The Mainstems data model implements the catchment and flowpath concepts from WaterML2 Part 3: Surface Hydrology Features (HY_Features) for persistent, cross-scale, identification of hydrologic features. The data model itself provides a focused and lightweight method to describe hydrologic networks with minimum but sufficient information. The design is intended to provide a model for data integration that can be used for network navigation and persistent hydrologic indexing (hydrographic addressing) functionality. Mainstems is designed to provide long-term stability with minimal maintenance requirements. The data model is not meant to advance hydrologic process representation or uniquely represent geomorphic characteristics. The principle assumption in Mainstems is that all drainage basins have one - and only one - headwater source area and a single mainstem that flows to a single outlet. Using these base feature types, (headwater, outlet, mainstem, and drainage basin) a nested set of drainage basins - and the associated dendritic network of mainstems - can be identified.
Increasing frequency and severity of droughts have motivated natural resource managers to mitigate harmful ecological and hydrological effects of drought, but drought mitigation is an emerging science and evaluating its effectiveness is difficult. We examined ecohydrological responses of drought mitigation actions aimed at conserving populations of the Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) in a semi-arid valley in Nevada, USA. Abundance of this rare frog had declined precipitously after multiple droughts. Mitigation included excavating ponds to increase available surface water and installing earthen dams to raise water tables. We assessed responses of riparian vegetation to mitigation using a 30-year time series of satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and gridded weather data. We then analyzed a 23-year mark-recapture dataset to evaluate the effects of drought mitigation and NDVI on the probability of frog survival and rates of recruitment. After accounting for interannual precipitation variability, we found that NDVI increased significantly from before to after drought mitigation, suggesting that mitigation influenced the hydrology and vegetation of the meadows. Frog survival increased with NDVI, but mitigation had a stronger effect than NDVI suggesting that excavated mitigation ponds were particularly important for frog survival during drought. In contrast, frog recruitment was associated with NDVI more than mitigation, but only in meadows where NDVI was dependent on precipitation. At meadows with available groundwater, recruitment was associated with mitigation ponds. These findings suggest that mitigation ponds are critical for juvenile frogs to recruit into the adult population, but recruitment can also be increased by raising water tables in meadows lacking groundwater sources. Lagged recruitment (i.e., effects on larvae and juveniles) was negatively associated with NDVI. This study illustrates the ecohydrological complexity of drought mitigation and demonstrates novel ways to assess the effectiveness of drought mitigation using time series of readily available satellite imagery and organismal data.
Maximum densities of juvenile river herring (Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus and Blueback Herring A. aestivalis) vary among freshwater lakes, likely due to densities of adult spawners. Differences in habitat availability and lake water quality may also contribute to variation in juvenile river herring productivity between populations, yet these relationships have not been tested across a large geographic scope. In this study we investigated relationships between juvenile river herring densities and (1) spawning adult river herring densities, (2) lake habitat availability, and (3) lake water quality in 29 freshwater lakes in the northeastern USA. Purse seines were used at night to sample juvenile river herring monthly in June–August 2014 and 2015, with concurrent collection of lake-specific physical (e.g., lake surface area, mean depth, depth to thermocline), chemical (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon [DOC]), and biological (chlorophyll a, adult spawning density) data. Spawning adult density (number of adults per surface area of lake) explained 66.6% of the variation in juvenile densities using a generalized additive model. Juvenile densities increased with increasing adult density, peaking at roughly 1,000 adults/ha, and then declined at higher adult densities, suggesting a limit to carrying capacity in juvenile production. Linear mixed-effects models revealed that differences in water quality and habitat across lakes explained additional variation in juvenile densities. Specifically, DOC was negatively related to juvenile densities, suggesting that DOC limits the amount of suitable, well-oxygenated epilimnion habitat available to juvenile river herring in late summer. Our results can be used to help understand expected juvenile production based on adult density within a lake, to inform expectations about juvenile growth and survival, and to understand the mechanisms for how changes in habitat availability and water quality affect river herring populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10282","usgsCitation":"Devine, M.T., Rosset, J., Roy, A.H., Gahagan, B.I., Armstrong, M.P., Whiteley, A., and Jordaan, A., 2021, Feeling the squeeze: Adult run size and habitat availability limit juvenile river herring densities in lakes: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 150, no. 2, p. 207-221, https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10282.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"221","ipdsId":"IP-120456","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396569,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -68.66455078125,\n 44.6061127451739\n ],\n [\n -70.927734375,\n 44.62175409623324\n ],\n [\n -72.1142578125,\n 43.723474896114794\n ],\n [\n -73.4326171875,\n 41.31082388091818\n ],\n [\n -71.103515625,\n 41.1290213474951\n ],\n [\n -70.0048828125,\n 41.32732632036622\n ],\n [\n -69.54345703125,\n 41.88592102814744\n ],\n [\n -70.400390625,\n 42.827638636242284\n ],\n [\n -69.78515625,\n 43.48481212891603\n ],\n [\n -68.84033203125,\n 44.02442151965934\n ],\n [\n -68.66455078125,\n 44.6061127451739\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"150","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Devine, Matthew T.","contributorId":204986,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Devine","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":836323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosset, Julianne","contributorId":197446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosset","given":"Julianne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":836324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roy, Allison H. 0000-0002-8080-2729 aroy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8080-2729","contributorId":4240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"Allison","email":"aroy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":836322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gahagan, Benjamin I.","contributorId":200168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gahagan","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":836325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Armstrong, Michael P.","contributorId":286850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Armstrong","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":40132,"text":"Massachusetts Division of Marine Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Whiteley, Andrew R.","contributorId":286853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whiteley","given":"Andrew R.","affiliations":[{"id":36523,"text":"University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jordaan, Adrian","contributorId":210892,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jordaan","given":"Adrian","affiliations":[{"id":36396,"text":"University of Massachusetts","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70216363,"text":"70216363 - 2021 - A lagrangian-to-eulerian metric to identify estuarine pelagic habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-01T17:01:46.95513","indexId":"70216363","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-11T09:23:39","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A lagrangian-to-eulerian metric to identify estuarine pelagic habitats","docAbstract":"Estuaries are among the world’s most productive ecosystems, but recent natural and anthropogenic changes have stressed these ecosystems. Tools to assess estuarine pelagic habitats are important to support and maintain healthy ecosystem function. In this work, we demonstrate that estuarine pelagic habitats can be identified by a simple ratio, termed the LE ratio, that takes into account the tidal excursion along a channel (a Lagrangian length scale) and the distance along that channel (an Eulerian length scale). To develop and assess this concept, numerical simulations of the 1D advection–dispersion equation of a conservative tracer and tidal excursion estimates based on data were used to formulize a conceptual model and to define exchange zones within a tidal channel. This conceptual model was then used to predict the extent of pelagic habitats in a terminal channel network in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta. Exchange zones mapped onto these channels were found to be in good agreement with independent estimates of residence time. Sensitivity analyses of the numerical model suggest that productive pelagic habitats can be expanded by a factor of 2 by either increasing dispersion or increasing spring–neap variability in mean tidal velocity. Such changes can also enhance flushing in upper channel reaches. These findings are relevant for tidal marsh restoration projects that aim to expand beneficial aquatic habitats by varying exchange or residence time over the spring–neap cycle, because this variability may interact synergistically with varying rates of phytoplankton growth due to spatiotemporal changes in environmental conditions.
A 39-cm sediment core from Castle Lake, California (USA) spans the last ~ 450 years and was analyzed for diatoms and organic geochemistry (δ15N, δ13C, and C:N), with the goal of determining sensitivity to natural climate variation and twentieth century anthropogenic effects. Castle Lake is a subalpine, nitrogen-limited lake with ~ 5 months of annual ice cover. Human impacts include light recreational use, past fish stocking, and experimental use by the Castle Lake Research Station. The base of the core (below 32 cm; pre mid-1700s) represents the period of maximum ice cover. In contrast, the end of the Little Ice Age (mid 1700s–early 1800s) is dominated by cyclotelloids (mostly Discostella stelligera), indicating significant open-water periods, a condition that persisted into the early 1900s. Cyclotelloids began to decline in the 1960s and were replaced by the Fragilaria tenera grp. (peak in 1970s), succeeded by Asterionella formosa (peak ~ 2010), and accompanied by a reduction in δ15N values and a decrease in C:N that may represent increased atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Another anthropogenic signal was discerned in the core and was interpreted to be the result of an ammonium nitrate fertilization experiment of the epilimnion that was conducted in 1980 and 1981. This signal was manifested in the core largely by a negative excursion in δ15N, possibly caused by fractionation during denitrification in surface sediment. A phytoplankton monitoring dataset collected by the Castle Lake Research Station from 1967 to 1984 corroborates the timing of increased araphid euplanktonic species in the 1970s, and increases in two benthic diatoms (Staurosirella pinnata and Tabellaria fenestrata), entrained in the phytoplankton tows during the experimentation years. Both ice cover and nitrogen addition appear to be strong drivers that affected the lake diatoms, although additional drivers, such as fish stocking and associated cascade effects need further exploration. These data will be helpful for interpreting longer core records from Castle Lake, should the opportunity arise, as well as cores from similar systems in the region.
Genetic methods can guide and improve the management of recreational mixed-stock fisheries by informing stock-specific estimates of harvest. We applied genetic stock identification and parentage-based tagging to a recreational Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha fishery in the Columbia River to illustrate the value of genetic analysis in management. We sampled landed catch in 2017 and 2018, assigned the fish to genetic reporting groups, explored temporal trends in harvest composition within and between seasons, and assessed the accuracy and precision of genetic methods against estimates from conventional tagging methodology. The genetic stock identification and parentage-based tagging produced concordant stock assignments, and the harvest composition estimates were validated with independent data. High assignment rates, relative to expended sampling effort, and precise harvest composition estimates with adequate sample sizes demonstrate that both genetic methods can be complementary, effective tools in advancing harvest assessment and recreational fisheries management. The success of genetic stock identification and parentage-based tagging supports the expanded application of genetics to similar fisheries, potentially alongside existing or emerging assessment methods, and guides future improvements in data collection and analysis.
Recreation specialization is a framework that can be used to explain the variation among outdoor recreationists’ preferences, attitudes, and behaviors. Recreation specialization has been operationalized using several approaches, including summative indices, cluster analysis, and self-classification categorical measures. Although these approaches measure the multiple dimensions of the framework, they may not reflect the relative contribution of the dimensions to individuals’ degree of engagement. We illustrate an approach that uses second-order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) factor scores as weights to determine a person’s degree of recreation specialization and compares the CFA-based results to those derived from cluster analysis. This approach permits the use of a broader set of statistical tests when compared to categorical specialization measures and provides information about the distribution of responses. Data were collected from an online survey of eBird registrants from the United States.
In 2017 the rusty patched bumble bee (Bombus affinis) became the first bee listed under the Endangered Species Act in the continental United States due to population declines and an 87% reduction in the species’ distribution. Bombus affinis decline began in the 1990s, predating modern bee surveying initiatives, and obfuscating drivers of decline. While understood to be a highly generalist forager, little is known about the role that resource limitation or shifting floral community composition could have played in B. affinis decline. Determining which floral species support B. affinis could assist conservation efforts where B. affinis persists and identify floral species for restoration efforts. We constructed a historical foraging profile of B. affinis via DNA sequencing of pollen from museum specimens spanning seven states collected from 1913 to 2013. Molecular analysis revealed no temporal changes in the floral richness or composition of B. affinis pollen samples across our sampling period. Likewise, we found no temporal changes in the presence or proportion of native vs. introduced species in pollen samples, though we observed much greater use of introduced floral species than previously determined for B. affinis. Floral community composition was regionally dissimilar, inconsistent with patterns of B. affinis decline by state. Our results suggest B. affinis decline was unlikely to have been driven by spatial or temporal limitations of specific floral species. This work greatly expands the known forage of B. affinis and will provide managers with insight to aid the conservation of B. affinis.
Anglers face constraints that influence participation and dropout rates. Some recreational anglers may be able to negotiate constraints by altering the timing or frequency of participation, acquiring new skills, or modifying nonrecreational aspects such as family or work responsibilities. We consider data collected via a mail survey from Georgia-resident trout license holders to identify both perceived constraints and strategies used to negotiate them. To capture variation among anglers, survey responses were grouped by level of angler specialization using K-means cluster analysis, which resulted in a three-cluster solution of most, moderately, and least specialized anglers. Analyses of variance were used to detect potential differences among the three specialization clusters. Tests revealed that the least specialized anglers experienced constraints more intensely than the most or moderately specialized anglers. Likewise, least specialized anglers were less able to negotiate constraints when compared to the most or moderately specialized anglers. However, the least specialized anglers used negotiation strategies involving overcoming perceived lack of skill more intensely than their counterparts. The most intensely experienced constraints overall were lack of time due to work or family obligations and distance to Georgia’s trout waters from home. The most intensely used negotiation strategies overall were “learn to enjoy being outside and stress less about catching fish” and “encourage family or friends to go fishing with me.” This research benefits fishery managers by providing a method of identifying angling groups that perceive more constraints and are less likely to overcome these constraints through constraint negotiation strategies. With this information, managers may choose to tailor efforts towards reducing constraints for angling groups that have low participation and may drop out of the activity all together.
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J.","contributorId":276309,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"TenHarmsel","given":"H. J.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boley, B. B.","contributorId":276310,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boley","given":"B. B.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Irwin, Brian J. 0000-0002-0666-2641 bjirwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0666-2641","contributorId":4037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"Brian","email":"bjirwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jennings, Cecil A. 0000-0002-6159-6026 jennings@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6159-6026","contributorId":874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Cecil","email":"jennings@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70217679,"text":"70217679 - 2021 - Spectral inversion for seismic site response in central Oklahoma: Low-frequency resonances from the Great Unconformity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T14:23:24.955134","indexId":"70217679","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-10T07:30:27","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7571,"text":"Bulletin of Seismological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spectral inversion for seismic site response in central Oklahoma: Low-frequency resonances from the Great Unconformity","docAbstract":"We investigate seismic site response by inverting seismic ground‐motion spectra for site and source spectral properties, in a region of central Oklahoma, where previous ground‐motion studies have indicated discrepancies between observations and ground‐motion models (GMMs). The inversion is constrained by a source spectral model, which we computed from regional seismic records, using aftershocks as empirical Green’s functions to deconvolve site and path effects. Site spectra across the region exhibit multiple, strong, low‐frequency (f <2 Hz) resonances. Modeling of vertically propagating SH waves reproduces the mean amplitudes and frequencies of the site spectra and requires a deep (∼1–2 km) impedance contrast. Comparison of regional seismic velocity models and geologic profiles indicates that the seismic impedance contrast is, or is in proximity to, the Great Unconformity, which marks the interface between Precambrian basement rocks and overlying Paleozoic sedimentary rocks. Depth to Precambrian basement increases to the southwest across the study region (∼1500–4500 m), and the fundamental frequencies of the site spectra are anticorrelated with basement depth. The first higher‐mode resonance also exhibits dependence on basement depth; although modeling suggests that the second higher mode should depend on basement depth, site spectra do not support this. The low‐frequency resonances in central Oklahoma are not represented in the GMMs used in current seismic hazard analyses for tectonic earthquakes, though approaches to account for such features are under consideration in other regions of the central and eastern United States. Given the broad spatial extent of the Great Unconformity underlying eastern North America, it is likely that similar effects on seismic site response also occur in other areas. This study highlights the impact of regional geologic structure on earthquake ground motions and reiterates the need for modeling regional effects to improve ground‐motion predictions and seismic hazard assessments.
Geogenic arsenic (As) adversely affects drinking water quality in geologically diverse aquifers across the globe. Although the species of As significantly affects its fate, transport, toxicity, and As treatment technology efficacy, reported effectiveness of As species preservation methods varies widely with preservation methods and natural water geochemistry. Our study 1) evaluates the shelf life of As(III), As(V), dimethylarsinate (DMA), and monomethylarsonate (MMA) in standards prepared with ultrapure water; 2) establishes a hold time for these As species in low-iron (Fe) groundwater and surface water samples preserved with a concentration of EDTA that exceeded the sum of the molar concentrations of Al, Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, and Sr (molar excess of EDTA); and 3) evaluates As(III) species stability in groundwater samples with detectable SO4 and up to 6.5 mg/L Fe concentrations preserved in 3 ways: less than molar excess EDTA, molar excess EDTA, and Vacuette® tubes with an unknown (proprietary) amount of EDTA. Arsenic species standards prepared with 2.5 mM EDTA in ultrapure water and stored at 4 °C had a shelf life of at least 180 days. As(III) was stable for at least 15 days and DMA and MMA were stable for at least 90 days in environmental samples with Fe less than 1 mg/L that were preserved with a molar excess of EDTA and stored in opaque containers at 4 °C. As(III) species were not stable for any holding time in samples with Fe greater than 1 mg/L and detectable SO4 when preserved with a molar excess of EDTA and stored in white high density polyethylene bottles at room temperature, or when preserved by storage in EDTA containing Vacuette® tubes at 4 °C. For geochemical or water quality studies where the distribution of As(III) and As(V) is a critical factor, an understanding of the sample chemistry, rapid As speciation analysis after sample collection, and collecting a field spike with the sample can be helpful for collecting accurate inorganic As species data.
It is unknown how ungulate physiological responses to environmental perturbation influence overall population demographics. Moreover, neonatal physiological responses remain poorly studied despite the importance of neonatal survival to population growth. Glucocorticoid (GC) hormones potentially facilitate critical physiological and behavioral responses to environmental perturbations. However, elevated GC concentrations over time may compromise body condition and indirectly reduce survival. We evaluated baseline salivary cortisol (CORT; a primary GC in mammals) concentrations in 19 wild neonatal white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in a northern (NS) and southern (SS) area in Pennsylvania. After ranking survival models consisting of variables hypothesized to influence neonate survival (i.e. weight, sex), the probability of neonate survival was best explained by CORT concentrations, where elevated CORT concentrations were associated with reduced survival probability to 12 weeks of age. Cortisol concentrations were greater in the SS where predation rates and predator densities were lower. As the first evaluation of baseline CORT concentrations in an ungulate neonate to our knowledge, this is also the first study to demonstrate CORT concentrations are negatively associated with ungulate survival at any life stage. Glucocorticoid hormones could provide a framework in which to better understand susceptibility to mortality in neonatal white-tailed deer.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1749-4877.12499","usgsCitation":"Gingery, T.M., Diefenbach, D.R., Pritchard, C.E., Ensminger, D., Wallingford, B., and Rosenberry, C., 2021, Survival is negatively associated with glucocorticoids in a wild ungulate neonate: Integrative Zoology, v. 16, no. 2, p. 214-225, https://doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.12499.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"214","endPage":"225","ipdsId":"IP-118200","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395921,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-11-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gingery, Tess Michelle","contributorId":276204,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gingery","given":"Tess","email":"","middleInitial":"Michelle","affiliations":[{"id":36985,"text":"Penn State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diefenbach, Duane R. 0000-0001-5111-1147 drd11@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5111-1147","contributorId":5235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Duane","email":"drd11@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pritchard, Catharine E.","contributorId":276205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pritchard","given":"Catharine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36985,"text":"Penn State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ensminger, David C.","contributorId":276206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ensminger","given":"David C.","affiliations":[{"id":36985,"text":"Penn State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wallingford, Bret D.","contributorId":276207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wallingford","given":"Bret D.","affiliations":[{"id":12891,"text":"Pennsylvania Game Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rosenberry, Christopher S.","contributorId":276209,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Christopher S.","affiliations":[{"id":12891,"text":"Pennsylvania Game Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70228597,"text":"70228597 - 2021 - Clothianidin decomposition in Missouri wetland soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-14T17:58:00.120595","indexId":"70228597","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-09T11:55:04","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Clothianidin decomposition in Missouri wetland soils","docAbstract":"Neonicotinoid pesticides can persist in soils for extended time periods; however, they also have a high potential to contaminate ground and surface waters. Studies have reported negative effects associated with neonicotinoids and nontarget taxa, including aquatic invertebrates, pollinating insect species, and insectivorous birds. This study evaluated factors associated with clothianidin (CTN) degradation and sorption in Missouri wetland soils to assess the potential for wetland soils to mitigate potential environmental risks associated with neonicotinoids. Solid-to-solution partition coefficients (Kd) for CTN sorption to eight wetland soils were determined via single-point sorption experiments, and sorption isotherm experiments were conducted using the two most contrasting soils. Clothianidin degradation was determined under oxic and anoxic conditions over 60 d. Degradation data were fit to zero- and first-order kinetic decay models to determine CTN half-life (t0.5). Sorption results indicated CTN sorption to wetland soil was relatively weak (average Kd, 3.58 L kg–1); thus, CTN has the potential to be mobile and bioavailable within wetland soils. However, incubation results showed anoxic conditions significantly increased CTN degradation rates in wetland soils (anoxic average t0.5, 27.2 d; oxic average t0.5, 149.1 d). A significant negative correlation was observed between anoxic half-life values and soil organic C content (r2 = .782; p = .046). Greater CTN degradation rates in wetland soils under anoxic conditions suggest that managing wetlands to facilitate anoxic conditions could mitigate CTN presence in the environment and reduce exposure to nontarget organisms.
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N.","contributorId":276298,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lerch","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":56949,"text":"USDA-Agricultural Research Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Webb, Elisabeth B. 0000-0003-3851-6056 ewebb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3851-6056","contributorId":3981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Elisabeth","email":"ewebb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mengel, D.","contributorId":244519,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mengel","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16971,"text":"Missouri Department of Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70216472,"text":"70216472 - 2021 - Stress gradients interact with disturbance to reveal alternative states in salt marsh: Multivariate resilience at the landscape scale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-04T16:46:47.880285","indexId":"70216472","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-09T07:45:36","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stress gradients interact with disturbance to reveal alternative states in salt marsh: Multivariate resilience at the landscape scale","docAbstract":"Synthesis. Ultimately, we quantify the ball‐and‐cup conceptual model for a salt marsh ecosystem and its alternative state, mudflat. We find that increasing abiotic stress due to climate change diminishes ecosystem resilience, but the interaction with common episodic disturbances is necessary to reveal transitions to alternative states and quantify state change thresholds. Quantifying and mapping resilience and where alternative states may exist in this fashion improves ecologists’ ability to investigate the mechanisms of stress gradient control on emergent ecosystem properties, while providing spatially explicit resources for managing ecosystems according to their projected resilience.
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\"}}]}","volume":"109","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-11-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Scott 0000-0002-1056-3785","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1056-3785","contributorId":215602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stagg, Camille 0000-0002-1125-7253","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1125-7253","contributorId":222380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stagg","given":"Camille","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yando, Erik S.","contributorId":127788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yando","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7155,"text":"University of Louisiana at Lafayette","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":805231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"James, W. Ryan","contributorId":245037,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"James","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ryan","affiliations":[{"id":13722,"text":"University of Louisiana-Lafayette","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":805232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buffington, Kevin J. 0000-0001-9741-1241 kbuffington@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9741-1241","contributorId":4775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buffington","given":"Kevin","email":"kbuffington@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hester, Mark W.","contributorId":195572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hester","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":34316,"text":"University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":805234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70216485,"text":"70216485 - 2021 - Probabilistic patterns of inundation and biogeomorphic changes due to sea-level rise along the northeastern U.S. Atlantic coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-19T16:23:52.964451","indexId":"70216485","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-07T08:25:18","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Probabilistic patterns of inundation and biogeomorphic changes due to sea-level rise along the northeastern U.S. Atlantic coast","docAbstract":"Coastal landscapes evolve in response to sea-level rise (SLR) through a variety of geologic processes and ecological feedbacks. When the SLR rate surpasses the rate at which these processes build elevation and drive lateral migration, inundation is likely.
To examine the role of land cover diversity and composition in landscape response to SLR across the northeastern United States.
Using an existing probabilistic framework, we quantify the probability of inundation, a measure of vulnerability, under different SLR scenarios on the coastal landscape. Resistant areas—wherein a dynamic response is anticipated—are defined as unlikely (p < 0.33) to inundate. Results are assessed regionally for different land cover types and at 26 sites representing varying levels of land cover diversity.
Modeling results suggest that by the 2050s, 44% of low-lying, habitable land in the region is unlikely to inundate, further declining to 36% by the 2080s. In addition to a decrease in SLR resistance with time, these results show an increasing uncertainty that the coastal landscape will continue to evolve in response to SLR as it has in the past. We also find that resistance to SLR is correlated with land cover composition, wherein sites containing land cover types adaptable to SLR impacts show greater potential to undergo biogeomorphic state shifts rather than inundating with time.
Our findings support other studies that have highlighted the importance of ecological composition and diversity in stabilizing the physical landscape and suggest that flexible planning strategies, such as adaptive management, are particularly well suited for SLR preparation in diverse coastal settings.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10980-020-01136-z","usgsCitation":"Lentz, E.E., Zeigler, S.L., Thieler, E.R., and Plant, N.G., 2021, Probabilistic patterns of inundation and biogeomorphic changes due to sea-level rise along the northeastern U.S. Atlantic coast: Landscape Ecology, v. 36, p. 223-241, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-020-01136-z.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"241","ipdsId":"IP-101344","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454290,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-020-01136-z","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":380684,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -69.169921875,\n 44.10336537791152\n ],\n [\n -70.751953125,\n 44.26093725039923\n ],\n [\n -73.05908203125,\n 42.261049162113856\n ],\n [\n -76.7724609375,\n 39.639537564366684\n ],\n [\n -78.37646484375,\n 37.666429212090605\n ],\n [\n -77.71728515624999,\n 36.58024660149866\n ],\n [\n -75.34423828125,\n 36.43896124085945\n ],\n [\n -75.73974609375,\n 37.3002752813443\n ],\n [\n -74.0478515625,\n 39.977120098439634\n ],\n [\n -71.9384765625,\n 40.81380923056958\n ],\n [\n -69.80712890625,\n 41.178653972331674\n ],\n [\n -69.89501953125,\n 42.049292638686836\n ],\n [\n -70.64208984375,\n 42.8115217450979\n ],\n [\n -69.169921875,\n 44.10336537791152\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-11-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lentz, Erika E. 0000-0002-0621-8954 elentz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0621-8954","contributorId":173964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lentz","given":"Erika","email":"elentz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zeigler, Sara L. 0000-0002-5472-769X szeigler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5472-769X","contributorId":169601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeigler","given":"Sara","email":"szeigler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thieler, E. Robert 0000-0003-4311-9717 rthieler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":2488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.","email":"rthieler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel G. 0000-0002-5703-5672 nplant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":3503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nplant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70218686,"text":"70218686 - 2021 - Uncertainty in critical source area predictions from watershed-scale hydrologic models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-05T13:28:39.226167","indexId":"70218686","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-07T07:25:17","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uncertainty in critical source area predictions from watershed-scale hydrologic models","docAbstract":"Watershed-scale hydrologic models are frequently used to inform conservation and restoration efforts by identifying critical source areas (CSAs; alternatively 'hotspots'), defined as areas that export relatively greater quantities of nutrients and sediment. The CSAs can then be prioritized or ‘targeted’ for conservation and restoration to ensure efficient use of limited resources. However, CSA simulations from watershed-scale hydrologic models may be uncertain and it is critical that the extent and implications of this uncertainty be conveyed to stakeholders and decision makers. We used an ensemble of four independently developed Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) models and a SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) model to simulate CSA locations for flow, phosphorus, nitrogen, and sediment within the ~17,000-km2 Maumee River watershed at the HUC-12 scale. We then assessed uncertainty in CSA simulations determined as the variation in CSA locations across the models. Our application of an ensemble of models - differing with respect to inputs, structure, and parameterization - facilitated an improved accounting of CSA prediction uncertainty. We found that the models agreed on the location of a subset of CSAs, and that these locations may be targeted with relative confidence. However, models more often disagreed on CSA locations. On average, only 16%–46% of HUC-12 subwatersheds simulated as a CSA by one model were also simulated as a CSA by a different model. Our work shows that simulated CSA locations are highly uncertain and may vary substantially across models. Hence, while models may be useful in informing conservation and restoration planning, their application to identify CSA locations would benefit from comprehensive uncertainty analyses to avoid inefficient use of limited resources.
A number of statistical approaches have been developed to quantify the overall trend in river water quality, but most approaches are not intended for reporting separate trends for different flow conditions. We propose an approach called FN2Q, which is an extension of the flow-normalization (FN) procedure of the well-established WRTDS (“Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, and Season”) method. The FN2Q approach provides a daily time series of low-flow and high-flow FN flux estimates that represent the lower and upper half of daily riverflow observations that occurred on each calendar day across the period of record. These daily estimates can be summarized into any time period of interest (e.g., monthly, seasonal, or annual) for quantifying trends. The proposed approach is illustrated with an application to a record of total nitrogen concentration (632 samples) collected between 1985 and 2018 from the South Fork Shenandoah River at Front Royal, Virginia (USA). Results show that the overall FN flux of total nitrogen has declined in the period of 1985–2018, which is mainly attributable to FN flux decline in the low-flow class. Furthermore, the decline in the low-flow class was highly correlated with wastewater effluent loads, indicating that the upgrades of treatment technology at wastewater treatment facilities have likely led to water-quality improvement under low-flow conditions. The high-flow FN flux showed a spike around 2007, which was likely caused by increased delivery of particulate nitrogen associated with sediment transport. The case study demonstrates the utility of the FN2Q approach toward not only characterizing the changes in river water quality but also guiding the direction of additional analysis for capturing the underlying drivers. The FN2Q approach (and the published code) can easily be applied to widely available river monitoring records to quantify water-quality trends under different flow conditions to enhance understanding of river water-quality dynamics.
Plants vary in their hydrological and climatic niches. How these niche dimensions covary among closely related species can help identify co‐adaptations to hydrological and climatic factors, as well as predict biodiversity responses to environmental change.
Western United States.
Relationships between riparian dependence and climate niches of willows (Salix L.) were assessed, incorporating phylogenetics and functional traits to understand the adaptive nature of those relationships. The riparian dependence niche was estimated as the mean distance between georeferenced occurrence records and the nearest stream based on the National Hydrography Database. Results were compared to oaks (Quercus L.), a less riparian‐dependent clade, with the expectation of different niche relationships.
Willows generally occurred closer to streams than expected by chance, but riparian dependence varied substantially among species. Riparian dependence was positively correlated with mean annual temperature and diurnal temperature range niche, both indicators of atmospheric demand on evapotranspiration. Phylogenetic independent contrast correlations for these relationships were significant as well, and the high degree of niche convergence among species indicated evolutionarily labile co‐adaptations to riparian dependence and atmospheric demand. Plant height increased with mean annual temperature niche, and specific leaf area increased with residual variation in height, indicating underlying morphological correlates of niche variation. Oaks, on the other hand, exhibited no relationship between atmospheric demand and riparian dependence, and weaker niche relationships with riparian dependence overall.
These results support the assertion that hydric‐adapted, woody riparian plants compensate for increased atmospheric demand on transpiration with a reliable supply of water provided by riparian habitats and that this trade‐off may be unique from mesic–xeric woody plants. Conservation of warm‐adapted riparian trees and shrubs under increasing temperatures and atmospheric demand may necessitate reversal of groundwater depletion. Cool‐adapted species may be best conserved through maintenance or expansion of riparian buffers as they become more riparian obligate with warming.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13192","usgsCitation":"Butterfield, B.J., Palmquist, E.C., and Hultine, K.R., 2021, Regional coordination between riparian dependence and atmospheric demand in willows (Salix L.) of western North America: Diversity and Distributions, v. 27, no. 21, p. 377-388, https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13192.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"377","endPage":"388","ipdsId":"IP-116352","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13192","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382510,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Mexico, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.24609374999999,\n 32.54681317351514\n ],\n [\n -114.60937499999999,\n 32.62087018318113\n ],\n [\n -110.830078125,\n 31.353636941500987\n ],\n [\n -108.19335937499999,\n 31.57853542647338\n ],\n [\n -105.64453124999999,\n 27.994401411046148\n ],\n [\n -105.64453124999999,\n 26.03704188651584\n ],\n [\n -104.23828125,\n 25.085598897064752\n ],\n [\n -102.74414062499999,\n 27.839076094777816\n ],\n [\n -101.07421875,\n 25.085598897064752\n ],\n [\n -99.49218749999999,\n 22.268764039073968\n ],\n [\n -97.119140625,\n 26.03704188651584\n ],\n [\n -96.591796875,\n 28.69058765425071\n ],\n [\n -93.42773437499999,\n 29.6880527498568\n ],\n [\n -92.724609375,\n 38.34165619279595\n ],\n [\n -93.69140625,\n 42.293564192170095\n ],\n [\n -96.591796875,\n 46.558860303117164\n ],\n [\n -105.556640625,\n 51.069016659603896\n ],\n [\n -113.90625,\n 52.05249047600099\n ],\n [\n -118.740234375,\n 52.96187505907603\n ],\n [\n -119.091796875,\n 49.89463439573421\n ],\n [\n -122.16796875,\n 49.15296965617042\n ],\n [\n -124.98046874999999,\n 48.40003249610685\n ],\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 43.26120612479979\n ],\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 39.70718665682654\n ],\n [\n -121.37695312499999,\n 35.53222622770337\n ],\n [\n -117.24609374999999,\n 32.54681317351514\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-11-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butterfield, Bradley J. 0000-0003-0974-9811","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0974-9811","contributorId":167009,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butterfield","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24591,"text":"Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research and Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Palmquist, Emily C. 0000-0003-1069-2154 epalmquist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1069-2154","contributorId":5669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmquist","given":"Emily","email":"epalmquist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":801746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hultine, Kevin R. 0000-0001-9747-6037","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9747-6037","contributorId":23772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hultine","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":801747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70218644,"text":"70218644 - 2021 - Telemetry evaluation of carbon dioxide as a behavioral deterrent for invasive carps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-03T12:58:09.415186","indexId":"70218644","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-06T06:55:37","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Telemetry evaluation of carbon dioxide as a behavioral deterrent for invasive carps","docAbstract":"Carbon dioxide (CO2) mixed into water is being explored as a possible management strategy to deter the upstream movements of invasive carps through navigation locks and other migratory pinch-points. This study used two-dimensional acoustic telemetry to assess the effectiveness of dissolved CO2 as a chemosensory deterrent to two carp species in a large U-shaped pond. Free-swimming movements of telemetered bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) were documented 24 h before treatment and 24 h during treatments at 60, 121 and 213 mg/L CO2 (mean concentrations in pond water). Several behavioral endpoints were then quantified and compared to evaluate deterrence efficacy. In general, results showed that both carp species responded similarly to CO2 treatments. Carps consistently relocated into areas away from the injection site and made fewer attempts to re-enter CO2 treated areas. On average, CO2 treatments reduced mid-line crosses between untreated and treated sides of the pond by 58% at 121 mg/L CO2 and 78% at 213 mg/L CO2 relative to normal swimming movements recorded before treatment. Fish swim speeds increased significantly when inside the CO2 plume during treatments during 213 mg/L CO2 trials relative to swim speeds outside the plume, possibly indicative of active searching and avoidance responses. Overall, this study found that CO2 altered the behavior of bighead carp and grass carp. Natural resource agencies could consider the CO2 concentrations identified in this study to inform future applications to deter invasive carps from locations where they are at-risk to move upstream.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2020.10.004","usgsCitation":"Cupp, A.R., Lopez, A.K., Smerud, J.R., Tix, J., Rivera, J., Swyers, N.M., Brey, M.K., Woodley, C.M., Smith, D.L., and Gaikowski, M., 2021, Telemetry evaluation of carbon dioxide as a behavioral deterrent for invasive carps: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 47, no. 1, p. 59-68, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2020.10.004.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"68","ipdsId":"IP-113141","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436647,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9QBSCIE","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Acoustic telemetry evaluation of carbon dioxide as a behavioral deterrent for invasive fishes data"},{"id":383738,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cupp, Aaron R. 0000-0001-5995-2100 acupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5995-2100","contributorId":5162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cupp","given":"Aaron","email":"acupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":811239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lopez, Ashley K 0000-0002-7676-4803 aelopez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7676-4803","contributorId":253119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lopez","given":"Ashley","email":"aelopez@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K","affiliations":[{"id":50484,"text":"ERDC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":811240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smerud, Justin R. 0000-0003-4385-7437 jrsmerud@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4385-7437","contributorId":5031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smerud","given":"Justin","email":"jrsmerud@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":811241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tix, John A.","contributorId":126766,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tix","given":"John A.","affiliations":[{"id":6602,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center, Hammond Bay Biological Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":811242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rivera, Jose 0000-0003-3756-6860 jrivera@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3756-6860","contributorId":201064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rivera","given":"Jose","email":"jrivera@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":811243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Swyers, Nicholas M. nswyers@usgs.gov","contributorId":253120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swyers","given":"Nicholas","email":"nswyers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":811244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brey, Marybeth K. 0000-0003-4403-9655 mbrey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4403-9655","contributorId":187651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brey","given":"Marybeth","email":"mbrey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":811245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Woodley, Christa M.","contributorId":253121,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodley","given":"Christa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":18947,"text":"USACE ERDC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":811246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Smith, David L.","contributorId":192711,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":811247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Gaikowski, Mark P. 0000-0002-6507-9341 mgaikowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6507-9341","contributorId":149357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaikowski","given":"Mark P.","email":"mgaikowski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":811248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70216788,"text":"70216788 - 2021 - Nowhere to hide: The importance of instream cover for stream‐living Coastal Cutthroat Trout during seasonal low flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-19T20:30:11.555251","indexId":"70216788","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-05T09:03:09","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1471,"text":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nowhere to hide: The importance of instream cover for stream‐living Coastal Cutthroat Trout during seasonal low flow","docAbstract":"Through their multiple functions, refuges may be important for stream‐living fishes, particularly during stressful events such as seasonal low flow or drought. Coastal Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii is an ideal study organism to understand the importance of refuge. During seasonal low flow, lower water levels limit access to refuge and emigration, survival of fish is low, and predation risk is high. Under these conditions, we studied patterns of cover use from field observations and tested predictions from multiple hypotheses about cover use in a semi‐natural experiment. Boulders were the main cover selected by trout in natural streams. Trout disproportionately used cover near deeper water, and they selected larger‐sized cover in shallower water. Trout showed plasticity to switch among behaviours, concealing under cover and emigrating as first options, followed by grouping, and then habitat shifting. Lack of feeding and growth suggested that perceived threat of predation was a more important driver of behaviour than foraging. Emigration was also linked to cover, with higher levels of emigration associated with less cover availability, revealing a potential link between refuge and demography through emigration. Except for feeding, the intensity of alternative behaviours can increase or decrease depending on refuge availability. Collectively, findings of this work indicate that cover can be considered a critical limiting resource along with other fundamental resources of food and space for stream‐living fish.
Time series of water‐year runoff for 2,109 hydrologic units (HUs) across the conterminous United States (CONUS) for the 1900 through 2014 period were used to identify drought and pluvial (i.e., wet) periods. Characteristics of the drought and pluvial events including frequency, duration, and severity were examined and compared. Additionally, a similar analysis was performed using gridded tree‐ring reconstructions of the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) for the period 1475 through 2005 to place the drought and pluvial characteristics determined using water‐year runoff for 1900 through 2014 in the context of multi‐century climate variability. The temporal and spatial variability of droughts and pluvials determined using runoff for the 1900 through 2014 period indicated that most drought events in the CONUS occurred before about 1970, whereas most pluvial periods occurred after about 1970. This change in the frequencies of drought and pluvial events around 1970 was largely related to an increase in fall (October through December) precipitation across much of the central United States. Also, the duration and severity of droughts and pluvials identified using runoff for the 1900 through 2014 period generally were not significantly different from the drought and pluvial characteristics identified using the PDSI for the 1475 through 2005 period.
A hydrogeochemical study using high resolution ICP-MS was undertaken at the Taurus and other porphyry Cu-Mo(-Au) occurrences and Ag-Au-Cu (+/- Pb, Zn) occurrences with epithermal-style characteristics in the Yukon-Tanana upland region of eastern Alaska. Surface water samples were collected from 30 sites on creeks that drain known deposits and occurrences and surrounding presumably unmineralized areas. Water samples for the entire ∼9 km length of McCord Creek, which drains the Taurus deposit, and those from streams draining the areas at and near the Bluff and Dennison porphyry occurrences have high conductivity values (492 to 1250 μS/cm) and consistently high concentrations of B (3-250 μg/L), Co (2.3 to 42 μg/L), Mn (339 to 4750 μg/L), Re (0.012 to 0.1 μg/L), and SO42- (>200 mg/L), all of which are well above the median value for this data set and significantly greater than concentrations in water samples from the unmineralized areas. These are the best pathfinder elements specifically for porphyry style deposits because most of them are not anomalous in waters near epithermal occurrences. Copper concentrations are high (up to 115 μg/L) in some low-pH water samples from McCord Creek and drainages around Bluff, and a few near neutral pH waters have high molybdenum (>1 μg/L), but neither element is consistently anomalous in close vicinity to the porphyry occurrences, possibly due to a metal-poor, sulfide-poor leached cap (average of ∼50 m) that overlies supergene and hypogene mineralized zones and is the dominant rock at surface. High concentrations of Bi and/or As occur in many waters associated with mineralized areas, particularly the Bluff and Dennison occurrences. In general, the element associations related to porphyry deposits reflect the deposit mineralogy, as well as size of the footprint related to alteration and mineralization.
Changing environments of temperature, precipitation and moisture availability can affect vegetation in ecosystems, by affecting regeneration from the seed bank. Our objective was to explore the responses of soil seed bank germination to climate-related environments along geographic gradients. We collected seed banks in baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) swamps along the Mississippi River and the Gulf of Mexico Coast in the United States, which have distinct temperature and/or precipitation gradients, and germinated them in a greenhouse. The frequency, richness and seed density of species germinated from the seed bank were compared between various geographic locations, experimental water regimes (saturated, flooded) and wetland types (tidal, non-tidal and inland swamps). We also analyzed the relationship of seed density to the environment by using a Non-metric Multi-dimensional Scaling (NMDS) model. Sixty-one species germinated from the seed bank, differing in pattern by geographic location, experimental water regime and wetland type. The foundation species (i.e., T. distichum and Cephalanthus occidentalis) germinated with a niche affinity for the northern part of the latitudinal gradient (Tennessee and Illinois) and these species may shift northward with climate change. Some species had higher seed density in the locations that were subject to more persistent drought conditions (e.g., Texas) including Cyperus rotundus and Gratiola virginiana, indicating that these species may be better adapted to sites with high temperature and low precipitation. In contrast, certain species including Saururus cernuus and Ludwigia palustris were present throughout the range of these gradients, and so may be more resilient to any future climate shifts. We found that the regeneration potential of baldcypress swamps might be altered by changes in local and climate environment because of nuances of responses of seed banks to climates along latitudinal and longitudinal gradients. Our study can help predict vegetation regeneration potential to climate change environments depending on the ability of these species to disperse and maintain seed banks.
Microbial skin assemblages, including fungal communities, can influence host resistance to infectious diseases. The diversity-invasibility hypothesis predicts that high-diversity communities are less easily invaded than species-poor communities, and thus diverse microbial communities may prevent pathogens from colonizing a host. To explore the hypothesis that host fungal communities mediate resistance to infection by fungal pathogens, we investigated characteristics of bat skin fungal communities as they relate to susceptibility to the emerging disease white-nose syndrome (WNS). Using a culture-based approach, we compared skin fungal assemblage characteristics of 10 bat species that differ in susceptibility to WNS across 10 eastern U.S. states. The fungal assemblages on WNS-susceptible bat species had significantly lower alpha diversity and abundance compared to WNS-resistant species. Overall fungal assemblage structure did not vary based on WNS-susceptibility, but several yeast species were differentially abundant on WNS-resistant bat species. One yeast species inhibited Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd), the causative agent on WNS, in vitro under certain conditions, suggesting a possible role in host protection. Further exploration of interactions between Pd and constituents of skin fungal assemblages may prove useful for predicting susceptibility of bat populations to WNS and for developing effective mitigation strategies.