A direct-injection liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to determine 34 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), including selected branched isomers, in centrifuge supernatant of matrix-modified (amended with approximately 50 percent methanol) water samples. The method has been validated in reagent water, surface water, groundwater, and wastewater effluent. Other water types (for example, drinking water, untreated wastewater, and landfill leachate) have been analyzed by the method but not systematically validated. Recovery of isotope-dilution standards, added to each sample, may be used to assess method performance in nonvalidated matrices on a sample-by-sample basis.
Using this method, PFAS concentrations were determined in the range of 2–2,000 nanograms per liter in water samples. This range can be extended by diluting concentrated samples. At circumneutral pH, most compounds are present in the environment in their ionized form, and data are reported as such (for example, perfluorooctanoic acid is referred to as “perfluorooctanoate” [PFOA], perfluorooctane sulfonic acid is referred to as “perfluorooctane sulfonate” [PFOS]).
Sample preparation procedures were designed without the use of filtration and with minimum sample handling steps to mitigate procedural losses of target compounds due to sorption to surfaces. Further, isotope-dilution quantification allowed for the correction of bias that may result from procedural losses, matrix-induced signal suppression or enhancement, and other factors.
Validation experiments to characterize bias and variability, method detection level, and holding time were done in four distinct water matrices—reagent water, surface water, treated wastewater effluent, and groundwater—at multiple concentration levels. Mean PFAS recoveries met data quality objectives of bias and variability studies in all four validation matrices except for two compounds with low and variable recovery in the reagent water matrix only. Isotope-dilution standards, treated as surrogate compounds, were analyzed in more than 1,500 customer-submitted environmental samples with aggregate recovery of 102.5±6.5 percent (mean±standard deviation). Maximum holding times for all target compounds in the four validation matrices were 28 days for refrigerated samples and 90 days for frozen samples.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/tm5B13","collaboration":"Strategic Laboratory Science Branch and National Water Quality Laboratory","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.L., Kanagy, L.K., Kanagy, C.J., and Anderson, C.A., 2025, Determination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water by direct injection of matrix-modified centrifuge supernatant and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with isotope dilution: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 5, chap. B13, 121 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm5B13.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 121 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-144091","costCenters":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":491919,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/05/b13/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":491984,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/05/b13/images"},{"id":491920,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/05/b13/tm5B13.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.35 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"T and M 5-B13"},{"id":491921,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9P3YPXG","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from validation experiments and custom sample analysis by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) Laboratory Code 9660, December 2020 to March 2022"},{"id":491985,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/05/b13/tm5B13.xml"},{"id":492165,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm5B13/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"T and M 5-B13"}],"contact":"Chief, National Water Quality Laboratory
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, Mail Stop 407
Denver, CO 80225-0585
Structure contours and other geologic information from numerous published geologic maps were digitized and compiled into a digital dataset showing the configuration of a single stratigraphic datum, the base of the Dakota Sandstone and its equivalents across the Colorado Plateau. The principal maps compiled in digital form are a series of 1:250,000-scale 1 degree (°) × 2° quadrangle maps published by the U.S. Geological Survey, augmented by other geologic maps published at various map scales. The compiled digital dataset contains geologic map polygons of the Dakota Sandstone and regional stratigraphic equivalents, the location of faults and fold axes, structure contour lines that define the altitude of the base of the unit and bedding orientation data computed from the structure contour lines. This report provides the scientific rationale for compilation of these data and describes the compilation methodology for each of the data elements. This report provides an extended description of the data compilation in a companion U.S. Geological Survey digital data release of spatial data and attributes associated with the contoured surface and associated geologic data layers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/dr1213","programNote":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program","usgsCitation":"Sweetkind, D.S., 2025, Methodology for compilation of previously published contour data showing the altitude of the base of Dakota Sandstone on the Colorado Plateau, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Data Report 1213, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133 dr1213.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 22 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-158512","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494152,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_118688.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":491771,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1213/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":491772,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1213/dr1213.pdf","text":"Report","size":"21.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DR 1213"},{"id":491983,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1213/dr1213.xml"},{"id":491982,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1213/images"},{"id":491773,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P961QY86","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Digital Data from Previously Published Contour Data Showing the Altitude of the Base of Dakota Sandstone on the Colorado Plateau, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -107,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -107,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 40\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, Mail Stop 980
Denver, CO 80225
Recent and ongoing collections of high-resolution elevation data in Louisiana are providing information that supports improved critical public safety modeling and enables the State to strengthen its efforts to fight the effects of land subsidence and sea-level rise. The availability of current and accurate three-dimensional (3D) elevation data supports numerous business activities, including flood risk management, infrastructure and construction management, coastal zone management, wildlife and habitat management, recreation, agriculture and precision farming, urban and regional planning, water supply and quality assessment, and natural resources conservation. Critical applications that meet the State’s management needs depend on light detection and ranging (lidar) data that provide a highly detailed 3D model of the Earth’s surface and aboveground features.
The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) is managed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in partnership with Federal, State, Tribal, U.S. territorial, and local agencies to acquire consistent lidar coverage at quality level 2 or better to meet the many needs of the Nation and Louisiana. The status of available and in-progress 3DEP baseline lidar data in Louisiana is shown in figure 1. 3DEP baseline lidar data include quality level 2 or better, 1-meter or better digital elevation models, and lidar point clouds, and must meet the Lidar Base Specification version 1.2 (https://www.usgs.gov/3dep/lidarspec) or newer requirements. The National Enhanced Elevation Assessment identified user requirements and conservatively estimated that availability of lidar data would result in at least $6.96 million in new benefits annually to the State. The top 10 Louisiana business uses for 3D elevation data, which are based on the estimated annual conservative benefits of 3DEP, are shown in table 2.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20253034","usgsCitation":"Cretini, C., 2025, The 3D Elevation Program—Supporting Louisiana's economy: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2025–3034, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20253034.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-160425","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":491723,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3034/images/"},{"id":491722,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3034/fs20253034.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"FS 2025-3034 XML"},{"id":491721,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML 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"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"Director, National Geospatial Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS 511
Reston, VA 20192
Email: 3DEP@usgs.gov
","tableOfContents":"Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean conventional resources of 7.8 billion barrels of oil and 91.9 trillion cubic feet of gas in the West Greenland-East Canada Province.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20253016","programNote":"National and Global Petroleum Assessment","usgsCitation":"Schenk, C.J., Mercier, T.J., Woodall, C.A., Le, P.A., Cicero, A.D., Drake, R.M., II, Ellis, G.S., Gardner, M.H., Gelman, S.E., Hearon, J.S., Johnson, B.G., Lagesse, J.H., Leathers-Miller, H.M., Marra, K.R., Timm, K.K., and Young, S.S., 2025, Assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources of the West Greenland-East Canada Province, 2023: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2025–3016, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20253016.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-145689","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":491674,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1VFG7YQ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"USGS National and Global Oil and Gas Assessment Project—West Greenland-East Canada Province—Assessment Unit Boundaries, Assessment Input Tables, and Fact Sheet Data Tables"},{"id":491672,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3016/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":491673,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3016/fs20253016.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.51 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2025-3016"},{"id":491907,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3016/images"},{"id":491908,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3016/fs20253016.xml"},{"id":491952,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20253016/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 2025-3016"}],"country":"Canada, Greenland","otherGeospatial":"Baffin Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.26840728364095,\n 78.44068304967033\n ],\n [\n -91.26840728364095,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -47.180790108029896,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -47.180790108029896,\n 78.44068304967033\n ],\n [\n -91.26840728364095,\n 78.44068304967033\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, is composed of three genetic clades (A, B, and C). Clade-A is the most common and distributed worldwide, B-clade has a narrow geographic distribution, and C-clade is rare. South Africa's Kruger National Park (KNP) has high diversity of B. anthracis, with strains from A and B clades described from its northernmost region, Pafuri. We employed whole genome sequencing to investigate the genomic diversity of B. anthracis strains isolated from animal carcasses (n = 34) during the 2012–2015 outbreaks. Whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (wgSNP) analysis assigned the 2012–2015 B. anthracis genomes to the A-clade branch, distributed across the branch's two minor sub-clades A.Br.005/006. Additionally, pan-genomic analysis distinguished the A- and B-clade genomes, identifying unique accessory genes. Notable genetic differences include the biosynthetic spore cell wall genes; long-chain fatty acid CoA ligases (FaD13), Bacillus collagen-like protein of anthracis (BclA) involved in the exosporium germination, as well as a truncated murein DD-endopeptidase (mepH) found in the pXO2 plasmid of the B-clade strains. The tryptophan synthase subunit alpha gene (trpA), which results in a pseudogene in B-clade genomes separates the A- and B-clade genomes. These differences in biosynthetic cell wall genes suggest variation in adaptability or cell growth of the B-clade strains in the environment, further influenced by the truncation of the trpA gene involved in spore germination. The A.Br.005/006-clade strains in KNP exhibit higher genetic diversity, which may enhance their resilience to environmental stressors. In contrast, the KNP B-clade (B.Br.001/002) strains show limited genetic variation, potentially reducing their adaptability. This pattern is evident through whole-genome SNP analysis and pan-genomics investigating the evolution of B. anthracis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ygeno.2025.111074","usgsCitation":"Mokgokong, S., Hassim, A., Mafuna, T., Turner, W.C., van Heerden, H., and Lekota, K., 2025, Comparative genomics of Bacillus anthracis A and B-clades reveals genetic variation in genes responsible for spore germination: Genomics, v. 117, no. 5, 111074, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2025.111074.","productDescription":"111074, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-167928","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493810,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2025.111074","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":493732,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"South Africa","otherGeospatial":"Kruger National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 30.817974497894625,\n -22.320344527329098\n ],\n [\n 30.817974497894625,\n -25.537771375552012\n ],\n [\n 31.975677329521886,\n -25.537771375552012\n ],\n [\n 31.975677329521886,\n -22.320344527329098\n ],\n [\n 30.817974497894625,\n -22.320344527329098\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"117","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mokgokong, Sankwetea P.","contributorId":359250,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mokgokong","given":"Sankwetea P.","affiliations":[{"id":85765,"text":"University of Pretoria Veterinary campus","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":945078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hassim, Ayesha","contributorId":342327,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hassim","given":"Ayesha","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48053,"text":"University of Pretoria","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":945079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mafuna, Tendo","contributorId":359251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mafuna","given":"Tendo","affiliations":[{"id":85766,"text":"University of Johannesburg","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":945080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Turner, Wendy Christine 0000-0002-0302-1646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0302-1646","contributorId":287053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"Christine","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"van Heerden, Henriette","contributorId":343077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Heerden","given":"Henriette","affiliations":[{"id":48053,"text":"University of Pretoria","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":945082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lekota, Kgaugelo E.","contributorId":343072,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lekota","given":"Kgaugelo E.","affiliations":[{"id":81973,"text":"North West University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":945083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70271518,"text":"70271518 - 2025 - Ecosystem-engineered infections: Beaver-modified wetlands are associated with conflicting drivers of amphibian pathogen prevalence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-18T14:58:17.255759","indexId":"70271518","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-09T09:50:50","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3908,"text":"Royal Society Open Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecosystem-engineered infections: Beaver-modified wetlands are associated with conflicting drivers of amphibian pathogen prevalence","docAbstract":"Beavers are ecosystem engineers and keystone species that protect freshwater resources and increase biodiversity. Beaver reintroductions are promoted for amphibian conservation, yet their impact on Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), a pathogen linked with amphibian population declines worldwide, remains unclear. We investigated the abiotic and biotic drivers of Bd prevalence in Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) and western toads (Anaxyrus boreas) in 20 beaver-modified and 23 non-beaver wetlands in Glacier National Park, USA. We found that beavers increased wetland hydroperiod, which was associated with higher Bd prevalence. However, beavers also reduced wetland canopy cover, which was associated with lower Bd prevalence. Our models also predicted higher Bd prevalence associated with higher adult density of both species of amphibians, although species’ densities were similar in beaver-modified and non-beaver wetlands. These results suggest that beavers have a cumulatively negligible net effect on Bd prevalence owing to their effects on both hydroperiod and canopy cover, which is encouraging for amphibian conservation. Our findings also suggest that decreasing canopy cover may be a potential management option to reduce Bd prevalence. In addition, these findings indicate that beaver-mimicking restoration projects may harm amphibian populations if they increase wetland hydroperiods without reducing canopy cover.
","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society Publishing","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241169","usgsCitation":"Fischer, L.M., Luis, A.D., Hossack, B., McMahon, T.A., and Lowe, W.H., 2025, Ecosystem-engineered infections: Beaver-modified wetlands are associated with conflicting drivers of amphibian pathogen prevalence: Royal Society Open Science, v. 12, no. 7, 241169, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.241169.","productDescription":"241169, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-159513","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":495745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.241169","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":495709,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.86469041743416,\n 48.99734783362541\n ],\n [\n -113.86469041743416,\n 48.319004094254154\n ],\n [\n -113.210203320298,\n 48.319004094254154\n ],\n [\n -113.210203320298,\n 48.99734783362541\n ],\n [\n -113.86469041743416,\n 48.99734783362541\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fischer, Leah M","contributorId":361570,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fischer","given":"Leah","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":36523,"text":"University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":948993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luis, Angela D","contributorId":361571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luis","given":"Angela","middleInitial":"D","affiliations":[{"id":36523,"text":"University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":948994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hossack, Blake 0000-0001-7456-9564 blake_hossack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-9564","contributorId":207343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"Blake","email":"blake_hossack@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":948995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McMahon, Taegan A.","contributorId":361572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McMahon","given":"Taegan","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":78677,"text":"University of Tampa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":948996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lowe, Winsor H","contributorId":361573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lowe","given":"Winsor","middleInitial":"H","affiliations":[{"id":36523,"text":"University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":948997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70273155,"text":"70273155 - 2025 - Principles of riverscape health","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-17T15:48:37.307594","indexId":"70273155","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-09T09:43:39","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9984,"text":"WIREsWATER (Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Primer)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Principles of riverscape health","docAbstract":"Riverscapes are the integration of terrestrial and aquatic systems from headwaters to estuaries that provide habitat and ecosystem benefits when in good health. However, current riverscape degradation is pervasive, impairing the function and resulting benefits of these systems. Healthy riverscapes are adaptive and some can ‘heal’ after disturbance with minimal to no human assistance. As riverscape health is threatened, a need exists to address current degradation and understand the potential for riverscape restoration—concisely communicating what comprises healthy riverscapes is essential to direct limited resources and increase efficacy of restoration and conservation efforts. Healthy riverscapes have (i) space to interact within their valley bottom; (ii) natural flow, sediment, and vegetation regimes appropriate to the biophysical setting and river type; and (iii) structural forcing to support diversity and that creates varied residence times for water, sediment, and vegetation. These three principles are grounded in interdisciplinary science and lessons from riverscape scientists and restoration practitioners across the world. Understanding the context, anthropogenic influences, boundary conditions, and legacy effects influencing riverscapes is essential for the appropriate application of these principles in pursuit of achieving riverscape health. Emphasizing a holistic, biogeomorphic view of riverscapes through these principles can guide policies, restoration actions, and monitoring frameworks that ensure that riverscapes remain capable of accommodating and adjusting to disturbances while continuing to support biodiversity and human benefits.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wat2.70028","usgsCitation":"Glassic, H.C., Al-Chokhachy, R., Wheaton, J., Macfarlane, W., Jordan, C., Murphy, B.M., Shahverdian, S., Bennett, S., Bouwes, N., Fryirs, K., Brierley, G., Ciotti, D., Bailey, P., Bartlet, K., Belletti, B., Bizzi, S., Brasington, J., Camp, R., Fairfax, E., Gilbert, J., Jimenez, J., Maestas, J.D., Mandish, T., McNamara, A., Miller, S.R., Marizot, B., Perle, M., Piegay, H., Reid, H., Reynolds, L.V., Saunders, W., Shallcross, A., Skidmore, P., Smith, R., Terrier, B., Wathen, G., and Weber, N., 2025, Principles of riverscape health: WIREsWATER (Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Primer), v. 12, no. 4, e70028, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.70028.","productDescription":"e70028, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-172679","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497739,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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However, variations in defining the breeding season—its duration and timing—across studies have created uncertainty about whether regional differences in deer breeding ecology stem from ecological factors or methodological inconsistencies. This study aims to clarify the peak breeding season timing and the movement patterns of males during this period, particularly in relation to hunting seasons. Understanding how age and the timing of hunting seasons impact movement and breeding behaviors is important for wildlife managers, as these factors can affect harvest success. This study took place in southwest Wisconsin, using GPS data collected from 188 collared male deer between 15 October and 1 December from 2017 to 2020. Based on generalized linear mixed models, 2-year-old males exhibited higher hourly movement rates than other ages, and the opening weekend of the firearm hunting season had no significant effect on movement rates. In contrast, the variance in daily movement rate differed significantly between yearlings and older ages, with males 3 years and older displaying the highest variance. This suggests that older males may alternate more frequently between high-movement mate searching and lower-movement mate tending, potentially enhancing reproductive success. Similarly, 2-year-old males had larger daily ranges than both older and younger ages. Changepoint analysis of daily movement rates determined that the peak breeding season occurred between 23 October and 12 November, with little variation among ages and alternative metrics. Our findings indicate that male movement rates and ranges can reflect deer reproductive efforts and vary by age, which has important implications for reproductive success and disease transmission risk.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.71589","usgsCitation":"Hunsaker, M., Gilbertson, M., Storm, D., and Turner, W.C., 2025, The breeding season and movement ecology of male white‐tailed deer in southwest Wisconsin: Ecology and Evolution, v. 15, no. 7, e71589, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71589.","productDescription":"e71589, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-165270","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71589","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":492997,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.8,\n 43.25\n ],\n [\n -90.8,\n 42.95\n ],\n [\n -89.6,\n 42.95\n ],\n [\n -89.6,\n 43.25\n ],\n [\n -90.8,\n 43.25\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunsaker, Matthew","contributorId":358692,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunsaker","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[{"id":83274,"text":"University of Wisconsin–Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":944110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilbertson, Marie L.J.","contributorId":358694,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilbertson","given":"Marie L.J.","affiliations":[{"id":83274,"text":"University of Wisconsin–Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":944111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Storm, Daniel J.","contributorId":358697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Storm","given":"Daniel J.","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":944112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Turner, Wendy Christine 0000-0002-0302-1646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0302-1646","contributorId":287053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"Christine","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":944113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70269532,"text":"70269532 - 2025 - 2022 McKinney rain-on-wildfire event, dissolved oxygen sags, and a fish kill on the Klamath River, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-25T14:15:52.74403","indexId":"70269532","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-09T09:08:16","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"2022 McKinney rain-on-wildfire event, dissolved oxygen sags, and a fish kill on the Klamath River, California","docAbstract":"The longitudinal propagation of water-quality and ecological impairments in rivers during and after wildfires remain poorly understood. In Northern California, the 2022 McKinney Fire burned 243 km2 of the Klamath National Forest, with 83% of the burned area classified as moderate to high severity. During the active wildfire, a high-intensity monsoonal rain event triggered sediment-laden flooding and runoff-initiated debris flows, causing extreme water-quality impairments and a 95 km fish kill zone along the main-stem Klamath River. This rain-on-wildfire event produced a flood wave that outpaced a sediment pulse, diminishing the dilution effect of the floodwaters. A network of high-frequency water-quality sensors recorded water-quality impairments that propagated 296 km downstream. Impairments at the nearest monitoring station, situated 71 km downstream from the fire perimeter, included dissolved oxygen sags to zero (anoxia) for 5.25 h, turbidity spikes exceeding 1000 FNU, a doubling of specific conductance from 175 to 415 µS/cm (at 25 °C), and pH anomalies of 0.5 units from 7.8 to 7.3. This novel rain-on-wildfire event triggered the first flush of fire-scar material during an active wildfire, resulting in water-quality impairments unprecedented in the historical monitoring data for the river spanning 2012 to 2022. This study provides new insights into the potential role of rain-on-wildfire events in generating extreme downstream water-quality and ecological impairments in a more fire-prone future.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-08179-9","usgsCitation":"Curtis, J., Johnson, G., Cahill, J., Genzoli, L., Dahm, C., Schenk, L.N., and Oberholzer, J., 2025, 2022 McKinney rain-on-wildfire event, dissolved oxygen sags, and a fish kill on the Klamath River, California: Scientific Reports, v. 15, 24668, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08179-9.","productDescription":"24668, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-161626","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08179-9","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":492907,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.18203511324225,\n 42.00661546335127\n ],\n [\n -122.63359944859491,\n 42.00661546335127\n ],\n [\n -122.63359944859491,\n 41.86910985623359\n ],\n [\n -122.18203511324225,\n 41.86910985623359\n ],\n [\n -122.18203511324225,\n 42.00661546335127\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curtis, Jennifer 0000-0001-7766-994X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7766-994X","contributorId":212727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"Jennifer","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":943996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Grant 0009-0003-9549-2713","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9549-2713","contributorId":358610,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Grant","affiliations":[{"id":80103,"text":"Karuk Tribe","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cahill, Josh 0009-0008-0811-3305","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0811-3305","contributorId":358613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cahill","given":"Josh","affiliations":[{"id":38097,"text":"Yurok Tribe","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Genzoli, Laurel 0000-0001-5660-7627","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5660-7627","contributorId":358616,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Genzoli","given":"Laurel","affiliations":[{"id":28239,"text":"Univ of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dahm, Clifford 0000-0003-0191-6830","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-6830","contributorId":358619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dahm","given":"Clifford","affiliations":[{"id":35754,"text":"Univ of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":944000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schenk, Liam N. 0000-0002-2491-0813 lschenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2491-0813","contributorId":4273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Liam","email":"lschenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":944001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Oberholzer, John 0009-0005-9164-0330","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9164-0330","contributorId":358622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oberholzer","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":80103,"text":"Karuk Tribe","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":944002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70268901,"text":"70268901 - 2025 - Spatial and temporal variability of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in major rivers of New Mexico, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-10T14:07:47.316168","indexId":"70268901","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-09T09:04:20","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3711,"text":"Water Environment Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal variability of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in major rivers of New Mexico, USA","docAbstract":"Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous in the environment, but sources that contribute to temporal and spatial variability in surface waters are not well defined. Many states are assessing PFAS in water resources, and insight from these statewide assessments can help guide future sampling efforts. A statewide assessment of 28 PFAS was conducted in New Mexico starting in 2020, and subsequent follow-up sampling has improved understanding of PFAS occurrence and sources throughout the state. PFAS were present in all major rivers of New Mexico (Rio Grande, Pecos River, San Juan River, Animas River, Canadian River, Gila River, Rio Chama, and Rio Puerco) with 13 of 28 analyzed PFAS (PFBA, PFPeA, PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFBs, PFPeS, PFHxS, PFOS, PFOSA, 6:2 FTS) detected from at least one sample for samples collected between 2020 and 2024. This study found high temporal and spatial variability—PFAS concentrations ranged from below the laboratory detection level to 156 ng/L, with concentrations generally increasing downstream on the major rivers. PFBS was the most frequently detected and highest concentration PFAS in this study, ranging from 1 to 93 ng/L, followed by PFBA and PFPeA, ranging from 0.9 to 32 ng/L. The average of the sum of PFAS detected increased by an order of magnitude from 4 to 46 ng/L in the Rio Grande as it flows through Albuquerque, the largest urban area in New Mexico. PFAS concentration increased by 58% after a stormflow pulse flushed over Albuquerque and contributed water to the Rio Grande. The contribution of wastewater to surface water resources varied diurnally as well as seasonally. Sampling multiple locations on major rivers across multiple seasons, taking into account known anthropogenic inputs, would enhance characterization of temporal and spatial variability of PFAS concentrations. Increased sampling frequency at sites with wastewater contribution and focused investigations in areas with higher than expected PFAS could increase understanding of potential sources and variability of source contributions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wer.70129","usgsCitation":"Beisner, K.R., 2025, Spatial and temporal variability of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in major rivers of New Mexico, USA: Water Environment Research, v. 97, no. 7, e70129, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70129.","productDescription":"e70129, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-158323","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70129","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":492010,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New 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Ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-11T14:02:12.03167","indexId":"70268975","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-09T08:56:53","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unintended indirect effects limit elk productivity from supplemental feeding in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem","docAbstract":"The widespread practice of supplemental feeding, a bottom-up forcing of resource availability, is intended to improve wildlife population health and survival. However, supplemental feeding could trigger indirect effects by altering predation rates and disease dynamics. We investigated the effects of feeding on three key elk (Cervus canadensis) population productivity metrics (calf:cow ratios, annual change in elk density, and harvestable surplus) across 13 regions in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) over 26 years. Incorporating previous population size, climate, predator, and harvest data in a Bayesian regression framework revealed new insights about elk productivity metrics in the GYE. Supplemental feeding was associated with increased calf:cow ratios (4.9%) but was not substantially related to changes in elk density and harvestable surplus, which are both management targets. Notably, the feeding effect on calf:cow ratios appeared to be offset by increased wolf (Canis lupus) and grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) predation. We hypothesize that increased elk productivity resulting from supplemental feeding is primarily transferred to predator and pathogen trophic levels in this system with limited observed effects on elk abundance and harvestable surplus. Anthropogenic food resources may have unintended indirect consequences on other trophic levels that potentially limit the direct impacts of feeding.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70320","usgsCitation":"Dugovich, B.S., Tomaszewski, E.M., Cole, E., Dewey, S., MacNulty, D., Scurlock, B., Stahler, D., and Cross, P., 2025, Unintended indirect effects limit elk productivity from supplemental feeding in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem: Ecosphere, v. 16, no. 7, e70320, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70320.","productDescription":"e70320, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-169240","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70320","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":492126,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111,\n 45.2\n ],\n [\n -111,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -108,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -108,\n 45.2\n ],\n [\n -111,\n 45.2\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dugovich, Brian Scott 0000-0001-6729-745X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6729-745X","contributorId":345361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugovich","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tomaszewski, Emily M. 0000-0002-3766-8990","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3766-8990","contributorId":302889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomaszewski","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cole, Eric K. 0000-0002-2229-5853","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2229-5853","contributorId":145755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cole","given":"Eric K.","affiliations":[{"id":16228,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Elk Refuge, PO Box 510, Jackson, WY 83001 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dewey, Sarah","contributorId":354100,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dewey","given":"Sarah","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"MacNulty, Daniel","contributorId":338766,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacNulty","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":942786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Scurlock, Brandon","contributorId":339118,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scurlock","given":"Brandon","affiliations":[{"id":36596,"text":"Wyoming Game and Fish Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stahler, Daniel","contributorId":348295,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stahler","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[{"id":79152,"text":"Yellowstone Center for Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cross, Paul C. 0000-0001-8045-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-5213","contributorId":204814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Paul C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70268814,"text":"ofr20251034 - 2025 - Preparation and analysis methods for fish tissue collected from Lake Koocanusa, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-03T14:19:50.914046","indexId":"ofr20251034","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-08T12:33:51","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2025-1034","displayTitle":"Preparation and Analysis Methods for Fish Tissue Collected from Lake Koocanusa, Montana","title":"Preparation and analysis methods for fish tissue collected from Lake Koocanusa, Montana","docAbstract":"Lake Koocanusa, a reservoir, receives mine wastes from metallurgical coal mines in the Elk River Valley of British Columbia, Canada. Selenium and other elements discharged by the mines into the waters of the United States can pose unknown risks to aquatic life. The U.S. Geological Survey Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center can collaborate with Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks and other State and Federal agencies to design studies and to collect fish tissues to help fill this knowledge gap. This report describes the processes, techniques, and methods used to collect and analyze fish tissue collected from Lake Koocanusa; and procedures used to review and manage data, including quality assurance and quality control procedures used by the U.S. Geological Survey Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center and supporting analytical laboratories. These fish tissue collections began in 2021.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20251034","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, T.S., Bussell, A.M., Moloney, M.A., Dunnigan, J.L., Selch, T.M., Brandt, J.E., Stricker, C.A., Stewart, A.R., Kocen, V.A., Cleveland, D., Blazer, V.S., Janssen, S.E., Ogorek, J.M., Dunn, M., McBride, T.L., Adams, K.B., Colman, B.P., Young, M., and Christensen, J., 2025, Preparation and analysis methods for fish tissue collected from Lake Koocanusa, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2025–1034, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20251034.","productDescription":"vii, 16 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-153220","costCenters":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":491708,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20251034/full"},{"id":491707,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2025/1034/images/"},{"id":491706,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2025/1034/ofr20251034.XML"},{"id":491705,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2025/1034/ofr20251034.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2025–1034"},{"id":491704,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2025/1034/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Lake Koocanusa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.29104936748958,\n 50.23265651730222\n ],\n [\n -117.29104936748958,\n 48.55695721902586\n ],\n [\n -114.96658880253837,\n 48.55695721902586\n ],\n [\n -114.96658880253837,\n 50.23265651730222\n ],\n [\n -117.29104936748958,\n 50.23265651730222\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3162 Bozeman Avenue
Helena, MT 59601
The purpose of this Wake Atoll Vessel Movement Biosecurity Program Efficacy document is to provide the United States Air Force (USAF) with an unbiased review of the current (2015; hereafter referred to as the 2015 Biosecurity Plan) biosecurity plan for the military base Wake Island Airfield (WIA) on Wake Atoll (hereafter Wake). Periodic reviews are an integral step for evaluating plan efficacy and updating plans with new information for improving plan effectiveness. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) acted as an external expert to provide the first unbiased assessment of the program and observe how it was being implemented. The USAF 2015 Wake Island Biosecurity Management Plan goes beyond sea vessel and container biosecurity; however, those aspects were not included in this evaluation.
We used several methods for a quality assurance evaluation of the 2015 sea vessel and shipping container biosecurity program specified in the Biosecurity Plan. Our evaluation included real-time observations in Hawai`i and at Wake. We surveyed cargo staging areas and empty shipping containers before supply shipment and the containers, barge, and marina at Wake after shipment. We used various detection tools and techniques (for example, visual encounter surveys, glue boards, chew cards, camera traps, and so on). We carried out an insect mortality experiment trial using one of the required shipping container biosecurity tools (dichlorvos impregnated pest strips). We also included a table-top review of documentation (largely the 2015 Biosecurity Plan) with respect to our observations to provide an assessment of how well the Biosecurity Plan protocols were carried out and how well they serve their intended purpose.
We observed biosecurity concerns in each focal area and stage of cargo handling (before and after barge movement) across all surveys of containers, flat racks, break bulk, warehouses, and dock areas. Using visual inspections, we recorded biosecurity concerns for every empty container we inspected before it was to be stuffed with cargo. Most containers had structural integrity issues (such as holes and damaged floorboards) and sanitation concerns, including live animals and plant matter or seeds. About one third of the containers had mold and a few had wet floorboards or standing water. We detected live animals on the break bulk, and flat racks were in poor condition. Next, we inspected cargo staging areas and noted extensive permeability of the building where cargo was staged for the 2018 resupply shipment and the building that had typically been used. We included the adjacent dock area used for staging break bulk, shipping containers and mooring the barge. We detected more than 5,000 individuals of 105 species. We also detected seeds in each location and scattered vegetation in the dock area, including growing in from the area outside separated by a chain link fence.
During surveys at Wake, we observed that 100 percent of the shipping containers, including all containers sent with required biosecurity tools, had live animals. The barge had only one unsecured snap trap for intercepting rodents aboard, we saw areas with fairly deep layers of dirt (or soil; we did not examine it to determine its properties), and there was plant matter with seed heads on the barge gangway that could easily be transported onto the barge. There was also only one snap trap station that was improperly placed on the dock. We also observed piled wood and vegetation nearby that could provide refuge to potential stowaway animals escaping.
Combined, surveys of the containers, staging areas, barges, and receiving area in Hawai`i and at Wake resulted in detection of more than 9,000 individuals of 131 animal species; nearly 4,000 individuals of 62 species were detected in surveys of containers once they had arrived at Wake. None of the species identified are known to be native to Wake. Our preliminary risk analysis of all species detected included eight species that we scored as high risk of potentially negative effects to biodiversity, infrastructure, or human health should they arrive at Wake and become established. Six of these species were only recorded using tools not clearly required by the Biosecurity Plan or being used to implement the plan.
We observed that the required biosecurity tools intended to intercept animals in the cargo staging area did not target the suite nor number of species present. Our analysis also indicated the required biosecurity tools intended to intercept animals in shipping containers were inadequate to handle the volume of organisms that were in the containers. The insect mortality trial experiment showed the pest strips were highly effective for only one of the three species tested, leaving uncertainty about how effective they are across the suite of potential species stowing away in cargo and containers.
Base Operating Support (BOS) did not carry out all Biosecurity Plan actions, but we also noted the document uses terminology such as “recommendation” as opposed to “requirement” which may lead contractors to consider those actions as optional. However, USAF provided evidence of BOS training and follow up; this included detailed identification of specific requirements for some of the biosecurity actions that we did not observe being carried out.
The 2015 Biosecurity Plan contains critical and useful components that seem to be well carried out. However, we also saw discrepancies, weaknesses, or both across methods and protocols currently used for Wake Atoll biosecurity. We observed shortcomings at each stage of our survey as well as in the plan as written, and we suggest general modifications to the Biosecurity Plan for consideration to potentially strengthen biosecurity overall.
Prevention is the most efficient and cost-effective biosecurity measure. Based on our findings, we see possible solutions to improve existing preventative biosecurity efforts and reduce potential incursion at Wake. These potential solutions include creating and implementing the following:
Management of invasive species enhances capability to protect human health and the environment as well as to advance mission accomplishment. Biosecurity plans are an integral component for addressing invasive species. Periodic evaluation of the efficacy of these plans is useful for identifying elements that are working well and for illuminating those that can be improved. Evaluations encourage consideration of new tools and adaptation of processes to achieve better outcomes and accommodate potential future threats more efficiently and more cost effectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20251026","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program","usgsCitation":"Hathaway, S.A., Molden, J.C., Peck, R., Rex, K.R., Brehme, C.S., Black, T., and Fisher, R.N., 2025, Wake Atoll vessel movement biosecurity program efficacy: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2025–1026, 130 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20251026","productDescription":"x, 130 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-155305","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":491323,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2025/1026/ofr20251026.pdf","text":"Report","size":"22.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2025-1026"},{"id":491324,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20251026/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2025-1026"},{"id":491326,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2025/1026/ofr20251026.XML"},{"id":491325,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2025/1026/images"},{"id":491322,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2025/1026/coverthb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Wake Atoll","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 166.58609930546095,\n 19.335566334904826\n ],\n [\n 166.58609930546095,\n 19.259871066135005\n ],\n [\n 166.6712110656557,\n 19.259871066135005\n ],\n [\n 166.6712110656557,\n 19.335566334904826\n ],\n [\n 166.58609930546095,\n 19.335566334904826\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
The spread of human commensal species is intricately tied to human movements and historical events. Through waves of human migrations, colonization, trade routes, commercial activities, and war, humans have redistributed species from their native ranges to widely scattered areas across the Pacific. Deciphering the invasion history of recent human-mediated introductions is challenging due to similar genetic signatures arising from these factors, which complicates the identification of specific pathways or sources. The extensive timeline of human events in the Pacific further compounds this challenge, potentially leading to numerous introductions from various regions over an extended period. The house gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus), a human commensal native to Southeast Asia, is now widespread in the Pacific region. While its current range is often attributed to activities during and following World War II (WWII), its invasion history necessitates a finer-scale dissection given the dynamic and extensive history of human-mediated introductions in the Pacific. We combine population genetics, phylogenetics, and approximate Bayesian computation to infer the invasion history of the house gecko from its native to its introduced range in the Pacific. Patterns of differentiation across native and introduced populations align with the extent of each region’s wartime involvement and the invasion history reconstruction supports the predicted chronology of introductions given a war-induced spread. This marks the first comprehensive genetic assessment of the house gecko’s invasion history in the Pacific and provides evidence in support of an initial spread across the Pacific consistent with WWII activities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/s10530-025-03614-4","usgsCitation":"Alvarez, V., Fisher, R., Hathaway, S.A., and Thomson, R., 2025, Widespread dispersal of a human commensal across the Pacific: Reconstructing the human-mediated invasion history of the house gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus): Biological Invasions, v. 27, 167, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-025-03614-4.","productDescription":"167, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-174308","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492543,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"south and southeast Asia and Oceania","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -179.9,\n 27.51937285866279\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n -23.083704277673377\n ],\n [\n -146.21488701017316,\n -23.083704277673377\n ],\n [\n -146.21488701017316,\n 27.51937285866279\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n 27.51937285866279\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 179.9,\n 47.24302209201326\n ],\n [\n 88.9023388438228,\n 47.24302209201326\n ],\n [\n 88.9023388438228,\n -35.04313037731824\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n -35.04313037731824\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n 47.24302209201326\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alvarez, Valentina","contributorId":329572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alvarez","given":"Valentina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78665,"text":"University of Hawai‘i at Manoa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":943478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hathaway, Stacie A. 0000-0002-4167-8059","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4167-8059","contributorId":206793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hathaway","given":"Stacie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":943479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thomson, Robert C.","contributorId":245973,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomson","given":"Robert C.","affiliations":[{"id":49393,"text":"School of Life Sciences, University of Hawaiʻi, 2500 Campus Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70269444,"text":"70269444 - 2025 - Revealing organofluorine contamination in effluents and surface waters with complementary analytical approaches: Fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (19F-NMR) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-23T14:42:23.710365","indexId":"70269444","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-08T09:33:30","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Revealing organofluorine contamination in effluents and surface waters with complementary analytical approaches: Fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (19F-NMR) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)","title":"Revealing organofluorine contamination in effluents and surface waters with complementary analytical approaches: Fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (19F-NMR) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)","docAbstract":"Fluorinated organic contaminants, including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and fluorinated pesticides and pharmaceuticals (FPPs), pose a persistent threat to environmental health. Widely used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods fail to capture large fractions of total organofluorine in environmental samples, confounding the assessment of fluorinated contamination. Fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (19F-NMR) is an inclusive method for total and class-based organofluorine analysis. Here, we apply 19F-NMR to 31 effluent, surface water, and foam samples collected at 13 potential organofluorine point sources or source regions and compare the results to targeted LC-MS/MS for 34 or 64 PFASs. LC-MS/MS detected a median of 11.4% of total organofluorine detected by 19F-NMR (range: nondetect to 8190 nM F 19F-NMR; nondetect to 8010 nM F LC-MS/MS). The highest 19F-NMR total organofluorine concentrations, detected in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)-associated foam and at a soy oil production facility, arose from resonances characteristic of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl chains. 19F-NMR resonances from aryl CF3 moieties were abundant in the WWTP-associated samples, consistent with prior reports of substantial contributions from pharmaceuticals to WWTP effluents. 19F-NMR enables the quantitative assessment of total organofluorine and qualitative insight into fluorinated structures, providing complementary analysis of organofluorine compounds missed by targeted mass spectrometry-based protocols.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c05079","usgsCitation":"Faber, K., Pomerantz, W., Gray, J., Hubbard, L.E., Kolpin, D., and Arnold, W., 2025, Revealing organofluorine contamination in effluents and surface waters with complementary analytical approaches: Fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (19F-NMR) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS): Environmental Science & Technology, v. 59, no. 28, p. 14695-14706, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c05079.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"14695","endPage":"14706","ipdsId":"IP-175830","costCenters":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492767,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faber, K.A.","contributorId":358440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faber","given":"K.A.","affiliations":[{"id":85624,"text":"University of MN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pomerantz, W.C.K","contributorId":358441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pomerantz","given":"W.C.K","affiliations":[{"id":85624,"text":"University of MN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gray, James L. 0000-0002-0807-5635","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0807-5635","contributorId":202726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"James L.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":943762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hubbard, Laura E. 0000-0003-3813-1500 lhubbard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3813-1500","contributorId":4221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"Laura","email":"lhubbard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":943763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":204154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana W.","affiliations":[{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":943764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Arnold, W.A.","contributorId":358442,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arnold","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[{"id":85624,"text":"University of MN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70268852,"text":"gip254 - 2025 - U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Climate Response Network, 2024","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-03T14:17:39.193886","indexId":"gip254","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-08T09:09:09","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"254","displayTitle":"U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Climate Response Network, 2024","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Climate Response Network, 2024","docAbstract":"As of October 2024, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) operated 588 sites across the United States and its territories as part of the Groundwater Climate Response Network (CRN). The CRN is comprised of wells selected to monitor the effects of climate variability, such as droughts, on groundwater levels nationwide. The CRN includes nearly 500 locations with real-time data and more than 100 sites with non-real-time data available to the public on the CRN web mapper and the USGS National Water Dashboard.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gip254","usgsCitation":"Fine, J.M., and Caldwell, R.R., 2025, U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Climate Response Network, 2024: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 254, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/gip254.","productDescription":"1 p.","ipdsId":"IP-175295","costCenters":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":491829,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/254/gip254.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"GIP 254"},{"id":491828,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/254/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"National Groundwater Networks Coordinator
Observing Systems Division
Water Mission Area
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Background
Proteins encoded by the canonical transient receptor potential (Trpc) gene family form transmembrane channels involved in diverse signal-transduction pathways. Trpc4 has been shown necessary for the induction of nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) in mice, a key component of which is thermogenic brown adipose tissue (BAT). In bats, Trpc4 exhibited diversifying selection within exons encoding regulatory binding sites of TRPC4.
Methods
To assess whether diversification of these regulatory sequences mirrors the diversification of mammalian thermoregulatory strategies, the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions (ω) was estimated for multiple tetrapod outgroups and eutherian orders. Four questions were addressed: (1) Did the ancestral eutherian Trpc4 diverge under positive selection from nonplacental mammals that lack BAT? (2) Did Trpc4 subsequently become more constrained in descendant eutherian clades? (3) In eutherian clades that subsequently lost BAT by inactivation of the thermogenin gene Ucp1, did Trpc4 become less constrained? (4) Does the evolutionary rate of Trpc4 differ between quantitatively more heterothermic mammal orders (bats and rodents) relative to quantitatively less heterothermic outgroups (carnivores, artiodactylids, and primates)?
Results
Coincident with the advent of BAT, Trpc4 evolutionary rate increased significantly in ancestral eutheria after their divergence from nonplacental mammals but a branch-site model did not support a rate class ω > 1 along that branch. In descendant eutherian mammals, Trpc4 became far more constrained, with an evolutionary rate less than half that of tetrapod clades lacking NST, a pattern was not seen in other Trp channel genes. Intensifying selection in descendent eutherian mammals was further supported with the RELAX program, which also indicated reduced constraint on Trpc4 in clades that have secondarily lost BAT. However, no consistent pattern was identified within mammalian orders with strong variation in heterothermy: evidence of increased evolutionary rate was again found in bats for Trpc4 as well as homologs it directly binds in heteromeric membrane channels (Trpc5 and Trpc1), yet all rodent Trpc genes had low evolutionary rates. Evolutionary rates of Trpc4 and Trpc1 in bats were consistent with relaxed constraint whereas bat Trpc5 experienced diversifying selection. Most variation among tetrapod TRPC4 sequences lies within an 85 amino-acid window that is functionally uncharacterized. Sequence alignments demonstrated that the TRPC4 β isoform, which lacks a portion of the C-terminal regulatory region, originated in basal eutherians but appears to be lost in many tip lineages. Collectively, the data indicate that the C-terminal region of TRPC4 has responded to selection on NST thermoregulation during the diversification of eutherian mammals. The drivers of increased diversification of Trpc4 and interacting genes in bats remain to be determined.
","language":"English","publisher":"PeerJ","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19697","usgsCitation":"Cornman, R.S., 2025, Molecular evolution of TRPC4 regulatory sequences supports a role in mammalian thermoregulatory adaptation: PeerJ, v. 13, e19697, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19697.","productDescription":"e19697, 25 p.","ipdsId":"IP-175755","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19697","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":491897,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cornman, Robert S. 0000-0001-9511-2192 rcornman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9511-2192","contributorId":5356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornman","given":"Robert","email":"rcornman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70271514,"text":"70271514 - 2025 - The structural and functional impacts of invasive Psidium cattleianum in forests on the Island of Hawai’i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-18T15:47:04.577037","indexId":"70271514","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-07T10:36:22","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The structural and functional impacts of invasive Psidium cattleianum in forests on the Island of Hawai’i","title":"The structural and functional impacts of invasive Psidium cattleianum in forests on the Island of Hawai’i","docAbstract":"During the past century, the proliferation of invasive species has contributed to loss of biodiversity and ecosystem degradation. In forests, invasive tree species can alter ecosystem function, but the underlying mechanisms of these changes are not fully understood. We use the ongoing invasion of P. cattleianum on the Island of Hawai’i to test the hypotheses that invasive structural changes drive changes to forest evapotranspiration (ET). The aim of our study is first to quantify the structural changes to native ‘ōhi‘a -dominated forest impacted by a gradient of P. cattleianum invasion. Our results suggest that invasive P. cattleianum causes significant changes to the vegetation density and structure of native forest on the Island of Hawai’i, including increased vegetation area index, decreased mean leaf height, and decreased structural heterogeneity. Second, we strove to understand the functional implications of structural changes through a biophysical modeling simulation, testing the sensitivity of ET to canopy structure under contrasting scenarios. Modeling the functional impact of structural change, we found that plots with P. cattleianum invasion importance value (IVinv) above 0.35 have a higher likelihood to increase ET compared to plots with P. cattleianum invasion less than 0.35 IVinv. Modeled increases in ET due to invasion ranged from 19 and 123% relative to native transects. The large variation in ET increases is caused by structural variation because the modeling scenarios did not include potential species differences in leaf physiology. Diagnostic scenario modeling shows the effect size of increased leaf area on modeled ET is constrained by the structural arrangement, that is vertical distribution, of the increased vegetation. Thus, invasion structure that increases vegetation density in taller, more sunlit forest strata will lead to a greater increase in ET compared to invasion structure that increases vegetation density in the shaded forest understory. Overall, we conclude the vertical distribution of vegetation is an important factor shaping the impact of invasive P. cattleianum on the forest water balance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10021-025-00974-9","usgsCitation":"Seely, T., Fortini, L., Liang, Y., and Battles, J.J., 2025, The structural and functional impacts of invasive Psidium cattleianum in forests on the Island of Hawai’i: Ecosystems, v. 28, 39, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-025-00974-9.","productDescription":"39, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-166688","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":495749,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-025-00974-9","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":495716,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Island of Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n 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Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":948990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liang, Yutong","contributorId":361565,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liang","given":"Yutong","affiliations":[{"id":27526,"text":"Georgia Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":948991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Battles, John J.","contributorId":102006,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Battles","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6609,"text":"UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":948992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70268855,"text":"70268855 - 2025 - Chlorophyll trends are negative for lakes but positive for estuarine–coastal waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-09T15:17:42.154606","indexId":"70268855","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-07T10:14:20","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2982,"text":"PNAS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chlorophyll trends are negative for lakes but positive for estuarine–coastal waters","docAbstract":"Nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) pollution is an environmental problem of global concern because overenrichment of water bodies increases phytoplankton biomass and ecosystem metabolism, depletes oxygen in bottom waters, and increases the frequency and intensity of harmful algal blooms. These responses to nutrient pollution have motivated policies to reduce anthropogenic nutrient inputs. However, these policies have not been universally implemented and their success at reducing phytoplankton biomass is confounded by other components of global change that regulate the conversion of nutrients into biomass. These regulating processes themselves are changing in the Anthropocene. Our study is an assessment of changing phytoplankton biomass over the period 2000–2019, using chlorophyll a trends measured in 191 lakes and 159 estuarine-coastal sites. Our results show that phytoplankton biomass has decreased in most lakes, increased in most coastal sites, and the largest trends have been predominantly negative for lakes and positive for coastal sites. These results provide evidence of opposing directions of phytoplankton biomass change between lakes and coastal sites in this recent period of unprecedented global change. Nutrient pollution is a knotty environmental problem, and our study indicates that it might be a particularly challenging problem for ecosystems situated in densely populated landscapes where freshwater and sea water meet. Success at overcoming this challenge will require deeper scientific understanding of changes in processes that regulate the conversion of nutrients into phytoplankton biomass, substantial investments of time and resources to reduce nutrient inputs, and a flexible strategy designed to anticipate and adapt to a changing world.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2502289122","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J.E., and Jassby, A., 2025, Chlorophyll trends are negative for lakes but positive for estuarine–coastal waters: PNAS, v. 122, no. 122, e2502289122, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2502289122.","productDescription":"e2502289122, 7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-173995","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492084,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2502289122","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":491901,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","issue":"122","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jassby, Alan","contributorId":357740,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jassby","given":"Alan","affiliations":[{"id":16975,"text":"University of California Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70268850,"text":"70268850 - 2025 - Soil moisture partitioning between under canopy and interspace environments in shrublands of the northern Chihuahuan Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-08T14:37:48.234822","indexId":"70268850","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-07T09:32:59","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil moisture partitioning between under canopy and interspace environments in shrublands of the northern Chihuahuan Desert","docAbstract":"Soil moisture is a key link between hydrologic and ecologic processes in desert shrublands. Understanding how soil moisture is spatially distributed in desert shrublands provides valuable insights into how shrubs use and impact limiting water resources, and how shrublands may respond to future meteorological and climate change. Our goals were to determine how soil moisture is partitioned between soil volumes under canopies and in the bare soil interspaces across multiple desert shrublands, and to evaluate the roles of physical soil properties, shrub-type characteristics, meteorology, and measurement resolution in influencing and observing variation in soil moisture partitioning. Utilizing two long-term soil moisture datasets (monthly resolution, 30 years, whole soil profile measurements; and 30 min resolution, 10 years, 10–30 cm measurements), we compared soil moisture partitioning across nine northern Chihuahuan Desert shrubland sites (three sites dominated by creosotebush [Larrea tridentata], three by honey mesquite [Prosopis glandulosa], and three by tarbush [Flourensia cernua]) in the Jornada Basin, southern New Mexico, USA. Over 30 years, monthly, whole profile data showed that soil moisture in mesquite shrublands was consistently higher in bare soil interspaces compared to under canopies, whereas soil moisture under and between shrubs was more similar in creosotebush and tarbush shrublands. Physical soil properties were linked as explanatory variables of long-term soil moisture partitioning (monthly whole profile dataset), whereas 30-minute data showed that shorter-term periods of higher precipitation promoted greater near surface soil moisture (10–30 cm) in bare soil interspaces that was not captured at monthly time steps. Thus, although the long-term average partitioning of soil moisture in these shrublands is strongly controlled by soil physical properties, soil moisture partitioning varies at shorter timescales (daily to weekly) in response to precipitation events. Moreover, shrub-type characteristics influenced soil moisture partitioning, with dense and tall mesquite shrubs having lower under canopy soil moisture than tarbush, and root architecture potentially influencing partitioning across creosotebush sites. These results illustrate diversity in soil moisture partitioning both between and within shrublands of the northern Chihuahuan Desert, and elucidate how physical soil properties, shrub-type characteristics, and meteorological variation interact to shape their soil moisture dynamics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10021-025-00987-4","usgsCitation":"Pinos, J., Hammond, K., Duniway, M.C., Anderson, J.P., Hanan, N.P., and Petrie, M., 2025, Soil moisture partitioning between under canopy and interspace environments in shrublands of the northern Chihuahuan Desert: Ecosystems, v. 28, 41, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-025-00987-4.","productDescription":"41, 21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-172365","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":491794,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"northern Chihuahuan Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107,\n 32.8\n ],\n [\n -107,\n 32.45\n ],\n [\n -106.5,\n 32.45\n ],\n [\n -106.5,\n 32.8\n ],\n [\n -107,\n 32.8\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pinos, Juan","contributorId":357729,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pinos","given":"Juan","affiliations":[{"id":85544,"text":"School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hammond, Keegan","contributorId":357730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hammond","given":"Keegan","affiliations":[{"id":85544,"text":"School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duniway, Michael C. 0000-0002-9643-2785 mduniway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9643-2785","contributorId":4212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duniway","given":"Michael","email":"mduniway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, John P.","contributorId":206326,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37311,"text":"Jornada Experimental Range Department, New Mexico State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hanan, Niall P.","contributorId":208283,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanan","given":"Niall","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37773,"text":"Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Petrie, Matthew D.","contributorId":206328,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petrie","given":"Matthew D.","affiliations":[{"id":37312,"text":"Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70269538,"text":"70269538 - 2025 - Comparison of Microcystin-LR degradation by UV222 and UV254","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-25T13:59:38.046029","indexId":"70269538","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-07T08:56:12","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5925,"text":"Environmental Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Comparison of Microcystin-LR degradation by UV222 and UV254","title":"Comparison of Microcystin-LR degradation by UV222 and UV254","docAbstract":"Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a toxin produced during some cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs), can harm ecosystems and require consideration in water treatment. Ultraviolet (UV)-C treatment has the potential to degrade cyanotoxins with less harmful byproducts than other treatments. This study compares MC-LR degradation in three different water types using UV-C light emitted from a krypton-chlorine excimer lamp (UV light at 222 nm, UV222) or a low-pressure (LP) Hg lamp (UV light at 254 nm, UV254). Quantitative analyses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), ultra-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (UPLC-PDA), and high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) demonstrated that UV222 had a degradation rate constant 2.4–4.2 times greater than UV254. This aligns with the MC-LR molar absorption (ε) and quantum yield (Φ) in deionized (DI) water. LC-HRMS revealed the photoisomer concentration increasing with UV dose. Trends of abundant photoisomers indicate further degradation. Together, these trends indicate UV222 is a more complete pathway toward protein phosphatase inhibition 2A (PP2A) inactive compounds than UV254. Electrical energy per order (EEO) for UV222 and UV254 was similar across all water matrices and analytical methods, demonstrating that UV222 has the potential to surpass the degradation and electrical efficiency of UV254 used in water disinfection.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c03660","usgsCitation":"Leciejewski, Z., Laughrey, Z.R., Stickney, A., Loftin, K.A., and Hull, N., 2025, Comparison of Microcystin-LR degradation by UV222 and UV254: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 59, no. 28, p. 14660-14671, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c03660.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"14660","endPage":"14671","ipdsId":"IP-173035","costCenters":[{"id":84311,"text":"Central Plains Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492904,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leciejewski, Zanna J.","contributorId":358625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leciejewski","given":"Zanna J.","affiliations":[{"id":36630,"text":"Ohio State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":944004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laughrey, Zachary R. 0000-0002-7630-2078 zlaughrey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7630-2078","contributorId":198516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laughrey","given":"Zachary","email":"zlaughrey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":944005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stickney, Amanda L.","contributorId":358628,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stickney","given":"Amanda L.","affiliations":[{"id":36630,"text":"Ohio State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":944006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loftin, Keith A. 0000-0001-5291-876X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5291-876X","contributorId":221964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Keith","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":944007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hull, Natalie M.","contributorId":358631,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hull","given":"Natalie M.","affiliations":[{"id":36630,"text":"Ohio State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":944008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70270914,"text":"70270914 - 2025 - Land application of drill waste: A scope analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-27T15:41:07.70669","indexId":"70270914","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-07T08:35:30","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":22191,"text":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land application of drill waste: A scope analysis","docAbstract":"Drilling fluid waste land application, a process where drilling wastes are spread and tilled into the land surface, has become common in some petroleum-producing states, however, the potential benefits and risks of this practice are not well studied. Drilling fluids can be water- or oil-based and can have high concentrations of total soluble salts and total petroleum hydrocarbons. Comprehensive chemical characterization of these fluids is not well documented in the literature, and the extent of land application is largely unknown. We hypothesized that the land application of drill waste would fluctuate over time due to economic factors. To begin to understand the extent of historical and potential future land application, we analyzed data from over 5,800 drilling fluid land application permits collected by the Oklahoma Corporation Commission for years 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015–2020. During the years studied, drilling fluid wastes were applied to more than 250,000 acres in Oklahoma, with over 54,000 thousand barrels (Mbbl) of liquids and nearly 21,000 Mbbl of solids applied. Land application is widespread (occurring in 59/77 counties), however recent drilling activity, land availability, and the economics of transportation have created conditions favorable for land application specifically in the Anadarko Basin. Land application can co-occur with sensitive areas, such as important groundwater and surface-water drinking sources and agricultural fields used for subsistence or feed crop production. Our approach for quantifying the extent of land application, along with further chemical characterization studies, can aid operators and land managers who are considering this practice in assessing the associated benefits and risks.
Subsurface wastewater injection has increased the seismicity rate within the Raton Basin over more than two decades, with the basin-wide injection rate peaked between 2009-2015. To understand the evolution of injection-induced earthquakes, we systematically analyzed 2016-2024 broadband recordings with a machine-learning-based phase picker and constructed a catalog with 95,993 earthquakes (-1≤ML≤4.3). We then inverted for full centroid moment tensors (CMT) for 90 ML ≥ 2 events, with a special interest in constraining the non-double-couple components via probabilistic metrics. Both relocations and CMT solutions support basement-rooted normal faults, including graben and half-graben structures. Furthermore, we observe the non-double-couple components that imply elevated pore pressure in the fault zones. An earthquake cluster emerged in the north-central basin in 2023, preceded by ~1-yr of increased injection volume from wells within 15km. Despite a basin-wide decrease in the injection volume, we highlights the persistence of seismicity that remains to sensitive to injection rates within the Raton Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2025GL114675","usgsCitation":"Jamalreyhani, M., Wang, R., Schmandt, B., Peña Castro, A., and Glasgow, M.E., 2025, Evidence for fluid pressurization of fault zones and persistent sensitivity to injection rate beneath the Raton Basin: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 52, no. 13, e2025GL114675, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL114675.","productDescription":"e2025GL114675, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-174090","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492083,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl114675","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":491900,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Raton Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.84745273155198,\n 37.25901175707777\n ],\n [\n -104.84745273155198,\n 36.70387419499353\n ],\n [\n -104.23063602144036,\n 36.70387419499353\n ],\n [\n -104.23063602144036,\n 37.25901175707777\n ],\n [\n -104.84745273155198,\n 37.25901175707777\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jamalreyhani, Mohammadreza","contributorId":236673,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jamalreyhani","given":"Mohammadreza","affiliations":[{"id":47513,"text":"1: Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, Iran. 2: GFZ German research centre for geosciences, Potsdam, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, Ruijia","contributorId":357742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Ruijia","affiliations":[{"id":85546,"text":"Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmandt, Brandon","contributorId":202750,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmandt","given":"Brandon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36307,"text":"University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peña Castro, Andres Felipe","contributorId":357743,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peña Castro","given":"Andres Felipe","affiliations":[{"id":85548,"text":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Glasgow, Margaret Elizabeth 0000-0001-5637-5918","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5637-5918","contributorId":340268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glasgow","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"Elizabeth","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70273985,"text":"70273985 - 2025 - Increased mortality rates caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in a migratory raptor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-20T15:04:21.494411","indexId":"70273985","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-06T08:59:39","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Increased mortality rates caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in a migratory raptor","docAbstract":"Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) has caused extensive mortalities in wild birds with a disproportionate impact on raptors since 2021. 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HPAIV mortalities were concentrated within the Central and Atlantic flyways during prebreeding migration and peaked in April 2022 when large-scale HPAIV mortalities were reported in other wild birds throughout North America. HPAIV exposure was most likely caused by scavenging or preying on infected waterfowl, as rough-legged hawks are known to opportunistically scavenge during the nonbreeding season. We utilized movement data to identify a continental-scale HPAIV cause-specific mortality event in rough-legged hawks that has the potential to exacerbate ongoing population declines. Our study highlights the usefulness of monitoring movement data to pinpoint sources of mortality that can help better understand the drivers of population change, even if studies are focused on other research questions.
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