The State of Texas has the largest land area of any in the contiguous United States, and its sprawling landscapes show rich geographic diversity. The Lone Star State has cactus flats in the high plains of its far western panhandle, rolling hills in its western Trans-Pecos region, farms and ranchlands stretching across central Texas, thick forests and swamplands spread through the east, and 3,359 miles of Gulf of America coastline. The consistent, reliable, and historically unique Landsat data archive provides an important tool for Texans to track landscape changes and enhance their economy and environment.
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\"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0: March 30, 2021; Version 1.1: October 17, 2022; Version 1.2: March 19, 2025","contact":"Program Coordinator, National Land Imaging Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
The role of pyrogenic carbon (PyC) in the global carbon cycle is still incompletely characterized. Much work has been done to characterize PyC on landforms and in soils where it originates or in “terminal” reservoirs such as marine sediments. Less is known about intermediate reservoirs such as streams and rivers, and few studies have characterized hillslope and in-stream erosion control structures (ECS) designed to capture soils and sediments destabilized by wildfire. In this preliminary study, organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (N), and stable isotope parameters, δ13C and δ15N, were compared to assess opportunities for carbon and nitrogen sequestration in postwildfire sediments (fluvents) deposited upgradient of ECS in ephemeral- and intermittent-stream channels. The variability of OC, N, δ13C, and δ15N were analyzed in conjunction with fire history, age of captured sediments, topographic position, and land cover. Comparison of samples in 2 watersheds indicates higher OC and N in ECS with more recently captured sediments located downstream of areas with higher burn severity. This is likely a consequence of (1) higher burn severity causing greater runoff, erosion, and transport of OC (organic matter) to ECS and (2) greater cumulative loss of OC and N in older sediments stored behind older ECS. In addition, C/N, δ13C, and δ15N results suggest that organic matter in sediments stored at older ECS are enriched in microbially processed biomass relative to those at newer ECS. We conservatively estimated the potential mean annual capture of OC by ECS, using values from the watershed with lower levels of OC, to be 3 to 4 metric tons, with a total potential storage of 293 to 368 metric tons in a watershed of 7.7 km2 and total area of 2000 ECS estimated at 2.6 ha (203-255 metric tons/ha). We extrapolated the OC results to the regional level (southwest USA) to estimate the potential for carbon sequestration using these practices. We estimated a potential of 0.01 Pg, which is significant in terms of ecosystem services and regional efforts to promote carbon storage.
This study investigates sedimentary and geomorphic processes in eastern Chuckwalla Valley, Riverside County, California, a region of arid, basin-and-range terrain where extensive solar-energy development is planned. The objectives of this study were to (1) measure local weather parameters and use them to model aeolian sediment-transport potential; (2) identify surface sedimentary characteristics in representative localities; and (3) evaluate long-term landscape evolution rates and processes by analyzing stratigraphy in combination with luminescence geochronology.
The new stratigraphic and geochronologic data presented in this report demonstrate the varying local significance of aeolian, alluvial fan, lacustrine (playa), and possibly Colorado River influence over a range of time scales. The dominant sand-transport direction in eastern Chuckwalla Valley is toward the northeast, consistent with the recognized regional west-to-east wind direction. However, occasional strong wind events from the north can transport large quantities of sand southward and temporarily reshape local geomorphic features. Influence of a northwest wind direction is also locally dominant around mountain ranges and controls the modern morphology of the Palen dune field. Modeled sand fluxes are on the order of 105 kilograms per meter width per year at the site of weather monitoring, 5 kilometers northwest of the Mule Mountains. Aeolian dunes are locally well developed and actively migrating. Their location and activity are determined largely by sediment supply from playa surfaces and ephemeral stream channels, which also control the dunes’ spatial extent and migration potential; stream channels act as both source and sink for aeolian sediment in this environment.
Excavations at five sites along a northwest-to-southeast transect reveal that playa deposits formed around 266–226 thousand years ago south of the McCoy Mountains and immediately north of the present location of Interstate 10. The playa material is overlain by late Pleistocene to Holocene alluvial fan deposits. To the southeast (south of Interstate 10, but north of the Mule Mountains), we identified rapid accumulation of alluvial sediment around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum (23–20 thousand years ago), unconformably overlain by a locally varying assemblage of recent aeolian material or Holocene alluvial fan sediment. We have used stratigraphic characteristics and luminescence ages to calculate accumulation rates for sites in eastern Chuckwalla Valley, and thereby to identify spatial variation in landscape stability over decadal and longer time scales.
If future solar-energy development plans are to include natural sand-transport corridors, plans would entail retaining the ability for sand to be transported eastward from the ephemeral stream channels and playas that supply sediment to the dunes, sand sheets, and sand ramps of Chuckwalla Valley, and also to allow for southward transport during episodic strong weather events several times per year. The aeolian sediment-transport corridors are dynamic spatially and temporally, reorganizing on the basis of seasonal changes to wind drift potential. Future landscape stability also will be determined by climate-driven changes to vegetation and thereby to aeolian sediment availability. In a warmer, drier climate, aeolian sediment activity is expected to increase, owing to a decrease in stabilizing vegetation cover and more extreme rain that supplies sediment to ephemeral stream channels and playas from which it is remobilized by wind.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20215017","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"East, A.E., Gray, H.J., Redsteer, M.H., and Ballmer, M., 2021, Landscape evolution in eastern Chuckwalla Valley, Riverside County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5017, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215017.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 46 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-124276","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science 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Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
Brittle fragmentation, generating small pyroclasts from magma, is a key process determining eruptive style. How low-viscosity magma fragments within a rising fountain in a brittle manner, however, is not well understood. Here we describe a fragmentation process in Hawaiian fountains on the basis of observations from the 2018 lower East Rift Zone eruption of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai’i. The dominant fragmentation mechanism is inertia driven and produces a population of large fluidal pyroclasts. However, when sufficient volcanic gas is released in the fountain, a subpopulation of smaller and more vesicular pyroclasts is generated and entrained into the gas-dominant convective plume. The size distribution of these pyroclasts is similar to that of brittlely fragmented solid materials. The erupted high-vesicularity pyroclasts sometimes preserve a deformed shape. These observations suggest that late-stage rapid expansion lowers the gas temperature adiabatically and cools the outer surface of liquid pyroclasts below the glass transition temperature. The rigid crust fragments as the hot interior attempts to expand due to further volatile diffusion from the melt into bubbles. Adiabatic expansion of volcanic gas occurs in all eruptions. Brittle fragmentation induced by rapid adiabatic cooling may be a widespread process, although of varying importance, in explosive eruptions.
Spatiotemporally continuous estimates of the hydrologic cycle are often generated through hydrologic modeling, reanalysis, or remote sensing (RS) methods and are commonly applied as a supplement to, or a substitute for, in situ measurements when observational data are sparse or unavailable. This study compares estimates of precipitation (P), actual evapotranspiration (ET), runoff (R), snow water equivalent (SWE), and soil moisture (SM) from 87 unique data sets generated by 47 hydrologic models, reanalysis data sets, and remote sensing products across the conterminous United States (CONUS). Uncertainty between hydrologic component estimates was shown to be high in the western CONUS, with median uncertainty (measured as the coefficient of variation) ranging from 11 % to 21 % for P, 14 % to 26 % for ET, 28 % to 82 % for R, 76 % to 84 % for SWE, and 36 % to 96 % for SM. Uncertainty between estimates was lower in the eastern CONUS, with medians ranging from 5 % to 14 % for P, 13 % to 22 % for ET, 28 % to 82 % for R, 53 % to 63 % for SWE, and 42 % to 83 % for SM. Interannual trends in estimates from 1982 to 2010 show common disagreement in R, SWE, and SM. Correlating fluxes and stores against remote-sensing-derived products show poor overall correlation in the western CONUS for ET and SM estimates. Study results show that disagreement between estimates can be substantial, sometimes exceeding the magnitude of the measurements themselves. The authors conclude that multimodel ensembles are not only useful but are in fact a necessity for accurately representing uncertainty in research results. Spatial biases of model disagreement values in the western United States show that targeted research efforts in arid and semiarid water-limited regions are warranted, with the greatest emphasis on storage and runoff components, to better describe complexities of the terrestrial hydrologic system and reconcile model disagreement.
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wells at the Stringfellow Superfund site in Jurupa Valley, California, in 2017","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency are developing analytical tools to assess the representativeness of groundwater samples from fractured-rock aquifers. As part of this effort, monitoring wells from the Stringfellow Superfund site in Jurupa Valley in Riverside County, California, approximately 50 miles east of Los Angeles, were field tested to collect information to assist in the evaluation and application of in-well flow as computed by the analytical model called the Purge Analyzer Tool, which computes in-well groundwater travel times for simple piston transport of inflowing groundwater from open intervals of a monitoring well to the pump intake and can provide insight into optimal purging parameters (duration, rate, and pump position) needed for the collection of representative groundwater samples. Field testing of wells included hydraulic, chemistry, and dye tracer analysis to investigate travel times in wells under pumping conditions. The Purge Analyzer Tool was able to replicate dye velocities (travel times) for one of three wells that had appreciable inflow from the aquifer but not the other two wells, which are screened in low-permeability sediments and rock, where flow was dominated by borehole storage. A set of criteria was established to help assess the ability to collect representative groundwater chemistry from monitoring wells; criteria included understanding the height of the static well water column and relative exchange rate between the aquifer and the well.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Harte, P.T., Perina, T., Becher, K., Levine, H., Rojas-Mickelson, D., Walther, L., and Brown, A., 2021, Evaluation and application of the Purge Analyzer Tool (PAT) to determine in-well flow and purge criteria for sampling monitoring wells at the Stringfellow Superfund site in Jurupa Valley, California, in 2017: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5140, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205140.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 54 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-103064","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384640,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191104","text":"Open-File Report 2019–1104","linkHelpText":"- Instructions for Running the Analytical Code PAT (Purge Analyzer Tool) for Computation of In-Well Time of Travel of Groundwater under Pumping Conditions"},{"id":384639,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CGINH0","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data associated with the evaluation of the PAT (Purge Analyzer Tool), Stringfellow Superfund site, Jurupa Valley, California, 2017"},{"id":384641,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5140/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":384642,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5140/sir20205140.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.07 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020-5140"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Jurupa Valley","otherGeospatial":"Stringfellow Superfund Site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.47066974639893,\n 34.019585556900935\n ],\n [\n -117.45178699493408,\n 34.019585556900935\n ],\n [\n -117.45178699493408,\n 34.03078943899101\n ],\n [\n -117.47066974639893,\n 34.03078943899101\n ],\n [\n -117.47066974639893,\n 34.019585556900935\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
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10 Bearfoot Road
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The San Andreas fault has the highest calculated time-dependent probability for large-magnitude earthquakes in southern California. However, where the fault is multistranded east of the Los Angeles metropolitan area, it has been uncertain which strand has the fastest slip rate and, therefore, which has the highest probability of a destructive earthquake. Reconstruction of offset Pleistocene-Holocene landforms dated using the uranium-thorium soil carbonate and beryllium-10 surface exposure techniques indicates slip rates of 24.1 ± 3 millimeter per year for the San Andreas fault, with 21.6 ± 2 and 2.5 ± 1 millimeters per year for the Mission Creek and Banning strands, respectively. These data establish the Mission Creek strand as the primary fault bounding the Pacific and North American plates at this latitude and imply that 6 to 9 meters of elastic strain has accumulated along the fault since the most recent surface-rupturing earthquake, highlighting the potential for large earthquakes along this strand.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.aaz5691","usgsCitation":"Blisniuk, K., Scharer, K., Sharp, W., Burgmann, R., Amos, C., and Rymer, M., 2021, A revised position for the primary strand of the Pleistocene-Holocene San Andreas fault in southern California: Science Advances, v. 7, eaaz5691, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz5691.","productDescription":"eaaz5691, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-111194","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz5691","text":"External Repository"},{"id":406838,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.21612548828124,\n 33.527658137677335\n ],\n [\n -116.004638671875,\n 33.71748624018193\n ],\n [\n -116.8011474609375,\n 34.21634468843463\n ],\n [\n -116.971435546875,\n 33.93880275084578\n ],\n [\n -116.21612548828124,\n 33.527658137677335\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blisniuk, Kim","contributorId":296614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blisniuk","given":"Kim","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24620,"text":"San Jose State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scharer, Katherine M. 0000-0003-2811-2496","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2811-2496","contributorId":217361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scharer","given":"Katherine M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sharp, Warren","contributorId":295386,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sharp","given":"Warren","affiliations":[{"id":38176,"text":"Berkeley Geochronology Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burgmann, Roland 0000-0002-3560-044X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3560-044X","contributorId":264610,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burgmann","given":"Roland","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54514,"text":"Berkeley Seismological Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Amos, Colin","contributorId":196408,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amos","given":"Colin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rymer, Michael 0000-0002-5429-5073 mrymer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5429-5073","contributorId":220757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rymer","given":"Michael","email":"mrymer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70222461,"text":"70222461 - 2021 - Genetic structure of Maryland Brook Trout populations: Management implications for a threatened species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-14T16:37:31.761678","indexId":"70222461","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-23T08:49:35","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic structure of Maryland Brook Trout populations: Management implications for a threatened species","docAbstract":"Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis have declined across their native range due to multiple anthropogenic factors, including landscape alteration and climate change. Although coldwater streams in Maryland (eastern United States) historically supported significant Brook Trout populations, only fragmented remnant populations remain, with the exception of the upper Savage River watershed in western Maryland. Using microsatellite data from 38 collections, we defined genetic relationships of Brook Trout populations in Maryland drainages. Microsatellite analyses of Brook Trout indicated the presence of five major discrete units defined as the Youghiogheny (Ohio), Susquehanna, Patapsco/Gunpowder, Catoctin, and Upper Potomac, with a distinct genetic subunit present in the Savage River (upper Potomac). We did not observe evidence for widespread hatchery introgression with native Brook Trout. However, genetic effects due to fragmentation were evident in several Maryland Brook Trout populations, resulting in erosion of diversity that may have negative implications for their future persistence. Our current study supplements an increasing body of evidence that Brook Trout populations in Maryland are highly susceptible to multiple anthropogenic stresses, and many populations may be extirpated in the near future. Future management efforts focused on habitat protection and potential stream restoration, coupled with a comprehensive assessment framework that includes genetic considerations, may provide the best outlook for Brook Trout populations in Maryland.
Dynamic strains have never played a role in determining local earthquake magnitudes, which are routinely set by displacement waveforms from seismic instrumentation (e.g., ML). We present a magnitude scale for local earthquakes based on broadband dynamic strain waveforms. This scale is derived from the peak root‐mean‐squared strains (A) in 4589 records of dynamic strain associated with 365 crustal earthquakes and 77 borehole strainmeters along the Pacific‐North American plate boundary on the west coast of the United States and Canada. In this data set, catalog moment magnitudes range from 3.5≤Mw≤7.2, and hypocentral distances range from 6≤R≤500 km. The 1D representation of geometrical spreading and attenuation of A common to all strain data is logA0(R)=−0.00072R−1.45log(R). After correcting for instrument gain, site terms, and event terms, the magnitude scale, MDS=log A−log A0(R)−log(3×10−9), scales as ≈0.92Mw with a residual standard deviation of 0.19. This close association with Mw holds for events east of the −124° meridian; west of this boundary, however, a constant correction of 0.41 is needed to adjust for additional along‐path attenuation effects. As a check on the accuracy of this magnitude scale, we apply it to dynamic strain records from three strainmeters located in the near field of the 2019 M 6.4 and 7.1 Ridgecrest earthquakes. Results from these six records are in agreement to within 0.5 magnitude units, and five out of six records are in agreement to within 0.34 units.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120200360","usgsCitation":"Barbour, A.J., Langbein, J.O., and Farghal, N.S., 2021, Earthquake magnitudes from dynamic strain: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 111, no. 3, p. 1325-1346, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120200360.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1325","endPage":"1346","ipdsId":"IP-115521","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384928,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"California, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"British Columbia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.19140625,\n 33.358061612778876\n ],\n [\n -119.00390625,\n 35.60371874069731\n ],\n [\n -121.81640624999999,\n 39.842286020743394\n ],\n [\n -122.34374999999999,\n 45.583289756006316\n ],\n [\n -122.431640625,\n 47.989921667414194\n ],\n [\n -122.34374999999999,\n 51.01375465718821\n ],\n [\n -126.73828125,\n 51.998410382390325\n ],\n [\n -129.814453125,\n 50.792047064406866\n ],\n [\n -126.474609375,\n 46.619261036171515\n ],\n [\n -125.41992187499999,\n 40.84706035607122\n ],\n [\n -122.958984375,\n 35.17380831799959\n ],\n [\n -119.267578125,\n 32.39851580247402\n ],\n [\n -117.0703125,\n 31.80289258670676\n ],\n [\n -116.19140625,\n 33.358061612778876\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"111","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barbour, Andrew J. 0000-0002-6890-2452 abarbour@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6890-2452","contributorId":197158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbour","given":"Andrew","email":"abarbour@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langbein, John O. 0000-0002-7821-8101 langbein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7821-8101","contributorId":3293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"John","email":"langbein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farghal, Noha Sameh Ahmed 0000-0001-8423-5066","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8423-5066","contributorId":237040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farghal","given":"Noha","email":"","middleInitial":"Sameh Ahmed","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70219056,"text":"ofr20211017 - 2021 - Distribution, abundance, and genomic diversity of the endangered antioch dunes evening primrose (Oenothera deltoides subsp. howellii) surveyed in 2019","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-08T21:27:20.542124","indexId":"ofr20211017","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-22T12:28:10","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-1017","displayTitle":"Distribution, Abundance, and Genomic Diversity of the Endangered Antioch Dunes Evening Primrose (Oenothera deltoides subsp. howellii) Surveyed in 2019","title":"Distribution, abundance, and genomic diversity of the endangered antioch dunes evening primrose (Oenothera deltoides subsp. howellii) surveyed in 2019","docAbstract":"Sand dune ecosystems are highly dynamic landforms found along coastlines and riverine deltas where a supply of sand-sized material is available to be delivered by aquatic and wind environments. These unique ecosystems provide habitat for a variety of endemic and rare plant and animal species. Sand dunes have been affected by human development, sand mining, and shoreline stabilization from invasive weeds. This report provides a summary of a comprehensive literature review, field survey, and genomic analysis for the Antioch Dunes evening primrose (Oenothera deltoides subsp. howellii, hereafter howellii), an endemic species to the San Francisco Bay-Delta, California, which was listed as a federally endangered subspecies in 1978. Howellii is found on a historic dune sheet (the Antioch sand sheet) near the confluence of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers. The Antioch sand sheet has been greatly altered by sand mining and land conversion into agriculture and urban development. In chapter A, we describe results of the literature review and field survey. We found howellii at eight locations with over 90 percent of the adult population and nearly 99 percent of juveniles observed on the Antioch Dunes National Wildlife Refuge. We measured a negative relationship between howellii numbers and invasive weed cover, illustrating the importance of mobilized open sand for this species. In chapter B, we describe the genomic study results. We surveyed genomic diversity by using double-digest restriction-site associated sequencing to estimate population genetic structure and levels of diversity across all surveyed occurrences. The genomic analyses included outgroup samples of the closely related Oenothera deltoides subsp. cognata and three occurrences of an unknown taxon with intermediate morphology to cognata and howellii, which also occurs on the Antioch sand sheet, east of the Antioch Dunes National Wildlife Refuge. These three morphologically distinctive groups formed genetically distinctive clusters and well-supported monophyletic clades in clustering and phylogenetic analyses, respectively. There was no indication of recent hybridization among any of the groups. Among howellii occurrences, the Antioch Dunes National Wildlife Refuge contained the greatest genetic diversity. Our approach, which combined field surveys, habitat assessments, and genetic analyses, can provide useful information for the conservation and management of rare and at-risk plant species and highlights the uniqueness of the Antioch sand sheet floral diversity through the discovery of a putative new taxon within the bird-cage evening primrose species complex.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211017","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Friends of San Pablo Bay National Wildlife Refuge","usgsCitation":"Thorne, K.M., and Vandergast, A.G., 2021, Distribution, abundance, and genomic diversity of the endangered Antioch Dunes evening-primrose (Oenothera deltoides subsp. howellii) surveyed in 2019: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1017, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211017.","productDescription":"vi, 40 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-124754","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436447,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P93VYTF5","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Oenothera deltoides Genotype Data from Contra Costa County, California in 2019"},{"id":384604,"rank":5,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1017/ofr20211017_chB_app2.csv","text":"Chapter B Appendix 2","size":"4 KB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"}},{"id":384550,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1017/ofr20211017.xml"},{"id":384549,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1017/images"},{"id":384548,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1017/ofr20211017.pdf","text":"Report","size":"35 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":384547,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1017/covrthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.89605712890624,\n 37.97018468810549\n ],\n [\n -121.6241455078125,\n 37.97018468810549\n ],\n [\n -121.6241455078125,\n 38.11727165830543\n ],\n [\n -121.89605712890624,\n 38.11727165830543\n ],\n [\n -121.89605712890624,\n 37.97018468810549\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
The United States Geological Survey (USGS) National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM) is the scientific foundation of seismic design regulations in the United States and is regularly updated to consider the best available science and data. The 2018 update of the conterminous US NSHM includes major changes to the underlying ground motion models (GMMs). Most of the changes are motivated by the new multi-period response spectra requirements of seismic design regulations that use hazard results for 22 spectral periods and 8 site classes. In the central and eastern United States (CEUS), the 2018 NSHM incorporates 31 new GMMs for hard-rock site conditions
The University of Kentucky (U KY) has owned Robinson Forest (37.460723° N, 83.158598° W) since 1923, conducting experiments crucial to understanding the environmental effects of land management in the region. Part of the management of Robinson Forest has been collection of environmental data, including precipitation quantity, bulk‐deposition chemistry, streamflow, stream‐water chemistry, and air and stream temperature. Over the years, these data have been collected and archived using various technologies and have been mostly inaccessible for research use – unedited and uncompiled, scattered across several spreadsheets and paper records. Through a partnership between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and U KY, daily precipitation data for six stations and stream data from four watersheds in Robinson Forest have been compiled for 1971–2018, checked for transcription errors, and annotated for changes in methodologies. These data are available as a USGS data release at https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FPLG1O. Improved accessibility of this data set provides an important research resource for understanding water quality in minimally effected forests in the region. Preliminary results indicate that these data present a valuable opportunity to evaluate linkages among atmospheric deposition and stream chemistry, the effects of environmental policy, such as the Clean Air Act, and effects from nearby land disturbance in the form of surface mining. Furthermore, these data fill a geographic and physiographic gap in what is available to examine deposition and streamflow patterns over the last 45 years, supplementing those long‐term records of research sites in northern (e.g., Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest), central (e.g., Fernow Experimental Forest) and southern Appalachia (e.g., Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory). As an oasis in the midst of significant surface mining activity, Robinson Forest presents a unique opportunity to understand environmental conditions characteristic of minimally disturbed forests similar to pre‐mining conditions in the Central Appalachian region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.14133","usgsCitation":"Sena, K., Barton, C.D., and Williamson, T.N., 2021, The Robinson Forest environmental monitoring network: Long‐term evaluation of streamflow and precipitation quantity and stream‐water and bulk deposition chemistry in eastern Kentucky watersheds: Hydrological Processes, v. 35, no. 4, e14133, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14133.","productDescription":"e14133, 6 p.","ipdsId":"IP-122607","costCenters":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385638,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","otherGeospatial":"southeast Kentucky","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.27636718749999,\n 36.756490329505176\n ],\n [\n -81.36474609375,\n 36.756490329505176\n ],\n [\n -81.36474609375,\n 37.82280243352756\n ],\n [\n -83.27636718749999,\n 37.82280243352756\n ],\n [\n -83.27636718749999,\n 36.756490329505176\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sena, Kenton 0000-0003-1822-9375","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1822-9375","contributorId":258046,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sena","given":"Kenton","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12425,"text":"University of Kentucky","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barton, Chris D. 0000-0003-0692-3079","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0692-3079","contributorId":236883,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barton","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12425,"text":"University of Kentucky","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williamson, Tanja N. 0000-0002-7639-8495 tnwillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7639-8495","contributorId":198329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"Tanja","email":"tnwillia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70219101,"text":"70219101 - 2021 - Dating fault damage along the eastern Denali fault zone with hematite (U-Th)/He thermochronometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-25T11:47:28.121179","indexId":"70219101","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-19T07:19:35","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dating fault damage along the eastern Denali fault zone with hematite (U-Th)/He thermochronometry","docAbstract":"Unraveling complex slip histories in fault damage zones to understand relations among deformation, hydrothermal alteration, and surface uplift remains a challenge. The dextral eastern Denali fault zone (EDFZ; southwest Yukon, Canada) bounds the Kluane Ranges and hosts a variety of fault-related rocks, including hematite fault surfaces, which have been exhumed through the brittle regime over a protracted period of geologic time. Scanning electron microscopy-based microtextural observations and hematite (U-Th)/He (hematite He) thermochronometry from these surfaces indicate multiple generations of foliated, high-aspect ratio hematite plates. Single-aliquot hematite He dates (
Recent production of light sweet oil has prompted reevaluation of Devonian petroleum systems in the central Appalachian Basin. Upper Devonian Ohio Shale (lower Huron Member) and Middle Devonian Marcellus Shale organic-rich source rocks from eastern Ohio and nearby areas were examined using organic petrography and geochemical analysis of solvent extracts to test ideas related to organic matter sources, oil–source rock correlation, thermal maturity, and distances of petroleum migration. The data from these analyses indicate organic matter in the Ohio and Marcellus Shales primarily was derived from marine algae and its degradation products, including bacterial biomass. Absence of odd-over-even n-alkane distributions (n-C13 to n-C21 range) in gas chromatograms and low gammacerane index values in Devonian source rocks are similar to those of Devonian-reservoired oils in eastern Ohio, suggesting an oil–source rock correlation. Lower Paleozoic oils from eastern Ohio, in contrast, are characterized by the presence of odd-over-even n-alkane distributions (n-C13 to n-C21 range) and higher gammacerane values, which discriminate them from Devonian shale-derived oils. Thermal maturity estimates from equilibrium(?) biomarker isomerization ratios suggest that some of the Devonian source rock samples are at middle to peak oil window conditions (i.e., approximate vitrinite reflectance values of 0.8%–0.9%). This observation requires local to short-distance (<50 mi) lateral migration for emplacement of Devonian-sourced oils into Devonian reservoirs of eastern Ohio and may impact exploration and assessment of petroleum resources in the Upper Devonian Berea Sandstone.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/08192019076","usgsCitation":"Hackley, P.C., and Ryder, R.T., 2021, Organic geochemistry and petrology of Devonian shale in eastern Ohio: Implications for petroleum systems assessment: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 105, no. 3, p. 543-573, https://doi.org/10.1306/08192019076.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"543","endPage":"573","ipdsId":"IP-099052","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384494,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Eastern and central Ohio","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.57373046875,\n 41.97582726102573\n ],\n [\n -82.06787109374999,\n 41.5579215778042\n ],\n [\n -82.85888671875,\n 41.46742831254425\n ],\n [\n -82.94677734375,\n 40.763901280945866\n ],\n [\n -82.90283203125,\n 39.791654835253425\n ],\n [\n -82.935791015625,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -82.68310546875,\n 38.831149809348744\n ],\n [\n -82.584228515625,\n 40.17887331434696\n ],\n [\n -82.59521484375,\n 41.1455697310095\n ],\n [\n -80.518798828125,\n 41.73852846935917\n ],\n [\n -80.57373046875,\n 41.97582726102573\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"105","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryder, Robert T. rryder@usgs.gov","contributorId":211801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryder","given":"Robert","email":"rryder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70219029,"text":"70219029 - 2021 - Organic petrology and geochemistry of the Sunbury and Ohio Shales in eastern Kentucky and southeastern Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-22T11:51:52.617715","indexId":"70219029","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-19T07:03:17","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":605,"text":"AAPG Bulletin","printIssn":"0149-1423","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organic petrology and geochemistry of the Sunbury and Ohio Shales in eastern Kentucky and southeastern Ohio","docAbstract":"As part of a study to determine the origin of oil and gas in the Berea Sandstone in northeastern Kentucky and southeastern Ohio, 158 samples of organic-rich shale from the Upper Devonian Olentangy and Ohio Shales and the Lower Mississippian Sunbury Shale, collectively referred to as the “black shale,” were collected and analyzed from 12 cores. The samples were analyzed for total organic carbon (TOC) content, organic petrography, and programmed pyrolysis. Previously acquired analytical data for 11 samples from 2 additional wells in eastern Kentucky were also used.
Most of the samples were organic rich (>5 wt. % TOC), high in sulfur (>2.0 wt. %), and dominated by liptinite macerals. The vitrinite reflectance (VRo) and equivalent vitrinite reflectance (VReq) values, calculated from bitumen reflectance (BRo) measurements, were found to be in close agreement. The calculated reflectance values from programmed pyrolysis temperature at which the maximum release of hydrocarbons occurs (Tmax) showed better agreement with measured VRo after Tmax was corrected for excessive hydrogen index values for several samples. Thermal maturation parameters were found to increase in a northwest–southeast direction, paralleling an increase in black shale thickness and depth of burial. The thermal maturity proxies indicate the northwestern part of the study area to be more thermally mature than previously indicated. Geochemical and biomarker data from Berea oils indicate migration of oil from more thermally mature to less thermally mature areas. As such, the occurrence of petroleum liquids in the Berea Sandstone cannot be predicted directly from conventional thermal maturity proxies (Tmax, VRo, and BRo) because these methods do not account for migrated petroleum.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/09242019089","usgsCitation":"Eble, C.F., Hackley, P.C., Parris, T.M., and Greb, S.F., 2021, Organic petrology and geochemistry of the Sunbury and Ohio Shales in eastern Kentucky and southeastern Ohio: AAPG Bulletin, v. 105, no. 3, p. 493-515, https://doi.org/10.1306/09242019089.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"493","endPage":"515","ipdsId":"IP-100494","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384493,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio, Kentucky","otherGeospatial":"Eastern Kentucky and southeastern Ohio","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.814453125,\n 39.21523130910491\n ],\n [\n -84.990234375,\n 37.49229399862877\n ],\n [\n -82.41943359375,\n 37.31775185163688\n ],\n [\n -81.93603515625,\n 37.579412513438385\n ],\n [\n -82.6171875,\n 38.09998264736481\n ],\n [\n -82.50732421875,\n 38.788345355085625\n ],\n [\n -82.4853515625,\n 39.605688178320804\n ],\n [\n -84.83642578125,\n 39.740986355883564\n ],\n [\n -84.814453125,\n 39.21523130910491\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"105","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eble, Cortland F.","contributorId":255518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eble","given":"Cortland","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":51568,"text":"Kentucky Geological Survey, U. of Kentucky","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parris, Thomas M.","contributorId":255526,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parris","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40489,"text":"Kentucky Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Greb, Stephen F.","contributorId":255517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greb","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":51568,"text":"Kentucky Geological Survey, U. of Kentucky","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70219034,"text":"70219034 - 2021 - Oil–source correlation studies in the shallow Berea Sandstone petroleum system, eastern Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-22T11:52:22.896868","indexId":"70219034","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-19T06:49:52","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oil–source correlation studies in the shallow Berea Sandstone petroleum system, eastern Kentucky","docAbstract":"Shallow production of sweet high-gravity oil from the Upper Devonian Berea Sandstone in northeastern Kentucky has caused the region to become the leading oil producer in the state. Potential nearby source rocks, namely, the overlying Mississippian Sunbury Shale and underlying Ohio Shale, are immature for commercial oil generation according to vitrinite reflectance and programmed pyrolysis analyses. We used organic geochemical measurements from Berea oils and solvent extracts from potential Upper Devonian–Mississippian source rocks to better understand organic matter sources, oil–oil and oil–source rock correlations, and thermal maturity in the shallow Berea oil play. Multiple geochemical proxies suggest Berea oils are from one family and from similar source rocks. Oils and organic matter in the potential source rocks are from a marine source based on pristane-to-phytane (Pr/Ph) and terrestrial-to-aquatic ratios, carbon preference index values, n-alkane maxima, C-isotopic composition, and tricyclic terpane and hopane ratios. Any or all of the Devonian to Mississippian black shale source rocks could be potential source rocks for Berea oils based on similarities in oil and solvent extract Pr/n-C17 and Ph/n-C18 ratios, sterane distributions, C-isotopic values, and sterane/hopane and tricyclic terpane ratios. Multiple biomarker ratios suggest Berea oils formed at thermal maturities of approximately 0.7% –0.9% vitrinite reflectance. These data require significant updip lateral migration of 30–50 mi from a downdip Devonian black shale source kitchen to emplace low-sulfur oils in the shallow updip oil-play area and indicate that immature source rocks nearby to Berea oil production are not contributing to produced hydrocarbons.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/08192019077","usgsCitation":"Hackley, P.C., Parris, T., Eble, C.F., Greb, S.F., and Harris, D., 2021, Oil–source correlation studies in the shallow Berea Sandstone petroleum system, eastern Kentucky: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 105, no. 3, p. 517-542, https://doi.org/10.1306/08192019077.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"517","endPage":"542","ipdsId":"IP-098811","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384491,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","otherGeospatial":"Northeast Kentucky","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.671875,\n 38.74551518488265\n ],\n [\n -83.81469726562499,\n 37.95286091815649\n ],\n [\n -83.001708984375,\n 37.448696585910376\n ],\n [\n -82.2216796875,\n 37.709899354855125\n ],\n [\n -82.562255859375,\n 38.05674222065296\n ],\n [\n -82.562255859375,\n 38.47079371120379\n ],\n [\n -82.90283203125,\n 38.805470223177466\n ],\n [\n -83.177490234375,\n 38.62545397209084\n ],\n [\n -83.671875,\n 38.74551518488265\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"105","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parris, T.M.","contributorId":255535,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parris","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40489,"text":"Kentucky Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eble, C. F.","contributorId":255536,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eble","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":40489,"text":"Kentucky Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Greb, S. F.","contributorId":255538,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greb","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":40489,"text":"Kentucky Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harris, D.C.","contributorId":255540,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harris","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40489,"text":"Kentucky Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70222545,"text":"70222545 - 2021 - Mixed evidence for biotic homogenization of southern Appalachian fish communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-01T15:42:11.986155","indexId":"70222545","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-18T06:52:07","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mixed evidence for biotic homogenization of southern Appalachian fish communities","docAbstract":"The 2018 eruption on the lower East Rift Zone of Kīlauea Volcano produced one of the largest and most destructive lava flows in Hawai’i during the past 200 years. Over the course of more than 3 months, twenty-four fissures erupted, and the rate of lava effusion varied by two orders of magnitude, with significant implications for evolving flow behavior and hazards. Syn-eruptive data were collected to quantify these changes in lava effusion rate, including video of flow through channels and digital elevation models acquired using small unoccupied aircraft systems, airborne lidar, and airborne single-pass interferometric synthetic aperture radar. Topographic data through time allowed calculation of subaerial lava flow volume and time-averaged discharge rate over the course of the eruption, which we integrated with pre- and post-eruption bathymetric surveys. Repeat videos of the near-vent channel were analyzed with particle velocimetry to extract flow velocities, and these were combined with open channel flow theory to calculate a time series of instantaneous effusion rates. Results show a general increase in dense rock equivalent (DRE) effusion rate from ~7 to ~100 m3/s from early to late May for the whole flow field and ≥ 200 m3/s by mid-June after the eruption had focused at a primary vent. By the end of the eruption in August, 0.9–1.4 km3 DRE of lava had erupted, with 0.4 km3 deposited on land and at least 0.5 km3 offshore. The trends in effusion rate through time reflect magmatic processes in the connected summit and rift zone system that controlled eruption rate, with resulting implications for lava flow dynamics and hazards.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00445-021-01443-6","usgsCitation":"Dietterich, H., Diefenbach, A., Soule, S.A., Zoeller, M.H., Patrick, M.R., Major, J., and Lundgren, P., 2021, Lava effusion rate evolution and erupted volume during the 2018 Kīlauea lower East Rift Zone eruption: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 83, no. 25, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-021-01443-6.","productDescription":"18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-122554","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488679,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/gsofacpubs/2493","text":"External Repository"},{"id":384747,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea volcano, Hawaii volcanoes National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.0507354736328,\n 19.321511226817176\n ],\n [\n -155.25054931640625,\n 19.369454073094243\n ],\n [\n -155.35011291503906,\n 19.39082944712291\n ],\n [\n -155.4242706298828,\n 19.204186382298897\n ],\n [\n -155.39749145507812,\n 19.191217165341648\n ],\n [\n -155.12832641601562,\n 19.2748506284423\n ],\n [\n -155.0507354736328,\n 19.321511226817176\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"83","issue":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dietterich, Hannah R. 0000-0001-7898-4343","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7898-4343","contributorId":212771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietterich","given":"Hannah R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diefenbach, Angela K. 0000-0003-0214-7818","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0214-7818","contributorId":204743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Angela K.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Soule, S. Adam 0000-0002-4691-6300","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4691-6300","contributorId":221052,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soule","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Adam","affiliations":[{"id":36711,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zoeller, Michael H. 0000-0003-4716-8567","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4716-8567","contributorId":214557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoeller","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Patrick, Matthew R. 0000-0002-8042-6639 mpatrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-6639","contributorId":2070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patrick","given":"Matthew","email":"mpatrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Major, J. J. 0000-0003-2449-4466","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":29461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"J. J.","affiliations":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lundgren, Paul 0000-0002-6771-2876","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6771-2876","contributorId":215622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lundgren","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36276,"text":"JPL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70219181,"text":"70219181 - 2021 - American Woodcock singing-ground survey: Comparison of four models for trend in population size","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-03T13:58:58.411403","indexId":"70219181","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-16T07:14:46","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"American Woodcock singing-ground survey: Comparison of four models for trend in population size","docAbstract":"Wildlife biologists monitor the status and trends of American woodcock Scolopax minor populations in the eastern and central United States and Canada via a singing-ground survey, conducted just after sunset along roadsides in spring. Annual analyses of the survey produce estimates of trend and annual indexes of abundance for 25 states and provinces, management regions, and survey-wide. In recent years, researchers have used a log-linear hierarchical model that defines year effects as random effects in the context of a slope parameter (the S model) to model population change. Recently, researchers have proposed alternative models suitable for analysis of singing-ground survey data. Analysis of a similar roadside survey, the North American Breeding Bird Survey, has indicated that alternative models are preferable for almost all species analyzed in the Breeding Bird Survey. Here, we use leave-one-out cross-validation to compare model fit for the present singing-ground survey model to fits of three alternative models, including a model that describes population change as the difference in expected counts between successive years (the D model) and two models that include t-distributed extra-Poisson overdispersion effects (H models) as opposed to normally distributed extra-Poisson overdispersion. Leave-one-out cross-validation results indicate that the Bayesian predictive information criterion favored the D model, but a pairwise t-test indicated that the D model was not significantly better-fitting to singing-ground survey data than the S model. The H models are not preferable to the alternatives with normally distributed overdispersion. All models provided generally similar estimates of trend and annual indexes suggesting that, within this model set, choice of model will not lead to alternative conclusions regarding population change. However, as in Breeding Bird Survey analyses, we note a tendency for S model results to provide slightly more extreme estimates of trend relative to D models. We recommend use of the D model for future singing-ground survey analyses.
","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","doi":"10.3996/JFWM-20-079","usgsCitation":"Sauer, J.R., Link, W., Seamans, M.E., and Rau, R.D., 2021, American Woodcock singing-ground survey: Comparison of four models for trend in population size: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 12, no. 1, p. 83-97, https://doi.org/10.3996/JFWM-20-079.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"97","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-127453","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":453075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-20-079","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":384754,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States, Canada","otherGeospatial":"Eastern and Central United States and Canada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.412109375,\n 50.17689812200107\n ],\n [\n -95.537109375,\n 51.069016659603896\n ],\n [\n -95.888671875,\n 48.922499263758255\n ],\n [\n -95.00976562499999,\n 43.58039085560784\n ],\n [\n -93.955078125,\n 39.027718840211605\n ],\n [\n -93.515625,\n 30.826780904779774\n ],\n [\n -86.748046875,\n 32.10118973232094\n ],\n [\n -82.6171875,\n 29.99300228455108\n ],\n [\n -77.783203125,\n 34.161818161230386\n ],\n [\n -75.76171875,\n 35.88905007936091\n ],\n [\n -60.29296874999999,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -60.29296874999999,\n 47.100044694025215\n ],\n [\n -67.412109375,\n 50.17689812200107\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sauer, John R. 0000-0002-4557-3019 jrsauer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":146917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"John","email":"jrsauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Link, William 0000-0002-9913-0256","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":221718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"William","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seamans, Mark E","contributorId":256724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seamans","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rau, Rebecca D.","contributorId":256726,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rau","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70218751,"text":"sir20205149 - 2021 - Assessment of groundwater trends near Crex Meadows, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-01T15:54:43.723114","indexId":"sir20205149","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-15T08:01:04","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-5149","displayTitle":"Assessment of Groundwater Trends near Crex Meadows, Wisconsin","title":"Assessment of groundwater trends near Crex Meadows, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Crex Meadows Wildlife Area (Crex) is a 30,000-acre property in Burnett County, Wisconsin. Crex is managed by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) with the goal of providing public recreation opportunities while also protecting the quality of native ecological communities and species on the property. The WDNR’s management strategy includes controlling water levels at flowages in Crex using a system of dikes, water control structures, ditches, and a diversion pump. For the past several decades there has been concern among nearby landowners that the water manage-ment strategy at Crex may be contributing to groundwater flooding in adjacent, privately held properties. This issue has been particularly contentious during periods when regional groundwater elevations are already high. This study was conducted in response to those concerns. For the study, a network of 12 monitoring wells was installed in and to the west of Crex. Groundwater elevations were recorded in the wells before, during, and after water-level changes in the western Crex flowages to assess if groundwater elevations to the west of Crex are detectably affected by the flowage water levels.
This study successfully collected groundwater elevations in 11 study wells during a 3-month period in 2019 when water elevations in the Dike 6 flowage and Erickson flowage were lowered and then raised. The data logger at a 12th location failed and no data were recorded. The groundwater elevation trends in these study wells were compared with groundwater elevation trends at a regional U.S. Geological Survey well to provide information for determining if changing the flowage elevations had a noticeable response in the study wells west of Crex Meadows. This analysis was done by (1) evaluating study well groundwater elevation trends compared to the regional well, (2) using a scatter plot of study well and regional well data during raising and lowering periods,
(3) assessing horizontal hydraulic gradient data during the study period, and (4) assessing the cumulative departure from the mean groundwater elevation for each well.
Overall, regional groundwater elevations had a down-ward trend before and during the flowage lowering period and then had an upward trend during the flowage raising period. This pattern was observed in the regional well and in all the study wells adjacent to and several miles from the flowages. The similarity in patterns indicates that precipitation and regional groundwater flow conditions were the dominant drivers of the system during the study period. The scatter plot and cumulative departure from the mean analysis showed that in addition to regional trends, wells 1, 6, and 7 were likely affected by the changes in the flowage water levels. Overall, at least on the timescale of this study, water management at Crex likely did not have detectable effects on wells outside the Crex property. Wells installed on the Crex property including the wells in the lakebeds of the flowages (wells 1 and 7) and possibly well 6 east of the flowages showed what seems to be minor affects due to water management at Crex.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205149","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Haserodt, M.J., and Fienen, M.N., 2020, Assessment of groundwater trends near Crex Meadows, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5149, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205149.","productDescription":"vi, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-117629","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385958,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5149/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"1.69 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIR 2020–5149 Version History"},{"id":385957,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5149/sir20205149.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020–5149"},{"id":384275,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5149/coverthb3.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Crex Meadows","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.51930236816406,\n 45.81540082150529\n ],\n [\n -92.51861572265625,\n 45.829756159282766\n ],\n [\n -92.51861572265625,\n 45.84506443975059\n ],\n [\n -92.52616882324219,\n 45.84506443975059\n ],\n [\n -92.52754211425781,\n 45.87853662114514\n ],\n [\n -92.55226135253906,\n 45.882360730184025\n ],\n [\n -92.55088806152344,\n 45.90768880475299\n ],\n [\n -92.60856628417967,\n 45.90386643939614\n ],\n [\n -92.67105102539061,\n 45.897654534346906\n ],\n [\n -92.68272399902344,\n 45.88618457602257\n ],\n [\n -92.68135070800781,\n 45.867062714815475\n ],\n [\n -92.69096374511719,\n 45.817315080406246\n ],\n [\n -92.691650390625,\n 45.80008438131991\n ],\n [\n -92.68753051757812,\n 45.79338211440398\n ],\n [\n -92.64770507812499,\n 45.79338211440398\n ],\n [\n -92.61543273925781,\n 45.813965084145295\n ],\n [\n -92.57972717285156,\n 45.817315080406246\n ],\n [\n -92.57492065429688,\n 45.82688538784564\n ],\n [\n -92.54539489746094,\n 45.82640691154487\n ],\n [\n -92.54539489746094,\n 45.81109349837976\n ],\n [\n -92.51930236816406,\n 45.81540082150529\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: March 15, 2021; Version 1.1: May 26, 2021","contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8505 Research Way
Middleton, WI 53562
The Osage Nation of northeastern Oklahoma, conterminous with Osage County, covers about 2,900 square miles. The area is primarily rural with 62 percent of the land being native prairie grass, and much of the area is used for cattle ranching and extraction of petroleum and natural gas. Protection of water rights are important to the Osage Nation because of its reliance on cattle ranching and the potential for impairment of water quality by petroleum extraction. Additionally, the potential for future population increases, demands for water from neighboring areas such as the Tulsa metropolitan area, and expansion of petroleum and natural-gas extraction on water resources of this area further the need for the Osage Nation to better understand its water availability. Therefore, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Osage Nation, completed a hydrologic investigation to assess the status and availability of surface-water and groundwater resources in the Osage Nation.
A transient integrated hydrologic-flow model was constructed using the U.S. Geological Survey fully integrated hydrologic-flow model called the MODFLOW One-Water Hydrologic Model. The integrated hydrologic-flow model, called the Osage Nation Integrated Hydrologic Model (ONIHM), was constructed and uses an orthogonal grid of 276 rows and 289 columns, and each grid cell measures 1,312.34 feet (ft; 400 meters) per side, with eight variably thick vertical layers that represented the alluvial and bedrock aquifers within the study area, including the alluvial aquifer, the Vamoosa-Ada aquifer, and the minor Pennsylvanian bedrock aquifers, and the confining units. Landscape and groundwater-flow processes were simulated for two periods: (1) the 1950–2014 period from January 1950 through September 2014 and (2) the forecast period from October 2014 through December 2099. The 1950–2014 period ONIHM simulated past conditions using measured or estimated inputs, and the forecast-period ONIHM simulated three separate potential forecast conditions under constant dry, average, or wet climate conditions using calibrated input values from the 1950–2014 period ONIHM.
The 1950–2014 period ONIHM was calibrated by linking the Parameter Estimation software (PEST) with the MODFLOW One-Water Hydrologic Model. PEST uses statistical parameter estimation techniques to identify the best set of parameter values to minimize the difference between measured or estimated calibration targets and their simulated equivalent values (residuals). Tikhonov regularization and singular-value decomposition-assist features of PEST were used during the calibration process. The 1950–2014 period ONIHM was calibrated to 713 measured groundwater levels at 195 wells; 95,636 estimated monthly mean groundwater levels at 124 wells; 5,307 measured streamflows at 13 streamgages; and 8,679 simulated mean monthly streamflows at 10 streamgages extracted from a surface-water model by adjusting 231 parameters. The estimated groundwater-level observations and streamflows were included as observations to improve the spatial and temporal density of observation targets during calibration. The best set of parameter values obtained during the calibration process of the 1950–2014 model was then used as the input parameter values for the forecast model simulations. A comparison of the calibration targets to their corresponding simulated values indicated that the model adequately reproduced streamflows and groundwater levels for some streamgages and wells and underestimated streamflows and groundwater levels at other locations. Measured and simulated streamflows correlated adequately with a coefficient of determination of 0.938, as did water levels with a coefficient of determination of 0.795. The 1950–2014 period ONIHM underestimated certain groundwater levels and streamflows, but generally measured or estimated calibration targets correlated well with simulated equivalents, which indicated that the model can adequately simulate the response of the hydrologic system to stresses in the 1950–2014 and forecast periods.
In the 1950–2014 period ONIHM, the calibrated mean horizontal hydraulic conductivity for layer 1 alluvial aquifer was 30.7 feet per day, and the seven lower layers had a calibrated mean horizontal hydraulic conductivity of less than 3.3 feet per day. The mean calibrated groundwater-level residual was 16.6 ft, and the mean calibrated streamflow residual of the Arkansas River at Ralston, Oklahoma, streamgage (U.S. Geological Survey station 07152500) was within 6 percent (373 cubic feet per second) of mean measured streamflow for the 1950–2014 period ONIHM.
The ONIHM simulated landscape fluxes of precipitation; groundwater applied by irrigation wells; evapotranspiration from precipitation, groundwater, and irrigation; runoff from precipitation; and deep percolation from precipitation. The largest loss of water from the landscape was evapotranspiration from precipitation with a calibrated mean annual outflow of 32 inches (in.): mean annual precipitation was about 36 in. Calibrated mean annual runoff and deep percolation (recharge to the water table) rates were 4.7 inches per year (in/yr) and 0.70 in/yr, respectively, for the 1950–2014 period ONIHM.
The calibrated 1950–2014 period ONIHM groundwater fluxes included net farm net recharge (calculated as the difference between the inflow of recharge to the water table and the outflow of evapotranspiration from the water table such that negative values indicate that evapotranspiration from the water table was greater than deep percolation [recharge to the water table] and vice versa). Net farm net recharge was the largest flux from the groundwater system with a mean annual net outflow of 153.4 cubic feet per second. Stream leakage was the largest flux to the groundwater system with a mean annual net inflow of 152.5 cubic feet per second, indicating that, on average, the groundwater/surface-water interaction was a “losing” system where stream water leaked into the subsurface and recharged the water table. Simulated monthly trends demonstrated that net stream leakage was the largest inflow to the groundwater-flow system for 10 of the 12 months; for the other 2 months (January and March), farm net recharge (January) and net storage (March) were the largest inflow to the groundwater-flow system.
A saline groundwater interface map was created for the study and compared to the water levels from the final stress period of the 1950–2014 model to identify the presence of fresh/marginal groundwater throughout the study area. Fresh/marginal groundwater was characterized as groundwater with less than 1,500 milligrams per liter of total dissolved solids. Fresh/marginal groundwater thickness ranged from 0 to 438.2 ft within the study area. The thickest regions of fresh/marginal groundwater were in the eastern part of the study area near Sand Creek, Bird Creek, and Hominy Creek and in the Arkansas River alluvial aquifer in the region downstream from the Arkansas River at Ralston, Okla.
Like the 1950–2014 model, forecast model results for the landscape indicated that transpiration from precipitation was the largest flux out of the landscape for all three forecasts, constituting 77, 73, and 58 percent of precipitation for the dry, average, and wet forecasts, respectively. The dry and average forecast landscape fluxes demonstrated similar trends and magnitudes, whereas the wet forecast landscape fluxes indicated the largest changes compared to the average forecast fluxes. Most notably, runoff increased from a mean of 1.1 and 1.6 in/yr for the dry and average forecasts, respectively, to 10 in/yr for the wet forecast. Similar changes occurred for the other wet forecast landscape fluxes.
The calibrated 1950–2014 period ONIHM simulated three forecasts to assess the effects of potential climatic changes on the hydrologic system from October 2014 to December 2099. The three forecasts simulated theoretical dry, average, and wet conditions using precipitation and potential evapotranspiration datasets from selected years in the calibrated 1950–2014 period ONIHM. Annual precipitation amounts were 26.89, 35.47, and 50.73 in. for the dry, average, and wet forecasts, respectively. Groundwater-flow component forecast results indicated that stream leakage is always a net inflow to the groundwater-flow system for dry, average, and wet conditions, meaning the study area stream network is always predominantly a “losing” regime where stream water infiltrates into the underlying aquifer. Storage was only a net outflow from the groundwater-flow system and indicated a replenishment to groundwater storage that resulted in an increase in groundwater levels only during the wet forecast. Further, these gains in groundwater storage for the wet forecast occurred only during February through June.
Mean fresh/marginal groundwater saturated thicknesses were 125 and 126 ft for the dry and average forecast conditions, respectively, and wet forecast average thickness was 145 ft and ranged from 0 to 443 ft. The spatial extents of fresh/marginal groundwater at the end of the dry, average, and wet forecast model periods (December 2099) did not change substantially from the end of the 1950–2014 model period (September 2014).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205141","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Osage Nation","usgsCitation":"Traylor, J.P., Mashburn, S.L., Hanson, R.T., and Peterson, S.M., 2021, Assessment of water availability in the Osage Nation using an integrated hydrologic-flow model: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5141, 96 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205141.","productDescription":"Report: xiii, 96 p.; 2 Interactive Figures; Data Release; Dataset","numberOfPages":"114","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-102662","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384320,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5141/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":384321,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5141/sir20205141.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.57 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020–5141"},{"id":384322,"rank":3,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5141/sir20205141_figure8.pdf","text":"Figure 8 (layered)","size":"626 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020–5141 Figure 8","linkHelpText":"— Supergroups for the Osage Nation Integrated Hydrologic Model (note: some supergroups are hidden; in order to see a given supergroup, the reader may need to turn off layers for the overlying supergroups)."},{"id":384324,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P91OKQ2C","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW-One Water Hydrologic Model integrated hydrologic-flow model used to evaluate water availability in the Osage Nation"},{"id":384323,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5141/sir20205141_figure14.pdf","text":"Figure 14 (layered)","size":"711 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020–5141 Figure 14","linkHelpText":"— Simulated groundwater-level altitude contours for the final stress period of the calibrated Osage Nation Integrated Hydrologic Model (September 30, 2014), dry forecast (December 31, 2099), average forecast (December 31, 2099), and wet forecast (December 31, 2099). This figure is a layered PDF."},{"id":384325,"rank":6,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"— USGS water data for the Nation"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas, Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Osage Nation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.99578857421875,\n 36.13565654678543\n ],\n [\n -95.99853515625,\n 37.00035919622158\n ],\n [\n -95.97930908203125,\n 37.081475648860525\n ],\n [\n -96.29241943359375,\n 37.13623498442895\n ],\n [\n -96.48193359375,\n 36.96306042436515\n ],\n [\n -96.9873046875,\n 36.94989178681327\n ],\n [\n -97.12188720703125,\n 36.6992553955527\n ],\n [\n -97.14385986328125,\n 36.36822190085111\n ],\n [\n -96.6412353515625,\n 36.213255233061844\n ],\n [\n -96.26220703125,\n 36.11125252076156\n ],\n [\n -95.99578857421875,\n 36.13565654678543\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Nebraska Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5231 South 19th Street
Lincoln, NE 68512
Earthquake clustering (grouping in space and time) is a widely observed mode of strain release in the upper crust, although this behavior on individual faults is a departure from classic elastic rebound theory. In this study, we consider factors responsible for a cluster of earthquakes on the Bear River fault zone (BRF), a recently activated, 44-km-long normal fault on the eastern margin of Basin and Range extension in the Rocky Mountains. The entire surface-rupturing history of the BRF, as gleaned from paleoseismic and geomorphic observations, began only 4500 years ago and consists of at least three large events. Rupture of the BRF is spatially complex and is clearly conditioned by preexisting structure. In particular, where the south end of the fault intersects older thrust faults and upturned strata along the south-dipping flank of the Precambrian basement-cored Uinta arch, the main trace ends abruptly in a set of orthogonal splays that accommodate down-dropping of a large hanging-wall graben against the arch. We hypothesize that the geomechanically strong Uinta arch crustal block impeded the development of the BRF and, over time, enabled a significant accumulation of elastic strain energy, eventually giving rise to a pulse of strain release in the mid- to late Holocene. We surmise that variations in fault strength, both in space and time, is a cause of earthquake clustering on the BRF and on other faults that are structurally and tectonically immature. The first two earthquakes on the BRF occurred during the same period of time as a regional cluster of earthquakes in the Middle Rocky Mountains, suggesting that isolated faults in this slowly extending region interact through widespread changes in stress conditions.
Biophysical processes that affect subsurface water clarity play a key role in ecosystem function. However, subsurface water clarity is poorly monitored in marine ecosystems because doing so requires in-situ sampling that is logistically difficult to conduct and sustain. Novel solutions are thus needed to improve monitoring of subsurface water clarity. To that end, we developed a sampling method and data processing algorithm that enable the use of bottom trawl fishing gear as a platform for conducting subsurface water clarity monitoring using trawl-mounted irradiance sensors without disruption to fishing operations. The algorithm applies quality control checks to irradiance measurements and calculates the downwelling diffuse attenuation coefficient, Kd, and optical depth, ζ– apparent optical properties (AOPs) that characterize the rate of decrease in downwelling irradiance and relative irradiance transmission to depth, respectively. We applied our algorithm to irradiance measurements, obtained using bottom-trawl-mounted archival tags equipped with a photodiode collected during NOAA’s Alaska Fisheries Science Center annual summer bottom trawl surveys of the eastern Bering Sea continental shelf from 2004 to 2018. We validated our AOPs by quantitatively comparing surface-weighted Kd from tags to the multi-sensor Kd(490) product from the Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative project (OC-CCI) and qualitatively evaluating whether tag Kd was consistent with patterns of subsurface chlorophyll-a concentrations predicted by a coupled regional physical-biological model (Bering10K-BESTNPZ). We additionally examined patterns and trends in water clarity in the eastern Bering Sea. Key findings are: 1) water clarity decreased significantly from 2004 to 2018; 2) a recurrent, pycnocline-associated, maximum in Kd occurred over much of the northwestern shelf, putatively due to a subsurface chlorophyll maximum; and 3) a turbid bottom layer (nepheloid layer) was present over a large portion of the eastern Bering Sea shelf. Our study demonstrates that bottom trawls can provide a useful platform for monitoring water clarity, especially when trawling is conducted as part of a systematic stock assessment survey.
We compared body morphology of two freshwater sculpin taxa that inhabit distinct environmental conditions in the Chesapeake Bay watershed of eastern North America: Potomac sculpin (C. girardi, Robins; PS) and checkered sculpin (C. sp. cf. girardi; CS). Both taxa are endemic to the study area, but PS are more broadly distributed than CS which are limited to karst groundwater-dominated streams in the central Potomac River basin. We examined preserved specimens from sites encompassing their geographic range (six sites per taxon) to evaluate taxonomic differences and environmental effects. Pelvic fin ray counts and body shape distinguished the study taxa. Morphological variation exhibited stronger relationships to environmental covariates (site elevation and basin size) in PS than CS as expected. In addition, the frequency of specimens with a united median chin pore increased with site elevation in PS (but not CS), suggesting thermal effects on preoperculomanibular canal development. However, contrary to expectation, PS did not exhibit greater among-population variation in body shape than CS, and this indicates the potential importance of unmeasured environmental differences among karst groundwater-dominated streams in the study area. Our study also indicated the utility of stream-level management units for CS, an undescribed species recognized as “critically imperiled” by state agencies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10641-021-01078-8","usgsCitation":"Hitt, N.P., Kessler, K.G., Macmillan, H.E., Rogers, K.M., and Raesly, R.L., 2021, Comparative morphology of freshwater sculpin inhabiting different environmental conditions in the Chesapeake Bay headwaters: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 104, p. 309-324, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-021-01078-8.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"309","endPage":"324","ipdsId":"IP-118788","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384404,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.76123046875,\n 37.19533058280065\n ],\n [\n -74.99267578125,\n 37.19533058280065\n ],\n [\n -74.99267578125,\n 39.791654835253425\n ],\n [\n -77.76123046875,\n 39.791654835253425\n ],\n [\n -77.76123046875,\n 37.19533058280065\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"104","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hitt, Nathaniel P. 0000-0002-1046-4568 nhitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1046-4568","contributorId":4435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitt","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nhitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kessler, Karmann G. 0000-0001-5681-4909","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5681-4909","contributorId":242765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kessler","given":"Karmann","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Macmillan, Hannah Eisemann 0000-0002-5221-4989","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5221-4989","contributorId":255404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macmillan","given":"Hannah","email":"","middleInitial":"Eisemann","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rogers, Karli M. 0000-0002-6188-7405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6188-7405","contributorId":237955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"Karli","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Raesly, Richard L.","contributorId":172208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raesly","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13481,"text":"Department of Biology, Frostburg State University, 101 Braddock Road, Frostburg, MD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70231651,"text":"70231651 - 2021 - Linking altered flow regimes to biological condition: An example using benthic macroinvertebrates in small streams of the Chesapeake Bay watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-18T15:38:14.741057","indexId":"70231651","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-12T10:34:52","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking altered flow regimes to biological condition: An example using benthic macroinvertebrates in small streams of the Chesapeake Bay watershed","docAbstract":"Regionally scaled assessments of hydrologic alteration for small streams and its effects on freshwater taxa are often inhibited by a low number of stream gages. To overcome this limitation, we paired modeled estimates of hydrologic alteration to a benthic macroinvertebrate index of biotic integrity data for 4522 stream reaches across the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Using separate random-forest models, we predicted flow status (inflated, diminished, or indeterminant) for 12 published hydrologic metrics (HMs) that characterize the main components of flow regimes. We used these models to predict each HM status for each stream reach in the watershed, and linked predictions to macroinvertebrate condition samples collected from streams with drainage areas less than 200 km2. Flow alteration was calculated as the number of HMs with inflated or diminished status and ranged from 0 (no HM inflated or diminished) to 12 (all 12 HMs inflated or diminished). When focused solely on the stream condition and flow-alteration relationship, degraded macroinvertebrate condition was, depending on the number of HMs used, 3.8–4.7 times more likely in a flow-altered site; this likelihood was over twofold higher in the urban-focused dataset (8.7–10.8), and was never significant in the agriculture-focused dataset. Logistic regression analysis using the entire dataset showed for every unit increase in flow-alteration intensity, the odds of a degraded condition increased 3.7%. Our results provide an indication of whether altered streamflow is a possible driver of degraded biological conditions, information that could help managers prioritize management actions and lead to more effective restoration efforts.
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