{"pageNumber":"528","pageRowStart":"13175","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68911,"records":[{"id":70154934,"text":"70154934 - 2014 - Effects of low and high salinity regimes on seasonal gametogenesis of the ribbed mussel Geukensia granosissima in coastal Louisiana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-16T10:03:32","indexId":"70154934","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3898,"text":"Sexuality and Early Development in Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of low and high salinity regimes on seasonal gametogenesis of the ribbed mussel Geukensia granosissima in coastal Louisiana, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Benthic intertidal bivalves play an essential role in estuarine ecosystems by contributing to habitat provision, water filtration, and host vegetation productivity. As such, ecosystem level changes that impact population distributions and persistence of local bivalve populations may have large ecosystem level consequences, making it important to better understand the population ecology of native bivalves. In order to determine potential impacts of shifting salinity and temperature regimes along the northern Gulf of Mexico, the seasonal timing of gametogenesis in the Gulf estuarine ribbed mussel, Geukensia granossisima, was examined across a salinity gradient in southeastern Louisiana, from July 2011 through October 2012. Ten mussels were randomly sampled monthly from low (~ 5) and high (~25) salinity marsh sites in southeastern Louisiana, and histologically processed to determine the seasonal progression of gametogenesis. Peak ripeness occurred at both sites between April and September, was positively correlated with temperature, and coincided with seasonal shifts in salinity. Mussels located in lower salinity waters demonstrated a shorter period of gametogenesis, and lower rates of ripeness indicating that changes in salinity regimes may impact long-term population dynamics.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","publisherLocation":"Oldendorf, Germany","doi":"10.3354/sedao00008","usgsCitation":"Honig, A., LaPeyre, M.K., and Supan, J., 2014, Effects of low and high salinity regimes on seasonal gametogenesis of the ribbed mussel Geukensia granosissima in coastal Louisiana, USA: Sexuality and Early Development in Aquatic Organisms, v. 1, p. 75-82, https://doi.org/10.3354/sedao00008.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"82","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-07-01","temporalEnd":"2012-10-31","ipdsId":"IP-052522","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472530,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/sedao00008","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":308166,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.89263916015625,\n              29.064572539122146\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.89263916015625,\n              29.39892665273919\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.91348266601562,\n              29.39892665273919\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.91348266601562,\n              29.064572539122146\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.89263916015625,\n              29.064572539122146\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fa92b7e4b05d6c4e501a80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Honig, Aaron","contributorId":146622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Honig","given":"Aaron","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaPeyre, Megan K. 0000-0001-9936-2252 mlapeyre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-2252","contributorId":585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaPeyre","given":"Megan","email":"mlapeyre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Supan, John","contributorId":146623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Supan","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70170254,"text":"70170254 - 2014 - A depth-averaged debris-flow model that includes the effects of evolving dilatancy: II. Numerical predictions and experimental tests.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T08:02:34","indexId":"70170254","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3878,"text":"Proceedings of the Royal Society A","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A depth-averaged debris-flow model that includes the effects of evolving dilatancy: II. Numerical predictions and experimental tests.","docAbstract":"<p>We evaluate a new depth-averaged mathematical model that is designed to simulate all stages of debris-flow motion, from initiation to deposition. A companion paper shows how the model&rsquo;s five governing equations describe simultaneous evolution of flow thickness, solid volume fraction, basal pore-fluid pressure, and two components of flow momentum. Each equation contains a source term that represents the influence of state-dependent granular dilatancy. Here we recapitulate the equations and analyze their eigenstructure to show that they form a hyperbolic system with desirable stability properties. To solve the equations we use a shock-capturing numerical scheme with adaptive mesh refinement, implemented in an open-source software package we call D-Claw. As tests of D-Claw, we compare model output with results from two sets of large-scale debris-flow experiments. One set focuses on flow initiation from landslides triggered by rising pore-water pressures, and the other focuses on downstream flow dynamics, runout, and deposition. D-Claw performs well in predicting evolution of flow speeds, thicknesses, and basal pore-fluid pressures measured in each type of experiment. Computational results illustrate the critical role of dilatancy in linking coevolution of the solid volume fraction and pore-fluid pressure, which mediates basal Coulomb friction and thereby regulates debris-flow dynamics.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society","publisherLocation":"London, England","doi":"10.1098/rspa.2013.0820","usgsCitation":"George, D.L., and Iverson, R.M., 2014, A depth-averaged debris-flow model that includes the effects of evolving dilatancy: II. Numerical predictions and experimental tests.: Proceedings of the Royal Society A, v. 470, no. 2170, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2013.0820.","productDescription":"31 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053085","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472543,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2013.0820","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":320034,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"470","issue":"2170","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570f6dabe4b0ef3b7ca3566a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"George, David L. 0000-0002-5726-0255 dgeorge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5726-0255","contributorId":3120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"David","email":"dgeorge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70159671,"text":"70159671 - 2014 - Ongoing drought-induced uplift in the western United States.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-17T11:09:32","indexId":"70159671","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ongoing drought-induced uplift in the western United States.","docAbstract":"<p><span>The western United States has been experiencing severe drought since 2013. The solid earth response to the accompanying loss of surface and near-surface water mass should be a broad region of uplift. We use seasonally adjusted time series from continuously operating global positioning system stations to measure this uplift, which we invert to estimate mass loss. The median uplift is 5 millimeters (mm), with values up to 15 mm in California&rsquo;s mountains. The associated pattern of mass loss, ranging up to 50 centimeters (cm) of water equivalent, is consistent with observed decreases in precipitation and streamflow. We estimate the total deficit to be ~240 gigatons, equivalent to a 10-cm layer of water over the entire region, or the annual mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/science.1260279","usgsCitation":"Borsa, A.A., Agnew, D.C., and Cayan, D.R., 2014, Ongoing drought-induced uplift in the western United States.: Science, v. 345, no. 6204, p. 1587-1590, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1260279.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1587","endPage":"1590","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057892","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472533,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1260279","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":311419,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.435546875,\n              31.80289258670676\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.69921875,\n              49.009050809382046\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.26660156249999,\n              48.980216985374994\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.892578125,\n              48.3416461723746\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.01367187499999,\n              46.255846818480336\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.71679687499999,\n              42.71473218539458\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.23339843749999,\n              41.44272637767212\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.5849609375,\n              40.27952566881291\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.134765625,\n              37.75334401310656\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.77246093750001,\n              36.03133177633187\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.7177734375,\n              34.23451236236984\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.0810546875,\n              33.687781758439364\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.158203125,\n              32.47269502206151\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.78515624999999,\n              32.731840896865684\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.09374999999999,\n              31.27855085894653\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.10546875,\n              31.353636941500987\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.10546875,\n              31.728167146023935\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.435546875,\n              31.80289258670676\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"345","issue":"6204","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564c5ddae4b0ebfbef0d3484","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borsa, Adrian Antal","contributorId":149913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borsa","given":"Adrian","email":"","middleInitial":"Antal","affiliations":[{"id":17854,"text":"Scripps_Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Agnew, Duncan Carr","contributorId":117798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agnew","given":"Duncan","email":"","middleInitial":"Carr","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cayan, Daniel R. 0000-0002-2719-6811 drcayan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2719-6811","contributorId":1494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"Daniel","email":"drcayan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70156640,"text":"70156640 - 2014 - Foraging and growth potential of juvenile Chinook Salmon after tidal restoration of a large river delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-25T16:06:02","indexId":"70156640","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foraging and growth potential of juvenile Chinook Salmon after tidal restoration of a large river delta","docAbstract":"<p><span>We evaluated whether restoring tidal flow to previously diked estuarine wetlands also restores foraging and growth opportunities for juvenile Chinook Salmon&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i><span>. Several studies have assessed the value of restored tidal wetlands for juvenile Pacific salmon&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus</i><span>&nbsp;spp., but few have used integrative measures of salmon performance, such as habitat-specific growth potential, to evaluate restoration. Our study took place in the Nisqually River delta, Washington, where recent dike removals restored tidal flow to 364 ha of marsh&mdash;the largest tidal marsh restoration project in the northwestern contiguous United States. We sampled fish assemblages, water temperatures, and juvenile Chinook Salmon diet composition and consumption rates in two restored and two reference tidal channels during a 3-year period after restoration; these data were used as inputs to a bioenergetics model to compare Chinook Salmon foraging performance and growth potential between the restored and reference channels. We found that foraging performance and growth potential of juvenile Chinook Salmon were similar between restored and reference tidal channels. However, Chinook Salmon densities were significantly lower in the restored channels than in the reference channels, and growth potential was more variable in the restored channels due to their more variable and warmer (2&deg;C) water temperatures. These results indicate that some&mdash;but not all&mdash;ecosystem attributes that are important for juvenile Pacific salmon can recover rapidly after large-scale tidal marsh restoration.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2014.945663","usgsCitation":"David, A.T., Ellings, C., Woo, I., Simenstad, C.A., Takekawa, J.Y., Turner, K.L., Smith, A.L., and Takekawa, J.E., 2014, Foraging and growth potential of juvenile Chinook Salmon after tidal restoration of a large river delta: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 143, no. 6, p. 1515-1529, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2014.945663.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1515","endPage":"1529","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-04-01","temporalEnd":"2012-07-31","ipdsId":"IP-051717","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Foraging_and_Growth_Potential_of_Juvenile_Chinook_Salmon_after_Tidal_Restoration_of_a_Large_River_Delta/1246730","text":"External Repository"},{"id":307440,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Nisqually River delta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.10043334960938,\n              47.01678007415223\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.10043334960938,\n              47.34626718205302\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.51129150390625,\n              47.34626718205302\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.51129150390625,\n              47.01678007415223\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.10043334960938,\n              47.01678007415223\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"143","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dd91b4e4b0518e354dd167","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"David, Aaron T.","contributorId":146988,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"David","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":16765,"text":"U of Wash, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellings, Christopher","contributorId":146989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ellings","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[{"id":16766,"text":"Nisqually Indian Tribe, Dep't of Natural Resources, Olympia, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woo, Isa 0000-0002-8447-9236 iwoo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8447-9236","contributorId":2524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woo","given":"Isa","email":"iwoo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simenstad, Charles A.","contributorId":88477,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simenstad","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Turner, Kelley L.","contributorId":146990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turner","given":"Kelley","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":16767,"text":"WERC, USGS former employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, Ashley L. alsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Ashley","email":"alsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Takekawa, Jean E.","contributorId":146991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Takekawa","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":16768,"text":"USFWS, Nisqually NWR, Olympia, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70158996,"text":"70158996 - 2014 - Mercury and methylmercury stream concentrations in a Coastal Plain watershed: A multi-scale simulation analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T15:47:55","indexId":"70158996","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury and methylmercury stream concentrations in a Coastal Plain watershed: A multi-scale simulation analysis","docAbstract":"<p>Mercury is a ubiquitous global environmental toxicant responsible for most US fish advisories. Processes governing mercury concentrations in rivers and streams are not well understood, particularly at multiple spatial scales. We investigate how insights gained from reach-scale mercury data and model simulations can be applied at broader watershed scales using a spatially and temporally explicit watershed hydrology and biogeochemical cycling model, VELMA. We simulate fate and transport using reach-scale (0.1 km2) study data and evaluate applications to multiple watershed scales. Reach-scale VELMA parameterization was applied to two nested sub-watersheds (28 km2 and 25 km2) and the encompassing watershed (79 km2). Results demonstrate that simulated flow and total mercury concentrations compare reasonably to observations at different scales, but simulated methylmercury concentrations are out-of-phase with observations. These findings suggest that intricacies of methylmercury biogeochemical cycling and transport are under-represented in VELMA and underscore the complexity of simulating mercury fate and transport.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2013.12.026","usgsCitation":"Knightes, C.D., Golden, H., Journey, C.A., Davis, G.M., Conrads, P., Marvin-DiPasquale, M., Brigham, M.E., and Bradley, P.M., 2014, Mercury and methylmercury stream concentrations in a Coastal Plain watershed: A multi-scale simulation analysis: Environmental Pollution, v. 187, p. 182-192, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.12.026.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"182","endPage":"192","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063377","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309838,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"McTier Creek Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.60507202148438,\n              33.75060604160645\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.60507202148438,\n              33.821370991333076\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.51168823242188,\n              33.821370991333076\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.51168823242188,\n              33.75060604160645\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.60507202148438,\n              33.75060604160645\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"187","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"561e2b37e4b0cdb063e59cdf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knightes, Christopher D.","contributorId":32666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knightes","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Golden, Heather E.","contributorId":94914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golden","given":"Heather E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Journey, Celeste A. 0000-0002-2284-5851 cjourney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-5851","contributorId":2617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Journey","given":"Celeste","email":"cjourney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":577196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, Gary M.","contributorId":12741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":577198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark 0000-0002-8186-9167 mmarvin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-9167","contributorId":149175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","email":"mmarvin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brigham, Mark E. 0000-0001-7412-6800 mbrigham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7412-6800","contributorId":1840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brigham","given":"Mark","email":"mbrigham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70155074,"text":"70155074 - 2014 - The role of protected area wetlands in waterfowl habitat conservation:  implications for protected area network design","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-05T12:13:46","indexId":"70155074","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of protected area wetlands in waterfowl habitat conservation:  implications for protected area network design","docAbstract":"<p>The principal goal of protected area networks is biodiversity preservation, but efficacy of such networks is directly linked to animal movement within and outside area boundaries. We examined wetland selection patterns of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) during non-breeding periods from 2010 to 2012 to evaluate the utility of protected areas to migratory waterfowl in North America. We tracked 33 adult females using global positioning system (GPS) satellite transmitters and implemented a use-availability resource selection design to examine mallard use of wetlands under varying degrees of protection. Specifically, we examined effects of proximities to National Wildlife Refuges, private land, state wildlife management areas, Wetland Reserve Program easements (WRP), and waterfowl sanctuaries on mallard wetland selection. In addition, we included landscape-level variables that measured areas of sanctuary and WRP within the surrounding landscape of each used and available wetland. We developed 8 wetland selection models according to season (autumn migration, winter, spring migration), hunting season (present, absent), and time period (diurnal, nocturnal). Model averaged parameter estimates indicated wetland selection patterns varied across seasons and time periods, but ducks consistently selected wetlands with greater areas of sanctuary and WRP in the surrounding landscape. Consequently, WRP has the potential to supplement protected area networks in the midcontinent region. Additionally, seasonal variation in wetland selection patterns indicated considering the effects of habitat management and anthropogenic disturbances on migratory waterfowl during the non-breeding period is essential in designing protected area networks.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2014.05.018","usgsCitation":"Beatty, W.S., Kesler, D.C., Webb, E.B., Raedeke, A.H., Naylor, L.W., and Humburg, D.D., 2014, The role of protected area wetlands in waterfowl habitat conservation:  implications for protected area network design: Biological Conservation, v. 176, p. 144-152, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.05.018.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"144","endPage":"152","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-09-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-053209","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306433,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","volume":"176","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c333b0e4b033ef52106aa1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beatty, William S. 0000-0003-0013-3113","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0013-3113","contributorId":146301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beatty","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kesler, Dylan C.","contributorId":14358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kesler","given":"Dylan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6769,"text":"University of Missouri, Columbia, MO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Webb, Elisabeth B. 0000-0003-3851-6056 ewebb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3851-6056","contributorId":3981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Elisabeth","email":"ewebb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Raedeke, Andrew H.","contributorId":94083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raedeke","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Naylor, Luke W.","contributorId":145840,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Naylor","given":"Luke","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Humburg, Dale D.","contributorId":79357,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Humburg","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13073,"text":"Ducks Unlimited, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70155072,"text":"70155072 - 2014 - Landscape effects on mallard habitat selection at multiple spatial scales during the non-breeding period","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-05T12:21:51","indexId":"70155072","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape effects on mallard habitat selection at multiple spatial scales during the non-breeding period","docAbstract":"<p>Previous studies that evaluated effects of landscape-scale habitat heterogeneity on migratory waterbird distributions were spatially limited and temporally restricted to one major life-history phase. However, effects of landscape-scale habitat heterogeneity on long-distance migratory waterbirds can be studied across the annual cycle using new technologies, including global positioning system satellite transmitters. We used Bayesian discrete choice models to examine the influence of local habitats and landscape composition on habitat selection by a generalist dabbling duck, the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), in the midcontinent of North America during the non-breeding period. Using a previously published empirical movement metric, we separated the non-breeding period into three seasons, including autumn migration, winter, and spring migration. We defined spatial scales based on movement patterns such that movements &gt;0.25 and &lt;30.00 km were classified as local scale and movements &gt;30.00 km were classified as relocation scale. Habitat selection at the local scale was generally influenced by local and landscape-level variables across all seasons. Variables in top models at the local scale included proximities to cropland, emergent wetland, open water, and woody wetland. Similarly, variables associated with area of cropland, emergent wetland, open water, and woody wetland were also included at the local scale. At the relocation scale, mallards selected resource units based on more generalized variables, including proximity to wetlands and total wetland area. Our results emphasize the role of landscape composition in waterbird habitat selection and provide further support for local wetland landscapes to be considered functional units of waterbird conservation and management.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Spring Netherlands","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10980-014-0035-x","usgsCitation":"Beatty, W.S., Webb, E.B., Kesler, D.C., Raedeke, A.H., Naylor, L.W., and Humburg, D.D., 2014, Landscape effects on mallard habitat selection at multiple spatial scales during the non-breeding period: Landscape Ecology, v. 29, no. 6, p. 989-1000, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-014-0035-x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"989","endPage":"1000","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-09-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-051645","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306434,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","volume":"29","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c333aee4b033ef52106a9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beatty, William S. 0000-0003-0013-3113","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0013-3113","contributorId":146301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beatty","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, Elisabeth B. 0000-0003-3851-6056 ewebb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3851-6056","contributorId":3981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Elisabeth","email":"ewebb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kesler, Dylan C.","contributorId":14358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kesler","given":"Dylan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6769,"text":"University of Missouri, Columbia, MO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Raedeke, Andrew H.","contributorId":94083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raedeke","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Naylor, Luke W.","contributorId":145840,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Naylor","given":"Luke","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Humburg, Dale D.","contributorId":79357,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Humburg","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13073,"text":"Ducks Unlimited, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70155071,"text":"70155071 - 2014 - Effects of satellite transmitters on captive and wild mallards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-05T12:50:18","indexId":"70155071","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of satellite transmitters on captive and wild mallards","docAbstract":"<p><span>Satellite telemetry has become a leading method for studying large-scale movements and survival in birds, yet few have addressed potential effects of the larger and heavier tracking equipment on study subjects. We simultaneously evaluated effects of satellite telemetry equipment on captive and wild mallards (</span><i>Anas platyrhynchos</i><span>) to assess impacts on behavior, body mass, and movement. We randomly assigned 55 captive ducks to one of 3 treatment groups, including a standard body harness group, a modified harness group, and a control group. Ducks in the control group were not fitted with equipment, whereas individuals in the other 2 groups were fitted with dummy transmitters attached with a Teflon ribbon harness or with a similar harness constructed of nylon cord. At the conclusion of the 14-week captive study, mean body mass of birds in the control group was 40&ndash;105&thinsp;g (95% CI) greater than birds with standard harnesses, and 28&ndash;99&thinsp;g (95% CI) greater than birds with modified harnesses. Further, results of focal behavior observations indicated ducks with transmitters were less likely to be in water than control birds. We also tested whether movements of wild birds marked with a similar Teflon harness satellite transmitter aligned with population movements reported by on-the-ground observers who indexed local abundances of mid-continent mallards throughout the non-breeding period. Results indicated birds marked with satellite transmitters moved concurrently with the larger unmarked population. Our results have broad implications for field research and suggest that investigators should consider potential for physiological and behavioral effects brought about by tracking equipment. Nonetheless, results from wild ducks indicate satellite telemetry has the potential to provide useful movement data.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.1002/wsb.437","usgsCitation":"Kesler, D.C., Raedeke, A.H., Foggia, J.R., Beatty, W.S., Webb, E.B., Humburg, D.D., and Naylor, L.W., 2014, Effects of satellite transmitters on captive and wild mallards: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 38, no. 3, p. 557-565, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.437.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"557","endPage":"565","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-07-29","temporalEnd":"2010-12-15","ipdsId":"IP-046213","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/279f09d07e584f4dbb5cc48de0afff3a","text":"External Repository"},{"id":306437,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.39599609375,\n              30.12612436422458\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.71484375,\n              42.53689200787317\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.8681640625,\n              48.122101028190805\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.7236328125,\n              49.781264058178365\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.99658203125,\n              52.77618568896171\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.0166015625,\n              52.78947558139887\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.1484375,\n              49.009050809382046\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.17236328125,\n              48.66194284607008\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.0625,\n              40.94671366508002\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.9970703125,\n              39.9602803542957\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.94189453125,\n              35.460669951495305\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.8876953125,\n              31.259769987394286\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.21875,\n              29.36302703778376\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.39599609375,\n              30.12612436422458\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c333ace4b033ef52106a8e","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/wsb.437","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wsb.437","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Kesler Dylan C., Raedeke Andrew H., Foggia Jennifer R., Beatty William S., Webb Elisabeth B., Humburg Dale D., Naylor Luke W.","journalName":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","publicationDate":"5/7/2014","auditedOn":"11/1/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kesler, Dylan C.","contributorId":14358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kesler","given":"Dylan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6769,"text":"University of Missouri, Columbia, MO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raedeke, Andrew H.","contributorId":94083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raedeke","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foggia, Jennifer R.","contributorId":146302,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foggia","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beatty, William S. 0000-0003-0013-3113","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0013-3113","contributorId":146301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beatty","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Webb, Elisabeth B. 0000-0003-3851-6056 ewebb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3851-6056","contributorId":3981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Elisabeth","email":"ewebb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Humburg, Dale D.","contributorId":79357,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Humburg","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13073,"text":"Ducks Unlimited, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Naylor, Luke W.","contributorId":145840,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Naylor","given":"Luke","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70169154,"text":"70169154 - 2014 - Trouble in the aquatic world: How wildlife professionals are battling amphibian declines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:00:27","indexId":"70169154","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3587,"text":"The Wildlife Professional","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trouble in the aquatic world: How wildlife professionals are battling amphibian declines","docAbstract":"<p>A parasitic fungus, similar to the one that caused the extinction of numerous tropical frog and toad species, is killing salamanders in Europe. Scientists first identified the fungus,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans,<span>&nbsp;</span></i>in 2013 as the culprit behind the death of fire salamanders (<i>Salamandr</i><i>a salamandra</i>) in the Netherlands (<a href=\"http://www.amphibia.be/downloads/PNAS_2013.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.amphibia.be/downloads/PNAS_2013.pdf\">Martel et al. 2013</a>) and are now exploring its potential impact to other species. Although the fungus, which kills the amphibians by infecting their skin, has not yet spread to the United States, researchers believe it’s only a matter of time before it does and, when that happens, the impact on salamander populations could be devastating (<a href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/346/6209/630.short\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/346/6209/630.short\">Martel et al. 2014</a>).</p><p>Reports of worldwide declines of amphibians began a quarter of a century ago (<a href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0169534790901292\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0169534790901292\">Blaustein &amp;<span>&nbsp;</span></a><a href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0169534790901292\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0169534790901292\">Wake 1990</a>). Globally, some amphibian population declines occurred in the late 1950s and early 1960s, and declining trends continued in North America (<a href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v404/n6779/abs/404752a0.html\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v404/n6779/abs/404752a0.html\">Houlahan et al. 2000</a>). In the earlier years, population declines were attributed primarily to overharvest due to unregulated supply of species such as the northern leopard frog (<i>Lithobate</i><i>s pipiens</i>) for educational use (<a href=\"https://jhupbooks.press.jhu.edu/content/frogs-united-states-and-canada-2-vol-set\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"https://jhupbooks.press.jhu.edu/content/frogs-united-states-and-canada-2-vol-set\">Dodd</a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https://jhupbooks.press.jhu.edu/content/frogs-united-states-and-canada-2-vol-set\" data-mce-href=\"https://jhupbooks.press.jhu.edu/content/frogs-united-states-and-canada-2-vol-set\">2013</a>). In later years, however, causes of declines were less evident. In 1989, herpetologists at the First World Congress of Herpetology traded alarming stories of losses across continents and in seemingly protected landscapes, making it clear that amphibian population declines were a “global phenomenon.” In response to these reports, in 1991, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) established the Declining Amphibian Populations Task Force to better understand the scale and scope of global amphibian declines. Unfortunately, the absence of long-term monitoring data and targeted studies made it difficult for the task force to compile information.</p><p>Today, according to AmphibiaWeb.org, there are 7,342 amphibian species in the world — double the number since the first alerts of declines — making the situation appear deceptively less dire. In fact, our understanding of genetic diversity significantly raises the stakes, and we are at risk of losing far more species than we believed only a few years ago. According to the IUCN, amphibians now lead the list of vertebrate taxa affected by the larger “biodiversity crisis” and sixth major mass- extinction event on Earth (<a href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cobi.12234/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cobi.12234/abstract\">Keith et al. 2014</a>,<span>&nbsp;</span><a href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0169534790901292\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0169534790901292\">Wake</a><a href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0169534790901292\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0169534790901292\"><span>&nbsp;</span>and Vredenburg 2008</a>).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","usgsCitation":"Olson, D.H., and Chestnut, T.E., 2014, Trouble in the aquatic world: How wildlife professionals are battling amphibian declines: The Wildlife Professional, v. 8, no. 4, p. 28-31.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"28","endPage":"31","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060298","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319205,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":319204,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildlife.org/trouble-in-the-aquatic-world/"}],"volume":"8","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be56e4b0f59b85e02f59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, Deanna H.","contributorId":114032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Deanna","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chestnut, Tara E. chestnut@usgs.gov","contributorId":3921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chestnut","given":"Tara","email":"chestnut@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":623249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70111959,"text":"70111959 - 2014 - The effects of harvest on waterfowl populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-11T11:44:22","indexId":"70111959","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T23:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of harvest on waterfowl populations","docAbstract":"<p>Change in the size of populations over space and time is, arguably, the motivation for&nbsp;much of pure and applied ecological research. The fundamental model for the&nbsp;dynamics of any population is straightforward: the net change in the abundance is the&nbsp;simple difference between the number of individuals entering the population and the&nbsp;number leaving the population, either or both of which may change in response to&nbsp;factors intrinsic and extrinsic to the population. While harvest of individuals from a&nbsp;population constitutes a clear extrinsic source of removal of individuals, the response&nbsp;of populations to harvest is frequently complex, reflecting an interaction of harvest&nbsp;with one or more population processes. Here we consider the role of these interactions,&nbsp;and factors influencing them, on the effective harvest management of waterfowl&nbsp;populations. We review historical ideas concerning harvest and discuss the&nbsp;relationship(s) between waterfowl life histories and the development and application of&nbsp;population models to inform harvest management. The influence of population&nbsp;structure (age, spatial) on derivation of optimal harvest strategies (with and without&nbsp;explicit consideration of various sources of uncertainty) is considered. In addition to&nbsp;population structure, we discuss how the optimal harvest strategy may be influenced by:&nbsp;1) patterns of density-dependence in one or more vital rates, and 2) heterogeneity in&nbsp;vital rates among individuals within an age-sex-size class. Although derivation of the&nbsp;optimal harvest strategy for simple population models (with or without structure) is&nbsp;generally straightforward, there are several potential difficulties in application. In&nbsp;particular, uncertainty concerning the population structure at the time of harvest, and&nbsp;the ability to regulate the structure of the harvest itself, are significant complications.&nbsp;We therefore review the evidence of effects of harvest on waterfowl populations. Some of this evidence has focussed on correspondence of data with more phenomenological&nbsp;models and other evidence relates to specific mechanisms, including densitydependence&nbsp;and heterogeneity. An important part of this evidence is found in the&nbsp;evolution of model weights under various adaptive harvest management programmes&nbsp;of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for North American waterfowl.</p>\n<p>Overall, there is substantial uncertainty about system dynamics, about the impacts&nbsp;of potential management and conservation decisions on those dynamics, and how to&nbsp;optimise management decisions in the presence of such uncertainties. Such&nbsp;relationships are unlikely to be stationary over space or time, and selective harvest of&nbsp;some individuals can potentially alter life history allocation of resources over time &ndash;&nbsp;both of which will potentially influence optimal harvest strategies. These sources of&nbsp;variation and uncertainty argue for the use of adaptive approaches to waterfowl&nbsp;harvest management.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildfowl and Wetland Trust","usgsCitation":"Cooch, E.G., Guillemain, M., Boomer, G., Lebreton, J., and Nichols, J., 2014, The effects of harvest on waterfowl populations: Wildfowl, v. Special Issue 4, p. 220-276.","productDescription":"57 p.","startPage":"220","endPage":"276","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055408","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325007,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325006,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildfowl.wwt.org.uk/index.php/wildfowl/article/view/2608"}],"volume":"Special Issue 4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5784c345e4b0e02680be59ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooch, Evan G.","contributorId":100673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooch","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guillemain, Matthieu","contributorId":141131,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guillemain","given":"Matthieu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13683,"text":"French National Hunting and Wildlife Agency (ONCFS)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boomer, G Scott","contributorId":172150,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boomer","given":"G Scott","affiliations":[{"id":26994,"text":"Div. of Migratory Bird Management, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, MD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lebreton, Jean-Dominique","contributorId":172792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lebreton","given":"Jean-Dominique","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":518931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70136286,"text":"ofr20141263 - 2014 - The critical role of islands for waterbird breeding and foraging habitat in managed ponds of the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project, South San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-09T12:11:02","indexId":"ofr20141263","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1263","title":"The critical role of islands for waterbird breeding and foraging habitat in managed ponds of the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project, South San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>The South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project aims to restore 50&ndash;90 percent of former salt evaporation ponds into tidal marsh in South San Francisco Bay, California. However, large numbers of waterbirds use these ponds annually as nesting and foraging habitat. Islands within ponds are particularly important habitat for nesting, foraging, and roosting waterbirds. To maintain current waterbird populations, the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project plans to create new islands within former salt ponds in South San Francisco Bay. In a series of studies, we investigated pond and individual island attributes that are most beneficial to nesting, foraging, and roosting waterbirds.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141263","usgsCitation":"Ackerman, J., Hartman, C.A., Herzog, M.P., Smith, L.M., Moskal, S.M., De La Cruz, S.E., Yee, J.L., and Takekawa, J.Y., 2014, The critical role of islands for waterbird breeding and foraging habitat in managed ponds of the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project, South San Francisco Bay, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1263, vi, 108 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141263.","productDescription":"vi, 108 p.","numberOfPages":"118","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061341","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37273,"text":"Advanced Research Computing (ARC)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296965,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141263.jpg"},{"id":296964,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1263/pdf/ofr2014-1263.pdf","size":"3.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296963,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1263/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.66510009765625,\n              37.45959832290546\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.66510009765625,\n              37.98750437106374\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.90979003906249,\n              37.98750437106374\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.90979003906249,\n              37.45959832290546\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.66510009765625,\n              37.45959832290546\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2abee4b08de9379b31c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hartman, C. Alex 0000-0002-7222-1633 chartman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7222-1633","contributorId":131109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"C.","email":"chartman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alex","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herzog, Mark P. 0000-0002-5203-2835 mherzog@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5203-2835","contributorId":131110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzog","given":"Mark","email":"mherzog@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Lacy M. 0000-0001-6733-1080 lmsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6733-1080","contributorId":4772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Lacy","email":"lmsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moskal, Stacy M. smoskal@usgs.gov","contributorId":4189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moskal","given":"Stacy","email":"smoskal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"De La Cruz, Susan E.W. 0000-0001-6315-0864 sdelacruz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6315-0864","contributorId":3248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De La Cruz","given":"Susan","email":"sdelacruz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.W.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yee, Julie L. 0000-0003-1782-157X julie_yee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1782-157X","contributorId":3246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yee","given":"Julie","email":"julie_yee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70136100,"text":"70136100 - 2014 - Northwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-08T18:46:09.759346","indexId":"70136100","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T12:41:48","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"21","title":"Northwest","docAbstract":"<p>Key Messages </p><p>1. Changes in the timing of streamflow related to changing snowmelt are already observed and will continue, reducing the supply of water for many competing demands and causing far-reaching ecological and socioeconomic consequences. </p><p>2. In the coastal zone, the effects of sea level rise, erosion, inundation, threats to infrastructure and habitat, and increasing ocean acidity collectively pose a major threat to the region. </p><p>3. The combined impacts of increasing wildfire, insect outbreaks, and tree diseases are already causing widespread tree die-off and are virtually certain to cause additional forest mortality by the 2040s and long-term transformation of forest landscapes. Under higher emissions scenarios, extensive conversion of subalpine forests to other forest types is projected by the 2080s. </p><p>4. While the agriculture sector’s technical ability to adapt to changing conditions can offset some adverse impacts of a changing climate, there remain critical concerns for agriculture with respect to costs of adaptation, development of more climate resilient technologies and management, and availability and timing of water.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"National Climate Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Global Change Research Program","usgsCitation":"Mote, P.W., Snover, A.K., Capalbo, S.M., Eigenbrode, S.D., Glick, P., Littell, J.S., Raymondi, R., and Reeder, S., 2014, Northwest, chap. 21 <i>of</i> National Climate Assessment, p. 487-513.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"487","endPage":"513","ipdsId":"IP-051986","costCenters":[{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49028,"text":"Alaska Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381120,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":381119,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://nca2014.globalchange.gov/downloads"},{"id":381118,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://nca2014.globalchange.gov/system/files_force/downloads/high/NCA3_Full_Report_21_Northwest_HighRes.pdf?download=1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.23339843749999,\n              42.032974332441405\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.005859375,\n              41.934976500546604\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.181640625,\n              44.715513732021336\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.8076171875,\n              44.465151013519616\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.0380859375,\n              45.644768217751924\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.3896484375,\n              45.583289756006316\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.345703125,\n              46.73986059969267\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.97167968750001,\n              48.04870994288686\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.1474609375,\n              49.009050809382046\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.134765625,\n              49.03786794532644\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.31054687499999,\n              48.28319289548349\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.068359375,\n              48.45835188280866\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.49707031249999,\n              46.800059446787316\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.4091796875,\n              44.49650533109348\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.5849609375,\n              42.779275360241904\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.23339843749999,\n              42.032974332441405\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mote, Philip W.","contributorId":36857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mote","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snover, Amy K.","contributorId":11511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snover","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Capalbo, Susan M.","contributorId":48864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capalbo","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eigenbrode, Sanford D.","contributorId":23440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eigenbrode","given":"Sanford","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Glick, Patricia","contributorId":131070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glick","given":"Patricia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7224,"text":"National Wildlife Federation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Littell, Jeremy S. 0000-0002-5302-8280 jlittell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5302-8280","contributorId":4428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Littell","given":"Jeremy","email":"jlittell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Raymondi, Richard","contributorId":131071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raymondi","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7225,"text":"Idaho Department of Water Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Reeder, Spencer","contributorId":131072,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reeder","given":"Spencer","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7226,"text":"Cascadia Consulting Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70210770,"text":"70210770 - 2014 - Yellowstone River Compact Commission sixty-third annual report, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-29T15:08:13.958542","indexId":"70210770","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T10:26:04","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5883,"text":"Cooperator Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"displayTitle":"Yellowstone River Compact Commission Sixty-Third Annual Report, 2014","title":"Yellowstone River Compact Commission sixty-third annual report, 2014","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Yellowstone River Compact Commission","usgsCitation":"Berkas, W.R., 2014, Yellowstone River Compact Commission sixty-third annual report, 2014: Cooperator Report, xvi, 39 p.","productDescription":"xvi, 39 p.","ipdsId":"IP-069782","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375853,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":375832,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/water-resources/YRCC-docs/YRCCAnnualReport2014.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, North Dakota, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -103.6669921875,\n              48.03401915864286\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.86474609375,\n              48.48748647988415\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.56787109374999,\n              48.531157010976706\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.9189453125,\n              47.15984001304432\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.61035156249999,\n              46.63435070293566\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.51123046875,\n              46.118941506107056\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.15966796875,\n              45.1510532655634\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.36865234374999,\n              44.19795903948531\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.96240234375,\n              42.73087427928485\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.75390625,\n              42.48830197960227\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.45751953125,\n              43.16512263158296\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.18310546875,\n              44.574817404670306\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.6669921875,\n              48.03401915864286\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berkas, Wayne R. wrberkas@usgs.gov","contributorId":425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berkas","given":"Wayne","email":"wrberkas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70129056,"text":"70129056 - 2014 - Optimally managing water resources in large river basins for an uncertain future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T08:25:43","indexId":"70129056","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Optimally managing water resources in large river basins for an uncertain future","docAbstract":"Managers of large river basins face conflicting needs for water resources such as wildlife habitat, water supply, wastewater assimilative capacity, flood control, hydroelectricity, and recreation. The Savannah River Basin for example, has experienced three major droughts since 2000 that resulted in record low water levels in its reservoirs, impacting local economies for years. The Savannah River Basin’s coastal area contains municipal water intakes and the ecologically sensitive freshwater tidal marshes of the Savannah National Wildlife Refuge. The Port of Savannah is the fourth busiest in the United States, and modifications to the harbor have caused saltwater to migrate upstream, reducing the freshwater marsh’s acreage more than 50 percent since the 1970s. There is a planned deepening of the harbor that includes flow-alteration features to minimize further migration of salinity. The effectiveness of the flow-alteration features will only be known after they are constructed.\r\n   One of the challenges of basin management is the optimization of water use through ongoing development, droughts, and climate change. This paper describes a model of the Savannah River Basin designed to continuously optimize regulated flow to meet prioritized objectives set by resource managers and stakeholders. The model was developed from historical data by using machine learning, making it more accurate and adaptable to changing conditions than traditional models. The model is coupled to an optimization routine that computes the daily flow needed to most efficiently meet the water-resource management objectives. The model and optimization routine are packaged in a decision support system that makes it easy for managers and stakeholders to use. Simulation results show that flow can be regulated to significantly reduce salinity intrusions in the Savannah National Wildlife Refuge while conserving more water in the reservoirs. A method for using the model to assess the effectiveness of the flow-alteration features after the deepening also is demonstrated\r\n","conferenceTitle":"2014 South Carolina Water Resources Conference","conferenceDate":"October 15-16, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Columbia, SC","publisher":"Proceedings of the 2014 South Carolina Water Resources Conference","usgsCitation":"Edwin A. Roehl, J., and Conrads, P., 2014, Optimally managing water resources in large river basins for an uncertain future, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","ipdsId":"IP-059707","costCenters":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342456,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295418,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/scwrc/"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Savannah River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.1669921875,\n              31.781882156411022\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.804443359375,\n              31.781882156411022\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.804443359375,\n              32.24300560401558\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.1669921875,\n              32.24300560401558\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.1669921875,\n              31.781882156411022\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59424b3be4b0764e6c65dc4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwin A. Roehl, Jr.","contributorId":121477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwin A. Roehl","given":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70160721,"text":"70160721 - 2014 - Comparison of fishes in nearshore areas of the St. Lawrence River, New York over 35 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-05T12:38:10","indexId":"70160721","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5114,"text":"NYSDEC Lake Ontario Annual Report ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"2013","chapter":"21","title":"Comparison of fishes in nearshore areas of the St. Lawrence River, New York over 35 years","docAbstract":"Fishes of the nearshore waters of the St. Lawrence River provide forage for valuable sport fisheries and are important biological indicators of condition and change. This fish community differs slightly among various reaches of the St. Lawrence River from New York to Quebec (Carlson et al. 2006, Eckert and Hanlon 1977, Kapuscinski 2011, LaViolette et al. 2003, Mandrak et al. 2006, McKenna et al. 2005). Nearshore habitat has been described by McKenna et al. (2012), and others have suggested that there were changes over the last few decades (Clapsadl 1993, Kapuscinski and Farrell 2013). More definitive work needs to be completed on submerged aquatic vegetation habitats. In this paper, changes in the nearshore fish species composition for the New York reach from Cape Vincent to Moses-Saunders Dam are examined through comparison of results from 2009-2010 (McKenna et al. 2012) and 1976 surveys (Eckert and Hanlon 1977).","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"2013 Annual report: Bureau of Fisheries, Lake Ontario unit and St. Lawrence River unit, to the Great Lakes Fishery Commission’s Lake Ontario Committee","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"conferenceTitle":"Lake Ontario Committee Meeting","conferenceDate":"March 26-27, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Windsor, ON","language":"English","publisher":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","publisherLocation":"Albany, NY","usgsCitation":"Carlson, D.M., and McKenna, J., 2014, Comparison of fishes in nearshore areas of the St. Lawrence River, New York over 35 years: NYSDEC Lake Ontario Annual Report  2013, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"21-1","endPage":"21-5","ipdsId":"IP-055067","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340441,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351414,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://purl.nysed.gov/nysl/889897048"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"St. Lawrence River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.79443359375,\n              44.05601169578525\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.70703125,\n              44.05601169578525\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.70703125,\n              45.13555516012536\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.79443359375,\n              45.13555516012536\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.79443359375,\n              44.05601169578525\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5901b1c0e4b0c2e071a99bb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlson, Douglas M.","contributorId":91001,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carlson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13678,"text":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKenna, James E. Jr. 0000-0002-1428-7597 jemckenna@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1428-7597","contributorId":627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"James E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jemckenna@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":583686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70190302,"text":"70190302 - 2014 - Growth and survival of Apache Trout under static and fluctuating temperature regimes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-24T12:01:59","indexId":"70190302","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth and survival of Apache Trout under static and fluctuating temperature regimes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Increasing stream temperatures have important implications for arid-region fishes. Little is known about effects of high water temperatures that fluctuate over extended periods on Apache Trout&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus gilae apache</i><span>, a federally threatened species of southwestern USA streams. We compared survival and growth of juvenile Apache Trout held for 30 d in static temperatures (16, 19, 22, 25, and 28°C) and fluctuating diel temperatures (±3°C from 16, 19, 22 and 25°C midpoints and ±6°C from 19°C and 22°C midpoints). Lethal temperature for 50% (LT50) of the Apache Trout under static temperatures (mean [SD] = 22.8 [0.6]°C) was similar to that of ±3°C diel temperature fluctuations (23.1 [0.1]°C). Mean LT50 for the midpoint of the ±6°C fluctuations could not be calculated because survival in the two treatments (19 ± 6°C and 22 ± 6°C) was not below 50%; however, it probably was also between 22°C and 25°C because the upper limb of a ±6°C fluctuation on a 25°C midpoint is above critical thermal maximum for Apache Trout (28.5–30.4°C). Growth decreased as temperatures approached the LT50. Apache Trout can survive short-term exposure to water temperatures with daily maxima that remain below 25°C and midpoint diel temperatures below 22°C. However, median summer stream temperatures must remain below 19°C for best growth and even lower if daily fluctuations are high (≥12°C).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2014.931298","usgsCitation":"Recsetar, M.S., Bonar, S.A., and Feuerbacher, O., 2014, Growth and survival of Apache Trout under static and fluctuating temperature regimes: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 143, no. 5, p. 1247-1254, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2014.931298.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1247","endPage":"1254","ipdsId":"IP-056194","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345108,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"143","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"599fe5bbe4b038630d02210a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Recsetar, Matthew S.","contributorId":67395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Recsetar","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonar, Scott A. 0000-0003-3532-4067 sbonar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-4067","contributorId":3712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"sbonar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":708359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Feuerbacher, Olin","contributorId":187760,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Feuerbacher","given":"Olin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70189603,"text":"70189603 - 2014 - A large mantle water source for the northern San Andreas Fault System: A ghost of subduction past","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T10:34:27","indexId":"70189603","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1430,"text":"Earth, Planets and Space","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A large mantle water source for the northern San Andreas Fault System: A ghost of subduction past","docAbstract":"Recent research indicates that the shallow mantle of the Cascadia subduction margin under near-coastal Pacific Northwest U.S. is cold and partially serpentinized, storing large quantities of water in this wedge-shaped region. Such a wedge probably formed to the south in California during an earlier period of subduction. We show by numerical modeling that after subduction ceased with the creation of the San Andreas Fault System (SAFS), the mantle wedge warmed, slowly releasing its water over a period of more than 25 Ma by serpentine dehydration into the crust above. This deep, long-term water source could facilitate fault slip in San Andreas System at low shear stresses by raising pore pressures in a broad region above the wedge. Moreover, the location and breadth of the water release from this model gives insights into the position and breadth of the SAFS. Such a mantle source of water also likely plays a role in the occurrence of Non-Volcanic Tremor (NVT) that has been reported along the SAFS in central California. This process of water release from mantle depths could also mobilize mantle serpentinite from the wedge above the dehydration front, permitting upward emplacement of serpentinite bodies by faulting or by diapiric ascent. Specimens of serpentinite collected from tectonically emplaced serpentinite blocks along the SAFS show mineralogical and structural evidence of high fluid pressures during ascent from depth. Serpentinite dehydration may also lead to tectonic mobility along other plate boundaries that succeed subduction, such as other continental transforms, collision zones, or along present-day subduction zones where spreading centers are subducting.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/1880-5981-66-67","usgsCitation":"Kirby, S.H., Wang, K., and Brocher, T.M., 2014, A large mantle water source for the northern San Andreas Fault System: A ghost of subduction past: Earth, Planets and Space, v. 66-67, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/1880-5981-66-67.","productDescription":"18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-056085","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1880-5981-66-67","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344033,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -125.98022460937499,\n              35\n            ],\n            [\n              -120,\n              35\n            ],\n            [\n              -120,\n              41\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.98022460937499,\n              41\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.98022460937499,\n              35\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66-67","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fbbe4b0d1f9f065a8ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirby, Stephen H. 0000-0003-1636-4688 skirby@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1636-4688","contributorId":2752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"Stephen","email":"skirby@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, Kelin","contributorId":194791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Kelin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brocher, Thomas M. 0000-0002-9740-839X brocher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"Thomas","email":"brocher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70194467,"text":"70194467 - 2014 - The USGS-National Park Service Water Quality Partnership","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-29T10:39:28","indexId":"70194467","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3561,"text":"The George Wright Forum","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The USGS-National Park Service Water Quality Partnership","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"George Wright Society","usgsCitation":"Ellsworth, A.C., Nilles, M.A., and Rosenlieb, G., 2014, The USGS-National Park Service Water Quality Partnership: The George Wright Forum, v. 31, no. 2, p. 191-197.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"197","ipdsId":"IP-057456","costCenters":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349507,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349492,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/43598340"}],"country":"United States","volume":"31","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61003fe4b06e28e9c253ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellsworth, Alan C.","contributorId":172403,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5106,"text":"National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park, Mammoth, Wyoming 82190","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":723964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nilles, Mark A. manilles@usgs.gov","contributorId":3171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nilles","given":"Mark","email":"manilles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenlieb, Gary","contributorId":200967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosenlieb","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70194330,"text":"70194330 - 2014 - Concealed basalt-matrix diatremes with Cu-Au-Ag-(Mo)-mineralized xenoliths, Santa Cruz Porphyry Cu-(Mo) System, Pinal County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-29T10:02:12","indexId":"70194330","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concealed basalt-matrix diatremes with Cu-Au-Ag-(Mo)-mineralized xenoliths, Santa Cruz Porphyry Cu-(Mo) System, Pinal County, Arizona","docAbstract":"<p>The Santa Cruz porphyry Cu-(Mo) system near Casa Grande, Arizona, includes the Sacaton mine deposits and at least five other concealed, mineralized fault blocks with an estimated minimum resource of 1.5 Gt @ 0.6% Cu. The Late Cretaceous-Paleocene system has been dismembered and rotated by Tertiary extension, partially eroded, and covered by Tertiary-Quaternary basin-fill deposits. The mine and mineralized fault blocks, which form an 11 km (~7 miles) by 1.6 km (~1 mile) NE-SW–trending alignment, represent either pieces of one large deposit, several deposits, or pieces of several deposits. The southwestern part of the known system is penetrated by three or more diatremes that consist of heterolithic breccia pipes with basalt and clastic matrices, and subannular tuff ring and maar-fill sedimentary deposits associated with vents. The tephra and maar-fill deposits, which are covered by ~485 to 910 m (~1,600–3,000 ft) of basin fill, lie on a mid-Tertiary erosion surface of Middle Proterozoic granite and Late Cretaceous porphyry, which compose most xenoliths in pipes and are the host rocks of the system. Some igneous xenoliths in the pipes contain bornite-chalcopyrite-covellite assemblages with hypogene grades &gt;1 wt % Cu, 0.01 ounces per ton (oz/t) Au, 0.5 oz/t Ag, and small amounts of Mo (&lt;0.01 wt %). These xenoliths were derived from mineralized rocks that have not been encountered in drill holes, and attest to additional, possibly higher-grade deposits within or subjacent to the known system.</p><p>The geometry, stratigraphy, and temporal relationships of pipes and tephras, interpreted from drill hole spacing and intercepts, multigenerational breccias and matrices, reequilibrated and partially decomposed sulfide-oxide mineral assemblages, melted xenoliths, and breccia matrix compositions show that the diatremes formed in repeated stages. Initial pulses of basalt magma fractured granite, porphyry, and other crustal rocks during intrusion, transported multi-sized fragments of these rocks upward, and partially melted small fragments. Rapid decompression of magma induced catastrophic devolatilization that ruptured overlying rocks to the surface, and generated fragment-volatile suspensions that abraded conduits into near-vertical cylindrical structures. Fragments entrained in suspensions were milled and sorted, and ejected as basal surge, pyroclastic deposits, and airfall tephra that built tuff rings around vents and filled vent depressions. Comminuted m- to mm-sized fragments of wall rocks in magma and suspensions that remained in conduits solidified as heterolithic breccias. Subsequent pulses of basalt magma ascended through the same conduits, brecciated older heterolithic breccias, devolatilized, and quenched, leaving two or more generations of nested and mingled heterolithic breccias and internal zones of fluidized fragments. Tephra and maar-fill deposits from later eruptions are composed of more hydrous and oxidized minerals than earlier tephras, reflecting a higher proportion of water in transport fluid which, based on fluid inclusion populations in mineralized xenoliths, was saline water and CO<sub>2</sub>. The large vertical extent (~600 m; ~2,000 ft) of basalt matrix in pipes, near-paleosurface matrix vesiculation, and plastically deformed basalt lapilli indicates that diatreme eruptions were predominantly phreatic.</p><p>Diatreme xenoliths represent crustal stratigraphy and, as in the Santa Cruz system, provide evidence of concealed mineral resources that can guide exploration drilling through cover. Vectors to the source of bornite-dominant xenoliths containing &gt;1% Cu and significant Au and Ag could be determined by refinement of breccia pipe geometries, by reassembly of mineralized fault blocks using modal, chemical, and temporal characteristics of hydrothermal mineral assemblages and fluid inclusions, and by paleodrainage analysis.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.109.5.1271","usgsCitation":"Vikre, P.G., Graybeal, F., and Koutz, F.R., 2014, Concealed basalt-matrix diatremes with Cu-Au-Ag-(Mo)-mineralized xenoliths, Santa Cruz Porphyry Cu-(Mo) System, Pinal County, Arizona: Economic Geology, v. 109, no. 5, p. 1271-1289, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.109.5.1271.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1271","endPage":"1289","ipdsId":"IP-050076","costCenters":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349446,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Pinal County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-110.4491,33.1944],[-110.4484,32.5144],[-110.5485,32.5139],[-110.685,32.5147],[-110.6942,32.5143],[-110.7045,32.5145],[-110.7562,32.5146],[-110.8405,32.5136],[-110.8405,32.5114],[-110.8546,32.512],[-110.9509,32.5124],[-111.0634,32.5121],[-111.0982,32.5119],[-111.1547,32.5114],[-111.1548,32.5028],[-111.2054,32.5027],[-111.2228,32.5028],[-111.2625,32.5031],[-111.4468,32.5023],[-111.4642,32.5019],[-111.4712,32.5019],[-111.5674,32.5019],[-111.5674,32.5069],[-111.5875,32.507],[-111.655,32.5067],[-111.6723,32.5063],[-111.7218,32.5065],[-111.7397,32.507],[-111.7566,32.5065],[-111.7898,32.5066],[-111.7936,32.5066],[-112.0996,32.5077],[-112.2029,32.5071],[-112.2021,32.5955],[-112.2022,32.6405],[-112.2023,32.682],[-112.2023,32.6952],[-112.2024,32.7221],[-112.2025,32.7553],[-112.2025,32.7699],[-112.2025,32.7817],[-112.2026,32.7922],[-112.202,32.799],[-112.2021,32.8241],[-112.2016,32.8568],[-112.2023,32.8869],[-112.2018,32.9324],[-112.2013,32.9434],[-112.2019,32.9443],[-112.2014,32.9884],[-112.2014,33.0034],[-112.2015,33.0317],[-112.1999,33.0317],[-112.2,33.0772],[-112.2,33.0913],[-112.1995,33.1068],[-112.2001,33.119],[-112.2002,33.165],[-112.1998,33.2064],[-112.2004,33.2483],[-112.1999,33.2633],[-112.2,33.2915],[-112.2017,33.2915],[-112.2011,33.3079],[-112.1989,33.3061],[-112.1973,33.302],[-112.1962,33.2965],[-112.1951,33.2902],[-112.1912,33.2806],[-112.189,33.2774],[-112.184,33.2743],[-112.1807,33.2715],[-112.1785,33.2683],[-112.1785,33.2643],[-112.1752,33.2597],[-112.1719,33.2588],[-112.1692,33.257],[-112.1653,33.2584],[-112.1609,33.2579],[-112.1554,33.2543],[-112.1533,33.2547],[-112.1505,33.2561],[-112.1445,33.2552],[-112.1428,33.2552],[-112.1395,33.2538],[-112.1384,33.252],[-112.1373,33.2498],[-112.1395,33.2452],[-112.1379,33.2425],[-112.1346,33.2397],[-112.1324,33.2393],[-112.1307,33.2379],[-112.1285,33.2384],[-112.1247,33.2384],[-112.1214,33.2375],[-112.1176,33.2343],[-112.1148,33.2352],[-112.1093,33.2343],[-112.1055,33.2352],[-112.1038,33.2334],[-112.0984,33.2284],[-112.0956,33.2275],[-112.0945,33.2275],[-112.0912,33.2275],[-112.0896,33.2243],[-112.089,33.2211],[-112.0874,33.2184],[-112.0874,33.2143],[-112.0857,33.2107],[-112.083,33.2098],[-112.0813,33.2084],[-112.0764,33.2052],[-111.8905,33.2038],[-111.6832,33.2048],[-111.58,33.2054],[-111.5819,33.3801],[-111.5786,33.3806],[-111.5792,33.4661],[-111.5099,33.4658],[-111.4741,33.4661],[-111.4576,33.466],[-111.4405,33.4664],[-111.0647,33.4649],[-111.0344,33.4651],[-111.0262,33.4518],[-111.0032,33.4043],[-110.993,33.3846],[-110.986,33.3722],[-110.9759,33.344],[-110.9616,33.3033],[-110.9537,33.281],[-110.9431,33.2527],[-110.8814,33.1506],[-110.8723,33.1359],[-110.8632,33.1208],[-110.8547,33.1062],[-110.852,33.1016],[-110.8456,33.0924],[-110.8365,33.0782],[-110.807,33.0337],[-110.8006,33.0228],[-110.7807,32.9862],[-110.7643,32.9873],[-110.763,33.0047],[-110.7563,33.0054],[-110.7459,33.0101],[-110.7277,33.0271],[-110.7268,33.0281],[-110.7265,33.0292],[-110.7274,33.0359],[-110.7217,33.0425],[-110.715,33.0426],[-110.7146,33.0508],[-110.7245,33.0702],[-110.7197,33.0764],[-110.7102,33.0814],[-110.7054,33.0837],[-110.6913,33.077],[-110.6889,33.0783],[-110.6868,33.0814],[-110.6866,33.084],[-110.6866,33.0861],[-110.6842,33.0882],[-110.6822,33.0894],[-110.6831,33.099],[-110.678,33.1118],[-110.664,33.119],[-110.6615,33.1193],[-110.6605,33.1118],[-110.6552,33.1138],[-110.6375,33.1344],[-110.6329,33.142],[-110.6084,33.1432],[-110.5984,33.1385],[-110.5847,33.1381],[-110.5668,33.1447],[-110.5504,33.1529],[-110.5488,33.157],[-110.5446,33.1678],[-110.543,33.1687],[-110.535,33.1608],[-110.5308,33.1596],[-110.5284,33.1589],[-110.5278,33.1589],[-110.5266,33.1595],[-110.5244,33.161],[-110.525,33.1633],[-110.5262,33.164],[-110.5285,33.1639],[-110.5297,33.1639],[-110.5319,33.1646],[-110.5325,33.1657],[-110.5322,33.1679],[-110.5269,33.1711],[-110.5251,33.178],[-110.5216,33.1783],[-110.5192,33.1786],[-110.5149,33.1804],[-110.509,33.1839],[-110.5039,33.1857],[-110.4762,33.1829],[-110.4644,33.1834],[-110.4608,33.1852],[-110.463,33.1925],[-110.4531,33.1984],[-110.4491,33.1944]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Pinal\",\"state\":\"AZ\"}}]}","volume":"109","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61003fe4b06e28e9c253ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vikre, Peter G. 0000-0001-7895-5972 pvikre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7895-5972","contributorId":139033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vikre","given":"Peter","email":"pvikre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graybeal, Frederick","contributorId":139000,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Graybeal","given":"Frederick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12586,"text":"Consultant","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":723326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koutz, Fleetwood R.","contributorId":200782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koutz","given":"Fleetwood","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70194329,"text":"70194329 - 2014 - Magmatism, metasomatism, tectonism, and mineralization in the Humboldt Range, Pershing County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-29T12:35:31","indexId":"70194329","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"seriesNumber":"Special Publication 58","title":"Magmatism, metasomatism, tectonism, and mineralization in the Humboldt Range, Pershing County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Introduction \r\nThe Humboldt Range, Pershing County, Nevada, predominantly consists of Mesozoic igneous and sedimentary rocks that were modified several times by magmatism, metasomatism, and tectonism, and contain a variety of metallic (Ag, Au, Pb, Zn, Sb, W, Hg) and non-metallic (dumortierite, pinite, fluorite) mineral deposits (Knopf, 1924; Kerr and Jenney, 1935; Kerr, 1938; Cameron, 1939; Campbell, 1939; Kerr, 1940; Page et al., 1940; Johnson, 1977; Vikre, 1978; 1981; Crosby, 2012).  Early Triassic Koipato Group volcanic rocks, which are widely exposed in the range, have been altered to quartz, muscovite (sericite), chlorite, pyrite, and other minerals during emplacement of Mesozoic intrusions and by crustal thickening.  Most hydrothermal alteration of volcanic rocks and formation of mineral deposits involved externally derived water and other volatiles, although some volcanic strata were apparently altered by pore or dehydration water.  Cospatial hydrothermal mineral assemblages and associations, produced by events widely spaced in time, are difficult to separate because of common mineralogy (quartz, sericite, and pyrite), partial to complete recrystallization, thermally compromised Ar geochronology, and lack of comprehensive investigations of volatile sources and deformational fabric. Distinguishing between metasomatic and metamorphic processes that affected rocks in the Humboldt Range is not straightforward.","language":"English","publisher":"Geolgical Society of Nevada","usgsCitation":"Vikre, P.G., 2014, Magmatism, metasomatism, tectonism, and mineralization in the Humboldt Range, Pershing County, Nevada, 14 p.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"192","ipdsId":"IP-055273","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349526,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349525,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://gsnv.org/publications/?itemid=SP-58"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Pershing County","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61003fe4b06e28e9c253b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vikre, Peter G. 0000-0001-7895-5972 pvikre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7895-5972","contributorId":139033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vikre","given":"Peter","email":"pvikre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70193836,"text":"70193836 - 2014 - Importance of understanding landscape biases in USGS gage locations: Implications and solutions for managers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-28T14:39:24","indexId":"70193836","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Importance of understanding landscape biases in USGS gage locations: Implications and solutions for managers","docAbstract":"<p><span>Flow and water temperature are fundamental properties of stream ecosystems upon which many freshwater resource management decisions are based. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) gages are the most important source of streamflow and water temperature data available nationwide, but the degree to which gages represent landscape attributes of the larger population of streams has not been thoroughly evaluated. We identified substantial biases for seven landscape attributes in one or more regions across the conterminous United States. Streams with small watersheds (&lt;10 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>) and at high elevations were often underrepresented, and biases were greater for water temperature gages and in arid regions. Biases can fundamentally alter management decisions and at a minimum this potential for error must be acknowledged accurately and transparently. We highlight three strategies that seek to reduce bias or limit errors arising from bias and illustrate how one strategy, supplementing USGS data, can greatly reduce bias.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/03632415.2014.891503","usgsCitation":"Wagner, T., DeWeber, J.T., Tsang, Y., Krueger, D., Whittier, J.B., Infante, D.M., and Whelan, G., 2014, Importance of understanding landscape biases in USGS gage locations: Implications and solutions for managers: Fisheries, v. 39, no. 4, p. 155-163, https://doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2014.891503.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"163","ipdsId":"IP-041195","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348414,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-66.28243,18.51476],[-65.7713,18.42668],[-65.591,18.22803],[-65.84716,17.97591],[-66.59993,17.98182],[-67.18416,17.94655],[-67.24243,18.37446],[-67.10068,18.5206],[-66.28243,18.51476]]],[[[-155.54211,19.08348],[-155.68817,18.91619],[-155.93665,19.05939],[-155.90806,19.33888],[-156.07347,19.70294],[-156.02368,19.81422],[-155.85008,19.97729],[-155.91907,20.17395],[-155.86108,20.26721],[-155.78505,20.2487],[-155.40214,20.07975],[-155.22452,19.99302],[-155.06226,19.8591],[-154.80741,19.50871],[-154.83147,19.45328],[-155.22217,19.23972],[-155.54211,19.08348]]],[[[-156.07926,20.64397],[-156.41445,20.57241],[-156.58673,20.783],[-156.70167,20.8643],[-156.71055,20.92676],[-156.61258,21.01249],[-156.25711,20.91745],[-155.99566,20.76404],[-156.07926,20.64397]]],[[[-156.75824,21.17684],[-156.78933,21.06873],[-157.32521,21.09777],[-157.25027,21.21958],[-156.75824,21.17684]]],[[[-157.65283,21.32217],[-157.70703,21.26442],[-157.7786,21.27729],[-158.12667,21.31244],[-158.2538,21.53919],[-158.29265,21.57912],[-158.0252,21.71696],[-157.94161,21.65272],[-157.65283,21.32217]]],[[[-159.34512,21.982],[-159.46372,21.88299],[-159.80051,22.06533],[-159.74877,22.1382],[-159.5962,22.23618],[-159.36569,22.21494],[-159.34512,21.982]]],[[[-94.81758,49.38905],[-94.64,48.84],[-94.32914,48.67074],[-93.63087,48.60926],[-92.61,48.45],[-91.64,48.14],[-90.83,48.27],[-89.6,48.01],[-89.27292,48.01981],[-88.37811,48.30292],[-87.43979,47.94],[-86.46199,47.55334],[-85.65236,47.22022],[-84.87608,46.90008],[-84.77924,46.6371],[-84.54375,46.53868],[-84.6049,46.4396],[-84.3367,46.40877],[-84.14212,46.51223],[-84.09185,46.27542],[-83.89077,46.11693],[-83.61613,46.11693],[-83.46955,45.99469],[-83.59285,45.81689],[-82.55092,45.34752],[-82.33776,44.44],[-82.13764,43.57109],[-82.43,42.98],[-82.9,42.43],[-83.12,42.08],[-83.142,41.97568],[-83.02981,41.8328],[-82.69009,41.67511],[-82.43928,41.67511],[-81.27775,42.20903],[-80.24745,42.3662],[-78.93936,42.86361],[-78.92,42.965],[-79.01,43.27],[-79.17167,43.46634],[-78.72028,43.62509],[-77.73789,43.62906],[-76.82003,43.62878],[-76.5,44.01846],[-76.375,44.09631],[-75.31821,44.81645],[-74.867,45.00048],[-73.34783,45.00738],[-71.50506,45.0082],[-71.405,45.255],[-71.08482,45.30524],[-70.66,45.46],[-70.305,45.915],[-69.99997,46.69307],[-69.23722,47.44778],[-68.905,47.185],[-68.23444,47.35486],[-67.79046,47.06636],[-67.79134,45.70281],[-67.13741,45.13753],[-66.96466,44.8097],[-68.03252,44.3252],[-69.06,43.98],[-70.11617,43.68405],[-70.64548,43.09024],[-70.81489,42.8653],[-70.825,42.335],[-70.495,41.805],[-70.08,41.78],[-70.185,42.145],[-69.88497,41.92283],[-69.96503,41.63717],[-70.64,41.475],[-71.12039,41.49445],[-71.86,41.32],[-72.295,41.27],[-72.87643,41.22065],[-73.71,40.9311],[-72.24126,41.11948],[-71.945,40.93],[-73.345,40.63],[-73.982,40.628],[-73.95232,40.75075],[-74.25671,40.47351],[-73.96244,40.42763],[-74.17838,39.70926],[-74.90604,38.93954],[-74.98041,39.1964],[-75.20002,39.24845],[-75.52805,39.4985],[-75.32,38.96],[-75.07183,38.78203],[-75.05673,38.40412],[-75.37747,38.01551],[-75.94023,37.21689],[-76.03127,37.2566],[-75.72205,37.93705],[-76.23287,38.31921],[-76.35,39.15],[-76.54272,38.71762],[-76.32933,38.08326],[-76.99,38.23999],[-76.30162,37.91794],[-76.25874,36.9664],[-75.9718,36.89726],[-75.86804,36.55125],[-75.72749,35.55074],[-76.36318,34.80854],[-77.39763,34.51201],[-78.05496,33.92547],[-78.55435,33.86133],[-79.06067,33.49395],[-79.20357,33.15839],[-80.30132,32.50935],[-80.86498,32.0333],[-81.33629,31.44049],[-81.49042,30.72999],[-81.31371,30.03552],[-80.98,29.18],[-80.53558,28.47213],[-80.53,28.04],[-80.05654,26.88],[-80.08801,26.20576],[-80.13156,25.81677],[-80.38103,25.20616],[-80.68,25.08],[-81.17213,25.20126],[-81.33,25.64],[-81.71,25.87],[-82.24,26.73],[-82.70515,27.49504],[-82.85526,27.88624],[-82.65,28.55],[-82.93,29.1],[-83.70959,29.93656],[-84.1,30.09],[-85.10882,29.63615],[-85.28784,29.68612],[-85.7731,30.15261],[-86.4,30.4],[-87.53036,30.27433],[-88.41782,30.3849],[-89.18049,30.31598],[-89.59383,30.15999],[-89.41373,29.89419],[-89.43,29.48864],[-89.21767,29.29108],[-89.40823,29.15961],[-89.77928,29.30714],[-90.15463,29.11743],[-90.88022,29.14854],[-91.62678,29.677],[-92.49906,29.5523],[-93.22637,29.78375],[-93.84842,29.71363],[-94.69,29.48],[-95.60026,28.73863],[-96.59404,28.30748],[-97.14,27.83],[-97.37,27.38],[-97.38,26.69],[-97.33,26.21],[-97.14,25.87],[-97.53,25.84],[-98.24,26.06],[-99.02,26.37],[-99.3,26.84],[-99.52,27.54],[-100.11,28.11],[-100.45584,28.69612],[-100.9576,29.38071],[-101.6624,29.7793],[-102.48,29.76],[-103.11,28.97],[-103.94,29.27],[-104.45697,29.57196],[-104.70575,30.12173],[-105.03737,30.64402],[-105.63159,31.08383],[-106.1429,31.39995],[-106.50759,31.75452],[-108.24,31.75485],[-108.24194,31.34222],[-109.035,31.34194],[-111.02361,31.33472],[-113.30498,32.03914],[-114.815,32.52528],[-114.72139,32.72083],[-115.99135,32.61239],[-117.12776,32.53534],[-117.29594,33.04622],[-117.944,33.62124],[-118.4106,33.74091],[-118.51989,34.02778],[-119.081,34.078],[-119.43884,34.34848],[-120.36778,34.44711],[-120.62286,34.60855],[-120.74433,35.15686],[-121.71457,36.16153],[-122.54747,37.55176],[-122.51201,37.78339],[-122.95319,38.11371],[-123.7272,38.95166],[-123.86517,39.76699],[-124.39807,40.3132],[-124.17886,41.14202],[-124.2137,41.99964],[-124.53284,42.76599],[-124.14214,43.70838],[-124.02053,44.6159],[-123.89893,45.52341],[-124.07963,46.86475],[-124.39567,47.72017],[-124.68721,48.18443],[-124.5661,48.37971],[-123.12,48.04],[-122.58736,47.096],[-122.34,47.36],[-122.5,48.18],[-122.84,49],[-120,49],[-117.03121,49],[-116.04818,49],[-113,49],[-110.05,49],[-107.05,49],[-104.04826,48.99986],[-100.65,49],[-97.22872,49.0007],[-95.15907,49],[-95.15609,49.38425],[-94.81758,49.38905]]],[[[-153.00631,57.11584],[-154.00509,56.73468],[-154.5164,56.99275],[-154.67099,57.4612],[-153.76278,57.81657],[-153.22873,57.96897],[-152.56479,57.90143],[-152.14115,57.59106],[-153.00631,57.11584]]],[[[-165.57916,59.90999],[-166.19277,59.75444],[-166.84834,59.94141],[-167.45528,60.21307],[-166.46779,60.38417],[-165.67443,60.29361],[-165.57916,59.90999]]],[[[-171.73166,63.78252],[-171.11443,63.59219],[-170.49111,63.69498],[-169.68251,63.43112],[-168.68944,63.29751],[-168.77194,63.1886],[-169.52944,62.97693],[-170.29056,63.19444],[-170.67139,63.37582],[-171.55306,63.31779],[-171.79111,63.40585],[-171.73166,63.78252]]],[[[-155.06779,71.14778],[-154.34417,70.69641],[-153.90001,70.88999],[-152.21001,70.82999],[-152.27,70.60001],[-150.73999,70.43002],[-149.72,70.53001],[-147.61336,70.21403],[-145.68999,70.12001],[-144.92001,69.98999],[-143.58945,70.15251],[-142.07251,69.85194],[-140.98599,69.712],[-140.9925,66.00003],[-140.99777,60.3064],[-140.013,60.27684],[-139.039,60.00001],[-138.34089,59.56211],[-137.4525,58.905],[-136.47972,59.46389],[-135.47583,59.78778],[-134.945,59.27056],[-134.27111,58.86111],[-133.35555,58.41029],[-132.73042,57.69289],[-131.70781,56.55212],[-130.00778,55.91583],[-129.97999,55.285],[-130.53611,54.80275],[-131.08582,55.17891],[-131.96721,55.49778],[-132.25001,56.37],[-133.53918,57.17889],[-134.07806,58.12307],[-135.03821,58.18771],[-136.62806,58.21221],[-137.80001,58.5],[-139.86779,59.53776],[-140.82527,59.72752],[-142.57444,60.08445],[-143.95888,59.99918],[-145.92556,60.45861],[-147.11437,60.88466],[-148.22431,60.67299],[-148.01807,59.97833],[-148.57082,59.91417],[-149.72786,59.70566],[-150.60824,59.36821],[-151.71639,59.15582],[-151.85943,59.74498],[-151.40972,60.7258],[-150.34694,61.03359],[-150.62111,61.28442],[-151.89584,60.7272],[-152.57833,60.06166],[-154.01917,59.35028],[-153.28751,58.86473],[-154.23249,58.14637],[-155.30749,57.72779],[-156.30833,57.42277],[-156.5561,56.97998],[-158.11722,56.46361],[-158.43332,55.99415],[-159.60333,55.56669],[-160.28972,55.64358],[-161.22305,55.36473],[-162.23777,55.02419],[-163.06945,54.68974],[-164.78557,54.40417],[-164.94223,54.57222],[-163.84834,55.03943],[-162.87,55.34804],[-161.80417,55.89499],[-160.5636,56.00805],[-160.07056,56.41806],[-158.68444,57.01668],[-158.4611,57.21692],[-157.72277,57.57],[-157.55027,58.32833],[-157.04167,58.91888],[-158.19473,58.6158],[-158.51722,58.78778],[-159.05861,58.42419],[-159.71167,58.93139],[-159.98129,58.57255],[-160.35527,59.07112],[-161.355,58.67084],[-161.96889,58.67166],[-162.05499,59.26693],[-161.87417,59.63362],[-162.51806,59.98972],[-163.81834,59.79806],[-164.66222,60.26748],[-165.34639,60.5075],[-165.35083,61.0739],[-166.12138,61.50002],[-165.73445,62.075],[-164.91918,62.63308],[-164.56251,63.14638],[-163.75333,63.21945],[-163.06722,63.05946],[-162.26056,63.54194],[-161.53445,63.45582],[-160.77251,63.76611],[-160.95834,64.2228],[-161.51807,64.40279],[-160.77778,64.7886],[-161.39193,64.77724],[-162.45305,64.55944],[-162.75779,64.33861],[-163.54639,64.55916],[-164.96083,64.44695],[-166.42529,64.68667],[-166.845,65.0889],[-168.11056,65.67],[-166.70527,66.08832],[-164.47471,66.57666],[-163.65251,66.57666],[-163.7886,66.07721],[-161.67777,66.11612],[-162.48971,66.73557],[-163.71972,67.11639],[-164.43099,67.61634],[-165.39029,68.04277],[-166.76444,68.35888],[-166.20471,68.88303],[-164.43081,68.91554],[-163.16861,69.37111],[-162.93057,69.85806],[-161.9089,70.33333],[-160.9348,70.44769],[-159.03918,70.89164],[-158.11972,70.82472],[-156.58082,71.35776],[-155.06779,71.14778]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"United States\"}}]}","volume":"39","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a0425c5e4b0dc0b45b45415","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeWeber, Jefferson Tyrell","contributorId":172108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeWeber","given":"Jefferson","email":"","middleInitial":"Tyrell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tsang, Yin-Phan","contributorId":177342,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsang","given":"Yin-Phan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krueger, Damon","contributorId":174440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krueger","given":"Damon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Whittier, Joanna B.","contributorId":53151,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whittier","given":"Joanna","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Infante, Dana M. 0000-0003-1385-1587","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1385-1587","contributorId":150821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Infante","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":18112,"text":"Dept. of Fisheries and Wildlife,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Whelan, Gary","contributorId":146115,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whelan","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16584,"text":"Fisheries Division, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, P.O. Box 30446, Lansing, MI 48909","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70193569,"text":"70193569 - 2014 - Chemical mixtures in potable water in the U.S.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-30T10:23:35","indexId":"70193569","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Chemical mixtures in potable water in the U.S.","docAbstract":"In recent years, regulators have devoted increasing attention to health risks from exposure to multiple chemicals. In 1996, the US Congress directed the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to study mixtures of chemicals in drinking water, with a particular focus on potential interactions affecting chemicals' joint toxicity. The task is complicated by the number of possible mixtures in drinking water and lack of toxicological data for combinations of chemicals. As one step toward risk assessment and regulation of mixtures, the EPA and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) have proposed to estimate mixtures' toxicity based on the interactions of individual component chemicals. This approach permits the use of existing toxicological data on individual chemicals, but still requires additional information on interactions between chemicals and environmental data on the public's exposure to combinations of chemicals.\n\nLarge compilations of water-quality data have recently become available from federal and state agencies. This chapter demonstrates the use of these environmental data, in combination with the available toxicological data, to explore scenarios for mixture toxicity and develop priorities for future research and regulation. Occurrence data on binary and ternary mixtures of arsenic, cadmium, and manganese are used to parameterize the EPA and ATSDR models for each drinking water source in the dataset. The models' outputs are then mapped at county scale to illustrate the implications of the proposed models for risk assessment and rulemaking. For example, according to the EPA's interaction model, the levels of arsenic and cadmium found in US groundwater are unlikely to have synergistic cardiovascular effects in most areas of the country, but the same mixture's potential for synergistic neurological effects merits further study. Similar analysis could, in future, be used to explore the implications of alternative risk models for the toxicity and interaction of complex mixtures, and to identify the communities with the highest and lowest expected value for regulation of chemical mixtures.","largerWorkTitle":"Comprehensive water quality and purification","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-382182-9.00019-0","usgsCitation":"Ryker, S.J., 2014, Chemical mixtures in potable water in the U.S., chap. <i>of</i> Comprehensive water quality and purification, v. 1, p. 267-277, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-382182-9.00019-0.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"267","endPage":"277","ipdsId":"IP-042940","costCenters":[{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349561,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61003fe4b06e28e9c253b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryker, Sarah J. 0000-0002-1004-5611 sryker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1004-5611","contributorId":4100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryker","given":"Sarah","email":"sryker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70193132,"text":"70193132 - 2014 - A multiple-tracer approach to understanding regional groundwaterflow in the Snake Valley area of the eastern Great Basin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-31T09:40:01","indexId":"70193132","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multiple-tracer approach to understanding regional groundwaterflow in the Snake Valley area of the eastern Great Basin, USA","docAbstract":"Groundwater in Snake Valley and surrounding basins in the eastern Great Basin province of the western\nUnited States is being targeted for large-scale groundwater extraction and export. Concern about declining\ngroundwater levels and spring flows in western Utah as a result of the proposed groundwater withdrawals\nhas led to efforts that have improved the understanding of this regional groundwater flow system. In this\nstudy, environmental tracers (del2H, del18O, 3H, 14C, 3He, 4He, 20Ne, 40Ar, 84Kr, and 129Xe) and major ions from\n142 sites were evaluated to investigate groundwater recharge and flow-path characteristics. With few\nexceptions, del2H and del18O show that most valley groundwater has similar ratios to mountain springs,\nindicating recharge is dominated by relatively high-altitude precipitation. The spatial distribution of 3H,\nterrigenic helium (4Heterr), and 3H/3He ages shows that modern groundwater (<60 yr) in valley aquifers\nis found only in the western third of the study area. Pleistocene and late-Holocene groundwater is found\nin the eastern parts of the study area. The age of Pleistocene groundwater is supported by minimum\nadjusted radiocarbon ages of up to 32 ka. Noble gas recharge temperatures (NGTs) are generally\n1–11 degrees C in Snake and southern Spring Valleys and >11 degrees C to the east of Snake Valley and indicate a\nhydraulic discontinuity between Snake and Tule Valleys across the northern Confusion Range. The\ncombination of NGTs and 4Heterr shows that the majority of Snake Valley groundwater discharges as\nsprings, evapotranspiration, and well withdrawals within Snake Valley rather than continuing\nnortheastward to discharge at either Fish Springs or the Great Salt Lake Playa. The refined understanding\nof groundwater recharge and flow paths acquired from this multi-tracer investigation has broad\nimplications for interbasin subsurface flow estimates and future groundwater development.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.02.010","usgsCitation":"Gardner, P.M., 2014, A multiple-tracer approach to understanding regional groundwaterflow in the Snake Valley area of the eastern Great Basin, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 45, p. 33-49, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.02.010.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"49","ipdsId":"IP-055000","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347798,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin, Snake Valley","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-114.0506,37.000396],[-114.049995,36.957769],[-114.050619,36.843141],[-114.050619,36.843128],[-114.050606,36.800184],[-114.050562,36.656259],[-114.050167,36.624978],[-114.04966,36.621113],[-114.048476,36.49998],[-114.046488,36.473449],[-114.045829,36.442973],[-114.045806,36.391071],[-114.047584,36.325573],[-114.046935,36.315449],[-114.048515,36.289598],[-114.048226,36.268874],[-114.047106,36.250591],[-114.046743,36.245246],[-114.046838,36.194069],[-114.060302,36.189363],[-114.068027,36.180663],[-114.088954,36.144381],[-114.09987,36.121654],[-114.103222,36.120176],[-114.111011,36.119875],[-114.120862,36.114596],[-114.123144,36.111576],[-114.123975,36.106515],[-114.123221,36.104746],[-114.117459,36.100893],[-114.114165,36.096982],[-114.114531,36.095217],[-114.136896,36.059467],[-114.138203,36.053161],[-114.137188,36.046785],[-114.138202,36.041284],[-114.148191,36.028013],[-114.151725,36.024563],[-114.15413,36.023862],[-114.166465,36.027738],[-114.176824,36.027651],[-114.19238,36.020993],[-114.21369,36.015613],[-114.233289,36.014289],[-114.238799,36.014561],[-114.252651,36.020193],[-114.263146,36.025937],[-114.266721,36.029238],[-114.270645,36.03572],[-114.280202,36.046362],[-114.314028,36.058165],[-114.315557,36.059494],[-114.316109,36.063109],[-114.314206,36.066619],[-114.307879,36.071291],[-114.305738,36.074882],[-114.30843,36.082443],[-114.328777,36.105501],[-114.337273,36.10802],[-114.363109,36.130246],[-114.372106,36.143114],[-114.405475,36.147371],[-114.412373,36.147254],[-114.41695,36.145761],[-114.427169,36.136305],[-114.446605,36.12597],[-114.448654,36.12641],[-114.453325,36.130726],[-114.458369,36.138586],[-114.463637,36.139695],[-114.470152,36.138801],[-114.487034,36.129396],[-114.49612,36.12785],[-114.502172,36.128796],[-114.504442,36.129741],[-114.505766,36.131444],[-114.506144,36.134659],[-114.505387,36.137496],[-114.50482,36.142414],[-114.504631,36.145629],[-114.506711,36.148277],[-114.511721,36.150956],[-114.545789,36.152248],[-114.572031,36.15161],[-114.597212,36.142103],[-114.608264,36.133949],[-114.616694,36.130101],[-114.621883,36.13213],[-114.627855,36.141012],[-114.631716,36.142306],[-114.65995,36.124145],[-114.66289,36.119932],[-114.666538,36.117343],[-114.709771,36.107742],[-114.717293,36.107686],[-114.736165,36.104367],[-114.747079,36.097005],[-114.753638,36.090705],[-114.755618,36.087166],[-114.755491,36.081601],[-114.754099,36.07944],[-114.743342,36.070535],[-114.736253,36.05847],[-114.736738,36.054349],[-114.740375,36.049258],[-114.740375,36.043682],[-114.740617,36.041015],[-114.739405,36.037863],[-114.734314,36.035681],[-114.730435,36.031317],[-114.729707,36.028166],[-114.731162,36.021862],[-114.740522,36.013336],[-114.742779,36.009963],[-114.743243,36.00653],[-114.743756,35.985095],[-114.740595,35.975656],[-114.729941,35.962183],[-114.728318,35.95629],[-114.731159,35.943916],[-114.729356,35.941413],[-114.715692,35.934709],[-114.707526,35.92806],[-114.708516,35.912313],[-114.700271,35.901772],[-114.68112,35.885364],[-114.679039,35.880046],[-114.677883,35.876346],[-114.67742,35.874728],[-114.678114,35.871953],[-114.679501,35.868023],[-114.68201,35.863284],[-114.697767,35.854844],[-114.699848,35.84837],[-114.699848,35.843283],[-114.69641,35.833784],[-114.69571,35.830601],[-114.70371,35.814585],[-114.70991,35.810185],[-114.71211,35.806185],[-114.69891,35.790185],[-114.701409,35.769086],[-114.695709,35.755986],[-114.697309,35.733686],[-114.705309,35.711587],[-114.705409,35.708287],[-114.701208,35.701187],[-114.694108,35.695187],[-114.683208,35.689387],[-114.680607,35.685488],[-114.682207,35.678188],[-114.690008,35.664688],[-114.689407,35.651412],[-114.677107,35.641489],[-114.658206,35.619089],[-114.653406,35.610789],[-114.654306,35.59759],[-114.659606,35.58749],[-114.665649,35.580428],[-114.666184,35.577576],[-114.663005,35.56369],[-114.662005,35.545491],[-114.660205,35.539291],[-114.657405,35.536391],[-114.656905,35.534391],[-114.658005,35.530491],[-114.663105,35.524491],[-114.673805,35.517891],[-114.677205,35.513491],[-114.679205,35.499992],[-114.677643,35.489742],[-114.672901,35.481708],[-114.666377,35.466856],[-114.6645,35.449497],[-114.662125,35.444241],[-114.652005,35.429165],[-114.627137,35.409504],[-114.611435,35.369056],[-114.604314,35.353584],[-114.595931,35.325234],[-114.597503,35.296954],[-114.587129,35.262376],[-114.583111,35.23809],[-114.583559,35.22993],[-114.579963,35.20964],[-114.574835,35.205898],[-114.572119,35.200591],[-114.569238,35.18348],[-114.569569,35.163053],[-114.572747,35.138725],[-114.578524,35.12875],[-114.58774,35.123729],[-114.59912,35.12105],[-114.619905,35.121632],[-114.629934,35.118272],[-114.644352,35.105904],[-114.646759,35.101872],[-114.642831,35.096503],[-114.622517,35.088703],[-114.613132,35.083097],[-114.604736,35.07483],[-114.602908,35.068588],[-114.603619,35.064226],[-114.606694,35.058941],[-114.627124,35.044721],[-114.632429,35.037586],[-114.636893,35.028367],[-114.638023,35.020556],[-114.636674,35.008807],[-114.633013,35.002085],[-114.804249,35.139689],[-114.80503,35.140284],[-114.925381,35.237039],[-114.92548,35.237054],[-114.942216,35.249994],[-115.043812,35.332012],[-115.098018,35.37499],[-115.102881,35.379371],[-115.125816,35.39694],[-115.145813,35.413182],[-115.146788,35.413662],[-115.160068,35.424129],[-115.160599,35.424313],[-115.225273,35.475907],[-115.271342,35.51266],[-115.303743,35.538207],[-115.388866,35.605171],[-115.391535,35.607271],[-115.393996,35.609344],[-115.404537,35.617605],[-115.406079,35.618613],[-115.412908,35.624981],[-115.500832,35.693382],[-115.625838,35.792013],[-115.627386,35.793846],[-115.647202,35.808995],[-115.647683,35.809358],[-115.64802,35.809629],[-115.669005,35.826515],[-115.689302,35.842003],[-115.750844,35.889287],[-115.845984,35.964207],[-115.852908,35.96966],[-115.892975,35.999967],[-115.912858,36.015359],[-116.093601,36.155805],[-116.097216,36.158346],[-116.250869,36.276979],[-116.375875,36.372562],[-116.38034,36.374955],[-116.488233,36.459097],[-116.500882,36.468223],[-116.541983,36.499952],[-117.000895,36.847694],[-117.066728,36.896354],[-117.131975,36.945777],[-117.166,36.971224],[-117.244917,37.030244],[-117.266046,37.04491],[-117.375905,37.126843],[-117.500117,37.22038],[-117.500909,37.220282],[-117.540885,37.249931],[-117.581418,37.278936],[-117.68061,37.353399],[-117.712358,37.374931],[-117.832726,37.464929],[-117.875927,37.497267],[-117.904625,37.515836],[-117.975776,37.569293],[-118.039849,37.615245],[-118.039798,37.615273],[-118.052189,37.62493],[-118.250947,37.768616],[-118.4278,37.89623],[-118.500958,37.949019],[-118.571958,37.99993],[-118.62159,38.034389],[-118.714312,38.102185],[-118.746598,38.124926],[-118.771867,38.141871],[-118.859087,38.204808],[-118.922518,38.249919],[-118.949673,38.26894],[-119.000975,38.303675],[-119.030078,38.325181],[-119.082358,38.361267],[-119.097161,38.372853],[-119.125982,38.39317],[-119.156983,38.414739],[-119.234966,38.468997],[-119.250988,38.48078],[-119.279262,38.499914],[-119.328411,38.534773],[-119.333423,38.538328],[-119.370117,38.563281],[-119.375994,38.566793],[-119.450623,38.619965],[-119.450612,38.619964],[-119.494022,38.649734],[-119.494183,38.649852],[-119.585437,38.713212],[-119.587066,38.714345],[-119.587679,38.714734],[-119.904315,38.933324],[-120.001014,38.999574],[-120.002461,39.067489],[-120.003402,39.112687],[-120.004504,39.165599],[-120.005746,39.22521],[-120.005743,39.228664],[-120.005142,39.291258],[-120.005414,39.313345],[-120.005413,39.313848],[-120.00532,39.31635],[-120.005316,39.316453],[-120.00471,39.330488],[-120.00443,39.374908],[-120.003117,39.445044],[-120.003116,39.445113],[-120.00174,39.538852],[-120.001319,39.722416],[-120.001319,39.72242],[-120.000502,39.779956],[-120.000607,39.780779],[-119.999733,39.851406],[-119.997634,39.956505],[-119.997291,40.071803],[-119.997175,40.077245],[-119.997234,40.091591],[-119.997124,40.126363],[-119.996183,40.262461],[-119.996182,40.263532],[-119.996155,40.32125],[-119.996155,40.321838],[-119.995926,40.499901],[-119.997533,40.720992],[-119.998479,40.749899],[-119.999231,40.865899],[-119.999232,40.867454],[-119.999358,40.873101],[-119.999866,41.183974],[-119.999471,41.499894],[-119.99828,41.618765],[-119.998855,41.624893],[-119.998287,41.749892],[-119.999276,41.874891],[-119.999168,41.99454],[-119.986678,41.995842],[-119.876054,41.997199],[-119.872929,41.997641],[-119.848907,41.997281],[-119.790087,41.997544],[-119.72573,41.996296],[-119.444598,41.995478],[-119.360177,41.994384],[-119.324181,41.994206],[-119.251033,41.993843],[-119.231876,41.994212],[-119.20828,41.993177],[-119.001022,41.993793],[-118.795612,41.992394],[-118.777228,41.992671],[-118.775869,41.992692],[-118.696409,41.991794],[-118.601806,41.993895],[-118.501002,41.995446],[-118.197189,41.996995],[-117.873467,41.998335],[-117.625973,41.998102],[-117.623731,41.998467],[-117.443062,41.999659],[-117.403613,41.99929],[-117.217551,41.999887],[-117.197798,42.00038],[-117.068613,42.000035],[-117.055402,41.99989],[-117.04891,41.998983],[-117.040906,41.99989],[-117.026222,42.000252],[-117.018294,41.999358],[-117.009255,41.998127],[-116.969156,41.998991],[-116.62677,41.99775],[-116.625947,41.997379],[-116.586937,41.99737],[-116.582217,41.997834],[-116.525319,41.997558],[-116.510452,41.997096],[-116.501741,41.997334],[-116.499777,41.99674],[-116.485823,41.996861],[-116.483094,41.996885],[-116.463528,41.996547],[-116.368478,41.996281],[-116.332763,41.997283],[-116.163931,41.997555],[-116.160833,41.997508],[-116.038602,41.99746],[-116.03857,41.997413],[-116.030754,41.997399],[-116.030758,41.997383],[-116.01896,41.997762],[-116.018945,41.997722],[-116.012219,41.998048],[-116.012212,41.998035],[-115.98688,41.998534],[-115.887612,41.998048],[-115.879596,41.997891],[-115.870181,41.996766],[-115.625914,41.997415],[-115.586849,41.996884],[-115.313877,41.996103],[-115.254333,41.996721],[-115.250795,41.996156],[-115.038256,41.996012],[-115.031783,41.996008],[-114.914187,41.999909],[-114.89921,41.999909],[-114.875877,42.001319],[-114.831077,42.002207],[-114.806384,42.001822],[-114.720715,41.998231],[-114.598267,41.994511],[-114.498259,41.994599],[-114.498243,41.994636],[-114.467581,41.995492],[-114.281855,41.994214],[-114.107428,41.993965],[-114.107259,41.993831],[-114.061763,41.993939],[-114.061774,41.993797],[-114.048257,41.993814],[-114.048246,41.993721],[-114.041723,41.99372],[-113.993903,41.992698],[-113.893261,41.988057],[-113.822163,41.988479],[-113.796082,41.989104],[-113.76453,41.989459],[-113.500837,41.992799],[-113.496548,41.993305],[-113.431563,41.993799],[-113.40223,41.994161],[-113.396497,41.99425],[-113.357611,41.993859],[-113.340072,41.994747],[-113.250829,41.99561],[-113.249159,41.996203],[-113.000821,41.998223],[-113.00082,41.998223],[-112.979218,41.998263],[-112.909587,41.998791],[-112.882367,41.998922],[-112.880619,41.998921],[-112.833125,41.999345],[-112.833084,41.999305],[-112.788542,41.999681],[-112.709375,42.000309],[-112.648019,42.000307],[-112.450814,42.000953],[-112.450567,42.001092],[-112.38617,42.001126],[-112.264936,42.000991],[-112.239107,42.001217],[-112.192976,42.001167],[-112.173352,41.996568],[-112.163956,41.996708],[-112.109532,41.997598],[-112.01218,41.99835],[-111.915837,41.998519],[-111.915622,41.998496],[-111.876491,41.998528],[-111.750778,41.99933],[-111.507264,41.999518],[-111.471381,41.999739],[-111.425535,42.00084],[-111.420898,42.000793],[-111.415873,42.000748],[-111.046689,42.001567],[-111.045818,41.579845],[-111.045789,41.565571],[-111.046264,41.377731],[-111.0466,41.360692],[-111.046551,41.251716],[-111.046723,40.997959],[-110.750727,40.996847],[-110.715026,40.996347],[-110.539819,40.996346],[-110.500718,40.994746],[-110.375714,40.994947],[-110.250709,40.996089],[-110.237848,40.995427],[-110.125709,40.99655],[-110.121639,40.997101],[-110.048476,40.997555],[-110.006495,40.997815],[-110.000708,40.997352],[-109.999838,40.99733],[-109.97553,40.997912],[-109.855299,40.997614],[-109.854302,40.997661],[-109.715409,40.998191],[-109.713877,40.998266],[-109.676421,40.998395],[-109.534926,40.998143],[-109.500694,40.999127],[-109.250735,41.001009],[-109.231985,41.002059],[-109.173682,41.000859],[-109.050076,41.000659],[-109.048455,40.826081],[-109.049088,40.714562],[-109.048373,40.662602],[-109.048249,40.653601],[-109.048044,40.619231],[-109.050074,40.540358],[-109.049955,40.539901],[-109.050698,40.499963],[-109.050314,40.495092],[-109.050946,40.444368],[-109.050969,40.222662],[-109.050973,40.180849],[-109.050944,40.180712],[-109.050813,40.059579],[-109.050873,40.058915],[-109.050615,39.87497],[-109.05104,39.660472],[-109.051363,39.497674],[-109.050765,39.366677],[-109.051512,39.126095],[-109.052436,38.999985],[-109.053292,38.942878],[-109.053233,38.942467],[-109.053797,38.905284],[-109.053943,38.904414],[-109.054189,38.874984],[-109.057388,38.795456],[-109.059541,38.719888],[-109.060253,38.599328],[-109.059962,38.499987],[-109.060062,38.275489],[-109.054648,38.244921],[-109.041762,38.16469],[-109.041837,38.153022],[-109.04282,37.999301],[-109.042819,37.997068],[-109.043121,37.97426],[-109.041058,37.907236],[-109.041653,37.88117],[-109.041844,37.872788],[-109.041723,37.842051],[-109.041754,37.835826],[-109.041461,37.800105],[-109.042098,37.74999],[-109.041636,37.74021],[-109.04176,37.713182],[-109.041732,37.711214],[-109.042269,37.666067],[-109.042089,37.623795],[-109.042131,37.617662],[-109.041806,37.604171],[-109.041865,37.530726],[-109.041915,37.530653],[-109.043137,37.499992],[-109.043464,37.484711],[-109.04581,37.374993],[-109.046039,37.249993],[-109.045584,37.249351],[-109.045487,37.210844],[-109.045978,37.201831],[-109.045995,37.177279],[-109.045156,37.112064],[-109.045203,37.111958],[-109.045173,37.109464],[-109.045189,37.096271],[-109.044995,37.086429],[-109.045058,37.074661],[-109.045166,37.072742],[-109.045223,36.999084],[-109.181196,36.999271],[-109.233848,36.999266],[-109.246917,36.999346],[-109.26339,36.999263],[-109.268213,36.999242],[-109.270097,36.999266],[-109.378039,36.999135],[-109.381226,36.999148],[-109.495338,36.999105],[-109.625668,36.998308],[-109.875673,36.998504],[-110.000677,36.997968],[-110.000876,36.998502],[-110.021778,36.998602],[-110.47019,36.997997],[-110.490908,37.003566],[-110.50069,37.00426],[-110.599512,37.003448],[-110.625605,37.003416],[-110.62569,37.003721],[-110.75069,37.003197],[-111.066496,37.002389],[-111.133718,37.000779],[-111.254853,37.001077],[-111.278286,37.000465],[-111.405517,37.001497],[-111.405869,37.001481],[-111.412784,37.001478],[-112.35769,37.001025],[-112.368946,37.001125],[-112.534545,37.000684],[-112.538593,37.000674],[-112.540368,37.000669],[-112.545094,37.000734],[-112.558974,37.000692],[-112.609787,37.000753],[-112.899366,37.000319],[-112.966471,37.000219],[-113.965907,36.999976],[-113.965907,37.000025],[-114.0506,37.000396]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Nevada\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"45","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f98bbbe4b0531197afa01e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, Philip M. 0000-0003-3005-3587 pgardner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3005-3587","contributorId":962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Philip","email":"pgardner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70192432,"text":"70192432 - 2014 - Effects of urbanization on mercury deposition and accumulation in New England","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T16:38:42","indexId":"70192432","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of urbanization on mercury deposition and accumulation in New England","docAbstract":"We compare total mercury (HgT) loading and methylmercury (MeHg) accumulation in streams and lakes\nfrom an urbanized area (Boston, Massachusetts) to rural regions of southern New Hampshire and Maine.\nThe maximum HgT loading, as indicated by HgT atmospheric deposition, HgT emissions, and sediment\nHgT concentrations, did not coincide with maximum MeHg concentrations in fish. Urbanized ecosystems\nwere areas of high HgT loading but had low MeHg concentrations in fish. Controls on MeHg production\nand accumulation appeared to be related primarily to HgT loading in undeveloped areas, while\necosystem sensitivity to MeHg formation appeared to be more important in regulating accumulation of\nMeHg in the urban area.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2014.05.003","usgsCitation":"Chalmers, A.T., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Van Metre, P., and Nilles, M.A., 2014, Effects of urbanization on mercury deposition and accumulation in New England: Environmental Pollution, v. 192, p. 104-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.05.003.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"104","endPage":"112","ipdsId":"IP-052660","costCenters":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348887,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.7626953125,\n              41.269549502842565\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.38916015625001,\n              41.343824581185686\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.19140625,\n              41.376808565702355\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.850830078125,\n              41.549700145132725\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.75195312500001,\n              41.672911819602085\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.67504882812501,\n              41.64007838467894\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.68603515625001,\n              41.50034959128928\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.29052734375003,\n              41.51680395810118\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.80712890625003,\n              41.65649719441145\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.8291015625,\n              41.97582726102573\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.94995117187501,\n              42.12267315117256\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.14770507812501,\n              42.204107493733176\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.38940429687501,\n              42.04113400940807\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.13671875000001,\n              41.89409955811395\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.43334960937501,\n              41.80407814427234\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.57617187500001,\n              42.00848901572399\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.609130859375,\n              42.114523952464246\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.7958984375,\n              42.24478535602799\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.91674804687501,\n              42.309815415686664\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.75195312500001,\n              42.44778143462245\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.64208984375003,\n              42.52879629320373\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.49926757812501,\n              42.64204079304426\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.57617187500001,\n              42.69858589169842\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.7958984375,\n              42.72280375732727\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.72998046875001,\n              42.90011265525328\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.58715820312503,\n              43.100982876188546\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.37841796875001,\n              43.30919109985686\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.224609375,\n              43.51668853502906\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.10375976562503,\n              43.683763524273346\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.02685546875001,\n              43.75522505306928\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.8291015625,\n              43.715534726205114\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.36767578125,\n              43.723474896114794\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.961181640625,\n              44.040218713142146\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.93920898437501,\n              44.3002644115815\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.84033203125003,\n              44.42593442145313\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.69750976562501,\n              44.692088041727786\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.49951171875,\n              45.0502402697946\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.63134765625001,\n              45.236217535866025\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.49951171875,\n              45.336701909968134\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.444580078125,\n              45.52944081525666\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.67529296875003,\n              45.775186183521036\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.279541015625,\n              45.85941212790755\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.43334960937501,\n              45.78284835197676\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.51025390625001,\n              45.66780526567164\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.67504882812501,\n              45.62172169252446\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.71899414062501,\n              45.52944081525666\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.63110351562501,\n              45.44471679159555\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.55419921875,\n              45.359865333959746\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.69702148437501,\n              45.398449976304086\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.762939453125,\n              45.42158812329091\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.80688476562501,\n              45.36758436884978\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.88378906250003,\n              45.213003555993964\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.91674804687501,\n              45.298075138707965\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.004638671875,\n              45.3444241045224\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.15844726562501,\n              45.30580259943578\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.092529296875,\n              45.213003555993964\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.279296875,\n              45.26715476332791\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.279296875,\n              45.0657615477031\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.23535156250001,\n              44.91813929958515\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.136474609375,\n              44.66083904265621\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.32324218750001,\n              44.11125397357155\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.49902343750003,\n              44.02442151965934\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63085937500001,\n              43.9058083561574\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.99340820312501,\n              43.88997537383687\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.158203125,\n              43.739352079154706\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.103271484375,\n              43.54854811091286\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.08129882812501,\n              43.35713822211053\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.07031250000001,\n              43.229195113965005\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.059326171875,\n              43.1090040242731\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.213134765625,\n              42.956422511073335\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.25708007812501,\n              42.771211138625894\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.23510742187501,\n              42.66628070564928\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.103271484375,\n              42.52879629320373\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.795654296875,\n              42.02481360781777\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.78466796874999,\n              41.6154423246811\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.7626953125,\n              41.269549502842565\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"192","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61003fe4b06e28e9c253b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chalmers, Ann T. 0000-0002-5199-8080 chalmers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5199-8080","contributorId":1443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalmers","given":"Ann","email":"chalmers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C. 0000-0001-7564-9814 pcvanmet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7564-9814","contributorId":197363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter C.","email":"pcvanmet@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":715802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nilles, Mark A. manilles@usgs.gov","contributorId":3171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nilles","given":"Mark","email":"manilles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70174581,"text":"70174581 - 2014 - Using dissolved organic matter age and composition to detect permafrost thaw in boreal watersheds of interior Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-13T16:29:50","indexId":"70174581","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using dissolved organic matter age and composition to detect permafrost thaw in boreal watersheds of interior Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Recent warming at high latitudes has accelerated permafrost thaw, which can modify soil carbon dynamics and watershed hydrology. The flux and composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from soils to rivers are sensitive to permafrost configuration and its impact on subsurface hydrology and groundwater discharge. Here, we evaluate the utility of DOM composition and age as a tool for detecting permafrost thaw in three rivers (Beaver, Birch, and Hess Creeks) within the discontinuous permafrost zone of interior Alaska. We observed strong temporal controls on &Delta;</span><sup><span>14</span></sup><span>C content of hydrophobic acid isolates (&Delta;</span><sup><span>14</span></sup><span>C-HPOA) across all rivers, with the most enriched values occurring during spring snowmelt (75&thinsp;&plusmn;&thinsp;8&permil;) and most depleted during winter flow (&minus;21&thinsp;&plusmn;&thinsp;8&permil;). Radiocarbon ages of winter flow samples ranged from 35 to 445&thinsp;yr BP, closely tracking estimated median base flow travel times for this region (335&thinsp;years). During spring snowmelt, young DOM was composed of highly aromatic, high molecular-weight compounds, whereas older DOM of winter flow had lower aromaticity and molecular weight. We observed a significant correlation between &Delta;</span><sup><span>14</span></sup><span>C-HPOA and UV absorbance coefficient at 254&thinsp;nm (</span><i>&alpha;<sub><span>254</span></sub></i><span>) across all study rivers. Using</span><i>&alpha;<span>254</span></i><span>&nbsp;as an optical indicator for &Delta;</span><sup><span>14</span></sup><span>C-HPOA, we also observed a long-term decline in&nbsp;</span><i>&alpha;<sub><span>254</span></sub></i><span>&nbsp;during maximum annual thaw depth over the last decade at the Hess Creek study site. These findings suggest a shift in watershed hydrology associated with increasing active layer thickness. Further development of DOM optical indicators may serve as a novel and inexpensive tool for detecting permafrost degradation in northern watersheds.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2014JG002695","usgsCitation":"O’Donnell, J.A., Aiken, G.R., Walvoord, M.A., Raymond, P.A., Butler, K.D., Dornblaser, M.M., and Heckman, K., 2014, Using dissolved organic matter age and composition to detect permafrost thaw in boreal watersheds of interior Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 119, no. 11, p. 2155-2170, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002695.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2155","endPage":"2170","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059818","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jg002695","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325230,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -152.666015625,\n              64.08660677881706\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.666015625,\n              66.94297196713592\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.470458984375,\n              66.94297196713592\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.470458984375,\n              64.08660677881706\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.666015625,\n              64.08660677881706\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"119","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57876633e4b0d27deb36e1ce","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/2014jg002695","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014jg002695","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"O'Donnell Jonathan A., Aiken George R., Walvoord Michelle A., Raymond Peter A., Butler Kenna D., Dornblaser Mark M., Heckman Katherine","journalName":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","publicationDate":"11/2014","auditedOn":"11/23/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Donnell, Jonathan A.","contributorId":84138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle Ann 0000-0003-4269-8366 walvoord@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":147211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"walvoord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Raymond, Peter A.","contributorId":47627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raymond","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Butler, Kenna D. kebutler@usgs.gov","contributorId":3283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"Kenna","email":"kebutler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":642368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dornblaser, Mark M. 0000-0002-6298-3757 mmdornbl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-3757","contributorId":1636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dornblaser","given":"Mark","email":"mmdornbl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Heckman, Katherine","contributorId":172877,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heckman","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[{"id":27110,"text":"U.S. Dept of Agriculture, Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
]}