Reliable estimates of the magnitude and frequency of floods are essential for the design of transportation and water-conveyance structures, flood-insurance studies, and flood-plain management. Such estimates are particularly important in densely populated urban areas. In order to increase the number of streamflow-gaging stations (streamgages) available for analysis, expand the geographical coverage that would allow for application of regional regression equations across State boundaries, and build on a previous flood-frequency investigation of rural U.S Geological Survey streamgages in the Southeast United States, a multistate approach was used to update methods for determining the magnitude and frequency of floods in urban and small, rural streams that are not substantially affected by regulation or tidal fluctuations in Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina. The at-site flood-frequency analysis of annual peak-flow data for urban and small, rural streams (through September 30, 2011) included 116 urban streamgages and 32 small, rural streamgages, defined in this report as basins draining less than 1 square mile. The regional regression analysis included annual peak-flow data from an additional 338 rural streamgages previously included in U.S. Geological Survey flood-frequency reports and 2 additional rural streamgages in North Carolina that were not included in the previous Southeast rural flood-frequency investigation for a total of 488 streamgages included in the urban and small, rural regression analysis. The at-site flood-frequency analyses for the urban and small, rural streamgages included the expected moments algorithm, which is a modification of the Bulletin 17B log-Pearson type III method for fitting the statistical distribution to the logarithms of the annual peak flows. Where applicable, the flood-frequency analysis also included low-outlier and historic information. Additionally, the application of a generalized Grubbs-Becks test allowed for the detection of multiple potentially influential low outliers.
\nStreamgage basin characteristics were determined using geographical information system techniques. Initial ordinary least squares regression simulations reduced the number of basin characteristics on the basis of such factors as statistical significance, coefficient of determination, Mallow’s Cp statistic, and ease of measurement of the explanatory variable. Application of generalized least squares regression techniques produced final predictive (regression) equations for estimating the 50-, 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, 0.5-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability flows for urban and small, rural ungaged basins for three hydrologic regions (HR1, Piedmont–Ridge and Valley; HR3, Sand Hills; and HR4, Coastal Plain), which previously had been defined from exploratory regression analysis in the Southeast rural flood-frequency investigation. Because of the limited availability of urban streamgages in the Coastal Plain of Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina, additional urban streamgages in Florida and New Jersey were used in the regression analysis for this region. Including the urban streamgages in New Jersey allowed for the expansion of the applicability of the predictive equations in the Coastal Plain from 3.5 to 53.5 square miles. Average standard error of prediction for the predictive equations, which is a measure of the average accuracy of the regression equations when predicting flood estimates for ungaged sites, range from 25.0 percent for the 10-percent annual exceedance probability regression equation for the Piedmont–Ridge and Valley region to 73.3 percent for the 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability regression equation for the Sand Hills region.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145030","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation, Office of Materials and Research, and the North Carolina Department of Transportation, Division of Highways (Hydraulics Unit)","usgsCitation":"Feaster, T., Gotvald, A.J., and Weaver, J., 2014, Methods for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods for urban and small, rural streams in Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina, 2011 (First posted March 19, 2014; Revised March 26, 2014, ver. 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5030, Report: vii, 104 p.; Application-of-Methods-Tool, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145030.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 104 p.; Application-of-Methods-Tool","numberOfPages":"116","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051253","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284263,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145030.jpg"},{"id":284261,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5030/pdf/sir2014-5030.pdf"},{"id":284260,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5030/"},{"id":284262,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5030/sir2014-5030_applications_tool-ver1.1.xlsx"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -86.04,29.95 ], [ -86.04,38.01 ], [ -74.69,38.01 ], [ -74.69,29.95 ], [ -86.04,29.95 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"First posted March 19, 2014; Revised March 26, 2014, ver. 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517055e4b05569d805a32a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feaster, Toby D. 0000-0002-5626-5011 tfeaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5626-5011","contributorId":1109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feaster","given":"Toby D.","email":"tfeaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gotvald, Anthony J. 0000-0002-9019-750X agotvald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9019-750X","contributorId":1970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gotvald","given":"Anthony","email":"agotvald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weaver, J. Curtis","contributorId":42260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"J. Curtis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70094629,"text":"ds826 - 2014 - Topographic data of selected areas along the Alabama River near Montgomery, Alabama, collected using mobile terrestrial light detection and ranging (T-LiDAR) technology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-19T12:54:35","indexId":"ds826","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-19T12:47:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"826","title":"Topographic data of selected areas along the Alabama River near Montgomery, Alabama, collected using mobile terrestrial light detection and ranging (T-LiDAR) technology","docAbstract":"Topographic data at selected areas within the Alabama River flood plain near Montgomery, Alabama, were collected using a truck-mounted mobile terrestrial light detection and ranging system. These data were collected for inclusion in a flood inundation model developed by the National Weather Service in Birmingham, Alabama. Data are presented as ArcGIS point shapefiles with the extension .shp.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds826","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Weather Service Forecast Office, Birmingham, Alabama","usgsCitation":"Kimbrow, D., 2014, Topographic data of selected areas along the Alabama River near Montgomery, Alabama, collected using mobile terrestrial light detection and ranging (T-LiDAR) technology: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 826, HTML Document; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds826.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051220","costCenters":[{"id":105,"text":"Alabama Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284234,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds826.jpg"},{"id":284233,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0826/Downloads"},{"id":284231,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0826/"},{"id":284235,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0826/title_page.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","city":"Montgomery","otherGeospatial":"Alabama River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -86.419,32.249 ], [ -86.419,32.437 ], [ -86.072,32.437 ], [ -86.072,32.249 ], [ -86.419,32.249 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7929e4b0b2908510ca51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimbrow, D.R.","contributorId":25702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimbrow","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70093735,"text":"sir20145027 - 2014 - Evaluation of quality-control data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey for routine water-quality activities at the Idaho National Laboratory and vicinity, southeastern Idaho, 2002-08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-19T11:55:03","indexId":"sir20145027","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-19T11:26:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5027","title":"Evaluation of quality-control data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey for routine water-quality activities at the Idaho National Laboratory and vicinity, southeastern Idaho, 2002-08","docAbstract":"Quality-control (QC) samples were collected from 2002 through 2008 by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, to ensure data robustness by documenting the variability and bias of water-quality data collected at surface-water and groundwater sites at and near the Idaho National Laboratory. QC samples consisted of 139 replicates and 22 blanks (approximately 11 percent of the number of environmental samples collected). Measurements from replicates were used to estimate variability (from field and laboratory procedures and sample heterogeneity), as reproducibility and reliability, of water-quality measurements of radiochemical, inorganic, and organic constituents. Measurements from blanks were used to estimate the potential contamination bias of selected radiochemical and inorganic constituents in water-quality samples, with an emphasis on identifying any cross contamination of samples collected with portable sampling equipment.
\n\nThe reproducibility of water-quality measurements was estimated with calculations of normalized absolute difference for radiochemical constituents and relative standard deviation (RSD) for inorganic and organic constituents. The reliability of water-quality measurements was estimated with pooled RSDs for all constituents. Reproducibility was acceptable for all constituents except dissolved aluminum and total organic carbon. Pooled RSDs were equal to or less than 14 percent for all constituents except for total organic carbon, which had pooled RSDs of 70 percent for the low concentration range and 4.4 percent for the high concentration range.
\n\nSource-solution and equipment blanks were measured for concentrations of tritium, strontium-90, cesium-137, sodium, chloride, sulfate, and dissolved chromium. Field blanks were measured for the concentration of iodide. No detectable concentrations were measured from the blanks except for strontium-90 in one source solution and one equipment blank collected in September and October 2004, respectively. The detectable concentrations of strontium-90 in the blanks probably were from a small source of strontium-90 contamination or large measurement variability, or both.
\n\nOrder statistics and the binomial probability distribution were used to estimate the magnitude and extent of any potential contamination bias of tritium, strontium-90, cesium-137, sodium, chloride, sulfate, dissolved chromium, and iodide in water-quality samples. These statistical methods indicated that, with (1) 87 percent confidence, contamination bias of cesium-137 and sodium in 60 percent of water-quality samples was less than the minimum detectable concentration or reporting level; (2) 92‒94 percent confidence, contamination bias of tritium, strontium-90, chloride, sulfate, and dissolved chromium in 70 percent of water-quality samples was less than the minimum detectable concentration or reporting level; and (3) 75 percent confidence, contamination bias of iodide in 50 percent of water-quality samples was less than the reporting level for iodide. These results support the conclusion that contamination bias of water-quality samples from sample processing, storage, shipping, and analysis was insignificant and that cross-contamination of perched groundwater samples collected with bailers during 2002–08 was insignificant.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145027","collaboration":"DOE/ID-22228; Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Rattray, G.W., 2014, Evaluation of quality-control data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey for routine water-quality activities at the Idaho National Laboratory and vicinity, southeastern Idaho, 2002-08: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5027, vi, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145027.","productDescription":"vi, 66 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049768","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284212,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145027.jpg"},{"id":284211,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5027/pdf/sir20145027.pdf"},{"id":284210,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5027/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Idaho National Laboratory And Vicinity","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.75,43.25 ], [ -113.75,44.25 ], [ -112.25,44.25 ], [ -112.25,43.25 ], [ -113.75,43.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5870e4b0b290850f8176","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rattray, Gordon W. 0000-0002-1690-3218 grattray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1690-3218","contributorId":2521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattray","given":"Gordon","email":"grattray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70095731,"text":"ofr20141044 - 2014 - Progress report: baseline monitoring of indicator species (butterflies) at tallgrass prairie restorations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-19T11:39:33","indexId":"ofr20141044","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-19T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1044","title":"Progress report: baseline monitoring of indicator species (butterflies) at tallgrass prairie restorations","docAbstract":"This project provides baseline data of butterfly populations at two coastal prairie restoration sites in Louisiana, the Duralde Unit of Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge (hereafter, the Duralde site) and the Cajun Prairie Restoration Project in Eunice (hereafter, the Eunice site). In all, four distinct habitat types representing different planting methods were sampled. These data will be used to assess biodiversity and health of native grasslands and also provide a basis for adaptive management.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141044","usgsCitation":"Allain, L., and Vidrine, M., 2014, Progress report: baseline monitoring of indicator species (butterflies) at tallgrass prairie restorations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1044, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141044.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-053391","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284203,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141044.PNG"},{"id":284196,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1044/"},{"id":284197,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1044/ofr2014-1044.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Cajun Prairie Restoration Project;Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.963,29.912 ], [ -92.963,30.506 ], [ -92.384,30.506 ], [ -92.384,29.912 ], [ -92.963,29.912 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6e5de4b0b29085105bc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allain, Larry 0000-0002-7717-9761","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7717-9761","contributorId":63108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allain","given":"Larry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vidrine, Malcolm","contributorId":79015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidrine","given":"Malcolm","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70133181,"text":"70133181 - 2014 - Comparative population structure of cavity-nesting sea ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-14T13:45:18","indexId":"70133181","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative population structure of cavity-nesting sea ducks","docAbstract":"A growing collection of mtDNA genetic information from waterfowl species across North America suggests that larger-bodied cavity-nesting species exhibit greater levels of population differentiation than smaller-bodied congeners. Although little is known about nest-cavity availability for these species, one hypothesis to explain differences in population structure is reduced dispersal tendency of larger-bodied cavity-nesting species due to limited abundance of large cavities. To investigate this hypothesis, we examined population structure of three cavity-nesting waterfowl species distributed across much of North America: Barrow's Goldeneye (Bucephala islandica), Common Goldeneye (B. clangula), and Bufflehead (B. albeola). We compared patterns of population structure using both variation in mtDNA control-region sequences and band-recovery data for the same species and geographic regions. Results were highly congruent between data types, showing structured population patterns for Barrow's and Common Goldeneye but not for Bufflehead. Consistent with our prediction, the smallest cavity-nesting species, the Bufflehead, exhibited the lowest level of population differentiation due to increased dispersal and gene flow. Results provide evidence for discrete Old and New World populations of Common Goldeneye and for differentiation of regional groups of both goldeneye species in Alaska, the Pacific Northwest, and the eastern coast of North America. Results presented here will aid management objectives that require an understanding of population delineation and migratory connectivity between breeding and wintering areas. Comparative studies such as this one highlight factors that may drive patterns of genetic diversity and population trends.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/AUK-13-071.1","usgsCitation":"Pearce, J.M., Eadie, J.M., Savard, J.L., Christensen, T.K., Berdeen, J., Taylor, E., Boyd, S., and Einarsson, A., 2014, Comparative population structure of cavity-nesting sea ducks: The Auk, v. 131, no. 2, p. 195-207, https://doi.org/10.1642/AUK-13-071.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"207","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049100","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473102,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/auk-13-071.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296071,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"131","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5465d630e4b04d4b7dbd6594","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":524849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eadie, John M.","contributorId":34067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eadie","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6961,"text":"Department of Wildlife, Fish & Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Savard, Jean-Pierre L.","contributorId":101776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savard","given":"Jean-Pierre","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6962,"text":"Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Christensen, Thomas K.","contributorId":69381,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":6963,"text":"Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Berdeen, James","contributorId":54319,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berdeen","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6964,"text":"Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Taylor, Eric J.","contributorId":41966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Eric J.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Boyd, Sean","contributorId":76672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyd","given":"Sean","affiliations":[{"id":6962,"text":"Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Einarsson, Arni","contributorId":127434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Einarsson","given":"Arni","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6965,"text":"Mývatn Research Station and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70094151,"text":"sir20145028 - 2014 - Surface-water and karst groundwater interactions and streamflow-response simulations of the karst-influenced upper Lost River watershed, Orange County, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-07T09:53:30","indexId":"sir20145028","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-18T14:43:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5028","title":"Surface-water and karst groundwater interactions and streamflow-response simulations of the karst-influenced upper Lost River watershed, Orange County, Indiana","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and the Indiana Office of Community and Rural Affairs (OCRA), conducted a study of the upper Lost River watershed in Orange County, Indiana, from 2012 to 2013. Streamflow and groundwater data were collected at 10 data-collection sites from at least October 2012 until April 2013, and a preliminary Water Availability Tool for Environmental Resources (WATER)-TOPMODEL based hydrologic model was created to increase understanding of the complex, karstic hydraulic and hydrologic system present in the upper Lost River watershed, Orange County, Ind. Statistical assessment of the optimized hydrologic-model results were promising and returned correlation coefficients for simulated and measured stream discharge of 0.58 and 0.60 and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency values of 0.56 and 0.39 for USGS streamflow-gaging stations 03373530 (Lost River near Leipsic, Ind.), and 03373560 (Lost River near Prospect, Ind.), respectively. Additional information to refine drainage divides is needed before applying the model to the entire karst region of south-central Indiana. Surface-water and groundwater data were used to tentatively quantify the complex hydrologic processes taking place within the watershed and provide increased understanding for future modeling and management applications. The data indicate that during wet-weather periods and after certain intense storms, the hydraulic capacity of swallow holes and subsurface conduits is overwhelmed with excess water that flows onto the surface in dry-bed relic stream channels and karst paleovalleys. Analysis of discharge data collected at USGS streamflow-gaging station 03373550 (Orangeville Rise, at Orangeville, Ind.), and other ancillary data-collection sites in the watershed, indicate that a bounding condition is likely present, and drainage from the underlying karst conduit system is potentially limited to near 200 cubic feet per second. This information will direct future studies and assist managers in understanding when the subsurface conduits may become overwhelmed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145028","issn":"2328-0328","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Indiana Office of Community and Rural Affairs (OCRA)","usgsCitation":"Bayless, E.R., Cinotto, P.J., Ulery, R.L., Taylor, C.J., McCombs, G.K., Kim, M.H., and Nelson, H.L., 2014, Surface-water and karst groundwater interactions and streamflow-response simulations of the karst-influenced upper Lost River watershed, Orange County, Indiana (Originally posted March 18, 2014; Revised April 7, 2014): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5028, viii, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145028.","productDescription":"viii, 39 p.","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-040755","costCenters":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284186,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145028.jpg"},{"id":284185,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5028/pdf/sir2014-5028.pdf"},{"id":284184,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5028/"}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Orange County","otherGeospatial":"Upper Lost River Watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -86.66,38.416 ], [ -86.66,38.766 ], [ -86.166,38.766 ], [ -86.166,38.416 ], [ -86.66,38.416 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Originally posted March 18, 2014; Revised April 7, 2014","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517065e4b05569d805a3d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bayless, E. 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Ecological theory predicts these changes should be strongly counteractive: nutrient addition drives plant species loss through intensified competition for light, whereas herbivores prevent competitive exclusion by increasing ground-level light, particularly in productive systems. Here we use experimental data spanning a globally relevant range of conditions to test the hypothesis that herbaceous plant species losses caused by eutrophication may be offset by increased light availability due to herbivory. This experiment, replicated in 40 grasslands on 6 continents, demonstrates that nutrients and herbivores can serve as counteracting forces to control local plant diversity through light limitation, independent of site productivity, soil nitrogen, herbivore type and climate. Nutrient addition consistently reduced local diversity through light limitation, and herbivory rescued diversity at sites where it alleviated light limitation. Thus, species loss from anthropogenic eutrophication can be ameliorated in grasslands where herbivory increases ground-level light.","language":"English","publisher":"Macmillan Journals Ltd.","doi":"10.1038/nature13144","usgsCitation":"Borer, E.T., Seabloom, E.W., Gruner, D., Harpole, W., Hillebrand, H., Lind, E.M., Alder, P.B., Alberti, J., Anderson, T., Bakker, J.D., Biederman, L., Blumenthal, D., Brown, C.S., Brudvig, L.A., Buckley, Y.M., Cadotte, M., Chu, C., Cleland, E., Crawley, M.J., Daleo, P., Damschen, E.I., Davies, K.F., DeCrappeo, N.M., Du, G., Firn, J., Hautier, Y., Heckman, R.W., Hector, A., HilleRisLambers, J., Iribarne, O., Klein, J.A., Knops, J.M., La Pierre, K.J., Leakey, A.D., Li, W., MacDougall, A.S., McCulley, R.L., Melbourne, B.A., Mitchell, C., Moore, J.L., Mortensen, B., O’Halloran, L.R., Orrock, J., Pascual, J., Prober, S.M., Pyke, D.A., Risch, A., Schuetz, M., Smith, M., Stevens, C.J., Sullivan, L.L., Williams, R.J., Wragg, P.D., Wright, J.P., and Yang, L.H., 2014, Herbivores and nutrients control grassland plant diversity via light limitation: Nature, v. 508, p. 517-520, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13144.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"517","endPage":"520","numberOfPages":"4","ipdsId":"IP-051743","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473104,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://ir.lzu.edu.cn/handle/262010/115444","text":"External Repository"},{"id":284084,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature13144"},{"id":284096,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-90.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"508","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517046e4b05569d805a24d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borer, Elizabeth T.","contributorId":45049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borer","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":491592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seabloom, Eric W.","contributorId":60762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seabloom","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":491599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gruner, Daniel S.","contributorId":80561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gruner","given":"Daniel S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harpole, W. 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D.","contributorId":24082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wragg","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":53},{"text":"Wright, Justin P.","contributorId":98455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":54},{"text":"Yang, Louie H.","contributorId":59172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Louie","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":55}]}} ,{"id":70098139,"text":"70098139 - 2014 - Modeling marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) habitat using LiDAR-derived canopy data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T19:41:45.20453","indexId":"70098139","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-17T15:06:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Modeling marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) habitat using LiDAR-derived canopy data","title":"Modeling marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) habitat using LiDAR-derived canopy data","docAbstract":"LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) is an emerging remote-sensing tool that can provide fine-scale data describing vertical complexity of vegetation relevant to species that are responsive to forest structure. We used LiDAR data to estimate occupancy probability for the federally threatened marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) in the Oregon Coast Range of the United States. Our goal was to address the need identified in the Recovery Plan for a more accurate estimate of the availability of nesting habitat by developing occupancy maps based on refined measures of nest-strand structure. We used murrelet occupancy data collected by the Bureau of Land Management Coos Bay District, and canopy metrics calculated from discrete return airborne LiDAR data, to fit a logistic regression model predicting the probability of occupancy. Our final model for stand-level occupancy included distance to coast, and 5 LiDAR-derived variables describing canopy structure. With an area under the curve value (AUC) of 0.74, this model had acceptable discrimination and fair agreement (Cohen's κ = 0.24), especially considering that all sites in our sample were regarded by managers as potential habitat. The LiDAR model provided better discrimination between occupied and unoccupied sites than did a model using variables derived from Gradient Nearest Neighbor maps that were previously reported as important predictors of murrelet occupancy (AUC = 0.64, κ = 0.12). We also evaluated LiDAR metrics at 11 known murrelet nest sites. Two LiDAR-derived variables accurately discriminated nest sites from random sites (average AUC = 0.91). LiDAR provided a means of quantifying 3-dimensional canopy structure with variables that are ecologically relevant to murrelet nesting habitat, and have not been as accurately quantified by other mensuration methods.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/wsb.407","usgsCitation":"Hagar, J.C., Eskelson, B., Haggerty, P., Nelson, S.K., and Vesely, D.G., 2014, Modeling marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) habitat using LiDAR-derived canopy data: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 38, no. 2, p. 237-249, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.407.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"249","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-050749","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499898,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/fa328953e7c44ef8b47dae994fe72d41","text":"External Repository"},{"id":438769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ONYT0B","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Forest stands and LiDAR derived model estimates of marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) occupancy in the Coos Bay BLM District, Southwestern Oregon"},{"id":438768,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9472SZW","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Estimated Probabilities from Lidar Models for Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) Occupancy in Forest Vegetation Stands in the Siuslaw National Forest, Oregon"},{"id":284094,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Oregon Coast Range","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125.2222,41.7795 ], [ -125.2222,44.0718 ], [ -123.0908,44.0718 ], [ -123.0908,41.7795 ], [ -125.2222,41.7795 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517055e4b05569d805a333","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hagar, Joan C. 0000-0002-3044-6607 joan_hagar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-6607","contributorId":57034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagar","given":"Joan","email":"joan_hagar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eskelson, Bianca","contributorId":7556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eskelson","given":"Bianca","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haggerty, Patricia K.","contributorId":50815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haggerty","given":"Patricia K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, S. Kim","contributorId":86680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kim","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":491632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vesely, David G.","contributorId":41328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vesely","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70055555,"text":"tm4A9 - 2014 - HydroClimATe: hydrologic and climatic analysis toolkit","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:21:11","indexId":"tm4A9","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-17T14:53:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"4-A9","title":"HydroClimATe: hydrologic and climatic analysis toolkit","docAbstract":"The potential consequences of climate variability and climate change have been identified as major issues for the sustainability and availability of the worldwide water resources. Unlike global climate change, climate variability represents deviations from the long-term state of the climate over periods of a few years to several decades. Currently, rich hydrologic time-series data are available, but the combination of data preparation and statistical methods developed by the U.S. Geological Survey as part of the Groundwater Resources Program is relatively unavailable to hydrologists and engineers who could benefit from estimates of climate variability and its effects on periodic recharge and water-resource availability. This report documents HydroClimATe, a computer program for assessing the relations between variable climatic and hydrologic time-series data. HydroClimATe was developed for a Windows operating system. The software includes statistical tools for (1) time-series preprocessing, (2) spectral analysis, (3) spatial and temporal analysis, (4) correlation analysis, and (5) projections. The time-series preprocessing tools include spline fitting, standardization using a normal or gamma distribution, and transformation by a cumulative departure. The spectral analysis tools include discrete Fourier transform, maximum entropy method, and singular spectrum analysis. The spatial and temporal analysis tool is empirical orthogonal function analysis. The correlation analysis tools are linear regression and lag correlation. The projection tools include autoregressive time-series modeling and generation of many realizations. These tools are demonstrated in four examples that use stream-flow discharge data, groundwater-level records, gridded time series of precipitation data, and the Multivariate ENSO Index.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section A: Statistical analysis in Book 4 Hydrologic Analysis and Interpretation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm4A9","collaboration":"Groundwater Resources Program. This report is Chapter 9 of Section A: Statistical analysis in Book 4 Hydrologic Analysis and Interpretation.","usgsCitation":"Dickinson, J.E., Hanson, R.T., and Predmore, S.K., 2014, HydroClimATe: hydrologic and climatic analysis toolkit: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 4-A9, x, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm4A9.","productDescription":"x, 48 p.","numberOfPages":"62","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-035956","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284093,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm4A9.jpg"},{"id":284091,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm4a9/"},{"id":284092,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm4a9/pdf/tm4-a9.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd60efe4b0b290850fd3b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dickinson, Jesse E. 0000-0002-0048-0839 jdickins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0048-0839","contributorId":152545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickinson","given":"Jesse","email":"jdickins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanson, Randall T. 0000-0002-9819-7141 rthanson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9819-7141","contributorId":801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Randall","email":"rthanson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Predmore, Steven K. spredmor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Predmore","given":"Steven","email":"spredmor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":486144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70074261,"text":"sir20145018 - 2014 - Assessment of sediments in the riverine impoundments of national wildlife refuges in the Souris River Basin, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-17T13:19:28","indexId":"sir20145018","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-17T13:12:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5018","title":"Assessment of sediments in the riverine impoundments of national wildlife refuges in the Souris River Basin, North Dakota","docAbstract":"Accelerated sedimentation of reservoirs and riverine impoundments is a major concern throughout the United States. Sediments not only fill impoundments and reduce their effective life span, but they can reduce water quality by increasing turbidity and introducing harmful chemical constituents such as heavy metals, toxic elements, and nutrients. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service national wildlife refuges in the north-central part of the United States have documented high amounts of sediment accretion in some wetlands that could negatively affect important aquatic habitats for migratory birds and other wetland-dependent wildlife. Therefore, information pertaining to sediment accumulation in refuge impoundments potentially is important to guide conservation planning, including future management actions of individual impoundments. Lands comprising Des Lacs, Upper Souris, and J. Clark Salyer National Wildlife Refuges, collectively known as the Souris River Basin refuges, encompass reaches of the Des Lacs and Souris Rivers of northwestern North Dakota. The riverine impoundments of the Souris River Basin refuges are vulnerable to sedimentation because of the construction of in-stream dams that interrupt and slow river flows and because of post-European settlement land-use changes that have increased the potential for soil erosion and transport to rivers. Information regarding sediments does not exist for these refuges, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service personnel have expressed interest in assessing refuge impoundments to support refuge management decisions.\n\nSediment cores and surface sediment samples were collected from impoundments within Des Lacs, Upper Souris, and J. Clark Salyer National Wildlife Refuges during 2004–05. Cores were used to estimate sediment accretion rates using radioisotope (cesium-137 [137Cs], lead-210 [210Pb]) dating techniques. Sediment cores and surface samples were analyzed for a suite of elements and agrichemicals, respectively. Examination of core characteristics along the depth profile suggests that there has been regular sediment mixing and removal, as well as non-uniform sediment deposition with time. Estimated mean accretion rates based on the three methods of determination (two time markers for 137Cs, 210Pb) ranged from 0.22–0.35 centimeters per year, and approximately 70 percent of cores had less 137Cs than expected. Concentrations of sediment-associated elements generally were within reported reference ranges, and all agrichemicals analyzed were below detection limits. Results suggest that there does not appear to be widespread sediment accumulation in impoundments of the Souris River Basin refuges. In addition, there were no identifiable patterns among sedimentation rates from the upstream (Des Lacs, Upper Souris) to the downstream (J. Clark Salyer) refuges. There were, however, apparent upstream to downstream patterns of increased concentrations of some elements (for example, aluminum, boron, and vanadium) that may warrant further exploration. Future related monitoring and research efforts should focus on areas with high potential for sediment accumulation, such as upstream areas adjacent to dams, to identify potential sediment problems before they become too severe. Further, assessments of suspended sediments transported in the Des Lacs and Souris Rivers would augment interpretation of sedimentation data by identifying potential sediment sources and areas with the greatest potential for accumulation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145018","issn":"2328-0328","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Tangen, B., Laubhan, M.K., and Gleason, R.A., 2014, Assessment of sediments in the riverine impoundments of national wildlife refuges in the Souris River Basin, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5018, Report: vi, 37 p.; Appendixes: 1-2, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145018.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 37 p.; Appendixes: 1-2","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-046370","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284075,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145018.jpg"},{"id":284071,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5018/"},{"id":284073,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5018/downloads/Appendix1_2JAN2014.xlsx"},{"id":284072,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5018/pdf/sir2014-5018.pdf"},{"id":284074,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5018/downloads/Appendix2_2JAN2014.xlsx"}],"scale":"5000000","country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Souris River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -102.25,48.0 ], [ -102.25,49.0 ], [ -100.5,49.0 ], [ -100.5,48.0 ], [ -102.25,48.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4e3de4b0b290850f1faf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tangen, Brian A.","contributorId":78419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tangen","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laubhan, Murray K.","contributorId":100324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laubhan","given":"Murray","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gleason, Robert A. 0000-0001-5308-8657 rgleason@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5308-8657","contributorId":2402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleason","given":"Robert","email":"rgleason@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70056142,"text":"fs20133076 - 2014 - Water resources of Cameron Parish, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-18T08:27:44","indexId":"fs20133076","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-17T12:48:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3076","title":"Water resources of Cameron Parish, Louisiana","docAbstract":"This fact sheet presents a brief overview of groundwater and surface-water resources in Cameron Parish, Louisiana. Information on the availability, use, and quality of water from groundwater and surface-water sources in the parish is discussed. Previously published reports and data stored in the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water Information System (http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis) are the primary sources of this information.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133076","issn":"2327-6932","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development","usgsCitation":"Prakken, L., 2014, Water resources of Cameron Parish, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3076, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133076.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045733","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284069,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133076.jpg"},{"id":284067,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3076/"},{"id":284068,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3076/pdf/fs2013-3076.pdf"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, zone 15","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Cameron Parish","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.0,29.666667 ], [ -94.0,30.166667 ], [ -92.5,30.166667 ], [ -92.5,29.666667 ], [ -94.0,29.666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7cb5e4b0b2908510eec3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prakken, Lawrence B.","contributorId":73978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prakken","given":"Lawrence B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70056143,"text":"fs20133073 - 2014 - Water resources of Jefferson Parish, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-17T12:52:12","indexId":"fs20133073","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-17T12:47:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3073","title":"Water resources of Jefferson Parish, Louisiana","docAbstract":"This fact sheet presents a brief overview of groundwater and surface-water resources in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana. Information on the availability, use, and quality of water from groundwater and surface-water sources in the parish is discussed. Previously published reports and data stored in the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water Information System (http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis) are the primary sources of this information.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133073","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development","usgsCitation":"Prakken, L., and Lovelace, J.K., 2014, Water resources of Jefferson Parish, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3073, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133073.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045758","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284066,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133073.jpg"},{"id":284065,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3073/pdf/fs2013-3073.pdf"},{"id":284064,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3073/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","county":"Jefferson Parish","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.3545,29.0976 ], [ -90.3545,30.1946 ], [ -89.7032,30.1946 ], [ -89.7032,29.0976 ], [ -90.3545,29.0976 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7cb8e4b0b2908510eee5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prakken, Lawrence B.","contributorId":73978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prakken","given":"Lawrence B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lovelace, John K. 0000-0002-8532-2599 jlovelac@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8532-2599","contributorId":999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovelace","given":"John","email":"jlovelac@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70093931,"text":"ofr20141018 - 2014 - Sea-floor geology in northwestern Block Island Sound, Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T18:30:05","indexId":"ofr20141018","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-14T07:22:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1018","title":"Sea-floor geology in northwestern Block Island Sound, Rhode Island","docAbstract":"Multibeam-echosounder and sidescan-sonar data, collected by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in a 69-square-kilometer area of northwestern Block Island Sound, are used with sediment samples, and still and video photography of the sea floor, collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at 43 stations within this area, to interpret the sea-floor features and sedimentary environments. Features on the sea floor include boulders, sand waves, scour depressions, modern marine sediments, and trawl marks. Boulders, which are often several meters wide, are found in patches in the shallower depths and tend to be overgrown with sessile flora and fauna. They are lag deposits of winnowed glacial drift, and reflect high-energy environments characterized by processes associated with erosion and nondeposition. Sand waves and megaripples tend to have crests that either trend parallel to shore with 20- to 50-meter (m) wavelengths or trend perpendicular to shore with several-hundred-meter wavelengths. The sand waves reflect sediment transport directions perpendicular to shore by waves, and parallel to shore by tidal or wind-driven currents, respectively. Scour depressions, which are about 0.5 m lower than the surrounding sea floor, have floors of gravel and coarser sand than bounding modern marine sediments. These scour depressions, which are conspicuous in the sidescan-sonar data because of their more highly reflective coarser sediment floors, are likely formed by storm-generated, seaward-flowing currents and maintained by the turbulence in bottom currents caused by their coarse sediments. Areas of the sea floor with modern marine sediments tend to be relatively flat to current-rippled and sandy.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141018","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","usgsCitation":"McMullen, K.Y., Poppe, L., Ackerman, S.D., Blackwood, D.S., and Woods, D., 2014, Sea-floor geology in northwestern Block Island Sound, Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1018, HTML Index, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141018.","productDescription":"HTML Index","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049305","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283993,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141018.jpg"},{"id":283991,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1018/title_page.html"},{"id":283992,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1018/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Block Island Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.666667,41.333333 ], [ -71.666667,41.666667 ], [ -71.0,41.666667 ], [ -71.0,41.333333 ], [ -71.666667,41.333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd719ce4b0b29085107c85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMullen, Katherine Y. kmcmullen@usgs.gov","contributorId":24036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMullen","given":"Katherine","email":"kmcmullen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poppe, Lawrence J. lpoppe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"Lawrence J.","email":"lpoppe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ackerman, Seth D. 0000-0003-0945-2794 sackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0945-2794","contributorId":178676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Seth","email":"sackerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blackwood, Dann S. dblackwood@usgs.gov","contributorId":2457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwood","given":"Dann","email":"dblackwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Woods, D.A.","contributorId":11941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70093921,"text":"ofr20141012 - 2014 - Combined multibeam and bathymetry data from Rhode Island Sound and Block Island Sound: a regional perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-18T08:32:20","indexId":"ofr20141012","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-14T07:03:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1012","title":"Combined multibeam and bathymetry data from Rhode Island Sound and Block Island Sound: a regional perspective","docAbstract":"Detailed bathymetric maps of the sea floor in Rhode Island and Block Island Sounds are of great interest to the New York, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts research and management communities because of this area's ecological, recreational, and commercial importance. Geologically interpreted digital terrain models from individual surveys provide important benthic environmental information, yet many applications of this information require a geographically broader perspective. For example, individual surveys are of limited use for the planning and construction of cross-sound infrastructure, such as cables and pipelines, or for the testing of regional circulation models. To address this need, we integrated 14 contiguous multibeam bathymetric datasets that were produced by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration during charting operations into one digital terrain model that covers much of Block Island Sound and extends eastward across Rhode Island Sound. The new dataset, which covers over 1244 square kilometers, is adjusted to mean lower low water, gridded to 4-meter resolution, and provided in Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 19, North American Datum of 1983 and geographic World Geodetic Survey of 1984 projections. This resolution is adequate for sea-floor feature and process interpretation but is small enough to be queried and manipulated with standard Geographic Information System programs and to allow for future growth. Natural features visible in the data include boulder lag deposits of winnowed Pleistocene strata, sand-wave fields, and scour depressions that reflect the strength of oscillating tidal currents and scour by storm-induced waves. Bedform asymmetry allows interpretations of net sediment transport. Anthropogenic features visible in the data include shipwrecks and dredged channels. Together the merged data reveal a larger, more continuous perspective of bathymetric topography than previously available, providing a fundamental framework for research and resource management activities offshore of Rhode Island.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141012","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., McMullen, K.Y., Danforth, W.W., Blankenship, M.R., Clos, A.R., Glomb, K.A., Lewit, P.G., Nadeau, M.A., Wood, D.A., and Parker, C.E., 2014, Combined multibeam and bathymetry data from Rhode Island Sound and Block Island Sound: a regional perspective: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1012, HTML Index, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141012.","productDescription":"HTML Index","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051771","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283988,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1012/title_page.html"},{"id":283990,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141012.jpg"},{"id":283989,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1012/"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 19","datum":"NAD 83","country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Block Island Sound;Rhode Island Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.0,41.083333 ], [ -72.0,41.416667 ], [ -71.0,41.416667 ], [ -71.0,41.083333 ], [ -72.0,41.083333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd51dae4b0b290850f4286","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, Lawrence J. lpoppe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"Lawrence J.","email":"lpoppe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McMullen, Katherine Y. kmcmullen@usgs.gov","contributorId":24036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMullen","given":"Katherine","email":"kmcmullen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Danforth, William W. 0000-0002-6382-9487 bdanforth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6382-9487","contributorId":3292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"William","email":"bdanforth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blankenship, Mark R.","contributorId":43270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blankenship","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clos, Andrew R.","contributorId":101987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clos","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Glomb, Kimberly A.","contributorId":70283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glomb","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lewit, Peter G.","contributorId":69885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewit","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nadeau, Megan A.","contributorId":32450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nadeau","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wood, Douglas A.","contributorId":23415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Parker, Castleton E.","contributorId":41334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Castleton","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70094537,"text":"sir20145033 - 2014 - Quantifying benthic nitrogen fluxes in Puget Sound, Washington: a review of available data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-13T18:20:41","indexId":"sir20145033","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-13T18:14:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5033","title":"Quantifying benthic nitrogen fluxes in Puget Sound, Washington: a review of available data","docAbstract":"Understanding benthic fluxes is important for understanding the fate of materials that settle to the Puget Sound, Washington, seafloor, as well as the impact these fluxes have on the chemical composition and biogeochemical cycles of marine waters. Existing approaches used to measure benthic nitrogen flux in Puget Sound and elsewhere were reviewed and summarized, and factors for considering each approach were evaluated. Factors for selecting an appropriate approach for gathering information about benthic flux include: availability of resources, objectives of projects, and determination of which processes each approach measures. An extensive search of literature was undertaken to summarize known benthic nitrogen fluxes in Puget Sound. A total of 138 individual flux chamber measurements and 38 sets of diffusive fluxes were compiled for this study. Of the diffusive fluxes, 35 new datasets were located, and new flux calculations are presented in this report. About 65 new diffusive flux calculations are provided across all nitrogen species (nitrate, NO3-; nitrite, NO2-; ammonium, NH4+). Data analysis of this newly compiled benthic flux dataset showed that fluxes beneath deep (greater than 50 meters) water tended to be lower than those beneath shallow (less than 50 meters) water. Additionally, variability in flux at the shallow depths was greater, possibly indicating a more dynamic interaction between the benthic and pelagic environments. The overall range of bottom temperatures from studies in the Puget Sound area were small (5–16 degrees Celsius), and only NH4+ flux showed any pattern with temperature. For NH4+, flux values and variability increased at greater than about 12 degrees Celsius. Collection of additional study site metadata about environmental factors (bottom temperature, depth, sediment porosity, sediment type, and sediment organic matter) will help with development of a broader regional understanding benthic nitrogen flux in the Puget Sound.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145033","issn":"2328-0328","usgsCitation":"Sheibley, R.W., and Paulson, A.J., 2014, Quantifying benthic nitrogen fluxes in Puget Sound, Washington: a review of available data: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5033, vi, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145033.","productDescription":"vi, 44 p.","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051197","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283987,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145033.jpg"},{"id":283985,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5033"},{"id":283986,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5033/pdf/sir20145033.pdf"}],"scale":"500000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic Projection State Plane Washington South","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.5,47.0 ], [ -123.5,48.0 ], [ -122.0,48.0 ], [ -122.0,47.0 ], [ -123.5,47.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6ec4e4b0b29085105fc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheibley, Richard W. 0000-0003-1627-8536 sheibley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1627-8536","contributorId":87452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheibley","given":"Richard","email":"sheibley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paulson, Anthony J. 0000-0002-2358-8834 apaulson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2358-8834","contributorId":5236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulson","given":"Anthony","email":"apaulson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":490671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70215049,"text":"70215049 - 2014 - Spatial variability in survival of adult brook trout within two intensively surveyed headwater stream networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-06T20:37:31.726375","indexId":"70215049","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-13T14:25:29","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6455,"text":"Canadian Journal Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial variability in survival of adult brook trout within two intensively surveyed headwater stream networks","docAbstract":"Headwater stream networks are considered heterogeneous riverscapes, but it is challenging to characterize spatial variability in demographic rates. We estimated site-scale (50 m) survival of adult (>age 1+) brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) within two intensively surveyed headwater stream networks by applying an open-population N-mixture approach to count data collected over two consecutive summers. The estimated annual apparent survival rate was 0.37 (95% CI: 0.28–0.46) in one network and 0.31 (95% CI: 0.15–0.45) in the other network. In both networks, trout survival was higher in stream sites characterized by more abundant pool habitats. Trout survival was negatively associated with mean depth in one network and positively associated with stream gradient in the other. Stream temperature was not related to trout survival in either network, possibly because the majority of sites were thermally suitable. A similar analytical approach can be useful for inferring survival rates when count data are available over space and time but individual tagging is not feasible.
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\"}}]}","volume":"71","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kanno, Yoichiro","contributorId":210653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kanno","given":"Yoichiro","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":800632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Letcher, Benjamin 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":242666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"Benjamin","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":800633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vokoun, Jason 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Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"828","title":"Spatial mapping and attribution of Wyoming wind turbines, 2012","docAbstract":"These data represent locations of wind turbines found within Wyoming as of August 2012. We assigned each wind turbine to a wind farm and, in these data, provide information about each turbine’s potential megawatt output, rotor diameter, hub height, rotor height, the status of the land ownership where the turbine exists, the county each turbine is located in, wind farm power capacity, the number of units currently associated with each wind farm, the wind turbine manufacturer and model, the wind farm developer, the owner of the wind farm, the current purchaser of power from the wind farm, the year the wind farm went online, and the status of its operation. Some of the attributes are estimates based on the information we found via the American Wind Energy Association and other on-line reports. The locations are derived from National Agriculture Imagery Program (2009 and 2012) true color aerial photographs and have a positional accuracy of approximately +/-5 meters.
\nThese data will provide a planning tool for wildlife- and habitat-related projects underway at the U.S. Geological Survey’s Fort Collins Science Center and other government and non-government organizations. Specifically, we will use these data to support quantifying disturbances of the landscape as related to wind energy as well as to quantify indirect disturbances to flora and fauna. This data set represents an update to a previous version by O’Donnell and Fancher (2010).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds828","usgsCitation":"O'Donnell, M., and Fancher, T., 2014, Spatial mapping and attribution of Wyoming wind turbines, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 828, Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds828.","productDescription":"Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052557","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283944,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds828.GIF"},{"id":283942,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/828/"},{"id":283943,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/828/downloads/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.0569,40.9947 ], [ -111.0569,45.0059 ], [ -104.0522,45.0059 ], [ -104.0522,40.9947 ], [ -111.0569,40.9947 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd738fe4b0b29085109044","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O'Donnell, Michael S.","contributorId":40667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Donnell","given":"Michael S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fancher, Tammy S.","contributorId":17689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fancher","given":"Tammy S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70094917,"text":"fs20143014 - 2014 - The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T15:49:05","indexId":"fs20143014","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-12T11:49:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3014","title":"The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Oregon","docAbstract":"Elevation data are essential to a broad range of business uses, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. In the State of Oregon, elevation data are critical for river and stream resource management; forest resources management; water supply and quality; infrastructure and construction management; wildfire management, planning and response; natural resources conservation; and other business uses. Today, high-density light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the primary source for deriving elevation models and other datasets. The Oregon Lidar Consortium (OLC), led by the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries (DOGAMI), has developed partnerships with Federal, State, Tribal, and local agencies to acquire quality level 1 data in areas of shared interest. The goal of OLC partners is to acquire consistent, high-resolution and high-quality statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data.
\nThe National Enhanced Elevation Assessment evaluated multiple elevation data acquisition options to determine the optimal data quality and data replacement cycle relative to cost to meet the identified requirements of the user community. The evaluation demonstrated that lidar acquisition at quality level 2 for the conterminous United States and quality level 5 ifsar data for Alaska with a 6- to 10-year acquisition cycle provided the highest benefit/cost ratios. The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative selected an 8-year acquisition cycle for the respective quality levels. 3DEP, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Office of Management and Budget Circular A–16 lead agency for terrestrial elevation data, responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other 3D representations of the Nation’s natural and constructed features.
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William J. Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70094916,"text":"fs20143012 - 2014 - The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T15:50:18","indexId":"fs20143012","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-12T11:36:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3012","title":"The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Kentucky","docAbstract":"Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. For the Commonwealth of Kentucky, elevation data are critical for agriculture and precision farming, natural resources conservation, flood risk management, infrastructure and construction management, forest resources management, geologic resource assessment and hazards mitigation, and other business uses. Today, high-density light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the primary sources for deriving elevation models and other datasets. Federal, State, Tribal, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data that are older and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of State and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data. “Kentucky from Above,” the Kentucky Aerial Photography and Elevation Data Program (http://kygeonet.ky.gov/kyfromabove/), provides statewide lidar coordination with local, Commonwealth, and national groups in support of 3DEP for the Commonwealth.
\nThe National Enhanced Elevation Assessment evaluated multiple elevation data acquisition options to determine the optimal data quality and data replacement cycle relative to cost to meet the identified requirements of the user community. The evaluation demonstrated that lidar acquisition at quality level 2 for the conterminous United States and quality level 5 ifsar data for Alaska with a 6- to 10-year acquisition cycle provided the highest benefit/cost ratios. The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative selected an 8-year acquisition cycle for the respective quality levels. 3DEP, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Office of Management and Budget Circular A–16 lead agency for terrestrial elevation data, responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other 3D representations of the Nation’s natural and constructed features.
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Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70094155,"text":"fs20143008 - 2014 - The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T15:51:26","indexId":"fs20143008","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-12T11:29:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3008","title":"The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Tennessee","docAbstract":"Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. For the State of Tennessee, elevation data are critical for agriculture and precision farming, flood risk management, natural resources conservation, infrastructure and construction management, forest resources management, aviation navigation and safety, and other business uses. Today, high-density light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the primary sources for deriving elevation models and other datasets. Federal, State, Tribal, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data that are older and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of State and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data.
\nThe National Enhanced Elevation Assessment evaluated multiple elevation data acquisition options to determine the optimal data quality and data replacement cycle relative to cost to meet the identified requirements of the user community. The evaluation demonstrated that lidar acquisition at quality level 2 for the conterminous United States and quality level 5 ifsar data for Alaska with a 6- to 10-year acquisition cycle provided the highest benefit/cost ratios. The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative selected an 8-year acquisition cycle for the respective quality levels. 3DEP, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Office of Management and Budget Circular A–16 lead agency for terrestrial elevation data, responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other 3D representations of the Nation’s natural and constructed features.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143008","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W., 2014, The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3008, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143008.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052819","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283879,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143008.jpg"},{"id":283878,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3008/pdf/fs2014-3008.pdf","text":"Report","size":"314 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":283877,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3008/"}],"country":"United 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Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70057463,"text":"sir20135217 - 2014 - Water-quality trends for selected sampling sites in the upper Clark Fork Basin, Montana, water years 1996-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-11T10:37:01","indexId":"sir20135217","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-11T10:28:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5217","title":"Water-quality trends for selected sampling sites in the upper Clark Fork Basin, Montana, water years 1996-2010","docAbstract":"A large-scale trend analysis was done on specific conductance, selected trace elements (arsenic, cadmium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, and zinc), and suspended-sediment data for 22 sites in the upper Clark Fork Basin for water years 1996–2010. Trend analysis was conducted by using two parametric methods: a time-series model (TSM) and multiple linear regression on time, streamflow, and season (MLR). Trend results for 1996–2010 indicate moderate to large decreases in flow-adjusted concentrations (FACs) and loads of copper (and other metallic elements) and suspended sediment in Silver Bow Creek upstream from Warm Springs. Deposition of metallic elements and suspended sediment within Warm Springs Ponds substantially reduces the downstream transport of those constituents. However, mobilization of copper and suspended sediment from floodplain tailings and stream banks in the Clark Fork reach from Galen to Deer Lodge is a large source of metallic elements and suspended sediment, which also affects downstream transport of those constituents. Copper and suspended-sediment loads mobilized from within this reach accounted for about 40 and 20 percent, respectively, of the loads for Clark Fork at Turah Bridge (site 20); whereas, streamflow contributed from within this reach only accounted for about 8 percent of the streamflow at Turah Bridge. Minor changes in FACs and loads of copper and suspended sediment are indicated for this reach during 1996–2010.
\nClark Fork reaches downstream from Deer Lodge are relatively smaller sources of metallic elements than the reach from Galen to Deer Lodge. In general, small decreases in loads and FACs of copper and suspended sediment are indicated for Clark Fork sites downstream from Deer Lodge during 1996–2010. Thus, although large decreases in FACs and loads of copper and suspended sediment are indicated for Silver Bow Creek upstream from Warm Springs, those large decreases are not translated to the more downstream reaches largely because of temporal stationarity in constituent transport relations in the Clark Fork reach from Galen to Deer Lodge.
\nUnlike metallic elements, arsenic (a metalloid element) in streams in the upper Clark Fork Basin typically is mostly in dissolved phase, has less variability in concentrations, and has weaker direct relations with suspended-sediment concentrations and streamflow. Arsenic trend results for 1996–2010 indicate generally moderate decreases in FACs and loads in Silver Bow Creek upstream from Opportunity. In general, small temporal changes in loads and FACs of arsenic are indicated for Silver Bow Creek and Clark Fork reaches downstream from Opportunity during 1996–2010. Contribution of arsenic (from Warm Springs Ponds, the Mill-Willow bypass, and groundwater sources) in the Silver Bow Creek reach from Opportunity to Warm Springs is a relatively large source of arsenic. Arsenic loads originating from within this reach accounted for about 11 percent of the load for Clark Fork at Turah Bridge; whereas, streamflow contributed from within this reach only accounted for about 2 percent of the streamflow at Turah Bridge.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135217","usgsCitation":"Sando, S.K., Vecchia, A.V., Lorenz, D.L., and Barnhart, E.P., 2014, Water-quality trends for selected sampling sites in the upper Clark Fork Basin, Montana, water years 1996-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5217, xiii, 162 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135217.","productDescription":"xiii, 162 p.","numberOfPages":"180","temporalStart":"1995-10-01","temporalEnd":"2010-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-045334","costCenters":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283807,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135217.jpg"},{"id":283806,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5217/pdf/sir13-5217.pdf"},{"id":283770,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5217/"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator Projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Clark Fork Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.071,45.7493 ], [ -114.071,47.532 ], [ -112.1814,47.532 ], [ -112.1814,45.7493 ], [ -114.071,45.7493 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7d32e4b0b2908510f3b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sando, Steven K. 0000-0003-1206-1030 sksando@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1206-1030","contributorId":1016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sando","given":"Steven","email":"sksando@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vecchia, Aldo V. 0000-0002-2661-4401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4401","contributorId":41810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"Aldo","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lorenz, David L. 0000-0003-3392-4034 lorenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-4034","contributorId":1384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"David","email":"lorenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnhart, Elliott P. 0000-0002-8788-8393 epbarnhart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8788-8393","contributorId":5385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhart","given":"Elliott","email":"epbarnhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70095676,"text":"ofr20141048 - 2014 - Soil compaction vulnerability at Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-11T10:25:52","indexId":"ofr20141048","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-11T10:18:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1048","title":"Soil compaction vulnerability at Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Arizona","docAbstract":"Compaction vulnerability of different types of soils by hikers and vehicles is poorly known, particularly for soils of arid and semiarid regions. Engineering analyses have long shown that poorly sorted soils (for example, sandy loams) compact to high densities, whereas well-sorted soils (for example, eolian sand) do not compact, and high gravel content may reduce compaction. Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument (ORPI) in southwestern Arizona, is affected greatly by illicit activities associated with the United States–Mexico border, and has many soils that resource managers consider to be highly vulnerable to compaction. Using geospatial soils data for ORPI, compaction vulnerability was estimated qualitatively based on the amount of gravel and the degree of sorting of sand and finer particles. To test this qualitative assessment, soil samples were collected from 48 sites across all soil map units, and undisturbed bulk densities were measured. A scoring system was used to create a vulnerability index for soils on the basis of particle-size sorting, soil properties derived from Proctor compaction analyses, and the field undisturbed bulk densities. The results of the laboratory analyses indicated that the qualitative assessments of soil compaction vulnerability underestimated the area of high vulnerability soils by 73 percent. The results showed that compaction vulnerability of desert soils, such as those at ORPI, can be quantified using laboratory tests and evaluated using geographic information system analyses, providing a management tool that managers potentially could use to inform decisions about activities that reduce this type of soil disruption in protected areas.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141048","usgsCitation":"Webb, R., Nussear, K.E., Carmichael, S., and Esque, T., 2014, Soil compaction vulnerability at Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1048, iv, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141048.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-041135","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283804,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141048.GIF"},{"id":283769,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1048/"},{"id":283803,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1048/pdf/ofr2014-1048.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.17,31.6978 ], [ -113.17,32.2627 ], [ -112.4986,32.2627 ], [ -112.4986,31.6978 ], [ -113.17,31.6978 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd732ae4b0b29085108c47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webb, Robert H. rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert H.","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":491333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nussear, Kenneth E. knussear@usgs.gov","contributorId":2695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nussear","given":"Kenneth","email":"knussear@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carmichael, Shinji","contributorId":14299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carmichael","given":"Shinji","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Esque, Todd C. tesque@usgs.gov","contributorId":3221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"Todd C.","email":"tesque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048952,"text":"ds711 - 2014 - USGS Field Activities 11CEV01 and 11CEV02 on the West Florida Shelf, Gulf of Mexico, in January and February 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-10T15:48:40","indexId":"ds711","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-10T15:08:08","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"711","title":"USGS Field Activities 11CEV01 and 11CEV02 on the West Florida Shelf, Gulf of Mexico, in January and February 2011","docAbstract":"During January and February 2011 the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the University of South Florida (USF), conducted geochemical surveys on the west Florida Shelf. Data collected will allow USGS and USF scientists to investigate the effects of climate change on ocean acidification within the northern Gulf of Mexico, specifically, the effect of ocean acidification on marine organisms and habitats. This work is part of a larger USGS study on Climate and Environmental Variability (CEV). The first cruise was conducted from January 3 – 7 (11CEV01) and the second from February 17 - 27 (11CEV02). To view each cruise's survey lines, please see the Trackline page. Both cruises took place aboard the R/V Weatherbird II, a ship of opportunity led by Dr. Kendra Daly (USF), which departed and returned from Saint Petersburg, Florida.
\nData collection included sampling of the surface and water column (referred to as station samples) with lab analysis of pH, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and total alkalinity. Augmenting the lab analysis was a continuous flow-through system with a Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) sensor, which also recorded salinity, and pH. Corroborating the USGS data are the vertical CTD profiles collected by USF. The CTD casts measured continuous vertical profiles of oxygen, chlorophyll fluorescence, optical backscatter, and transmissometer. Discrete samples for nutrients, chlorophyll, and particulate organic carbon/nitrogen were also collected during the CTD casts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds711","usgsCitation":"Robbins, L.L., Knorr, P.O., Daly, K.L., and Taylor, C.A., 2014, USGS Field Activities 11CEV01 and 11CEV02 on the West Florida Shelf, Gulf of Mexico, in January and February 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 711, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds711.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-035577","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286224,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds711.jpg"},{"id":283783,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0711/"},{"id":286220,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0711/title.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Shelf;Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.967,25.5722 ], [ -89.967,31.0059 ], [ -80.4639,31.0059 ], [ -80.4639,25.5722 ], [ -89.967,25.5722 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351706ce4b05569d805a426","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, Lisa L. 0000-0003-3681-1094 lrobbins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3681-1094","contributorId":422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Lisa","email":"lrobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knorr, Paul O. pknorr@usgs.gov","contributorId":3691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knorr","given":"Paul","email":"pknorr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Daly, Kendra L.","contributorId":79018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daly","given":"Kendra","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, Carl A.","contributorId":9960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}