation":"Harris, L.D., and Milici, R.C., 1977, Characteristics of thin-skinned style of deformation in the southern Appalachians, and potential hydrocarbon traps: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1018, Report: 40 p.; 9 Plates: 29.50 x 29.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1018.","productDescription":"Report: 40 p.; 9 Plates: 29.50 x 29.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":67194,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1018/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67195,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1018/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67196,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1018/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67197,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1018/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67198,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1018/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67199,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1018/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67200,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1018/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67201,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1018/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67202,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1018/plate-9.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67203,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1018/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123255,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1018/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4ee7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, Leonard Dorrean","contributorId":70773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Leonard","email":"","middleInitial":"Dorrean","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Milici, Robert C. rmilici@usgs.gov","contributorId":563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milici","given":"Robert","email":"rmilici@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":221789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":36894,"text":"fwsobs77_34 - 1977 - Annotated bibliography of natural resource information: southern Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:39","indexId":"fwsobs77_34","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"77/34","title":"Annotated bibliography of natural resource information: southern Utah","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Utah Division of Wildlife Resources and Ecology Consultants, I., 1977, Annotated bibliography of natural resource information: southern Utah: FWS/OBS 77/34, 5 v. : maps; 27 cm.","productDescription":"5 v. : maps; 27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":166575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bebb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Utah Division of Wildlife Resources and Ecology Consultants, Inc. (compiler)","contributorId":104551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Utah Division of Wildlife Resources and Ecology Consultants","given":"Inc.","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":217132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":39609,"text":"pp1014 - 1977 - Late Quaternary depositional history, Holocene sea-level changes, and vertical crustal movement, southern San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-28T12:28:32","indexId":"pp1014","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1014","title":"Late Quaternary depositional history, Holocene sea-level changes, and vertical crustal movement, southern San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"Sediments collected for bridge foundation studies at southern San Francisco Bay, Calif., record estuaries that formed during Sangamon (100,000 years ago) and post-Wisconsin (less than 10,000 years ago) high stands of sea level. The estuarine deposits of Sangamon and post-Wisconsin ages are separated by alluvial and eolian deposits and by erosional unconformities and surfaces of nondeposition, features that indicate lowered base levels and oceanward migrations of the shoreline accompanying low stands of the sea. Estuarine deposits of mid-Wisconsin age appear to be absent, suggesting that sea level was not near its present height 30,000–40,000 years ago in central California. Holocene sea-level changes are measured from the elevations and apparent 14C ages of plant remains from 13 core samples. Uncertainties of ±2 to ±4 m in the elevations of the dated sea levels represent the sum of errors in determination of (1) sample elevation relative to present sea level, (2) sample elevation relative to sea level at the time of accumulation of the dated material, and (3) postdepositional subsidence of the sample due to compaction of underlying sediments. Sea level in the vicinity of southern San Francisco Bay rose about 2 cm/yr from 9,500 to 8,000 years ago. The rate of relative sea-level rise then declined about tenfold from 8,000 to 6,000 years ago, and it has averaged 0.1–0.2 cm/yr from 6,000 years ago to the present. This submergence history indicates that the rising sea entered the Golden Gate 10,000–11,000 years ago and spread across land areas as rapidly as 30 m/yr until 8,000 years ago. Subsequent shoreline changes were more gradual because of the decrease in rate of sea-level rise. Some of the sediments under southern San Francisco Bay appear to be below the level at which they initially accumulated. The vertical crustal movement suggested by these sediments may be summarized as follows: (1) Some Quaternary(?) sediments have sustained at least 100 m of tectonic subsidence in less than 1.5 million years (<0.07 mm/yr) relative to the likely elevation of the lowest Pleistocene land surface; (2) the deepest Sangamon estuarine deposits subsided tectonically about 20–40 m in about 0.1 million years (0.2±0.1–0.4±0.1 mm/yr) relative to the assumed initial elevations of the thalwegs buried by these sediments; and (3) Holocene salt-marsh deposits have undergone about 5 m of tectonic and possibly isostatic subsidence in about 6,000 years (0.8±.0.7 mm/yr) relative to elevations which might be expected from eustatic sea-level changes alone.
","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp1014","usgsCitation":"Atwater, B.F., Hedel, C.W., and Helley, E.J., 1977, Late Quaternary depositional history, Holocene sea-level changes, and vertical crustal movement, southern San Francisco Bay, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1014, 15 p.; 1 plate in pocket; PDF Download of Plate 1, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1014.","productDescription":"15 p.; 1 plate in pocket; PDF Download of Plate 1","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":170132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1014.gif"},{"id":257879,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1014/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8b14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Atwater, Brian F. 0000-0003-1155-2815 atwater@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1155-2815","contributorId":3297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwater","given":"Brian","email":"atwater@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":221786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hedel, Charles W.","contributorId":32550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedel","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Helley, Edward J.","contributorId":106463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helley","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":36898,"text":"fwsobs77_38 - 1977 - The Plant Information Network: Vol. I, a user's guide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:39","indexId":"fwsobs77_38","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"77/38","title":"The Plant Information Network: Vol. I, a user's guide","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Vories, K.C., 1977, The Plant Information Network: Vol. I, a user's guide: FWS/OBS 77/38, 4 v. : ill., maps (some in pocket); 27 cm.","productDescription":"4 v. : ill., maps (some in pocket); 27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":166579,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ae1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vories, Kimery C.","contributorId":77581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vories","given":"Kimery","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":217137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38291,"text":"ofr77721A - 1977 - Preliminary report of 1977 coal drilling in eastern Montana and northeastern Wyoming: Geophysical logs for Big Horn, Fallon, and Powder River Counties, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:58","indexId":"ofr77721A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-721","chapter":"A","title":"Preliminary report of 1977 coal drilling in eastern Montana and northeastern Wyoming: Geophysical logs for Big Horn, Fallon, and Powder River Counties, Montana","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"The Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr77721A","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, and Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology, 1977, Preliminary report of 1977 coal drilling in eastern Montana and northeastern Wyoming: Geophysical logs for Big Horn, Fallon, and Powder River Counties, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-721, v. 77pages :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77721A.","productDescription":"v. 77pages :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":165219,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0721a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64664,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0721a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69919d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":529842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology","contributorId":128110,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology","id":529843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":36900,"text":"fwsobs77_41 - 1977 - The Plant Information Network. Vol. IV, a subject guide and annotated bibliography of selected literature on land reclamation in western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:39","indexId":"fwsobs77_41","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"77/41","title":"The Plant Information Network. Vol. IV, a subject guide and annotated bibliography of selected literature on land reclamation in western United States","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Vories, K.C., 1977, The Plant Information Network. Vol. IV, a subject guide and annotated bibliography of selected literature on land reclamation in western United States: FWS/OBS 77/41, 4 v. : ill., maps (some in pocket); 27 cm.","productDescription":"4 v. : ill., maps (some in pocket); 27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":166581,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ae12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vories, Kimery C.","contributorId":77581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vories","given":"Kimery","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":217139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":36911,"text":"fwsobs77_21 - 1977 - User needs assessment for an operational geographic information system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:52","indexId":"fwsobs77_21","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"77/21","title":"User needs assessment for an operational geographic information system","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Salmen, L., 1977, User needs assessment for an operational geographic information system: FWS/OBS 77/21, ix, 79 p. : ill.; 27 cm.","productDescription":"ix, 79 p. : ill.; 27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":166811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db6040cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Salmen, Larry","contributorId":27911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salmen","given":"Larry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":217158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":37229,"text":"rp130 - 1977 - Population ecology of the mallard: IV. A review of duck hunting regulations, activity, and success, with special reference to the mallard","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-10T14:08:06","indexId":"rp130","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":79,"text":"Resource Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"130","title":"Population ecology of the mallard: IV. A review of duck hunting regulations, activity, and success, with special reference to the mallard","docAbstract":"This, the fourth in a series of reports on the mallard, (Anas platyrhynchos), deals at length with the harvest of mallards by waterfowl hunters. Long-term summaries of duck hunting regulations (1948- 1974), Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp sales (1934-1974), Hunter Questionnaire (1952-1974), Duck Wing Collection (1960-1974), and Hunter Performance (1965-1972) Survey data for the United States are presented and discussed. Similar data from Canada are also summarized. Mallard harvest figures for 1961-1974 are presented by Mallard Harvest Area, of which 100 are defined for the United States and 14 for Canada, as well as by State or Province and flyway.
During the 23-year period beginning in 1952, an average of 1.6 million adult and 0.2 million junior waterfowl hunters accumulated almost 12.3 million hunter-days of recreation and a harvest of 11.2 million ducks each year. Hunter reports indicate that mallards made up about 43% (5.5 million annually) of the ducks taken before 1960, when mallard regulations were less restrictive; the Duck Wing Survey indicates that mallards have made up 33% of the harvest (3.6 million annually) since 1960. The age and sex compositions and the chronological distribution of the mallard harvest are examined in detail. Among the patterns noted are peak harvests during the first few days of the season in many States, alternately increasing and decreasing annual age ratios, and sex ratios that suggest differential migration of adult drakes and hunter selectivity for males. It is estimated that almost 19% of the ducks shot down are not retrieved.
Relationships between duck hunting regulations and hunter behavior are examined briefly. Hunter compliance with mallard bag limits, hunter selectivity of mallards by sex, and, to a lesser extent, the size of the unretrieved kill are all sensitive to the particular bag limit regulations in effect. Survey data are also examined for relationships between harvest and various hunting regulations: starting time and day of the week for opening day, opening date, season length, split seasons, daily shooting hours, and daily bag limits. Tables are presented relating changes in duck and mallard harvests to season length and bag limit, and examples of what effects changes in other regulations have on harvest are also given.
The evaluation of bag limit regulations, one of the most important tools used in managing harvest, is carried a step further with the development of a procedure for calculating expected hunter success under a wide variety of bag limit regulations. This method appears promising for evaluating point-limit as well as fixed-limit regulations. In addition, it may provide useful measurements of the degree of hunter selectivity induced by various types of bag limit regulations, an increasingly important aspect of harvest management. Finally, this study clearly demonstrates that the effects of a particular regulation can differ dramatically from area to area, so it is usually necessary to evaluate each proposal on a State-by-State basis.
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In general, only articles dealing primarily with the avian disease are included, as opposed to those concerned with various aspects of the biology of Clostridium botulinum, either type C or type E. A few exceptions, such as Bengton’s report of the first isolation and description of the type C organism, are included for their historical interest. Progress reports and other administrative documents not available for distribution or request are excluded, as are textbook accounts, which are generally summaries of work published elsewhere.
Although Mr. Allen and Mrs. Wilson have attempted to list every important reference, they make no claim to complete coverage of the published literature. The authors will be grateful to users of the bibliography who call attention to errors or omissions.
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