There are few published descriptions of male-male combat in Lampropeltis spp. under natural conditions. Shaw (1951. Herpetologica 7:149-168) briefly described aggressive interactions between two captive male L. annulata (Mexican Milksnakes) that appeared to be associated with feeding, and Moehn (1967. Copeia 1967:480–481) described the \"combat dance\" between two male L. calligaster (Prairie Kingsnakes) in the field over a period of 30 minutes, with the snakes \"completely intertwined...\" and \"...in constant motion.\" Carpenter and Gillingham (1977. Southwest. Nat. 22:517–524) described and illustrated interactions of two male L. holbrooki (Speckled Kingsnake) in a small artificial enclosure. Tabulated categories of male–male combat behaviors in Boid, Colubrid, and Viperid snakes (including Lampropeltis spp.) have been compared in an attempt to relate behavior patterns to phylogenetic relationships (Senter et al. 2014. PLoS ONE 9(9): e107528).
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","usgsCitation":"Starr, S., Drost, C.A., and Holycross, A., 2021, Lampropeltis californiae (California kingsnake) behavior, male-male combat: Herpetological Review, v. 52, no. 1, p. 160-161.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"160","endPage":"161","ipdsId":"IP-119599","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384360,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":384334,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ssarherps.org/herpetological-review-pdfs/"}],"volume":"52","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Starr, S.","contributorId":255267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Starr","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":812048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drost, Charles A. 0000-0002-4792-7095 charles_drost@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4792-7095","contributorId":3151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drost","given":"Charles","email":"charles_drost@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":811910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holycross, A.T.","contributorId":79060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holycross","given":"A.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":812049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70219047,"text":"70219047 - 2021 - Characterization of deep-sea coral and sponge communities in Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary: Point Arena South Essential Fish Habitat Conservation Area and New Amendment 28 Areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-22T14:00:40.139087","indexId":"70219047","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-01T08:54:49","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7778,"text":"National Marine Sactuaries Conservation Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"title":"Characterization of deep-sea coral and sponge communities in Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary: Point Arena South Essential Fish Habitat Conservation Area and New Amendment 28 Areas","docAbstract":"This report summarizes samples collected during a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) cruise conducted in October 2019 on board E/V Nautilus. Areas sampled in Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary included areas proposed for fisheries management zoning in the Point Arena South (PAS) Essential Fish Habitat Conservation Area (EFH). Dive planning targeted habitats and biological communities of corals, sponges, and fishes in relation to the new, 2020 configuration of PAS EFH (hereafter referred to as PAS), which includes areas once closed to commercial bottom trawling and now opened to bottom trawling, once opened to bottom trawling and now closed, or that remain closed to commercial bottom trawling. Particular interest was given to enumerating deep-sea corals and sponges (DSCS) in these areas as they are long-lived, slow-growing species that are vulnerable to impacts from bottom trawling. Fish species were also enumerated. These data provide the most recent assessment and characterization for a portion of these areas before the final ruling on Amendment 28 went into effect on January 1, 2020 (50 C.F.R. part 660).
A total of seven sponge specimens were collected on this mission, some of which could potentially be new species, such as the large yellow ‘plate’-shaped sponge and the ‘palm frond’ morphology of the predatory sponge Asbestopluma, documented on both dives. Six coral collections were made, including three types of red Swiftia sp. gorgonians (two had fan-shaped morphology and one had branched morphology) with different polyp colors. A high diversity of fishes, particularly groundfish, were documented across the entire PAS area.
The findings from this cruise will be provided to NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service to help them identify biologically complex areas of the seafloor that are most sensitive to bottom trawling and aid in the ongoing management of this designated essential fish habitat conservation zone. Habitat data from these surveys will be used to confirm substrate prediction models that can be used to predict DSCS habitats where there is a dearth of visual observations.
","language":"English","publisher":"NOAA","usgsCitation":"Graiff, K., Roletto, J., Tezak, S., Williams, G.E., and Cochrane, G.R., 2021, Characterization of deep-sea coral and sponge communities in Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary: Point Arena South Essential Fish Habitat Conservation Area and New Amendment 28 Areas: National Marine Sactuaries Conservation Series, iv, 42 p.","productDescription":"iv, 42 p.","ipdsId":"IP-122453","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384541,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.34075927734375,\n 38.55997877925585\n ],\n [\n -123.67309570312499,\n 38.87392853923629\n ],\n [\n -123.75274658203126,\n 38.97008658346543\n ],\n [\n -124.00680541992188,\n 38.92522904714054\n ],\n [\n -123.71429443359375,\n 38.51271370850396\n ],\n [\n -123.34075927734375,\n 38.55997877925585\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graiff, Kaitlin","contributorId":255549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Graiff","given":"Kaitlin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roletto, Jan","contributorId":152297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roletto","given":"Jan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18902,"text":"Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tezak, Sage","contributorId":255550,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tezak","given":"Sage","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, Gary E.","contributorId":198924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":812562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cochrane, Guy R. 0000-0002-8094-4583 gcochrane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8094-4583","contributorId":2870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Guy","email":"gcochrane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70218744,"text":"70218744 - 2021 - Avoidance of cold-, cool-, and warm-water fishes to Zequanox® exposure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-01T17:47:28.644424","indexId":"70218744","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-01T08:25:15","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2655,"text":"Management of Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avoidance of cold-, cool-, and warm-water fishes to Zequanox® exposure","docAbstract":"Zequanox® is a biopesticide registered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the Canadian Pest Management Regulatory Agency for controlling dreissenid mussels with demonstrated selective toxicity. However, some research has indicated that Zequanox may impact the body condition and survival of some non-target species. We assessed avoidance behaviors of two species of cold-, cool-, and warm-water fishes to Zequanox at the maximum concentration allowed by the USEPA label (100 mg/L as active ingredient). Naïve, juvenile fish (n = 30 per species) were individually observed in a two-flume choice tank through which Zequanox-treated and untreated water simultaneously flowed in an unobstructed arena. Individual fish were observed during an untreated control period (20 min) and two Zequanox-exposure periods (20 min each). Treatment was alternated between arena sides to account for potential side bias in the test subjects. Positional data were collected and tabulated in real time with EthoVision® XT software. Zequanox concentrations and water quality properties (pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and specific conductance) were monitored during each trial. Analysis of treatment response was performed using a contrast within linear mixed-effects models. Our results indicate that Brook Trout, Lake Trout, and Bluegill avoided Zequanox-treated water, Yellow Perch were indifferent to Zequanox-treated water, and Lake Sturgeon and Fathead Minnow were attracted to Zequanox-treated water. These results combined with existing species sensitivity literature may help inform resource managers of potential treatment-related risks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Regional Euro-Asian Biological Invasions Centre - REABIC","doi":"10.3391/mbi.2021.12.1.07","usgsCitation":"Barbour, M., Luoma, J.A., Severson, T.J., Wise, J.K., and Bennie, B., 2021, Avoidance of cold-, cool-, and warm-water fishes to Zequanox® exposure: Management of Biological Invasions, v. 12, no. 1, p. 96-107, https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2021.12.1.07.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"96","endPage":"107","ipdsId":"IP-111883","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":453273,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2021.12.1.07","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436481,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9BWGW8F","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Avoidance behavior of cold-, cool-, and warmwater fish exposed to Zequanox in a two-choice preference chamber, data release"},{"id":385080,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barbour, Matthew T. 0000-0002-0095-9188 mbarbour@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0095-9188","contributorId":195580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbour","given":"Matthew","email":"mbarbour@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":811580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, James A. 0000-0003-3556-0190 jluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3556-0190","contributorId":4449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"James","email":"jluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":811581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Severson, Todd J. 0000-0001-5282-3779 tseverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5282-3779","contributorId":4749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Severson","given":"Todd","email":"tseverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":811582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wise, Jeremy K. 0000-0003-0184-6959 jwise@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0184-6959","contributorId":5009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wise","given":"Jeremy","email":"jwise@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":811583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bennie, Barbara","contributorId":257430,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bennie","given":"Barbara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70240429,"text":"70240429 - 2021 - The influence of species life history and distribution characteristics on species responses to habitat fragmentation in an urban landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-07T14:18:23.937206","indexId":"70240429","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-01T08:12:07","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of species life history and distribution characteristics on species responses to habitat fragmentation in an urban landscape","docAbstract":"Snowpack in the western U.S. is on the decline, largely attributed to increasing temperatures in the region. This is a critical issue for many Native American communities who disproportionately rely on local snow-fed water supplies. In light of a combined ongoing drought and limited climate information for the Navajo Nation, Navajo water managers face decision-making challenges complicated by past and future climate uncertainty. Developed in partnership with the Navajo Nation Water Management Branch, this study documents two snowpack reconstruction options to address Navajo concerns about the amount and variability of snowpack in the Chuska Mountains. We used two separate snowpack datasets with tree rings collected in northern Arizona to develop and evaluate reconstructions of Chuska snowpack and their potential relevance and usefulness to Navajo water managers’ decision-making. We found that both reconstructions skillfully estimated snowpack, though there were differences that may have meaningful implications for water managers. Major snow droughts occurred roughly once per century over the last 300 years, with droughts in 1728–1744, 1818–1834, 1950–1977, and 1999–2006. Extremely dry individual years in each reconstruction punctuate multi-year drought periods in a way that has not been recognized from instrumental data alone and that can have a large influence on the overall intensity of a given drought. The reconstruction that is most representative of Chuska snowpack has less explanatory power than the regionally representative reconstruction, but the Chuska reconstruction effectively captures snowpack extremes and snow drought timing unique to the Chuska Mountains, and may hold greater relevance to Navajo water management.
Rock gnome lichen (Gymnoderma lineare [Evans] Yoshimura and Sharp) was listed as a federally endangered species in 1995. It is endemic to the southern Appalachian Mountains, with most known populations occurring in North Carolina, where it grows on vertical rock faces in the fog zone above an elevation of 1,525 meters or in humid, deep river gorges. Threats to the species include recreational use of habitat by hikers, climbers and sightseers; collectors; changes in microclimate due to loss of Fraser fir (Abies fraseri) to the exotic pest balsam woolly adelgid (Adelges piceae); air pollution; and climate change. Quantified estimates of population size are limited in number and only are available from 1983 to 2008. They show that known rock gnome populations increased in number during this period and increased in size from 1996 to 2008. The period of increase coincided with negative trends in nitrogen and sulfur deposition, stable precipitation and streamflow, and a positive trend in air temperature. Populations may have been afforded greater protection from recreational activities and collectors during this time. Specific incidents of population decline were associated with a high streamflow event and loss of shade owing to a fallen Fraser fir. Although the outlook for rock gnome lichen seems to have improved through 2008, threats from climate change and increasing human activity likely are increasing.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211011","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Woodward, A., 2021, Rock gnome lichen (Gymnoderma lineare) monitoring assessment, southern Appalachian Mountains, 1983–2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1011, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211011.","productDescription":"v, 12 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-120136","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":383693,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1011/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":383694,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1011/ofr20211011.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1011"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Southern Appalachian Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.7542724609375,\n 35.429344044107154\n ],\n [\n -82.63916015625,\n 35.429344044107154\n ],\n [\n -82.63916015625,\n 36.02244668175846\n ],\n [\n -83.7542724609375,\n 36.02244668175846\n ],\n [\n -83.7542724609375,\n 35.429344044107154\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
777 NW 9th St., Suite 400
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":25,"text":"Newsletter"},"largerWorkTitle":"North Dakota Climate Bulletin","language":"English","publisher":"North Dakota State Climate Office","usgsCitation":"Ryberg, K.R., 2021, The role of the U.S. Geological Survey in monitoring North Dakota’s environmental conditions, v. 15, no. 1, p. 11-14.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"14","ipdsId":"IP-127214","costCenters":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384406,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":384399,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ndsu.edu/ndsco/climatesummaries/quarterlyclimatebulletin/"}],"country":"United States","state":"North 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Dakota\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryberg, Karen R. 0000-0002-9834-2046 kryberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9834-2046","contributorId":1172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryberg","given":"Karen","email":"kryberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70224615,"text":"70224615 - 2021 - Eocene magma plumbing system beneath Cortez Hills Carlin-type gold deposit, Nevada: Is there a deep-seated pluton?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-30T11:52:03.08599","indexId":"70224615","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-01T06:48:18","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eocene magma plumbing system beneath Cortez Hills Carlin-type gold deposit, Nevada: Is there a deep-seated pluton?","docAbstract":"The magmatic-hydrothermal conceptual model for Carlin-type gold deposit genesis calls upon deep-seated Eocene plutons as the primary source of gold-bearing fluids. However, geophysical surveys, geologic mapping, drilling, geochronology, isotopic tracers, and fluid inclusion chemistry have returned ambiguous evidence for the existence of such plutons. The high-grade Cortez Hills gold deposit in northern Nevada hosts shallow, Eocene syn- and postmineralization intrusions, offering an ideal site to investigate the existence of a deep-seated pluton beneath the district. Here, major and trace element analyses of quartz-hosted melt inclusions from four Eocene rhyolite dikes cropping out within the Cortez Hills pit and results from independent thermobarometers provide a window into the subsurface Eocene magmatic plumbing system to test the existence of a deep-seated source pluton. Dissolved volatile contents, melt inclusion entrapment pressures, and thermodynamic phase equilibria indicate that dike magmas were sourced from ~4- to ≥9-km depth from a polybaric magma reservoir residing as a physically and geochemically interconnected crystal mush with extractable or eruptible magma pockets. Magmas ascended adiabatically (nearly isothermally), exsolving fluids, evolving modestly by fractional crystallization, while trapping quartz-hosted melt inclusions steadily from depth to subvolcanic levels where they were emplaced. These data represent the first unequivocal evidence for a deep-seated magma reservoir from which fluid-saturated magma emanated and released magmatic fluids beneath the Cortez district during gold mineralization. However, further investigation into the specific metallogenic potential and metal budget of parental magmas and the partitioning of gold between silicate melt and aqueous fluids will be necessary to provide evidence that exsolved magmatic fluids may have been gold bearing.
The Intermountain West region of the United States extends from the eastern margin of the Sierra Nevada and Cascade Mountains in the west to the Rocky Mountains in the east. The region is characterized by dextral shear along the eastern margin of the Sierra Nevada and nearly east-west extension in the Basin and Range. This region experienced four significant earthquake sequences in the first half of 2020. The most significant mainshocks were the 18 March 2020 Mw 5.7 earthquake north of Magna, Utah (a suburb of Salt Lake City), the 31 March 2020 Mw 6.5 earthquake northwest of Stanley, Idaho, the 15 May 2020 Mw 6.5 earthquake in the Monte Cristo Range, northwest of Tonopah, Nevada, and the 24 June 2020 Mw 5.8 earthquake near Lone Pine, California. The 15 articles appearing in this focus section explore timely and important topics associated with these sequences, including kinematic rupture models, near-field ground motions, aftershock statistics, geologic observations, seismic hazard implications, and seismotectonics. It is noteworthy that the efforts to record and characterize these earthquake sequences took place during travel and work restrictions necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220210001","usgsCitation":"Gold, R.D., Bormann, J., and Koper, K.D., 2021, Preface to the Focus Section on the 2020 Intermountain West earthquakes: Seismological Research Letters, v. 92, no. 2A, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.1785/0220210001.","productDescription":"4 p.","ipdsId":"IP-125613","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385240,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"2A","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gold, Ryan D. 0000-0002-4464-6394 rgold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4464-6394","contributorId":3883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gold","given":"Ryan","email":"rgold@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bormann, Jayne","contributorId":257546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bormann","given":"Jayne","affiliations":[{"id":52053,"text":"Nevada Seismological Laboratory, University of Nevada, Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koper, Keith D.","contributorId":175489,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koper","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27579,"text":"Swiss Federal Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70231690,"text":"70231690 - 2021 - Unmixing multiple metamorphic muscovite age populations with powder X-ray diffraction and 40Ar/39Ar analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-20T11:39:03.870966","indexId":"70231690","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-01T06:35:31","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unmixing multiple metamorphic muscovite age populations with powder X-ray diffraction and 40Ar/39Ar analysis","docAbstract":"A combination of modal estimates from powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments and argon isotopic data shows that muscovite 40Ar/39Ar total gas age correlates with muscovite composition near the retrograde Bald Mountain shear zone (BMSZ) in Claremont, New Hampshire, and that the shear zone was active at ∼245 Ma. Petrologic study demonstrates that chemical disequilibrium is preserved in muscovite grains in these samples. The recognition of this preservation is critical to the interpretation of the 40Ar/39Ar step-heating experiments, which never produce age plateaus and yield spectra with steps that range in age by ∼20 Ma. Petrographic, compositional, and crystallographic data all indicate that the age spectra reflect dissolution of metastable Na-rich muscovite and precipitation of stable Na-poor muscovite associated with deformation in the BMSZ.Comparison of whole rock and muscovite concentrate XRD patterns from individual samples demonstrates that the mineral separation process can fractionate these muscovite populations. Therefore, four muscovite concentrates of varying magnetic susceptibility were prepared from a single hand sample, analyzed by XRD, and dated. These four splits define a mixing line that resolves end-member ages of 244.5 ± 4.2 Ma and 302.5 ± 12.5 Ma (1σ). Although the ages are imprecise, the petrologically supported conclusion that these schists preserve two discrete ages is distinct from an interpretation that the spectra reflect cooling through closure at ∼270 Ma, as might be concluded in the absence of petrologic characterization. The XRD results also demonstrate that, even well above anchizone conditions, petrologic information relevant to 40Ar/39Ar dating is observable in subtle variations in the crystallography of muscovite grains.
Strain performance evaluations are vital for developing successful fishery management and restoration strategies. Here, we utilized genotypes from 36 microsatellites to investigate hatchery strain contribution to collections of naturally produced lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) sampled across Lake Michigan. Strain composition varied by area, with recoveries of Seneca Lake strain exceeding expectations based on stocking records in northern Lake Michigan but performing similarly to other strains in southern Lake Michigan. Interstrain hybrids were present at moderate frequencies similar to expectations based on simulations, suggesting that strains are interbreeding randomly. We hypothesize that the superior performance of the Seneca Lake strain in northern Lake Michigan is partially due to adaptive advantages that facilitate increased survival in areas with high mortality from sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) predation, such as northern Lake Michigan. However, when this selective pressure is lessened, the Seneca Lake strain performs similarly to other strains. Our study demonstrates that strain performance can vary across small spatial scales and illustrates the importance of conducting thorough strain evaluations to inform management and conservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2020-0072","usgsCitation":"Larson, W., Kornis, M., Turnquist, K., Bronte, C., Holey, M., S. Dale Hanson, Treska, T., and Stott, W., 2021, The genetic composition of wild recruits in a recovering lake trout population in Lake Michigan: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 78, no. 3, p. 286-300, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2020-0072.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"286","endPage":"300","ipdsId":"IP-117531","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480764,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.7667444904358,\n 45.40752242438859\n ],\n [\n -87.92143062832137,\n 44.177449306420996\n ],\n [\n -88.29028758124349,\n 42.940747823525065\n ],\n [\n -88.05113007530815,\n 41.699747315481886\n ],\n [\n -86.44116921626345,\n 41.59527769642992\n ],\n [\n -85.9936111378925,\n 42.94092212399947\n ],\n [\n -86.15568612025434,\n 44.30117229837185\n ],\n [\n -84.57035066906786,\n 45.309637339506565\n ],\n [\n -84.95481454600835,\n 46.27927767660145\n ],\n [\n -86.5065882598793,\n 46.102466591922905\n ],\n [\n -87.7667444904358,\n 45.40752242438859\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"78","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, Wesley A.","contributorId":349236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larson","given":"Wesley A.","affiliations":[{"id":83462,"text":"NOAA, former CRU scientist","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kornis, Matthew S.","contributorId":349237,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kornis","given":"Matthew S.","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turnquist, Keith N.","contributorId":349238,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turnquist","given":"Keith N.","affiliations":[{"id":33303,"text":"University of Wisconsin Stevens Point","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bronte, Charles R.","contributorId":349239,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bronte","given":"Charles R.","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holey, Mark E.","contributorId":349240,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holey","given":"Mark E.","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"S. Dale Hanson","contributorId":349241,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"S. Dale Hanson","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Treska, Theodore J.","contributorId":349242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Treska","given":"Theodore J.","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stott, Wendylee 0000-0002-5252-4901 wstott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5252-4901","contributorId":191249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stott","given":"Wendylee","email":"wstott@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":924168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70262197,"text":"70262197 - 2021 - Mixed-stock analysis in the age of genomics: Rapture genotyping enables evaluation of stock-specific exploitation in a freshwater fish population with weak genetic structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-16T14:39:33.330248","indexId":"70262197","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1601,"text":"Evolutionary Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mixed-stock analysis in the age of genomics: Rapture genotyping enables evaluation of stock-specific exploitation in a freshwater fish population with weak genetic structure","docAbstract":"Mixed-stock analyses using genetic markers have informed fisheries management in cases where strong genetic differentiation occurs among local spawning populations, yet many fisheries are supported by multiple spawning stocks that are weakly differentiated. Freshwater fisheries exemplify this problem, with many harvested populations supported by multiple stocks of young evolutionary age and that are isolated across small spatial scales. As a result, attempts to conduct genetic mixed-stock analyses of inland fisheries have often been unsuccessful. Advances in genomic sequencing now offer the ability to discriminate among populations with weak population structure, by providing the necessary resolution to conduct mixed-stock assignment among previously indistinguishable stocks. We demonstrate the use of genomic data to conduct a mixed-stock analysis of Lake Erie's commercial and recreational walleye (Sander vitreus) fisheries and estimate the relative harvest of weakly differentiated stocks (pairwise FST < 0.01). We used RAD-capture (Rapture) to sequence and genotype individuals at 12,081 loci that had been previously determined to be capable of discriminating between western and eastern basin stocks with 95% reassignment accuracy. An outcome not possible in the past with microsatellite markers. Genetic assignment of 1,075 fish harvested from recreational and commercial fisheries in the eastern basin indicated that western basin stocks constituted the majority of individuals harvested during peak walleye fishing season (July – September). Composition of harvest changed seasonally, with eastern basin fish comprising much of the early season harvest (May – June). Clear spatial structure in stock-specific harvest existed; more easterly sites contained more individuals of east basin origin than did westerly sites. Our study provides important stock contribution estimates for Lake Erie fishery management and demonstrates the power of genomic data to facilitate mixed-stock analysis in exploited fish populations with weak population structure or limited existing genetic resources.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eva.13209","usgsCitation":"Euclide, P., MacDougall, T., Robinson, J., Faust, M., Wilson, C., Chen, K., Marschall, E., Larson, W., and Ludsin, S., 2021, Mixed-stock analysis in the age of genomics: Rapture genotyping enables evaluation of stock-specific exploitation in a freshwater fish population with weak genetic structure: Evolutionary Applications, v. 14, p. 1403-1420, https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13209.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1403","endPage":"1420","ipdsId":"IP-123728","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467253,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13209","text":"External Repository"},{"id":466430,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.92283643736553,\n 42.39179507562275\n ],\n [\n -83.61537738216629,\n 41.32610638842888\n ],\n [\n -81.8676036360458,\n 41.224638678509734\n ],\n [\n -78.67742205297884,\n 42.732057855200225\n ],\n [\n -80.92283643736553,\n 42.39179507562275\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Euclide, Peter T.","contributorId":348469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Euclide","given":"Peter T.","affiliations":[{"id":7200,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacDougall, Tom","contributorId":348471,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacDougall","given":"Tom","affiliations":[{"id":16762,"text":"Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robinson, Jason M.","contributorId":348470,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Jason M.","affiliations":[{"id":56930,"text":"New York DEC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Faust, Matthew D.","contributorId":348473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faust","given":"Matthew D.","affiliations":[{"id":13589,"text":"Ohio DNR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wilson, Chris C.","contributorId":348475,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Chris C.","affiliations":[{"id":16762,"text":"Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chen, Kuan-Yu","contributorId":348477,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Kuan-Yu","affiliations":[{"id":36630,"text":"Ohio State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Marschall, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":348479,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marschall","given":"Elizabeth A.","affiliations":[{"id":36630,"text":"Ohio State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Larson, Wesley 0000-0003-4473-3401 wlarson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4473-3401","contributorId":199509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Wesley","email":"wlarson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":923466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ludsin, Stuart A.","contributorId":348481,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ludsin","given":"Stuart A.","affiliations":[{"id":36630,"text":"Ohio State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70228583,"text":"70228583 - 2021 - Nest microclimates of Greater Sage-Grouse in a post-megafire landscape: does selection equate to success?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-14T20:57:40.875769","indexId":"70228583","displayToPublicDate":"2021-02-28T14:49:52","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9101,"text":"Ornithological Applications","printIssn":"0010-5422","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest microclimates of Greater Sage-Grouse in a post-megafire landscape: does selection equate to success?","docAbstract":"Temperature at fine spatial scales is an important driver of nest site selection for many avian species during the breeding season and can influence nest success. Sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) communities have areas with high levels of vegetation heterogeneity and high thermal variation; however, fire removes vegetation that provides protection from predators and extreme environmental conditions. To examine the influence of microclimates on Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) nest site selection and nest success in a fire affected landscape, we measured black bulb temperature (Tbb) and vegetation attributes (e.g. visual obstruction) at 3 spatial scales (i.e. nest bowl, microsite, and landscape) in unburned and burned areas. Nest bowls exhibited greater buffering of Tbb than both nearby microsites and the broader landscape. Notably, nest bowls were warmer in cold temperatures, and cooler in hot temperatures, than nearby microsites and the broader landscape, regardless of burn stage. Nest survival was higher for nests in unburned areas compared to nests in burned areas (unburned NS = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.54; burned NS = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.46). Amount of bare ground was negatively associated with nest survival, but effects diminished as the amount of bare ground reached very low levels. Shrub height and visual obstruction were positively associated with nest survival during the entire study period whereas, minimum Tbb had a weaker effect. Our findings demonstrate that thermoregulatory selection by Greater Sage-Grouse at nest sites had marginal effects on their nest survival. However, given that increases in vegetation structure (e.g. shrub height) provides thermal refuge and increases nest survival, vegetation remnants or regeneration in a post-fire landscape could be critical to Greater Sage-Grouse nesting ecology.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford","doi":"10.1093/ornithapp/duaa068","usgsCitation":"Anthony, C., Hagen, C., Dugger, K., and Elmore, R., 2021, Nest microclimates of Greater Sage-Grouse in a post-megafire landscape: does selection equate to success?: Ornithological Applications, v. 123, no. 1, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duaa068.","productDescription":"13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-118270","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":453281,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duaa068","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":395938,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Trout Creek Mountains","volume":"123","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-02-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anthony, Christopher R.","contributorId":276231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anthony","given":"Christopher R.","affiliations":[{"id":25426,"text":"OSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hagen, Christian A.","contributorId":276232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hagen","given":"Christian A.","affiliations":[{"id":25426,"text":"OSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dugger, Katie M. 0000-0002-4148-246X cdugger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4148-246X","contributorId":4399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugger","given":"Katie","email":"cdugger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elmore, R. Dwayne","contributorId":276233,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elmore","given":"R. Dwayne","affiliations":[{"id":25426,"text":"OSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70228552,"text":"70228552 - 2021 - Contrasting patterns of demography and population viability among gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) populations at the species’ northern range edge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-14T20:15:35.294629","indexId":"70228552","displayToPublicDate":"2021-02-28T13:58:32","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Contrasting patterns of demography and population viability among gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus ) populations at the species’ northern range edge","title":"Contrasting patterns of demography and population viability among gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) populations at the species’ northern range edge","docAbstract":"Population viability analyses are useful tools to predict abundance and extinction risk for imperiled species. In southeastern North America, the federally threatened gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) is a keystone species in the diverse and imperiled longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) ecosystem, and researchers have suggested that tortoise populations are declining and characterized by high extinction risk. We report results from a 30-year demographic study of gopher tortoises in southern Alabama (1991–2020), where 3 populations have been stable and 3 others have declined. To better understand the demographic vital rates associated with stable and declining tortoise populations, we used a multi-state hierarchical mark-recapture model to estimate sex- and stage-specific patterns of demographic vital rates at each population. We then built a predictive population model to project population dynamics and evaluate extinction risk in a population viability context. Population structure did not change significantly in stable populations, but juveniles became less abundant in declining populations over 30 years. Apparent survival varied by age, sex, and site; adults had higher survival than juveniles, but female survival was substantially lower in declining populations than in stable ones. Using simulations, we predicted that stable populations with high female survival would persist over the next 100 years but sites with lower female survival would decline, become male-biased, and be at high risk of extirpation. Stable populations were most sensitive to changes in apparent survival of adult females. Because local populations varied greatly in vital rates, our analysis improves upon previous demographic models for northern populations of gopher tortoises by accounting for population-level variation in demographic patterns and, counter to previous model predictions, suggests that small tortoise populations can persist when habitat is managed effectively. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.21996","usgsCitation":"Folt, B., Goessling, J., Tucker, A., Guyer, C., Herman, S., Shelton-Nix, E., and McGowan, C.P., 2021, Contrasting patterns of demography and population viability among gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) populations at the species’ northern range edge: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 85, no. 4, p. 617-630, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21996.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"617","endPage":"630","ipdsId":"IP-118037","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395925,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","otherGeospatial":"Conecuh National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.73568725585938,\n 31.00115451727899\n ],\n [\n -86.53656005859375,\n 31.00115451727899\n ],\n [\n -86.53656005859375,\n 31.129374846459353\n ],\n [\n -86.73568725585938,\n 31.129374846459353\n ],\n [\n -86.73568725585938,\n 31.00115451727899\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"85","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-02-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Folt, Brian","contributorId":267702,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Folt","given":"Brian","affiliations":[{"id":13360,"text":"Auburn University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goessling, J.M.","contributorId":276114,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goessling","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56925,"text":"Eckerd College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tucker, A. M.","contributorId":243202,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tucker","given":"A. 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Waif tortoises are animals frequently of unknown origin that have been displaced from the wild and often held in human possession for various reasons and durations. Although there are risks associated with any translocation, waif tortoises are generally excluded from translocation projects because of heightened concerns of introducing pathogens and uncertainty about the post-release survival of these individuals. If these risks could be managed, waif tortoises could have conservation value because they can provide the needed numbers to stabilize populations. In the early 1990s, the discovery of an isolated population of gopher tortoises (≤15 individuals) near Aiken, South Carolina, USA, prioritized establishment of the Aiken Gopher Tortoise Heritage Preserve (AGTHP). Because of the population's need for augmentation and the site's isolation from other tortoise populations, the AGTHP provided the opportunity to evaluate the post-release survival of translocated waif tortoises without compromising a viable population. Since 2006, >260 waif tortoises have been introduced to the preserve. Using a Cormack-Jolly-Seber modeling framework to analyze release records and capture histories from trapping efforts in 2017 and 2018, we estimated the long-term apparent survival and site fidelity of this population composed largely of waif tortoises. We estimated annual apparent survival probabilities to be high (≥0.90) for subadult, adult male, and adult female tortoises, and these rates were similar to those reported for wild-to-wild translocated gopher tortoises and those from unmanipulated populations. Of the tortoises recaptured within the boundaries of the preserve, 75% were located within 400 m of their release location. These results suggest that waif tortoises could be an important resource in reducing the extirpation risk of isolated populations. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.21998","usgsCitation":"McKee, R., Buhlmann, K., Moore, C.T., Hepinstall-Cymerman, J., and Tuberville, T., 2021, Waif gopher tortoise survival and site fidelity following translocation: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 85, no. 4, p. 640-653, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21998.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"640","endPage":"653","ipdsId":"IP-118119","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1817662","text":"External Repository"},{"id":395906,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","county":"Aiken 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R.K.","contributorId":276171,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKee","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buhlmann, K.A.","contributorId":276172,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buhlmann","given":"K.A.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, Clinton T. 0000-0002-6053-2880 cmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6053-2880","contributorId":3643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Clinton","email":"cmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit 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Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-18T14:09:54.972537","indexId":"70218681","displayToPublicDate":"2021-02-28T07:14:36","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seal body condition and atmospheric circulation patterns influence polar bear body condition, recruitment, and feeding ecology in the Chukchi Sea","docAbstract":"Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are experiencing loss of sea ice habitats used to access their marine mammal prey. Simultaneously, ocean warming is changing ecosystems that support marine mammal populations. The interactive effects of sea ice and prey are not well understood yet may explain spatial‐temporal variation in the response of polar bears to sea ice loss. Here, we examined the potential combined effects of sea ice, seal body condition and atmospheric circulation patterns on the body condition, recruitment, diet, and feeding probability of 469 polar bears captured in the Chukchi Sea, 2008‐2017. The body condition of ringed seals (Pusa hispida), the primary prey of females and subadults, was related to dietary proportions of ringed seal, feeding probability, and the body condition of females and cubs. In contrast, adult males consumed more bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus) and exhibited better condition when bearded seal body condition was higher. The litter size, number of yearlings per adult female, and the condition of dependent young were higher following winters characterized by low Arctic Oscillation (AO) conditions, consistent with a growing number of studies. Body condition, recruitment, and feeding probability were either not associated or negatively associated with sea ice conditions, suggesting that, unlike some subpopulations, Chukchi Sea bears are not currently limited by sea ice availability. However, spring sea ice cover declined 2% per year during our study reaching levels not previously observed in the satellite record and resulting in the loss of polar bear hunting and seal pupping habitat. Our study suggests that the status of ice seal populations is likely an important factor that can either compound or mitigate the response of polar bears to sea ice loss over the short‐term. In the long‐term, neither polar bears nor their prey are likely robust to limitless loss of their sea ice habitat.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.15572","usgsCitation":"Rode, K.D., Regehr, E.V., Bromaghin, J.F., Wilson, R.H., St. Martin, M., Crawford, J.A., and Quakenbush, L.T., 2021, Seal body condition and atmospheric circulation patterns influence polar bear body condition, recruitment, and feeding ecology in the Chukchi Sea: Global Change Biology, v. 27, no. 12, p. 2684-2701, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15572.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"2684","endPage":"2701","ipdsId":"IP-125024","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P92CRWOP","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Fatty Acid Composition of Polar Bear Adipose Tissue and Ringed and Bearded Seal Blubber Collected in the Chukchi Sea, 2008-2017"},{"id":384059,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Chukchi Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -170.0244140625,\n 65.9016533861307\n ],\n [\n -162.00439453125,\n 65.9016533861307\n ],\n [\n -162.00439453125,\n 69.53451763078358\n ],\n [\n -170.0244140625,\n 69.53451763078358\n ],\n [\n -170.0244140625,\n 65.9016533861307\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rode, Karyn D. 0000-0002-3328-8202 krode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3328-8202","contributorId":5053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rode","given":"Karyn","email":"krode@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":811339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Regehr, Eric V. 0000-0003-4487-3105","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-3105","contributorId":66364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Regehr","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":12428,"text":"U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":811340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bromaghin, Jeffrey F. 0000-0002-7209-9500 jbromaghin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7209-9500","contributorId":139899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bromaghin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jbromaghin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":811341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, Ryan H. 0000-0001-7740-7771","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7740-7771","contributorId":130989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":811342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"St. Martin, Michelle","contributorId":189169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"St. Martin","given":"Michelle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":811343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Crawford, Justin A.","contributorId":214225,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crawford","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":811344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Quakenbush, Lori T.","contributorId":192737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quakenbush","given":"Lori","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":811345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70226758,"text":"70226758 - 2021 - 2021 Computational Infrastructure for Geodynamics Developers Workshop","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-10T13:01:08.324661","indexId":"70226758","displayToPublicDate":"2021-02-28T07:00:43","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"2021 Computational Infrastructure for Geodynamics Developers Workshop","docAbstract":"The CIG Developers Workshop resulted in a number of recommendations that we think will help expand the CIG developer community, make software more accessible to new users, and increase developer productivity through use of common infrastructure and best practices for software development. This includes building a broad user base with sufficient support through documentation, tutorials, user forums, hackathons, scientific workshops, and mentoring to maintain a healthy suite of software developers and maintainers. Communities also need to offer opportunities, like this workshop, for developer teams to interact with each other to exchange ideas, identify common infrastructure, and interact with users to discuss modeling workflows and development priorities.","language":"English","publisher":"Computational Infrastructure for Geodynamics","usgsCitation":"Aagaard, B.T., Brown, J., Cooper, C., Gassmoeller, R., Hwang, L., and Spiegelman, M., 2021, 2021 Computational Infrastructure for Geodynamics Developers Workshop, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-127608","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":392722,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":392717,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://geodynamics.org/cig/events/calendar/2021-cig-developers-workshop/?eID=1901"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aagaard, Brad T. 0000-0002-8795-9833 baagaard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-9833","contributorId":192869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aagaard","given":"Brad","email":"baagaard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":828172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Jed","contributorId":269954,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Jed","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36627,"text":"University of Colorado, Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":828173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, Catherin","contributorId":269955,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooper","given":"Catherin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37380,"text":"Washington State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":828174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gassmoeller, Rene","contributorId":269956,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gassmoeller","given":"Rene","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36221,"text":"University of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":828175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hwang, Lorraine","contributorId":269957,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hwang","given":"Lorraine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":828176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Spiegelman, Marc","contributorId":269958,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spiegelman","given":"Marc","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":28041,"text":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":828177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70236845,"text":"70236845 - 2021 - Response of an asymmetrical five-story building in Fairbanks, Alaska during the November 30, 2018 M7.1 Anchorage, Alaska earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-20T11:37:04.736904","indexId":"70236845","displayToPublicDate":"2021-02-28T06:34:14","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Response of an asymmetrical five-story building in Fairbanks, Alaska during the November 30, 2018 M7.1 Anchorage, Alaska earthquake","docAbstract":"Eruption of the Old Crow tephra deposited ~200 km3 of volcanic ash throughout Alaska and the northwestern Yukon (eastern Beringia), providing an isochronous marker across the region on a scale unique in the Pleistocene. The Old Crow tephra represents a critical temporal piercing point used extensively to link geographically disparate stratigraphic sections and the paleo-environmental records they contain. Although the canonical age of the Old Crow suggests eruption during the transition between the glacial and interglacial periods of Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 5 and 6 at ~125 ka, recent U–Th–Pb and (U–Th)/He zircon dating of the tephra suggests eruption at ~200 ka, within MIS 7. If accurate, this revised eruption age begets significant change to existing models describing the geologic and biotic evolution of Beringia in the Pleistocene. Thus, confidently knowing the age of the tephra is critical to its time-stratigraphic utility and for past and future work in the region where the tephra has been found. With this contribution, we review existing Old Crow age constraints and present an eruption age for the tephra determined via high spatial resolution ion microprobe U–Pb surface analysis on zircon crystals isolated from source-proximal (<500 km from plausible source) pumiceous pyroclasts of the tephra. By dating only glass-mantled crystals isolated from discrete pumice clasts, we limit the potential for sample contamination from exotic crystals and resulting age bias. The young population of dates from this dataset corroborate previous radiometric dates and confirm Old Crow eruption within late MIS 7 at 207 ± 13 ka.
Despite abundant research documenting that land use/land cover (LULC) have substantial impacts on the hydrology of humid tropical systems, field-based evidence for the physical mechanisms behind these impacts are still lacking. In particular, our understanding of the hydrologic flowpaths that generate runoff in these systems, and how they vary with respect to LULC is insufficient to inform both physically-based hydrologic modeling and land-use decision-making. In this study, we use end-member mixing analysis (EMMA) of stream chemistry, and hydrometric characterizations of hillslope soil moisture to identify hydrologic flowpaths in humid tropical steep-land catchments of varying LULC: mature tropical forest, young secondary tropical forest, cattle pasture. EMMA was applied to data from 14 storm events (six at the mature forest, five at the young secondary forest, and three at the cattle pasture) that were intensively sampled during the 2017 wet season representing a wide range of rainfall magnitudes and intensities. Additionally, volumetric-soil-moisture responses at multiple depths were characterized during and after 74 storm events occurring from 2015 to 2017. EMMA results indicated that lateral preferential flow within the top 30 cm of the soil profile was a dominant source of runoff generation at the two forested catchments, with the contribution of this flow path increasing with rainfall magnitude and intensity. This was corroborated by volumetric-soil-moisture data, that showed that a perched zone of saturation developed at 30 cm at the time of peak storm runoff during the largest events and lasted for the remaining duration of the event. EMMA indicated that runoff was a combination of infiltration-excess overland flow and lateral subsurface flow in the actively grazed pastoral catchment. There, overland flow contributed 62 % of runoff during the highest runoff rate sampled (35.3 mm/hr) and this contribution increased substantially with storm magnitude. This flowpath identification was also supported by volumetric-soil-moisture data at the pasture, with peak saturation at all depths during the largest storm events occurring up to 30 min after peak runoff. These results provide a mechanistic explanation for previously observed hydrologic differences among tropical LULCs. Additionally, the wide range of hydrologic conditions during these storm events provide a basis for understanding how future changes to this, and similar humid tropical regions will impact hydrological processes and water availability.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10392","usgsCitation":"Gaikowski, M., and Kocovsky, P., 2021, Introduction to a special section: Integrated pest management—extending a terrestrial paradigm to aquatic environments: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 43, no. 2, p. 261-263, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10392.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"263","ipdsId":"IP-113689","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385216,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaikowski, Mark P. 0000-0002-6507-9341 mgaikowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6507-9341","contributorId":149357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaikowski","given":"Mark P.","email":"mgaikowski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kocovsky, Patrick 0000-0003-4325-4265 pkocovsky@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4325-4265","contributorId":150837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocovsky","given":"Patrick","email":"pkocovsky@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70218470,"text":"70218470 - 2021 - Composition and distribution of fish environmental DNA in an Adirondack watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-01T16:30:56.694236","indexId":"70218470","displayToPublicDate":"2021-02-26T10:24:58","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3840,"text":"PeerJ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Composition and distribution of fish environmental DNA in an Adirondack watershed","docAbstract":"Environmental DNA (eDNA) surveys are appealing options for monitoring aquatic biodiversity. While factors affecting eDNA persistence, capture and amplification have been heavily studied, watershed-scale surveys of fish communities and our confidence in such need further exploration.
We characterized fish eDNA compositions using rapid, low-volume filtering with replicate and control samples scaled for a single Illumina MiSeq flow cell, using the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA locus for taxonomic profiling. Our goals were to determine: (1) spatiotemporal variation in eDNA abundance, (2) the filtrate needed to achieve strong sequencing libraries, (3) the taxonomic resolution of 12S ribosomal sequences in the study environment, (4) the portion of the expected fish community detectable by 12S sequencing, (5) biases in species recovery, (6) correlations between eDNA compositions and catch per unit effort (CPUE) and (7) the extent that eDNA profiles reflect major watershed features. Our bioinformatic approach included (1) estimation of sequencing error from unambiguous mappings and simulation of taxonomic assignment error under various mapping criteria; (2) binning of species based on inferred assignment error rather than by taxonomic rank; and (3) visualization of mismatch distributions to facilitate discovery of distinct haplotypes attributed to the same reference. Our approach was implemented within the St. Regis River, NY, USA, which supports tribal and recreational fisheries and has been a target of restoration activities. We used a large record of St. Regis-specific observations to validate our assignments.
We found that 300 mL drawn through 25-mm cellulose nitrate filters yielded greater than 5 ng/µL DNA at most sites in summer, which was an approximate threshold for generating strong sequencing libraries in our hands. Using inferred sequence error rates, we binned 12S references for 110 species on a state checklist into 85 single-species bins and seven multispecies bins. Of 48 bins observed by capture survey in the St. Regis, we detected eDNA consistent with 40, with an additional four detections flagged as potential contaminants. Sixteen unobserved species detected by eDNA ranged from plausible to implausible based on distributional data, whereas six observed species had no 12S reference sequence. Summed log-ratio compositions of eDNA-detected taxa correlated with log(CPUE) (Pearson’s R = 0.655, P < 0.001). Shifts in eDNA composition of several taxa and a genotypic shift in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) coincided with the Hogansburg Dam, NY, USA. In summary, a simple filtering apparatus operated by field crews without prior expertise gave useful summaries of eDNA composition with minimal evidence of field contamination. 12S sequencing achieved useful taxonomic resolution despite the short marker length, and data exploration with standard bioinformatic tools clarified taxonomic uncertainty and sources of error.
","language":"English","publisher":"PeerJ","doi":"10.7717/peerj.10539","usgsCitation":"Cornman, R.S., McKenna, J.E., and Fike, J., 2021, Composition and distribution of fish environmental DNA in an Adirondack watershed: PeerJ, v. 9, e10539, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10539.","productDescription":"e10539, 34 p.","ipdsId":"IP-121794","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":453296,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10539","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9EEOAZK","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Taxonomic composition of environmental DNA acquired by filtration from the St. Regis River, New York"},{"id":383691,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"St. Regis River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.135498046875,\n 44.23732831822538\n ],\n [\n -74.4873046875,\n 44.23732831822538\n ],\n [\n -74.4873046875,\n 44.98034238084973\n ],\n [\n -75.135498046875,\n 44.98034238084973\n ],\n [\n -75.135498046875,\n 44.23732831822538\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cornman, Robert S. 0000-0001-9511-2192 rcornman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9511-2192","contributorId":5356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornman","given":"Robert","email":"rcornman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":811096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKenna, James E. Jr. 0000-0002-1428-7597 jemckenna@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1428-7597","contributorId":195894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"James","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jemckenna@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":811097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fike, Jennifer A. 0000-0001-8797-7823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8797-7823","contributorId":207268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fike","given":"Jennifer A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":811098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70228938,"text":"70228938 - 2021 - Feral horse space use and genetic characteristics from fecal DNA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-24T16:18:13.590708","indexId":"70228938","displayToPublicDate":"2021-02-26T10:13:31","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feral horse space use and genetic characteristics from fecal DNA","docAbstract":"Feral horses (Equus ferus caballus) in the western United States are managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and United States Forest Service in designated areas on public lands with a goal of maintaining populations in balance with multiple uses of the landscape. Small, isolated populations can be at risk of extirpation from stochastic events and deleterious genetic effects resulting from inbreeding and reduced heterozygosity. The genetic diversity of feral horse herds is periodically monitored using blood or hair samples collected during management gathers (i.e., occasions when the herd is rounded up). We conducted a study to examine genetic characteristics of the feral horse population at the BLM Little Book Cliffs Herd Management Area (HMA) in Colorado, USA, using non-invasively collected fecal samples. Additionally, we explored whether genotypes could be used to document space use and potential sub-population development. We used a random sampling scheme, walking transects in sampling areas covering most of the HMA to find and collect fecal samples of all ages, except those that were deteriorating. We collected >1,800 fecal samples from across the study area in May, August, and October 2014. We then identified unique individuals using a suite of microsatellite loci. Our estimates of genetic diversity from fecal samples were higher than those reported from blood and hair samples taken during recent horse gathers, likely because our sample size and spatial distribution was larger. Genotypes revealed that some individuals were found only in certain parts of the study area and at a higher proportion than random; thus, they could be considered residents in those sampling areas. Using discriminant function analyses, we detected 5 genetic groups in the sample population, but these did not correspond to individuals in specific parts of the study area. Our results support the use of fecal DNA to augment direct observations of horse presence and could be used to detect habitat use and areas of high density. Non-invasive techniques such as fecal DNA sampling can help managers decide whether new individuals need to be translocated to a closed population to maintain genetic diversity without the human safety and animal welfare concerns associated with gathers and invasive techniques.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.21974","usgsCitation":"King, S.R., Schoenecker, K., Fike, J., and Oyler-McCance, S.J., 2021, Feral horse space use and genetic characteristics from fecal DNA: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 85, no. 6, p. 1074-1083, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21974.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1074","endPage":"1083","ipdsId":"IP-117792","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396428,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Little Book Cliffs Horse Management Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.51608276367188,\n 39.112480879079556\n ],\n [\n -108.33274841308594,\n 39.112480879079556\n ],\n [\n -108.33274841308594,\n 39.29498546816049\n ],\n [\n -108.51608276367188,\n 39.29498546816049\n ],\n [\n -108.51608276367188,\n 39.112480879079556\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"85","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Sarah R. B. 0000-0002-9316-7488","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9316-7488","contributorId":280063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"King","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"R. B.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoenecker, Kathryn A. 0000-0001-9906-911X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9906-911X","contributorId":202531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenecker","given":"Kathryn A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fike, Jennifer A. 0000-0001-8797-7823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8797-7823","contributorId":207268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fike","given":"Jennifer A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oyler-McCance, Sara J. 0000-0003-1599-8769 sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1599-8769","contributorId":1973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oyler-McCance","given":"Sara","email":"sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70220257,"text":"70220257 - 2021 - Status of Cisco in Lake Superior in 2017","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-29T13:25:58.497396","indexId":"70220257","displayToPublicDate":"2021-02-26T08:22:45","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Status of Cisco in Lake Superior in 2017","docAbstract":"This report describes the status of fish species and their habitat in Lake Superior during the reporting period of 2012-2016 in response to achievement of fish community objectives (FCOs) established by fishery managers for the lake. The overarching goal for the FCOs continued to be met as the fish community remained diverse, self-regulating, dominated by indigenous species, and able to support sustainable fisheries, although further rehabilitation of certain fish is required. The Lake Superior Lakewide Action and Management Plan classified all habitat indicators for Lake Superior as good. Primary production and zooplankton abundance were stable during the reporting period and unchanged from the two previous reporting periods, indicating the lower food web is healthy. Abundance of the invertebrates Mysis diluviana and Diporeia spp. were stable during the reporting period, and Diporeia spp. density exceeded target levels defined in the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) abundance was lower than during the previous reporting period but was within the FCO target. Abundance of lean, siscowet, and humper forms of Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) remained stable at levels seen in previous reporting periods. The FCO for non-indigenous salmonids was met as Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), Coho Salmon (O. kisutch), and steelhead/Rainbow Trout (O. mykiss) were being sustained by natural reproduction, and their abundance remained stable or increased from previous reporting periods. The FCO for Walleye (Sander vitreus) was not met, although populations showed signs of improvement since the previous reporting period. The fish community in littoral areas and embayments continued to be diverse and composed mostly of indigenous species. No new invasive species were found in Lake Superior during the reporting period. Degraded embayment and tributary habitats continued to prevent achievement of the FCOs for Brook Trout (S. fontinalis) and Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens). Barriers created for hydroelectric generation either blocked Lake Sturgeon from historically important spawning grounds or reduced stream flows necessary for its reproduction. In tributaries without man-made barriers, Lake Sturgeon was relatively abundant and appeared healthy. Attainment of the FCOs for Brook Trout and Lake Sturgeon will be challenging and can only be attained through development of large-scale management actions like those implemented for Lake Trout rehabilitation and Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) control. Sea Lamprey-control expenditures doubled in 2016 from past levels and should result in suppression of the population closer to its FCO after 2016. The prey-fish FCO appears to have been met, but biomass of nearly all prey-fish species declined from that reported for the previous reporting period and has been on a downward trajectory since 2000. Predation by Lake Trout is probably to blame for the declining biomass of prey fish. Poor recruitment by Cisco (C. artedi) over the last 15 years is exacerbating the declines in prey-fish biomass because Lake Trout must compensate for the loss of Cisco by consuming other, less-abundant prey fish.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The state of Lake Superior ecosystem in 2017","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","usgsCitation":"Goldsworthy, C., and Yule, D.L., 2021, Status of Cisco in Lake Superior in 2017, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"32","ipdsId":"IP-122168","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385390,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385372,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.glfc.org/pubs/SpecialPubs/Sp21_02.pdf"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake 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Cory","contributorId":257723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goldsworthy","given":"Cory","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6964,"text":"Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yule, Daniel L. 0000-0002-0117-5115","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0117-5115","contributorId":248693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yule","given":"Daniel","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70218480,"text":"70218480 - 2021 - The contribution of water radiolysis to marine sedimentary life","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-01T14:24:40.886787","indexId":"70218480","displayToPublicDate":"2021-02-26T08:22:43","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2842,"text":"Nature Communications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The contribution of water radiolysis to marine sedimentary life","docAbstract":"Water radiolysis continuously produces H2 and oxidized chemicals in wet sediment and rock. Radiolytic H2 has been identified as the primary electron donor (food) for microorganisms in continental aquifers kilometers below Earth’s surface. Radiolytic products may also be significant for sustaining life in subseafloor sediment and subsurface environments of other planets. However, the extent to which most subsurface ecosystems rely on radiolytic products has been poorly constrained, due to incomplete understanding of radiolytic chemical yields in natural environments. Here we show that all common marine sediment types catalyse radiolytic H2 production, amplifying yields by up to 27X relative to pure water. In electron equivalents, the global rate of radiolytic H2 production in marine sediment appears to be 1-2% of the global organic flux to the seafloor. However, most organic matter is consumed at or near the seafloor, whereas radiolytic H2 is produced at all sediment depths. Comparison of radiolytic H2 consumption rates to organic oxidation rates suggests that water radiolysis is the principal source of biologically accessible energy for microbial communities in marine sediment older than a few million years. Where water permeates similarly catalytic material on other worlds, life may also be sustained by water radiolysis.