To understand the hydrogeochemical processes regulating well water arsenic (As) evolution in fractured bedrock aquifers, three domestic wells with [As] up to 478 μg/L are investigated in central Maine. Geophysical logging reveals that fractures near the borehole bottom contribute 70-100% of flow. Borehole and fracture water samples from various depths show significant proportions of As (up to 69%) and Fe (93-99%) in particulates (>0.45 μm). These particulates and those settled after a 16-day batch experiment contain 560-13,000 g/kg of As and 14-35% weight/weight of Fe. As/Fe ratios (2.5-20 mmol/mol) and As partitioning ratios (adsorbed/dissolved [As], 20,000-100,000 L/kg) suggest that As is sorbed onto amorphous hydrous ferric oxides. Newly drilled cores also show enrichment of As (up to 1300 mg/kg) sorbed onto secondary iron minerals on the fracture surfaces. Pumping at high flow rates induces large decreases in particulate As and Fe, a moderate increase in dissolved [As] and As(III)/As ratio, while little change in major ion chemistry. The δD and δ18O are similar for the borehole and fracture waters, suggesting a same source of recharge from atmospheric precipitation. Results support a conceptual model invoking flow and sorption controls on groundwater [As] in fractured bedrock aquifers whereby oxygen infiltration promotes the oxidation of As-bearing sulfides at shallower depths in the oxic portion of the flow path releasing As and Fe; followed by Fe oxidation to form Fe oxyhydroxide particulates, which are transported in fractures and sorb As along the flow path until intercepted by boreholes. In the anoxic portions of the flow path, reductive dissolution of As-sorbed iron particulates could re-mobilize As. For exposure assessment, we recommend sampling of groundwater without filtration to obtain total As concentration in groundwater.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Pub. Co.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.089","collaboration":"Columbia University - Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory; Maine Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Yang, Q., Culbertson, C.W., Nielsen, M.G., Schalk, C.W., Johnson, C.D., Marvinney, R., Stute, M., and Zheng, Y., 2014, Flow and sorption controls of groundwater arsenic in individual boreholes from bedrock aquifers in central Maine, USA: Science of the Total Environment, v. 505, p. 1291-1307, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.089.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1291","endPage":"1307","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052112","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472566,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4233206","text":"External Repository"},{"id":296954,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":296935,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969714005993#"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","volume":"505","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a79e4b08de9379b308d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yang, Qiang","contributorId":27362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Qiang","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Culbertson, Charles W. cculbert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culbertson","given":"Charles","email":"cculbert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nielsen, Martha G. 0000-0003-3038-9400 mnielsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3038-9400","contributorId":4169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Martha","email":"mnielsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schalk, Charles W. cwschalk@usgs.gov","contributorId":1726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schalk","given":"Charles","email":"cwschalk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Carole D. 0000-0001-6941-1578 cjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-1578","contributorId":1891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Carole","email":"cjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Marvinney, Robert G.","contributorId":23070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvinney","given":"Robert G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stute, Martin","contributorId":131127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stute","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7254,"text":"Columbia University - Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zheng, Yan","contributorId":99046,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zheng","given":"Yan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7255,"text":"City University of New York, Queens College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70136361,"text":"ofr20141262 - 2014 - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration hydrographic survey data used in a U.S. Geological Survey regional geologic framework study along the Delmarva Peninsula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-30T15:13:08","indexId":"ofr20141262","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-30T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1262","title":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration hydrographic survey data used in a U.S. Geological Survey regional geologic framework study along the Delmarva Peninsula","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey initiated a research effort in 2014 to define the geologic framework of the Delmarva Peninsula inner continental shelf, which included new data collection and assembly of relevant extant datasets. Between 2006 and 2011, Science Applications International Corporation, under contract to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Ocean Service, carried out 23 hydrographic surveys covering more than 4,100 square kilometers of the continental shelf using Reson multibeam echosounders and Klein towed sidescan sonars to update nautical charts along the Delmarva Peninsula. Acoustic backscatter data from these instruments are valuable for characterizing aspects of shallow geologic framework, including seafloor geology, sediment transport pathways, and marine resources. The data cover an area that extends from the entrance of Delaware Bay, Delaware, south to Parramore Island, Virginia, in water depths of about 3 to 35 meters below mean lower low water. Data were collected along lines spaced 40 meters apart, resulting in 40 to 100 percent seafloor coverage for multibeam bathymetry. Processed bathymetric data within the Delmarva Peninsula study area are available through a National Ocean Service interactive map interface, but towed sidescan data products are limited, and multibeam backscatter data products have not been available in the past.
\n\n
The U.S. Geological Survey obtained raw Reson multibeam data files from Science Applications International Corporation and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for 20 hydrographic surveys and extracted backscatter data using the Fledermaus Geocoder Toolbox from Quality Positioning Service. The backscatter mosaics produced by the U.S. Geological Survey for the inner continental shelf of the Delmarva Peninsula using National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration data increased regional geophysical surveying efficiency, collaboration among government agencies, and the area over which geologic data can be interpreted by the U.S. Geological Survey. This report describes the methods by which the backscatter data were extracted and processed and includes backscatter mosaics and interpolated bathymetric surfaces.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141262","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","usgsCitation":"Pendleton, E., Brothers, L., Thieler, E.R., Danforth, W.W., and Parker, C., 2014, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration hydrographic survey data used in a U.S. Geological Survey regional geologic framework study along the Delmarva Peninsula: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1262, v, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141262.","productDescription":"v, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060425","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296950,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141262.jpg"},{"id":296949,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1262/pdf/ofr2014-1262.pdf","size":"7.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296948,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1262/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Delmarva Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.728515625,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -76.728515625,\n 39.66491373749128\n ],\n [\n -74.970703125,\n 39.66491373749128\n ],\n [\n -74.970703125,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -76.728515625,\n 36.99377838872517\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a9de4b08de9379b313d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pendleton, Elizabeth A. ependleton@usgs.gov","contributorId":2863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"Elizabeth A.","email":"ependleton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brothers, Laura L. lbrothers@usgs.gov","contributorId":4502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"Laura L.","email":"lbrothers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thieler, E. Robert 0000-0003-4311-9717 rthieler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":2488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.","email":"rthieler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Danforth, William W. 0000-0002-6382-9487 bdanforth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6382-9487","contributorId":3292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"William","email":"bdanforth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parker, Castle E.","contributorId":61754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parker","given":"Castle E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70124604,"text":"sir20145174 - 2014 - Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the Sierra Nevada Regional study unit, 2008: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-28T14:06:26","indexId":"sir20145174","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-28T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5174","title":"Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the Sierra Nevada Regional study unit, 2008: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality in the Sierra Nevada Regional (SNR) study unit was investigated as part of the California State Water Resources Control Board’s Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment Program Priority Basin Project. The study was designed to provide statistically unbiased assessments of the quality of untreated groundwater within the primary aquifer system of the Sierra Nevada. The primary aquifer system for the SNR study unit was delineated by the depth intervals over which wells in the State of California’s database of public drinking-water supply wells are open or screened. Two types of assessments were made: (1) a status assessment that described the current quality of the groundwater resource, and (2) an evaluation of relations between groundwater quality and potential explanatory factors that represent characteristics of the primary aquifer system. The assessments characterize untreated groundwater quality, rather than the quality of treated drinking water delivered to consumers by water distributors.
\nThe status assessment was based on water-quality data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey from 83 wells in the SNR study unit in 2008 and from 117 wells in 3 small study units within the SNR study unit in 2006–07 and on water-quality data compiled in the State’s database for 1,066 wells sampled in 2006–08. To provide some context for the results, water-quality data were converted to relative-concentrations (RCs), which are the sample concentrations divided by the concentrations of Federal or California regulatory and non-regulatory benchmarks for drinking-water quality. RCs for inorganic constituents (major ions, trace elements, nutrients, and radioactive constituents) were classified as “high” (RC > 1.0, indicating that concentration is above the benchmark), “moderate” (1.0 ≥ RC > 0.5), or “low” (RC ≤ 0.5). For organic constituents (volatile organic compounds and pesticides) and special-interest constituents (perchlorate and N-nitrosodimethylamine [NDMA]), the boundary between moderate and low RCs was set at 0.1. All benchmarks used for organic constituents were health-based, whereas health-based and aesthetic-based benchmarks were used for inorganic constituents.
\nThe primary metric used for quantifying regional-scale groundwater quality was “aquifer-scale proportion.” Aquifer-scale proportions were calculated as the areal percentages of the primary aquifer system having high, moderate, and low RCs for a given constituent or class of constituents. The SNR study unit area was classified into four aquifer lithologic types—granitic rocks, metamorphic rocks, sedimentary deposits, and volcanic rocks—and aquifer-scale proportions were calculated on an area-weighted basis for each of the four aquifer lithologies and for the study unit as a whole (aggregated system).
\nThe results of the status assessment indicated that inorganic constituents were present at high and moderate RCs in greater proportions in the SNR study unit aggregated primary aquifer system than were organic constituents and that there were significant differences (p < 0.05) between the four aquifer lithologies. One or more inorganic constituents with health-based benchmarks were present at high RCs in 16 percent of the aggregated primary aquifer system and at moderate RCs in 21 percent. Arsenic (9.7 percent), uranium (2.9 percent), boron (2.0 percent), fluoride (1.8 percent), and nitrate (1.4 percent) were the constituents most commonly present at high RCs.
\nFor inorganic constituents with aesthetic-based benchmarks, 18 percent of the aggregated primary aquifer system had high RCs of one or more constituent, and 6.8 percent had moderate RCs. Iron (15.8 percent), manganese (15.1 percent), and total dissolved solids (1.3 percent) were the constituents most commonly present at high RCs.
\nOrganic constituents were not detected in 72 percent of the primary aquifer system. One or more organic constituents had high RCs in 0.1 percent of the primary aquifer system, moderate RCs in 3.0 percent, and low RCs in 25 percent. Proportions of the four lithologic primary aquifer systems with high or moderate concentrations of organic constituents were not significantly different. Three organic constituents had area-weighted detection frequencies greater than 10 percent in the primary aquifer system as a whole or at least one of the four lithologic primary aquifer systems: the gasoline oxygenate methyl tert-butyl ether, the trihalomethane chloroform, and the herbicide simazine. The special-interest constituent perchlorate was detected at high RCs in 0.01 percent of the primary aquifer system and at moderate RCs in 1.0 percent, and detection frequencies could be accounted for by the distribution of perchlorate under natural conditions.
\nStatistical tests were used to evaluate relations between constituent concentrations and potential explanatory factors descriptive of land use, geography, depth, geochemical conditions, and groundwater age. Higher concentrations of trace elements, radioactive constituents, and constituents with aesthetic-based benchmarks generally were associated with anoxic conditions, higher pH, and location within a particular compositional band in the Sierra Nevada batholith corresponding to the southwestern part of the study unit. High concentrations of organic constituents generally were associated with greater proportions of urban land use. No significant relations were observed between the concentrations of organic constituents and measures of well depth or groundwater age, perhaps because of the high proportions of springs and modern groundwater in the dataset.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145174","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Fram, M.S., and Belitz, K., 2014, Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the Sierra Nevada Regional study unit, 2008: California GAMA Priority Basin Project: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5174, x, 118 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145174.","productDescription":"x, 118 p.","numberOfPages":"132","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-035059","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296893,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145174.jpg"},{"id":296877,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5174/"},{"id":296892,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5174/pdf/sir2014-5174.pdf","size":"10.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic Projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 32.52828936482526\n ],\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 32.52828936482526\n ],\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 32.52828936482526\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"A product of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ab7e4b08de9379b31a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70124605,"text":"fs20143096 - 2014 - Groundwater quality in the Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-28T13:57:11","indexId":"fs20143096","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-28T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3096","title":"Groundwater quality in the Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"Groundwater provides more than 40 percent of California’s drinking water. To protect this vital resource, the State of California created the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The Priority Basin Project (PBP) of the GAMA Program provides a comprehensive assessment of the State’s groundwater quality and increases public access to groundwater-quality information. The Sierra Nevada Regional study unit constitutes one of the study units being evaluated.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143096","collaboration":"U.S. Geological Survey and the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Fram, M.S., and Belitz, K., 2014, Groundwater quality in the Sierra Nevada, California: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3096, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143096.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-035060","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296891,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143096.JPG"},{"id":296872,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3096/"},{"id":296890,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3096/pdf/fs2014-3096.pdf","size":"1.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.06909179687501,\n 34.79576153473033\n ],\n [\n -122.06909179687501,\n 40.47202439692057\n ],\n [\n -117.35595703124999,\n 40.47202439692057\n ],\n [\n -117.35595703124999,\n 34.79576153473033\n ],\n [\n -122.06909179687501,\n 34.79576153473033\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a84e4b08de9379b30c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70193846,"text":"70193846 - 2014 - Making decisions in complex landscapes: Headwater stream management across multiple federal agencies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-21T10:27:25","indexId":"70193846","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Making decisions in complex landscapes: Headwater stream management across multiple federal agencies","docAbstract":"Headwater stream ecosystems are vulnerable to numerous threats associated with climate and land use change. In the northeastern US, many headwater stream species (e.g., brook trout and stream salamanders) are of special conservation concern and may be vulnerable to climate change influences, such as changes in stream temperature and streamflow. Federal land management agencies (e.g., US Fish and Wildlife Service, National Park Service, USDA Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management and Department of Defense) are required to adopt policies that respond to climate change and may have longer-term institutional support to enforce such policies compared to state, local, non-governmental, or private land managers. However, federal agencies largely make management decisions in regards to headwater stream ecosystems independently. This fragmentation of management resources and responsibilities across the landscape may significantly impede the efficiency and effectiveness of conservation actions, and higher degrees of collaboration may be required to achieve conservation goals. This project seeks to provide an example of cooperative landscape decision-making to address the conservation of headwater stream ecosystems. We identified shared and contrasting objectives of each federal agency and potential collaboration opportunities that may increase efficient and effective management of headwater stream ecosystems in two northeastern US watersheds. These workshops provided useful insights into the adaptive capacity of federal institutions to address threats to headwater stream ecosystems. Our ultimate goal is to provide a decision-making framework and analysis that addresses large-scale conservation threats across multiple stakeholders, as a demonstration of cooperative landscape conservation for aquatic ecosystems. Additionally, we aim to provide new scientific knowledge and a regional perspective to resource managers to help inform local management decisions.
","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Katz, R., Campbell Grant, E.H., Runge, M.C., Connery, B., Crockett, M., Herland, L., Johnson, S., Kirk, D., Wofford, J., Bennett, R., Nislow, K., Norris, M., Hocking, D., Letcher, B., and Roy, A.H., 2014, Making decisions in complex landscapes: Headwater stream management across multiple federal agencies, 26 p.","productDescription":"26 p.","ipdsId":"IP-059665","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350129,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350126,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://necsc.umass.edu/biblio/making-decisions-complex-landscapes-headwater-stream-management-across-multiple-federal-agenc"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine, New Hampshire, Virginia, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Merrimack Watershed, Potomac Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.9879150390625,\n 44.24126379833976\n ],\n [\n -72.0538330078125,\n 43.8503744993026\n ],\n [\n -71.0101318359375,\n 44.10730980734024\n ],\n [\n -70.72448730468749,\n 44.71161010858431\n ],\n [\n -71.9879150390625,\n 44.24126379833976\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.98046875,\n 39.35129035526705\n ],\n [\n -81.309814453125,\n 37.78808138412046\n ],\n [\n -80.255126953125,\n 36.85325222344018\n ],\n [\n -77.84912109375,\n 38.788345355085625\n ],\n [\n -79.98046875,\n 39.35129035526705\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61003fe4b06e28e9c253bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katz, Rachel","contributorId":201422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Katz","given":"Rachel","affiliations":[{"id":6932,"text":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":725253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell Grant, Evan H. 0000-0003-4401-6496 ehgrant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-6496","contributorId":150443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell Grant","given":"Evan","email":"ehgrant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Connery, Bruce","contributorId":201426,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Connery","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25368,"text":"National Park Service, Acadia National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":725256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crockett, Marquette","contributorId":201428,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crockett","given":"Marquette","affiliations":[{"id":12428,"text":"U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":725257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Herland, Libby","contributorId":201429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herland","given":"Libby","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12428,"text":"U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":725258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Johnson, Sheela","contributorId":201430,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Sheela","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27110,"text":"U.S. Dept of Agriculture, Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":725259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kirk, Dawn","contributorId":201431,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirk","given":"Dawn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27110,"text":"U.S. Dept of Agriculture, Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":725260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wofford, Jeb","contributorId":201432,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wofford","given":"Jeb","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":20307,"text":"US National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":725261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bennett, Rick","contributorId":201433,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bennett","given":"Rick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":725262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Nislow, Keith","contributorId":201434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nislow","given":"Keith","affiliations":[{"id":27110,"text":"U.S. Dept of Agriculture, Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":725263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Norris, Marian","contributorId":201435,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norris","given":"Marian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":20307,"text":"US National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":725264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Hocking, Daniel 0000-0003-1889-9184 dhocking@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1889-9184","contributorId":149618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hocking","given":"Daniel","email":"dhocking@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Letcher, Benjamin 0000-0003-0191-5678 bletcher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":169305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"Benjamin","email":"bletcher@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Roy, Allison H. 0000-0002-8080-2729 aroy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8080-2729","contributorId":4240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"Allison","email":"aroy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70126414,"text":"70126414 - 2014 - Foraging and predation risk for larval cisco (Coregonus artedi) in Lake Superior: A modelling synthesis of empirical survey data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-07T15:39:19.129184","indexId":"70126414","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foraging and predation risk for larval cisco (Coregonus artedi) in Lake Superior: A modelling synthesis of empirical survey data","docAbstract":"The relative importance of predation and food availability as contributors to larval cisco (Coregonus artedi) mortality in Lake Superior were investigated using a visual foraging model to evaluate potential predation pressure by rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) and a bioenergetic model to evaluate potential starvation risk. The models were informed by observations of rainbow smelt, larval cisco, and zooplankton abundance at three Lake Superior locations during the period of spring larval cisco emergence and surface-oriented foraging. Predation risk was highest at Black Bay, ON, where average rainbow smelt densities in the uppermost 10 m of the water column were >1000 ha−1. Turbid conditions at the Twin Ports, WI-MN, affected larval cisco predation risk because rainbow smelt remained suspended in the upper water column during daylight, placing them alongside larval cisco during both day and night hours. Predation risk was low at Cornucopia, WI, owing to low smelt densities (<400 ha−1) and deep light penetration, which kept rainbow smelt near the lakebed and far from larvae during daylight. In situ zooplankton density estimates were low compared to the values used to develop the larval coregonid bioenergetics model, leading to predictions of negative growth rates for 10 mm larvae at all three locations. The model predicted that 15 mm larvae were capable of attaining positive growth at Cornucopia and the Twin Ports where low water temperatures (2–6 °C) decreased their metabolic costs. Larval prey resources were highest at Black Bay but warmer water temperatures there offset the benefit of increased prey availability. A sensitivity analysis performed on the rainbow smelt visual foraging model showed that it was relatively insensitive, while the coregonid bioenergetics model showed that the absolute growth rate predictions were highly sensitive to input parameters (i.e., 20% parameter perturbation led to order of magnitude differences in model estimates). Our modelling indicated that rainbow smelt predation may limit larval cisco survival at Black Bay and to a lesser extent at Twin Ports, and that starvation may be a major source of mortality at all three locations. The framework we describe has the potential to further our understanding of the relative importance of starvation and predation on larval fish survivorship, provided information on prey resources available to larvae are measured at sufficiently fine spatial scales and the models provide a realistic depiction of the dynamic processes that the larvae experience.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.09.009","usgsCitation":"Myers, J.T., Yule, D., Jones, M., Quinlan, H.R., and Berglund, E.K., 2014, Foraging and predation risk for larval cisco (Coregonus artedi) in Lake Superior: A modelling synthesis of empirical survey data: Ecological Modelling, v. 294, p. 71-83, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.09.009.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"83","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054122","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296791,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.13134765625,\n 46.51351558059737\n ],\n [\n -92.13134765625,\n 49.023461463214126\n ],\n [\n -84.375,\n 49.023461463214126\n ],\n [\n -84.375,\n 46.51351558059737\n ],\n [\n -92.13134765625,\n 46.51351558059737\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"294","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ba2e4b08de9379b3440","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Myers, Jared T. 0009-0004-9362-8792","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9362-8792","contributorId":119508,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Myers","given":"Jared","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6600,"text":"Qauntitative Fisheries Center, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":519556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yule, Daniel L. dyule@usgs.gov","contributorId":2502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yule","given":"Daniel L.","email":"dyule@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Michael L.","contributorId":119922,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[{"id":6600,"text":"Qauntitative Fisheries Center, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":519557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Quinlan, Henry R.","contributorId":117465,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quinlan","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":519555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Berglund, Eric K.","contributorId":115926,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berglund","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70136074,"text":"ofr20141226 - 2014 - Groundwater quality in central New York, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-22T16:18:25","indexId":"ofr20141226","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-22T17:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1226","title":"Groundwater quality in central New York, 2012","docAbstract":"Water samples were collected from 14 production wells and 15 private wells in central New York from August through December 2012 in a study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. The samples were analyzed to characterize the groundwater quality in unconsolidated and bedrock aquifers in this area. Fifteen of the wells are finished in sand-and-gravel aquifers, and 14 are finished in bedrock aquifers. Six of the 29 wells were sampled in a previous central New York study, which was conducted in 2007. Water samples from the 2012 study were analyzed for 147 physiochemical properties and constituents, including major ions, nutrients, trace elements, radionuclides, pesticides, volatile organic compounds, dissolved gases (argon, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen, oxygen), and indicator bacteria. Results of the water-quality analyses are presented in tabular form for individual wells, and summary statistics for specific constituents are presented by aquifer type. The results are compared with Federal and New York State drinking-water standards, which typically are identical. The results indicate that the groundwater generally is of acceptable quality, although for all of the wells sampled, at least one of the following constituents was detected at a concentration that exceeded current or proposed Federal or New York State drinking-water standards: color (2 samples), pH (7 samples), sodium (9 samples), chloride (2 samples), fluoride (2 samples), sulfate (2 samples), dissolved solids (8 samples), aluminum (4 samples), arsenic (1 sample), iron (9 samples), manganese (13 samples), radon-222 (13 samples), total coliform bacteria (6 samples), and heterotrophic bacteria (2 samples). Drinking-water standards for nitrate, nitrite, antimony, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, selenium, silver, thallium, zinc, gross alpha radioactivity, uranium, fecal coliform, and Escherichia coliwere not exceeded in any of the samples collected. None of the pesticides or volatile organic compounds analyzed exceeded drinking-water standards. Methane was detected in 11 sand-and-gravel wells and 9 bedrock wells. Five of the 14 bedrock wells had water with methane concentrations approaching 10 mg/L; water in one bedrock well had 37 mg/L of methane.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141226","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Reddy, J.E., 2014, Groundwater quality in central New York, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1226, Report: v, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141226.","productDescription":"Report: v, 13 p.","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-051719","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296857,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141226.jpg"},{"id":296854,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1226/"},{"id":296855,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1226/pdf/ofr2014-1226.pdf","size":"1.75 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296856,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1226/appendix/ofr2014-1226_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"89.3 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.62939453125,\n 42.167475010395336\n ],\n [\n -77.62939453125,\n 43.75522505306928\n ],\n [\n -75.02014160156249,\n 43.75522505306928\n ],\n [\n -75.02014160156249,\n 42.167475010395336\n ],\n [\n -77.62939453125,\n 42.167475010395336\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a84e4b08de9379b30be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reddy, James E. 0000-0002-6998-7267 jreddy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6998-7267","contributorId":1080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"James","email":"jreddy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70133977,"text":"sir20145217 - 2014 - Abundance of host fish and frequency of glochidial parasitism in fish assessed in field and laboratory settings and frequency of juvenile mussels or glochidia recovered from hatchery-held fish, central and southeastern Texas, 2012-13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T12:03:03","indexId":"sir20145217","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-22T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5217","title":"Abundance of host fish and frequency of glochidial parasitism in fish assessed in field and laboratory settings and frequency of juvenile mussels or glochidia recovered from hatchery-held fish, central and southeastern Texas, 2012-13","docAbstract":"In 2012–13, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), completed the first phase of a two-phase study of mussel host-fish relations for five endemic mussel species in central and southeastern Texas that were State-listed as threatened on January 17, 2010: (1) Texas fatmucket (Lampsilis bracteata), (2) golden orb (Quadrula aurea), (3) smooth pimpleback (Quadrula houstonensis), (4) Texas pimpleback (Quadrula petrina), and (5) Texas fawnsfoot (Truncilla macrodon). On October 6, 2011, the USFWS announced the completion of a status review and determined that the five mussel species warranted listing under the Endangered Species Act; however, listing of these species at that time was precluded by higher priority listing actions, and currently (December 2014), they remained unlisted.
\n\n
Freshwater mussels are long-lived, sedentary organisms that spend their larval stage as obligate parasites on the gills or fins of fishes, and many of these larvae, which are referred to as “glochidia,” can survive only on a narrow range of host-fish species. Results from both study phases are likely to provide information useful for propagation of rare mussels, reintroduction of host fish, population and reproduction monitoring, habitat restoration and enhancement, and adaptive management.
\n\n
The abundance of host fish, frequency of parasitism in fish, and frequency of juvenile mussels or glochidia recovered from hatchery-held fish was assessed by collecting fish and mussels at 14 sites distributed among seven streams in central and southeastern Texas (juvenile mussels and glochidia were not differentiated in hatchery-held fish). All fish collected and assessed in this study were wild-caught. Qualitative surveys of the resident mussel communities were made, focusing on the five candidate species. A subsample (3 percent in 2012 and 19 percent in 2013) of the fish collected during aquatic biota surveys was submitted to the USFWS San Marcos National Fish Hatchery and Technology Center to collect juvenile mussels and glochidia recovered from the host fish, which were held for 28 days in holding tanks to allow time for most of the attached glochidia to release from the gills of the fish after transforming into juvenile mussels. All fish not sent to the hatchery were assessed for glochidia in the field or in the USGS Texas Water Science Center laboratory in Austin, Tex. Juvenile mussels and glochidia that were recovered from fish at the hatchery were submitted for use in the second phase of this study, the development of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) identification keys to determine mussel and host-fish relationships through DNA-based molecular identification (DNA typing of the juvenile mussels and glochidia). Reporting on the results of DNA-based molecular identification research is beyond the scope of this report.
\n\n
In 2012, the majority of the fish that were collected, in terms of total number and species types, belonged to the sunfish family Centrarchidae (centrarchids; 1,277 individuals and at least 10 species). Redbreast sunfish (Lepomis auritus) was the most common species collected in 2012 (603 individuals), but the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) species was caught at all 10 sites. The largest number of species (19) was collected at the San Saba Menard site (San Saba River near Menard, Tex.) on May 22, 2012.
\n\n
In 2013, most of the fish that were collected, in terms of total number and species types, were centrarchids (763 individuals) and cyprinids (10 species), respectively. Blacktail shiner (Cyprinella venusta) was the most common species collected in 2013 (287 individuals), but bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) was the only species that was caught at all nine sites. The largest number of individuals (382) and species (19) was collected from the Colorado Columbus site (Colorado River near Columbus, Tex.) on June 11, 2013.
\n\n
A minimum of two fish (any species) parasitized with glochidia was collected from each of the 10 sites sampled during 2012. The highest percentage of parasitized fish (19.1 percent) was measured at the Guadalupe Victoria site (Guadalupe River near Victoria, Tex.). The catfish family Ictaluridae (ictalurids) exhibited the highest proportion of parasitized fish (12.1 percent). Of the nine sites sampled in 2013, the Pedernales Fredericksburg site (Pedernales River near Fredericksburg, Tex.) had the highest proportion of parasitized fish at 22.7 percent. Ictalurids again exhibited the highest frequency of parasitism (26.5 percent).
\n\n
Of the fish that were not sent to the hatchery but assessed for glochidia in the field or in the laboratory in 2012, at least 13 species were parasitized, and longear sunfish (Lepomis megalotis) was the species with the highest percentage of parasitized individuals (17.3 percent). Of the fish that were not sent to the hatchery but assessed for glochidia in the field or in the laboratory in 2013, only eight species were parasitized, and flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris) was the species with the highest percentage of parasitized individuals (42.9 percent).
\n\n
With the exception of the San Antonio Charco site, fish were submitted to the hatchery from all sampling sites in 2013. During the first sampling period in 2013 (April 1–5), slightly more than half (16 out of 29) of the fish species (on a per site basis) that were submitted to the hatchery released juvenile mussels and glochidia. Compared to the other sampling periods in 2013, substantially fewer glochidia per fish were present on fish submitted to the hatchery during the second sampling period in 2013 (April 29–May 2). Although only two sites were sampled during the third sampling period in 2013 (June 10–11), more juvenile mussels and glochidia were recovered at the hatchery during this sampling period (107) than were recovered during the first two sampling periods in 2013 combined (102). An average of 17 juvenile mussels or glochidia was recovered per largemouth bass submitted to the hatchery from the Guadalupe Victoria site during the third sampling period.
\n\n
A total of 19 fish species collected at nine sites was submitted to the hatchery in 2013, and 14 of these species had juvenile mussels or glochidia that were recovered at the hatchery. The three most productive species, in terms of the average number of juvenile mussels or glochidia recovered, were longear sunfish, spotted bass, and largemouth bass, each of which averaged more than two juvenile mussels or glochidia recovered per individual.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145217","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Braun, C.L., Stevens, C.L., Echo-Hawk, P.D., Johnson, N.A., and Moring, J., 2014, Abundance of host fish and frequency of glochidial parasitism in fish assessed in field and laboratory settings and frequency of juvenile mussels or glochidia recovered from hatchery-held fish, central and southeastern Texas, 2012-13: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5217, v, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145217.","productDescription":"v, 53 p.","numberOfPages":"63","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-055845","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296840,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145217.jpg"},{"id":296830,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5217/"},{"id":296839,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5217/pdf/sir2014-5217.pdf","size":"4.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.63330078125,\n 25.859223554761407\n ],\n [\n -106.63330078125,\n 36.58024660149866\n ],\n [\n -93.44970703125,\n 36.58024660149866\n ],\n [\n -93.44970703125,\n 25.859223554761407\n ],\n [\n -106.63330078125,\n 25.859223554761407\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a4fe4b08de9379b2fd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Braun, Christopher L. 0000-0002-5540-2854 clbraun@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5540-2854","contributorId":925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braun","given":"Christopher","email":"clbraun@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stevens, Charrish L.","contributorId":127550,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stevens","given":"Charrish","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Echo-Hawk, Patricia D.","contributorId":127551,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Echo-Hawk","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Nathan A. 0000-0001-5167-1988 najohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5167-1988","contributorId":4175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nathan","email":"najohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moring, James B. jbmoring@usgs.gov","contributorId":1509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moring","given":"James B.","email":"jbmoring@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70133442,"text":"sir20145210 - 2014 - Chemical and biological quality of water in Grand Lake St. Marys, Ohio, 2011-12, with emphasis on cyanobacteria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-22T09:33:22","indexId":"sir20145210","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-22T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5210","title":"Chemical and biological quality of water in Grand Lake St. Marys, Ohio, 2011-12, with emphasis on cyanobacteria","docAbstract":"Grand Lake St. Marys (GLSM) is a shallow lake in northwest Ohio, which is about 9 miles long and 3 miles wide with depths averaging less than 8 feet. Cyanobacteria blooms are common in GLSM, and high concentrations of microcystins—toxins produced by cyanobacteria—have been documented therein. During 2011–12, the U.S. Geological Survey collected 11 sets of water samples at 6 locations in the lake. The water samples were analyzed for concentrations of nutrients, chlorophyll, and microcystin and to determine plankton community structure and abundance. Analysis by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to identify the relations between microcystin concentrations and Planktothrix and Microcystisgenotypes (toxic versus non-toxic). The qPCR analysis targets deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) genes and quantifies the potential for toxin production, whereas the qRT-PCR analysis targets ribonucleic acid (RNA) transcripts and quantifies the expression of the toxin gene. Water samples were collected six times at one site for analyses of major ions and trace elements. In addition, field measurements were made to determine transparency, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and specific conductance of the water.
\n\n
GLSM is shallow with a long fetch, which contributes to the warm and turbid water conditions. Secchi-disk measurements generally ranged from 0.2 to 0.3 meters, and summer water temperatures in GLSM frequently exceed 25 degrees Celsius (°C), with peak temperatures greater than 30 °C. Dissolved oxygen readings below 0.5 milligrams per liter (mg/L) occurred at the lake bottom, which can lead to the internal recycling of phosphorus in the lake.
\n\n
Phytoplankton analyses indicated that GLSM is dominated by cyanobacteria with Planktothrix, the dominant genera during 2011–12. Nitrate ranged from 0.19 to 3.23 mg/L, although concentrations in most samples were less than 1 mg/L. Total nitrogen concentrations ranged from 1.86 to 5.42 mg/L. Orthophosphate (as P) concentrations ranged from less than 0.004 to 0.067 mg/L, although concentrations of most samples were less than 0.004 mg/L. Total phosphorus (as P) concentrations ranged from 0.12 to 0.43 mg/L. Microcystin concentrations ranged from 7.3 to 83 micrograms per liter.
\n\n
Microcystin concentrations were correlated to cyanobacteria biovolumes, and to concentrations of one ion (sodium) and three trace elements (molybdenum, antimony, and lithium). Concentrations of toxin genes (mcyE) determined by qPCR were consistently low forMicrocystis and consistently high for Planktothrix throughout both sampling years. Concentrations of cyanobacteria found by qPCR were correlated to microcystin concentrations, cyanobacteria biovolumes, selected nutrient concentrations, and other parameters. Results from qRT-PCR assays showed that toxin gene expression was predominantly from the genus Planktothrix, and concentrations of the RNA transcript varied throughout the two sampling years. A number of conditions that may play a role in the dominance ofPlanktothrix and the production of microcystin were identified including water temperature; low-light transmission; low concentrations of silica and manganese; and relatively high concentrations of sodium, sulfate, and the trace elements of strontium, vanadium, and boron.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145210","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ohio Water Development Authority; the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Ohio State Parks; and the City of Celina, Water Treatment Plant","usgsCitation":"Dumouchelle, D.H., and Stelzer, E.A., 2014, Chemical and biological quality of water in Grand Lake St. Marys, Ohio, 2011-12, with emphasis on cyanobacteria: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5210, Report: viii, 51 p.; 5 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145210.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 51 p.; 5 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"64","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-054452","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296838,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145210.jpg"},{"id":296831,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5210/"},{"id":296832,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5210/pdf/sir20145210.pdf","size":"3.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296833,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5210/downloads/Appendix1_USGS_Water-Quality_Data_SIR20145210.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"39 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":296834,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5210/downloads/Appendix2_Plankton-data_SIR20145210/","text":"Appendix 2"},{"id":296835,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5210/downloads/Appendix3_OEPA-water-quality-data_SIR20145210","text":"Appendix 3"},{"id":296836,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5210/downloads/Appendix4_DNA-and-RNA-methods-results_SIR20145210.docx","text":"Appendix 4","size":"23 kB"},{"id":296837,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5210/downloads/Appendix5_Quality-Assurance_Quality-Control_SIR20145210","text":"Appendix 5"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"State Plane Ohio North projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Grand Lake St. Marys","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.57481384277344,\n 40.49056515559304\n ],\n [\n -84.57481384277344,\n 40.549287249082035\n ],\n [\n -84.41619873046875,\n 40.549287249082035\n ],\n [\n -84.41619873046875,\n 40.49056515559304\n ],\n [\n -84.57481384277344,\n 40.49056515559304\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a5ee4b08de9379b3016","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dumouchelle, Denise H. ddumouch@usgs.gov","contributorId":1847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumouchelle","given":"Denise","email":"ddumouch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stelzer, Erin A. 0000-0001-7645-7603 eastelzer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7645-7603","contributorId":1933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stelzer","given":"Erin","email":"eastelzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70103863,"text":"fs20143046 - 2014 - Effects of projected climate (2011–50) on karst hydrology and species vulnerability—Edwards aquifer, south-central Texas, and Madison aquifer, western South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-11T12:09:34","indexId":"fs20143046","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-22T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3046","title":"Effects of projected climate (2011–50) on karst hydrology and species vulnerability—Edwards aquifer, south-central Texas, and Madison aquifer, western South Dakota","docAbstract":"Karst aquifers—formed by the dissolution of soluble rocks such as limestone—are critical groundwater resources in North America, and karst springs, caves, and streams provide habitat for unique flora and fauna. Springflow and groundwater levels in karst terrane can change greatly over short time scales, and therefore are likely to respond rapidly to climate change. How might the biological communities and ecosystems associated with karst respond to climate change and accompanying changes in groundwater levels and springflow?
\nSites in two central U.S. regions—the Balcones Escarpment of south-central Texas and the Black Hills of western South Dakota (fig. 1)—were selected to study climate change and its potential effects on the local karst hydrology and ecosystem. The ecosystems associated with the Edwards aquifer (Balcones Escarpment region) and Madison aquifer (Black Hills region) support federally listed endangered and threatened species and numerous State-listed species of concern, including amphibians, birds, insects, and plants. Full results are provided in Stamm and others (2014), and are summarized in this fact sheet.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143046","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Department of Interior South-Central Climate Science Center","usgsCitation":"Mahler, B.J., Stamm, J.F., Symstad, A.J., Poteet, M.F., Musgrove, MaryLynn, Long, A.J., and Norton, P.A., 2015, Effects of projected climate (2011–50) on karst hydrology and species vulnerability—Edwards aquifer, south-central Texas, and Madison aquifer, western South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014–3046, 4 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20143046.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051145","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312205,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3046/fs20143046.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.16 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2014-3046"},{"id":312203,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3046/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Balcones Escarpment, Black Hills, Edwards Aquifer, Madison Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.99658203125,\n 43.11702412135048\n ],\n [\n -103.095703125,\n 43.11702412135048\n ],\n [\n -103.095703125,\n 44.809121700077355\n ],\n [\n -103.99658203125,\n 44.809121700077355\n ],\n [\n -103.99658203125,\n 43.11702412135048\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.21728515624999,\n 28.246327971048842\n ],\n [\n -96.9873046875,\n 28.246327971048842\n ],\n [\n -96.9873046875,\n 31.147006308556566\n ],\n [\n -100.21728515624999,\n 31.147006308556566\n ],\n [\n -100.21728515624999,\n 28.246327971048842\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center (NCCWSC)
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS 516
Reston, VA 20192
https://nccwsc.usgs.gov/karst
Concern for future water supplies in Tennessee has grown in recent years as a result of increased awareness of competing needs, the impact of droughts, and the need for more water to support growing populations. The U.S. Geological Survey conducts investigations to improve the knowledge about interactions of geology, climate, humans, and ecosystems with the water cycle, which is critical to understanding and optimizing water availability. The Hixson Utility District in Hamilton County, Tennessee, uses groundwater resources in the Cave Springs area as a water supply, withdrawing water from two well fields located at Cave Springs and Walkers Corner. Historically, Hixson Utility District has withdrawn about 5 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) at the Cave Springs well field and between 2 and 3 Mgal/d at the Walkers Corner well field. To assess the capacity of the groundwater resources in the Cave Springs area to meet future demands, four different scenarios of increased groundwater withdrawals were analyzed using computer model simulations.
\n\n
In the study area, groundwater is present in both regolith and bedrock. Groundwater flow in the regolith occurs as diffuse flow as recharge from precipitation moves through the regolith to discharge to streams and springs or to the underlying bedrock. Most of the bedrock in the study area has low primary porosity and permeability; however, fracturing and dissolution have produced substantial secondary porosity and permeability. Groundwater flow through the bedrock occurs as both diffuse and conduit flow. Recharge to the aquifer is from two distinct sources: direct infiltration of precipitation and losing streams. A major source of recharge to the aquifer that supplies Cave Springs is surface water that is lost from North Chickamauga Creek as it flows from the Cumberland Plateau onto the Newman Limestone. Average annual streamflow loss (groundwater recharge) from this reach of North Chickamauga Creek for the period November 2000 through June 2006 is about 18 cubic feet per second (ft3/s). Groundwater leaves the aquifer as either discharge to North Chickamauga Creek, Poe Branch, and Lick Branch; discharge to Chickamauga Lake; spring flow to Cave Springs or Rogers Spring; or withdrawals at the Cave Springs or Walkers Corner well fields.
\n\n
Using computer model simulations, four scenarios of increased groundwater withdrawals were analyzed. Each of these four scenarios are compared to a base-case simulation that uses groundwater withdrawal rates from 2012 of 5.1 Mgal/d from the Cave Springs well field and 2.7 Mgal/d from the Walkers Corner well field. Under scenarios A and B, pumpage is increased at Cave Springs by 2 Mgal/d and 5 Mgal/d, respectively, while pumpage at Walkers Corner remains unchanged. Under scenarios C and D, pumpage is increased at Walkers Corner by 2.6 Mgal/d and 4.5 Mgal/d, respectively, while pumpage at Cave Springs remains unchanged. The effects of the increased withdrawals were analyzed by comparing water budget changes of the groundwater discharges to Chickamauga Lake, North Chickamauga Creek, Cave Springs, Poe Branch, and Lick Branch/Rogers Spring for each of the scenarios and evaluating changes in groundwater levels at the well fields.
\n\n
Under scenarios A and B, the largest change in the water budget occurs for flow to Cave Springs with decreases of 1.9 and 4.7 ft3/s, respectively. Similarly, groundwater discharge to North Chickamauga Creek decreases by 1.0 ft3/s and 2.6 ft33/s, respectively. Under scenarios C and D, the largest change in the water budget occurs for flow to Chickamauga Lake with decreases of 1.3 ft3/s and 2.3 ft3/s, respectively. Similarly, groundwater discharge to North Chickamauga Creek decreases by 1.1 ft3/s and 2.1 ft3/s, respectively. Changes in groundwater levels at the well fields were also analyzed. At the Cave Springs well field, maximum declines in groundwater levels due to additional pumpage are less than 1 foot for all scenarios. Groundwater level changes at the Cave Springs well field are small due to the highly transmissive nature of the aquifer in this location. Maximum groundwater-level declines at Walkers Corner are less than 1 foot for scenarios A and B and about 52 feet and 82 feet for scenarios C and D, respectively. Under scenarios C and D, the regional potentiometric surface shows a large cone of depression centered on the Walkers Corner well field and elongated along geologic strike.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145222","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Hixson Utility District","usgsCitation":"Haugh, C.J., 2014, Simulated effects of increased groundwater withdrawals in the Cave Springs area, Hixson, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5222, v, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145222.","productDescription":"v, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055468","costCenters":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296826,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145222.jpg"},{"id":296825,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5222/pdf/sir2014-5222.pdf","size":"4.52 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296824,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5222/"}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","city":"Chattanooga","otherGeospatial":"Cave Springs, Hixson","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.37063598632812,\n 35.206355445199605\n ],\n [\n -85.37063598632812,\n 35.570214567965984\n ],\n [\n -84.90234375,\n 35.570214567965984\n ],\n [\n -84.90234375,\n 35.206355445199605\n ],\n [\n -85.37063598632812,\n 35.206355445199605\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ab3e4b08de9379b318e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haugh, Connor J. 0000-0002-5204-8271 cjhaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5204-8271","contributorId":3932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haugh","given":"Connor","email":"cjhaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70134240,"text":"sir20145214 - 2014 - Analysis of floods, including the tropical storm Irene inundation, of the Ottauquechee River in Woodstock, Bridgewater, and Killington and of Reservoir Brook in Bridgewater and Plymouth, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-18T15:26:24","indexId":"sir20145214","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-18T16:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5214","title":"Analysis of floods, including the tropical storm Irene inundation, of the Ottauquechee River in Woodstock, Bridgewater, and Killington and of Reservoir Brook in Bridgewater and Plymouth, Vermont","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New York District for a 25-mile reach of the Ottauquechee River and a 2-mile reach of Reservoir Brook in Vermont. The reach of the Ottauquechee River that was studied extends from River Road Bridge in Killington, Vt., to the Taftsville Dam in the village of Taftsville, in the town of Woodstock, Vt., and the reach of Reservoir Brook extends from a location downstream from the Woodward Reservoir in Plymouth, Vt., to its confluence with the Ottauquechee River in Bridgewater, Vt. The inundation maps depict estimates of the areal extent of flooding corresponding to the 1-percent annual exceedance probability (AEP) flood (also referred to as the 100-year flood) and the peak of the tropical storm Irene flood of August 28, 2011, which was greater than the 0.2-percent AEP flood (also referred to as the 500-year flood), as referenced to the USGS Ottauquechee River near West Bridgewater, Vt. streamgage (station 01150900).
\n\n
In addition to the two digital flood inundation maps, flood profiles were created that depict the study reach flood elevation of tropical storm Irene of August 2011 and the 10-, 2-, 1-, and 0.2-percent AEP floods, also known as the 10-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year floods, respectively. The 10-, 2-, 1-, and 0.2-percent AEP flood discharges were determined using annual peak flow data from the USGS Ottauquechee River near West Bridgewater, Vt. streamgage (station 01150900). Flood profiles were computed for the Ottauquechee River and Reservoir Brook by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model. The model was calibrated using documented high-water marks of the peak of the tropical storm Irene flood of August 2011 as well as stage discharge data as determined for USGS Ottauquechee River near West Bridgewater, Vt. streamgage (station 01150900). The simulated water-surface profiles were combined with a digital elevation model within a geographic information system to delineate the areas flooded during tropical storm Irene and for the 1-percent AEP water-surface profile. The digital elevation model data were derived from light detection and ranging (lidar) data obtained for a 3,281-foot (1,000-meter) corridor along the Ottauquechee River study reach and were augmented with 33-foot (10- meter) contour interval data in the modeled flood-inundation areas outside the lidar corridor. The 33-foot (10-meter) contour interval USGS 15-minute quadrangle topographic digital raster graphics map used to augment lidar data was produced at a scale of 1:24,000. The digital flood inundation maps and flood profiles along with information regarding current stage from USGS streamgages on the Internet provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities, such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for post-flood recovery efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145214","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Flynn, R.H., 2014, Analysis of floods, including the tropical storm Irene inundation, of the Ottauquechee River in Woodstock, Bridgewater, and Killington and of Reservoir Brook in Bridgewater and Plymouth, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5214, Report: vii, 11 p.; Readme; 5 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145214.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 11 p.; Readme; 5 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055865","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296815,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145214.jpg"},{"id":296807,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5214/"},{"id":296808,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5214/pdf/sir2014-5214.pdf","size":"2.25 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296809,"rank":3,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5214/appendix/sir2014-5214_app-readme.txt","text":"Appendix 1-5 Readme","size":"14 kB"},{"id":296810,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5214/appendix/sir2014-5214_apend01.pdf","text":"Appendix 1","size":"7.71 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296811,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5214/appendix/sir2014-5214_apend02.pdf","text":"Appendix 2","size":"172 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296812,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5214/appendix/sir2014-5214_apend03.pdf","text":"Appendix 3","size":"140 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296813,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5214/appendix/sir2014-5214_apend04.pdf","text":"Appendix 4","size":"59 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296814,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5214/appendix/sir2014-5214_apend05.pdf","text":"Appendix 5","size":"55.3 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Ottauquechee River, Reservoir Brook","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.74871826171875,\n 43.511708955963776\n ],\n [\n -72.74871826171875,\n 43.7572088788494\n ],\n [\n -72.23236083984375,\n 43.7572088788494\n ],\n [\n -72.23236083984375,\n 43.511708955963776\n ],\n [\n -72.74871826171875,\n 43.511708955963776\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a54e4b08de9379b2fe6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flynn, Robert H. rflynn@usgs.gov","contributorId":2137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Robert","email":"rflynn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70134861,"text":"fs20143121 - 2014 - The Caloosahatchee River Estuary: a monitoring partnership between Federal, State, and local governments, 2007-13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-18T14:55:44","indexId":"fs20143121","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-18T15:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3121","title":"The Caloosahatchee River Estuary: a monitoring partnership between Federal, State, and local governments, 2007-13","docAbstract":"The tidal Caloosahatchee River and downstream estuaries have substantial environmental, recreational, and economic value for southwest Florida residents and visitors. Modifications to the Caloosahatchee River watershed have altered the predevelopment hydrology, thereby threatening the environmental health of estuaries in the area. Hydrologic monitoring of the freshwater contributions from tributaries to the tidal Caloosahatchee River and its estuaries is necessary to adequately describe the total freshwater inflow and constituent loads to the delicate estuarine system.
\n\n
From 2007 to 2013, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) and the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD), operated a flow and salinity monitoring network at tributaries flowing into and at key locations within the tidal Caloosahatchee River. This network was designed to supplement existing long-term monitoring stations, such as W.P. Franklin Lock, also known as S–79, which are operated by the USGS in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Lee County, and the City of Cape Coral. Additionally, a monitoring station was operated on Sanibel Island from 2010 to 2013 as part of the USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science initiative and in partnership with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (J.N. Ding Darling National Wildlife Refuge). Moving boat water-quality surveys throughout the tidal Caloosahatchee River and downstream estuaries began in 2011 and are ongoing. Information generated by these monitoring networks has proved valuable to the FDEP for developing total maximum daily load criteria, and to the SFWMD for calibrating and verifying a hydrodynamic model. The information also supports the Caloosahatchee River Watershed Protection Plan.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143121","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Florida Department of Environmental Protection and the South Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Patino, E., 2014, The Caloosahatchee River Estuary: a monitoring partnership between Federal, State, and local governments, 2007-13: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3121, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143121.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-056907","costCenters":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296806,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143121.jpg"},{"id":296803,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3121/"},{"id":296804,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3121/pdf/fs2014-3121.pdf","size":"760 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Caloosahatchee River Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.15713500976562,\n 26.394329964650204\n ],\n [\n -82.15713500976562,\n 26.713720362159552\n ],\n [\n -81.66000366210938,\n 26.713720362159552\n ],\n [\n -81.66000366210938,\n 26.394329964650204\n ],\n [\n -82.15713500976562,\n 26.394329964650204\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2abee4b08de9379b31c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patino, Eduardo 0000-0003-1016-3658 epatino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1016-3658","contributorId":1743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"Eduardo","email":"epatino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70135868,"text":"70135868 - 2014 - River chloride trends in snow-affected urban watersheds: increasing concentrations outpace urban growth rate and are common among all seasons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-18T10:06:50","indexId":"70135868","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-18T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"River chloride trends in snow-affected urban watersheds: increasing concentrations outpace urban growth rate and are common among all seasons","docAbstract":"Chloride concentrations in northern U.S. included in this study have increased substantially over time with average concentrations approximately doubling from 1990 to 2011, outpacing the rate of urbanization in the northern U.S. Historical data were examined for 30 monitoring sites on 19 streams that had chloride concentration and flow records of 18 to 49 years. Chloride concentrations in most studied streams increased in all seasons (13 of 19 in all seasons; 16 of 19 during winter); maximum concentrations occurred during winter. Increasing concentrations during non-deicing periods suggest that chloride was stored in hydrologic reservoirs, such as the shallow groundwater system, during the winter and slowly released in baseflow throughout the year. Streamflow dependency was also observed with chloride concentrations increasing as streamflow decreased, a result of dilution during rainfall- and snowmelt-induced high-flow periods. The influence of chloride on aquatic life increased with time; 29% of sites studied exceeded the concentration for the USEPA chronic water quality criteria of 230 mg/L by an average of more than 100 individual days per year during 2006–2011. The rapid rate of chloride concentration increase in these streams is likely due to a combination of possible increased road salt application rates, increased baseline concentrations, and greater snowfall in the Midwestern U.S. during the latter portion of the study period.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.012","usgsCitation":"Corsi, S., De Cicco, L., Lutz, M., and Hirsch, R.M., 2014, River chloride trends in snow-affected urban watersheds: increasing concentrations outpace urban growth rate and are common among all seasons: Science of the Total Environment, v. 508, p. 488-497, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.012.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"488","endPage":"497","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061255","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296782,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic USGS CONUS 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Cicco, Laura A. 0000-0002-3915-9487 ldecicco@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3915-9487","contributorId":4814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Cicco","given":"Laura A.","email":"ldecicco@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lutz, Michelle A. malutz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutz","given":"Michelle A.","email":"malutz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70111439,"text":"sir20145089 - 2014 - Historical and projected climate (1901–2050) and hydrologic response of karst aquifers, and species vulnerability in south-central Texas and western South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-12T20:06:13","indexId":"sir20145089","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-18T06:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5089","title":"Historical and projected climate (1901–2050) and hydrologic response of karst aquifers, and species vulnerability in south-central Texas and western South Dakota","docAbstract":"Two karst aquifers, the Edwards aquifer in the Balcones Escarpment region of south-central Texas and the Madison aquifer in the Black Hills of western South Dakota, were evaluated for hydrologic response to projected climate change through 2050. Edwards aquifer sites include Barton Springs, the Bexar County Index Well, and Comal Springs. Madison aquifer sites include Spearfish Creek and Rhoads Fork Spring. Climate projections at sites were based on output from the Community Climate System Model of global climate, linked to the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model of regional climate. The WRF model output was bias adjusted to match means for 1981–2010 from records at weather stations near Madison and Edwards aquifer sites, including Boerne, Texas, and Custer and Lead, South Dakota. Hydrologic response at spring and well sites was based on the Rainfall-Response Aquifer and Watershed Flow (RRAWFLOW) model. The WRF model climate projections for 2011–50 indicate a significant upward trend in annual air temperature for all three weather stations and a significant downward trend in annual precipitation for the Boerne weather station. Annual springflow simulated by the RRAWFLOW model had a significant downward trend for Edwards aquifer sites and no trend for Madison aquifer sites.
\nFlora and fauna that rely on springflow from Edwards and Madison aquifer sites were assessed for vulnerability to projected climate change on the basis of the Climate Change Vulnerability Index (CCVI). The CCVI is determined by the exposure of a species to climate, the sensitivity of the species, and the ability of the species to cope with climate change. Sixteen species associated with springs and groundwater were assessed in the Balcones Escarpment region. The Barton Springs salamander (Eurycea sosorum) was scored as highly vulnerable with moderate confidence. Nine species—three salamanders, a fountain darter (Etheostoma fonticola), three insects, and two amphipods—were scored as moderately vulnerable. The remaining six species—four vascular plants, the Barton cavesnail (Stygopyrgus bartonensis), and a cave shrimp—were scored as not vulnerable/presumed stable (not vulnerable and evidence does not support change in abundance or range of the species). Vulnerability of eight species associated with streams that receive springflow from the Madison aquifer in the Black Hills was assessed. Of these, the American dipper (Cinclus mexicanus) and the lesser yellow lady’s slipper (Cypripedium parviflorum) were scored as moderately vulernable with high confidence. The dwarf scouringrush (Equisetum scirpoides) and autumn willow (Salix serissima) were also scored as moderately vulnerable with moderate to low confidence, respectively. Other species were assessed as not vulnerable/presumed stable or not vulnerable/increase likely (not vulnerable and evidence supporting an increase in abundance or range of the species). Lower vulnerability scores for the Black Hills species in comparison to the Balcones Escarpment species reflect lower endemicity, higher projected springflow than in the historical period, and high thermal tolerance of many of the species for the Black Hills. Importantly, climate change vulnerability scores differed substantially for Edwards aquifer species when RRAWFLOW model projections were included, resulting in increased vulnerability scores for 12 of the 16 species.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145089","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Department of Interior South-Central Climate Science Center","usgsCitation":"Stamm, J.F., Poteet, M.F., Symstad, A.J., Musgrove, MaryLynn, Long, A.J., Mahler, B.J., and Norton, P.A., 2015, Historical and projected climate (1901–2050) and hydrologic response of karst aquifers, and species vulnerability in south-central Texas and western South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014–5089, 59 p., plus supplements, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20145089.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 61 p.; 3 Supplements","numberOfPages":"74","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-046230","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312182,"rank":3,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5089/downloads/","text":"Supplement 1-3","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Supplement 1-3"},{"id":312140,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5089/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":312141,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5089/sir20145089.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.01 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2014-5089"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Barton Springs, Bexar County Index Well, Comal Springs, Rhoads Fork Spring, Spearfish Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.5,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -104.5,\n 44.5\n ],\n [\n -103,\n 44.5\n ],\n [\n -103,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -104.5,\n 43\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100,\n 29\n ],\n [\n -100,\n 31.5\n ],\n [\n -97,\n 31.5\n ],\n [\n -97,\n 29\n ],\n [\n -100,\n 29\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, South Dakota Water Science Center
1608 Mountain View Road
Rapid City, SD 57702
http://sd.water.usgs.gov/
There are 30 threatened or endangered species of waterfowl worldwide, and several sub-populations are also threatened. Some of these species occur in North America, and others there are also of conservation concern due to declining population trends and their importance to hunters. Here we review conservation initiatives being undertaken for several of these latter species, along with conservation measures in place in Europe, to seek common themes and approaches that could be useful in developing broad conservation guidelines. While focal species may vary in their life histories, population threats and geopolitical context, most conservation efforts have used a systematic approach to understand factors limiting populations and o identify possible management or policy actions. This approach generally includes a priori identification of plausible hypotheses about population declines or status, incorporation of hypotheses into conceptual or quantitative planning models, and the use of some form of structured decision making and adaptive management to develop and implement conservation actions in the face of many uncertainties. A climate of collaboration among jurisdictions sharing these birds is important to the success of a conservation or management programme. The structured conservation approach exemplified herein provides an opportunity to involve stakeholders at all planning stages, allows for all views to be examined and incorporated into model structures, and yields a format for improved communication, cooperation and learning, which may ultimately be one of the greatest benefits of this strategy.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust","usgsCitation":"Austin, J.E., Slattery, S., and Clark, R.G., 2014, Waterfowl populations of conservation concern: learning from diverse challenges, models, and conservation strategies: Wildfowl, v. 2014, no. Special Issue 4, p. 470-497.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"470","endPage":"497","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053628","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296742,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":296688,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildfowl.wwt.org.uk/index.php/wildfowl/article/view/2617"}],"volume":"2014","issue":"Special Issue 4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5492a937e4b00eda8915ad01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Austin, Jane E. jaustin@usgs.gov","contributorId":2839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"Jane","email":"jaustin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slattery, Stuart","contributorId":130965,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slattery","given":"Stuart","affiliations":[{"id":7182,"text":"Ducks Unlimited Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":536715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Robert G.","contributorId":33781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":536716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70160769,"text":"70160769 - 2014 - Efficacy of iodine for disinfection of Lake Sturgeon eggs from the St. Lawrence River, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-30T14:36:17","indexId":"70160769","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-16T15:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2885,"text":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Efficacy of iodine for disinfection of Lake Sturgeon eggs from the St. Lawrence River, New York","docAbstract":"Optimal fish husbandry to reduce the risk of disease is particularly important when using wild fish as the source for gametes. The propagation and reestablishment of Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens in New York waters to become a viable self-sustaining population is considered a high priority by managers. While standard hatchery egg disinfection practices have been used to prevent the transmission of diseases, data on the bacterial loads present on egg surfaces following iodine disinfection is lacking. Our study investigated the bacteria present on the outer surface of Lake Sturgeon eggs and the effectiveness of an iodine disinfection treatment in eliminating bacteria that could pose a threat to egg survival and cause hatchery disease outbreaks. During the springs of 2011–2013, 12 to 41 different species of bacteria were recovered from the outer egg surfaces prior to an iodine treatment; Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Shewanella, and Chryseobacterium were the most common genera identified. Cohort eggs treated using the standard protocol of a single treatment of 50 mg/L iodine for 30 min resulted in an average of 57.8% reduction in bacterial CFU/g. While this is a significant reduction, bacteria were not completely eliminated and hatchery managers should be aware that pathogens could remain on Lake Sturgeon eggs following the standard iodine disinfection treatment.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.1080/15222055.2014.963768","usgsCitation":"Chalupnicki, M.A., Dittman, D.E., Starliper, C.E., and Iwanowicz, D.D., 2014, Efficacy of iodine for disinfection of Lake Sturgeon eggs from the St. Lawrence River, New York: North American Journal of Aquaculture, v. 77, no. 1, p. 82-89, https://doi.org/10.1080/15222055.2014.963768.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"82","endPage":"89","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057777","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313075,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"St. Lawrence River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.66583251953125,\n 44.990055522906864\n ],\n [\n -74.68505859374999,\n 45.02403855956774\n ],\n [\n -74.78118896484375,\n 45.02209721486682\n ],\n [\n -74.94873046875,\n 45.00753503123719\n ],\n [\n -75.04898071289062,\n 44.95799590837475\n ],\n [\n -75.14236450195312,\n 44.91522187614324\n ],\n [\n -75.25634765625,\n 44.86949623772188\n ],\n [\n -75.37582397460938,\n 44.80522439622254\n ],\n [\n -75.49530029296875,\n 44.735027899515465\n ],\n [\n -75.706787109375,\n 44.58655513209543\n ],\n [\n -75.89218139648438,\n 44.44652641501047\n ],\n [\n -75.94985961914062,\n 44.37000528941461\n ],\n [\n -76.09954833984375,\n 44.34938634389529\n ],\n [\n -76.18881225585938,\n 44.3258129498022\n ],\n [\n -76.53350830078125,\n 44.213709909702054\n ],\n [\n -76.365966796875,\n 44.10040688311735\n ],\n [\n -76.2066650390625,\n 44.187127873177666\n ],\n [\n -75.992431640625,\n 44.26683800273895\n ],\n [\n -75.73974609375,\n 44.44652641501047\n ],\n [\n -75.7562255859375,\n 44.47789073724073\n ],\n [\n -75.69854736328124,\n 44.53959000445632\n ],\n [\n -75.48019409179686,\n 44.69404054463804\n ],\n [\n -75.27969360351562,\n 44.817889670988784\n ],\n [\n -75.10665893554688,\n 44.88603949514269\n ],\n [\n -74.92813110351562,\n 44.94633342311665\n ],\n [\n -74.80728149414062,\n 44.9715991458543\n ],\n [\n -74.66583251953125,\n 44.990055522906864\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"77","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56850e8ae4b0a04ef49338d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chalupnicki, Marc A. mchalupnicki@usgs.gov","contributorId":3236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalupnicki","given":"Marc","email":"mchalupnicki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":583826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dittman, Dawn E. 0000-0002-0711-3732 ddittman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0711-3732","contributorId":2762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dittman","given":"Dawn","email":"ddittman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Starliper, Clifford E. cstarliper@usgs.gov","contributorId":1948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starliper","given":"Clifford","email":"cstarliper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Iwanowicz, Deborah D. 0000-0002-9613-8594 diwanowicz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9613-8594","contributorId":2253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Deborah","email":"diwanowicz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70118113,"text":"ds874 - 2014 - Groundwater-quality data in the Santa Cruz, San Gabriel, and Peninsular Ranges Hard Rock Aquifers study unit, 2011-2012: results from the California GAMA program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-16T13:29:54","indexId":"ds874","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-16T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"874","title":"Groundwater-quality data in the Santa Cruz, San Gabriel, and Peninsular Ranges Hard Rock Aquifers study unit, 2011-2012: results from the California GAMA program","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality in the 2,400-square-mile Santa Cruz, San Gabriel, and Peninsular Ranges Hard Rock Aquifers (Hard Rock) study unit was investigated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from March 2011 through March 2012, as part of the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program’s Priority Basin Project (PBP). The GAMA-PBP was developed in response to the California Groundwater Quality Monitoring Act of 2001 and is being conducted in collaboration with the SWRCB and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The Hard Rock study unit was the 35th study unit to be sampled as part of the GAMA-PBP.
\n\n
The GAMA Hard Rock study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of untreated-groundwater quality in the primary aquifer system and to facilitate statistically consistent comparisons of untreated-groundwater quality throughout California. The primary aquifer system is defined as those parts of the aquifers corresponding to the perforation intervals of wells listed in the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) water-quality-monitoring database for the Hard Rock study unit. Groundwater quality in the primary aquifer system may differ from the quality in the shallower or deeper water-bearing zones; shallow groundwater may be more vulnerable to surficial contamination.
\n\n
In the Hard Rock study unit, groundwater samples were collected from 112 wells and springs in 3 study areas (the Santa Cruz, the San Gabriel, and the Peninsular Ranges) in San Mateo, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, San Benito, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and San Diego Counties. Eighty-three wells and 11 springs were selected by using a spatially distributed, randomized grid-based method to provide statistical representation of the study unit (grid wells), and 15 wells and 3 springs were selected to aid in evaluation of water-quality issues (understanding wells).
\n\n
The groundwater samples were analyzed for field water-quality indicators; organic constituents; one constituent of special interest (perchlorate); naturally occurring inorganic constituents; and radioactive constituents. Naturally occurring isotopes and dissolved noble gases were also measured to help identify the sources and ages of the sampled groundwater. In total, 209 constituents and water-quality indicators were measured.
\n\n
Three types of quality-control samples (blanks, replicates, and matrix spikes) were collected at approximately 10 percent of the wells in the Hard Rock study unit, and the results for these samples were used to evaluate the quality of the data for the groundwater samples. Blanks rarely contained detectable concentrations of any constituent, suggesting that contamination from sample collection procedures was not a significant source of bias in the data for the groundwater samples. Replicate samples generally were within the limits of acceptable analytical reproducibility. Median matrix-spike recoveries were within the acceptable range (70 to 130 percent) for approximately 92 percent of the compounds.
\n\n
This study did not attempt to evaluate the quality of water delivered to consumers; after withdrawal from the ground, untreated groundwater typically is treated, disinfected, and (or) blended with other waters to maintain water quality. Regulatory benchmarks apply to water that is served to the consumer, not to untreated groundwater. However, to provide some context for the results, concentrations of constituents measured in the untreated groundwater were compared with regulatory and nonregulatory health-based benchmarks established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and CDPH, and to nonregulatory benchmarks established for aesthetic concerns by the CDPH. Comparisons between data collected for this study and benchmarks for drinking water are for illustrative purposes only and are not indicative of compliance or non-compliance with those benchmarks.
\n\n
All organic constituents and most inorganic constituents that were detected in groundwater samples from the 112 wells in the Hard Rock study unit were detected at concentrations less than drinking-water benchmarks.
\n\n
Of the 149 organic and special-interest constituents, 34 were detected in groundwater samples; concentrations of all detected constituents were less than regulatory and nonregulatory health-based benchmarks. In total, VOCs were detected in 44 percent of the 94 grid wells sampled, pesticides and pesticide degradates were detected in 18 percent, and perchlorate was detected in 48 percent.
\n\n
Trace elements, nutrients, major and minor ions, and radioactive constituents were sampled for at 94 grid wells; most detected concentrations were less than health-based benchmarks. Exceptions in the Hard Rock study unit grid wells include 3 detections of arsenic greater than the USEPA maximum contaminant level (MCL-US) of 10 micrograms per liter (μg/L), 3 detections of boron greater than the CDPH notification level (NL-CA) of 1,000 μg/L, 2 detections of molybdenum greater than the USEPA lifetime health advisory level (HAL-US) of 40 μg/L, 2 detections of nitrite plus nitrate (as nitrogen) greater than the MCL-US of 10 milligrams per liter (mg/L), 3 detections of fluoride greater than the CDPH maximum contaminant level (MCL-CA) of 2 mg/L, 5 detections of radon-222 greater than the proposed MCL-US of 4,000 picocuries per liter (pCi/L), and 11 detections of unadjusted gross alpha radioactivity greater than the MCL-US of 15 pCi/L. Seven of the 11 samples having unadjusted gross alpha activity greater than the MCL-US also had total uranium concentrations greater than the MCL-US of 30 μg/L and (or) uranium activities greater than the MCL-CA of 20 pCi/L.
\n\n
Results for constituents with nonregulatory benchmarks set for aesthetic concerns showed that iron concentrations greater than the CDPH secondary maximum contaminant level (SMCL-CA) of 300 μg/L were detected in samples from 19 grid wells. Manganese concentrations greater than the SMCL-CA of 50 μg/L were detected in 27 grid wells. Chloride was detected at a concentration greater than the SMCL-CA upper benchmark of 500 mg/L in one grid well. TDS concentrations in three grid wells were greater than the SMCL-CA upper benchmark of 1,000 mg/L.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds874","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board. A product of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program.","usgsCitation":"Davis, T.A., and Shelton, J.L., 2014, Groundwater-quality data in the Santa Cruz, San Gabriel, and Peninsular Ranges Hard Rock Aquifers study unit, 2011-2012: results from the California GAMA program: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 874, ix, 142 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds874.","productDescription":"ix, 142 p.","numberOfPages":"156","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-043444","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296722,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds874.jpg"},{"id":296720,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0874/"},{"id":296721,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0874/pdf/ds874.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 41.983994270935625\n ],\n [\n -119.81689453125,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -119.92675781249999,\n 38.993572058209466\n ],\n [\n -113.75244140624999,\n 34.415973384481866\n ],\n [\n -114.5654296875,\n 32.62087018318113\n ],\n [\n -118.0810546875,\n 32.52828936482526\n ],\n [\n -121.728515625,\n 35.191766965947394\n ],\n [\n -124.73876953125,\n 40.463666324587685\n ],\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 41.983994270935625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"549157a7e4b0d0759afaad74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Tracy A. 0000-0003-0253-6661 tadavis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0253-6661","contributorId":2715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Tracy","email":"tadavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shelton, Jennifer L. 0000-0001-8508-0270 jshelton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8508-0270","contributorId":1155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelton","given":"Jennifer","email":"jshelton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70135642,"text":"sir20145213 - 2014 - Steady-state numerical groundwater flow model of the Great Basin carbonate and alluvial aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-15T20:21:17.888329","indexId":"sir20145213","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-15T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5213","title":"Steady-state numerical groundwater flow model of the Great Basin carbonate and alluvial aquifer system","docAbstract":"This report describes the construction, calibration, evaluation, and results of a steady-state numerical groundwater flow model of the Great Basin carbonate and alluvial aquifer system that was developed as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Census Initiative to evaluate the nation’s groundwater availability. The study area spans 110,000 square miles across five states. The numerical model uses MODFLOW-2005, and incorporates and tests complex hydrogeologic and hydrologic elements of a conceptual understanding of an interconnected groundwater system throughout the region, including mountains, basins, consolidated rocks, and basin fill. The level of discretization in this model has not been previously available throughout the study area.
\nObservations used to calibrate the model are those of water levels and discharge to evapotranspiration, springs, rivers, and lakes. Composite scaled sensitivities indicate the simulated values of discharge to springs, rivers, and lakes provide as much information about model parameters as do simulated water-level values. The model has 176 parameters and little parameter correlation. The simulated equivalents to observations provide enough information to constrain most parameters to smaller ranges than the conceptual constraints, and most parameter values are within reasonable ranges.
\nModel fit to observations, comparison of simulated to conceptual water-level contours, and comparison of simulated to conceptual water budgets indicate this model provides a reasonable representation of the regional groundwater system. Eighty-six percent of the simulated values of water levels in wells are within 119 feet (one standard deviation of the error) of the observed values. Ninety percent of the simulated discharges are within 30 percent of the observed values. Total simulated recharge in the study area is within 10 percent of the conceptual amount; total simulated discharge is the same as conceptual discharge. Comparison of simulated hydraulic heads with the conceptual potentiometric surface indicates that the model accurately depicts major features of the hydraulic-head distribution. The incorporation of new recharge estimates and of mountain springs and streams as model observations creates higher simulated recharge mounds under many mountain ranges and highlights that in many cases, the regional flow paths go around, not through (or under) mountain ranges. Results from the model show that much of the flow in the groundwater system occurs in deeper layers, even though about 86 percent of the discharge occurs in layer 1. Over 95 percent of the recharge moves down from layer 1, and about 25 percent moves down to layer 8.
\nThe model was used to delineate six simulated groundwater flow regions that connect recharge areas to discharge areas. The eastern Great Salt Lake and Great Salt Lake Desert model regions contain 75 percent of the groundwater budget, but only 42 percent of the study area. In contrast, the more southern Death Valley and Colorado model regions contain only 12 percent of the groundwater budget, but 37 percent of the study area.
\nExamples of potential use of the model to investigate the groundwater system include (1) the effects of different recharge, (2) different interpretations of the extent or offset of long faults or fault zones, and (3) different conceptual models of the spatial variation of hydraulic properties. The model can also be used to examine the ultimate effects of groundwater withdrawals on a regional scale, to provide boundary conditions for local-scale models, and to guide data collection.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145213","usgsCitation":"Brooks, L.E., Masbruch, M.D., Sweetkind, D.S., and Buto, S.G., 2014, Steady-state numerical groundwater flow model of the Great Basin carbonate and alluvial aquifer system: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5213, Report: x, 124 p.; 2 Plates: 16.5 x 22.0 inches; Appendix Tables; Model Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145213.","productDescription":"Report: x, 124 p.; 2 Plates: 16.5 x 22.0 inches; Appendix Tables; Model Files","numberOfPages":"138","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-037343","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296686,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145213.jpg"},{"id":296683,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5213/downloads/sir2014-5213_plates1and2.zip","text":"Plates 1 and 2","size":"11.6 MB","description":"Plates 1 and 2"},{"id":296681,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5213/"},{"id":296685,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5213/downloads/sir2014-5213_modelfiles.zip","text":"Model Files","size":"143.3 MB","description":"Model Files"},{"id":296684,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5213/downloads/sir2014-5213_appendixexceltables.zip","text":"Appendix Tables","size":"535 kB","description":"Appendix Tables"},{"id":296682,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5213/pdf/sir2014-5213.pdf","size":"32.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic Projection","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.5205078125,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -118.5205078125,\n 42.52069952914966\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 42.52069952914966\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -118.5205078125,\n 35.460669951495305\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"Groundwater Resources Program","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54900630e4b020a14785d24a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, Lynette E. 0000-0002-9074-0939 lebrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9074-0939","contributorId":2718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Lynette","email":"lebrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Masbruch, Melissa D. 0000-0001-6568-160X mmasbruch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6568-160X","contributorId":1902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masbruch","given":"Melissa","email":"mmasbruch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sweetkind, Donald S. dsweetkind@usgs.gov","contributorId":127801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"Donald","email":"dsweetkind@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":536697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buto, Susan G. 0000-0002-1107-9549 sbuto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1107-9549","contributorId":1057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buto","given":"Susan","email":"sbuto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70160771,"text":"70160771 - 2014 - Acoustic telemetry reveals large-scale migration patterns of walleye in Lake Huron","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-30T13:40:16","indexId":"70160771","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-15T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acoustic telemetry reveals large-scale migration patterns of walleye in Lake Huron","docAbstract":"Fish migration in large freshwater lacustrine systems such as the Laurentian Great Lakes is not well understood. The walleye (Sander vitreus) is an economically and ecologically important native fish species throughout the Great Lakes. In Lake Huron walleye has recently undergone a population expansion as a result of recovery of the primary stock, stemming from changing food web dynamics. During 2011 and 2012, we used acoustic telemetry to document the timing and spatial scale of walleye migration in Lake Huron and Saginaw Bay. Spawning walleye (n = 199) collected from a tributary of Saginaw Bay were implanted with acoustic tags and their migrations were documented using acoustic receivers (n = 140) deployed throughout U.S. nearshore waters of Lake Huron. Three migration pathways were described using multistate mark-recapture models. Models were evaluated using the Akaike Information Criterion. Fish sex did not influence migratory behavior but did affect migration rate and walleye were detected on all acoustic receiver lines. Most (95%) tagged fish migrated downstream from the riverine tagging and release location to Saginaw Bay, and 37% of these fish emigrated from Saginaw Bay into Lake Huron. Remarkably, 8% of walleye that emigrated from Saginaw Bay were detected at the acoustic receiver line located farthest from the release location more than 350 km away. Most (64%) walleye returned to the Saginaw River in 2012, presumably for spawning. Our findings reveal that fish from this stock use virtually the entirety of U.S. nearshore waters of Lake Huron.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS","publisherLocation":"San Francisco","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0114833","usgsCitation":"Hayden, T.A., Holbrook, C., Fielder, D.G., Vandergoot, C.S., Bergstedt, R.A., Dettmers, J.M., Krueger, C., and Cooke, S., 2014, Acoustic telemetry reveals large-scale migration patterns of walleye in Lake Huron: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 12, p. 1-19, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114833.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060215","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114833","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":313064,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Michigan, Ontario","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.1715087890625,\n 42.871938424448466\n ],\n [\n -85.1715087890625,\n 45.80965764997408\n ],\n [\n -82.19970703125,\n 45.80965764997408\n ],\n [\n -82.19970703125,\n 42.871938424448466\n ],\n [\n -85.1715087890625,\n 42.871938424448466\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56850e4de4b0a04ef49337be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayden, Todd A. 0000-0002-0451-0425 thayden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0451-0425","contributorId":5987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayden","given":"Todd","email":"thayden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holbrook, Christopher M. 0000-0001-8203-6856 cholbrook@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8203-6856","contributorId":139681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holbrook","given":"Christopher","email":"cholbrook@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fielder, David G.","contributorId":127528,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fielder","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6983,"text":"Michigan DNR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vandergoot, Christopher S.","contributorId":71849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vandergoot","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bergstedt, Roger A. rbergstedt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstedt","given":"Roger","email":"rbergstedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dettmers, John M.","contributorId":27395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettmers","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Krueger, Charles C.","contributorId":73131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krueger","given":"Charles C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cooke, Steven J.","contributorId":56132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooke","given":"Steven J.","affiliations":[{"id":36574,"text":"Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70135252,"text":"70135252 - 2014 - A multiscale, hierarchical model of pulse dynamics in arid-land ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-18T09:10:50","indexId":"70135252","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-15T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":808,"text":"Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multiscale, hierarchical model of pulse dynamics in arid-land ecosystems","docAbstract":"Ecological processes in arid lands are often described by the pulse-reserve paradigm, in which rain events drive biological activity until moisture is depleted, leaving a reserve. This paradigm is frequently applied to processes stimulated by one or a few precipitation events within a growing season. Here we expand the original framework in time and space and include other pulses that interact with rainfall. This new hierarchical pulse-dynamics framework integrates space and time through pulse-driven exchanges, interactions, transitions, and transfers that occur across individual to multiple pulses extending from micro to watershed scales. Climate change will likely alter the size, frequency, and intensity of precipitation pulses in the future, and arid-land ecosystems are known to be highly sensitive to climate variability. Thus, a more comprehensive understanding of arid-land pulse dynamics is needed to determine how these ecosystems will respond to, and be shaped by, increased climate variability.
","language":"English","publisher":"Annual Reviews","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-120213-091650","usgsCitation":"Collins, S., Belnap, J., Grimm, N.B., Rudgers, J., Dahm, C., D’Odorico, P., Litvak, M., Natvig, D.O., Peters, D.C., Pockman, W., Sinsabaugh, R.L., and Wolf, B.O., 2014, A multiscale, hierarchical model of pulse dynamics in arid-land ecosystems: Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, v. 45, p. 397-419, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-120213-091650.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"397","endPage":"419","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056887","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296676,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54900627e4b020a14785d244","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, Scott L.","contributorId":71307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collins","given":"Scott L.","affiliations":[{"id":7000,"text":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grimm, N. B.","contributorId":54164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grimm","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6607,"text":"Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rudgers, J. A.","contributorId":127832,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rudgers","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[{"id":7164,"text":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dahm, Clifford N.","contributorId":22730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dahm","given":"Clifford N.","affiliations":[{"id":7000,"text":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"D’Odorico, P.","contributorId":56528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Odorico","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Litvak, M.","contributorId":127830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Litvak","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7164,"text":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Natvig, D. O.","contributorId":127831,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Natvig","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":7164,"text":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Peters, Douglas C.","contributorId":106797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Pockman, W. T.","contributorId":57260,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pockman","given":"W. T.","affiliations":[{"id":7164,"text":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Sinsabaugh, R. L.","contributorId":30784,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sinsabaugh","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7164,"text":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Wolf, B. O.","contributorId":87897,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolf","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":7164,"text":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70135422,"text":"70135422 - 2014 - Nitrogen speciation and trends, and prediction of denitrification extent, in shallow US groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-15T10:46:55","indexId":"70135422","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-15T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen speciation and trends, and prediction of denitrification extent, in shallow US groundwater","docAbstract":"Uncertainties surrounding nitrogen cycling complicate assessments of the environmental effects of nitrogen use and our understanding of the global carbon–nitrogen cycle. In this paper, we synthesize data from 877 ambient-monitoring wells across the US to frame broad patterns of nitrogen speciation and trends. At these sites, groundwater frequently contains substantial co-occurring NO3− and XSN2 (N2 from denitrification), reflecting active/ongoing denitrification and/or a mixture of undenitrified and denitrified groundwater. NO3− and NH4+ essentially do not co-occur, indicating that the dominant source of NH4+ at these sites likely is not dissimilatory reduction of NO3− to NH4+. Positive correlations of NH4+ with apparent age, CH4, dissolved organic carbon, and indicators of reduced conditions are consistent with NH4+ mobilization from degradation of aquifer organic matter and contraindicate an anthropogenic source of NH4+ for most sites. Glacial aquifers and eastern sand and gravel aquifers generally have lower proportions of NO3− and greater proportions of XSN2 than do fractured rock and karst aquifers and western sand and gravel aquifers. NO3− dominates in the youngest groundwater, but XSN2 increases as residence time increases. Temporal patterns of nitrogen speciation and concentration reflect (1) changing NO3− loads over time, (2) groundwater residence-time controls on NH4+ mobilization from solid phases, and (3) groundwater residence-time controls on denitrification. A simple classification tree using readily available variables (a national coverage of soil water depth, generalized geology) or variables reasonably estimated in many aquifers (residence time) identifies categorical denitrification extent (<10%, 10–50%, and >50%) with 79% accuracy in an independent testing set, demonstrating a predictive application based on the interconnected effects of redox, geology, and residence time.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.11.048","usgsCitation":"Hinkle, S.R., and Tesoriero, A., 2014, Nitrogen speciation and trends, and prediction of denitrification extent, in shallow US groundwater: Journal of Hydrology, v. 509, p. 343-353, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.11.048.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"343","endPage":"353","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-028945","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296675,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"509","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5490062de4b020a14785d246","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinkle, Stephen R. srhinkle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkle","given":"Stephen","email":"srhinkle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":527120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tesoriero, Anthony J.","contributorId":40207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tesoriero","given":"Anthony J.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70142975,"text":"70142975 - 2014 - Fish community dynamics following dam removal in a fragmented agricultural stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-17T11:55:46","indexId":"70142975","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-14T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":873,"text":"Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish community dynamics following dam removal in a fragmented agricultural stream","docAbstract":"Habitat fragmentation impedes dispersal of aquatic fauna, and barrier removal is increasingly used to increase stream network connectivity and facilitate fish dispersal. Improved understanding of fish community response to barrier removal is needed, especially in fragmented agricultural streams where numerous antiquated dams are likely destined for removal. We examined post-removal responses in two distinct fish communities formerly separated by a small aging mill dam. The dam was removed midway through the 6 year study, enabling passage for downstream fishes affiliated with a connected reservoir into previously inaccessible habitat, thus creating the potential for taxonomic homogenization between upstream and downstream communities. Both communities changed substantially post-removal. Two previously excluded species (white sucker, yellow perch) established substantial populations upstream of the former dam, contributing to a doubling of total fish biomass. Meanwhile, numerical density of pre-existing upstream fishes declined. Downstream, largemouth bass density was inversely correlated with prey fish density throughout the study, while post-removal declines in bluegill density coincided with cooler water temperature and increased suspended and benthic fine sediment. Upstream and downstream fish communities became more similar post-removal, represented by a shift in Bray-Curtis index from 14 to 41 % similarity. Our findings emphasize that barrier removal in highly fragmented stream networks can facilitate the unintended and possibly undesirable spread of species into headwater streams, including dispersal of species from remaining reservoirs. We suggest that knowledge of dispersal patterns for key piscivore and competitor species in both the target system and neighboring systems may help predict community outcomes following barrier removal.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1007/s00027-014-0391-2","usgsCitation":"Kornis, M., Weidel, B., Powers, S., Diebel, M.W., Cline, T., Fox, J., and Kitchell, J.F., 2014, Fish community dynamics following dam removal in a fragmented agricultural stream: Aquatic Sciences, v. 77, no. 3, p. 465-480, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-014-0391-2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"465","endPage":"480","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050788","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298555,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5507febde4b02e76d757c144","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kornis, Matthew","contributorId":139655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kornis","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[{"id":12865,"text":"Smithsonian Institute","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weidel, Brian 0000-0001-6095-2773 bweidel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6095-2773","contributorId":2485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidel","given":"Brian","email":"bweidel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powers, Stephens","contributorId":73077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"Stephens","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Diebel, Matthew W. 0000-0002-5164-598X mdiebel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5164-598X","contributorId":33762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diebel","given":"Matthew","email":"mdiebel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cline, Timpthy","contributorId":139656,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cline","given":"Timpthy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fox, Justin","contributorId":139657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fox","given":"Justin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12866,"text":"University of Wisconsin Center for Limnology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kitchell, James F.","contributorId":18324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchell","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70135346,"text":"sim3309 - 2014 - Bedrock geologic and structural map through the western Candor Colles region of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-20T18:07:11.900565","indexId":"sim3309","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-12T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3309","title":"Bedrock geologic and structural map through the western Candor Colles region of Mars","docAbstract":"The Candor Colles are a population of low, conical hills along the southeast flank of Ceti Mensa, in west Candor Chasma, within the Valles Marineris system of Mars (fig. 1). Ceti Mensa and the adjacent Candor Mensa are mounds of layered sedimentary deposits and are the most prominent landforms within west Candor Chasma. Prior to the arrival of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) in orbit around Mars in 2006 (Zurek and Smrekar, 2007), geologic maps of the area utilized the relatively low resolution Viking Orbiter photomosaics (20–150 m/pixel). Geologic maps covering west Candor Chasma were created at scales of 1:15,000,000 for the western equatorial region of Mars (Scott and Tanaka, 1986), 1:2,000,000 for the Valles Marineris region (Witbeck and others, 1991), and 1:500,000 for the far eastern part of west Candor Chasma (Mars Transverse Mercator quadrangle–05072; Lucchitta, 1999).
\n\n
Previous structural mapping in west Candor Chasma at scales of less than 1:24,000 (Okubo and others, 2008; Okubo, 2010) employed digital terrain models (DTMs), with 1-m post spacings, derived from stereo MRO High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) imagery (McEwen and others, 2010) and focused on examining the relative timing between deposition of the youngest unit of the layered deposits in this area (unit Avme of Witbeck and others, 1991) relative to regional faulting related to chasma formation. These previous mapping efforts on the southwest flank of Ceti Mensa demonstrated that unit Avme is not deformed by faults attributed to formation of the chasma. Studies of other layered deposits (primarily unit Hvl, but also including units Avme, Avsl, Avsd, and Avfs; Witbeck and others, 1991) exposed along the southeast flank of Ceti Mensa using a High-Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) digital terrain model (DTM) (50 m/pixel) refined the local stratigraphy and revealed evidence for syntectonic deposition of these deposits (Fueten and others, 2006, 2008; Jaumann and others, 2007; Birnie and others, 2012).
\n\n
Layered deposits such as those that constitute Ceti Mensa are widespread throughout the interior regions of Valles Marineris (Witbeck and others, 1991). These sedimentary deposits have been variously interpreted as eolian sediments (Nedell and others, 1987), hyaloclastic debris (Chapman and Tanaka, 2001; Komatsu and others, 2004), lacustrine or fluvial sediment (Dromart and others, 2007; Mangold and others, 2008; Metz and others, 2009), pyroclastic deposits (Hynek and others, 2003), evaporites (Mangold and others, 2008; Andrews-Hanna and others, 2010), or various combinations thereof.
\n\n
Recent analysis of data from the MRO Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) shows that these sediments consist primarily of hydrated sulfates (Murchie and others, 2009a,b). Further, hydrologic modeling indicates that spring-fed lakes likely occurred within the chasma (Andrews-Hanna and others, 2010). These recent findings point to a scenario in which the layered deposits accumulated as sequences of evaporites precipitating in hypersaline lakes, with contemporaneous trapping of eolian dust and sand, diagenesis, and iron-cycling, interspersed with periods of eolian and fluvial erosion (Murchie and others, 2009a). Water vapor released from these lakes may have also driven localized precipitation of snow and accumulation of layered deposits on the adjacent plateaus (Kite and others, 2011a,b). This scenario is in contrast to recent alternative interpretations that the layered deposits formed within the chasma through weathering of dust-rich ice deposits (Niles and Michalski, 2009; Michalski and Niles, 2012).
\n
The structure and geology of the layered deposits in the Candor Colles region corresponding to units Avfs, Avme, and Hvl of Witbeck and others (1991) are reevaluated in this 1:18,000-scale map. The objectives herein are to gather high-resolution structural measurements to (1) refine the previous unit boundaries in this area established by Witbeck and others (1991), (2) revise the local stratigraphy where necessary, (3) characterize bed forms to help constrain depositional processes, and (4) determine the styles and extent of deformation to better inform reconstructions of the local post-depositional geologic history.