San Francisco Bay Estuary in northern California has a legacy of mercury contamination, which could reduce the health and reproductive success of waterbirds in the estuary. The goal of this study was to use an integrated field and laboratory approach to evaluate the risks of mercury exposure to birds in the estuary. We examined mercury bioaccumulation, and other contaminants of concern, in five waterbird species that depend heavily on San Francisco Bay Estuary for foraging and breeding habitat: American avocets (Recurvirostra americana), black-necked stilts (Himantopus mexicanus), Forster’s terns (Sterna forsteri), Caspian terns (Hydroprogne caspia), and surf scoters (Melanitta perspicillata). These species have different foraging habitats and diets that represent three distinct foraging guilds within the estuary’s food web. In this report, we provide an integrated synthesis of the primary findings from this study and results are synthesized from 54 peer-reviewed publications generated to date with other unpublished results.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141251","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Environmental Contaminants Division","usgsCitation":"Ackerman, J., Eagles-Smith, C.A., Heinz, G., De La Cruz, S.E., Takekawa, J.Y., Miles, A.K., Adelsbach, T.L., Herzog, M., Bluso-Demers, J.D., Demers, S.A., Herring, G., Hoffman, D.J., Hartman, C.A., Willacker, J.J., Suchanek, T., Schwarzbach, S.E., and Maurer, T.C., 2014, Mercury in birds of San Francisco Bay-Delta, California: trophic pathways, bioaccumulation, and ecotoxicological risk to avian reproduction: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1251, xvi, 202 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141251.","productDescription":"xvi, 202 p.","numberOfPages":"222","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058332","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296632,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141251.jpg"},{"id":296631,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1251/pdf/ofr2014-1251.pdf","size":"8.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":296628,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1251/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.56072998046875,\n 37.40943717748788\n ],\n [\n -122.56072998046875,\n 38.1669547678699\n ],\n [\n -121.89605712890624,\n 38.1669547678699\n ],\n [\n -121.89605712890624,\n 37.40943717748788\n ],\n [\n -122.56072998046875,\n 37.40943717748788\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548c11b5e4b0ca8c43c3694d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":527025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eagles-Smith, Collin A. 0000-0003-1329-5285 ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-5285","contributorId":505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagles-Smith","given":"Collin","email":"ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":527026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heinz, Gary gheinz@usgs.gov","contributorId":3049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"Gary","email":"gheinz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":527041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"De La Cruz, Susan E.W. 0000-0001-6315-0864 sdelacruz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6315-0864","contributorId":3248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De La Cruz","given":"Susan","email":"sdelacruz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.W.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":527027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":527028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miles, A. 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2014 - Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2012 through September 2013) and statistical summaries of data for streams in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-12T11:52:17","indexId":"ofr20141244","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-12T08:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1244","title":"Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2012 through September 2013) and statistical summaries of data for streams in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana","docAbstract":"Water, bed sediment, and biota were sampled in streams from Butte to near Missoula, Montana, as part of a monitoring program in the upper Clark Fork Basin of western Montana. The sampling program was led by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to characterize aquatic resources in the Clark Fork Basin, with emphasis on trace elements associated with historic mining and smelting activities. Sampling sites were located on the Clark Fork and selected tributaries. Water samples were collected periodically at 20 sites from October 2012 through September 2013. Bed-sediment and biota samples were collected once at 13 sites during August 2013.
\n\n
This report presents the analytical results and quality-assurance data for water-quality, bed-sediment, and biota samples collected at sites from October 2012 through September 2013. Water-quality data include concentrations of selected major ions, trace elements, and suspended sediment. Turbidity and dissolved organic carbon were analyzed for water samples collected at the four sites where seasonal daily values of turbidity were being determined. Daily values of mean suspended-sediment concentration and suspended-sediment discharge were determined for four sites. Bed-sediment data include trace-element concentrations in the fine-grained fraction. Biological data include trace-element concentrations in whole-body tissue of aquatic benthic insects. Statistical sum-maries of water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data for sites in the upper Clark Fork Basin are provided for the period of record.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141244","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Dodge, K.A., Hornberger, M.I., and Dyke, J., 2014, Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2012 through September 2013) and statistical summaries of data for streams in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1244, vi, 133 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141244.","productDescription":"vi, 133 p.","numberOfPages":"144","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2012-10-01","temporalEnd":"2013-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-059451","costCenters":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296629,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1244/pdf/ofr2014-1244.pdf","size":"3.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":296627,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1244/"},{"id":296630,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141244.jpg"}],"datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Clark Fork Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.3017578125,\n 45.775186183521036\n ],\n [\n -114.3017578125,\n 47.025206001585396\n ],\n [\n -112.28576660156249,\n 47.025206001585396\n ],\n [\n -112.28576660156249,\n 45.775186183521036\n ],\n [\n -114.3017578125,\n 45.775186183521036\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548c11b7e4b0ca8c43c3694f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dodge, Kent A. kdodge@usgs.gov","contributorId":1036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodge","given":"Kent","email":"kdodge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":527014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hornberger, Michelle I. 0000-0002-7787-3446 mhornber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7787-3446","contributorId":1037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"Michelle","email":"mhornber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":527015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dyke, Jessica jldyke@usgs.gov","contributorId":1035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyke","given":"Jessica","email":"jldyke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":527016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70134482,"text":"ofr20141243 - 2014 - National assessment of hurricane-induced coastal erosion hazards: Northeast Atlantic Coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-11T15:37:20","indexId":"ofr20141243","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-11T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1243","title":"National assessment of hurricane-induced coastal erosion hazards: Northeast Atlantic Coast","docAbstract":"Beaches serve as a natural buffer between the ocean and inland communities, ecosystems, and natural resources. However, these dynamic environments move and change in response to winds, waves, and currents. During extreme storms, changes to beaches can be great, and the results are sometimes catastrophic. Lives may be lost, communities destroyed, and millions of dollars spent on rebuilding.
\n\n
During storms, large waves may erode beaches, and high storm surge may shift the erosive force of the waves higher on the beach. In some cases, the combined effects of waves and surge may cause overwash (when waves and surge overtop the dune, transporting sand inland) or flooding. Buildings and infrastructure on or near a dune can be undermined during wave attack and subsequent erosion. Hurricanes Irene and Sandy made landfall along the Eastern United States in August 2011 and October 2012, respectively. Although these hurricanes made landfall south and west of the northeast Atlantic coast, waves from these storms caused severe erosion and undermining, destroying roads in some areas of the coast (for example Westport, Massachusetts).
\n\n
Waves overtopping a dune can transport water and sand inland, covering roads and blocking evacuation routes or impeding emergency relief. If storm surge inundates barrier island dunes, currents flowing across the island can create a breach, or a new inlet, completely severing evacuation routes.
\n\n
Extreme coastal changes caused by hurricanes may increase the vulnerability of communities both during a storm and to future storms. For example, when sand dunes are substantially eroded, inland structures are exposed to storm surge and waves. On barrier islands, absent or low dunes allow water to flow inland across the island, potentially increasing storm surge in the back bay, on the sound-side of the barrier, and on the mainland.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141243","usgsCitation":"Birchler, J., Stockdon, H.F., Doran, K., and Thompson, D.M., 2014, National assessment of hurricane-induced coastal erosion hazards: Northeast Atlantic Coast: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1243, Report: iv, 34 p.; Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141243.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 34 p.; Dataset","numberOfPages":"41","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059585","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296626,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141243.jpg"},{"id":296623,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1243/"},{"id":296624,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1243/pdf/ofr2014-1243.pdf","size":"1.89 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296625,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1243/download/ofr2014-1243_NE_erosion_hazards.zip","text":"Northeast Atlantic Coastal Erosion Hazards Datsaset","size":"63 kB"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.63037109375,\n 40.463666324587685\n ],\n [\n -73.63037109375,\n 44.6061127451739\n ],\n [\n -67.8515625,\n 44.6061127451739\n ],\n [\n -67.8515625,\n 40.463666324587685\n ],\n [\n -73.63037109375,\n 40.463666324587685\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548ac02de4b00f366bee37a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Birchler, Justin J. jbirchler@usgs.gov","contributorId":5763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birchler","given":"Justin J.","email":"jbirchler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stockdon, Hilary F. 0000-0003-0791-4676 hstockdon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0791-4676","contributorId":2153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockdon","given":"Hilary","email":"hstockdon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doran, Kara S. 0000-0001-8050-5727 kdoran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8050-5727","contributorId":2496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Kara S.","email":"kdoran@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, David M. 0000-0002-7103-5740 dthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7103-5740","contributorId":3502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"David","email":"dthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70201454,"text":"70201454 - 2014 - Proper handling of animal tissues from the field to the laboratory supports reliable biomarker endpoints","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-13T12:22:31","indexId":"70201454","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-11T11:45:48","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Proper handling of animal tissues from the field to the laboratory supports reliable biomarker endpoints","docAbstract":"In the endeavor to assess potential effects to the Gulf of Mexico ecosystem from the Mississippi Canyon 252 incident, referred to as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, various environmental data have been collected. Whereas initial efforts have included satellite tracking and sediment and water sampling to estimate the geographical scope of oiling, research on biological samples can provide insights into potential physiological responses to oil if it was present in the food web, sediment, or water column. Fish species are ideal model organisms for studying responses to water- and sediment-borne contaminants due to their life history (Jenkins et al. 2014), and several Gulf of Mexico fish species were studied by scientists after this incident. Typical field data collected on fish reflect organism condition and include observations such as fish length, weight, gonad condition, condition factor (weight in relation to length), parasite load, and color of organs (Schmitt and Dethloff 2000). However, if physiological responses occurred due to oil exposure, effects would not be immediately visible using organism-level observations alone. Changes occur first at the organ, tissue, cell, or molecular levels, and these responses can be measured by using biomarker assays (van der Oost et al. 2003).
","largerWorkTitle":"Impacts of oil spill disasters on marine habitats and fisheries in North America","language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","isbn":"9781466557208 ","usgsCitation":"Olivier, H.M., and Jenkins, J.A., 2014, Proper handling of animal tissues from the field to the laboratory supports reliable biomarker endpoints, chap. of Impacts of oil spill disasters on marine habitats and fisheries in North America, p. 81-93.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"93","ipdsId":"IP-046164","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360242,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":360241,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.crcpress.com/Impacts-of-Oil-Spill-Disasters-on-Marine-Habitats-and-Fisheries-in-North/Alford-Peterson-Green/p/book/9781466557208"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c137dd5e4b006c4f85148a0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Alford, J. B.","contributorId":120313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alford","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754140,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, Mark S.","contributorId":8979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754141,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Green, Christopher C.","contributorId":111389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754142,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Olivier, Heather M.","contributorId":23245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olivier","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":754139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenkins, Jill A. 0000-0002-5087-0894 jenkinsj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5087-0894","contributorId":2710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Jill","email":"jenkinsj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70133603,"text":"ds900 - 2014 - Geospatial compilation of historical water-level changes in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers 1977-2013 and Jasper aquifer 2000-13, Gulf Coast aquifer system, Houston-Galveston region, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T16:52:12","indexId":"ds900","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-11T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"900","title":"Geospatial compilation of historical water-level changes in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers 1977-2013 and Jasper aquifer 2000-13, Gulf Coast aquifer system, Houston-Galveston region, Texas","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Harris-Galveston Subsidence District, City of Houston, Fort Bend Subsidence District, Lone Star Groundwater Conservation District, and Brazoria County Groundwater Conservation District has produced an annual series of reports that depict water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers of the Gulf Coast aquifer system in the Houston-Galveston region, Texas, from 1977 to 2013. Changes are determined from water-level measurements between December and March of each year from groundwater wells screened in one of the three aquifers. Existing published maps and unpublished geographic information system (GIS) datasets were compiled into a comprehensive geodatabase of all water-level-change maps produced as part of this multiagency effort. Annual water-level-change maps were georeferenced and digitized where existing GIS data were unavailable (1979–99). Existing GIS data available for 2000–13 were included in the geodatabase. The compilation contains 121 datasets showing water-level changes for each primary aquifer of the Gulf Coast aquifer system: 56 for the Chicot aquifer (1977; 1979–2013 and 1990; 1993–2013), 56 for the Evangeline aquifer (1977; 1979–2013 and 1990; 1993–2013), and 9 for the Jasper aquifer (2000; 2005–13).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds900","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Harris-Galveston Subsidence District, City of Houston, Fort Bend Subsidence District, Lone Star Groundwater Conservation District, and Brazoria County Groundwater Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Johnson, M., and Linard, J.I., 2014, Geospatial compilation of historical water-level changes in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers 1977-2013 and Jasper aquifer 2000-13, Gulf Coast aquifer system, Houston-Galveston region, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 900, HTML Document; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds900.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1977-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-058449","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296620,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds900.PNG"},{"id":296132,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0900/"},{"id":296619,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0900/downloads/","text":"Downloads Directory","description":"Downloads Directory"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, zone 15","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Galveston, Houston","otherGeospatial":"Houston-Galveston region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.3505859375,\n 29.554345125748267\n ],\n [\n -94.52636718749999,\n 30.031055426540206\n ],\n [\n -94.7021484375,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n -94.976806640625,\n 30.675715404167743\n ],\n [\n -95.07568359375,\n 30.829139422013956\n ],\n [\n -95.25970458984374,\n 30.954057859276126\n ],\n [\n -95.614013671875,\n 30.95876857077987\n ],\n [\n -96.064453125,\n 30.798474179567823\n ],\n [\n -96.2841796875,\n 30.64027517241868\n ],\n [\n -96.3446044921875,\n 30.462879341709886\n ],\n [\n -96.2237548828125,\n 30.073847754270204\n ],\n [\n -96.03149414062499,\n 29.410890376109\n ],\n [\n -95.82275390625,\n 29.080175989623203\n ],\n [\n -95.6304931640625,\n 28.9072060763367\n ],\n [\n -95.3558349609375,\n 28.8831596093235\n ],\n [\n -94.7515869140625,\n 29.291189838184863\n ],\n [\n -94.3505859375,\n 29.554345125748267\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548ac02de4b00f366bee37a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Michaela R. 0000-0001-6133-0247 mrjohns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-0247","contributorId":1013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michaela R.","email":"mrjohns@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Linard, Joshua I. jilinard@usgs.gov","contributorId":1465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linard","given":"Joshua","email":"jilinard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70129575,"text":"fs20143107 - 2014 - The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T15:17:03","indexId":"fs20143107","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-11T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3107","title":"The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Michigan","docAbstract":"Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. For the State of Michigan, elevation data are critical for agriculture and precision farming, natural resources conservation, flood risk management, water supply and quality, infrastructure and construction management, coastal zone management, and other business uses. Today, high-density light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the primary sources for deriving elevation models and other datasets. Federal, State, Tribal, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data that are older and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of State and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data.
\nThe National Enhanced Elevation Assessment evaluated multiple elevation data acquisition options to determine the optimal data quality and data replacement cycle relative to cost to meet the identified requirements of the user community. The evaluation demonstrated that lidar acquisition at quality level 2 for the conterminous United States and quality level 5 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (ifsar) data for Alaska with a 6- to 10-year acquisition cycle provided the highest benefit/cost ratios. The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative selected an 8-year acquisition cycle for the respective quality levels. 3DEP, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Office of Management and Budget Circular A–16 lead agency for terrestrial elevation data, responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other 3D representations of the Nation's natural and constructed features. The Michigan Statewide Authoritative Imagery and Lidar (MiSAIL) program provides statewide lidar coordination with local, State, and national groups in support of 3DEP for Michigan.
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\"}}]}","edition":"Originally posted December 10, 2014; Version 1.1: January 5, 2015; Version 1.2: June 29, 2015","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548ac02fe4b00f366bee37ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carswell, William J. Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":127609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70128515,"text":"ds893 - 2014 - A 19-year record of chemical and isotopic composition of water from springs of the Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, 1995-2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:05:27","indexId":"ds893","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-10T16:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"893","title":"A 19-year record of chemical and isotopic composition of water from springs of the Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, 1995-2014","docAbstract":"During October 1995 through March 2014, the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the National Park Service, Luray, Virginia Station collected and analyzed samples of selected springs, air and unsaturated-zone gases in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. The 19-year record of measurements of chemical and isotopic composition of water discharging from 34 springs located along the crest of the Blue Ridge Mountains in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, is reported. These data include field measurements of water temperature, specific conductance, concentrations of dissolved oxygen (O2), and pH. Laboratory measurements included major-, minor-, and trace-element chemistry; concentrations of dissolved gases (nitrogen, [N2] argon [Ar], oxygen, and carbon dioxide [CO2]); concentrations of dissolved trace atmospheric gases, including trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11), dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12), and trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC-113) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6); and hydrogen stable isotopic composition (δ2H) and oxygen isotopic composition (δ18O) of water. The data include an up to 14-year time series record of monthly sampling at five springs collected between 1995 and 2013. The measurements included temperature, specific conductance, pH, and discharge recorded at 30-minute intervals. Atmospheric mixing ratios of CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, trifluorobromomethane (CF3Br), SF6, and trifluoromethyl sulfur pentafluoride (SF5CF3) in air from the Big Meadows Air Monitoring Station, Shenandoah National Park, were measured at approximately weekly intervals from September 1995 through March 2014.
\n\n
Additional data include monthly (between May 2001 and August 2003) measurements of temperature, N2, O2, Ar, CO2, CFC-12, CFC-11, CFC-113, and SF6 concentrations in unsaturated-zone air from seven multilevel piezometers in Shenandoah National Park and at the U.S. Geological Survey National Center in Reston, Virginia. All samples were analyzed at the U.S. Geological Survey Laboratories in Reston, Virginia.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds893","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with National Park Service, Shenandoah National Park","usgsCitation":"Busenberg, E., Plummer, N., Coplen, T.B., Doughten, M.W., Widman, P.K., Casile, G.C., Wayland, J.E., and Nelms, D.L., 2014, A 19-year record of chemical and isotopic composition of water from springs of the Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, 1995-2014: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 893, Report: vii, 11 p.; 23 Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds893.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 11 p.; 23 Tables","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalEnd":"2014-03-31","ipdsId":"IP-042886","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296599,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds893.jpg"},{"id":296597,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0893/pdf/ds893.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.96 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296596,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0893/"},{"id":296598,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0893/downloads/23Tables.xlsx","size":"1.15 MB"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.51904296874999,\n 38.74551518488265\n ],\n [\n -78.321533203125,\n 38.736946065676\n ],\n [\n -78.42041015625,\n 37.996162679728116\n ],\n [\n -79.552001953125,\n 38.03078569382294\n ],\n [\n -79.51904296874999,\n 38.74551518488265\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54896ea8e4b027aeab781276","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doughten, Michael W. doughten@usgs.gov","contributorId":4717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doughten","given":"Michael","email":"doughten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Widman, Peggy K. pkwidman@usgs.gov","contributorId":4009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Widman","given":"Peggy","email":"pkwidman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Casile, Gerolamo C. jcasile@usgs.gov","contributorId":4007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casile","given":"Gerolamo","email":"jcasile@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wayland, Julian E. jwayland@usgs.gov","contributorId":4008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wayland","given":"Julian","email":"jwayland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nelms, David L. 0000-0001-5747-642X dlnelms@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5747-642X","contributorId":1892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelms","given":"David","email":"dlnelms@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70135184,"text":"sir20145211 - 2014 - Methods for estimating magnitude and frequency of floods in Arizona, developed with unregulated and rural peak-flow data through water year 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-10T13:28:26","indexId":"sir20145211","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-10T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5211","title":"Methods for estimating magnitude and frequency of floods in Arizona, developed with unregulated and rural peak-flow data through water year 2010","docAbstract":"Flooding is among the worst natural disasters responsible for loss of life and property in Arizona, underscoring the importance of accurate estimation of flood magnitude for proper structural design and floodplain mapping. Twenty-four years of additional peak-flow data have been recorded since the last comprehensive regional flood frequency analysis conducted in Arizona. Periodically, flood frequency estimates and regional regression equations must be revised to maintain the accurate estimation of flood frequency and magnitude.
\n\n
Annual peak-flow data collected through water year 2010 were compiled from 448 unregulated streamflow-gaging stations, hereafter referred to as streamgages, in Arizona having a minimum of 10 years of record. Flood frequency estimates were first computed with station (or at-site) skew using the Expected Moments Algorithm with a multiple Grubbs-Beck test to identify multiple potentially influential low flows to fit a Pearson Type III distribution. Next, a multiple step Bayesian least-squares-regression approach was used to determine a new statewide regional skew of −0.09. No basin characteristics analyzed were statistically significant in explaining the variation in skew and as a result, the constant model was chosen as the best regional skew model for the Arizona study area. The mean square error used in Bulletin 17B (B17B) of the Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data is used to describe the precision of the regional skew. The constant model had a mean square error equal to 0.08, which corresponds to an effective record length of 85 years. This is a marked improvement over a previous Arizona regional skew analysis, with a reported mean square error of 0.31, for a corresponding effective record length of around 17 years. Thus the new regional model had almost five times the information content (as measured by effective record length) of that calculated in USGS Water Supply Paper 2433, published in 1997, or the value of 0.302 reported in the B17B generalized skew map. The flood frequency estimates were recalculated using a weighted skew of the station and regional skew. Station flood frequency estimates for each streamgage are presented for the 50-, 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, 0.5-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probabilities.
\n\n
Geographical information systems were used to compute basin characteristic information for each streamgage for the purpose of developing regional equations to estimate flood statistics at ungaged basins. Five hydrologic flood regions in Arizona were defined in a multivariate regionalization process based on mean basin elevation, mean annual precipitation, and soil permeability. A regional generalized least-squares-regression analysis was used to develop five sets of equations from 344 nonredundant streamgages, corresponding to five regions, for estimating the 50-, 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, 0.5-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probabilities at ungaged basins in Arizona. The regression equations developed for these five regions were based on one or more of the statistically significant explanatory variables: drainage area, mean basin elevation, and mean annual precipitation. Average standard errors of prediction for the regression regions for the five regions ranged from 27 to 122 percent and the pseudo-coefficients of determination (pseudo-R2), a measure of the proportion of peak-flow variation that is explained by the basin characteristics, ranged from 68 to 98 percent. Regression equations for Central Highlands (region 4) had the lowest model error and the greatest pseudo-R2 metrics. The equations for Colorado Plateau (region 2) regression equations generally had greater model error and lower pseudo-R2 metrics. The improvement of regional regression equation model error and pseudo-R2 metrics was related to higher numbers of streamgages, longer period of record, and even spatial coverage within a region.
\n\n
The regional regression equations were integrated into the U.S. Geological Survey’s StreamStats program. The StreamStats program is a national map-based web application that allows the public to easily access published flood frequency and basin characteristic statistics. The interactive web application allows a user to select a point within a watershed (gaged or ungaged) and retrieve flood-frequency estimates derived from the current regional regression equations and geographic information system data within the selected basin. StreamStats provides users with an efficient and accurate means for retrieving the most up to date flood frequency and basin characteristic data. StreamStats is intended to provide consistent statistics, minimize user error, and reduce the need for large datasets and costly geographic information system software.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145211","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Flood Control Districts of Maricopa County, Pima County, Pinal County, Yavapai County, Mohave County, Cochise County, Navajo County, Greenlee County, and Salt River Project, U.S. Forest Service, and Bureau of Reclamation.","usgsCitation":"Paretti, N., Kennedy, J.R., Turney, L.A., and Veilleux, A.G., 2014, Methods for estimating magnitude and frequency of floods in Arizona, developed with unregulated and rural peak-flow data through water year 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5211, Report: vii, 61 p.; 16 Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145211.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 61 p.; 16 Tables","numberOfPages":"73","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-040579","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296591,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145211.gif"},{"id":296589,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5211/downloads/sir2014-5211.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296590,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5211/downloads/SIR2014-5211_tables.xlsx","text":"Tables","size":"650 kB"},{"id":296585,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5211/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.00634765625,\n 37.055177106660814\n ],\n [\n -108.984375,\n 31.31610138349565\n ],\n [\n -111.1376953125,\n 31.259769987394286\n ],\n [\n -114.98291015625,\n 32.47269502206151\n ],\n [\n -114.873046875,\n 36.19109202182454\n ],\n [\n -114.14794921875,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -109.00634765625,\n 37.055177106660814\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54896eb5e4b027aeab781282","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paretti, Nicholas V. nparetti@usgs.gov","contributorId":802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paretti","given":"Nicholas V.","email":"nparetti@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, Jeffrey R. 0000-0002-3365-6589 jkennedy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3365-6589","contributorId":2172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jkennedy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turney, Lovina A. labbott@usgs.gov","contributorId":5744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turney","given":"Lovina","email":"labbott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":526929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Veilleux, Andrea G. aveilleux@usgs.gov","contributorId":4404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veilleux","given":"Andrea","email":"aveilleux@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70116948,"text":"sir20145121 - 2014 - Evaluation of the magnitude and frequency of floods in urban watersheds in Phoenix and Tucson, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-10T12:56:36","indexId":"sir20145121","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-10T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5121","title":"Evaluation of the magnitude and frequency of floods in urban watersheds in Phoenix and Tucson, Arizona","docAbstract":"Flooding in urban areas routinely causes severe damage to property and often results in loss of life. To investigate the effect of urbanization on the magnitude and frequency of flood peaks, a flood frequency analysis was carried out using data from urbanized streamgaging stations in Phoenix and Tucson, Arizona. Flood peaks at each station were predicted using the log-Pearson Type III distribution, fitted using the expected moments algorithm and the multiple Grubbs-Beck low outlier test. The station estimates were then compared to flood peaks estimated by rural-regression equations for Arizona, and to flood peaks adjusted for urbanization using a previously developed procedure for adjusting U.S. Geological Survey rural regression peak discharges in an urban setting. Only smaller, more common flood peaks at the 50-, 20-, 10-, and 4-percent annual exceedance probabilities (AEPs) demonstrate any increase in magnitude as a result of urbanization; the 1-, 0.5-, and 0.2-percent AEP flood estimates are predicted without bias by the rural-regression equations. Percent imperviousness was determined not to account for the difference in estimated flood peaks between stations, either when adjusting the rural-regression equations or when deriving urban-regression equations to predict flood peaks directly from basin characteristics. Comparison with urban adjustment equations indicates that flood peaks are systematically overestimated if the rural-regression-estimated flood peaks are adjusted upward to account for urbanization. At nearly every streamgaging station in the analysis, adjusted rural-regression estimates were greater than the estimates derived using station data. One likely reason for the lack of increase in flood peaks with urbanization is the presence of significant stormwater retention and detention structures within the watershed used in the study.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145121","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Flood Control District of Maricopa County.","usgsCitation":"Kennedy, J.R., and Paretti, N., 2014, Evaluation of the magnitude and frequency of floods in urban watersheds in Phoenix and Tucson, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5121, v, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145121.","productDescription":"v, 29 p.","numberOfPages":"39","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037882","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296584,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145121.gif"},{"id":296583,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5121/downloads/sir2014-5121.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296582,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5121/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","city":"Phoenix, Tucson","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.00634765625,\n 37.055177106660814\n ],\n [\n -108.984375,\n 31.31610138349565\n ],\n [\n -111.1376953125,\n 31.259769987394286\n ],\n [\n -114.98291015625,\n 32.47269502206151\n ],\n [\n -114.873046875,\n 36.19109202182454\n ],\n [\n -114.14794921875,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -109.00634765625,\n 37.055177106660814\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54896eb3e4b027aeab78127a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kennedy, Jeffrey R. 0000-0002-3365-6589 jkennedy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3365-6589","contributorId":2172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jkennedy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paretti, Nicholas V. nparetti@usgs.gov","contributorId":802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paretti","given":"Nicholas V.","email":"nparetti@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70111875,"text":"sir20145109 - 2014 - Methods for estimating magnitude and frequency of 1-, 3-, 7-, 15-, and 30-day flood-duration flows in Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-01T11:41:40","indexId":"sir20145109","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-10T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5109","title":"Methods for estimating magnitude and frequency of 1-, 3-, 7-, 15-, and 30-day flood-duration flows in Arizona","docAbstract":"Large floods have historically caused extensive damage in Arizona. Although peak-flow frequency estimates are required for managing the risk posed by floods, estimates of the frequency of sustained flood flow (flood-duration flow) are also useful for planning and assessing the adequacy of retention and conveyance structures and for water-resource planning. This report presents a flood-duration flow frequency analysis for selected durations (1 day, 3 day, 7 day, 15 day, and 30 day) at 173 streamgaging stations throughout Arizona and in western New Mexico. For each n-day duration, a log-Pearson type III distribution was fitted to the annual series of n-day flood-duration flows using the expected moments algorithm with a multiple Grubbs-Beck low-outlier test. Regional skews were developed independently for each n-day duration using a hybrid weighted least squares/generalized least squares method. No basin characteristics were found to adequately explain variation in skew among stations and a constant statewide skew model was used for all n-day durations. The regional skewness coefficient is negative for all n-day durations and becomes increasingly negative for longer n-day durations. Uncertainty associated with the skewness coefficient is estimated using a Bayesian generalized least squares technique.
\nRegression equations, which allow predictions of n-day flood-duration flows for selected annual exceedance probabilities at ungaged sites, were developed using generalized least-squares regression and flood-duration flow frequency estimates at 56 streamgaging stations within a single, relatively uniform physiographic region in the central part of Arizona, between the Colorado Plateau and Basin and Range Province, called the Transition Zone. Drainage area explained most of the variation in the n-day flood-duration annual exceedance probabilities, but mean annual precipitation and mean elevation were also significant variables in the regression models. Standard error of prediction for the regression equations varies from 28 to 53 percent and generally decreases with increasing n-day duration. Outside the Transition Zone there are insufficient streamgaging stations to develop regression equations, but flood-duration flow frequency estimates are presented at select streamgaging stations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145109","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Flood Control District of Maricopa County","usgsCitation":"Kennedy, J.R., Paretti, N., and Veilleux, A.G., 2014, Methods for estimating magnitude and frequency of 1-, 3-, 7-, 15-, and 30-day flood-duration flows in Arizona (Version 1.0: December 9, 2014; Version 1.1: April 1, 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5109, Report: v, 35 p.; 3 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145109.","productDescription":"Report: v, 35 p.; 3 Appendices","numberOfPages":"45","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-037880","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299247,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145109.gif"},{"id":296576,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5109/"},{"id":296577,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5109/downloads/sir2014-5109.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":296578,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5109/downloads/Appendix_1_station_estimates.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"152 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 1"},{"id":296579,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5109/downloads/Appendix_2_station_variance.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2","size":"140 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 2"},{"id":296580,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5109/downloads/Appendix_3.pdf","text":"Appendix 3","size":"267 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 3"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.00634765625,\n 37.055177106660814\n ],\n [\n -108.984375,\n 31.31610138349565\n ],\n [\n -111.1376953125,\n 31.259769987394286\n ],\n [\n -114.98291015625,\n 32.47269502206151\n ],\n [\n -114.873046875,\n 36.19109202182454\n ],\n [\n -114.14794921875,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -109.00634765625,\n 37.055177106660814\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: December 9, 2014; Version 1.1: April 1, 2015","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54896eb4e4b027aeab781280","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kennedy, Jeffrey R. 0000-0002-3365-6589 jkennedy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3365-6589","contributorId":2172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jkennedy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paretti, Nicholas V. nparetti@usgs.gov","contributorId":802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paretti","given":"Nicholas V.","email":"nparetti@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":518928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Veilleux, Andrea G. aveilleux@usgs.gov","contributorId":4404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veilleux","given":"Andrea","email":"aveilleux@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70135156,"text":"70135156 - 2014 - Predicting spatial and temporal distribution of Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois volitans) in Biscayne Bay through habitat suitability modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-22T18:40:45","indexId":"70135156","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-10T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting spatial and temporal distribution of Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois volitans) in Biscayne Bay through habitat suitability modeling","docAbstract":"Invasive species may exhibit higher levels of growth and reproduction when environmental conditions are most suitable, and thus their effects on native fauna may be intensified. Understanding potential impacts of these species, especially in the nascent stages of a biological invasion, requires critical information concerning spatial and temporal distributions of habitat suitability. Using empirically supported environmental variables (e.g., temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, rugosity, and benthic substrate), our models predicted habitat suitability for the invasive lionfish (Pterois volitans) in Biscayne Bay, Florida. The use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as a platform for the modeling process allowed us to quantify correlations between temporal (seasonal) fluctuations in the above variables and the spatial distribution of five discrete habitat quality classes, whose ranges are supported by statistical deviations from the apparent best conditions described in prior studies. Analysis of the resulting models revealed little fluctuation in spatial extent of the five habitat classes on a monthly basis. Class 5, which represented the area with environmental variables closest to the best conditions for lionfish, occupied approximately one-third of Biscayne Bay, with subsequent habitats declining in area. A key finding from this study was that habitat suitability increased eastward from the coastline, where higher quality habitats were adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean and displayed marine levels of ambient water quality. Corroboration of the models with sightings from the USGS-NAS database appeared to support our findings by nesting 79 % of values within habitat class 5; however, field testing (i.e., lionfish surveys) is necessary to confirm the relationship between habitat classes and lionfish distribution.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10530-014-0819-6","usgsCitation":"Bernal, N.A., DeAngelis, D., Schofield, P.J., and Sullivan Sealey, K., 2014, Predicting spatial and temporal distribution of Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois volitans) in Biscayne Bay through habitat suitability modeling: Biological Invasions, v. 17, no. 6, p. 1603-1614, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-014-0819-6.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1603","endPage":"1614","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051582","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296572,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Biscayne Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.42816162109375,\n 25.23972731233395\n ],\n [\n -80.42816162109375,\n 25.888878582127084\n ],\n [\n -80.013427734375,\n 25.888878582127084\n ],\n [\n -80.013427734375,\n 25.23972731233395\n ],\n [\n -80.42816162109375,\n 25.23972731233395\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54896eb5e4b027aeab781284","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bernal, Nicholas A.","contributorId":127809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernal","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7162,"text":"University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":2860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schofield, Pamela J. 0000-0002-8752-2797 pschofield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8752-2797","contributorId":917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schofield","given":"Pamela","email":"pschofield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sullivan Sealey, Kathleen","contributorId":127810,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sullivan Sealey","given":"Kathleen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5112,"text":"University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70133618,"text":"ofr20141233 - 2014 - Quality-assurance and data-management plan for water-quality activities in the Kansas Water Science Center, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-10T10:16:31","indexId":"ofr20141233","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-10T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1233","title":"Quality-assurance and data-management plan for water-quality activities in the Kansas Water Science Center, 2014","docAbstract":"As the Nation’s largest water, earth, and biological science and civilian mapping information agency, the U.S. Geological Survey is relied on to collect high-quality data, and produce factual and impartial interpretive reports. This quality-assurance and data-management plan provides guidance for water-quality activities conducted by the Kansas Water Science Center. Policies and procedures are documented for activities related to planning, collecting, storing, documenting, tracking, verifying, approving, archiving, and disseminating water-quality data. The policies and procedures described in this plan complement quality-assurance plans for continuous water-quality monitoring, surface-water, and groundwater activities in Kansas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141233","usgsCitation":"Rasmussen, T.J., Bennett, T.J., Foster, G., Graham, J.L., and Putnam, J.E., 2014, Quality-assurance and data-management plan for water-quality activities in the Kansas Water Science Center, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1233, vii, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141233.","productDescription":"vii, 41 p.","numberOfPages":"53","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052134","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296570,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141233.jpg"},{"id":296568,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1233/"},{"id":296569,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1233/pdf/of2014-1233.pdf","size":"824 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.0849609375,\n 40.07807142745009\n ],\n [\n -94.52636718749999,\n 40.06125658140474\n ],\n [\n -94.6142578125,\n 36.949891786813296\n ],\n [\n -102.15087890624999,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -102.0849609375,\n 40.07807142745009\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54896eb6e4b027aeab781286","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rasmussen, Teresa J. 0000-0002-7023-3868 rasmuss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7023-3868","contributorId":3336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Teresa","email":"rasmuss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, Trudy J. trudyben@usgs.gov","contributorId":4218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Trudy","email":"trudyben@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foster, Guy M. gfoster@usgs.gov","contributorId":3437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Guy M.","email":"gfoster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graham, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-6420-9335 jlgraham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6420-9335","contributorId":1769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlgraham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Putnam, James E. jputnam@usgs.gov","contributorId":2021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putnam","given":"James","email":"jputnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70134346,"text":"sir20145221 - 2014 - Hydrogeologic framework and groundwater/surface-water interactions of the South Fork Nooksack River Basin, northwestern Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-10T09:26:48","indexId":"sir20145221","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-10T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5221","title":"Hydrogeologic framework and groundwater/surface-water interactions of the South Fork Nooksack River Basin, northwestern Washington","docAbstract":"A hydrogeologic framework of the South Fork (SF) Nooksack River Basin in northwestern Washington was developed and hydrologic data were collected to characterize the groundwater-flow system and its interaction with surface‑water features. In addition to domestic, agricultural, and commercial uses of groundwater within the SF Nooksack River Basin, groundwater has the potential to provide ecological benefits by maintaining late-summer streamflows and buffering stream temperatures. Cold-water refugia, created and maintained in part by groundwater, have been identified by water-resource managers as key elements to restore the health and viability of threatened salmonids in the SF Nooksack River. The SF Nooksack River drains a 183-square mile area of the North Cascades and the Puget Lowland underlain by unconsolidated glacial and alluvial sediments deposited over older sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous bedrock. The primary aquifer that interacts with the SF Nooksack River was mapped within unconsolidated glacial outwash and alluvial sediment. The lower extent of this unit is bounded by bedrock and fine-grained, poorly sorted unconsolidated glaciomarine and glaciolacustrine sediments. In places, these deposits overlie and confine an aquifer within older glacial sediments. The extent and thickness of the hydrogeologic units were assembled from mapped geologic units and lithostratigraphic logs of field-inventoried wells. Generalized groundwater-flow directions within the surficial aquifer were interpreted from groundwater levels measured in August 2012; and groundwater seepage gains and losses to the SF Nooksack River were calculated from synoptic streamflow measurements made in the SF Nooksack River and its tributaries in September 2012. A subset of the field-inventoried wells was measured at a monthly interval to determine seasonal fluctuations in groundwater levels during water year 2013. Taken together, these data provide the foundation for a future groundwater-flow model of the SF Nooksack River Basin that may be used to investigate the potential effects of future climate change, land use, and groundwater pumping on water resources in the study area. Site-specific hydrologic data, including time series of longitudinal temperature profiles measured with a fiber-optic distributed temperature sensor and continuous monitoring of stream stage and water levels measured in wells in adjacent wetlands and aquifers, also were measured to characterize the interaction among the SF Nooksack River, surficial aquifers, and riparian wetlands.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145221","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nooksack Indian Tribe","usgsCitation":"Gendaszek, A.S., 2014, Hydrogeologic framework and groundwater/surface-water interactions of the South Fork Nooksack River Basin, northwestern Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5221, Report: vi, 36 p.; 2 Plates: 20.04 x 14.65 inches and 29.76 x 15 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145221.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 36 p.; 2 Plates: 20.04 x 14.65 inches and 29.76 x 15 inches","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059387","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296559,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145221.jpg"},{"id":296556,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5221/pdf/sir2014-5221.pdf","size":"5.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296557,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5221/downloads/sir2014-5221_plate1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"1.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296558,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5221/downloads/sir2014-5221_plate2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"1.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296553,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5221/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"South Fork Noooksack River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.640625,\n 48.58932584966972\n ],\n [\n -121.6845703125,\n 48.09275716032736\n ],\n [\n -120.38818359375,\n 48.09275716032736\n ],\n [\n -120.43212890625,\n 48.58932584966972\n ],\n [\n -121.640625,\n 48.58932584966972\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54896eb4e4b027aeab78127e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gendaszek, Andrew S. 0000-0002-2373-8986 agendasz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2373-8986","contributorId":3509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gendaszek","given":"Andrew","email":"agendasz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70133043,"text":"sir20145205 - 2014 - Water quality in Indiana: trends in concentrations of selected nutrients, metals, and ions in streams, 2000-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-10T10:23:15","indexId":"sir20145205","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-10T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5205","title":"Water quality in Indiana: trends in concentrations of selected nutrients, metals, and ions in streams, 2000-10","docAbstract":"Water quality in Indiana streams generally improved during the 2000–10 study period, based on trends in selected nutrients, metals, and ions. This study combined water-quality data from the Indiana Fixed Station Monitoring Program (FSMP) with streamflow data from nearby U.S. Geological Survey streamgages. A parametric time-series model, QWTREND, was used to develop streamflow-adjusted constituent concentrations, to adjust for seasonal variance and serial correlation, and to identify trends independent of streamflow-related variability. This study examined 7,345 water samples from 57 FSMP sites for 11 years. Concentration trends were analyzed for 12 constituents—the nutrients nitrate, organic nitrogen, and phosphorus; suspended solids; the metals copper, iron, lead, and zinc; the ions chloride, and sulfate together with hardness as a measure of the calcium carbonate ion; and dissolved solids.
\n\n
Nutrient concentrations in this study generally were too high relative to standards and criteria. The national recommended criteria for the three ecoregions in Indiana were exceeded by more than one-half of the nitrate and most of the phosphorus concentrations. Copper, lead, zinc, chloride, sulfate, and dissolved solids concentrations were in acceptable ranges relative to standards and criteria in more than 97 percent of samples. The two Lake Michigan Basin sites had the highest concentrations and were in a unique statistical group for 10 of the 12 constituents, with concentrations many times higher than the statewide median and higher than the medians of most other basins. The two Ohio River Basin sites had the lowest concentrations and were in a unique statistical group for 6 of the 12 constituents.
\n\n
Statistically significant trends were identified that included 167 downward trends and 83 upward trends. The Kankakee River Basin had the most significant upward trends while the most significant downward trends were in the Whitewater River Basin, the Lake Michigan Basin, and the Patoka River Basin. For most constituents, a majority of sites had significant downward trends. Two streams in the Lake Michigan Basin have shown substantial decreases in most constituents. The West Fork White River near Indianapolis, Indiana, showed increases in nitrate and phosphorus and the Kankakee River Basin showed increases in copper, zinc, chloride, sulfate, and hardness. Upward trends in nutrients were identified at a few sites, but most nutrient trends were downward. Upward trends in metals corresponded with relatively small concentration increases while downward trends involved considerably larger concentration changes. Downward trends in chloride, sulfate, and suspended solids were observed statewide, but upward trends in hardness were observed in the northern half of Indiana.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145205","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Environmental Management.","usgsCitation":"Risch, M.R., Bunch, A.R., Vecchia, A.V., Martin, J.D., and Baker, N.T., 2014, Water quality in Indiana: trends in concentrations of selected nutrients, metals, and ions in streams, 2000-10: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5205, vi, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145205.","productDescription":"vi, 47 p.","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2000-01-01","ipdsId":"IP-054301","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296571,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145205.jpg"},{"id":296554,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5205/"},{"id":296555,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5205/pdf/sir2014-5205.pdf","size":"20.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.5390625,\n 41.83682786072714\n ],\n [\n -84.57275390625,\n 41.85319643776675\n ],\n [\n -84.66064453125,\n 38.839707613545144\n ],\n [\n -86.2646484375,\n 37.666429212090605\n ],\n [\n -88.41796875,\n 37.80544394934274\n ],\n [\n -87.78076171875,\n 38.94232097947902\n ],\n [\n -87.5390625,\n 41.83682786072714\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54896eb8e4b027aeab78128c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risch, Martin R. 0000-0002-7908-7887 mrrisch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7908-7887","contributorId":2118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risch","given":"Martin","email":"mrrisch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":524256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bunch, Aubrey R. 0000-0002-2453-3624 aurbunch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2453-3624","contributorId":4351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunch","given":"Aubrey","email":"aurbunch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":524257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vecchia, Aldo V. 0000-0002-2661-4401 avecchia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4401","contributorId":1173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"Aldo","email":"avecchia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":524258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, Jeffrey D. 0000-0003-1994-5285 jdmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1994-5285","contributorId":1066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jdmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":524259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baker, Nancy T. 0000-0002-7979-5744 ntbaker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7979-5744","contributorId":1955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Nancy","email":"ntbaker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":524260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70168862,"text":"70168862 - 2014 - Small crater modification on Meridiani Planum and implications for erosion rates and climate change on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-18T11:35:58","indexId":"70168862","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Small crater modification on Meridiani Planum and implications for erosion rates and climate change on Mars","docAbstract":"A morphometric and morphologic catalog of ~100 small craters imaged by the Opportunity rover over the 33.5 km traverse between Eagle and Endeavour craters on Meridiani Planum shows craters in six stages of degradation that range from fresh and blocky to eroded and shallow depressions ringed by planed off rim blocks. The age of each morphologic class from <50–200 ka to ~20 Ma has been determined from the size-frequency distribution of craters in the catalog, the retention age of small craters on Meridiani Planum, and the age of the latest phase of ripple migration. The rate of degradation of the craters has been determined from crater depth, rim height, and ejecta removal over the class age. These rates show a rapid decrease from ~1 m/Myr for craters <1 Ma to ~ <0.1 m/Myr for craters 10–20 Ma, which can be explained by topographic diffusion with modeled diffusivities of ~10−6 m2/yr. In contrast to these relatively fast, short-term erosion rates, previously estimated average erosion rates on Mars over ~100 Myr and 3 Gyr timescales from the Amazonian and Hesperian are of order <0.01 m/Myr, which is 3–4 orders of magnitude slower than typical terrestrial rates. Erosion rates during the Middle-Late Noachian averaged over ~250 Myr, and ~700 Myr intervals are around 1 m/Myr, comparable to slow terrestrial erosion rates calculated over similar timescales. This argues for a wet climate before ~3 Ga in which liquid water was the erosional agent, followed by a dry environment dominated by slow eolian erosion.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014JE004658","usgsCitation":"Golombek, M., Warner, N., Ganti, V., Lamb, M., Parker, T.J., Fergason, R.L., and Sullivan, R., 2014, Small crater modification on Meridiani Planum and implications for erosion rates and climate change on Mars: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 119, no. 12, p. 2522-2547, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JE004658.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"2522","endPage":"2547","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056075","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472582,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20181127-133838350","text":"External Repository"},{"id":318698,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56e005ece4b015c306fd0f8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Golombek, M.P.","contributorId":52696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golombek","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warner, N.H.","contributorId":167363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Warner","given":"N.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24701,"text":"JPL, SUNY Geneseo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ganti, V.","contributorId":167364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ganti","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13711,"text":"Caltech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lamb, M.P.","contributorId":167365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lamb","given":"M.P.","affiliations":[{"id":13711,"text":"Caltech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parker, T. J.","contributorId":30776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parker","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fergason, Robin L. 0000-0002-2044-1714 rfergason@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2044-1714","contributorId":2753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fergason","given":"Robin","email":"rfergason@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sullivan, R.","contributorId":63134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70128303,"text":"sir20145197 - 2014 - Seepage investigation on the Rio Grande from below Caballo Reservoir, New Mexico, to El Paso, Texas, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-09T15:28:35","indexId":"sir20145197","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-09T16:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5197","title":"Seepage investigation on the Rio Grande from below Caballo Reservoir, New Mexico, to El Paso, Texas, 2012","docAbstract":"A seepage investigation was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New Mexico Interstate Stream Commission, along an approximately 106-mile reach of the Rio Grande from below Caballo Reservoir, New Mexico, to El Paso, Texas, during June 26–28, 2012, to determine gain or loss of streamflow due to seepage to or from the river channel. Discharge measurements were made during the irrigation season at high flow including 5 sites along the Rio Grande, 5 diversions, and 63 inflows. The net gain or loss of flow in the river channel was computed for four reaches within the 106-mile reach of the Rio Grande. The normalized percentage difference was computed for each reach to determine the difference between discharge measured at upstream and downstream sites, and the normalized percentage uncertainty was computed to determine if a computed gain or loss exceeded cumulative uncertainty associated with measurement of discharge.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145197","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Mexico Interstate Stream Commission","usgsCitation":"Gunn, M.A., and Roark, D., 2014, Seepage investigation on the Rio Grande from below Caballo Reservoir, New Mexico, to El Paso, Texas, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5197, vii, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145197.","productDescription":"vii, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2012-06-26","temporalEnd":"2012-06-28","ipdsId":"IP-050893","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296552,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145197.jpg"},{"id":296550,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5197/"},{"id":296551,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5197/pdf/sir2014-5197.pdf","size":"816 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"New Mexico, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Rio Grande River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.41333007812499,\n 31.56449510799119\n ],\n [\n -107.41333007812499,\n 32.99023555965106\n ],\n [\n -106.1883544921875,\n 32.99023555965106\n ],\n [\n -106.1883544921875,\n 31.56449510799119\n ],\n [\n -107.41333007812499,\n 31.56449510799119\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54881d56e4b02acb4f0c8c18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gunn, Mark A. mgunn@usgs.gov","contributorId":4405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunn","given":"Mark","email":"mgunn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roark, D. 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We also found that the rate of infestation depends on the dominant Dreissena species in the lake: zebra mussels infested unionids much more often and in greater numbers. Consequently, the proportion of infested unionids, as well as the number and weight of attached dreissenids were lower in waterbodies dominated by quagga mussels. This is the first large-scale systematic study that revealed how minor differences between two taxonomically and functionally related invaders may have large consequences for native communities they invade.
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and change in water in storage in the High Plains aquifer, predevelopment to 2013 and 2011-13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-22T16:27:41","indexId":"sir20145218","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-09T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5218","title":"Water-level changes and change in water in storage in the High Plains aquifer, predevelopment to 2013 and 2011-13","docAbstract":"The High Plains aquifer underlies 111.8 million acres (about 175,000 square miles) in parts of eight States—Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. Water-level declines began in parts of the High Plains aquifer soon after the beginning of substantial irrigation with groundwater in the aquifer area (about 1950). This report presents water-level changes in the High Plains aquifer from predevelopment (generally before 1950) to 2013 and from 2011 to 2013. The report also presents change in water in storage in the High Plains aquifer from predevelopment to 2013 and from 2011 to 2013.
\nThe methods to calculate area-weighted, average water-level changes; change in water in storage; and total water in storage for this report used geospatial data layers organized as rasters with a cell size of 500 meters by 500 meters, which is an area of about 62 acres. These methods were used to provide a raster dataset of water-level changes for other uses.
\nWater-level changes from predevelopment to 2013, by well, ranged from a rise of 85 feet to a decline of 256 feet. Water-level changes from 2011 to 2013, by well, ranged from a rise of 19 feet to a decline of 44 feet. The area-weighted, average water-level changes in the aquifer were an overall decline of 15.4 feet from predevelopment to 2013, and a decline of 2.1 feet from 2011 to 2013. Total water in storage in the aquifer in 2013 was about 2.92 billion acre-feet, which was a decline of about 266.7 million acre-feet since predevelopment and a decline of 36.0 million acre-feet from 2011 to 2013.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145218","usgsCitation":"McGuire, V.L., 2014, Water-level changes and change in water in storage in the High Plains aquifer, predevelopment to 2013 and 2011-13: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5218, Report: iv, 14 p.; Ersi grid file; ASCII file; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145218.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 14 p.; Ersi grid file; ASCII file; Metadata","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-060049","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296489,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5218/"},{"id":296491,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/sir2014-5218_hp_wlcpd13g.zip","text":"Ersi grid format"},{"id":296492,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/sir2014-5218_hp_wlcpd13a.zip","text":"ASCII format"},{"id":296490,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5218/pdf/sir2014_5218.pdf","size":"1.47 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296499,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145218.jpg"},{"id":335989,"rank":6,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/sir2014-5218_hp_wlcpd13.xml"}],"scale":"2000000","projection":"Albers Equal-Area projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"High Plains aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.9521484375,\n 31.42866311735861\n ],\n [\n -105.9521484375,\n 44.05601169578525\n ],\n [\n -97.91015624999999,\n 44.05601169578525\n ],\n [\n -97.91015624999999,\n 31.42866311735861\n ],\n [\n -105.9521484375,\n 31.42866311735861\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"Groundwater Resources Program","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54881d56e4b02acb4f0c8c1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGuire, Virginia L. 0000-0002-3962-4158 vlmcguir@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3962-4158","contributorId":404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"Virginia","email":"vlmcguir@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70126552,"text":"sir20105090S - 2014 - Potash: a global overview of evaporate-related potash resources, including spatial databases of deposits, occurrences, and permissive tracts","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70126552,"text":"sir20105090S - 2014 - Potash: a global overview of evaporate-related potash resources, including spatial databases of deposits, occurrences, and permissive tracts","indexId":"sir20105090S","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"S","title":"Potash: a global overview of evaporate-related potash resources, including spatial databases of deposits, occurrences, and permissive tracts"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70040436,"text":"sir20105090 - 2010 - Global mineral resource assessment","indexId":"sir20105090","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Global mineral resource assessment"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70040436,"text":"sir20105090 - 2010 - Global mineral resource assessment","indexId":"sir20105090","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Global mineral resource assessment"},"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-01T19:10:12.017712","indexId":"sir20105090S","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-09T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5090","chapter":"S","title":"Potash: a global overview of evaporate-related potash resources, including spatial databases of deposits, occurrences, and permissive tracts","docAbstract":"Potash is mined worldwide to provide potassium, an essential nutrient for food crops. Evaporite-hosted potash deposits are the largest source of salts that contain potassium in water-soluble form, including potassium chloride, potassium-magnesium chloride, potassium sulfate, and potassium nitrate. Thick sections of evaporitic salt that form laterally continuous strata in sedimentary evaporite basins are the most common host for stratabound and halokinetic potash-bearing salt deposits. Potash-bearing basins may host tens of millions to more than 100 billion metric tons of potassium oxide (K2O). Examples of these deposits include those in the Elk Point Basin in Canada, the Pripyat Basin in Belarus, the Solikamsk Basin in Russia, and the Zechstein Basin in Germany.
\nThis report describes a global, evaporite-related potash deposits and occurrences database and a potash tracts database. Chapter 1 summarizes potash resource history and use. Chapter 2 describes a global potash deposits and occurrences database, which contains more than 900 site records. Chapter 3 describes a potash tracts database, which contains 84 tracts with geology permissive for the presence of evaporite-hosted potash resources, including areas with active evaporite-related potash production, areas with known mineralization that has not been quantified or exploited, and areas with potential for undiscovered potash resources. Chapter 4 describes geographic information system (GIS) data files that include (1) potash deposits and occurrences data, (2) potash tract data, (3) reference databases for potash deposit and tract data, and (4) representative graphics of geologic features related to potash tracts and deposits. Summary descriptive models for stratabound potash-bearing salt and halokinetic potash-bearing salt are included in appendixes A and B, respectively. A glossary of salt- and potash-related terms is contained in appendix C and a list of database abbreviations is given in appendix D. Appendix E describes GIS data files, and appendix F is a guide to using the geodatabase.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global mineral resource assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105090S","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Saskatchewan Geological Survey, the Polish Geological Institute, the Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources, the Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières, the Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschften und Rohstoffe, and the Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia.","usgsCitation":"Orris, G.J., Cocker, M.D., Dunlap, P., Wynn, J.C., Spanski, G.T., Briggs, D.A., Gass, L., Bliss, J.D., Bolm, K.S., Yang, C., Lipin, B.R., Ludington, S., Miller, R.J., and Slowakiewicz, M., 2014, Potash: a global overview of evaporate-related potash resources, including spatial databases of deposits, occurrences, and permissive tracts: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5090, Report: vi, 76 p.; Readme; 3 GIS Packages, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105090S.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 76 p.; Readme; 3 GIS Packages","numberOfPages":"84","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-026566","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296498,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20105090s.gif"},{"id":301211,"rank":6,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/s/"},{"id":296497,"rank":5,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/s/PotashXL.zip","text":"GIS Package","size":"600 kB","linkHelpText":"Contains: database in Excel format."},{"id":296495,"rank":3,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/s/PotashGIS.zip","text":"GIS Package","size":"75 MB","linkHelpText":"Contains: geospatial database in Arc GIS format"},{"id":296494,"rank":2,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/s/1_readme.txt","size":"16 kB"},{"id":296493,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/s/pdf/sir2010-5090-S.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296496,"rank":4,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/s/PotashKML.zip","text":"GIS Package","size":"6 MB","linkHelpText":"Contains: geospatial database in KML format."}],"publicComments":"This report is Chapter S in Global mineral resource assessment. 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Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Spanski, Gregory T.","contributorId":43806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spanski","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Briggs, Deborah A. dbriggs@usgs.gov","contributorId":5722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Deborah","email":"dbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gass, Leila 0000-0002-3436-262X lgass@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3436-262X","contributorId":3770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gass","given":"Leila","email":"lgass@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bliss, James D. jbliss@usgs.gov","contributorId":2790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"James","email":"jbliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bolm, Karen S.","contributorId":127772,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bolm","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Yang, Chao","contributorId":119386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Chao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lipin, Bruce R. blipin@usgs.gov","contributorId":5723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipin","given":"Bruce","email":"blipin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":526692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Ludington, Stephen slud@usgs.gov","contributorId":3093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludington","given":"Stephen","email":"slud@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Miller, Robert J. rjmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":2516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Robert","email":"rjmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Slowakiewicz, Miroslaw","contributorId":117008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slowakiewicz","given":"Miroslaw","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70127553,"text":"sir20145191 - 2014 - Lidar point density analysis: implications for identifying water bodies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T11:23:08","indexId":"sir20145191","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-09T08:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5191","title":"Lidar point density analysis: implications for identifying water bodies","docAbstract":"Most airborne topographic light detection and ranging (lidar) systems operate within the near-infrared spectrum. Laser pulses from these systems frequently are absorbed by water and therefore do not generate reflected returns on water bodies in the resulting void regions within the lidar point cloud. Thus, an analysis of lidar voids has implications for identifying water bodies. Data analysis techniques to detect reduced lidar return densities were evaluated for test sites in Blackhawk County, Iowa, and Beltrami County, Minnesota, to delineate contiguous areas that have few or no lidar returns. Results from this study indicated a 5-meter radius moving window with fewer than 23 returns (28 percent of the moving window) was sufficient for delineating void regions. Techniques to provide elevation values for void regions to flatten water features and to force channel flow in the downstream direction also are presented.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145191","usgsCitation":"Worstell, B.B., Poppenga, S.K., Evans, G.A., and Prince, S., 2014, Lidar point density analysis: implications for identifying water bodies: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5191, iv, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145191.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045281","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296488,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145191.jpg"},{"id":296487,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5191/pdf/sir2014-5191.pdf"},{"id":296478,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5191/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54881d2ae4b02acb4f0c8c12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Worstell, Bruce B. 0000-0001-8927-3336 worstell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8927-3336","contributorId":1815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worstell","given":"Bruce","email":"worstell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poppenga, Sandra K. 0000-0002-2846-6836 spoppenga@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2846-6836","contributorId":3327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppenga","given":"Sandra","email":"spoppenga@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, Gayla A. 0000-0001-5072-4232 gevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5072-4232","contributorId":3125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Gayla","email":"gevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Prince, Sandra sprince@usgs.gov","contributorId":5191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prince","given":"Sandra","email":"sprince@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":526680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70169995,"text":"70169995 - 2014 - Mercury and halogens in coal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-03T15:25:14.136766","indexId":"70169995","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-05T07:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"2","title":"Mercury and halogens in coal","docAbstract":"Apart from mercury itself, coal rank and halogen content are among the most important factors inherent in coal that determine the proportion of mercury captured by conventional controls during coal combustion. This chapter reviews how mercury in coal occurs, gives available concentration data for mercury in U.S. and international commercial coals, and provides an overview of the natural variation in halogens that influence mercury capture. Three databases, the U.S. Geological Survey coal quality (USGS COALQUAL) database for in-ground coals, and the 1999 and 2010 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Information Collection Request (ICR) databases for coals delivered to power stations, provide extensive results for mercury and other parameters that are compared in this chapter. In addition to the United States, detailed characterization of mercury is available on a nationwide basis for China, whose mean values in recent compilations are very similar to the United States in-ground mean of 0.17 ppm mercury. Available data for the next five largest producers (India, Australia, South Africa, the Russian Federation, and Indonesia) are more limited and with the possible exceptions of Australia and the Russian Federation, do not allow nationwide means for mercury in coal to be calculated. Chlorine in coal varies as a function of rank and correspondingly, depth of burial. As discussed elsewhere in this volume, on a proportional basis, bromine is more effective than chlorine in promoting mercury oxidation in flue gas and capture by conventional controls. The ratio of bromine to chlorine in coal is indicative of the proportion of halogens present in formation waters within a coal basin. This ratio is relatively constant except in coals that have interacted with deep-basin brines that have reached halite saturation, enriching residual fluids in bromine. Results presented here help optimize mercury capture by conventional controls and provide a starting point for implementation of mercury-specific controls discussed elsewhere in this volume.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mercury control: For coal-derived gas streams","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-VCH","publisherLocation":"Weinhem, Germany","doi":"10.1002/9783527658787.ch2","usgsCitation":"Kolker, A., and Quick, J.C., 2014, Mercury and halogens in coal, chap. 2 of Mercury control: For coal-derived gas streams, p. 13-44, https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527658787.ch2.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"44","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037036","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320014,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570e1c34e4b0ef3b7ca24c37","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Granite, Evan J.","contributorId":168580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Granite","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626585,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pennline, Henry W.","contributorId":168581,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pennline","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626586,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Senior, Constance L.","contributorId":131002,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Senior","given":"Constance","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7205,"text":"ADA-ES, Inc. Littleton, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626587,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Kolker, Allan 0000-0002-5768-4533 akolker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533","contributorId":643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolker","given":"Allan","email":"akolker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quick, Jeffrey C.","contributorId":168408,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quick","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":17626,"text":"Utah Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70134761,"text":"sir20145208 - 2014 - Debris flow from 2012 failure of moraine-dammed lake, Three Fingered Jack volcano, Mount Jefferson Wilderness, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-04T16:21:35","indexId":"sir20145208","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-04T17:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5208","title":"Debris flow from 2012 failure of moraine-dammed lake, Three Fingered Jack volcano, Mount Jefferson Wilderness, Oregon","docAbstract":"In the late spring or early summer of 2012, a flood emanated from a small moraine-dammed lake on the northeast flank of Three Fingered Jack in the Mount Jefferson Wilderness. Channel erosion or slope collapse breached the natural dam of the lake, leading to a sudden lowering of lake level by 2.8 m and discharge of 12,700 cubic meters (m3) of water. The resulting debris flow formed a bouldery deposit extending about 0.35 km downslope.
\n\n
The Three Fingered Jack debris flow is one of several that have issued from moraine-dammed lakes in the Oregon Cascade Range. A thorough summary of those lakes and the hazards associated with them was published in 2001, based largely on fieldwork by Jim O’Connor and Jasper Hardison in the early 1990s. Described here are details of the 2012 event, an update to the O’Connor story begun earlier.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145208","usgsCitation":"Sherrod, D.R., and Wills, B.B., 2014, Debris flow from 2012 failure of moraine-dammed lake, Three Fingered Jack volcano, Mount Jefferson Wilderness, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5208, v, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145208.","productDescription":"v, 13 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057132","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296457,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145208.jpg"},{"id":296456,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5208/pdf/sir2014-5208.pdf","size":"10.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296455,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5208/"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"World Geodetic System Datum of 1984","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Moraine-Dammed Lake, Mount Jefferson Wilderness, Three Fingered Jack Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.871337890625,\n 43.77902662160831\n ],\n [\n -121.871337890625,\n 44.5826428195842\n ],\n [\n -120.36621093749999,\n 44.5826428195842\n ],\n [\n -120.36621093749999,\n 43.77902662160831\n ],\n [\n -121.871337890625,\n 43.77902662160831\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548185a7e4b0aa6d778520d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wills, Barton B.","contributorId":127707,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wills","given":"Barton","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6762,"text":"U.S. Forest Service, La Grande, Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70129336,"text":"ofr20141216 - 2014 - Fluvial sediment fingerprinting: literature review and annotated bibliography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-12T20:06:58","indexId":"ofr20141216","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-04T16:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1216","title":"Fluvial sediment fingerprinting: literature review and annotated bibliography","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey has evaluated and adopted various field methods for collecting real-time sediment and nutrient data. These methods have proven to be valuable representations of sediment and nutrient concentrations and loads but are not able to accurately identify specific source areas. Recently, more advanced data collection and analysis techniques have been evaluated that show promise in identifying specific source areas. Application of field methods could include studies of sources of fluvial sediment, otherwise referred to as sediment “fingerprinting.” The identification of sediment is important, in part, because knowing the primary sediment source areas in watersheds ensures that best management practices are incorporated in areas that maximize reductions in sediment loadings. This report provides a literature review and annotated bibliography of existing methodologies applied in the field of fluvial sediment fingerprinting. This literature review provides a bibliography of publications where sediment fingerprinting methods have been used; however, this report is not assumed to provide an exhaustive listing. Selected publications were categorized by methodology with some additional summary information. The information contained in the summary may help researchers select methods better suited to their particular study or study area, and identify methods in need of more testing and application.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141216","usgsCitation":"Williamson, J., Haj, A.E., Stamm, J., Valder, J., and Prautzch, V.L., 2014, Fluvial sediment fingerprinting: literature review and annotated bibliography: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1216, Report: iii, 8 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141216.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 8 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059427","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296451,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141216.jpg"},{"id":296448,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1216/"},{"id":296449,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1216/pdf/ofr2014-1216.pdf","size":"336 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296450,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1216/Sediment_fingerprinting_references.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"36 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548185afe4b0aa6d778520d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williamson, Joyce E. jewillia@usgs.gov","contributorId":1964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"Joyce E.","email":"jewillia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haj, Adel E. Jr. ahaj@usgs.gov","contributorId":4812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haj","given":"Adel","suffix":"Jr.","email":"ahaj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stamm, John F. 0000-0002-3404-2933 jstamm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3404-2933","contributorId":2859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamm","given":"John F.","email":"jstamm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valder, Joshua F. 0000-0003-3733-8868 jvalder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3733-8868","contributorId":1431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valder","given":"Joshua F.","email":"jvalder@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Prautzch, Vicki L.","contributorId":127704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prautzch","given":"Vicki","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70134735,"text":"70134735 - 2014 - Investigating organic matter in Fanno Creek, Oregon, Part 1 of 3: estimating annual foliar biomass for a deciduous-dominant urban riparian corridor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-05T11:10:14","indexId":"70134735","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-04T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigating organic matter in Fanno Creek, Oregon, Part 1 of 3: estimating annual foliar biomass for a deciduous-dominant urban riparian corridor","docAbstract":"For this study, we explored the amount, type, and distribution of foliar biomass that is deposited annually as leaf litter to Fanno Creek and its floodplain in Portland, Oregon, USA. Organic matter is a significant contributor to the decreased dissolved oxygen concentrations observed in Fanno Creek each year and leaf litter is amongst the largest sources of organic matter to the stream channel and floodplain. Using a combination of field measurements and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) point cloud data, the annual foliar biomass was estimated for 13 stream reaches along the creek. Biomass estimates were divided into two sets: (1) the annual foliage available from the entire floodplain overstory canopy, and (2) the annual foliage overhanging the stream, which likely contributes leaf litter directly to the creek each year. Based on these computations, an estimated 991 (±22%) metric tons (tonnes, t) of foliar biomass is produced annually above the floodplain, with about 136 t (±24%) of that foliage falling directly into Fanno Creek. The distribution of foliar biomass varies by reach, with between 150 and 640 t/km2 produced along the floodplain and between 400 and 1100 t/km2 available over the channel. Biomass estimates vary by reach based primarily on the density of tree cover, with forest-dominant reaches containing more mature deciduous trees with broader tree canopies than either wetland or urban-dominant reaches, thus supplying more organic material to the creek. By quantifying the foliar biomass along Fanno Creek we have provided a reach-scale assessment of terrestrial organic matter loading, thereby providing land managers useful information for planning future restoration efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.06.054","collaboration":"Clean Water Services","usgsCitation":"Sobieszczyk, S., Keith, M., Rounds, S.A., and Goldman, J.H., 2014, Investigating organic matter in Fanno Creek, Oregon, Part 1 of 3: estimating annual foliar biomass for a deciduous-dominant urban riparian corridor: Journal of Hydrology, v. 519, no. 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The geohydrologic setting of the well site is typical of the dissected Appalachian Plateau underlain by Pennsylvanian and Mississippian sandstone and shale. The drilling, gamma, and acoustic-televiewer logs collected from the 575-foot deep tophole define the penetrated Pennsylvanian and Mississippian stratigraphic units and their lithology. The caliper, video, and acoustic-televiewer logs delineate multiple bedding-related and high-angle fractures in the lower Pottsville Group and Shenango Formation from 22 to 249 feet below land surface. The caliper and acoustic-televiewer logs indicate a sparsity of fractures below 249 feet below land surface in the lowermost Shenango Formation, Cuyahoga Group, Corry Sandstone, “Drake Well” formation, and upper Riceville Formation.
\n\n
About half of the blown yield during drilling of the tophole was from fractures in the upper Shenango Formation between 80 and 167 feet below land surface and the other half from fractures in the lower Shenango between 190 and 249 feet below land surface. Following drilling, fractures above the water level at about 145 feet below land surface produced freshwater with a specific conductance of less than 150 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius that cascaded down the hole. As indicated by the fluid resistivity and temperature logs, most of the downflow exited the hole at the water-bearing fractures at 249 feet below land surface. The downward flow in the tophole reflects the downward hydraulic gradient between the water-bearing fractures above the water level and those at 249 feet below land surface.
\n\n
Low conductivity and high resistivity values on the dual induction logs indicate freshwater above 285 feet below land surface in the Shenango sandstones, which is consistent with a specific conductance of blown yield of 400 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius at 200 feet below land surface. High conductivity and low resistivity values on the induction logs indicate the presence of saline water below 450 feet in the Corry Sandstone. The highest specific conductance of the blown yield, 1,200 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius, was measured at 480 feet below land surface following penetration of the Corry Sandstone.
\n\n
Collection and integrated analysis of drilling and geophysical logs provided an efficient and effective means for characterizing the geohydrologic framework and conditions penetrated by the tophole at the selected oil-and-gas well site. The logging methods and lessons learned at this well site could be applied at other oil-and-gas drilling sites to better characterize the shallow subsurface with the overall goal of protecting freshwater aquifers during hydrocarbon development.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141194","collaboration":"Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Bureau of Topographic and and Geologic Survey; Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Office of Oil and Gas Management","usgsCitation":"Williams, J., Bird, P.H., Conger, R.W., and Anderson, J.A., 2014, Drilling and geophysical logs of the tophole at an oil-and-gas well site, Central Venango County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1194, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141194.","productDescription":"8 p.","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056584","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296429,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141194.jpg"},{"id":296426,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1194/"},{"id":296427,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1194/pdf/ofr2014-1194.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Venango County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.16706466674805,\n 41.72623044860004\n ],\n [\n -80.16706466674805,\n 41.80215869613737\n ],\n [\n -80.0654411315918,\n 41.80215869613737\n ],\n [\n -80.0654411315918,\n 41.72623044860004\n ],\n [\n -80.16706466674805,\n 41.72623044860004\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548185ade4b0aa6d778520d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, John H. 0000-0002-6054-6908 jhwillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6054-6908","contributorId":1553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"jhwillia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bird, Philip H. 0000-0003-2088-8644 phbird@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2088-8644","contributorId":2085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"Philip","email":"phbird@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conger, Randall W. rwconger@usgs.gov","contributorId":2086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conger","given":"Randall","email":"rwconger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, J. Alton aanders@usgs.gov","contributorId":1602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"J.","email":"aanders@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alton","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}