Coral disease is a growing problem for coral reefs globally and diseases have been linked to thermal stress, excess nutrients, overfishing and other human impacts. The Red Sea is a unique environment for corals with a strong environmental gradient characterized by temperature extremes and high salinities, but minimal terrestrial runoff or riverine input and their associated pollution. Yet, relatively little is known about coral diseases in this region. Disease surveys were conducted at 22 reefs within three regions (Yanbu, Thuwal, Al Lith) in the central Red Sea along the Saudi Arabian coast. Surveys occurred in October 2015, which coincided with a hyperthermal-induced bleaching event. Our objectives were to 1) document types, prevalence, and distribution of coral diseases in a region with minimal terrestrial input, 2) compare regional differences in diseases and bleaching along a latitudinal gradient of environmental conditions, and 3) use histopathology to characterize disease lesions at the cellular level. Coral reefs of the central Red Sea had a widespread but a surprisingly low prevalence of disease (<0.5%), based on the examination of >75,750 colonies. Twenty diseases were recorded affecting 16 coral taxa and included black band disease, white syndromes, endolithic hypermycosis, skeletal eroding band, growth anomalies and focal bleached patches. The three most common diseases were Acropora white syndrome (59.1% of the survey sites), Porites growth anomalies (40.9%), and Porites white syndrome (31.8%). Sixteen out of 30 coral genera within transects had lesions and Acropora, Millepora and Lobophyllia were the most commonly affected. Cell-associated microbial aggregates were found in four coral genera including a first report in Stylophora. Differences in disease prevalence, coral cover, amount of heat stress as measured by degree heating weeks (DHW) and extent of bleaching was evident among sites. Disease prevalence was not explained by coral cover or DHW, and a negative relationship between coral bleaching and disease prevalence was found. The northern-most sites off the coast of Yanbu had the highest average disease prevalence and highest average DHW values but no bleaching. Our study provides a foundation and baseline data for coral disease prevalence in the central Red Sea, which is projected to increase as a consequence of increased frequency and severity of ocean warming.
The avifauna of Guam was devastated by the introduction of the Brown Treesnake, and the restoration of native birds would need to address the problem with eradication or suppression of BTS. With eradication of the snake unlikely in the near term, and suppression capabilities limited to specific finite areas, key information for reintroductions is how low BTS abundance will likely need to be for each bird species to be re-established based on their vulnerability to BTS predation. Here, we estimate vulnerability, which can no longer be measured directly, so biologists who are familiar with one or more of seven Guam birds were surveyed to obtain their knowledge and produce quantitative vulnerability estimates. As is typical of birds adapted to islands devoid of predators, respondents judged that our focal species exhibit few predator avoidance and tolerance traits, leaving body size as the prime determinant of vulnerability. Respondent opinion also holds that any behavior that reduces the likelihood of an encounter by BTS, e.g., roosting/nesting in palm crowns, cavity nesting, and in particular urban dwelling, substantially reduces vulnerability. Our results can help inform species-specific decisions about when it may be safe to consider the release of birds on Guam depending on the relative vulnerability of each species to predation by BTS.
Effective natural resource management and policy is contingent on information generated by research. Conversely, the applicability of research depends on whether it is responsive to the needs and constraints of resource managers and policy makers. However, many scientific fields including invasion ecology suffer from a disconnect between research and practice. Despite strong socio-political imperatives, evidenced by extensive funding dedicated to addressing invasive species, the pairing of invasion ecology with stakeholder needs to support effective management and policy is lacking. As a potential solution, we propose translational invasion ecology (TIE). As an extension of translational ecology, as a framework to increase collaboration among scientists, practitioners, and policy makers to reduce negative impacts of invasive species. As an extension of translational ecology, TIE is an approach that embodies an intentional and inclusive process in which researchers, stakeholders, and decision makers collaborate to develop and implement ecological research via joint consideration of the ecological, sociological, economic, and/or political contexts in order to improve invasive species management. TIE ideally results in improved outcomes as well as shared benefits between researchers and managers. We delineate the steps of our proposed TIE approach and describe successful examples of ongoing TIE projects from the US and internationally. We suggest practical ways to begin incorporating TIE into research and management practices, including supporting boundary-spanning organizations and activities, expanding networks, sharing translational experiences, and measuring outcomes. We find that there is a need for strengthened boundary spanning, as well as funding and recognition for advancing translational approaches. As climate change and globalization exacerbate invasive species impacts, TIE provides a promising approach to generate actionable ecological research while improving outcomes of invasive species management and policy decisions.
The relentless role of invasive species in the extinction of native biota requires predictions of ecosystem vulnerability to inform proactive management strategies. The worldwide invasion and range expansion of predatory northern pike (Esox lucius) has been linked to the decline of native fishes and tools are needed to predict the vulnerability of habitats to invasion over broad geographic scales. To address this need, we coupled an intrinsic potential habitat modelling approach with a Bayesian network to evaluate the vulnerability of five culturally and economically vital species of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) to invasion by northern pike. This study was conducted along 22,875 stream km in the Southcentral region of Alaska, USA. Pink salmon (O. gorbuscha) were the most vulnerable species, with 15.2% (2,458 km) of their calculated extent identified as “highly” vulnerable, followed closely by chum salmon (O. keta, 14.8%; 2,557 km) and coho salmon (O. kisutch, 14.7%; 2,536 km). Moreover, all five Pacific salmon species were highly vulnerable in 1,001 stream km of shared habitat. This simple to implement, adaptable, and cost-effective framework will allow prioritizing habitats for early detection and monitoring of invading northern pike.
Assessing species status and making classification decisions under the Endangered Species Act is a critical step towards effective species conservation. However, classification decisions are liable to two errors: i) failing to classify a species as threatened or endangered that should be classified (underprotection), or ii) classifying a species as threatened or endangered when it is not warranted (overprotection). Recent surveys indicate threatened spectacled eider populations are increasing in western Alaska, prompting the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to reconsider the federal listing status. There are multiple criteria set for assessing spectacled eider status, and here we focus on the abundance and decision analysis criteria. We estimated population metrics using state-space models for Alaskan breeding populations of spectacled eiders. We projected abundance over 50 years using posterior estimates of abundance and process variation to estimate the probability of quasi-extinction. The decision analysis maps the risk of quasi-extinction to the loss associated with making a misclassification error (i.e., underprotection) through a loss function. Our results indicate that the Yukon Kuskokwim Delta breeding population in western Alaska has met the recovery criteria but the Arctic Coastal Plain population in northern Alaska has not. The methods employed here provide an example of accounting for uncertainty and incorporating value judgements in such a way that the decision-makers may understand the risk of committing a misclassification error. Incorporating the abundance threshold and decision analysis in the reclassification criteria greatly increases the transparency and defensibility of the classification decision, a critical aspect for making effective decisions about species management and conservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0253895","usgsCitation":"Dunham, K., Osnas, E., Frost, C., Fischer, J., and Grand, J.B., 2021, Assessing recovery of spectacled eiders using a Bayesian decision analysis: PLoS ONE, v. 16, no. 7, e0253895, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253895.","productDescription":"e0253895, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-118460","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253895","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":432285,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunham, K.D.","contributorId":287550,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunham","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13360,"text":"Auburn University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osnas, E.E.","contributorId":341825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osnas","given":"E.E.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frost, C.","contributorId":336910,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frost","given":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36628,"text":"University of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fischer, J.B.","contributorId":341826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fischer","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":908942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70226458,"text":"70226458 - 2021 - Gopherus agassizii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-18T14:41:18.5924","indexId":"70226458","displayToPublicDate":"2021-07-01T08:40:34","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9925,"text":"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Gopherus agassizii","title":"Gopherus agassizii","docAbstract":"A provisional Red List Assessment of the widespread Desert Tortoise, Gopherus agassizii (sensu lato), was performed at a Desert Tortoise Council workshop in 2010 and updated by the IUCN Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group (TFTSG) in 2011, at which time the Mojave Desert subpopulation, now considered G. agassizii (sensu stricto) following taxonomic analysis and splitting into three separate species (G. agassizii, G. morafkai, and G. evgoodei), was assessed as Critically Endangered A2bce+A4bce based on population reduction (decreasing density), habit loss of over 80% over three generations (90 years), including past reductions and predicted future declines, as well as the effects of disease (upper respiratory tract disease / mycoplasmosis). Gopherus agassizii (sensu stricto) comprises tortoises in the most well-studied 30% of the larger range; this portion of the original range has seen the most human impacts and is where the largest past population losses had been documented. A recent rigorous range-wide population reassessment of G. agassizii (sensu stricto) has demonstrated continued adult population and density declines of about 90% over three generations (two in the past and one ongoing) in four of the five G. agassizii recovery units and inadequate recruitment with decreasing percentages of juveniles in all five recovery units. As such, we reaffirm the prior assessment of the taxonomically restricted Mojave Desert Tortoise, G. agassizii, as Critically Endangered, and add criterion “a” for direct population observations: CR A2abce+A4abce. The previously defined widespread species G. agassizii (sensu lato) was last assessed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List in 1996; a separate assessment currently in progress by the TFTSG for the Sonoran Desert Tortoise, G. morafkai (previously considered part of G. agassizii) has provisionally assessed that species as Vulnerable.
","language":"English","publisher":"IUCN","doi":"10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T97246272A3150871.en","usgsCitation":"Berry, K.H., Allison, L.J., McLuckie, A., Vaughn, M., and Murphy, R.W., 2021, Gopherus agassizii: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T97246272A3150871.en.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-125270","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451679,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-2.rlts.t97246272a3150871.en","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":391863,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.444580078125,\n 32.48196313217176\n ],\n [\n -113.64257812499999,\n 34.30714385628804\n ],\n [\n -113.499755859375,\n 34.768691457552706\n ],\n [\n -114.466552734375,\n 35.951329861522666\n ],\n [\n -113.291015625,\n 36.500805317604794\n ],\n [\n -112.950439453125,\n 37.51844023887861\n ],\n [\n -113.5986328125,\n 37.64903402157866\n ],\n [\n -114.14794921875,\n 37.64903402157866\n ],\n [\n -114.76318359375,\n 36.58024660149866\n ],\n [\n -115.11474609375001,\n 36.155617833818525\n ],\n [\n -116.56494140625001,\n 36.82687474287728\n ],\n [\n -118.09204101562501,\n 36.35052700542763\n ],\n [\n -117.48779296875,\n 34.88593094075317\n ],\n [\n -116.883544921875,\n 34.252676117101515\n ],\n [\n -115.49926757812499,\n 33.247875947924385\n ],\n [\n -115.3564453125,\n 32.759562025650126\n ],\n [\n -114.444580078125,\n 32.48196313217176\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berry, Kristin H. 0000-0003-1591-8394 kristin_berry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1591-8394","contributorId":437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Kristin","email":"kristin_berry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allison, L. J.","contributorId":269368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allison","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McLuckie, A. M.","contributorId":269369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McLuckie","given":"A. M.","affiliations":[{"id":49122,"text":"Utah Division of Wildlife Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vaughn, M.","contributorId":269372,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vaughn","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":55949,"text":"Turtle Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murphy, R. W.","contributorId":269374,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murphy","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7044,"text":"University of Toronto","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70232405,"text":"70232405 - 2021 - The distribution of anadromy in steelhead / rainbow trout in the Eel River, northwestern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-04T17:12:05.965896","indexId":"70232405","displayToPublicDate":"2021-07-01T06:58:26","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":10946,"text":"California Fish and Wildlife Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The distribution of anadromy in steelhead / rainbow trout in the Eel River, northwestern California","docAbstract":"To inform management and conservation of the species, we investigated the distribution of anadromy and residency of steelhead/rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Eel River of northwestern California. We determined maternal anadromy versus residency for 106 juvenile O. mykiss using otolith microchemistry. To attempt to relate patterns of anadromy with environmental factors known to influence its distribution in O. mykiss in other places, fish were collected from 52 sites throughout the drainage covering a range of stream size (0.1–7.7 m3/s estimated mean annual run-off) and distance from the ocean (23–219 km). Sixty-one of 91 fish sampled below prospective barriers had anadromous mothers, while 1 of 15 fish sampled above barriers had an anadromous mother. We did not detect any influence of stream size or distance from the ocean on the occurrence of anadromy. Fish with resident mothers were found at 21 of 46 sites below barriers. The current broad distribution of fish with resident mothers indicates the importance of maintaining freshwater conditions suitable for resident adults and juveniles age-1 and older, such as preserving dry-season streamflows.
","language":"English","publisher":"California Department of Fish and Wildlife","doi":"10.51492/cfwj.107.7","usgsCitation":"Harvey, B.C., Nakamoto, R.J., Kent, A.J., and Zimmerman, C.E., 2021, The distribution of anadromy in steelhead / rainbow trout in the Eel River, northwestern California: California Fish and Wildlife Journal, v. 107, no. 2, p. 77-88, https://doi.org/10.51492/cfwj.107.7.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"88","ipdsId":"IP-129368","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451690,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.51492/cfwj.107.7","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":402802,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.76074218749999,\n 37.89219554724437\n ],\n [\n -121.06933593749999,\n 37.89219554724437\n ],\n [\n -121.06933593749999,\n 41.11246878918088\n ],\n [\n -124.76074218749999,\n 41.11246878918088\n ],\n [\n -124.76074218749999,\n 37.89219554724437\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Bret C.","contributorId":292678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harvey","given":"Bret","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":62967,"text":"U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nakamoto, Rodney J.","contributorId":292679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nakamoto","given":"Rodney","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":62967,"text":"U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kent, Adam J.R.","contributorId":292680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kent","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"J.R.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zimmerman, Christian E. 0000-0002-3646-0688 czimmerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3646-0688","contributorId":410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Christian","email":"czimmerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":845442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70223163,"text":"70223163 - 2021 - Conspecific and congeneric interactions shape increasing rates of breeding dispersal of northern spotted owls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-06T15:55:10.235775","indexId":"70223163","displayToPublicDate":"2021-07-01T06:45:57","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conspecific and congeneric interactions shape increasing rates of breeding dispersal of northern spotted owls","docAbstract":"Breeding dispersal, the movement from one breeding territory to another, is rare for philopatric species that evolved within relatively stable environments, such as the old-growth coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest. Although dispersal is not inherently maladaptive, the consequences of increased dispersal on population dynamics in populations whose historical dispersal rates are low could be significant, particularly for a declining species. We examined rates and possible causes of breeding dispersal based on a sample of 4,118 northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) monitored in seven study areas over 28 yr, 1990–2017, in Oregon and Washington, USA. Using a multistate mark–resight analysis, we investigated the potential impacts of an emergent congeneric competitor (barred owl Strix varia) and forest alteration (extrinsic factors), and social and individual conditions (intrinsic factors) on 408 successive and 1,372 nonsuccessive dispersal events between years. The annual probability of breeding dispersal increased for individual owls that had also dispersed in the previous year and decreased for owls on territories with historically high levels of reproduction. Intrinsic factors including pair status, prior reproductive success, and experience at a site, were also associated with breeding dispersal movements. The percent of monitored owls dispersing each year increased from ˜7% early in the study to ˜25% at the end of the study, which coincided with a rapid increase in numbers of invasive and competitively dominant barred owls. We suggest that the results presented here can inform spotted owl conservation efforts as we identify factors contributing to changing rates of demographic parameters including site fidelity and breeding dispersal. Our study further shows that increasing rates of breeding dispersal associated with population declines contribute to population instability and vulnerability of northern spotted owls to extinction, and the prognosis is unlikely to change unless active management interventions are undertaken.
The flow regime paradigm is central to the aquatic sciences, where flow drives critical functions in lotic systems. Non-perennial streams comprise the majority of global river length, thus we extended this paradigm to stream drying. Using 894 USGS gages, we isolated 25,207 drying events from 1979 to 2018, represented by a streamflow peak followed by no flow. We calculated hydrologic signatures for each drying event and using multivariate statistics, grouped events into drying regimes characterized by: (a) fast drying, (b) long no-flow duration, (c) prolonged drying following low antecedent flows, (d) drying without a distinctive hydrologic signature. 77% of gages had more than one drying regime at different times within the study period. Random forests revealed land cover/use are more important to how a river dries than climate or physiographic characteristics. Clustering stream drying behavior may allow practitioners to more systematically adapt water resource management practices to specific drying regimes or rivers.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2021GL093298","usgsCitation":"Price, A.N., Jones, C.N., Hammond, J., Zimmer, M., and Zipper, S., 2021, The drying regimes of non-perennial rivers and streams: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 48, no. 14, e2021GL093298, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL093298.","productDescription":"e2021GL093298, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-127641","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":405993,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-07-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, Adam N. 0000-0002-7211-4758","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7211-4758","contributorId":295971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Price","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":27155,"text":"University of California Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":850332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, C. Nathan 0000-0002-5804-0510","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5804-0510","contributorId":295972,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Nathan","affiliations":[{"id":36730,"text":"University of Alabama","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":850333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hammond, John C. 0000-0002-4935-0736","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4935-0736","contributorId":223108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammond","given":"John C.","affiliations":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zimmer, Margaret 0000-0001-8287-1923","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8287-1923","contributorId":225158,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimmer","given":"Margaret","affiliations":[{"id":41054,"text":"Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":850335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zipper, Samuel 0000-0002-8735-5757","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8735-5757","contributorId":225160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zipper","given":"Samuel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41056,"text":"Kansas Geological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence KS 66047, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":850336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70221766,"text":"70221766 - 2021 - Evaluation of regulatory action and surveillance as preventive risk-mitigation to an emerging global amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-23T13:16:35.462105","indexId":"70221766","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-30T07:03:16","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Evaluation of regulatory action and surveillance as preventive risk-mitigation to an emerging global amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal)","title":"Evaluation of regulatory action and surveillance as preventive risk-mitigation to an emerging global amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal)","docAbstract":"The emerging amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) is a severe threat to global urodelan (salamanders, newts, and related taxa) biodiversity. Bsal has not been detected, to date, in North America, but the risk is high because North America is one of the global hotspots for urodelan biodiversity. The North American and United States response to the discovery of Bsal in Europe was to take a risk-based approach to preventive management actions, including interim regulations on importation of captive salamanders and a large-scale surveillance effort. Risk-based approaches to decision-making can extend to adaptive management cycles by periodically incorporating new information that reduces uncertainty in an estimate of risk or to assess the effect of mitigation actions which reduce risk directly. Our objectives were to evaluate the effects of regulatory action on the introduction of Bsal to the U.S., quantify how a large-scale surveillance effort impacted consequence risk, and to combine other new information on species susceptibility to re-evaluate Bsal risk to the U.S. Import regulations effectively reduced import volume of targeted species, but new research on species susceptibility suggests the list of regulated species was incomplete regarding Bsal reservoir species. Not detecting Bsal in an intensive surveillance effort improved confidence that Bsal was not present, however, the overall risk-reduction impact was limited because of the expansive area of interest (conterminous United States) and limited time frame of sampling. Overall, the preventive actions in response to the Bsal threat did reduce Bsal risk in the U.S. and we present an updated risk assessment to provide information for adaptive decision-making.
Ecologists play a crucial role in providing solutions to the challenges facing the world. For most of the history of the field, however, the science of ecology has been pursued by white men, and increasingly, by white women. This lack of diversity is untenable today, not only because it is socially unjust, but also because solving environmental problems requires diversity. Ecology as a science is an extremely rewarding and fun career choice for many, but how can the field recruit a more diverse workforce to do this important and gratifying work? Attracting and retaining future ecologists of color is the focus of this Forum.
How do young people choose a career in ecology and environmental sciences? For many ecologists, environmental scientists and managers, and future natural resource professionals, an early field experience provides a crucial introduction and gateway. A sojourn at a field station, an extended field trip, or field expedition has introduced many of today’s professionals to their fields, but at the same time, a growing literature documents problematic behavior, discrimination, and other forms of harassment that have been far too frequently reported, and little attention has been given to conscious or implicit exclusion of students from diverse backgrounds.
In their lead article, Bowser and Cid, two leading researchers and long-time champions of diversity in ecology, build on experience in long-running programs as well as the literature to diagnose challenges facing diverse youth, and present approaches to encourage, rather than discourage, further engagement. They describe affirmative and creative measures that foster a sense of inclusion and community among young scholars; this sense of belonging and empowerment allows many to advance to studies and careers in ecology and environmental science.
In the subsequent six papers, authors explore topics either responding to, or inspired by, the lead paper. They explore alternatives to a field experience as a gateway to a career in ecology or environmental sciences through, for example, data science or the social sciences. Other comment papers describe challenges faced in the next phases of an academic career, barriers faced by specific cultural groups and the approaches, challenges, and outcomes of programs aiming to increase the diversity of the environmental STEM workforce. All responses sound a clarion call for change to hear and value different voices and perspectives to be heard and valued. These include (1) structural and cultural change to our institutions and reward structures; (2) developing and nurturing personal relationships among students and their mentors, within teams and in internships; (3) making entry to ecology inviting and making advancement in ecology free from systemic barriers; and (4) broadening our vision of ecology, and the ways we learn about the world’s ecosystems.
The Ecological Society of America, the home for Ecological Applications, is committed to the diversity, equity and inclusion needed to tackle environmental challenges in unity (https://www.esa.org/esablog/2020/09/24/time-for-action-esa-initiates-a-diversity-equity-inclusion-and-justice-deij-task-force/). The world needs all available talent and perspectives to meet environmental challenges today. Ecological Applications has long published occasional papers on the profession of ecology and never ones more important or timely than these. The editorial team is proud to provide an outlet for the voices of our field, in all its current, if inadequate, diversity and honored to host the passionate and committed views of our authors.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/eap.2353","usgsCitation":"Schimel, D.S., and Baron, J., 2021, A more representative community of ecologists: Ecological Applications, v. 31, no. 6, e02353, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2353.","productDescription":"e02353, 1 p.","ipdsId":"IP-126262","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451732,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2353","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":390383,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schimel, David S","contributorId":267312,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schimel","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S","affiliations":[{"id":55473,"text":"Jep Propulsion Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baron, Jill S. 0000-0002-5902-6251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":215101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":824948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70221579,"text":"ofr20211031 - 2021 - Annotated bibliography of scientific research on Ventenata dubia published from 2010 to 2020","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-25T19:53:40.817282","indexId":"ofr20211031","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-25T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-1031","displayTitle":"Annotated Bibliography of Scientific Research on Ventenata dubia Published from 2010 to 2020","title":"Annotated bibliography of scientific research on Ventenata dubia published from 2010 to 2020","docAbstract":"Integrating recent science into management decisions supports effective natural resource management and can lead to better resource outcomes. However, finding and accessing science information can be time consuming and costly. To assist in this process, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is creating a series of annotated bibliographies on topics of management concern for western lands. Previously published reports introduced a methodology for preparing annotated bibliographies to facilitate the integration of recent, peer-reviewed science into resource management decisions. Therefore, relevant text from those efforts is reproduced here to frame the presentation. Invasive annual grasses are widely distributed throughout the western United States and threaten native ecosystems by altering fire regimes, replacing native plants, and altering grazing patterns, often with tremendous associated costs. One invasive annual grass, Ventenata dubia (hereafter, ventenata), was first introduced to the United States in the 1950s and has recently been identified as a management concern. Ventenata has a wide native geographic range, from Africa to northern Europe, and could thus potentially spread widely in the United States if left unmanaged. We compiled and summarized peer-reviewed journal articles, government reports, and data products on ventenata published between January 1, 2010, and August 27, 2020. We first conducted a systematic search of three reference databases and three government databases using the search phrase: “ventenata” OR “Ventenata dubia.” We refined the initial list of products by removing (1) duplicates, (2) products not written in English, (3) publications that were not focused in North America, (4) publications that were not published as research, data products, or scientific review articles in peer-reviewed journals or as formal technical reports, and (5) products for which ventenata was not a research focus or for which the study did not present new data or findings about ventenata. We summarized each product using a consistent structure (background, objectives, methods, location, findings, and implications) and identified the management topics (for example, species and population characteristics, habitat, control and management efforts) addressed by each product. We also noted which publications included new geospatial data. The review process for this annotated bibliography included an initial internal colleague review of each summary, requesting input on each summary from an author of the original publication, and a formal peer review. Our initial searches resulted in 505 total products, of which 29 met our criteria for inclusion. Nonnative invasive plants; weed management; behavior or demographics; dispersal, spread, vectors and pathways; site-scale habitat characteristics; survival; and weed management subtopic: herbicides were the management topics most commonly addressed. The online version of this annotated bibliography will be searchable by topic, location, and year; it will also include links to each original publication, where available. The studies compiled and summarized here may inform planning and management actions that seek to maintain and restore landscapes and control nonnative invasive species across the western United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211031","usgsCitation":"Poor, E.E., Kleist, N.J., Bencin, H.L., Foster, A.C., and Carter, S.K., 2021, Annotated bibliography of scientific research on Ventenata dubia published from 2010 to 2020: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1031, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211031.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-121527","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386678,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1031/ofr20211031.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.24 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1031"},{"id":386677,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1031/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Fort Collins Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2150 Centre Ave., Building C
Fort Collins, CO 80526-8118
The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is one of the largest private lands conservation programs in the United States, establishing perennial vegetation on environmentally sensitive lands formerly in agricultural production. Over its 35 year existence, the CRP has evolved to include diverse conservation practices (CPs) while concomitantly meeting its core goals of reducing soil erosion, improving water quality, and providing wildlife habitat. Ongoing threats to grasslands and decreased CRP acreage highlighted the need for a national evaluation of the effectiveness in providing the program's intended benefits. To address this need, we conducted edge-of-field surveys of erosional features, vegetation, and soil cover on 1 786 fields across 10 CPs and 14 central and western states from 2016 to 2018. We grouped practices into three types (grassland, wetland, and wildlife) and states into six regions for analysis. Across practice types, ≥99% of fields had no evidence of rills, gullies, or pedestaling from erosion, and 91% of fields had <20% bare soil cover, with region being the strongest predictor of bare soil cover. Seventy-nine percent of fields had ≥50% grass cover, with cover differing by practice type and region. Native grass species were present on more fields in wildlife and wetland practices compared to grassland practices. Forb cover >50% and native forb presence occurred most frequently in wildlife practices, with region being the strongest driver of differences. Federally listed noxious grass and forb species occurred on 23% and 61% of fields, respectively, but tended to constitute a small portion of cover in the field. Estimates from edge-of-field surveys and in-field validation sampling were strongly correlated, demonstrating the utility of the edge-of-field surveys. Our results provide the first national-level assessment of CRP establishment in three decades, confirming that enrolled wildlife and wetland practices often have diverse perennial vegetation cover and very few erosional features.
","language":"English","publisher":"IOP Publishing","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/ac06f8","usgsCitation":"Vandever, M.W., Carter, S.K., Assal, T.J., Elgersma, K., Wen, A., Welty, J.L., Arkle, R.S., and Iovanna, R., 2021, Evaluating establishment of conservation practices in the Conservation Reserve Program across the central and western United States: Environmental Research Letters, v. 16, 074011, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac06f8.","productDescription":"074011, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-122262","costCenters":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451746,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac06f8","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XCC65W","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Presence of erosional features and cover of grasses, forbs, and bare ground on fields enrolled in grassland, wetland, and wildlife practices of the Conservation Reserve Program in the central and western United States from 2016 to 2018"},{"id":387123,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, Iowa, Idaho, Kansas, Missouri, Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Mexico, Nevada, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, 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\"}}]}","volume":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vandever, Mark W. 0000-0003-0247-2629 vandeverm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0247-2629","contributorId":197674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandever","given":"Mark","email":"vandeverm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, Sarah K. 0000-0003-3778-8615","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3778-8615","contributorId":192418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Assal, Timothy J. 0000-0001-6342-2954","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6342-2954","contributorId":258157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Assal","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":18142,"text":"Kent State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elgersma, Kenneth 0000-0001-9012-8590","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9012-8590","contributorId":260896,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elgersma","given":"Kenneth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34268,"text":"University of Northern Iowa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wen, Ai","contributorId":260897,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wen","given":"Ai","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34268,"text":"University of Northern Iowa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Welty, Justin L. 0000-0001-7829-7324 jwelty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7829-7324","contributorId":4206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welty","given":"Justin","email":"jwelty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Arkle, Robert S. 0000-0003-3021-1389","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3021-1389","contributorId":218006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arkle","given":"Robert","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Iovanna, Rich","contributorId":207528,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iovanna","given":"Rich","affiliations":[{"id":36589,"text":"USDA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70221847,"text":"70221847 - 2021 - Assessing cyanobacterial frequency and abundance at surface waters near drinking water intakes across the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-12T17:40:51.546974","indexId":"70221847","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-24T12:35:42","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing cyanobacterial frequency and abundance at surface waters near drinking water intakes across the United States","docAbstract":"This study presents the first large-scale assessment of cyanobacterial frequency and abundance of surface water near drinking water intakes across the United States. Public water systems serve drinking water to nearly 90% of the United States population. Cyanobacteria and their toxins may degrade the quality of finished drinking water and can lead to negative health consequences. Satellite imagery can serve as a cost-effective and consistent monitoring technique for surface cyanobacterial blooms in source waters and can provide drinking water treatment operators information for managing their systems. This study uses satellite imagery from the European Space Agency's Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) spanning June 2016 through April 2020. At 300-m spatial resolution, OLCI imagery can be used to monitor cyanobacteria in 685 drinking water sources across 285 lakes in 44 states, referred to here as resolvable drinking water sources. First, a subset of satellite data was compared to a subset of responses (n = 84) submitted as part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's fourth Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 4). These UCMR 4 qualitative responses included visual observations of algal bloom presence and absence near drinking water intakes from March 2018 through November 2019. Overall agreement between satellite imagery and UCMR 4 qualitative responses was 94% with a Kappa coefficient of 0.70. Next, temporal frequency of cyanobacterial blooms at all resolvable drinking water sources was assessed. In 2019, bloom frequency averaged 2% and peaked at 100%, where 100% indicated a bloom was always present at the source waters when satellite imagery was available. Monthly cyanobacterial abundances were used to assess short-term trends across all resolvable drinking water sources and effect size was computed to provide insight on the number of years of data that must be obtained to increase confidence in an observed change. Generally, 2016 through 2020 was an insufficient time period for confidently observing changes at these source waters; on average, a decade of satellite imagery would be required for observed environmental trends to outweigh variability in the data. However, five source waters did demonstrate a sustained short-term trend, with one increasing in cyanobacterial abundance from June 2016 to April 2020 and four decreasing.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2021.117377","usgsCitation":"Coffer, M., Schaeffer, B., Foreman, K., Porteous, A., Loftin, K.A., Stumpf, R., Werdell, J., Urquhart, E., Albert, R., and Darling, J., 2021, Assessing cyanobacterial frequency and abundance at surface waters near drinking water intakes across the United States: Water Research, v. 201, no. 1, 117377, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117377.","productDescription":"117377, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-129698","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451757,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117377","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387133,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"201","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coffer, Megan","contributorId":260848,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coffer","given":"Megan","affiliations":[{"id":37230,"text":"EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaeffer, Blake A.","contributorId":260849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaeffer","given":"Blake A.","affiliations":[{"id":37230,"text":"EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foreman, Katherine","contributorId":260850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foreman","given":"Katherine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37230,"text":"EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Porteous, Alex","contributorId":260851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Porteous","given":"Alex","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37230,"text":"EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Loftin, Keith A. 0000-0001-5291-876X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5291-876X","contributorId":221964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Keith","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stumpf, Richard","contributorId":260852,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stumpf","given":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Werdell, Jeremy","contributorId":260853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Werdell","given":"Jeremy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38788,"text":"NASA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Urquhart, Erin","contributorId":260854,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Urquhart","given":"Erin","affiliations":[{"id":38788,"text":"NASA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Albert, Ryan","contributorId":260855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Albert","given":"Ryan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37230,"text":"EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Darling, John","contributorId":260856,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Darling","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":37230,"text":"EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70222478,"text":"70222478 - 2021 - Mapping the vulnerability of giant sequoias after extreme drought in California using remote sensing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-06T15:38:17.676701","indexId":"70222478","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-23T08:33:38","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping the vulnerability of giant sequoias after extreme drought in California using remote sensing","docAbstract":"Between 2012 and 2016, California suffered one of the most severe droughts on record. During this period Sequoiadendron giganteum (giant sequoias) in the Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI), California, USA experienced canopy water content (CWC) loss, unprecedented foliage senescence, and, in a few cases, death. We present an assessment of the vulnerability of giant sequoia populations to droughts that is currently lacking and needed for management. We used a temporal trend of remotely sensed CWC obtained between 2015 and 2017, and recently georeferenced giant sequoia crowns to quantify the vulnerability of 7,408 individuals in 10 groves in the northern portion of SEKI. CWC is sensitive to changes in liquid water in tree canopies; therefore, it is a useful metric for quantifying the response of sequoia trees to drought. Temporal trends indicated that 9% of giant sequoias had a significant decline or consistently low CWC, suggesting these trees were likely operating at low photosynthetic capacity and potentially at high risk to drought stress. We also found that 20% of the giant sequoias had an increase or consistently high level of CWC, indicating these trees were at low risk to drought stress. These vulnerability categories were used in a random forest model with a combination of topographic, fire-related, and climate variables to generate high-resolution vulnerability risk maps. These maps show that higher risk is associated with lower elevation and higher climate water deficit. We also found that sequoias at higher elevations but located near meadows had higher vulnerability risk. These results and the vulnerability maps can identify vulnerable sequoias that may be difficult to save or locations of refugia to be protected, and thus may aid forest managers in preparation for future droughts.
The Mississippi Alluvial Plain hosts one of the most prolific shallow aquifer systems in the United States but is experiencing chronic groundwater decline. The Reelfoot rift and New Madrid seismic zone underlie the region and represent an important and poorly understood seismic hazard. Despite its societal and economic importance, the shallow subsurface architecture has not been mapped with the spatial resolution needed for effective management. Here, we present airborne electromagnetic, magnetic, and radiometric observations, measured over more than 43,000 flight-line-kilometers, which collectively provide a system-scale snapshot of the entire region. We develop detailed maps of aquifer connectivity and shallow geologic structure, infer relationships between structure and groundwater age, and identify previously unseen paleochannels and shallow fault structures. This dataset demonstrates how regional-scale airborne geophysics can close a scale gap in Earth observation by providing observational data at suitable scales and resolutions to improve our understanding of subsurface structures.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/s43247-021-00200-z","usgsCitation":"Minsley, B.J., Rigby, J.R., James, S.R., Burton, B.L., Knierim, K.J., Pace, M., Bedrosian, P.A., and Kress, W., 2021, Airborne geophysical surveys of the lower Mississippi Valley demonstrate system-scale mapping of subsurface architecture: Communications Earth & Environment, v. 2, 131, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00200-z.","productDescription":"131, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-126061","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00200-z","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387124,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.47265625,\n 37.405073750176925\n ],\n [\n -91.40625,\n 34.45221847282654\n ],\n [\n -91.7578125,\n 31.653381399664\n ],\n [\n -91.7138671875,\n 30.600093873550072\n ],\n [\n -90.17578124999999,\n 31.615965936476076\n ],\n [\n -89.12109375,\n 35.137879119634185\n ],\n [\n -88.41796875,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -89.47265625,\n 37.405073750176925\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minsley, Burke J. 0000-0003-1689-1306","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1689-1306","contributorId":248573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minsley","given":"Burke","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rigby, James R. 0000-0002-5611-6307","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5611-6307","contributorId":260894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rigby","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"James, Stephanie R. 0000-0001-5715-253X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5715-253X","contributorId":260620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burton, Bethany L. 0000-0001-5011-7862 blburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5011-7862","contributorId":138925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Bethany","email":"blburton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Knierim, Katherine J. 0000-0002-5361-4132 kknierim@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5361-4132","contributorId":191788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knierim","given":"Katherine","email":"kknierim@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pace, Michael 0000-0003-2770-5724","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2770-5724","contributorId":216678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pace","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":819081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bedrosian, Paul A. 0000-0002-6786-1038 pbedrosian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6786-1038","contributorId":839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedrosian","given":"Paul","email":"pbedrosian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kress, Wade 0000-0002-6833-028X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6833-028X","contributorId":203539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kress","given":"Wade","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70221722,"text":"70221722 - 2021 - Sex- and developmental stage-related differences in the hepatic transcriptome of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) exposed to 17β-Trenbolone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-14T16:21:53.804535","indexId":"70221722","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-22T07:19:39","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Sex- and developmental stage-related differences in the hepatic transcriptome of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) exposed to 17β-Trenbolone","title":"Sex- and developmental stage-related differences in the hepatic transcriptome of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) exposed to 17β-Trenbolone","docAbstract":"Endocrine-disrupting chemicals can cause transcriptomic changes that may disrupt biological processes associated with reproductive function including metabolism, transport, and cell growth. We investigated effects from in ovo and dietary exposure to 17β-trenbolone (at 0, 1, and 10 ppm) on the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) hepatic transcriptome. Our objectives were to identify differentially expressed hepatic genes, assess perturbations of biological pathways, and examine sex- and developmental stage–related differences. The number of significantly differentially expressed genes was higher in embryos than in adults. Male embryos exhibited greater differential gene expression than female embryos, whereas in adults, males and females exhibited similar numbers of differentially expressed genes (>2-fold). Vitellogenin and apovitellenin-1 were up-regulated in male adults exposed to 10 ppm 17β-trenbolone, and these birds also exhibited indications of immunomodulation. Functional grouping of differentially expressed genes identified processes including metabolism and transport of biomolecules, enzyme activity, and extracellular matrix interactions. Pathway enrichment analyses identified as perturbed peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor pathway, cardiac muscle contraction, gluconeogenesis, growth factor signaling, focal adhesion, and bile acid biosynthesis. One of the primary uses of 17β-trenbolone is that of a growth promoter, and these results identify effects on mechanistic pathways related to steroidogenesis, cell proliferation, differentiation, growth, and metabolism of lipids and proteins.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5143","usgsCitation":"Mittal, K., Henry, P.F., Cornman, R.S., Maddox, C.M., Basu, N., and Karouna-Renier, N., 2021, Sex- and developmental stage-related differences in the hepatic transcriptome of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) exposed to 17β-Trenbolone: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 40, no. 9, p. 2559-2570, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5143.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2559","endPage":"2570","ipdsId":"IP-126515","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9M4JOOV","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Hepatic Transcriptome of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) Exposed to 17B.-Trenbolone"},{"id":386889,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mittal, Krittika","contributorId":260707,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mittal","given":"Krittika","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6646,"text":"McGill University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henry, Paula F. P. 0000-0002-7601-5546 phenry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7601-5546","contributorId":4485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Paula","email":"phenry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F. P.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cornman, Robert S. 0000-0001-9511-2192 rcornman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9511-2192","contributorId":5356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornman","given":"Robert","email":"rcornman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maddox, Catherine M.","contributorId":192013,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maddox","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Basu, Niladri","contributorId":60085,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Basu","given":"Niladri","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Karouna-Renier, Natalie 0000-0001-7127-033X nkarouna@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7127-033X","contributorId":200983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karouna-Renier","given":"Natalie","email":"nkarouna@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70228324,"text":"70228324 - 2021 - Refining sampling protocols for cavefishes and cave crayfishes to account for environmental variation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T17:53:49.063139","indexId":"70228324","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-21T11:43:34","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":10105,"text":"Subterranean Biology","onlineIssn":"1314-2615","printIssn":"1768-1448","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Refining sampling protocols for cavefishes and cave crayfishes to account for environmental variation","docAbstract":"Subterranean habitats support a diverse array of organisms and represent imperative habitats in many conservation strategies; however, subterranean habitats are one of the most difficult environments to study. Accounting for variable sampling detection is necessary to properly evaluate conservation options for rare species such as karst and other groundwater organisms. New sampling methods, such as environmental DNA, show promise to improve stygobiont detection; however, sources of sampling bias are poorly understood. Therefore, our objective was to determine factors affecting detection probability of both visual and environmental DNA (eDNA) surveys for cavefishes and cave crayfishes. We sampled 40 sites across the Ozark Highlands ecoregion in Arkansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma, USA using visual and eDNA surveys. We used occupancy modeling to estimate the detection probability of the two taxa using both survey methods under varying environmental conditions. Overall, eDNA sampling resulted in higher detection probability for cavefishes when compared to visual surveys, whereas visual surveys typically had higher detection probability for cave crayfishes. Greater water volume at the time of sampling was related to lower detection using visual surveys for both taxa, but there was no relationship between eDNA detection and water volume. Detection probability of both cavefishes and crayfishes was higher using visual surveys when sampling units were classified by coarse rather than fine substrate, whereas detection of cave crayfishes surveyed using eDNA was higher in coarse substrate environments. Detection of cavefishes and cave crayfishes was higher via eDNA sampling when water was flowing, but similar sampling conditions resulted in lower detection using visual surveys. Our results indicate detection should be considered when sampling stygobionts even if using traditional visual surveys. Environmental DNA is a useful tool; however, the limitations we identified indicate eDNA for these taxa currently are not adequate to replace traditional surveys in subterranean environments.","language":"English","publisher":"International Society for Subterranean Biology","doi":"10.3897/subtbiol.39.64279","usgsCitation":"Mouser, J., Brewer, S.K., Niemiller, M., Mollenhauer, M., and Bussche, V.D., 2021, Refining sampling protocols for cavefishes and cave crayfishes to account for environmental variation: Subterranean Biology, v. 39, p. 79-105, https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.39.64279.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"105","ipdsId":"IP-110361","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451795,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.39.64279","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":395698,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Missouri, Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Ozark Highlands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.80078125,\n 35.88905007936091\n ],\n [\n -92.98828125,\n 35.88905007936091\n ],\n [\n -92.98828125,\n 37.3002752813443\n ],\n [\n -95.80078125,\n 37.3002752813443\n ],\n [\n -95.80078125,\n 35.88905007936091\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mouser, J.B.","contributorId":244447,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mouser","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brewer, Shannon K. 0000-0002-1537-3921 skbrewer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1537-3921","contributorId":2252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewer","given":"Shannon","email":"skbrewer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Niemiller, M.L.","contributorId":244448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Niemiller","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[{"id":37195,"text":"The University of Alabama","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mollenhauer, M.","contributorId":244449,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mollenhauer","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bussche, Van Den","contributorId":244450,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bussche","given":"Van","email":"","middleInitial":"Den","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":833759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70224953,"text":"70224953 - 2021 - Assessment of a conservative mixing model for the evaluation of constituent behavior below river confluences, Elqui River Basin, Chile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-11T16:22:31.831914","indexId":"70224953","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-17T11:17:59","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of a conservative mixing model for the evaluation of constituent behavior below river confluences, Elqui River Basin, Chile","docAbstract":"Fate and transport modeling of water-borne contaminants is a data demanding and costly endeavor, requiring considerable expes such, it becomes important to know when a complex modeling approach is required, and when a simpler approach is adequate. This is the main objective herein, where a conservative mixing model is used to characterize the transport of As, Cu, Fe, and SO4. The study area is divided into three sectors, corresponding to the upstream, middle, and downstream portions of the Elqui River Basin, Chile. In Sector 1, acidic conditions result in the conservative transport of constituents that are sourced from acid rock drainage. In Sector 2, pH increases and transport is influenced by pH-dependent reactions and the subsequent settling of the particulate phase. In Sector 3, there are no additional constituent inputs, and the constituents are conservatively transported downstream. Conservative transport within Sector 3 is confirmed through the development of a regression model that provides monthly estimates of SO4 load. Whereas SO4 and Cu concentrations are adequately approximated by the conservative mixing model, estimates of As and Fe concentrations exhibit larger errors, due to the more reactive behavior of these constituents. The fact that the simple, conservative mixing model describes SO4 transport is a valuable result, as this constituent is known to be one of the primary indicators of mining-related contamination in rivers. The approach could also be a useful starting point for further evaluations of the effects of climate change and hydrological variability on the water quality of rivers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.3823","usgsCitation":"Rossi, C., Oyarzun, J., Pasten, P., Runkel, R.L., Núñez, J., Duhalde, D., Maturana, H., Rojas, E., Arumí, J., Castillo, D., and Oyarzun, R., 2021, Assessment of a conservative mixing model for the evaluation of constituent behavior below river confluences, Elqui River Basin, Chile: River Research and Applications, v. 37, no. 7, p. 967-978, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3823.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"967","endPage":"978","ipdsId":"IP-117538","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":390393,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Chile","otherGeospatial":"Elqui River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.4605712890625,\n -30.741835717889778\n ],\n [\n -68.8348388671875,\n -30.741835717889778\n ],\n [\n -68.8348388671875,\n -29.176145182559758\n ],\n [\n -71.4605712890625,\n -29.176145182559758\n ],\n [\n -71.4605712890625,\n -30.741835717889778\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rossi, Catalina","contributorId":267243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rossi","given":"Catalina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":55453,"text":"U. 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La Serena","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Arumí, José L.","contributorId":267250,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arumí","given":"José L.","affiliations":[{"id":49667,"text":"Universidad de Concepción","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Castillo, Daniela","contributorId":267251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castillo","given":"Daniela","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":55455,"text":"Universidad de La Serena","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Oyarzun, Ricardo","contributorId":267252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oyarzun","given":"Ricardo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":55455,"text":"Universidad de La Serena","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70223276,"text":"70223276 - 2021 - Prioritizing restoration areas to conserve multiple sagebrush-associated wildlife species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-20T12:01:22.603183","indexId":"70223276","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-17T10:24:39","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prioritizing restoration areas to conserve multiple sagebrush-associated wildlife species","docAbstract":"Strategic restoration of altered habitat is one method for addressing worldwide biodiversity declines. Within the sagebrush steppe of western North America, habitat degradation has been linked to declines in many species, making restoration a priority for managers; however, limited funding, spatiotemporal variation in restoration success, and the need to manage for diverse wildlife species make decision-making regarding restoration actions challenging. To address the challenge of spatial conservation prioritization, we developed the Prioritizing Restoration of Sagebrush Ecosystems Tool (PReSET). This decision support tool utilizes the prioritizr package in program R and an integer linear programming algorithm to select parcels representing both high biodiversity value and high probability of restoration success. We tested PReSET on a sagebrush steppe system within southwestern Wyoming using distributional data for six species with diverse life histories and a spatial layer of predicted sagebrush recovery times to identify restoration targets at both broad and local scales. While the broad-scale portion of our tool outputs can inform policy, the local-scale results can be applied directly to on-the-ground restoration. We identified restoration priority areas with greater precision than existing spatial prioritizations and incorporated range differences among species. We noted tradeoffs, including that restoring for habitat connectivity may require restoration actions in areas with lower probability of success. Future applications of PReSET will draw from emerging datasets, including spatially-varying economic costs of restoration, animal movement data, and additional species, to further improve our ability to target effective sagebrush restoration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109212","usgsCitation":"Duchardt, C.J., Monroe, A., Heinrichs, J.A., O’Donnell, M.S., Edmunds, D.R., and Aldridge, C.L., 2021, Prioritizing restoration areas to conserve multiple sagebrush-associated wildlife species: Biological Conservation, v. 260, 109212, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109212.","productDescription":"109212, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-126263","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451836,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109212","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VJXJNY","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Spatial layers generated by the Prioritizing Restoration of Sagebrush Ecosystems Tool (PReSET) applied in Southern Wyoming"},{"id":388154,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.083984375,\n 41.07935114946899\n ],\n [\n -106.083984375,\n 42.19596877629178\n ],\n [\n -107.16064453125,\n 42.261049162113856\n ],\n [\n -108.12744140625,\n 41.983994270935625\n ],\n [\n -108.896484375,\n 42.114523952464246\n ],\n [\n -109.75341796875,\n 42.779275360241904\n ],\n [\n -110.32470703125,\n 43.08493742707592\n ],\n [\n -110.89599609375,\n 43.052833917627936\n ],\n [\n -110.98388671874999,\n 42.87596410238256\n ],\n [\n -111.005859375,\n 41.02964338716638\n ],\n [\n -106.083984375,\n 41.07935114946899\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"260","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duchardt, Courtney Jean 0000-0003-4563-0199","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4563-0199","contributorId":264471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duchardt","given":"Courtney","email":"","middleInitial":"Jean","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Monroe, Adrian P. 0000-0003-0934-8225 amonroe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0934-8225","contributorId":152209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monroe","given":"Adrian P.","email":"amonroe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heinrichs, Julie A. 0000-0001-7733-5034 jheinrichs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7733-5034","contributorId":193742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinrichs","given":"Julie","email":"jheinrichs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Donnell, Michael S. 0000-0002-3488-003X odonnellm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3488-003X","contributorId":140876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Michael","email":"odonnellm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Edmunds, David R. 0000-0002-5212-8271 dedmunds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5212-8271","contributorId":152210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edmunds","given":"David","email":"dedmunds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Aldridge, Cameron L. 0000-0003-3926-6941 aldridgec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-6941","contributorId":191773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"Cameron","email":"aldridgec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":821573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70221586,"text":"70221586 - 2021 - Enhanced terrestrial runoff during Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 on the North Carolina Coastal Plain, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-24T14:41:03.659695","indexId":"70221586","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-17T09:29:01","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1250,"text":"Climate of the Past","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enhanced terrestrial runoff during Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 on the North Carolina Coastal Plain, USA","docAbstract":"A global increase in the strength of the hydrologic cycle drove an increase in the flux of terrigenous sediments into the ocean during the Cenomanian–Turonian Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2) and was an important mechanism driving nutrient enrichment and thus organic carbon burial. This global change is primarily known from isotopic records, but global average data do not tell us anything about changes at any particular location. Reconstructions of local terrigenous flux can help us understand the role of regional shifts in precipitation in driving these global trends. The proto-North Atlantic basin was one of the epicenters of enhanced organic carbon burial during OAE2, so constraining terrigenous flux is particularly important in this region; however, few local records exist. Here, we present two new OAE2 records from the Atlantic Coastal Plain of North Carolina, USA, recognized with calcareous nannoplankton biostratigraphy and organic carbon isotopes. We use carbon
In contrast to abrupt changes caused by land cover conversion, subtle changes driven by a shift in the condition, structure, or other biological attributes of land often lead to minimal and slower alterations of the terrestrial surface. Accurate mapping and monitoring of subtle change are crucial for an early warning of long-term gradual change that may eventually result in land cover conversion. Freely accessible moderate-resolution datasets such as the Landsat archive have great potential to characterize subtle change by capturing low-magnitude spectral changes in long-term observations. However, past studies have reported limited success in accurately extracting subtle changes from satellite-based time series analysis. In this study, we introduce a supervised framework named ‘PIDS’ to detect subtle forest disturbance from a comprehensive Landsat data archive by leveraging disturbance-based calibration sites. PIDS consists of four components: (1) Parameter optimization; (2) Index selection; (3) Dynamic stratified monitoring; and (4) Spatial consideration. PIDS was applied to map the early stage of bark beetle infestations (i.e., a lower per-pixel fraction of trees cover that show visual signs of infestation), which are a typical example of subtle change in conifer forests. Landsat Analysis Ready Data were used as the time series inputs for mapping mountain pine beetle and spruce beetle disturbance between 2001 and 2019 in Colorado, USA. PIDS-detection map assessment showed that the overall performance of PIDS (namely ‘F1 score’) was 0.86 for mountain pine beetle and 0.73 for spruce beetle, making a substantial improvement (> 0.3) compared to other approaches/products including COntinuous monitoring of Land Disturbance, LandTrendr, and the National Land Cover Database forest disturbance product. A sub-pixel analysis of tree canopy mortality percentage was performed by linking classified high-resolution (0.3- and 1-m) aerial imagery and 30-m PIDS-detection maps. Results show that PIDS typically detects mountain pine beetle infestation when ≥56% of a Landsat pixel is occupied by red-stage canopy mortality (one year after initial infestation), and spruce beetle infestation when ≥55% is occupied by gray-stage mortality (two years after initial infestation). This study addresses an important methodological goal pertinent to the utility of event-based reference samples for detecting subtle forest change, which could be potentially applied to other types of subtle land change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2021.112560","usgsCitation":"Ye, S., Rogan, J., Zhu, Z., Hawbaker, T., Hart, S., Andrus, R.A., Meddens, A.J., Hicke, J.A., Eastman, J.R., and Kulakowski, D., 2021, Detecting subtle change from dense landsat time series: Case studies of mountain pine beetle and spruce beetle disturbance: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 263, 112560, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112560.","productDescription":"112560, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-124774","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488056,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112560","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":386642,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.0283203125,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -106.14990234375,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -106.14990234375,\n 40.91351257612758\n ],\n [\n -109.0283203125,\n 40.91351257612758\n ],\n [\n -109.0283203125,\n 37.020098201368114\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"263","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ye, Su","contributorId":260471,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ye","given":"Su","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24788,"text":"Clark University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogan, John","contributorId":260472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rogan","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":24788,"text":"Clark University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhu, Zhe","contributorId":260473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhe","affiliations":[{"id":36710,"text":"University of Connecticut","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hawbaker, Todd 0000-0003-0930-9154 tjhawbaker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0930-9154","contributorId":568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawbaker","given":"Todd","email":"tjhawbaker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hart, Sarah J.","contributorId":260474,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hart","given":"Sarah J.","affiliations":[{"id":18002,"text":"University of Wisconsin - Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Andrus, Robert A.","contributorId":260475,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Andrus","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37380,"text":"Washington State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Meddens, Arjan J.H.","contributorId":260476,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meddens","given":"Arjan","middleInitial":"J.H.","affiliations":[{"id":37380,"text":"Washington State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hicke, Jeffery A.","contributorId":260477,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hicke","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36394,"text":"University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Eastman, J. Ronald","contributorId":260480,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eastman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ronald","affiliations":[{"id":24788,"text":"Clark University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kulakowski, Dominik","contributorId":260482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kulakowski","given":"Dominik","affiliations":[{"id":24788,"text":"Clark University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70224560,"text":"70224560 - 2021 - Most rivers and streams run dry every year","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-27T15:42:29.095205","indexId":"70224560","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-16T10:39:40","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Most rivers and streams run dry every year","docAbstract":"The flowing waters of surface rivers and streams efficiently transport sediment, organic material and nutrients, among other things, from hillsides and overland areas to downstream lakes, reservoirs and the ocean. Along the way, rivers and streams (hereafter referred to collectively as streams) provide important resources for our communities and support rich, complex ecosystems. Non-perennial streams, which do not flow year-round, are crucial in this context. However, because non-perennial streams are less reliable sources of surface water than perennial ones, they are less-well studied than their perennial counterparts. Writing in Nature, Messager et al.1 provide a much-needed estimate of the total proportion of the world’s stream network, by length, that is non-perennial — and find that most fall into this category.
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