The Shenandoah salamander (Plethodon shenandoah) is a federally endangered salamander whose distribution is restricted to high-elevation habitats in Shenandoah National Park (SHEN). During the ranking of vital signs monitoring priorities for this park, “Federal Threatened and Endangered Species” received the 2nd highest ranking for terrestrial vital signs because of ecological, management, and policy criteria. The following protocol narrative describes the objectives and methods for monitoring the Shenandoah salamander. Because the range size and habitat occupancy are of principle interest, this protocol generates data suitable for estimating the annual proportion of occupied habitat across the species range. Objectives focus on describing the status and trends of the species distribution (i.e., spatial extent) and the proportion of the range that is occupied (i.e., density of occupied sites). To do so, monitoring sites in the core and the edge of the known range are surveyed for salamanders multiple times during both the spring and fall. The resulting data not only allow for an assessment of the status and trends of the species but also provide supporting data to assist in understanding causal drivers of population change.
This monitoring protocol consists of a protocol narrative and eight standard operating procedures (SOPs) which are listed below in the Background and Objectives and are available as separate documents at irma.nps.gov.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","doi":"10.36967/nrr-2284516","usgsCitation":"Campbell Grant, E.H., Brand, A., and Wofford, J., 2021, Monitoring the status and trends of the Shenandoah salamander in Shenandoah National Park: Natural Resource Report NPS/SHEN/NRR-2021/2226, xi, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284516.","productDescription":"xi, 24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-137446","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":421078,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell Grant, Evan H. 0000-0003-4401-6496 ehgrant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-6496","contributorId":150443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell Grant","given":"Evan","email":"ehgrant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":883823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brand, Adrianne 0000-0003-2664-0041","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2664-0041","contributorId":304281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brand","given":"Adrianne","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":883824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wofford, John E. 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The sea state is either sparsely\nmeasured by wave buoys and satellites or modelled over large scales. Only a few attempts have been devoted to sea state measurements covering a large domain; in particular its estimation from optical images. With optical technologies becoming omnipresent, optical images offer incomparable spatial resolution from diverse sensors such as shore-based cameras, airborne drones (unmanned aerial vehicles/UAVs), or satellites. Here, we present a standalone methodology to derive the water surface elevation anomaly induced by wind-generated ocean waves from optical imagery. The methodology was tested on drone and satellite images and compared against ground truth. The results show a clear dependence on the relative azimuth view angle in relation to the wave crest. A simple correction is proposed to overcome this bias. Overall, the presented methodology offers a practical way of estimating ocean waves for a wide range of applications.","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs13040679","usgsCitation":"Almar, R., Bergsma, E.W., Catalan, P.A., Cienfuegos, R., Suarez, L., Lucero, F., Lerma, A.N., Desmazes, F., Perugini, E., Palmsten, M.L., and Chickadel, C., 2021, Sea state from single optical images: A methodology to derive wind-generated ocean waves from cameras, drones and satellites: Remote Sensing, v. 13, no. 4, 679, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13040679.","productDescription":"679, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-126573","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":453613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13040679","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":406532,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-02-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Almar, Rafael","contributorId":296397,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Almar","given":"Rafael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":64029,"text":"LEGOS (CNRS/IRD/CNES/Université de Toulouse), Toulouse, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bergsma, Erwin W. J.","contributorId":296398,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bergsma","given":"Erwin","email":"","middleInitial":"W. J.","affiliations":[{"id":64031,"text":"Earth Observation Lab CNES (French Space Agency), Toulouse, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Catalan, Patrico A.","contributorId":296399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Catalan","given":"Patrico","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":64032,"text":"Departamento de Obras Civiles, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaiso 2390123, Chile","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cienfuegos, Rodrigo","contributorId":296400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cienfuegos","given":"Rodrigo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":64033,"text":"Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; r","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Suarez, Leandro","contributorId":296401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suarez","given":"Leandro","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":64033,"text":"Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; r","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lucero, Felipe","contributorId":296402,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lucero","given":"Felipe","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":64033,"text":"Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; r","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lerma, Alexandre Nicolae","contributorId":296403,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lerma","given":"Alexandre","email":"","middleInitial":"Nicolae","affiliations":[{"id":64034,"text":"Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), 33600 Pessac, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Desmazes, Franck","contributorId":296404,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Desmazes","given":"Franck","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":64034,"text":"Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), 33600 Pessac, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Perugini, Eleonora","contributorId":296405,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perugini","given":"Eleonora","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":64035,"text":"Department of DICEA, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Palmsten, Margaret L. 0000-0002-6424-2338","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6424-2338","contributorId":239955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmsten","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Chickadel, Chris","contributorId":296406,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chickadel","given":"Chris","affiliations":[{"id":64036,"text":"Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70229008,"text":"70229008 - 2021 - Incomplete bioinformatic filtering and inadequate age and growth analysis lead to an incorrect inference of harvested-induced changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-25T15:11:13.554795","indexId":"70229008","displayToPublicDate":"2021-02-01T08:56:02","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1601,"text":"Evolutionary Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incomplete bioinformatic filtering and inadequate age and growth analysis lead to an incorrect inference of harvested-induced changes","docAbstract":"Understanding the evolutionary impacts of harvest on fish populations is important for informing fisheries management and conservation and has become a growing research topic over the last decade. However, the dynamics of fish populations are highly complex, and phenotypes can be influenced by many biotic and abiotic factors. Therefore, it is vital to collect robust data and explore multiple alternative hypotheses before concluding that fish populations are influenced by harvest. In their recently published manuscript, Bowles et al, Evolutionary Applications, 13(6):1128 conducted age/growth and genomic analysis of walleye (Sander vitreus) populations sampled 13–15 years (1–2.5 generations) apart and hypothesized that observed phenotypic and genomic changes in this time period were likely due to harvest. Specifically, Bowles et al. (2020) documented differential declines in size-at-age in three exploited walleye populations compared to a separate, but presumably less-exploited, reference population. Additionally, they documented population genetic differentiation in one population pair, homogenization in another, and outlier loci putatively under selection across time points. Based on their phenotypic and genetic results, they hypothesized that selective harvest had led to fisheries-induced evolution (referred to as nascent changes) in the exploited populations in as little as 1–2.5 generations. We re-analyzed their data and found that (a) sizes declined across both exploited and reference populations during the time period studied and (b) observed genomic differentiation in their study was the result of inadequate data filtering, including retaining individuals with high amounts of missing data and retaining potentially undersplit and oversplit loci that created false signals of differentiation between time points. This re-analysis did not provide evidence for phenotypic or genetic changes attributable to harvest in any of the study populations, contrasting the hypotheses presented by Bowles et al. (2020). Our comment highlights the potential pitfalls associated with conducting age/growth analyses with low sample sizes and inadequately filtering genomic datasets.
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songbird","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-28T14:01:45.786634","indexId":"70230046","displayToPublicDate":"2021-02-01T08:50:10","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1907,"text":"Hormones and Behavior","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding at higher latitude is associated with higher photoperiodic threshold and delayed reproductive development in a songbird","docAbstract":"Many seasonally breeding animals exhibit a threshold day length (critical photoperiod; CPP) for gonadal growth, and populations breeding at higher latitudes typically have a higher CPP. Much less is known about latitudinal variation in CPP in migratory population that winter away from their breeding range and must time their reproduction to match favorable conditions at their destination. To address the relationship between migration, breeding latitude, and CPP, we held two closely related songbird populations in a common environment. One population is resident (Junco hyemalis carolinensis), the other winters in sympatry with the residents but migrates north to breed (Junco hyemalis hyemalis). We gradually increased photoperiod and measured indices of readiness to migrate (fat score, body mass) and breed (cloacal protuberance volume, baseline testosterone, and gonadotropin releasing hormone challenged testosterone). To estimate breeding latitude, we measured hydrogen isotopes in feathers grown the preceding year. As we predicted, we found a higher CPP in migrants than residents, and a higher CPP among migrants deriving from higher as opposed to lower latitudes. Migrants also terminated breeding earlier than residents, indicating a shorter breeding season. To our knowledge, this is a first demonstration of latitudinal variation in CPP-dependent reproductive timing in bird populations that co-exist in the non-breeding season but breed at different latitudes. We conclude that bird populations appear to exhibit local adaptation in reproductive timing by relying on differential CPP response that is predictive of future conditions on the breeding ground.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104907","usgsCitation":"Singh, D., Reed, S.M., Kimmitt, A., Alford, K.A., Stricker, C.A., Polly, P., and Ketterson, E.D., 2021, Breeding at higher latitude is associated with higher photoperiodic threshold and delayed reproductive development in a songbird: Hormones and Behavior, v. 128, 104907, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104907.","productDescription":"104907, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-114613","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397700,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Bloomington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.63818359375,\n 39.106886525487596\n ],\n [\n -86.4510726928711,\n 39.106886525487596\n ],\n [\n -86.4510726928711,\n 39.22959375247292\n ],\n [\n -86.63818359375,\n 39.22959375247292\n ],\n [\n -86.63818359375,\n 39.106886525487596\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"128","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singh, Devraj","contributorId":289296,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singh","given":"Devraj","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37145,"text":"Indiana University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, S. 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A.","contributorId":289302,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alford","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37145,"text":"Indiana University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stricker, Craig A. 0000-0002-5031-9437 cstricker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5031-9437","contributorId":1097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"Craig","email":"cstricker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Polly, P. D.","contributorId":289305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Polly","given":"P. D.","affiliations":[{"id":37145,"text":"Indiana University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ketterson, Ellen D.","contributorId":168422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ketterson","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12645,"text":"Indiana University - Northwest","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70236991,"text":"70236991 - 2021 - Sap flow evidence of chilling injury and recovery in mangroves following a spring cold spell","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-27T13:50:33.036756","indexId":"70236991","displayToPublicDate":"2021-02-01T08:45:30","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3651,"text":"Trees: Structure and Function","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sap flow evidence of chilling injury and recovery in mangroves following a spring cold spell","docAbstract":"Mangroves are periodically influenced in negative ways by non-freezing temperatures across their global sub-tropical range. However, physiological and morphological evidence of chilling influences to non-freezing chilling events has not been measured in field settings. In this study, we measured sap flow (Js) during such a chilling (but non-freezing) event in southern China and documented the reductions in Js and the recovery that ensued. We calculated tree water use (TWU) from Js measurements taken from thermal dissipation sap flow sensors on two mangrove species (Sonneratia apetala and S. caseolaris). This chilling event significantly injured the mangrove trees in the form of leaf scorch and massive defoliation. Diurnal variations of stem Js of both species were altered significantly after chilling. On the day of the chilling event, Js of S. caseolaris was reduced from the daily maximum of 44.1 g H2O m−2 s−1 to 0 immediately after chilling, which lasted throughout the remainder of the day. In contrast, S. apetala showed a certain low-temperature tolerance, while still maintaining an adequate transpiration rate after chilling, indicative of a more resilient hydraulic transport system to low temperatures. The sap flow data collected revealed substantial evidence for acute water conservation during low-temperature events, perhaps ameliorating low-temperature damage. Hence, the responses of some mangrove species with high sensitivity to low, but non-freezing, temperature (such as S. caseolaris) may indicate that mangroves possess adaptive whole-tree strategies to cold temperature.
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2021 - Relative influence of antecedent topography and sea-level rise on barrier-island migration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-12T14:08:29.388817","indexId":"70236582","displayToPublicDate":"2021-02-01T08:43:24","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3369,"text":"Sedimentology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relative influence of antecedent topography and sea-level rise on barrier-island migration","docAbstract":"The response of barrier islands to sea-level rise is modulated by combinations of coastal processes, eco-geomorphic feedbacks, and structural controls, such as antecedent topography. Interactions among these drivers can lead to complex and non-linear changes in island morphology and transitions between migrational, erosional, or progradational states. This study seeks to constrain the morphologic consequences of barrier islands migrating across complex antecedent topography in response to rising sea level. The stratigraphy of four barrier-backbarrier systems along the U.S. Mid-Atlantic coast informs idealized geometries of diverse antecedent substrate. These outcomes are integrated into a cross-shore morphodynamic model of barrier-island migration to quantify the influence of this antecedent geology on barrier-retreat behavior. Additionally, this study explores the future response of specific barrier islands to various rates of sea-level rise over multi-decadal to millennial timescales. The results show antecedent substrate slope plays a central role in barrier morphodynamic behaviour. In particular, migration across a subaqueous backbarrier ridge (e.g., coastal barrier or dune deposits from earlier sea-level highstands) can cause a succession of phase changes in a modern island. For example, the case studies illustrate the steep slopes and decreased backbarrier accommodation associated with antecedent highs greater than 3 m in profile can greatly reduce island migration rates, effectively “pinning” the island in place, even with sea-level rise rates up to 6 mm yr-1. However, once the island migrates over the high, backbarrier accommodation increases, leading to enhanced overwash fluxes, more rapid landward migration, and possible drowning. Additionally, the results indicate that antecedent substrate may slow barrier-island migration by providing sediment through both shoreface and inlet processes. The field and modelling insights from this study are presented as a conceptual model of the relative influence of various antecedent features on barrier-island dynamics along sandy, siliciclastic coasts.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/sed.12798","usgsCitation":"Shawler, J.L., Ciarletta, D.J., Connell, J.E., Boggs, B.Q., Lorenzo-Trueba, J., and Hein, C.J., 2021, Relative influence of antecedent topography and sea-level rise on barrier-island migration: Sedimentology, v. 68, no. 2, p. 639-669, https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12798.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"639","endPage":"669","ipdsId":"IP-118839","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406531,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, New Jersey, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Assateague Island, Brigantine Island, Cedar Island, Edwin B. 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Using a dataset collected over 16 years, we analyzed how 10 matrilines, including three second generation female dolphins in a maternal role, used PFC with their pre-weaned calves. Mothers had different rates of initiation with their calves forming a continuum from those initiating few contacts (15%) to those initiating more (44%). For mothers with all-aged calves, the lateral side was contacted the most to start interactions with mothers contacting body parts at a similar rate. All mothers assumed the same posture regardless of their role as initiator or receiver, with horizontal the most prevalent posture. Two maternal styles were found for PFC: high and low use of PFC. Within the high PFC group, there was individual variation that was related to calf sex. Even though evidence of maternal style was confirmed in PFC exchanges between adult female dolphins and their calves, the number of PFC shared between these kin was only ~9% of all documented PFC contacts (N = 4,345) over 16 years, suggesting that other forms of tactile contact may be more important within the confines of the mother-offspring relationship in delphinids.
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Naively applying predictions to combinatorial opti- mization problems can incur high costs, which has motivated researchers to consider learning augmented algorithms that can make use of faulty or incomplete predictions. Inspired by two matching problems in computational sustainability where data are abundant, we consider the learning augmented min weight matching problem where some nodes are revealed\n \nonline while others are known a priori, e.g., by being pre- dicted by machine learning. We develop an algorithm that is able to make use of this extra information and provably im- proves upon pessimistic online algorithms. We evaluate our algorithm on two settings from computational sustainability\n– the coordination of opportunistic citizen scientists for inva- sive species management and the matching between taxis and riders under uncertain trip duration predictions. In both cases, we perform extensive experiments on real-world datasets and find that our method outperforms baselines, showing how learning augmented algorithms can reliably improve solu- tions for problems in computational sustainability","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the AAAI conference on artificial intelligence","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"AAAI conference on artificial intelligence","conferenceDate":"February 2-9, 2021","conferenceLocation":"Online","language":"English","publisher":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","usgsCitation":"Bjorck, J., Shi, Q., Brown-Lima, C., Dean, J., Fuller, A.K., and Gomes, C., 2021, Learning augmented methods for matching: Improving invasive species management and urban mobility, in Proceedings of the AAAI conference on artificial intelligence, v. 35, no. 17, Online, February 2-9, 2021, p. 14702-14710.","productDescription":"9 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York\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"35","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bjorck, Johan","contributorId":287218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bjorck","given":"Johan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shi, Qinru","contributorId":269685,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shi","given":"Qinru","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown-Lima, Carrie","contributorId":236893,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown-Lima","given":"Carrie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":836572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dean, Jennifer","contributorId":287223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dean","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":61506,"text":"New York Natural Heritage Program","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fuller, Angela K. 0000-0002-9247-7468 afuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-7468","contributorId":3984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Angela","email":"afuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":836568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gomes, Carla","contributorId":274582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gomes","given":"Carla","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70230071,"text":"70230071 - 2021 - Applications of bistatic radar to volcano topography – A review of 10 years of TanDEM-X","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-28T13:24:28.710009","indexId":"70230071","displayToPublicDate":"2021-02-01T08:20:36","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1942,"text":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applications of bistatic radar to volcano topography – A review of 10 years of TanDEM-X","docAbstract":"The TanDEM-X satellite mission has revolutionized DEM generation from spaceborne synthetic aperture radar. In addition to the primary objective of generating a consistent digital elevation model with global coverage and unprecedented accuracy, the mission has acquired time series of topographic data over several volcanoes, providing an excellent opportunity to test the use of this innovative dataset for volcano monitoring and research. In this article, we review the utilization of the single-pass TanDEM-X data for studying various kinds of volcanic activity, such as basaltic lava flows, the formation and destruction of lava domes and related pyroclastic density currents, and subsurface magma withdrawal and intrusion. We then consider the uses of these data for hazard assessment and forecasting. Our goal is to highlight the importance of timely and repeated topographic information in volcanology, and to suggest the development of future spaceborne bistatic synthetic aperture radar satellite missions, such as ESA's Earth Explorer 10 candidate mission, “Harmony.”
","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","doi":"10.1109/JSTARS.2021.3055653","usgsCitation":"Kubanek, J., Poland, M., and Biggs, J., 2021, Applications of bistatic radar to volcano topography – A review of 10 years of TanDEM-X: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, v. 14, p. 3282-3302, https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2021.3055653.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"3282","endPage":"3302","ipdsId":"IP-122045","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":453623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3055653","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":397687,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kubanek, Julia","contributorId":289336,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kubanek","given":"Julia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62103,"text":"ESTEC, European Space Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poland, Michael 0000-0001-5240-6123","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":49920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Biggs, Juliet","contributorId":206389,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Biggs","given":"Juliet","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37322,"text":"University of Bristol","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70219426,"text":"70219426 - 2021 - Seasonal precipitation and soil moisture relationships across forests and woodlands in the southwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-13T15:49:13.926332","indexId":"70219426","displayToPublicDate":"2021-02-01T08:13:53","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7359,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal precipitation and soil moisture relationships across forests and woodlands in the southwestern United States","docAbstract":"Precipitation [P: mm] controls forest and woodland dynamics in the southwestern United States (SWUS) by altering soil moisture [θ: mm3 mm−3] availability, but the influence of P on θ is complex, varying across space and time. We evaluated seasonal P and θ relationships at shallow (0‐20 cm) and intermediate (50 cm) soil depths for 9 semiarid forest and woodland sites (56 total years), which comprised 3 elevation gradients in the SWUS. We developed time‐varying definitions of winter (snow accumulation), spring (moisture recharge), and summer (moisture deficit), and determined how these sites exhibited similar P influence on θ across depths in the soil profile, between seasons, and in seasons with above‐ and below‐average P. Higher elevation sites ( > 2800 m) experienced greater winter P, longer springs, and shorter summers compared to lower elevation sites ( < 2500 m). Seasons with above‐ and below‐average P reduced elevation‐associated differences. θ at 0‐20 cm was generally decoupled from θ at 50 cm in seasons with average and below‐average P, imparted by differences in spring and summer rainfall versus winter snowfall. Notably, across‐season influence of θ (e.g. a season's similarity to subsequent seasons) was high when the first season experienced above‐ or below‐average P, and the subsequent season experienced average P, illustrating an important temporal connection initiated by wet and dry conditions. These results illustrate similarities in P‐θ relationships across widely differing ecosystems in the SWUS, and elucidate how these relationships may be altered in a changing climate.
Refugial isolation during glaciation is an established driver of speciation; however, the opposing role of interglacial population expansion, secondary contact, and gene flow on the diversification process remains less understood. The consequences of glacial cycling on diversity are complex and especially so for archipelago species, which experience dramatic fluctuations in connectivity in response to both lower sea levels during glacial events and increased fragmentation during glacial recession. We test whether extended refugial isolation has led to the divergence of genetically and morphologically distinct species within Holarctic ermine (Mustela erminea), a small cosmopolitan carnivore species that harbours 34 extant subspecies, 14 of which are insular endemics.
Holarctic.
We use genetic sequences (complete mitochondrial genomes, four nuclear genes) from >100 ermine (stoats) and geometric morphometric data for >200 individuals (27 of the 34 extant subspecies) from across their Holarctic range to provide an integrative perspective on diversification and endemism across this complex landscape. Multiple species delimitation methods (iBPP, bPTP) assessed congruence between morphometric and genetic data.
Our results support the recognition of at least three species within the M. erminea complex, coincident with three of four genetic clades, tied to diversification in separate glacial refugia. We found substantial geographic variation within each species, with geometric morphometric results largely consistent with historical infraspecific taxonomy.
Phylogeographic structure mirrors patterns of diversification in other Holarctic species, with a major Nearctic‐Palearctic split, but with greater intraspecific morphological diversity. Recognition of insular endemic species M. haidarum is consistent with a deep history of refugial persistence and highlights the urgency of mindful management of island populations along North America's North Pacific Coast. Significant environmental modification (e.g. industrial‐scale logging, mining) has been proposed for a number of these islands, which may elevate the risk of extinction of insular palaeoendemics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13234","usgsCitation":"Colella, J.P., Frederick, L., Talbot, S.L., and Cook, J., 2021, Extrinsically reinforced hybrid speciation within Holarctic ermine (Mustela spp.) produces an insular endemic: Diversity and Distributions, v. 27, no. 4, p. 747-762, https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13234.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"747","endPage":"762","ipdsId":"IP-106752","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487317,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13234","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P97INKCG","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Sequence Information from the Mitogenome and Four Nuclear Genes from Holarctic Ermine (Mustela spp.)"},{"id":384376,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colella, Jocelyn P.","contributorId":190332,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colella","given":"Jocelyn","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":812151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frederick, Lindsey","contributorId":255345,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frederick","given":"Lindsey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18859,"text":"Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cook, Joe","contributorId":255346,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cook","given":"Joe","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18859,"text":"Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70222491,"text":"70222491 - 2021 - Time since burning and rainfall characteristics impact post-fire debris flow initiation and magnitude","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-30T13:00:46.620849","indexId":"70222491","displayToPublicDate":"2021-02-01T07:58:49","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9124,"text":"Environmental Engineering and Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time since burning and rainfall characteristics impact post-fire debris flow initiation and magnitude","docAbstract":"The extreme heat from wildfire alters soil properties and incinerates vegetation, leading to changes in infiltration capacity, ground cover, soil erodibility, and rainfall interception. These changes promote elevated rates of runoff and sediment transport that increase the likelihood of runoff-generated debris flows. Debris flows are most common in the year immediately following wildfire, but temporal changes in the likelihood and magnitude of debris flows following wildfire are not well constrained. In this study, we combine measurements of soil-hydraulic properties with vegetation survey data and numerical modeling to understand how debris-flow threats are likely to change in steep, burned watersheds during the first 3 years of recovery. We focus on documenting recovery following the 2016 Fish Fire in the San Gabriel Mountains, California, and demonstrate how a numerical model can be used to predict temporal changes in debris-flow properties and initiation thresholds. Numerical modeling suggests that the 15-minute intensity-duration (ID) threshold for debris flows in post-fire year 1 can vary from 15 to 30 mm/hr, depending on how rainfall is temporally distributed within a storm. Simulations further demonstrate that expected debris-flow volumes would be reduced by more than a factor of three following 1 year of recovery and that the 15-minute rainfall ID threshold would increase from 15 to 30 mm/hr to greater than 60 mm/hr by post-fire year 3. These results provide constraints on debris-flow thresholds within the San Gabriel Mountains and highlight the importance of considering local rainfall characteristics when using numerical models to assess debris-flow and flood potential.
Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), specifically estrogenic endocrine-disrupting compounds, vary in concentration and composition in surface waters under the influence of different landscape sources and landcover gradients. Estrogenic activity in surface waters may lead to adverse effects in aquatic species at both individual and population levels, often observed through the presence of intersex and vitellogenin induction in male fish. In the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, located on the mid-Atlantic coast of the USA, intersex has been observed in several sub-watersheds where previous studies have identified specific landscape sources of EDCs in tandem with observed fish health effects. Previous work in the Potomac River Watershed (PRW), the largest basin within the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, was leveraged to build random forest regression models to predict estrogenic activity at unsampled reaches in both the Potomac River and larger Chesapeake Bay Watersheds (CBW). Model outputs including important variables, partial dependence plots, and predicted values of estrogenic activity at unsampled reaches provide insight into drivers of estrogenic activity at different seasons and scales. Using the US Environmental Protection Agency effects-based threshold of 1.0 ng/L 17 β-estradiol equivalents, catchments predicted to exceed this value were categorized as at risk for adverse effects from exposure to estrogenic compounds and evaluated relative to healthy watersheds and recreation access locations throughout the PRW. Results show immediate catchment scale models are more reliable than upstream models, and the best predictive variables differ by season and scale. A small percentage of healthy watersheds (< 13%) and public access sites were classified as at risk using the “Total” (annual) model in the CBW. This study is the first Potomac River Watershed assessment of estrogenic activity, providing a new foundation for future risk assessment and management design efforts, with additional context provided for the entire Chesapeake Bay Watershed.
Leaf resorption is critical for considerations of how plants use and recycle nutrients, but fundamental unknowns remain regarding the controls over plant nutrient resorption. Empirical studies suggest at least three basic types of resorption control, including (i) stoichiometric control, (ii) nutrient limitation control, and (iii) nutrient concentration control strategies. However, which strategies are adopted in given conditions and whether multiple strategies coexist in an ecosystem are still open questions. To address these unknowns, leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) resorption efficiency (NRE and PRE) and proficiency were measured for seven woody species at a nutrient-rich but potentially N-limited secondary forest and a nutrient-poor and potentially P-limited secondary forest. NRE was higher in the N-limited forest while PRE was higher in the P-limited forest, suggesting that plants responded to nutrient limitation with preferential resorption of the more limiting nutrient. NRE:PRE was positively related to leaf N:P ratios within each forest, demonstrating a role for stoichiometric control. Nutrient concentration controls were also found, with higher nutrient resorption proficiency in the nutrient-poor forest than in the nutrient-rich forest. The controls of stoichiometry and nutrient concentration were community-wide, but the nutrient limitation control was species-specific. Our results highlight the coexistence of multiple nutrient resorption strategies in a single ecosystem, and suggest these strategies are scale-dependent.
As permafrost thaws in the Arctic, new subsurface pathways open for the transport of groundwater, energy, and solutes. We identify different ways that these subsurface changes are driving observed surface consequences, including the potential for increased contaminant transport, modification to water resources, and enhanced rates of infrastructure (e.g. buildings and roads) damage. Further, as permafrost thaws it allows groundwater to transport carbon, nutrients, and other dissolved constituents from terrestrial to aquatic environments via progressively deeper subsurface flow paths. Cryohydrogeology, the study of groundwater in cold regions, should be included in northern research initiatives to account for this hidden catalyst of environmental and societal change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Copernicus","doi":"10.5194/tc-15-479-2021","usgsCitation":"McKenzie, J.M., Kurylyk, B.L., Walvoord, M.A., Bense, V.F., Fortier, D., Spence, C., and Grenier, C., 2021, Invited perspective: What lies beneath a changing Arctic?: The Cryosphere, v. 15, p. 479-484, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-479-2021.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"479","endPage":"484","ipdsId":"IP-099776","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":453634,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-479-2021","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382873,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKenzie, Jeffrey M.","contributorId":176299,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKenzie","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kurylyk, Barret L.","contributorId":176296,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kurylyk","given":"Barret","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle A. 0000-0003-4269-8366","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":211843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bense, Victor F.","contributorId":248636,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bense","given":"Victor","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":37803,"text":"Wageningen University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fortier, Daniel","contributorId":194641,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fortier","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Spence, Chris","contributorId":248637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spence","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36681,"text":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Grenier, Christophe","contributorId":248640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grenier","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49963,"text":"Université Paris-Saclay","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70218232,"text":"70218232 - 2021 - Biological and chemical recovery of acidified Catskill Mountain streams in response to the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-19T17:52:29.548291","indexId":"70218232","displayToPublicDate":"2021-01-31T11:47:29","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biological and chemical recovery of acidified Catskill Mountain streams in response to the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990","docAbstract":"Decades of acidic deposition have adversely affected aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems in acid-sensitive watersheds in parts of the eastern United States. The national Acid Rain Program (Title IV of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments - CAAA) helped reduce emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) and resulted in sharp decreases in the acidity of atmospheric deposition. The decrease in acidic deposition produced a steady decline in the acidity of streams in many poorly buffered waters across the western Adirondacks and parts of the Catskill Mountains of New York. Until recently, however, there has been little evidence of biological recovery in most acid-sensitive streams in both regions. Long-term deposition and stream-chemistry records and fish-community data from quantitative surveys done during 1991–93 and again during 2012–19 at 13 sites in the upper Neversink River and its tributaries were evaluated to determine if chemical and biological recovery were evident in this Catskill Mountain watershed and if they could be linked to regional declines in acidic deposition. Between 1991 and 2019, large decreases in sulfate and nitrate deposition in the basin mirrored declines in total nationwide SO2 and NOx emissions. There were corresponding decreases in sulfate and nitrate concentrations in deposition at a National Trends Network station at Frost Valley (NY68) and coincident declines in sulfate concentrations at four long-term monitoring sites in the Neversink River watershed. Mean acid neutralizing capacity and pH increased and inorganic aluminum (Ali) concentrations from routine summertime samples decreased significantly at most moderately to severely acidified sites between the two study periods. Richness, density, and biomass of fish communities increased at most sites, while the density and biomass of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis populations increased at fewer sites that were undergoing chemical recovery. Although recovery is far from complete, trends in deposition chemistry, water quality, and fish assemblages in streams of the upper Neversink watershed indicate that the 1990 CAAA is having positive impacts on aquatic ecosystems in the Catskill Mountain region, New York.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118235","usgsCitation":"Baldigo, B.P., George, S.D., Winterhalter, D., and McHale, M., 2021, Biological and chemical recovery of acidified Catskill Mountain streams in response to the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990: Atmospheric Environment, v. 249, 118235, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118235.","productDescription":"118235, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-121887","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":453636,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118235","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":383377,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Neversink watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.63973999023438,\n 41.81175536180908\n ],\n [\n -74.53399658203125,\n 41.873139978873574\n ],\n [\n -74.4275665283203,\n 41.937019660425264\n ],\n [\n -74.33967590332031,\n 41.963064211132306\n ],\n [\n -74.28680419921875,\n 42.039094188385945\n ],\n [\n -74.34104919433594,\n 42.10382653879911\n ],\n [\n -74.40696716308594,\n 42.11859868281563\n ],\n [\n -74.45571899414062,\n 42.08395512413707\n ],\n [\n -74.62806701660156,\n 41.95080927751363\n ],\n [\n -74.70291137695312,\n 41.86700416724044\n ],\n [\n -74.67750549316406,\n 41.81021999190292\n ],\n [\n -74.63973999023438,\n 41.81175536180908\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"249","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119 bbaldigo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":1234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry","email":"bbaldigo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"George, Scott D. 0000-0002-8197-1866 sgeorge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8197-1866","contributorId":3014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"Scott","email":"sgeorge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winterhalter, Dylan R. 0000-0003-1774-8034","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1774-8034","contributorId":251765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winterhalter","given":"Dylan R.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McHale, Michael 0000-0003-3780-1816 mmchale@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3780-1816","contributorId":177292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHale","given":"Michael","email":"mmchale@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70228368,"text":"70228368 - 2021 - Nuclear eDNA estimates population allele frequencies and abundance in experimental mesocosms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T16:27:57.063348","indexId":"70228368","displayToPublicDate":"2021-01-31T10:16:08","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nuclear eDNA estimates population allele frequencies and abundance in experimental mesocosms","docAbstract":"Advances in environmental DNA (eDNA) methodologies have led to improvements in the ability to detect species and communities in aquatic environments, yet the majority of studies emphasize biological diversity at the species level by targeting variable sites within the mitochondrial genome. Here, we demonstrate that eDNA approaches also have the capacity to detect intraspecific diversity in the nuclear genome, allowing for assessments of population-level genetic diversity and estimates of the number of genetic contributors in a sample. Using a panel of microsatellite loci, we evaluated intraspecific genetic diversity in the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) using eDNA samples from experimental mesocosms. First, we tested the similarity between eDNA and individual tissue-based estimates of allele frequencies. Subsequently, we used a likelihood-based DNA mixture framework to estimate the number of unique genetic contributors in mesocosm eDNA samples and in simulated mixtures of alleles. Allele frequencies from eDNA accurately reflected allele frequencies from genotyped round goby tissue samples, indicating nuclear markers can be reliably amplified from water samples under controlled conditions. DNA mixture analyses were able to estimate the number of genetic contributors from eDNA samples and simulated mixtures of DNA from up to 58 individuals, with the degree of positive or negative bias dependent on the filtering scheme of low-frequency alleles. This study is the first to document the application of eDNA and multiple amplicon-based methods to obtain intraspecific nuclear genetic information and estimate the absolute abundance of a species in mesocosms. With proper validation, this approach has the potential to advance non-invasive survey methods to characterize populations and broadens the application of eDNA methodologies to inform population-level management objectives.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/mec.15765","usgsCitation":"Andres, K.J., Sethi, S., Lodge, D., and Andres, J., 2021, Nuclear eDNA estimates population allele frequencies and abundance in experimental mesocosms: Molecular Ecology, v. 30, no. 3, p. 685-697, https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.15765.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"685","endPage":"697","ipdsId":"IP-114574","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":453638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.15765","text":"External Repository"},{"id":395675,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Cayuga Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.87408447265625,\n 42.45588764197166\n ],\n [\n -76.42913818359375,\n 42.45588764197166\n ],\n [\n -76.42913818359375,\n 42.94234987312984\n ],\n [\n -76.87408447265625,\n 42.94234987312984\n ],\n [\n -76.87408447265625,\n 42.45588764197166\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-01-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andres, Kara J.","contributorId":275314,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Andres","given":"Kara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sethi, Suresh 0000-0002-0053-1827 ssethi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0053-1827","contributorId":191424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sethi","given":"Suresh","email":"ssethi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lodge, David M.","contributorId":275315,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lodge","given":"David M.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Andres, Jose","contributorId":275316,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Andres","given":"Jose","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70220439,"text":"70220439 - 2021 - Foreward: The paleoclimatic and paleobiogeographic significance of the Tjörnes Basin, Northern Iceland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-02T14:51:07.318247","indexId":"70220439","displayToPublicDate":"2021-01-31T09:50:54","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Foreward: The paleoclimatic and paleobiogeographic significance of the Tjörnes Basin, Northern Iceland","docAbstract":"Since the mid-19th century, geologists and paleontologists have recognized the scientific importance and unique nature of the richly fossiliferous sediments exposed along the Tjörnes Peninsula in Northern Iceland. In the following century and a half, Tjörnes has attracted the attention of an international “who’s who” in Cenozoic paleontology, as well as many paleoclimatologists unraveling the complex climatic history of the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans. In a seminal meeting, sponsored by the Royal Society of London in 1984, and published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, volume 318 (“The past three million years: evolution of climatic variability in the North Atlantic region”), an international group of experts addressed climatic history of the last 3 million years. Notably, one of the main invited participants was Iceland’s Dr. Thorleifur Einarsson, who literally wrote the book “Geology of Iceland” (1994, 1999), and was also known for his expertise in Tjörnes paleoclimatology. Einarsson’s key contribution was linking the marine history of Tjörnes to the rapidly growiing paleoclimate records from deep-sea marine sediment cores and improving chronology of climate evolution. This work was closely linked to the dating of Pliocene-Pleistocene glacial sediments and volcanics in Iceland and on Tjörnes in particular, based on paleomagnetic data and biostratigraphic work which was presented jointly with a group from the U.S. Geological Survey at the 1965 INQUA meeting in Boulder, Colorado.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pacific - Atlantic mollusc migration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","usgsCitation":"Cronin, T.M., 2021, Foreward: The paleoclimatic and paleobiogeographic significance of the Tjörnes Basin, Northern Iceland, chap. of Pacific - Atlantic mollusc migration, p. v-vi.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"v","endPage":"vi","ipdsId":"IP-120001","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386125,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":386124,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-59663-7"}],"country":"Iceland","otherGeospatial":"Tjornes Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -17.742919921875,\n 65.56754970214311\n ],\n [\n -16.402587890625,\n 65.56754970214311\n ],\n [\n -16.402587890625,\n 66.34191397701721\n ],\n [\n -17.742919921875,\n 66.34191397701721\n ],\n [\n -17.742919921875,\n 65.56754970214311\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, Thomas M. 0000-0002-2643-0979 tcronin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":2579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"Thomas","email":"tcronin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70217864,"text":"70217864 - 2021 - Home ranges and movements of two diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin macrospilota) in northwest Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-01T17:21:55.577233","indexId":"70217864","displayToPublicDate":"2021-01-31T07:46:55","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Home ranges and movements of two diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin macrospilota) in northwest Florida","title":"Home ranges and movements of two diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin macrospilota) in northwest Florida","docAbstract":"The diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) is a small estuarine turtle distributed along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of the USA that is threatened by drowning in crab pots, road mortality, exploitation in the pet trade, and habitat loss. Little is known about the movement patterns and home ranges of these turtles, particularly along the U.S. Gulf of Mexico coast. Satellite tags were deployed on two adult female terrapins captured at two distinct sites in Northwest Florida. A first-difference correlated random walk approach was used to determine distances traveled and estimate home range for each individual. The two terrapins were tracked for 146 and 147 days, and the total distance traveled for each terrapin was 70.1 km and 723.0 km, respectively. The maximum distance moved from capture location was 11.3 km and 49.6 km. Home ranges here were much larger than those previously reported in other studies. The movements we documented were greater than expected and indicate habitat protection for this species may need to be expanded to incorporate more distant foraging sites.
Although many of the algorithms now considered to be machine learning algorithms (MLAs) have existed for nearly a century (e.g., Rosenblatt 1958), interest in MLAs has recently increased exponentially for solving data-driven problems across a variety of fields due to the expanded availability of large, complex datasets that may be difficult to interrogate using other methods, increases in computing power, and a growing library of easily implemented machine learning tools. While MLAs are often similar to statistical methods, there are key differences in the approach to problem solving. Namely, statistical methods are more concerned with generating informative models from “long” data (i.e., many more observations than explanatory variables), whereas MLAs are typically concerned with generating accurate predictions from “wide” data (i.e., a large number of variables with relatively fewer observations, Bzdok et al. 2018). In hydrogeologic studies, such wide datasets may be available from boreholes, where various types of geophysical, geochemical, and lithological information may exist. Borehole datasets are therefore a tempting target for MLAs to reveal hidden relations among gathered data and parameters of interest (e.g., contaminant concentration), and as a method of parameter reduction (e.g., reduce costs by collecting fewer datasets).
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13081","usgsCitation":"Terry, N., Johnson, C., Day-Lewis, F., Parker, B.L., and Slater, L., 2021, Beware of spatial autocorrelation when applying machine learning algorithms to borehole geophysical logs: Groundwater, v. 59, no. 3, p. 315-319, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.13081.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"319","ipdsId":"IP-124633","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9TN8EC4","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Selected borehole geophysical logs from three contaminant sites in California, Wisconsin, and New Jersey"},{"id":386259,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Terry, Neil 0000-0002-3965-340X nterry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3965-340X","contributorId":192554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terry","given":"Neil","email":"nterry@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":817055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Carole D. 0000-0001-6941-1578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-1578","contributorId":245365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Carole D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":817056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick 0000-0003-3526-886X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":216359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":817057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parker, Beth L.","contributorId":209230,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parker","given":"Beth","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Slater, Lee D. 0000-0003-0292-746X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0292-746X","contributorId":192555,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slater","given":"Lee D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70249479,"text":"70249479 - 2021 - Volcanic seismicity beneath Chuginadak Island, Alaska (Cleveland and Tana volcanoes): Implications for magma dynamics and eruption forecasting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-10T14:16:37.55892","indexId":"70249479","displayToPublicDate":"2021-01-30T09:10:29","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanic seismicity beneath Chuginadak Island, Alaska (Cleveland and Tana volcanoes): Implications for magma dynamics and eruption forecasting","docAbstract":"Cleveland and Tana are remote volcanoes located in the central Aleutian volcanic arc on the eastern end of the Islands of Four Mountains (IFM). The persistently active Mount Cleveland volcano, on the western side of Chuginadak Island, is surrounded by several closely spaced Quaternary volcanic centers including Carlisle, Herbert, Kagamil, Tana, and Uliaga, and numerous small satellite vents on Chiginadak between Cleveland and Tana. The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) installed two permanent broadband seismometers on Chuginadak Island in 2014, and we operated a temporary broadband network focused on the western side of the island in 2015–2016. Collectively, these stations provided the first seismic observations of this frequently active volcano and the surrounding Holocene-aged volcanic vents. During the study period (July 2014–January 2019), eruptive activity at Cleveland was characterized by small explosions separated by periods of lava effusion that formed small domes in the volcano's summit crater. We characterize seismicity beneath Chuginadak Island through automated analysis of event waveform frequency content, development of a one-dimensional P-wave velocity model, calculation of earthquake hypocenters, magnitudes, focal mechanisms, and identification of earthquake families. This analysis reveals the full range of seismic event types expected in a highly active volcanic environment and includes Volcano-Tectonic (VT) earthquakes, Long-Period (LP) events, and explosion signals. LP events appear to cluster at shallow depth beneath the active crater of Mount Cleveland and almost all of the explosions occur without identifiable short-term (hours to days) seismic precursors. VT earthquakes beneath Mount Cleveland occur at depths of 2 to 8 km below sea level (BSL) and range in magnitude from −0.2 to 1.8. VT focal mechanisms have horizontal P-axes that align with the regional axis of maximum stress. These observations, and a relatively slow one-dimensional seismic velocity model, are consistent with a shallow body of magma that is fed through a deeper conduit system. The time-history of VT earthquakes and shallow LP events suggest their occurrence may track the transfer of magma and fluids from the mid-crust to the shallow portions of the conduit system and may provide a means to anticipate future explosions and periods of dome growth. VT hypocenters also extend ~7 km northeast of Cleveland's summit at depths of 5 to 10 km BSL, under a group of Holocene-aged vents between Mount Cleveland and Tana. These earthquakes have vertically-oriented P-axes and a greater percentage occur in families. These observations, combined with observations of vent orientation and morphology and gas flux, suggest the area between Cleveland and Tana represents a zone of complicated volcano-tectonic interaction, similar to calderas elsewhere in the Aleutian arc. The presence of a larger volcanic system in the eastern IFM could influence magmatism and account for the multiple closely spaced volcanic centers in this region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107182","usgsCitation":"Power, J., Roman, D., Lyons, J.J., Haney, M.M., Rasmussen, D.J., Plank, T., Nicolaysen, K., Izbekov, P., Werner, C., and Kaufman, A., 2021, Volcanic seismicity beneath Chuginadak Island, Alaska (Cleveland and Tana volcanoes): Implications for magma dynamics and eruption forecasting: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 412, 107182, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107182.","productDescription":"107182, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-121823","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":453641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107182","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":421816,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Chuginadak Island, Cleveland Volcano, Tana Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -169.65098413866693,\n 52.904805932105404\n ],\n [\n -169.83106863712771,\n 52.8971644246661\n ],\n [\n -170.01036155537554,\n 52.86086066337441\n ],\n [\n -170.01669419707966,\n 52.78767701983992\n ],\n [\n -169.66364942207514,\n 52.76373370379605\n ],\n [\n -169.65098413866693,\n 52.904805932105404\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"412","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Power, John 0000-0002-7233-4398","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-4398","contributorId":215240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":885873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roman, Diana","contributorId":237832,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roman","given":"Diana","affiliations":[{"id":47620,"text":"Dept. of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington DC 20015","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lyons, John J. 0000-0001-5409-1698 jlyons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5409-1698","contributorId":5394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"John","email":"jlyons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":885875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haney, Matthew M. 0000-0003-3317-7884 mhaney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3317-7884","contributorId":172948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"Matthew","email":"mhaney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":885876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rasmussen, Daniel J.","contributorId":237828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":47619,"text":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Plank, Terry","contributorId":237829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plank","given":"Terry","affiliations":[{"id":47619,"text":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nicolaysen, K. 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Within the present-day Mars climate, wind and frost/ice are the dominant drivers, resulting in large avalanches of material down icy, rocky, or sandy slopes; sediment transport leading to many scales of aeolian bedforms and erosion; pits of various forms and patterned ground; and substrate material carved out from under subliming ice slabs. Due to the ability to collect correlated observations of surface activity and new landforms with relevant environmental conditions with spacecraft on or around Mars, studies of martian geomorphologic activity are uniquely positioned to directly test surface-atmosphere interaction and landform formation/evolution models outside of Earth. In this paper, we outline currently observed and interpreted surface activity occurring within the modern Mars environment, and tie this activity to wind, seasonal surface CO2 frost/ice, sublimation of subsurface water ice, and/or gravity drivers. Open questions regarding these processes are outlined, and then measurements needed for answering these questions are identified. In the final sections, we discuss how many of these martian processes and landforms may provide useful analogs for conditions and processes active on other planetary surfaces, with an emphasis on those that stretch the bounds of terrestrial-based models or that lack terrestrial analogs. In these ways, modern Mars presents a natural and powerful comparative planetology base case for studies of Solar System surface processes, beyond or instead of Earth.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2021.107627","usgsCitation":"Diniega, S., Bramson, A.M., Buratti, B.J., Buhler, P., Burr, D., Chojnacki, M., Conway, S.J., Dundas, C.M., Hansen, C.J., McEwen, A.S., Lapotre, M.G., Levy, J.S., McKeown, L., Piqueux, S., Portyankina, G., Swann, C., Titus, T.N., and Widmer, J., 2021, Modern Mars' geomorphological activity, driven by wind, frost, and gravity: Geomorphology, v. 380, 107627, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2021.107627.","productDescription":"107627, 43 p.","ipdsId":"IP-121082","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":453646,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://hal.science/hal-03186543","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385915,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"380","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diniega, Serina","contributorId":212017,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Diniega","given":"Serina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36276,"text":"JPL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bramson, Ali M 0000-0003-4903-0916","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4903-0916","contributorId":201618,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bramson","given":"Ali","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":27205,"text":"U. 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Remote sensing-based methods are often used for synoptic and frequent monitoring of CyanoHABs. In this study, one such algorithm – a sub-component of the Cyanobacteria Index called the CIcyano, was validated for effectiveness in identifying lakes with toxin-producing blooms in 11 states across the contiguous United States over 11 bloom seasons (2005–2011, 2016–2019). A matchup data set was created using satellite data from MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) and Ocean Land Colour Imager (OLCI), and nearshore, field-measured Microcystins (MCs) data as a proxy of CyanoHAB presence. While the satellite sensors cannot detect toxins, MCs are used as the indicator of health risk, and as a confirmation of cyanoHAB presence. MCs are also the most common laboratory measurement made by managers during CyanoHABs. Algorithm performance was evaluated by its ability to detect CyanoHAB ‘Presence’ or ‘Absence’, where the bloom is confirmed by the presence of the MCs. With same-day matchups, the overall accuracy of CyanoHAB detection was found to be 84% with precision and recall of 87 and 90% for bloom detection. Overall accuracy was expected to be between 77% and 87% (95% confidence) based on a bootstrapping simulation. These findings demonstrate that CIcyano has utility for synoptic and routine monitoring of potentially toxic cyanoHABs in lakes across the United States.
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For example, many studies of forestry–stream interactions in the Pacific Northwest have focused solely on the most prevalent species: Coastal cutthroat trout. To examine the potential for interactions of other fishes with coastal cutthroat trout, we conducted an analysis of 281 sites in low order streams located on Washington’s Olympic Peninsula and along the central Oregon coast. Coastal cutthroat trout and juvenile coho salmon were the most commonly found salmonid species within these streams and exhibited positive associations with each other for both presence and density. Steelhead were negatively associated with the presence of coastal cutthroat trout as well as with coho salmon and sculpins (Cottidae). Coastal cutthroat trout most frequently shared streams with juvenile coho salmon. 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