Ideally, restoration re‐establishes natural processes in degraded habitats (e.g., flow and sediment regimes). However, in altered systems where process‐based restoration is not feasible, habitat construction is another approach to mitigate degradation. Because habitat construction does not directly focus on restoring processes that build and maintain desired habitats, projects must be developed and placed within the contemporary regulatory, ecological, and hydrogeomorphic context of a system, to maximize effectiveness. Here, we develop a framework for evaluating the regulatory, ecological, and hydrogeomorphic components using 15 years of fish spawning habitat construction in the St. Clair‐Detroit River System. The process began by identifying regulatory requirements at a coarse resolution to quickly focus on locations where ecological potential and hydrogeomorphic constraints could be assessed at finer resolutions. Next, ecological potential was assessed using a lithophilic fish spawning habitat suitability index. The suitability index identified five sites for habitat construction and Lake sturgeon spawning was documented at each site following construction. However, qualitative monitoring showed fine sediments accumulated at older sites. Thus, geomorphic assessments were incorporated to identify sediment sources and model flow within targeted areas. Since geomorphic assessments required the finest resolution and had the most uncertainty, they were conducted after broad‐scale regulatory considerations and ecological assessments narrowed focus to a few candidate sites. The order of operations identified in this case study evolved from the iterative approach of the restoration team, but in retrospect, it helped develop a framework that directed project development resources to aspects with more uncertainty, where learning is most critical.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Ecological Restoration","doi":"10.1111/rec.13359","usgsCitation":"Fischer, J., Roseman, E., Mayer, C., Wills, T., Vaccaro, L., Read, J., Manny, B.A., Kennedy, G.W., Ellison, R., Drouin, R., DeBruyne, R., Cotel, A., Chiotti, J., Boase, J., and Bennion, D., 2021, A structured approach to remediation site assessment: Lessons from 15 years of fish spawning habitat creation in the St. Clair‐Detroit River system: Restoration Ecology, v. 29, no. 4, e13359, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13359.","productDescription":"e13359, 7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-122141","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":453409,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13359","text":"External Repository"},{"id":383617,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United 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Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Bennion, David 0000-0003-4927-4195 dbennion@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4927-4195","contributorId":149533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennion","given":"David","email":"dbennion@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70219567,"text":"70219567 - 2021 - Ungaged inflow and loss patterns in urban and agricultural sub‐reaches of the Logan River Observatory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-14T12:03:32.609531","indexId":"70219567","displayToPublicDate":"2021-02-18T06:55:15","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ungaged inflow and loss patterns in urban and agricultural sub‐reaches of the Logan River Observatory","docAbstract":"Streams in semi‐arid urban and agricultural environments are often heavily diverted for anthropogenic purposes. However, they simultaneously receive substantial inflows from a variety of ungaged sources including stormwater returns, tile drainage, and irrigation runoff that help sustain flow during dry periods. Due to the inability to identify sources or directly gage many of these inflows, there is a clear need for methods to understand source origination while quantifying potential gains and losses over highly impacted reaches. In the context of the Logan River Observatory, historical gage data illustrate the importance of ungaged and unidentified inflows on maintaining or enhancing flows in both urban and agricultural reaches containing large diversions. To understand the inflows in this portion of the Logan River, we first analysed water samples for ions collected from a subset of representative inflow sources and applied clustering analyses to establish inflow source classifications and associated ion concentration ranges. These representative concentration ranges, combined with mainstem flow and river ion samples taken at sub‐reach scales, allow for the application of flow and mass balances to quantify inflow rates from different sources as well as any losses. These calculations demonstrate significant gains and losses occurring in many sub‐reaches during three sampling events. The dominant land use (urban or agriculture) and flow regime at the time of sampling were the primary drivers of gains and losses. These exchanges were found to be most important below large diversions during low flow conditions. This highlights the need to classify inflow sources (urban or agriculture, surface or groundwater) and estimate their contributions to anticipate instream consequences of land use and water management decisions. As irrigation and water conveyance practices become more efficient, a portion of these ungaged inflows could be diminished or eliminated, thus further depleting streamflow during dry periods.
Permafrost thaw in northern ecosystems may cause large quantities of carbon (C) to move from soil to atmospheric pools. Because soil microbial communities play a critical role in regulating C fluxes from soils, we examined microbial activity and greenhouse gas production soon after permafrost thaw and ground collapse (into collapse-scar bogs), relative to the permafrost plateau or older thaw features. Using multiple field and laboratory-based assays at a field site in interior Alaska, we show that the youngest collapse-scar bog had the highest CH4 production potential from soil incubations, and, based upon temporal changes in porewater concentrations and 13C-CH4 and 13C-CO2, had greater summer in situ rates of respiration, methanogenesis, and surface CH4 oxidation. These patterns could be explained by greater C and N availability in the young bog, while alternative terminal electron accepting processes did not play a significant role. Field diffusive CH4 fluxes from the young bog were 4.1 times greater in the shoulder season and 1.7–7.2 times greater in winter relative to older bogs, but not during summer. Greater relative CH4 flux rates in the shoulder season and winter could be due to reduced CH4 oxidation relative to summer, magnifying the importance of differences in production. Both the permafrost plateau and collapse-scar bogs were sources of C to the atmosphere due in large part to winter C fluxes. In collapse scar bogs, winter is a critical period when differences in thermokarst age translates to differences in surface fluxes.
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Use Science Project strives to report water-use estimates using the best available information for the period of the estimates. The information available on water used for irrigation activities varies from State to State and in some areas from county to county within a State, which results in many information sources and methods being used to estimate water withdrawals and consumption for the Nation. The variety of estimation methods makes it difficult to compare information across States and makes it difficult to understand how different methods or data sources bias irrigation water-use estimates and trends over time. The sources of information and methods used by USGS Water Science Centers to estimate irrigation water use (the number of irrigated acres by irrigation system type, withdrawal values by water source type, and consumed-water values) for 2015 are compiled and described herein to assist with interpreting the water-use estimates. State-level summaries of information sources and methods are compiled in appendix 1, and a dataset of calendar-year, county-level estimates of actual evapotranspiration for the conterminous United States and Hawaii is provided in an associated USGS data release.
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U.S. Geological Survey
1770 Corporate Drive, Suite 500
Norcross, GA 30093
Marine heatwaves are global phenomena that can have major impacts on the structure and function of coastal ecosystems. By mid-2014, the Pacific Marine Heatwave (PMH) was evident in intertidal waters of the northern Gulf of Alaska and persisted for multiple years. While offshore marine ecosystems are known to respond to these warmer waters, the response of rocky intertidal ecosystems to this warming is unclear. Intertidal communities link terrestrial and marine ecosystems and their resources are important to marine and terrestrial predators and to human communities for food and recreation, while simultaneously supporting a growing coastal tourism industry. Given that current climate change projections suggest increased frequency and duration of marine heatwaves, monitoring and understanding the impacts of heatwaves on intertidal habitats is important. As part of the Gulf Watch Alaska Long-Term Monitoring program, we examined rocky intertidal community structure at 21 sites across four regions spanning 1,200 km of coastline: Western Prince William Sound, Kenai Fjords National Park, Kachemak Bay, and Katmai National Park and Preserve. Sites were monitored annually from 2012 to 2019 at mid and low tidal strata. Before-PMH (2012–2014), community structure differed among regions. We found macroalgal foundation species declined during this period mirroring patterns observed elsewhere for subtidal habitat formers during heatwave events. The region-wide shift from an autotroph-macroalgal dominated rocky intertidal to a heterotroph-filter-feeder dominated state concurrent with the changing environmental conditions associated with a marine heatwave event suggests the PMH had Gulf-wide impacts to the structure of rocky intertidal communities. During/after-PMH (2015–2019), similarities in community structure increased across regions, leading to a greater homogenization of these communities, due to declines in macroalgal cover, driven mostly by a decline in the rockweed, Fucus distichus, and other fleshy red algae in 2015, followed by an increase in barnacle cover in 2016, and an increase in mussel cover in 2017. Strong, large-scale oceanographic events, like the PMH, may override local drivers to similarly influence patterns of intertidal community structure.
Kelp forests form an important biogenic habitat that responds to natural and human drivers. Global concerns exist about threats to kelp forests, yet long-term information is limited and research suggests that trends are geographically distinct. We examined distribution of the bull kelp Nereocystis luetkeana over 145 years in South Puget Sound (SPS), a semi-protected inner basin in a fjord estuary complex in the northeast Pacific Ocean. We synthesized 48 historical and modern Nereocystis surveys and examined presence/absence within 1-km segments along 452 km of shoreline. Compared to the earliest baseline in 1878, Nereocystis extent in 2017 decreased 63%, with individual sub-basins showing up to 96% loss. Losses have persisted for decades, across a range of climate conditions. In recent decades, Nereocystis predominantly occurred along shorelines with intense currents and mixing, where temperature and nutrient concentrations did not reach thresholds for impacts to Nereocystis performance, and high current speeds likely excluded grazers. Losses predominated in areas with elevated temperature, lower nutrient concentrations, and relatively low current velocities. The pattern of long-term losses in SPS contrasts with stability in floating kelp abundance during the last century in an area of the Salish Sea with greater wave exposure and proximity to oceanic conditions. These findings support the hypothesis that kelp beds along wave-sheltered shorelines exhibit greater sensitivity to environmental stressors. Additionally, shorelines with strong currents and deep-water mixing may provide refugia within sheltered systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS ONE","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0229703","usgsCitation":"Berry, H., Mumford, T., Calloway, M., Ferrier, L., Christiaen, B., Dowty, P., vanArendonk, N.R., and Grossman, E.E., 2021, Long-term changes in kelp forests in an inner basin of the Salish Sea: PLoS, v. 16, no. 2, e0229703, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229703.","productDescription":"e0229703, 27 p.","ipdsId":"IP-116575","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":453416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229703","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385440,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.3984375,\n 46.70973594407157\n ],\n [\n -121.86035156249999,\n 46.70973594407157\n ],\n [\n -121.86035156249999,\n 48.019324184801185\n ],\n [\n -123.3984375,\n 48.019324184801185\n ],\n [\n -123.3984375,\n 46.70973594407157\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-02-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berry, H.D.","contributorId":257840,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berry","given":"H.D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52135,"text":"WA Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mumford, T.F.","contributorId":257841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mumford","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52136,"text":"Marine Agronomics LLC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Calloway, M.","contributorId":257844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calloway","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":52135,"text":"WA Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ferrier, L.","contributorId":257845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferrier","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52135,"text":"WA Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Christiaen, B.","contributorId":257842,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christiaen","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52135,"text":"WA Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dowty, P.","contributorId":257843,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dowty","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52135,"text":"WA Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Grossman, Eric E. 0000-0003-0269-6307 egrossman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0269-6307","contributorId":196610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"Eric","email":"egrossman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"vanArendonk, Nathan R. 0000-0003-3911-995X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3911-995X","contributorId":219469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"vanArendonk","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12723,"text":"Western Washington University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70221225,"text":"70221225 - 2021 - Stewardship and management of freshwater ecosystems: From Leopold's land ethic to a freshwater ethic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-09T14:16:44.014248","indexId":"70221225","displayToPublicDate":"2021-02-17T06:51:00","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":862,"text":"Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stewardship and management of freshwater ecosystems: From Leopold's land ethic to a freshwater ethic","docAbstract":"Managing wildlife in landscapes under private ownership requires partnership between landowners, resource users, and governing agencies. Agencies often call on landowners to voluntarily change their practices to achieve collective goals. Landowner support for management action is partially a function of normative beliefs about managing wildlife. Understanding factors that support development of normative beliefs is important for program design, with implications beyond deer. Drawing on norm activation theory, identity theory, and community attachment, we hypothesized that landowners’ ascription of responsibility to manage deer were a function of their identity as a wildlife steward and attachment to their community. We tested our hypotheses using structural equation modeling with data from a survey of southeast Minnesota landowners. Results revealed ascribed responsibility to be a function of identity. In turn, identity was predicted by affect toward the community. Findings suggest community-based approaches to wildlife management could improve goal achievement.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/08941920.2020.1852636","usgsCitation":"Landon, A.C., Fulton, D.C., Pradhananga, A., Cornicelli, L., and Davenport, M., 2021, Community attachment and stewardship identity influence responsibility to manage wildlife: Society & Natural Resources: An International Journal, v. 34, no. 5, p. 571-584, https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2020.1852636.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"571","endPage":"584","ipdsId":"IP-113324","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396046,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"34","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landon, Adam C.","contributorId":279373,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Landon","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":34923,"text":"Minnesota DNR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fulton, David C. 0000-0001-5763-7887 dcf@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5763-7887","contributorId":2208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulton","given":"David","email":"dcf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pradhananga, Amit","contributorId":279374,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pradhananga","given":"Amit","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cornicelli, Lou","contributorId":279375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cornicelli","given":"Lou","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34923,"text":"Minnesota DNR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Davenport, Mae A.","contributorId":279376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davenport","given":"Mae A.","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70218215,"text":"70218215 - 2021 - Drought stress and hurricane defoliation influence mountain clouds and moisture recycling in a tropical forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-19T19:52:58.010283","indexId":"70218215","displayToPublicDate":"2021-02-16T13:48:04","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2982,"text":"PNAS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Drought stress and hurricane defoliation influence mountain clouds and moisture recycling in a tropical forest","docAbstract":"Mountain ranges generate clouds, precipitation, and perennial streamflow for water supplies, but the role of forest cover in mountain hydrometeorology and cloud formation is not well understood. In the Luquillo Experimental Forest of Puerto Rico, mountains are immersed in clouds nightly, providing a steady precipitation source to support the tropical forest ecosystems and human uses. A severe drought in 2015 and the removal of forest canopy (defoliation) by Hurricane Maria in 2017 created natural experiments to examine interactions between the living forest and hydroclimatic processes. These unprecedented land-based observations over 4.5 y revealed that the orographic cloud system was highly responsive to local land-surface moisture and energy balances moderated by the forest. Cloud layer thickness and immersion frequency on the mountain slope correlated with antecedent rainfall, linking recycled terrestrial moisture to the formation of mountain clouds; and cloud-base altitude rose during drought stress and posthurricane defoliation. Changes in diurnal cycles of temperature and vapor-pressure deficit and an increase in sensible versus latent heat flux quantified local meteorological response to forest disturbances. Temperature and water vapor anomalies along the mountain slope persisted for at least 12 mo posthurricane, showing that understory recovery did not replace intact forest canopy function. In many similar settings around the world, prolonged drought, increasing temperatures, and deforestation could affect orographic cloud precipitation and the humans and ecosystems that depend on it.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2021646118","usgsCitation":"Scholl, M.A., Bassiouni, M., and Torres-Sanchez, A.J., 2021, Drought stress and hurricane defoliation influence mountain clouds and moisture recycling in a tropical forest: PNAS, v. 118, no. 7, e2021646118, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021646118.","productDescription":"e2021646118, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-117419","costCenters":[{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":453423,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7896295","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436507,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9UQCN4T","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Temperature, relative humidity and cloud immersion data for Luquillo Mountains, eastern Puerto Rico, 2014-2019"},{"id":383390,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -65.94543457031249,\n 18.152376614237202\n ],\n [\n -65.5718994140625,\n 18.152376614237202\n ],\n [\n -65.5718994140625,\n 18.449649414656722\n ],\n [\n -65.94543457031249,\n 18.449649414656722\n ],\n [\n -65.94543457031249,\n 18.152376614237202\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"118","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-02-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholl, Martha A. 0000-0001-6994-4614 mascholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6994-4614","contributorId":1920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"Martha","email":"mascholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bassiouni, Maoya 0000-0001-5795-9894","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5795-9894","contributorId":251732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bassiouni","given":"Maoya","affiliations":[{"id":12666,"text":"Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Torres-Sanchez, Angel J. 0000-0002-5595-021X ajtorres@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5595-021X","contributorId":5623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torres-Sanchez","given":"Angel","email":"ajtorres@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70218177,"text":"sir20215002 - 2021 - Multilevel groundwater monitoring of hydraulic head, water temperature, and chemical constituents in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 2014–18","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-17T12:58:55.815161","indexId":"sir20215002","displayToPublicDate":"2021-02-16T13:00:15","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-5002","displayTitle":"Multilevel Groundwater Monitoring of Hydraulic Head, Water Temperature, and Chemical Constituents in the Eastern Snake River Plain Aquifer, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 2014–18","title":"Multilevel groundwater monitoring of hydraulic head, water temperature, and chemical constituents in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 2014–18","docAbstract":"Radiochemical and chemical wastewater discharged to infiltration ponds and disposal wells since the early 1950s at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL), southeastern Idaho, has affected the water quality of the eastern Snake River Plain (ESRP) aquifer. In 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, added a multilevel well-monitoring network to their ongoing monitoring program to begin describing the vertical movement and distribution of the chemical constituents in the ESRP aquifer.
The multilevel monitoring system (MLMS) at the INL has been ongoing since 2006, and this report summarizes data collected during 2014–18 from 11 multilevel monitoring wells. Hydraulic head (head) and groundwater temperature data were collected, including 177 measurements from hydraulically isolated depth intervals from 448.0 to 1,377.6 feet below land surface. One port (port 3) within well USGS 134 was not monitored owing to a valve failure.
Note: This is a partial abstract.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20215002","collaboration":"DOE/ID-22254Director, Idaho Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
230 Collins Road
Boise, Idaho 83702-4520
Milford Lake has been listed as impaired and designated hypereutrophic because of excessive nutrient loading, specifically biologically available orthophosphate. It is the largest lake by surface area in Kansas and is a reservoir built for purposes including water supply and recreation. In 2015, the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) divided the lake into three zones (Zones A, B, and C) for recreational monitoring of harmful algal blooms (HABs). Upstream Zone C has historically been more affected by HABs than Zones B and A, and Zone C has historically had the highest phosphorus concentrations.
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the KDHE, completed a study in 2017–18 to assess the spatial and temporal variability of nutrients and algae in the Republican River (the primary inflow to Milford Lake) and Milford Lake using spatially and temporally dense data. During the study period, discrete water-quality samples were collected at 36 lake sites, 21 river sites, and 1 pond. All samples were analyzed for nutrients; some samples were also analyzed for chlorophyll, phycocyanin, microcystin, and (or) phytoplankton community composition and abundance. Results from this study provide perspective for understanding the potential role nutrient and algal conditions have in facilitating the formation of HABs and may inform future actions to prevent and mitigate HABs and their potential effects on human and environmental health.
In 2017, one low-flow floating synoptic on the Republican River into Zone C of Milford Lake and one 24-hour synoptic in Zone C of Milford Lake were completed. Results from the low-flow floating synoptic on July 17, 2017, at 21 river sites, 8 lake sites, and 1 pond site indicated that the Republican River was not contributing dissolved orthophosphate or total phosphorus concentrations higher than those in the main body of Milford Lake.
No patterns in nutrient or total microcystin concentrations were evident from the 24-hour synoptic at two sites on August 24–25, 2017. Total nitrogen was dominated by total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) at both sites. Different oscillation activity in algal biomass and chlorophyll at the two sites demonstrated the variable nature of algal accumulations and their effects on nutrient and dissolved oxygen concentrations. Different patterns in chlorophyll and microcystin concentrations indicate that the relation between algal biomass and cyanotoxin concentrations were different at the two sites, possibly because of differences among algal communities present at each site.
Three whole-lake synoptics through Zones A, B, and C in Milford Lake were completed on July 10, August 9, and October 16–17, 2018, at 30 lake sites. Orthophosphate was consistently at least 77 percent of total phosphorus at all sites except the two most uplake sites. At the two most uplake sites, orthophosphate was between 52 and 72 percent of the total phosphorus present at the site.
Concentrations of TKN were not consistently increasing or decreasing during 2018. Total nitrogen was dominated by TKN in July and August. Very low concentrations of dissolved nitrate plus nitrite indicate that the nutrient was likely tied up in algal biomass. By October, total nitrogen was approximately one-half TKN and one-half dissolved nitrate plus nitrite. Higher concentrations of dissolved orthophosphate and dissolved nitrate plus nitrite in October than in July and August were likely caused by reduced biological activity (less uptake of nutrients) and lower air and water temperatures. Multiple inflow events (streamflow greater than median daily value) between August and October also may have moved nutrients through the lake.
Chlorophyll, phycocyanin, microcystin, and phytoplankton samples were collected at eight sites in 2018. Most sites had their highest chlorophyll concentrations in August. The three most uplake sites had their highest phycocyanin concentrations in July, whereas the other five sites had their highest phycocyanin concentrations in August. Two of 23 samples had detections of total microcystin (0.11 and 0.12 microgram per liter). Phytoplankton community composition mainly consisted of Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Cryptophyta, and Cyanobacteria. Phytoplankton community composition and abundance data described broad seasonal patterns and did not capture the full range of possible conditions at each site.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205135","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Department of Health and Environment","usgsCitation":"Leiker, B.M., Abel, J.R., Graham, J.L., Foster, G.M., King, L.R., Stiles, T.C., and Buley, R.P., 2021, Spatial and temporal variability of nutrients and algae in the Republican River and Milford Lake, Kansas, June through November 2017 and May through November 2018: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5135, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205135.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 53 p.; 3 Data Releases; Dataset","numberOfPages":"66","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-116622","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":383231,"rank":6,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"— USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":383228,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XO24L3","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Phytoplankton data for Milford Lake, Kansas, June through October 2018"},{"id":383226,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5135/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":383227,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5135/sir20205135.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.29 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020–5135"},{"id":383230,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZA2HE7","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Vertical profiles of water-quality data from two sites in Milford Lake, Kansas, August 24–25, 2017"},{"id":383229,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CX2GFI","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Time-lapse photography of Milford Lake, Kansas, June through November 2017 and June through November 2018"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Republican River, Milford Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.12875366210938,\n 39.03838632847035\n ],\n [\n -96.82937622070312,\n 39.03838632847035\n ],\n [\n -96.82937622070312,\n 39.32367475355144\n ],\n [\n -97.12875366210938,\n 39.32367475355144\n ],\n [\n -97.12875366210938,\n 39.03838632847035\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Kansas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1217 Biltmore Drive
Lawrence, KS 66049
Science impacts our daily lives and guides national and international policies (1). Thus, results of scientific studies are of paramount importance; yet, there are concerns that many studies are not reproducible or replicable (2). To address these concerns, the National Research Council conducted a Consensus Study [NASEM 2019 (3)] that provides definitions of key concepts, discussions of problems, and recommendations for dealing with these problems. These recommendations are useful and well considered, but they do not go far enough in our opinion. The NASEM recommendations treat reproducibility and replicability as single-study issues, despite clear acknowledgement of the limitations of isolated studies and the need for research synthesis (3). We advocate a strategic approach to research, focusing on the accumulation of evidence via designed sequences of studies, as a means of dealing more effectively with reproducibility, replicability, and related problems. These sequences are designed to provide iterative tests based on comparison of data from empirical studies with predictions from competing hypotheses. Evidence is then formally accumulated based on the relative predictive abilities of the different hypotheses as the sequential studies proceed.
Resource managers in the Pacific Northwest (USA) actively thin second-growth forests to accelerate the development of late-successional conditions and seek to expand these restoration thinning treatments into riparian zones. Riparian forest thinning, however, may impact stream temperatures–a key water quality parameter often regulated to protect stream habitat and aquatic organisms. To better understand the effects of riparian thinning on shade, light, and stream temperature, we employed a manipulative field experiment following a replicated Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) design in three watersheds in the redwood forests of northern California, USA. Thinning treatments were intended to reduce canopy closure or basal area within the riparian zone by up to 50% on both sides of the stream channel along a 100–200 m stream reach. We found that responses to thinning ranged widely depending on the intensity of thinning treatments. In the watersheds with more intensive treatments, thinning reduced shade, increased light, and altered stream thermal regimes in thinned and downstream reaches. Thinning shifted thermal regimes by increasing maximum temperatures, thermal variability, and the frequency and duration of elevated temperatures. These thermal responses occurred primarily during summer but also extended into spring and fall. Longitudinal profiles indicated that increases in temperature associated with thinning frequently persisted downstream, but downstream effects depended on the magnitude of upstream temperature increases. Model selection analyses indicated that local changes in shade as well as upstream thermal conditions and proximity to upstream treatments explained variation in stream temperature responses to thinning. In contrast, in the study watershed with less intensive thinning, smaller changes in shade and light resulted in minimal stream temperature responses. Collectively, our data shed new light on the stream thermal responses to riparian thinning. These results provide relevant information for managers considering thinning as a viable restoration strategy for second-growth riparian forests.
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However, application of this approach has not always been successful, possibly because of female dispersal and high deer densities. We developed a spatially explicit, agent-based model to investigate the intensity of deer removal required to locally reduce deer density depending on the surrounding deer density, dispersal behavior, and size and shape of the area of localized reduction. Application of this model is illustrated using the example of abundant deer populations in Pennsylvania, USA. Most scenarios required at least 5 years before substantial deer density reductions occurred. Our model indicated that a localized reduction was successful for scenarios in which the surrounding deer density was lowest (30 deer/mi²), localized antlerless harvest rates were 30%, and the removal area was 5 mi² or larger. When the size of the removal area was < 5 mi2, end population density was highly variable and, in some scenarios, exceeded the initial density. The shape of the area of localized reduction had less influence on the ability to reduce deer density than the size. There were no differences in mean deer density in the same size circle or square removal areas. Similarly, increasing the ratio of sides (length : width) in rectangular removal areas had little influence on the ability to locally reduce deer densities. Situations in which deer density was higher (40 or 50 deer/mi2) required antlerless removal rates to exceed 30% and took more than 5 years to considerably reduce density in the localized area regardless of its size. These results indicate that the size of the area of reduction, surrounding deer density, and antlerless harvest rate are the most influential factors in locally reducing deer density. Therefore, localized management likely can be an effective strategy for lower density herds, especially in larger removal areas. For high density herds, the success of this strategy would depend most on the ability of resource managers to achieve consistently high antlerless harvest rates.
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J.","contributorId":252885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolff","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":50459,"text":"Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":811066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":49}]}} ,{"id":70217896,"text":"sir20205110 - 2021 - Geologic assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Cherokee Platform area of Kansas, Oklahoma, and Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-01T15:49:52.891672","indexId":"sir20205110","displayToPublicDate":"2021-02-15T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-5110","displayTitle":"Geologic Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources in the Cherokee Platform Province Area of Kansas, Oklahoma, and Missouri","title":"Geologic assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Cherokee Platform area of Kansas, Oklahoma, and Missouri","docAbstract":"In 2015, the U.S. Geological Survey completed a geology-based assessment to estimate the volumes of undiscovered, technically recoverable petroleum resources in the Cherokee Platform Province area of southeastern Kansas, northeastern Oklahoma, and southwestern Missouri. The U.S. Geological Survey identified four stratigraphic intervals that contain petroleum source rocks: (1) thin shales in the Middle to Upper Ordovician Simpson Group, (2) shales within the Upper Devonian to Lower Mississippian Woodford Shale and stratigraphically equivalent Chattanooga Shale, (3) coals and coal-associated shales and mudstones in the Middle Pennsylvanian (Desmoinesian) Cherokee and Marmaton Groups, and (4) thin marine shales within the Marmaton Group and the Upper Pennsylvanian (Missourian) Kansas City and Lansing Groups. Based on the nature of the petroleum accumulations, the characterization of the compositions and thermal maturity of the organic matter in the rocks, and the compositions of the produced petroleum, the U.S. Geological Survey identified three total petroleum systems (TPS) containing four assessment units (AU): the Paleozoic Composite TPS with the Paleozoic Conventional Assessment Unit (AU), the Woodford/Chattanooga TPS with the Woodford Shale Oil AU and the Woodford Biogenic Gas AU, and the Desmoinesian Coal TPS with the Desmoinesian Coalbed Gas AU. Assessment unit summaries follow
1. Three source rock intervals have contributed geochemically distinct oils to reservoirs within the Paleozoic Conventional AU. These intervals are the Simpson Group; the Woodford and Chattanooga Shales; and the Marmaton, Kansas City, and Lansing Groups. The major petroleum source rocks are the Woodford and Chattanooga Shales. The Paleozoic Conventional AU includes reservoirs that range in age from the Upper Cambrian Arbuckle Group to the lower Permian Chase Group. Most oil production in the province has been from Pennsylvanian sandstone reservoirs. Estimated undiscovered petroleum resources for this AU are a mean of 3 million barrels of oil (MMBO), 140 billion cubic feet of gas (BCFG), and 4 million barrels of natural gas liquids (MMBNGL).
2. The Woodford Shale Oil AU contains undiscovered continuous petroleum resources within the Woodford Shale and Chattanooga Shale. The geologic model for the AU assumes that petroleum resources remain trapped within the shale following petroleum migration. For most of the AU, organic matter within the Woodford Shale and Chattanooga Shale is thermally mature with respect to petroleum generation as shown by vitrinite reflectance values between 0.6 and 1 percent. Petroleum has been produced from the Woodford Shale and Chattanooga Shale. Estimated undiscovered petroleum resources for this AU are means of 460 MMBO, 640 BCFG, and 7 MMBNGL.
3. The Woodford Shale Biogenic Gas AU contains undiscovered continuous petroleum resources in the east-central portion of the Cherokee Platform Province near the Ozark uplift where the Woodford Shale and Chattanooga Shale are at depths of 1,250 ft or shallower. At those depths, methanogenesis and(or) biodegradation of thermogenic natural gases can be found where the shale may be more fractured and more susceptible to groundwater penetrations. The mean assessed volume of undiscovered gas for this assessment unit is 416 BCFG and 1 MMBNGL.
4. The Desmoinesian Coalbed Gas AU contains undiscovered continuous petroleum resources within the Middle Pennsylvanian coals and coal-associated shales and mudstones. The boundaries for the Desmoinesian Coalbed Gas AU are, in part, defined by the extent, depth, and thickness of the coals. Within the Desmoinesian Coalbed Gas AU, a sweet spot area was delineated based on a 10 foot or greater net coal thickness. Gas analytical data show that natural gas produced from the coals has a mixed biogenic and thermogenic origin and that there is significant migration of natural gas into the coals from adjacent conventional sandstone reservoirs. The estimated mean volume of undiscovered gas is 10.0 trillion cubic ft of gas (TCFG), and 23 MMBNGL.
For the three continuous (unconventional) assessment units and one conventional assessment unit in the Cherokee Platform Province, total mean volumes of undiscovered petroleum resources are estimated to be 463 MMBO, 11.2 TCFG and 35 MMBNGL.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205110","issn":"978-1-4113-4399-3","usgsCitation":"Drake, R.M., II, and Hatch, J.R., 2021, Geologic assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Cherokee Platform area of Kansas, Oklahoma, and Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5110, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205110.","productDescription":"viii, 39 p.","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069652","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":383204,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5110/sir20205110.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020-5110"},{"id":383203,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5110/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.2392578125,\n 33.43144133557529\n ],\n [\n -93.251953125,\n 33.578014746143985\n ],\n [\n -93.2958984375,\n 40.04443758460856\n ],\n [\n -100.0634765625,\n 40.04443758460856\n ],\n [\n -100.2392578125,\n 33.43144133557529\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
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St, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bell, Douglas A.","contributorId":279590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bell","given":"Douglas A.","affiliations":[{"id":57302,"text":"East Bay Regional Park District, 2950 Peralta Oaks Court, Oakland, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Greig, Hamish S.","contributorId":279591,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greig","given":"Hamish","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":57280,"text":"University of Maine, 212 Deering Hall, Orono, ME","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Gagne, Chase R.","contributorId":279592,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gagne","given":"Chase","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":57280,"text":"University of Maine, 212 Deering Hall, Orono, ME","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Batzer, Darold P.","contributorId":279593,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Batzer","given":"Darold P.","affiliations":[{"id":57305,"text":"University of Georgia, 120 Cedar St, Athens, GA 30602, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70229051,"text":"70229051 - 2021 - Uncovering process domains in large rivers: Patterns and potential drivers of benthic substrate heterogeneity in two North American riverscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-28T14:29:43.181527","indexId":"70229051","displayToPublicDate":"2021-02-15T08:18:27","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uncovering process domains in large rivers: Patterns and potential drivers of benthic substrate heterogeneity in two North American riverscapes","docAbstract":"Identifying and understanding functional process domains (sensu Montgomery, 1999) in rivers is paramount for linking the physical habitat template to ecosystem structure and function. To date, efforts to do this have been rare, especially in large rivers, as they require appropriate tools for quantifying habitat heterogeneity with fine-scale resolution across broad spatial extents. In this study, we used side-scan sonar technology to map riverbed substrate at six sites in the Yellowstone and Missouri rivers. Substrate maps were then analyzed and visualized using geospatial analysis to relate fine-grained spatial substrate patterns to process domain structure. Our findings revealed two distinct nested domains of substrate patchiness, suggesting that different factors are responsible for shaping patterns of substrate at different scales. Although small-scale patchiness in substrate was likely driven by internal, or autogenic, physical processes, patterns at larger segment extents (>3 km) were often driven by abrupt transitions in habitat related to exogenous factors such as lateral erosion of talus, tributary inputs, and bank armoring. Additionally, we found that heterogeneity in benthic substrate increased with spatial extent at all of our study sites; however, this relationship was lower in the Missouri River, which is altered by impoundment. Our study represents one of the first efforts to relate benthic habitat heterogeneity to nested process domain structure in large riverscapes, and offers a unique perspective for linking landscape processes, geomorphological habitat heterogeneity, and biological structure and function in large rivers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107524","usgsCitation":"Scholl, E., Cross, W.F., Baxter, C.V., and Guy, C.S., 2021, Uncovering process domains in large rivers: Patterns and potential drivers of benthic substrate heterogeneity in two North American riverscapes: Geomorphology, v. 375, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107524.","productDescription":"107524, 15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","ipdsId":"IP-120694","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/5832738","text":"External Repository"},{"id":396542,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River, Yellowstone River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.820068359375,\n 47.25686404408872\n ],\n [\n -103.60107421874999,\n 47.25686404408872\n ],\n [\n -103.60107421874999,\n 48.22467264956519\n ],\n [\n -106.820068359375,\n 48.22467264956519\n ],\n [\n -106.820068359375,\n 47.25686404408872\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"375","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholl, E.A","contributorId":286923,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scholl","given":"E.A","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36244,"text":"MSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cross, W. F.","contributorId":15412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":36555,"text":"Montana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baxter, C. V.","contributorId":62853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baxter","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":38154,"text":"Idaho State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guy, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9936-4781 cguy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9936-4781","contributorId":2876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"Christopher","email":"cguy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5062,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":836361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70219912,"text":"70219912 - 2021 - Evaluating lethal toxicant doses for the largest individuals of an invasive vertebrate predator with indeterminate growth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-16T13:04:00.523779","indexId":"70219912","displayToPublicDate":"2021-02-15T07:58:35","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2655,"text":"Management of Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating lethal toxicant doses for the largest individuals of an invasive vertebrate predator with indeterminate growth","docAbstract":"The brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) was accidentally introduced to Guam and caused severe ecological and economic damages. Acetaminophen is an effective, low-risk oral toxicant for invasive brown treesnakes, and an automated aerial delivery system (ADS) has been developed for landscape-scale toxic bait distribution. A fixed dose of 80 mg of acetaminophen within a tablet inserted into a dead neonatal mouse (DNM) was lethal for all brown treesnakes in previous trials; however, these trials did not include very large individuals which are difficult to acquire for testing. Because most reptiles continue to grow throughout their lifespan, a small number reach much greater than average body sizes. Here, we tested effectiveness of 80 mg acetaminophen DNM baits for unusually large brown treesnakes as they became available. Our results confirmed that an 80 mg dose is lethal for the vast majority of snakes on Guam, but efficacy starts to diminish around 200 g of body mass. We also tested an alternative mouse bait configuration with 160 mg of acetaminophen
that could be incorporated into the ADS to improve control of unusually large snakes. The 160 mg dose is expected to be effective for nearly all female snakes; males grow much larger and additional methods will be needed for extraordinarily large individuals. We describe a full dose-response curve for brown treesnakes to acetaminophen tablets and estimate the LD90 at 299 mg/kg and the LD99 at 578 mg/kg. To our knowledge, this is the first published dose-response curve for an invasive vertebrate with indeterminate growth.
Distinguishing between human impacts and natural variation in abundance remains difficult because most species exhibit complex patterns of variation in space and time. When ecological monitoring data are available, a before‐after‐control‐impact (BACI) analysis can control natural spatial and temporal variation to better identify an impact and estimate its magnitude. However, populations with limited distributions and confounding spatial‐temporal dynamics can violate core assumptions of BACI‐type designs. In this study, we assessed how such properties affect the potential to identify impacts. Specifically, we quantified the conditions under which BACI analyses correctly (or incorrectly) identified simulated anthropogenic impacts in a spatially and temporally replicated data set of fish, macroalgal, and invertebrate species found on nearshore subtidal reefs in southern California, USA. We found BACI failed to assess very localized impacts, and had low power but high precision when assessing region‐wide impacts. Power was highest for severe impacts of moderate spatial scale, and impacts were most easily detected in species with stable, widely distributed populations. Serial autocorrelation in the data greatly inflated false impact detection rates, and could be partly controlled for statistically, while spatial synchrony in dynamics had no consistent effect on power or false detection rates. Unfortunately, species that offer high power to detect real impacts were also more likely to detect impacts where none had occurred. However, considering power and false detection rates together can identify promising indicator species, and collectively analyzing data for similar species improved the net ability to assess impacts. These insights set expectations for the sizes and severities of impacts that BACI analyses can detect in real systems, point to the importance of serial autocorrelation (but not of spatial synchrony), and indicate how to choose the species, and groups of species, that can best identify impacts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/eap.2304","usgsCitation":"Rassweiler, A., Okamoto, D.K., Reed, D.C., Kushner, D.J., Schroeder, D., and Lafferty, K.D., 2021, Improving the ability of a BACI design to detect impacts within a kelp‐forest community: Ecological Applications, v. 31, no. 4, e02304, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2304.","productDescription":"e02304, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-118865","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384711,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rassweiler, Andrew 0000-0002-8760-3888","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8760-3888","contributorId":203606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rassweiler","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7092,"text":"Florida State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Okamoto, Daniel K","contributorId":256705,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Okamoto","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"K","affiliations":[{"id":51835,"text":"Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32306 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reed, Daniel C.","contributorId":203607,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reed","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36524,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kushner, David J","contributorId":256706,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kushner","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":51836,"text":"Channel Islands National Park, Ventura, California, 93001 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schroeder, Donna M","contributorId":256707,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Donna M","affiliations":[{"id":51837,"text":"Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Pacific OCS Region, 760 Paseo Camarillo, Camarillo, California, 93010 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70218783,"text":"70218783 - 2021 - The role of hydrates, competing chemical constituents, and surface composition on CLNO2 formation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-12T13:46:18.062877","indexId":"70218783","displayToPublicDate":"2021-02-15T07:45:02","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7760,"text":"Environmental Science Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of hydrates, competing chemical constituents, and surface composition on CLNO2 formation","docAbstract":"Atomic chlorine (Cl•) affects air quality and atmospheric oxidizing capacity. Nitryl chloride (ClNO2) – a common Cl• source–forms when chloride-containing aerosols react with dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5). A recent study showed that saline lakebed (playa) dust is an inland source of particulate chloride (Cl–) that generates high ClNO2. However, the underlying physiochemical factors responsible for observed yields are poorly understood. To elucidate these controlling factors, we utilized single particle and bulk techniques to determine the chemical composition and mineralogy of playa sediment and dust samples from the southwest United States. Single particle analysis shows trace highly hygroscopic magnesium and calcium Cl-containing minerals are present and likely facilitate ClNO2 formation at low humidity. Single particle and mineralogical analysis detected playa sediment organic matter that hinders N2O5 uptake as well as 10 Å-clay minerals (e.g., Illite) that compete with water and chloride for N2O5. Finally, we show that the composition of the aerosol surface, rather than the bulk, is critical in ClNO2 formation. These findings underscore the importance of mixing state, competing reactions, and surface chemistry on N2O5 uptake and ClNO2 yield for playa dusts and, likely, other aerosol systems. Therefore, consideration of particle surface composition is necessary to improve ClNO2 and air quality modeling.
In August 2020, outbreaks of coronavirus disease were confirmed on mink farms in Utah, USA. We surveyed mammals captured on and around farms for evidence of infection or exposure. Free-ranging mink, presumed domestic escapees, exhibited high antibody titers, suggesting a potential severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission pathway to native wildlife.