High-head dams are migration barriers for Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. in many river systems and recovery measures for impacted stocks are limited. Trap-and-haul has been widely used in attempts to facilitate recovery but information from existing programs has not been synthesized to inform improvements to aid recovery of salmonids in systems with high-head dams. We reviewed 17 trap-and-haul programs regarding Pacific salmon to: (1) summarize information about facility design, operation and biological effects; (2) identify critical knowledge gaps; and (3) evaluate trap-and-haul as a current and future management tool. Existing programs are operated to address a range of management goals including restoring access to historical habitats, temporarily reducing exposure to dangerous in-river conditions, and reintroducing ecological processes upstream from dams. Information gathered from decades of operation on facility design criteria and fish handling protocols, and robust literature on fish collection and passage are available. While many aspects of trap-and-haul have been evaluated, effects on population productivity and sustainability remain poorly understood. Long-term and systematic studies of trap-and-haul outcomes are rare, and assessments can be confounded by concurrent management actions and broad ecological and climatic effects. Existing data suggest that performance and effectiveness vary among programs and over various time scales within programs. Although critical information gaps exist, trap-and-haul is an important management and conservation tool for providing Pacific salmonids access to historical habitats. Successful application of trap-and-haul programs requires long-term commitment and an adaptive management approach by dam owners and stakeholders, and careful planning of new programs.
Many important ecological phenomena occur on large spatial scales and/or are unplanned and thus do not easily fit within analytical frameworks that rely on randomization, replication, and interspersed a priori controls for statistical comparison. Analyses of such large‐scale, natural experiments are common in the health and econometrics literature, where techniques have been developed to derive insight from large, noisy observational data sets. Here, we apply a technique from this literature, synthetic control, to assess landscape change with remote sensing data. The basic data requirements for synthetic control include (1) a discrete set of treated and untreated units, (2) a known date of treatment intervention, and (3) time series response data that include both pre‐ and post‐treatment outcomes for all units. Synthetic control generates a response metric for treated units relative to a no‐action alternative based on prior relationships between treated and unexposed groups. Using simulations and a case study involving a large‐scale brush‐clearing management event, we show how synthetic control can intuitively infer treatment effect sizes from satellite data, even in the presence of confounding noise from climate anomalies, long‐term vegetation dynamics, or sensor errors. We find that accuracy depends on the number and quality of potential control units, highlighting the importance of selecting appropriate control populations. Although we consider the synthetic control approach in the context of natural experiments with remote sensing data, we expect the methodology to have wider utility in ecology, particularly for systems with large, complex, and poorly replicated experimental units.
The efficiency of seepage meters, long considered a fixed property associated with the meter design, is not constant in highly permeable sediments. Instead, efficiency varies substantially with seepage bag fullness, duration of bag attachment, depth of meter insertion into the sediments, and seepage velocity. Tests conducted in a seepage test tank filled with isotropic sand with a hydraulic conductivity of about 60 m/d indicate that seepage meter efficiency varies widely and decreases unpredictably when the volume of the seepage bag is greater than about 65 to 70 percent full or less than about 15 to 20 percent full. Seepage generally decreases with duration of bag attachment even when operated in the mid-range of bag fullness. Stopping flow through the seepage meter during bag attachment or removal also results in a decrease in meter efficiency. Numerical modeling indicates efficiency is inversely related to hydraulic conductivity in highly permeable sediments. An efficiency close to 1 for a meter installed in sediment with a hydraulic conductivity of 1 m/d decreases to about 60 and then 10 percent when hydraulic conductivity is increased to 10 and 100 m/d, respectively. These large efficiency reductions apply only to high-permeability settings, such as wave- or tidally washed coarse sand or gravel, or fluvial settings with an actively mobile sand or gravel bed, where low resistance to flow through the porous media allows bypass flow around the seepage cylinder to readily occur. In more typical settings, much greater resistance to bypass flow suppresses small changes in meter resistance during inflation or deflation of seepage bags.
","language":"English","publisher":"MPDI","doi":"10.3390/w12113267","usgsCitation":"Rosenberry, D.O., Nieto-Lopez, J.M., Webb, R.M., and Muller, S., 2021, Variable seepage meter efficiency in high-permeability settings: Water, v. 12, no. 11, 3267, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/w12113267.","productDescription":"3267, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119819","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454229,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w12113267","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436637,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P93N8B2N","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Webb and Rosenberry, 2020, MODFLOW 2005 and MODPATH 5 model data sets used to evaluate seepage-meter efficiency in high-permeability settings"},{"id":436636,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P93N8B2N","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Webb and Rosenberry, 2020, MODFLOW 2005 and MODPATH 5 model data sets used to evaluate seepage-meter efficiency in high-permeability settings"},{"id":436635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9SO2FVM","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Seepage meter efficiency in highly permeable settings source data (2020)"},{"id":436634,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9SO2FVM","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Seepage meter efficiency in highly permeable settings source data (2020)"},{"id":384775,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-11-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nieto-Lopez, Jose M 0000-0002-2596-6368","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2596-6368","contributorId":256817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nieto-Lopez","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":51863,"text":"University of Malaga","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Webb, Richard M. 0000-0001-9531-2207 rmwebb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9531-2207","contributorId":1570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Richard","email":"rmwebb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Muller, Sascha","contributorId":256818,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muller","given":"Sascha","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12672,"text":"University of Copenhagen","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70216890,"text":"70216890 - 2021 - Record fledging count from a seven-egg clutch in the Cooper’s Hawk (Accipiter cooperii)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-14T21:19:20.632428","indexId":"70216890","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-20T16:42:04","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Record fledging count from a seven-egg clutch in the Cooper’s Hawk (Accipiter cooperii)","title":"Record fledging count from a seven-egg clutch in the Cooper’s Hawk (Accipiter cooperii)","docAbstract":"Cooper's Hawks (Accipiter cooperii) typically lay 3–5 eggs per clutch, rarely 6 eggs, and there are 2 accounts of 7-egg clutches and 1 record of a maximum 8-egg clutch for the species. Brood sizes of 3–5 young are common and the previous maximum brood count is 6 young. However, in 2019, we found an urban nest in Stevens Point, Wisconsin, with 7 eggs that resulted in a record high of 7 fledglings. We genetically confirmed that the attending male sired all the offspring and the attending female laid all 7 eggs. Larger body size of the tending adults may have been a factor in the exceptional reproduction reported here.
","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","doi":"10.1676/1559-4491-132.2.460","usgsCitation":"Rosenfield, R.N., Sonsthagen, S.A., Riddle-Berntsen, A.E., and Kuhel, E., 2021, Record fledging count from a seven-egg clutch in the Cooper’s Hawk (Accipiter cooperii): Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 132, no. 2, p. 460-463, https://doi.org/10.1676/1559-4491-132.2.460.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"460","endPage":"463","ipdsId":"IP-113425","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P914SGB1","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Genetic Data from Cooper's Hawks (Accipiter cooperii), North America"},{"id":436638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P914SGB1","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Genetic Data from Cooper's Hawks (Accipiter cooperii), North America"},{"id":382527,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","city":"Stevens Point","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.65427398681639,\n 44.46613109099745\n ],\n [\n -89.46338653564453,\n 44.46613109099745\n ],\n [\n -89.46338653564453,\n 44.593401045429374\n ],\n [\n -89.65427398681639,\n 44.593401045429374\n ],\n [\n -89.65427398681639,\n 44.46613109099745\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"132","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenfield, Robert N.","contributorId":94013,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosenfield","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":806746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sonsthagen, Sarah A. 0000-0001-6215-5874 ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-5874","contributorId":3711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonsthagen","given":"Sarah","email":"ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Riddle-Berntsen, Ann Elizabeth 0000-0002-1925-0849","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1925-0849","contributorId":245652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riddle-Berntsen","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"Elizabeth","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kuhel, Evan","contributorId":245653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kuhel","given":"Evan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":33303,"text":"University of Wisconsin Stevens Point","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70216564,"text":"70216564 - 2021 - Systematic characterization of morphotectonic variability along the Cascadia convergent margin: Implications for shallow megathrust behavior and tsunami hazards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T00:04:42.827309","indexId":"70216564","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-20T09:17:04","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Systematic characterization of morphotectonic variability along the Cascadia convergent margin: Implications for shallow megathrust behavior and tsunami hazards","docAbstract":"Studies of recent destructive megathrust earthquakes and tsunamis along subduction margins in Japan, Sumatra, and Chile have linked forearc morphology and structure to megathrust behavior. This connection is based on the idea that spatial variations in the frictional behavior of the megathrust influence the tectono-morphological evolution of the upper plate. Here we present a comprehensive examination of the tectonic geomorphology, outer wedge taper, and structural vergence along the marine forearc of the Cascadia subduction zone (offshore northwestern North America). The goal is to better understand geologic controls on outer wedge strength and segmentation at spatial scales equivalent to rupture lengths of large earthquakes (≥M 6.7), and to examine potential linkages with shallow megathrust behavior.
We use cross-margin profiles, spaced 25 km apart, to characterize along-strike variation in outer wedge width, steepness, and structural vergence (measured between the toe and the outer arc high). The width of the outer wedge varies between 17 and 93 km, and the steepness ranges from 0.9° to 6.5°. Hierarchical cluster analysis of outer wedge width and steepness reveals four distinct regions that also display unique patterns of structural vergence and shape of the wedge: Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada (average width, linear wedge, seaward and mixed vergence); Washington, USA (higher width, concave wedge, landward and mixed vergence); northern and central Oregon, USA (average width, linear and convex wedge, mixed and seaward vergence); and southern Oregon and northern California, USA (lower width, convex wedge, seaward and mixed vergence). Variability in outer wedge morphology and structure is broadly associated with along-strike megathrust segmentation inferred from differences in oceanic asthenospheric velocities, patterns of episodic tremor and slow slip, GPS models of plate locking, and the distribution of seismicity near the plate interface. In more detail, our results appear to delineate the extent, geometry, and lithology of dynamic and static backstops along the margin. Varying backstop configurations along the Cascadia margin are interpreted to represent material-strength contrasts within the wedge that appear to regulate the along- and across-strike taper and structural vergence in the outer wedge. We argue that the morphotectonic variability in the outer wedge may reflect spatial variations in shallow megathrust behavior occurring over roughly the last few million years. Comparing outer wedge taper along the Cascadia margin to a global compilation suggests that observations in the global catalog are not accurately representing the range of heterogeneity within individual margins and highlights the need for detailed margin-wide morphotectonic analyses of subduction zones worldwide.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES02178.1","usgsCitation":"Watt, J., and Brothers, D.S., 2021, Systematic characterization of morphotectonic variability along the Cascadia convergent margin: Implications for shallow megathrust behavior and tsunami hazards: Geosphere, v. 17, no. 1, p. 95-117, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02178.1.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"117","ipdsId":"IP-109931","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges02178.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":380781,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"British Columbia, California, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cascadia subduction zone","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.01367187499999,\n 40.195659093364654\n ],\n [\n -123.50830078125,\n 41.623655390686395\n ],\n [\n -123.662109375,\n 44.6061127451739\n ],\n [\n -123.662109375,\n 47.100044694025215\n ],\n [\n -123.11279296875001,\n 48.69096039092549\n ],\n [\n -128.1005859375,\n 51.248163159055906\n ],\n [\n -128.84765625,\n 50.999928855859636\n ],\n [\n -127.46337890625001,\n 40.97989806962013\n ],\n [\n -126.03515625,\n 39.605688178320804\n ],\n [\n -124.01367187499999,\n 40.195659093364654\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-11-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watt, Janet 0000-0002-4759-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-3814","contributorId":221271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Janet","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brothers, Daniel S. 0000-0001-7702-157X dbrothers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7702-157X","contributorId":167089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"Daniel","email":"dbrothers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70227051,"text":"70227051 - 2021 - Suspended-sediment Flux in the San Francisco Estuary; Part II: the Impact of the 2013–2016 California Drought and Controls on Sediment Flux","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-28T14:48:59.650241","indexId":"70227051","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-20T08:46:39","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Suspended-sediment Flux in the San Francisco Estuary; Part II: the Impact of the 2013–2016 California Drought and Controls on Sediment Flux","docAbstract":"Recent modeling has demonstrated that sediment supply is one of the primary environmental variables that will determine the sustainability of San Francisco Estuary tidal marshes over the next century as sea level rises. Therefore, understanding the environmental controls on sediment flux within the San Francisco Estuary is crucial for optimal planning and management of tidal marsh restoration. Herein, we present suspended-sediment flux estimates from water year (WY) 2009–2016 from the San Francisco Estuary to investigate the environmental controls and impact of the record 2013–2016 California drought. During the recent drought, sediment flux into Lower South Bay, the southernmost subembayment of the San Francisco Estuary, increased by 345% from 114 kt/year from WY 2009 to 2011 to 508 kt/year from WY 2014 to 2016, while local tributary sediment flux declined from 209 to 51 kt/year. Total annual sediment flux from WY 2009 to 2011 and 2014 to 2016 can be predicted by total annual freshwater inflow from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (R2 = 0.83, p < 0.01), the primary source of freshwater input into the San Francisco Estuary. The volume of freshwater inflow from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta is hypothesized to affect shoal-to-channel density gradients that affect sediment flux from broad, typically more saline and turbid shoals, to the main tidal-channel seaward of Lower South Bay. During the drought, freshwater inflow from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta decreased, and replacement of typically more saline shoal water was reduced. As a result, landward-increasing cross-channel density gradients enhanced shoal-to-channel advective flux that increased sediment available for tidal dispersion and drove an increase in net-landward sediment flux into Lower South Bay.
Geologists and petroleum engineers have struggled to identify the mechanisms that drive productivity in horizontal hydraulically fractured oil wells. The machine learning algorithms of Random Forest (RF), gradient boosting trees (GBT) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) were applied to a dataset containing 7311 horizontal hydraulically fractured wells drilled into the middle member of the Bakken Formation from 2010 through 2017. The initial goal is to use these data‐driven machine learning algorithms to identify the most important explanatory predictors of well productivity within nine subareas and the composite area. Predictor variables representing initial gas production, the initial 180‐day water cut, and vertical depth vary spatially and are identified with geologically favorable areas. Well‐completion predictors include the well lateral length, number of fracture stages, volume of proppant per stage, and the volume of injected fluids per stage. The performance of methods is compared based on a common test sample. The analysis then examines the comparative predictive performance of the three algorithms for 1330 wells that had initiated production after the initial 7311 well sample had been producing. The computations of predictor importance identified the initial 180‐day water cut and the 30‐day initial gas production predictors as having a dominant influence in most subareas and for the composite area. The relative importance of well completion predictor variables, that is, the number of fracture stages per well, volume of injected proppant per stage, volume of injected fluids per stage, and lateral length, varied considerably across the subareas. For the common test or holdout sample, the models calibrated with the XGBoost algorithm had superior predictive power. The predictive power of all the algorithms trained on the data from the original sample suffered some loss when tested with a sample of wells that had started production after the end of that period. Implications of the empirical findings and strategies to mitigate loss of predictive power are discussed in the concluding section.
The U.S. Department of the Interior recently included uranium (U) on a list of mineral commodities that are considered critical to economic and national security. The uses of U for commercial and residential energy production, defense applications, medical device technologies, and energy generation for space vehicles and satellites are known, but the environmental impacts of uranium extraction are not always well quantified. We conducted a screening-level ecological risk analysis based on exposure to mining-related elements via diets and incidental soil ingestion for terrestrial biota to provide context to chemical characterization and exposures at breccia pipe U mines in northern Arizona. Relative risks, calculated as hazard quotients (HQs), were generally low for all biological receptor models. Our models screened for risk to omnivores and insectivores (HQs>1) but not herbivores and carnivores. Uranium was not the driver of ecological risk; arsenic, cadmium, copper, and zinc were of concern for biota consuming ground-dwelling invertebrates. Invertebrate species composition should be considered when applying these models to other mining locations or future sampling at the breccia pipe mine sites. Dietary concentration thresholds (DCTs) were also calculated to understand food concentrations that may lead to ecological risk. The DCTs indicated that critical concentrations were not approached in our model scenarios, as evident in the very low HQs for most models. The DCTs may be used by natural resource and land managers as well as mine operators to screen or monitor for potential risk to terrestrial receptors as mine sites are developed and remediated in the future.
1. The effects of changing climate and disturbance on mountain forest carbon stocks vary with tree species distributions and over elevational gradients. Warming can increase carbon uptake by stimulating productivity at high elevations but also enhance carbon release by increasing respiration and the frequency, intensity, and size of wildfires.
2. To understand the consequences of climate change for temperate mountain forests, we simulated interactions among climate, wildfire, tree species, and their combined effects on regional carbon stocks in forests of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, USA with the LANDIS‐II landscape change model. Simulations used historical climate and future potential climate represented by downscaled projections from five general circulation models (GCMs) that bracket the range of variability under the representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5 emissions scenario.
3. Total ecosystem carbon increased by 67% through 2100 in simulations with historical climate, and by 38 – 69% with GCM climate. Differences in carbon uptake among GCMs resulted primarily from variation in area burned, not productivity. Warming increased productivity by extending the growing season, especially near upper treeline, but did not offset biomass losses to fire. By 2100, simulated area burned increased by 27 – 215% under GCM climate, with the largest increases after 2050. With warming >3 °C in mean annual temperature, the increased frequency of large fires reduced live carbon stocks by 4 – 36% relative to the control, historical climate scenario. However, relative losses in total carbon were delayed under GCMs with large increases in summer precipitation and buffered by carbon retained in soils and the wood of fire‐killed trees. Increasing fire size limited seed dispersal, and reductions in soil moisture limited seedling establishment; both effects will likely constrain long‐term forest regeneration and carbon uptake.
4. Synthesis.Forests in the GYE can maintain a carbon sink through the mid‐century in a warming climate but continued warming may cause the loss of forest area, live aboveground biomass, and ultimately, ecosystem carbon. Future changes in carbon stocks in similar forests throughout western North America will depend on regional thresholds for extensive wildfire and forest regeneration and therefore, changes may occur earlier in drier regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.13559","usgsCitation":"Henne, P., Hawbaker, T., Scheller, R.M., Zhao, F.S., He, H.S., Xu, W., and Zhu, Z., 2021, Increased burning in a warming climate reduces carbon uptake in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem despite productivity gains: Journal of Ecology, v. 109, no. 3801, p. 1148-1169, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13559.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1148","endPage":"1169","ipdsId":"IP-110024","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454241,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13559","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436640,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P94IA5B3","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Landscape inputs and simulation output for the LANDIS-II model in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem"},{"id":380677,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Greater Yellowstone","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.32421875,\n 42.48019996901214\n ],\n [\n -108.19335937499999,\n 42.48019996901214\n ],\n [\n -108.19335937499999,\n 45.805828539928356\n ],\n [\n -112.32421875,\n 45.805828539928356\n ],\n [\n -112.32421875,\n 42.48019996901214\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"109","issue":"3801","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henne, Paul D. 0000-0003-1211-5545 phenne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1211-5545","contributorId":169166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henne","given":"Paul D.","email":"phenne@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hawbaker, Todd 0000-0003-0930-9154 tjhawbaker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0930-9154","contributorId":568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawbaker","given":"Todd","email":"tjhawbaker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scheller, Robert M. 0000-0002-7507-4499","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7507-4499","contributorId":245139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scheller","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":805424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhao, Feng S 0000-0003-4534-933X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4534-933X","contributorId":245140,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhao","given":"Feng","email":"","middleInitial":"S","affiliations":[{"id":49091,"text":"Central China Normal University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":805425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"He, Hong S","contributorId":218764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"He","given":"Hong","email":"","middleInitial":"S","affiliations":[{"id":39904,"text":"University of Missouri, School of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":805426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Xu, Wenru","contributorId":245141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xu","given":"Wenru","affiliations":[{"id":39904,"text":"University of Missouri, School of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":805427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zhu, Zhiliang 0000-0002-6860-6936 zzhu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-6936","contributorId":150078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhiliang","email":"zzhu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70219104,"text":"70219104 - 2021 - It’s complicated…environmental DNA as a predictor of trout and char abundance in streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-08T15:19:49.595336","indexId":"70219104","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-20T07:15:22","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"It’s complicated…environmental DNA as a predictor of trout and char abundance in streams","docAbstract":"Freshwater lenses underlying small ocean islands exhibit spatial variability and temporal fluctuations in volume, influencing ecologic management. For example, The Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge harbors one of the few surviving native stands of Pisonia grandis in the central Pacific Ocean, yet these trees face pressure from groundwater salinization, with little basic groundwater data to guide decision making. Adding to natural complexity, the geology of Palmyra was heavily altered by dredge and fill activities. Our study based at this atoll combines geophysical and hydrological field measurements from 2008 to 2019 with groundwater modeling to study the drivers of observed freshwater lens dynamics. Electromagnetic induction (EMI) field data were collected on the main atoll islands over repeat transects in 2008 following ‘strong’ La Niña conditions (wet) and in 2016 during ‘very strong’ El Niño conditions (dry). Shallow monitoring wells were installed adjacent to the geophysical transects in 2013 and screened within the fresh/saline groundwater transition zone. Temporal EMI and monitoring well data showed a strong contraction of the freshwater lens in response to El Niño conditions, and indicated a thicker lens toward the ocean side, an opposite spatial pattern to that observed for many other Pacific islands. On an outer islet where a stand of mature Pisonia trees exist, EMI surveys revealed only a thin (<3 m from land surface) layer of brackish groundwater during El Niño. Numerical groundwater simulations were performed for a range of permeability distributions and climate conditions at Palmyra. Results revealed that the observed atypical lens asymmetry is likely due to more efficient submarine groundwater discharge on the lagoon side as a result of lagoon dredging and filling with high-permeability material. Simulations also predict large decreases (40%) in freshwater lens volume during dry cycles and highlight threats to the Pisonia trees, yielding insight for atoll ecosystem management worldwide.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143838","usgsCitation":"Briggs, M.A., Cantelon, J., Kurylyk, B., Kulongoski, J.T., Mills, A., and Lane, J., 2021, Small atoll fresh groundwater lenses respond to a combination of natural climatic cycles and human modified geology: Science of the Total Environment, v. 756, 143838, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143838.","productDescription":"143838, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-124031","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143838","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":381317,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Palmyra Atoll","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162.11434364318848,\n 5.865525058703975\n ],\n [\n -162.04078674316406,\n 5.865525058703975\n ],\n [\n -162.04078674316406,\n 5.896261485744235\n ],\n [\n -162.11434364318848,\n 5.896261485744235\n ],\n [\n -162.11434364318848,\n 5.865525058703975\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"756","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Briggs, Martin A. 0000-0003-3206-4132 mbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-4132","contributorId":4114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Martin","email":"mbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cantelon, J","contributorId":245723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cantelon","given":"J","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24650,"text":"Dalhousie University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kurylyk, B.","contributorId":222758,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kurylyk","given":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":24650,"text":"Dalhousie University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kulongoski, Justin T. 0000-0002-3498-4154 kulongos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-4154","contributorId":173457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulongoski","given":"Justin","email":"kulongos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mills, Audrey","contributorId":245724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mills","given":"Audrey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7041,"text":"The Nature Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. 0000-0002-3558-243X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-243X","contributorId":210076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John W.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70223679,"text":"70223679 - 2021 - Retrospective analysis of estrogenic endocrine disruption and land-use influences in the Chesapeake Bay watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-01T13:08:24.257546","indexId":"70223679","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-19T08:05:32","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Retrospective analysis of estrogenic endocrine disruption and land-use influences in the Chesapeake Bay watershed","docAbstract":"The Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in the United States and its watershed includes river drainages in six states and the District of Columbia. Sportfishing is of major economic interest, however, the rivers within the watershed provide numerous other ecological, recreational, cultural and economic benefits, as well as serving as a drinking water source for millions of people. Consequently, major fish kills and the subsequent finding of estrogenic endocrine disruption (intersex or testicular oocytes and plasma vitellogenin in male fishes) raised public and management concerns. Studies have occurred at various sites within the Bay watershed to document the extent and severity of endocrine disruption, identify risk factors and document temporal and spatial variability. Data from these focal studies, which began in 2004, were used in CART (classification and regression trees) analyses to better identify land use associations and potential management practices that influence estrogenic endocrine disruption. These analyses emphasized the importance of scale (immediate versus upstream catchment) and the complex mixtures of stressors which can contribute to surface water estrogenicity and the associated adverse effects of exposure. Both agricultural (percent cultivated, pesticide application, phytoestrogen cover crops) and developed (population density, road density, impervious surface) land cover showed positive relationships to estrogenic indicators, while percent forest and shrubs generally had a negative association. The findings can serve as a baseline for assessing ongoing restoration and management practices.
The occurrence of the 4–6 July 2019 Mw 6.4 and Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence provided the first full‐scale test of the network and telemetry readiness of the Southern California Seismic Network (SCSN), to support the ShakeAlert earthquake early warning (EEW) system in California. ShakeAlert is a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)‐led collaboration to detect earthquakes and, when possible, to alert the public before the arrival of the strongest shaking. The SCSN performed well in its regional monitoring role for both the 4 July Mw 6.4 and the 6 July Mw 7.1 earthquakes. In the EEW role, it provided timely delivery of 5 s of P‐wave data to ShakeAlert, which issued its first alert 6.9 s after origin time. Data delivery at peak data volumes for many stations exhibited some latency, and, as a consequence, some data arrived too late for analysis by one of the EEW algorithms. We find that the average link bandwidth for each station was sufficient, because all waveform data were delivered automatically to the archive, but link capacity for many stations was insufficient for peak demand. We describe the performance of the data telemetry for the sequence, including cellular, radio, hybrid, and backhaul systems. Cellular‐based telemetry systems maintained low latency throughout strong shaking and after, but some stations, even at great distances, experienced subsequent brief increases in latency. Performance of radio links depended mostly on the signal strength of the link, with short‐distance direct shots to high‐bandwidth backhaul systems showing no latency impact, whereas stations on some long distance or marginal quality links suffered latencies of tens or hundreds of seconds. Improvements are being implemented to move telemetry links onto USGS and partner high‐bandwidth microwave systems, and to reduce dependency on less robust long‐distance radio shots.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220200211","usgsCitation":"Stubailo, I., Alvarez, M., Biasi, G., Bhadha, R., and Hauksson, E., 2021, Latency of waveform data delivery from the Southern California Seismic Network during the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence and its effect on ShakeAlert: Seismological Research Letters, v. 92, no. 1, p. 170-186, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220200211.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"170","endPage":"186","ipdsId":"IP-115111","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481761,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 32\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 32\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 37\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stubailo, Igor 0000-0001-7657-2783","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7657-2783","contributorId":350664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stubailo","given":"Igor","affiliations":[{"id":13711,"text":"Caltech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":926572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alvarez, Mark 0000-0002-1361-5616","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1361-5616","contributorId":222021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":926573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Biasi, Glenn 0000-0003-0940-5488 gbiasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0940-5488","contributorId":195946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biasi","given":"Glenn","email":"gbiasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":926574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bhadha, Rayomand","contributorId":350665,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bhadha","given":"Rayomand","affiliations":[{"id":13711,"text":"Caltech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":926575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hauksson, Egill","contributorId":48174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hauksson","given":"Egill","affiliations":[{"id":27150,"text":"Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":926576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70217186,"text":"70217186 - 2021 - The 2018 reawakening and eruption dynamics of Steamboat Geyser, the world’s tallest active geyser","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-11T16:11:26.62147","indexId":"70217186","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-18T10:00:31","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2982,"text":"PNAS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 2018 reawakening and eruption dynamics of Steamboat Geyser, the world’s tallest active geyser","docAbstract":"Steamboat Geyser in Yellowstone National Park’s Norris Geyser Basin began a prolific sequence of eruptions in March 2018 after 34 y of sporadic activity. We analyze a wide range of datasets to explore triggering mechanisms for Steamboat’s reactivation and controls on eruption intervals and height. Prior to Steamboat’s renewed activity, Norris Geyser Basin experienced uplift, a slight increase in radiant temperature, and increased regional seismicity, which may indicate that magmatic processes promoted reactivation. However, because the geothermal reservoir temperature did not change, no other dormant geysers became active, and previous periods with greater seismic moment release did not reawaken Steamboat, the reason for reactivation remains ambiguous. Eruption intervals since 2018 (3.16 to 35.45 d) modulate seasonally, with shorter intervals in the summer. Abnormally long intervals coincide with weakening of a shallow seismic source in the geyser basin’s hydrothermal system. We find no relation between interval and erupted volume, implying unsteady heat and mass discharge. Finally, using data from geysers worldwide, we find a correlation between eruption height and inferred depth to the shallow reservoir supplying water to eruptions. Steamboat is taller because water is stored deeper there than at other geysers, and, hence, more energy is available to power the eruptions.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2020943118","usgsCitation":"Reed, M., Munoz-Saez, C., Hajimirza, S., Wu, S., Barth, A., Girona, T., Rasht-Behesht, M., Karplus, M., Hurwitz, S., and Manga, M., 2021, The 2018 reawakening and eruption dynamics of Steamboat Geyser, the world’s tallest active geyser: PNAS, v. 118, no. 2, e2020943118, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020943118.","productDescription":"e2020943118, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-123913","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020943118","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382060,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Norris Geyser Basin, Steamboat Geyser, Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.71465730667114,\n 44.71879196233473\n ],\n [\n -110.6957745552063,\n 44.71879196233473\n ],\n [\n -110.6957745552063,\n 44.73068351783913\n ],\n [\n -110.71465730667114,\n 44.73068351783913\n ],\n [\n -110.71465730667114,\n 44.71879196233473\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"118","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-01-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, Mara","contributorId":247557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reed","given":"Mara","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":807890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Munoz-Saez, Carolina","contributorId":131167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Munoz-Saez","given":"Carolina","affiliations":[{"id":7102,"text":"University of California, Berkeley, Dept. of Civil & Envir. Engineering","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hajimirza, Sahand","contributorId":247558,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hajimirza","given":"Sahand","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":807892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wu, Sin-Mei","contributorId":175479,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wu","given":"Sin-Mei","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13252,"text":"University of Utah","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barth, Anna","contributorId":247559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barth","given":"Anna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":807894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Girona, Tarsilo","contributorId":229679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Girona","given":"Tarsilo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":36392,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":807895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rasht-Behesht, Majid","contributorId":247560,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rasht-Behesht","given":"Majid","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":807896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Karplus, M.S","contributorId":205767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karplus","given":"M.S","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37164,"text":"University of Texas, El Paso","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hurwitz, Shaul 0000-0001-5142-6886 shaulh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5142-6886","contributorId":2169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"Shaul","email":"shaulh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Manga, Michael","contributorId":131168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Manga","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":7102,"text":"University of California, Berkeley, Dept. of Civil & Envir. Engineering","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70217217,"text":"70217217 - 2021 - Stream dissolved organic matter in permafrost regions shows surprising compositional similarities but negative priming and nutrient effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-13T13:39:59.317052","indexId":"70217217","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-18T07:36:43","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stream dissolved organic matter in permafrost regions shows surprising compositional similarities but negative priming and nutrient effects","docAbstract":"Permafrost degradation is delivering bioavailable dissolved organic matter (DOM) and inorganic nutrients to surface water networks. While these permafrost subsidies represent a small portion of total fluvial DOM and nutrient fluxes, they could influence food webs and net ecosystem carbon balance via priming or nutrient effects that destabilize background DOM. We investigated how addition of biolabile carbon (acetate) and inorganic nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) affected DOM decomposition with 28‐day incubations. We incubated late‐summer stream water from 23 locations nested in seven northern or high‐altitude regions in Asia, Europe, and North America. DOM loss ranged from 3% to 52%, showing a variety of longitudinal patterns within stream networks. DOM optical properties varied widely, but DOM showed compositional similarity based on Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT‐ICR MS) analysis. Addition of acetate and nutrients decreased bulk DOM mineralization (i.e., negative priming), with more negative effects on biodegradable DOM but neutral or positive effects on stable DOM. Unexpectedly, acetate and nutrients triggered breakdown of colored DOM (CDOM), with median decreases of 1.6% in the control and 22% in the amended treatment. Additionally, the uptake of added acetate was strongly limited by nutrient availability across sites. These findings suggest that biolabile DOM and nutrients released from degrading permafrost may decrease background DOM mineralization but alter stoichiometry and light conditions in receiving waterbodies. We conclude that priming and nutrient effects are coupled in northern aquatic ecosystems and that quantifying two‐way interactions between DOM properties and environmental conditions could resolve conflicting observations about the drivers of DOM in permafrost zone waterways.
Despite agreement that calc-alkaline volcanism occurs at subduction zones and is responsible for the genesis of continental landmasses, there is no consensus on the source of the Fe-depleted signature hallmark to calc-alkaline volcanism. In this study, we utilize mafic tephras collected from Buldir Volcano to address the genesis of strongly calc-alkaline volcanic rocks (those with a low Tholeiitic Index; ≤0·7) in a segment of the western Aleutian Arc to determine if the eruptions are plausibly part of a liquid line of descent, if they are mixtures of crustal melts and parental magmas, or if they are mixtures of melts of the mantle and the subducting slab. We conducted a series of H2O-saturated phase equilibrium experiments (1175–1000°C; 100 MPa) in a rapid-quench cold-seal (MHC) apparatus on the most primitive natural lava from Buldir (9·34 wt % MgO) at oxidizing conditions near the Re–ReO2 buffer. We confirmed that all experiments equilibrated 0·3 ± 0·23 log units above the Re–ReO2 buffer (ΔQFM ∼ +2·8) using X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) spectroscopy. Chromite is the liquidus phase, followed by olivine, then plagioclase, then clinopyroxene, and finally hornblende. Once clinopyroxene saturates, spinel composition shifts to magnetite. We compared our experimental results to the major element geochemistry and petrology of six tephras (51·9–54·8 wt % SiO2) from Buldir collected during the 2015 field season of the GeoPRISMS shared platform. Tephras contain olivine + plagioclase + clinopyroxene + spinel ± hornblende; plagioclase comprises most of the crystalline volume, followed by either olivine or hornblende. Spinel is ubiquitous; with Cr-rich spinel inclusions in olivine and hornblende, and magnetite in the groundmass.
Variations in phenocryst assemblages and compositions between samples can be attributed to differences in pre-eruptive temperatures, where hotter samples are devoid of hornblende, and contain Fo-rich olivine and plagioclase with lower An-contents, owing to the position of the mineral-in curves at fluid-saturated conditions. Experimental glasses match the depletion in FeOT observed in the tephra whole rock compositions. The continuous depletion in FeOT is attributable to saturation of spinel as a liquidus phase (initially as chromite) and continuous crystallization through the experimental series (changing to magnetite at colder temperatures). In contrast to the natural samples, the experiments show enrichment in TiO2 with decreasing MgO, suggesting that differentiation did not occur at 100 MPa on Buldir. The TiO2 depletion in volcanic rocks from Buldir can be accounted for if hornblende crystallization occurs close to the liquidus of a parental magma; a condition that is met at higher pressures and hydrous conditions.
The emerging picture for Buldir Island is that (1) oxidizing conditions are required to drive the observed depletions in FeOT via crystallization of spinel, and (2) elevated H2O contents and high pressures are required to saturate hornblende close to the liquidus to reproduce the entire suite of major elements. Our study provides a mechanism to generate the calc-alkaline trends observed at Buldir without requiring mixing of slab and mantle melts. We conclude that calc-alkaline volcanic rocks with extremely low Tholeiitic Indices (0·7), like those from Buldir, cannot be generated in absence of high oxygen fugacity, even at high pressure and/or elevated water pressures.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/petrology/egaa104","usgsCitation":"Waters, L., Cottrell, E., Coombs, M.L., and Kelley, K.A., 2021, Generation of calc-alkaline magmas during crystallization at high oxygen fugacity: An experimental and petrologic study of tephras from Buldir Volcano, western Aleutian Arc, Alaska, USA: Journal of Petrology, v. 62, no. 3, egaa104, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egaa104.","productDescription":"egaa104, 36 p.","ipdsId":"IP-112037","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/gsofacpubs/1581","text":"External Repository"},{"id":386115,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Aleutian arc","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.67578125,\n 58.768200159239576\n ],\n [\n -171.650390625,\n 54.1109429427243\n ],\n [\n -179.47265625,\n 52.26815737376817\n ],\n [\n -177.45117187499997,\n 49.61070993807422\n ],\n [\n -155.7421875,\n 55.32914440840507\n ],\n [\n -152.9296875,\n 57.27904276497778\n ],\n [\n -157.67578125,\n 58.768200159239576\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"62","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waters, Laura","contributorId":259192,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waters","given":"Laura","affiliations":[{"id":36475,"text":"Sonoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cottrell, Elizabeth","contributorId":192904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cottrell","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coombs, Michelle L. 0000-0002-6002-6806 mcoombs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-6806","contributorId":2809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"Michelle","email":"mcoombs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelley, Katherine A.","contributorId":192905,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelley","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70218645,"text":"70218645 - 2021 - Lock operations influence upstream passages of invasive and native fishes at a Mississippi River high-head dam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-03T13:19:31.728785","indexId":"70218645","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-18T06:47:51","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lock operations influence upstream passages of invasive and native fishes at a Mississippi River high-head dam","docAbstract":"Asian carps continue to expand their range in North America, necessitating efforts to limit the spread and establishment of reproducing populations. Mississippi River Lock and Dam 19 is a high-head dam that represents a population ‘pinch-point’ as passage through the lock chamber is the only means by which fishes can complete upstream movement. As such, this location could be a pivotal control point for minimizing the spread of invasive fishes in the Upper Mississippi River and a possible candidate site for installation of deterrent measures. Our objectives were (1) to study the timing (i.e., weekly and diel) and behavior of fishes in the downstream lock approach, (2) evaluate the relation of presence in the downstream lock approach with environmental factors and lock operation, and (3) identify any upstream or downstream passage events through the lock chamber and the relation between these events and the operation of the lock. Acoustic transmitters were surgically implanted into 262 Asian carps and 216 native fishes to monitor fish activity on a telemetry receiver array deployed around and within the lock for 622 days during 2017–2018. One hundred eighty-six telemetered fish were detected in the downstream lock approach. We documented 14 upstream Asian carp passages and 10 upstream native fish passages; these passages coincided with a specific sequence of large vessel lockages. The results of this study advance our understanding of fish presence and behavior at a Mississippi River mainstem lock and dam and inform the development and testing of deterrent systems at this location or at similar pinch-point lock and dams.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10530-020-02401-7","usgsCitation":"Fritts, A.K., Knights, B.C., Stanton, J.C., Milde, A.S., Vallazza, J.M., Brey, M.K., Tripp, S.J., Devine, T.E., Sleeper, W., Lamer, J.T., and Mosel, K.J., 2021, Lock operations influence upstream passages of invasive and native fishes at a Mississippi River high-head dam: Biological Invasions, v. 23, p. 771-794, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02401-7.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"771","endPage":"794","ipdsId":"IP-112641","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HOPS3O","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"2017-2018 Telemetry data for Asian carp and native fish species at Lock and Dam 19 in the Upper Mississippi River Basin"},{"id":383737,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri, Iowa, Illinois","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.93359374999999,\n 39.90973623453719\n ],\n [\n -90.87890624999999,\n 39.90973623453719\n ],\n [\n -90.87890624999999,\n 41.244772343082076\n ],\n [\n -91.93359374999999,\n 41.244772343082076\n ],\n [\n -91.93359374999999,\n 39.90973623453719\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fritts, Andrea K. 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jcstanton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6225-3703","contributorId":5634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Jessica","email":"jcstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":811251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Milde, Amanda S. 0000-0001-5854-9184 amilde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5854-9184","contributorId":5877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milde","given":"Amanda","email":"amilde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":811252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vallazza, Jonathan M. 0000-0003-2367-4887 jvallazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2367-4887","contributorId":149362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallazza","given":"Jonathan","email":"jvallazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":811253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brey, Marybeth K. 0000-0003-4403-9655 mbrey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4403-9655","contributorId":187651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brey","given":"Marybeth","email":"mbrey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":811254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tripp, Sara J.","contributorId":253122,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tripp","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16971,"text":"Missouri Department of Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":811255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Devine, Thomas E.","contributorId":253123,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Devine","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":16971,"text":"Missouri Department of Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":811256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sleeper, Wesley","contributorId":253124,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sleeper","given":"Wesley","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16971,"text":"Missouri Department of Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":811257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lamer, James T. 0000-0003-1155-1548","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1155-1548","contributorId":196307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lamer","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":48847,"text":"Illinois River Biological Station, Illinois Natural History Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":811258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Mosel, Kyle J. 0000-0002-9885-6960","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9885-6960","contributorId":253125,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mosel","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":811259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70243772,"text":"70243772 - 2021 - Behavioral responses of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and white sucker (Catostomus commersonii) to turbulent flow during fishway passage attempts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-19T11:43:02.869837","indexId":"70243772","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-18T06:33:36","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Behavioral responses of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and white sucker (Catostomus commersonii) to turbulent flow during fishway passage attempts","title":"Behavioral responses of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and white sucker (Catostomus commersonii) to turbulent flow during fishway passage attempts","docAbstract":"An understanding of how undesirable and desirable fish species respond behaviorally to turbulent flow in fishways would guide development of selective fish passage techniques. We applied high-resolution computational fluid dynamics modeling and competing risks analysis towards the development of predictive selective passage models. Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus; an invasive fish in the Great Lakes Basin, North America) upstream passage probability declined from 0.73 to 0.03 as flow conditions became increasingly turbulent, while declines in white sucker (Catostomus commersonii, a native fish in the region) upstream passage probability were less substantial (0.53 to 0.44). Deploying a sea lamprey trap in the fishway did not effectively reduce sea lamprey upstream passage probability, though capture rate increased during trials with cooler water temperature and low total kinetic energy. Bifurcated fishways that maintain low turbulent flow in the entrapment route and high turbulent flow in the upstream passage route could increase the effectiveness of trapping sea lamprey in fishways as a means to advance selective passage goals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2020-0223","usgsCitation":"Lewandoski, S.A., Hrodey, P.J., Miehls, S.M., Piszczek, P., and Zielinski, D., 2021, Behavioral responses of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and white sucker (Catostomus commersonii) to turbulent flow during fishway passage attempts: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 78, no. 4, p. 409-421, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2020-0223.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"409","endPage":"421","ipdsId":"IP-120067","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":417234,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Bois Brule River, Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.61913799037413,\n 46.746319413615765\n ],\n [\n -91.61109265501442,\n 46.697600103611876\n ],\n [\n -91.60349428273015,\n 46.66908351070549\n ],\n [\n -91.610645691939,\n 46.6396312386392\n ],\n [\n -91.59455502121916,\n 46.61568945646317\n ],\n [\n -91.59008539046347,\n 46.5831713812953\n ],\n [\n -91.59768376274775,\n 46.54414318194961\n ],\n [\n -91.61735013807177,\n 46.5241572565657\n ],\n [\n -91.60751695040997,\n 46.48507053273994\n ],\n [\n -91.63612258724542,\n 46.45367061381313\n ],\n [\n -91.68126585787567,\n 46.44011995829479\n ],\n [\n -91.75201200283867,\n 46.40437245435308\n ],\n [\n -91.75201200283867,\n 46.39820791069087\n ],\n [\n -91.64652871700919,\n 46.43980506395201\n ],\n [\n -91.6128335861273,\n 46.45168996471648\n ],\n [\n -91.5878036538965,\n 46.483091025906276\n ],\n [\n -91.59853076771002,\n 46.527698611965775\n ],\n [\n -91.576629577008,\n 46.54522398535883\n ],\n [\n -91.57081905702584,\n 46.589166256606916\n ],\n [\n -91.57528868778131,\n 46.62048794471005\n ],\n [\n -91.59137935850114,\n 46.64381389971618\n ],\n [\n -91.58512187544464,\n 46.68098665401865\n ],\n [\n -91.59629595233312,\n 46.712255228466375\n ],\n [\n -91.5954020261823,\n 46.726657203488514\n ],\n [\n -91.60389432461741,\n 46.75361226678078\n ],\n [\n -91.61913799037413,\n 46.746319413615765\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"78","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewandoski, Sean A.","contributorId":221007,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewandoski","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hrodey, Peter J.","contributorId":205578,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hrodey","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6599,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Marquette Biological Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miehls, Scott M. 0000-0002-5546-1854 smiehls@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5546-1854","contributorId":5007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miehls","given":"Scott","email":"smiehls@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Piszczek, Paul","contributorId":305569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piszczek","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36986,"text":"Michigan Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zielinski, Daniel","contributorId":245798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zielinski","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[{"id":7019,"text":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70221491,"text":"70221491 - 2021 - USGS44, a new high-purity calcium carbonate reference material for δ13C measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-18T20:54:41.038905","indexId":"70221491","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-17T15:47:34","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3233,"text":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"USGS44, a new high-purity calcium carbonate reference material for δ13C measurements","docAbstract":"The stable carbon isotopic (δ13C) reference material (RM) LSVEC Li2CO3 has been found to be unsuitable for δ13C standardization work because its δ13C value increases with exposure to atmospheric CO2. A new CaCO3 RM, USGS44, has been prepared to alleviate this situation.
USGS44 was prepared from 8 kg of Merck high-purity CaCO3. Two sets of δ13C values of USGS44 were determined. The first set of values was determined by online combustion, continuous-flow (CF) isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) of NBS 19 CaCO3 (δ13CVPDB = +1.95 milliurey (mUr) exactly, where mUr = 0.001 = 1‰), and LSVEC Li2CO3 (δ13CVPDB = −46.6 mUr exactly), and normalized to the two-anchor δ13CVPDB-LSVEC isotope-delta scale. The second set of values was obtained by dual-inlet (DI)-IRMS of CO2 evolved by reaction of H3PO4 with carbonates, corrected for cross contamination, and normalized to the single-anchor δ13CVPDB scale.
USGS44 is stable and isotopically homogeneous to within 0.02 mUr in 100-μg amounts. It has a δ13CVPDB-LSVEC value of −42.21 ± 0.05 mUr. Single-anchor δ13CVPDB values of −42.08 ± 0.01 and −41.99 ± 0.02 mUr were determined by DI-IRMS with corrections for cross contamination.
The new high-purity, well-homogenized calcium carbonate isotopic reference material USGS44 is stable and has a δ13CVPDB-LSVEC value of −42.21 ± 0.05 mUr for both EA/IRMS and DI-IRMS measurements. As a carbonate relatively depleted in 13C, it is intended for daily use as a secondary isotopic reference material to normalize stable carbon isotope delta measurements to the δ13CVPDB-LSVEC scale. It is useful in quantifying drift with time, determining mass-dependent isotopic fractionation (linearity correction), and adjusting isotope-ratio-scale contraction. Due to its fine grain size (smaller than 63 μm), it is not suitable as a δ18O reference material. A δ13CVPDB-LSVEC value of −29.99 ± 0.05 mUr was determined for NBS 22 oil.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rcm.9006","usgsCitation":"Qi, H., Moossen, H., Meijer, H.A., Coplen, T.B., Aerts-Bijma, A.T., Reid, L.T., Geilmann, H., Richter, J., Rothe, M., Brand, W.A., Toman, B., Benefield, J., and Helie, J., 2021, USGS44, a new high-purity calcium carbonate reference material for δ13C measurements: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, v. 35, no. 4, e9006, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.9006.","productDescription":"e9006, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-121606","costCenters":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.9006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":386593,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Qi, Haiping 0000-0002-8339-744X haipingq@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8339-744X","contributorId":507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"Haiping","email":"haipingq@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":817838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moossen, Heiko","contributorId":260393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moossen","given":"Heiko","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52579,"text":"Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meijer, Harro A.J.","contributorId":187804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meijer","given":"Harro","email":"","middleInitial":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":817841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aerts-Bijma, Anita T","contributorId":260394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aerts-Bijma","given":"Anita","email":"","middleInitial":"T","affiliations":[{"id":52581,"text":"Centre for Isotope Research (CIO), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reid, Lauren T 0000-0003-3872-9596","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3872-9596","contributorId":243302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Lauren","email":"","middleInitial":"T","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":817843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Geilmann, Heiko","contributorId":260395,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geilmann","given":"Heiko","affiliations":[{"id":52579,"text":"Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Richter, Jurgen","contributorId":260396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richter","given":"Jurgen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52579,"text":"Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Rothe, Michael","contributorId":260397,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rothe","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52579,"text":"Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Brand, Willi A.","contributorId":209257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brand","given":"Willi","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Toman, Blaza","contributorId":187793,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Toman","given":"Blaza","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Benefield, Jacqueline 0000-0001-9124-2424 jbenefield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9124-2424","contributorId":190135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benefield","given":"Jacqueline","email":"jbenefield@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":817849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Helie, Jean-Francois","contributorId":187802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helie","given":"Jean-Francois","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70215397,"text":"70215397 - 2021 - Sediment dynamics of a divergent bay–marsh complex","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-01T17:19:12.643911","indexId":"70215397","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-17T12:55:51","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment dynamics of a divergent bay–marsh complex","docAbstract":"Bay–marsh systems, composed of an embayment surrounded by fringing marsh incised by tidal channels, are widely distributed coastal environments. External sediment availability, marsh-edge erosion, and sea-level rise acting on such bay–marsh complexes may drive diverse sediment-flux regimes. These factors reinforce the ephemeral and dynamic nature of fringing marshes: material released by marsh-edge erosion becomes part of a bay–marsh exchange that fuels the geomorphic evolution of the coupled system. The dynamics of this sediment exchange determine the balance among seaward export, deposition on the embayment seabed, flux into tidal channels, and import to the marsh platform. In this work, we investigate the sediment dynamics of a transgressive bay–marsh complex and link them to larger-scale considerations of its geomorphic trajectory. Grand Bay, Alabama/Mississippi, is a shallow microtidal embayment surrounded by salt marshes with lateral erosion rates of up to 5 m year−1. We collected 6 months of oceanographic data at four moorings within Grand Bay and its tidal channels to assess hydrographic conditions and net sediment-flux patterns and augmented the observations with numerical modeling. The observations imply a divergent sedimentary system in which a majority of the suspended sediment is exported seaward, while a smaller fraction is imported landward via tidal channels, assisting in vertical marsh-plain accumulation, maintenance of channel and intertidal-flat morphologies, and landward transgression. These results describe a dynamic system that is responsive to episodic atmospheric forcing in the absence of a strong tidal signal and the presence of severe lateral marsh loss.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12237-020-00855-5","usgsCitation":"Nowacki, D.J., and Ganju, N., 2021, Sediment dynamics of a divergent bay–marsh complex: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 44, p. 1216-1230, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-020-00855-5.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1216","endPage":"1230","ipdsId":"IP-120963","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454262,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-020-00855-5","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382512,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Grand Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.43856811523438,\n 30.34562073484083\n ],\n [\n -88.35582733154297,\n 30.34562073484083\n ],\n [\n -88.35582733154297,\n 30.422032481449097\n ],\n [\n -88.43856811523438,\n 30.422032481449097\n ],\n [\n -88.43856811523438,\n 30.34562073484083\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nowacki, Daniel J. 0000-0002-7015-3710 dnowacki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7015-3710","contributorId":174586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowacki","given":"Daniel","email":"dnowacki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":802011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ganju, Neil K. 0000-0002-1096-0465","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":202878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"Neil K.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":802012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70216779,"text":"70216779 - 2021 - Generalizing the inversion‐based PSHA source model for an interconnected fault system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-27T16:59:07.467182","indexId":"70216779","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-17T09:41:19","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Generalizing the inversion‐based PSHA source model for an interconnected fault system","docAbstract":"This article represents a step toward generalizing and simplifying the procedure for constructing an inversion‐based seismic hazard source model for an interconnected fault system, including the specification of adjustable segmentation constraints. A very simple example is used to maximize understandability and to counter the notion that an inversion approach is only applicable when an abundance of data is available. Also exemplified is how to construct a range of models to adequately represent epistemic uncertainties (which should be a high priority in any hazard assessment). Opportunity is also taken to address common concerns and misunderstandings associated with the third Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast, including the seemingly disproportionate number of large‐magnitude events, and how well hazard is resolved given the overall problem is very underdetermined. However, the main aim of this article is to provide a general protocol for constructing such models.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120200219","usgsCitation":"Field, E.H., Milner, K.R., and Page, M.T., 2021, Generalizing the inversion‐based PSHA source model for an interconnected fault system: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 111, no. 1, p. 371-390, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120200219.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"371","endPage":"390","ipdsId":"IP-122019","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381034,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, Edward H. 0000-0001-8172-7882 field@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8172-7882","contributorId":52242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Edward","email":"field@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Milner, Kevin R.","contributorId":194141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Milner","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":806225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Page, Morgan T. 0000-0001-9321-2990 mpage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9321-2990","contributorId":3762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"Morgan","email":"mpage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70249204,"text":"70249204 - 2021 - Teleseismic P‐qave coda autocorrelation imaging of crustal and basin structure, Bighorn Mountains Region, Wyoming, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-02T11:46:50.38526","indexId":"70249204","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-17T06:41:13","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Teleseismic P‐qave coda autocorrelation imaging of crustal and basin structure, Bighorn Mountains Region, Wyoming, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"We demonstrate successful crustal imaging via teleseismic P‐wave coda autocorrelation, using data recorded on a 261 station array of vertical‐component high‐frequency geophones in the area of the Bighorn Mountains, Wyoming, U.S.A. We autocorrelate the P‐wave coda of 30 teleseismic events and use phase‐weighted stacking to yield seismic profiles comparable to low‐passed versions of those produced via controlled‐source vertical seismic reflection. Our process recovers reflections from the bottoms of the Bighorn and Powder River basins that flank the Bighorn Mountains. We also identify a mid‐crustal reflector that aligns with a region of increased reflectivity, previously interpreted as a Precambrian province boundary. Our results demonstrate the utility of crustal imaging with teleseismic P‐wave coda energy using modern large‐array seismic data, and they corroborate previous interpretations of crustal structures in the study area.
Recent large influxes of non-native Pacific pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) to North European rivers have raised concern over their potential negative impacts on native salmonids and recipient ecosystems. The eggs and carcasses of semelparous pink salmon may provide a significant nutrient and energy subsidy to native biota, but this phenomenon has not been widely documented outside the species' native distribution. We analysed the stomach contents and stable isotope values (δ15N and δ13C) in muscle and liver tissues of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) to determine whether these native salmonids utilise marine-derived nutrients and energy provided by pink salmon eggs and carcasses in the subarctic river system Vesterelva, northern Norway. Although egg foraging and assimilation of marine-derived nutrients in fish body tissues were found to be minor at the population level, a few juvenile salmon and trout had recently eaten large quantities of pink salmon eggs. Some of these individuals also had high δ15N and δ13C values, indicating a long-term diet subsidised by marine-derived nutrients and energy from pink salmon eggs. Hence, our study provides novel evidence that the eggs of invasive pink salmon may provide an energetic, profitable food resource for juvenile native fish. More research is needed to understand the broader ecological implications for fishes and other biota in river ecosystems invaded by pink salmon.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eff.12582","usgsCitation":"Dunlop, K., Eloranta, A.P., Schoen, E., Wipfli, M.S., Jensen, J.L., Muladal, R., and Christensen, G.N., 2021, Evidence of energy and nutrient transfer from invasive pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) spawners to juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) in northern Norway: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 30, no. 2, p. 270-283, https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12582.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"270","endPage":"283","ipdsId":"IP-120051","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454265,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12582","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":396484,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Norway","county":"Troms and Finnmark County","otherGeospatial":"River Vesterelva","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 27.94921875,\n 69.99053495947653\n ],\n [\n 28.729248046875,\n 69.99053495947653\n ],\n [\n 28.729248046875,\n 70.37785394109224\n ],\n [\n 27.94921875,\n 70.37785394109224\n ],\n [\n 27.94921875,\n 69.99053495947653\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunlop, Kathy","contributorId":280214,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunlop","given":"Kathy","affiliations":[{"id":56901,"text":"imr","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eloranta, Antti P.","contributorId":280215,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eloranta","given":"Antti","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":57418,"text":"ninr","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schoen, Erik","contributorId":280216,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schoen","given":"Erik","affiliations":[{"id":6695,"text":"UAF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wipfli, Mark S. 0000-0002-4856-6068 mwipfli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4856-6068","contributorId":1425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wipfli","given":"Mark","email":"mwipfli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":836107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jensen, Jenny L. A.","contributorId":280217,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jensen","given":"Jenny","email":"","middleInitial":"L. A.","affiliations":[{"id":38108,"text":"NA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Muladal, Rune","contributorId":280218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muladal","given":"Rune","affiliations":[{"id":38108,"text":"NA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Christensen, Guttorm N.","contributorId":280219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"Guttorm","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":38108,"text":"NA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70216647,"text":"70216647 - 2021 - Ancient Egyptian mummified shrews (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla: Soricidae) and mice (Rodentia: Muridae) from the Spanish Mission to Dra Abu el-Naga, and their implications for environmental change in the Nile valley during the past two millennia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-27T17:01:45.749015","indexId":"70216647","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-16T07:43:55","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ancient Egyptian mummified shrews (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla: Soricidae) and mice (Rodentia: Muridae) from the Spanish Mission to Dra Abu el-Naga, and their implications for environmental change in the Nile valley during the past two millennia","docAbstract":"Excavation of Ptolemaic Period (ca. 309–30 BC) strata within Theban Tombs 11, 12, -399-, and UE194A by the Spanish Mission to Dra Abu el-Naga (also known as the Djehuty Project), on the west bank of the Nile River opposite Luxor, Egypt, yielded remains of at least 175 individual small mammals that include four species of shrews (Eulipotypha: Soricidae) and two species of rodents (Rodentia: Muridae). Two of the shrews (Crocidura fulvastra and Crocidura pasha) no longer occur in Egypt, and one species (Crocidura olivieri) is known in the country only from a disjunct population inhabiting the Nile delta and the Fayum. Although deposited in the tombs by humans as part of religious ceremonies, these animals probably derived originally from local wild populations. The coexistence of this diverse array of shrew species as part of the mammal community near Luxor indicates greater availability of moist floodplain habitats than occur there at present. These were probably made possible by a greater flow of the Nile, as indicated by geomorphological and palynological evidence. The mammal fauna recovered by the Spanish Mission provides a unique snapshot of the native Ptolemaic community during this time period, and it permits us to gauge community turnover in the Nile valley of Upper Egypt during the last 2000 years. It also serves as a relevant example for understanding the extinction and extirpation of mammal species as effects of future environmental changes predicted by current climatic models.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/qua.2020.89","usgsCitation":"Woodman, N., and Ikram, S., 2021, Ancient Egyptian mummified shrews (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla: Soricidae) and mice (Rodentia: Muridae) from the Spanish Mission to Dra Abu el-Naga, and their implications for environmental change in the Nile valley during the past two millennia: Quaternary Research, v. 100, p. 21-31, https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2020.89.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"31","ipdsId":"IP-122070","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380835,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Egypt","otherGeospatial":"northern Egypt","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 24.873046874999996,\n 26.78484736105119\n ],\n [\n 33.2666015625,\n 26.78484736105119\n ],\n [\n 33.2666015625,\n 31.541089879585808\n ],\n [\n 24.873046874999996,\n 31.541089879585808\n ],\n [\n 24.873046874999996,\n 26.78484736105119\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"100","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodman, Neal 0000-0003-2689-7373 nwoodman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-7373","contributorId":3547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodman","given":"Neal","email":"nwoodman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ikram, Salima","contributorId":245249,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ikram","given":"Salima","affiliations":[{"id":49125,"text":"American University in Cairo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":805703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70216503,"text":"70216503 - 2021 - How to identify win–win interventions that benefit human health and conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T18:39:08.822809","indexId":"70216503","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-16T07:38:39","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5791,"text":"Nature Sustainability","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How to identify win–win interventions that benefit human health and conservation","docAbstract":"To reach the Sustainable Development Goals, we may need to act on synergies between some targets while mediating trade-offs between other targets. But what, exactly, are synergies and trade-offs, and how are they related to other outcomes, such as ‘win–win’ solutions? Finding limited guidance in the existing literature, we developed an operational method for distinguishing win–wins from eight other possible dual outcomes (lose–lose, lose–neutral and so on). Using examples related to human health and conservation, we illustrate how interdisciplinary problem-solvers can use this framework to assess relationships among targets and compare multi-target interventions that affect people and nature.