Over a two-year period (2010–2011), in-place measurements were made and water-quality samples were collected from 122 lakes in the Yukon Flats, Alaska, during a U.S. Geological Survey lake biological diversity inventory. The U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program performed the chemical analyses on the retrieved water-quality samples. Results from the analyses of water samples for dissolved carbon gases and carbon isotopes, hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes, dissolved organic carbon, and major cations and anions, along with supporting site data, are presented in this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141181","usgsCitation":"Halm, D.R., and Griffith, B., 2014, Water-quality data from lakes in the Yukon Flats, Alaska, 2010-2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1181, Report: v, 6 p.; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141181.","productDescription":"Report: v, 6 p.; Tables","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-057393","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296282,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141181.jpg"},{"id":296275,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1181/"},{"id":296280,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1181/pdf/ofr14-1181.pdf","size":"1.81 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296281,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1181/pdf/OFR14-1181_tables.xlsx","text":"Tables 1-7","size":"105 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon Flats","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -151.3916015625,\n 65.83877570688918\n ],\n [\n -151.3916015625,\n 67.62595438857817\n ],\n [\n -144.2724609375,\n 67.62595438857817\n ],\n [\n -144.2724609375,\n 65.83877570688918\n ],\n [\n -151.3916015625,\n 65.83877570688918\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54759a1ee4b042f27ef134fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halm, Douglas R. drhalm@usgs.gov","contributorId":1635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halm","given":"Douglas","email":"drhalm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffith, Brad 0000-0001-8698-6859","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8698-6859","contributorId":82571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"Brad","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":108,"text":"Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70129347,"text":"sir20145204 - 2014 - Sources, transport, and trends for selected trace metals and nutrients in the Coeur d'Alene and Spokane River Basins, Idaho, 1990-2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-24T13:48:06","indexId":"sir20145204","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-24T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5204","title":"Sources, transport, and trends for selected trace metals and nutrients in the Coeur d'Alene and Spokane River Basins, Idaho, 1990-2013","docAbstract":"Data collected at 18 streamflow-gaging and water-quality sampling sites in the Coeur d’Alene and Spokane River Basins of northern Idaho were used to estimate mean streamflow‑weighted concentrations and annual loads of total and dissolved cadmium, lead, and zinc, and total phosphorus (TP) and nitrogen (TN) for water years (WYs) 2009–13. Chronic Ambient Water Quality Criteria (AWQC) and AWQC ratios also were calculated to evaluate Idaho aquatic life criteria for chronic exposure to cadmium and zinc in streams. At four sites with a longer period of record, a Seasonal Kendall trend test was used to assess historical trends in the concentrations of total cadmium, lead, and zinc, and chronic AWQC ratios for cadmium and zinc during WYs 1990–2013.
\n\n
Concentrations of dissolved and total cadmium, lead, and zinc varied widely both at and among sites. At most sites, dissolved cadmium and zinc constituted most of the total concentrations; dissolved lead generally constituted less than 10 percent of the total lead concentration. Trace metal concentrations increased by 2 to 4 orders of magnitude along the South Fork Coeur d’Alene River (SFCDR) from near Mullan (site 2) downstream to near Pinehurst (site 13). The mean streamflow-weighted concentrations of total cadmium, lead, and zinc in the SFCDR near Pinehurst for WYs 2009–13 were 3.71, 61.4, and 514 micrograms per liter (μg/L), respectively. In the Coeur d’Alene River (CDR) near Harrison (site 15), downstream of the confluence of the metal-enriched SFCDR and the relatively dilute North Fork Coeur d’Alene River (NFCDR), the mean streamflow-weighted concentrations of total cadmium, lead, and zinc were 1.58, 125, and 236 μg/L, respectively. Trace‑metal concentrations were smaller in the Spokane River than in the CDR because of dilution and retention of trace metals in Coeur d’Alene Lake. The mean streamflow-weighted concentrations of total cadmium, lead, and zinc in the Spokane River near Post Falls (site 18) were 0.231, 2.91, and 48.9 μg/L, respectively.
\n\n
AWQC ratios indicate that cadmium and zinc concentrations met the chronic criteria (ratio of less than 1.0) for the protection of aquatic life at only three sites: the NFCDR at Enaville (site 1), the upper SFCDR near Mullan (site 2), and the St. Joe River near St. Maries (site 16). Cadmium and zinc concentrations at sites on the Spokane River (sites 17 and 18) generally were close to the chronic AWQC values. The sites with the largest chronic AWQC ratios in the Coeur d’Alene and Spokane River Basins for both cadmium and zinc were in the Canyon and Ninemile Creek basins (sites 3–6).
\n\n
Concentrations of TP and TN generally were low along the SFCDR downstream to Kellogg. From the SFCDR near Kellogg (site 9) downstream to the SFCDR above Pine Creek (site 11), the mean streamflow-weighted concentration of the nutrients TP and TN increased by 0.036 milligram per liter (mg/L) (200 percent) and 0.124 mg/L (78 percent), respectively. The increases in nutrient concentrations along the SFCDR likely are in response to discharge from wastewater‑treatment facilities. Mean streamflow-weighted concentrations for TP and TN (0.054 and 0.284 mg/L, respectively) were the highest in the sampling network in the SFCDR above Pine Creek (site 11).
\n\n
LOADEST modeling was used to relate mass transport, or load, of trace metals and nutrients to variations in streamflow and time. Results indicate that most of the cadmium and zinc load in the Coeur d’Alene and Spokane Rivers is derived from the SFCDR, and that most of the lead load is derived from the Coeur d’Alene River downstream of the confluence of the NFCDR and SFCDR. Major tributary sources of trace metals to the SFCDR are Canyon Creek and Ninemile Creek. Combined, these two tributaries contributed estimated mean loads of about 0.575 ton per year (ton/yr) of total cadmium, 5.29 ton/yr of total lead, and 90.9 ton/yr of total zinc to the SFCDR during WYs 2009–13. Groundwater discharge and tributaries near the Central Impoundment Area between SFCDR near Kellogg (site 9) and SFCDR near Smelterville (site 10) were other primary sources of cadmium and zinc. Combined, these sources contributed an estimated 1.39 ton/yr of total cadmium and 143 ton/yr of total zinc to the SFCDR during WYs 2009–13.
\n\n
Erosion and transport of sediment-bound lead contained in the CDR flood plain and on the river bottom between Cataldo (site 14) and Harrison (site 15) were the primary source of lead. During WYs 2009–13, the mean load of trace metals delivered to Coeur d’Alene Lake included about 4.66 ton/yr of total cadmium, 398 ton/yr of total lead, and 698 ton/yr of total zinc. About 99 percent of the trace-metal load to the lake was from the CDR as measured near site 15 at Harrison. During WYs 2009–13, about 1.48 ton/yr of cadmium, 18 ton/yr of lead, and 350 ton/yr of zinc were transported from Coeur d’Alene Lake into the Spokane River as measured at the lake outlet (site 17).
\n\n
During WYs 2009–13, the loads of TP and TN delivered from the Coeur d’Alene and St. Joe Rivers to Coeur d’Alene Lake were about equivalent. On average, the CDR transported about 93.6 tons of TP and 369 tons of TN, and the St. Joe River transported about 92.9 tons of TP and 360 tons of TN to the lake during 2009–13. About 52.9 ton/yr of TP and 628 ton/yr of TN were transported from Coeur d’Alene Lake to the Spokane River during WYs 2009–13.
\nResults from Seasonal Kendall trend tests indicate statistically significant downward temporal trends during WYs 1990–2013 for total cadmium, lead, zinc, and chronic AWQC ratios of cadmium and zinc in the SFCDR at Elizabeth Park (site 8) and near Pinehurst (site 13), and in the CDR near Harrison (site 15). Statistically significant downward temporal trends for total lead, zinc, and the chronic AWQC ratio of zinc also occurred in the Spokane River near Post Falls (site 18) during WYs 1991–2013. Seasonal Kendall trend tests for WYs 2003–13 indicated statistically significant downward trends for total cadmium, zinc, and chronic AWQC ratios of cadmium and zinc in the SFCDR at Elizabeth Park (site 8). The Spokane River near Post Falls (site 18) had a statistically significant downward trend for total zinc during WYs 2003–13, and a significant upward trend for the chronic AWQC ratio of cadmium. No significant trends were found in trace-metal concentrations or chronic AWQC ratios in the SFCDR near Pinehurst (site 13) and the CDR near Harrison (site 15) during WYs 2003–13.
\n\n
Results from this study indicate that remedial activities conducted since the 1990s have been successful in reducing the concentrations and loads of trace metals in streams and rivers in the Coeur d’Alene and Spokane River Basins. Soils, sediment, surface water, and groundwater in areas of the Coeur d’Alene and Spokane River Basins are contaminated, and the hydrological relations between these media are complex and difficult to characterize. Trace metals have variable source areas, are transported differently depending on hydrologic conditions, and behave differently in response to remedial activities in upstream basins. Based on these findings, no single remedial action would be completely effective in reducing all trace metals to nontoxic concentrations throughout the Coeur d’Alene and Spokane River Basins. Instead, unique cleanup activities targeted at specific media and specific source areas may be necessary to achieve long-term water-quality goals.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145204","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Clark, G.M., and Mebane, C.A., 2014, Sources, transport, and trends for selected trace metals and nutrients in the Coeur d'Alene and Spokane River Basins, Idaho, 1990-2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5204, vii, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145204.","productDescription":"vii, 61 p.","numberOfPages":"74","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1989-10-01","temporalEnd":"2013-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-050784","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296269,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145204.jpg"},{"id":296267,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5204/pdf/sir2014-5204.pdf","size":"3.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":296256,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5204/"}],"projection":"USA Contiguous Albers Equal Area Conic USGS version","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Coeur d'Alene River Basin, Spokane River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.1142578125,\n 47.20837421346631\n ],\n [\n -117.1142578125,\n 47.82790816919327\n ],\n [\n -115.31249999999999,\n 47.82790816919327\n ],\n [\n -115.31249999999999,\n 47.20837421346631\n ],\n [\n -117.1142578125,\n 47.20837421346631\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"547ae02be4b0da0a54dbb623","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Gregory M. gmclark@usgs.gov","contributorId":1377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Gregory","email":"gmclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mebane, Christopher A. 0000-0002-9089-0267 cmebane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9089-0267","contributorId":110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mebane","given":"Christopher","email":"cmebane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70133695,"text":"70133695 - 2014 - A new analysis of Mars \"Special Regions\": findings of the Second MEPAG Special Regions Science Analysis Group (SR-SAG2)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-21T11:13:28","indexId":"70133695","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-20T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":912,"text":"Astrobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new analysis of Mars \"Special Regions\": findings of the Second MEPAG Special Regions Science Analysis Group (SR-SAG2)","docAbstract":"A committee of the Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group (MEPAG) has reviewed and updated the description of Special Regions on Mars as places where terrestrial organisms might replicate (per the COSPAR Planetary Protection Policy). 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The SR-SAG2 analysis has included an examination of new Mars models relevant to natural environmental variation in water activity and temperature; a review and reconsideration of the current parameters used to define Special Regions; and updated maps and descriptions of the martian environments recommended for treatment as \"Uncertain\" or \"Special\" as natural features or those potentially formed by the influence of future landed spacecraft. Significant changes in our knowledge of the capabilities of terrestrial organisms and the existence of possibly habitable martian environments have led to a new appreciation of where Mars Special Regions may be identified and protected. The SR-SAG also considered the impact of Special Regions on potential future human missions to Mars, both as locations of potential resources and as places that should not be inadvertently contaminated by human activity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","doi":"10.1089/ast.2014.1227","usgsCitation":"Rummel, J.D., Beaty, D.W., Jones, M., Bakermans, C., Barlow, N.G., Boston, P.J., Chevrier, V.F., Clark, B., de Vera, J.P., Gough, R.V., Hallsworth, J.E., Head, J.W., Hipkin, V.J., Kieft, T.L., McEwen, A.S., Mellon, M.T., Mikucki, J.A., Nicholson, W.L., Omelon, C.R., Peterson, R., Roden, E.E., Lollar, B.S., Tanaka, K.L., Viola, D., and Wray, J.J., 2014, A new analysis of Mars \"Special Regions\": findings of the Second MEPAG Special Regions Science Analysis Group (SR-SAG2): Astrobiology, v. 14, no. 11, p. 887-968, https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2014.1227.","productDescription":"82 p.","startPage":"887","endPage":"968","numberOfPages":"82","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058804","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science 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New techniques have been developed to survey for species that are difficult to capture with conventional gears that involve the detection of their DNA in water samples (eDNA). This technique is currently used to track the invasion of bigheaded carps (silver carp and bighead carp; Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and H. nobilis) in the Chicago Area Waterway System and Upper Mississippi River. In both systems DNA has been detected from silver carp without the capture of a live fish, which has led to some uncertainty about the source of the DNA. The potential contribution to eDNA by vectors and fomites has not been explored. Because barges move from areas with a high abundance of bigheaded carps to areas monitored for the potential presence of silver carp, we used juvenile silver carp to simulate the barge transport of dead bigheaded carp carcasses, slime residue, and predator feces to determine the potential of these sources to supply DNA to uninhabited waters where it could be detected and misinterpreted as indicative of the presence of live bigheaded carp. Our results indicate that all three vectors are feasible sources of detectable eDNA for at least one month after their deposition. This suggests that current monitoring programs must consider alternative vectors of DNA in the environment and consider alternative strategies to minimize the detection of DNA not directly released from live bigheaded carps.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0113346","usgsCitation":"Merkes, C., McCalla, S., Jensen, N.R., Gaikowski, M.P., and Amberg, J., 2014, Persistence of DNA in carcasses, slime and avian feces may affect interpretation of environmental DNA data: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 11, e113346; 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0113346.","productDescription":"e113346; 7 p.","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058016","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472633,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0113346","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296222,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546f10f5e4b057be23d4a799","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merkes, Christopher M. cmerkes@usgs.gov","contributorId":5620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merkes","given":"Christopher M.","email":"cmerkes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCalla, S. Grace smccalla@usgs.gov","contributorId":4897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCalla","given":"S. Grace","email":"smccalla@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jensen, Nathan R. njensen@usgs.gov","contributorId":3911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"Nathan","email":"njensen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gaikowski, Mark P. 0000-0002-6507-9341 mgaikowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6507-9341","contributorId":796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaikowski","given":"Mark","email":"mgaikowski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Amberg, Jon J. jamberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amberg","given":"Jon J.","email":"jamberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70133836,"text":"70133836 - 2014 - From streets to streams: assessing the toxicity potential in urban sediment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-19T15:14:03","indexId":"70133836","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-19T16:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2006,"text":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"From streets to streams: assessing the toxicity potential in urban sediment","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"SETAC","doi":"10.1002/ieam.1542","usgsCitation":"Selbig, W.R., 2014, From streets to streams: assessing the toxicity potential in urban sediment: Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, v. 10, no. 3, p. 474-475, https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.1542.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"474","endPage":"475","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054866","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296217,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546db11de4b0fc7976bf1e2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Selbig, William R. 0000-0003-1403-8280 wrselbig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1403-8280","contributorId":877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selbig","given":"William","email":"wrselbig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70133657,"text":"70133657 - 2014 - Uncertainty analysis of a groundwater flow model in east-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-05T10:39:49","indexId":"70133657","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-19T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uncertainty analysis of a groundwater flow model in east-central Florida","docAbstract":"A groundwater flow model for east-central Florida has been developed to help water-resource managers assess the impact of increased groundwater withdrawals from the Floridan aquifer system on heads and spring flows originating from the Upper Floridan aquifer. The model provides a probabilistic description of predictions of interest to water-resource managers, given the uncertainty associated with system heterogeneity, the large number of input parameters, and a nonunique groundwater flow solution. The uncertainty associated with these predictions can then be considered in decisions with which the model has been designed to assist. The “Null Space Monte Carlo” method is a stochastic probabilistic approach used to generate a suite of several hundred parameter field realizations, each maintaining the model in a calibrated state, and each considered to be hydrogeologically plausible. The results presented herein indicate that the model’s capacity to predict changes in heads or spring flows that originate from increased groundwater withdrawals is considerably greater than its capacity to predict the absolute magnitudes of heads or spring flows. Furthermore, the capacity of the model to make predictions that are similar in location and in type to those in the calibration dataset exceeds its capacity to make predictions of different types at different locations. The quantification of these outcomes allows defensible use of the modeling process in support of future water-resources decisions. The model allows the decision-making process to recognize the uncertainties, and the spatial/temporal variability of uncertainties that are associated with predictions of future system behavior in a complex hydrogeological context.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Ground Water Association","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12232","usgsCitation":"Sepulveda, N., and Doherty, J.E., 2014, Uncertainty analysis of a groundwater flow model in east-central Florida: Groundwater, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12232.","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050416","costCenters":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296204,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Lake County, Orange County, Osceola County, Polk County, Seminole County","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546db11fe4b0fc7976bf1e4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sepulveda, Nicasio 0000-0002-6333-1865 nsepul@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6333-1865","contributorId":1454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"Nicasio","email":"nsepul@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doherty, John E.","contributorId":8817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doherty","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7046,"text":"Watermark Numerical Computing","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70129826,"text":"sir20145175 - 2014 - Basin-scale simulation of current and potential climate changed hydrologic conditions in the Lake Michigan Basin, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-14T10:22:57","indexId":"sir20145175","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-19T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5175","title":"Basin-scale simulation of current and potential climate changed hydrologic conditions in the Lake Michigan Basin, United States","docAbstract":"The Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) is the largest public investment in the Great Lakes in two decades. A task force of 11 Federal agencies developed an action plan to implement the initiative. The U.S. Department of the Interior was one of the 11 agencies that entered into an interagency agreement with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as part of the GLRI to complete scientific projects throughout the Great Lakes basin. The U.S. Geological Survey, a bureau within the Department of the Interior, is involved in the GLRI to provide scientific support to management decisions as well as measure progress of the Great Lakes basin restoration efforts. This report presents basin-scale simulated current and forecast climatic and hydrologic conditions in the Lake Michigan Basin. The forecasts were obtained by constructing and calibrating a Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) model of the Lake Michigan Basin; the PRMS model was calibrated using the parameter estimation and uncertainty analysis (PEST) software suite. The calibrated model was used to evaluate potential responses to climate change by using four simulated carbon emission scenarios from eight general circulation models released by the World Climate Research Programme’s Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3. Statistically downscaled datasets of these scenarios were used to project hydrologic response for the Lake Michigan Basin. In general, most of the observation sites in the Lake Michigan Basin indicated slight increases in annual streamflow in response to future climate change scenarios. Monthly streamflows indicated a general shift from the current (2014) winter-storage/snowmelt-pulse system to a system with a more equally distributed hydrograph throughout the year. Simulated soil moisture within the basin illustrates that conditions within the basin are also expected to change on a monthly timescale. One effect of increasing air temperature as a result of the changing climate was the appreciable increase in the length of the growing season in the Lake Michigan Basin. The increase in growing season will cause an increase in evapotranspiration across the Lake Michigan Basin, which will directly affect soil moisture and late growing season streamflows. Output from the Lake Michigan Basin PRMS model is available through an online dynamic web mapping service available at (http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5175/). The map service includes layers for the each of the 8 global climate models and 4 carbon emission scenarios combinations for 12 hydrologic model state variables. The layers are pre-rendered maps of annual hydrologic response from 1977 through 2099 that provide an easily accessible online method to examine climate change effects across the Lake Michigan Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145175","usgsCitation":"Christiansen, D.E., Walker, J.F., and Hunt, R.J., 2014, Basin-scale simulation of current and potential climate changed hydrologic conditions in the Lake Michigan Basin, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5175, Report: vi, 74 p.; 5 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145175.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 74 p.; 5 Appendices","numberOfPages":"86","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-032245","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296202,"rank":8,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145175.jpg"},{"id":296197,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5175/downloads/appendix_1.pdf","text":"Appendix 1","size":"4.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296198,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5175/downloads/appendix_2.pdf","text":"Appendix 2","size":"370 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296199,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5175/downloads/appendix_3.pdf","text":"Appendix 3","size":"840 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296196,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5175/pdf/sir2014-5175.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296200,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5175/downloads/appendix_4.pdf","text":"Appendix 4","size":"358 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":297767,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5175/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":296201,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5175/downloads/appendix_5.pdf","text":"Appendix 5","size":"357 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546db11ce4b0fc7976bf1e21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christiansen, Daniel E. 0000-0001-6108-2247 dechrist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6108-2247","contributorId":366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"Daniel","email":"dechrist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, John F. jfwalker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"John","email":"jfwalker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70157429,"text":"70157429 - 2014 - Response to comment on “PAH concentrations in lake sediment decline following ban on coal-tar-based pavement sealants in Austin, Texas”","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-23T09:57:24","indexId":"70157429","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-19T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response to comment on “PAH concentrations in lake sediment decline following ban on coal-tar-based pavement sealants in Austin, Texas”","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Easton, PA","doi":"10.1021/es5053107","usgsCitation":"Van Metre, P., and Mahler, B., 2014, Response to comment on “PAH concentrations in lake sediment decline following ban on coal-tar-based pavement sealants in Austin, Texas”: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 48, p. 14063-14064, https://doi.org/10.1021/es5053107.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"14063","endPage":"14064","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060771","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308421,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5603cd59e4b03bc34f544b39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C. pcvanmet@usgs.gov","contributorId":486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter C.","email":"pcvanmet@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahler, Barbara 0000-0002-9150-9552 bjmahler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9150-9552","contributorId":1249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"Barbara","email":"bjmahler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70133832,"text":"70133832 - 2014 - Exploring the long-term balance between net precipitation and net groundwater exchange in Florida seepage lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-12T15:08:12","indexId":"70133832","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-19T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exploring the long-term balance between net precipitation and net groundwater exchange in Florida seepage lakes","docAbstract":"The long-term balance between net precipitation and net groundwater exchange that maintains thousands of seepage lakes in Florida’s karst terrain is explored at a representative lake basin and then regionally for the State’s peninsular lake district. The 15-year water budget of Lake Starr includes El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-related extremes in rainfall, and provides the longest record of Bowen ratio energy-budget (BREB) lake evaporation and lake-groundwater exchanges in the southeastern United States. Negative net precipitation averaging -25 cm/yr at Lake Starr overturns the previously-held conclusion that lakes in this region receive surplus net precipitation. Net groundwater exchange with the lake was positive on average but too small to balance the net precipitation deficit. Groundwater pumping effects and surface-water withdrawals from the lake widened the imbalance. Satellite-based regional estimates of potential evapotranspiration at five large lakes in peninsular Florida compared well with basin-scale evaporation measurements from seven open-water sites that used BREB methods. The regional average lake evaporation estimated for Lake Starr during 1996-2011 was within 5 percent of its measured average, and regional net precipitation agreed within 10 percent. Regional net precipitation to lakes was negative throughout central peninsular Florida and the net precipitation deficit increased by about 20 cm from north to south. Results indicate that seepage lakes farther south on the peninsula receive greater net groundwater inflow than northern lakes and imply that northern lakes are in comparatively leakier hydrogeologic settings. Findings reveal the peninsular lake district to be more vulnerable than was previously realized to drier climate, surface-water withdrawals from lakes, and groundwater pumping effects.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.04.009","collaboration":"Southwest Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Lee, T.M., Sacks, L.A., and Swancar, A., 2014, Exploring the long-term balance between net precipitation and net groundwater exchange in Florida seepage lakes: Journal of Hydrology, v. 519, no. Part D, p. 3054-3068, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.04.009.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"3054","endPage":"3068","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-012956","costCenters":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.04.009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296195,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Lake Starr","volume":"519","issue":"Part D","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546db11de4b0fc7976bf1e27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Terrie M. tmlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":2461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Terrie","email":"tmlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":525455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sacks, Laura A.","contributorId":19134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sacks","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swancar, Amy aswancar@usgs.gov","contributorId":450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swancar","given":"Amy","email":"aswancar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70133712,"text":"ofr20141228 - 2014 - Population viability and connectivity of the Louisiana black bear (Ursus americanus luteolus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-21T13:07:54","indexId":"ofr20141228","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-19T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1228","title":"Population viability and connectivity of the Louisiana black bear (Ursus americanus luteolus)","docAbstract":"In 1992, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) granted Ursus americanus luteolus (Louisiana black bear) threatened status under the U.S. Endangered Species Act of 1973, listing loss and fragmentation of habitat as the primary threats. A study was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the University of Tennessee, the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, and the USFWS to estimate demographic rates and genetic structure of Louisiana black bear populations; evaluate relations between environmental and anthropogenic factors and demographic, genetic, and movement characteristics of Louisiana black bear populations; and develop data-driven stochastic population projection models to assess long-term persistence of individual subpopulations and the overall black bear population in Louisiana.
\n\n
Data were collected with non-invasive DNA sampling, live capture, winter den visits, and radio monitoring from 2002 to 2012 in the four areas supporting breeding subpopulations in Louisiana: Tensas River Basin (TRB), Upper Atchafalaya River Basin (UARB), Lower Atchafalaya River Basin (LARB), and Three Rivers Complex (TRC). Bears were live trapped and radio collared in the TRB and TRC to estimate survival and reproductive rates, deterministic matrix models were used to estimate asymptotic growth rates, and stochastic population models were used to estimate long-term viability. DNA extracted from hair collected at baited, barbed-wire enclosures in the TRB, UARB, and LARB and capture-mark-recapture (CMR) analysis based on Bayesian hierarchical modeling methods were used to estimate apparent survival (φ), per capita recruitment (γ), abundance (N), realized growth rate (λ), and long-term viability.
\n\n
From 2002 to 2012, we radio monitored 86 adult females greater than (>) 2 years old within the TRB, and 43 adult females were monitored in the TRC. The mean annual survival rate estimate ranged from 0.97 to 0.99 for the TRB and from 0.93 to 0.97 for the TRC. Fecundity and yearling recruitment in the TRB were 0.47 and 0.15, respectively, whereas estimates for the TRC were 0.37 and 0.18. Depending on estimated carrying capacity, the strength of the density dependence, level of uncertainty, and the treatment of unresolved signals, persistence probabilities for the TRC subpopulation ranged from 0.295 to 0.999.
\n\n
Estimates of N for females in the TRB ranged from 140 to 163 during 2006–12 when detection heterogeneity was assumed to follow a logistic-normal distribution (Model 1) and from 133 to 158 when a 2-point finite mixture distribution was assumed (Model 2). Annual estimates of γ ranged from 0.00 to 0.16 and from 0 to 0.22, depending on the model, and estimates of φ ranged from 0.87 to 0.93 during that period. In the UARB, estimates of N for females ranged from 25 to 44 during the study period, regardless of heterogeneity model. Estimated γ ranged from 0.00 to 0.41, and φ ranged from 0.88 to 0.90 during that period. Estimated N for females in the LARB was from 78 to 97 from 2010 to 2012 based on Model 1 and from 68 to 84 based on Model 2. Estimates of γ were 0.00 for 2010–11 regardless of heterogeneity model and ranged from 0.24 to 0.31 for 2011–12, depending on the model assumptions. We estimated φ as 0.81 for 2010–11, and from 0.84 to 0.85 for 2011–12, depending on model assumptions. We estimated Φ as 0.81 for 2010–11, ranging and from 0.84 to 0.85 for 2011–12, depending on model assumptions.
\n\n
On the basis of vital rate estimates from Model 1 of the CMR analysis, probability of persistence over 100 years for the TRB population was >0.999, 0.975, and 0.958 for process-only, 50-percent (%) credible interval (CI), and 95% CI projections, respectively. Similarly, the probability of persistence based on Model 2 was >0.999, 0.982, and 0.958. For the UARB, probabilities of persistence based on Model 1 were >0.999, 0.971, and 0.958 for process-only, 50% CI, and 95% CI projections, respectively, and 0.993, 0.929, and 0.849 for Model 2. Using the telemetry and reproductive data from the TRC, probabilities of persistence were greater than or equal to 0.95 only for projections based on the most optimistic set of assumptions. Assuming that the dynamics of the TRB, TRC, and UARB populations were independent and using the most pessimistic population-specific persistence probabilities (that is, 0.958, 0.295, and 0.849, respectively), the overall probability of persistence for bears in that population system was 0.996.
\n\n
Genetic methods were used to estimate interchange and structure between subpopulations in Louisiana and in Minnesota (MINN); Mississippi (MISS); and the White River Basin (WRB), Arkansas. Results from the all-population and the WRB–TRB clustering analyses indicate at least five genetically distinct populations. The genetic clustering and migrant analyses combined with capture data provided direct evidence that interchange has occurred from the WRB to the TRB and MISS, from the TRB to MISS, from the UARB to the TRC, and from the TRC to the TRB. Indirect evidence that interchange occurred from the UARB to the TRC and from the UARB to the TRB by way of the TRC was documented. No evidence was found of interchange from any of the subpopulations to the WRB, UARB, or LARB.
\n\n
From April 2010 to April 2012, global positioning system (GPS) radio collars were placed on 8 female and 23 male bears ranging from 1 to 11 years of age to develop a step-selection function model to predict routes and rates of interchange. For both males and females, the probability of a step being selected increased as the distance to natural land cover and agriculture at the end of the step decreased and as distance from roads at the end of a step increased. Of 4,000 correlated random walks, the least potential interchange was between TRB and TRC and between UARB and LARB, but the relative potential for natural interchange between UARB and TRC was high. The step-selection model predicted that dispersals between the LARB and UARB populations were infrequent but possible for males and nearly nonexistent for females. No evidence of natural female dispersal between subpopulations has been documented thus far, which is also consistent with model predictions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141228","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Tennessee, Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Laufenberg, J.S., and Clark, J.D., 2014, Population viability and connectivity of the Louisiana black bear (Ursus americanus luteolus): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1228, viii, 104 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141228.","productDescription":"viii, 104 p.","numberOfPages":"114","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060751","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296182,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1228"},{"id":296184,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1228/pdf/ofr2014-1228.pdf","size":"4.61 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296186,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141228.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.04296874999999,\n 28.8927788645183\n ],\n [\n -94.04296874999999,\n 33.02708758002874\n ],\n [\n -88.9727783203125,\n 33.02708758002874\n ],\n [\n -88.9727783203125,\n 28.8927788645183\n ],\n [\n -94.04296874999999,\n 28.8927788645183\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546db11fe4b0fc7976bf1e3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laufenberg, Jared S.","contributorId":28899,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laufenberg","given":"Jared","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7006,"text":"Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Joseph D. 0000-0002-8547-8112 jclark1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8547-8112","contributorId":2265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Joseph","email":"jclark1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70128978,"text":"sir20145200 - 2014 - Turbidity and suspended sediment in the upper Esopus Creek watershed, Ulster County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-18T14:54:54","indexId":"sir20145200","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-18T15:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5200","title":"Turbidity and suspended sediment in the upper Esopus Creek watershed, Ulster County, New York","docAbstract":"Suspended-sediment concentrations (SSCs) and turbidity were measured for 2 to 3 years at 14 monitoring sites throughout the upper Esopus Creek watershed in the Catskill Mountains of New York State. The upper Esopus Creek watershed is part of the New York City water-supply system that supplies water to more than 9 million people every day. Turbidity, caused primarily by high concentrations of inorganic suspended particles, is a potential water-quality concern because it colors the water and can reduce the effectiveness of drinking-water disinfection. The purposes of this study were to quantify concentrations of suspended sediment and turbidity levels, to estimate suspended-sediment loads within the upper Esopus Creek watershed, and to investigate the relations between SSC and turbidity. Samples were collected at four locations along the main channel of Esopus Creek and at all of the principal tributaries. Samples were collected monthly and during storms and were analyzed for SSC and turbidity in the laboratory. Turbidity was also measured every 15 minutes at six of the sampling stations with in situ turbidity probes.
\n\n
The largest tributary, Stony Clove Creek, consistently produced higher SSCs and turbidity than any of the other Esopus Creek tributaries. The rest of the tributaries fell into two groups: those that produced moderate SSCs and turbidity and those that produced low SSCs and turbidity. Within those two groups the tributary that produced the highest SSCs and turbidity varied from year to year depending on the hydrologic conditions within each subwatershed. During the 3-year study, Stony Clove Creek accounted for an average of 40 percent of the annual suspended-sediment load measured at the upper Esopus Creek watershed outlet at Coldbrook, more than all of the other measured tributaries combined. The other tributaries to the upper Esopus Creek, taken together, accounted for an average of about 20 percent of the load at Coldbrook during 2010 and 2011, when most of the tributaries were sampled. Woodland Creek, the third largest tributary in the watershed, also accounted for a substantial amount of the load at Coldbrook, an average of 10 percent during the 3 years. Stony Clove Creek appeared to be a persistent source of sediment to Esopus Creek; it had the highest sediment yield (load per unit area) of all monitoring sites, including the outlet at Coldbrook.
\n\n
Discharge, SSC, and turbidity were strongly related at the Coldbrook site but not at every monitoring site. In general, relations between discharge and SSC and turbidity were strongest at sites with high SSCs, with the exception of Stony Clove Creek. Stony Clove Creek had high SSCs and turbidity regardless of discharge, and although concentrations and turbidity values generally increased with increasing discharge, the relation was not strong. Five of the six sites used to investigate the relations between SSC and laboratory turbidity had a coefficient of determination (r2) greater than 0.7. Relations were not as strong between SSC and the turbidity measured by in situ probes because the period of record was shorter and therefore the sample sizes were smaller. Data from in situ turbidity probes were strongly related to turbidity data measured in the laboratory for all but one of the monitoring sites where the relation was strongly leveraged by one sample. Although the in situ turbidity probes appeared to provide a good surrogate for SSC and could allow more accurate calculations of suspended-sediment load than discrete suspended-sediment samples alone, more data would be required to define the regression models throughout the range in discharge, SSCs, and turbidity levels that occur at each monitoring site. Nonetheless, the in situ probes provided much greater detail about the relation between discharge and turbidity than did the grab samples and storm samples measured in the laboratory.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145200","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York City Department of Environmental Protection, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, and Cornell Cooperative Extension of Ulster County","usgsCitation":"McHale, M.R., and Siemion, J., 2014, Turbidity and suspended sediment in the upper Esopus Creek watershed, Ulster County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5200, viii, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145200.","productDescription":"viii, 42 p.","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055338","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296179,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145200.jpg"},{"id":296177,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5200/"},{"id":296178,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5200/pdf/sir2014-5200.pdf","size":"6.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Ulster County","otherGeospatial":"Esopus Creek watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.42825317382812,\n 42.08599350447723\n ],\n [\n -74.42825317382812,\n 42.24173542549948\n ],\n [\n -74.21676635742186,\n 42.24173542549948\n ],\n [\n -74.21676635742186,\n 42.08599350447723\n ],\n [\n -74.42825317382812,\n 42.08599350447723\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546c643ae4b068a3ebb6f040","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McHale, Michael R. 0000-0003-3780-1816 mmchale@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3780-1816","contributorId":1735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHale","given":"Michael","email":"mmchale@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Siemion, Jason jsiemion@usgs.gov","contributorId":3011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siemion","given":"Jason","email":"jsiemion@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70132428,"text":"ds866 - 2014 - Area- and depth- weighted averages of selected SSURGO variables for the conterminous United States and District of Columbia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T13:37:57","indexId":"ds866","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-18T15:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"866","title":"Area- and depth- weighted averages of selected SSURGO variables for the conterminous United States and District of Columbia","docAbstract":"This digital data release consists of seven data files of soil attributes for the United States and the District of Columbia. The files are derived from National Resources Conservations Service’s (NRCS) Soil Survey Geographic database (SSURGO). The data files can be linked to the raster datasets of soil mapping unit identifiers (MUKEY) available through the NRCS’s Gridded Soil Survey Geographic (gSSURGO) database (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/survey/geo/?cid=nrcs142p2_053628). The associated files, named DRAINAGECLASS, HYDRATING, HYDGRP, HYDRICCONDITION, LAYER, TEXT, and WTDEP are area- and depth-weighted average values for selected soil characteristics from the SSURGO database for the conterminous United States and the District of Columbia. The SSURGO tables were acquired from the NRCS on March 5, 2014. The soil characteristics in the DRAINAGE table are drainage class (DRNCLASS), which identifies the natural drainage conditions of the soil and refers to the frequency and duration of wet periods. The soil characteristics in the HYDRATING table are hydric rating (HYDRATE), a yes/no field that indicates whether or not a map unit component is classified as a \"hydric soil\". The soil characteristics in the HYDGRP table are the percentages for each hydrologic group per MUKEY. The soil characteristics in the HYDRICCONDITION table are hydric condition (HYDCON), which describes the natural condition of the soil component. The soil characteristics in the LAYER table are available water capacity (AVG_AWC), bulk density (AVG_BD), saturated hydraulic conductivity (AVG_KSAT), vertical saturated hydraulic conductivity (AVG_KV), soil erodibility factor (AVG_KFACT), porosity (AVG_POR), field capacity (AVG_FC), the soil fraction passing a number 4 sieve (AVG_NO4), the soil fraction passing a number 10 sieve (AVG_NO10), the soil fraction passing a number 200 sieve (AVG_NO200), and organic matter (AVG_OM). The soil characteristics in the TEXT table are percent sand, silt, and clay (AVG_SAND, AVG_SILT, and AVG_CLAY). The soil characteristics in the WTDEP table are the annual minimum water table depth (WTDEP_MIN), available water storage in the 0-25 cm soil horizon (AWS025), the minimum water table depth for the months April, May and June (WTDEPAMJ), the available water storage in the first 25 centimeters of the soil horizon (AWS25), the dominant drainage class (DRCLSD), the wettest drainage class (DRCLSWET), and the hydric classification (HYDCLASS), which is an indication of the proportion of the map unit, expressed as a class, that is \"hydric\", based on the hydric classification of a given MUKEY. (See Entity_Description for more detail). The tables were created with a set of arc macro language (aml) and awk (awk was created at Bell Labsin the 1970s and its name is derived from the first letters of the last names of its authors – Alfred Aho, Peter Weinberger, and Brian Kernighan) scripts. Send an email to mewieczo@usgs.gov to obtain copies of the computer code (See Process_Description.) The methods used are outlined in NRCS's \"SSURGO Data Packaging and Use\" (NRCS, 2011). The tables can be related or joined to the gSSURGO rasters of MUKEYs by the item 'MUKEY.' Joining or relating the tables to a MUKEY grid allows the creation of grids of area- and depth-weighted soil characteristics. A 90-meter raster of MUKEYs is provided which can be used to produce rasters of soil attributes. More detailed resolution rasters are available through NRCS via the link above.
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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":522820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70133423,"text":"70133423 - 2014 - A landscape-based reconnaissance survey of estrogenic activity in streams of the upper Potomac, upper James,and Shenandoah Rivers, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:10:03","indexId":"70133423","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-18T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A landscape-based reconnaissance survey of estrogenic activity in streams of the upper Potomac, upper James,and Shenandoah Rivers, USA","docAbstract":"Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) are becoming of increasing concern in waterways of the USA and worldwide. What remains poorly understood, however, is how prevalent these emerging contaminants are in the environment and what methods are best able to determine landscape sources of EDCs. We describe the development of a spatially structured sampling design and a reconnaissance survey of estrogenic activity along gradients of land use within sub-watersheds. We present this example as a useful approach for state and federal agencies with an interest in identifying locations potentially impacted by EDCs that warrant more intensive, focused research. Our study confirms the importance of agricultural activities on levels of a measured estrogenic equivalent (E2Eq) and also highlights the importance of other potential sources of E2Eq in areas where intensive agriculture is not the dominant land use. Through application of readily available geographic information system (GIS) data, coupled with spatial statistical analysis, we demonstrate the correlation of specific land use types to levels of estrogenic activity across a large area in a consistent and unbiased manner.
","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht","doi":"10.1007/s10661-014-3801-y","usgsCitation":"Young, J.A., Iwanowicz, L., Sperry, A.J., and Blazer, V., 2014, A landscape-based reconnaissance survey of estrogenic activity in streams of the upper Potomac, upper James,and Shenandoah Rivers, USA: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 186, no. 9, p. 5531-5545, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-3801-y.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"5531","endPage":"5545","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051151","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296141,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"186","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546c642de4b068a3ebb6effa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, John A. 0000-0002-4500-3673 jyoung@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-3673","contributorId":3777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"John","email":"jyoung@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iwanowicz, Luke R. liwanowicz@usgs.gov","contributorId":386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Luke R.","email":"liwanowicz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sperry, Adam J. 0000-0002-4815-3730 asperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4815-3730","contributorId":5872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sperry","given":"Adam","email":"asperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blazer, Vicki 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70129407,"text":"sir20145206 - 2014 - Measurement of unsaturated hydraulic properties and evaluation of property-transfer models for deep sedimentary interbeds, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-21T13:16:38","indexId":"sir20145206","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-14T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5206","title":"Measurement of unsaturated hydraulic properties and evaluation of property-transfer models for deep sedimentary interbeds, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho","docAbstract":"Operations at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) have the potential to contaminate the underlying Eastern Snake River Plain (ESRP) aquifer. Methods to quantitatively characterize unsaturated flow and recharge to the ESRP aquifer are needed to inform water-resources management decisions at INL. In particular, hydraulic properties are needed to parameterize distributed hydrologic models of unsaturated flow and transport at INL, but these properties are often difficult and costly to obtain for large areas. The unsaturated zone overlying the ESRP aquifer consists of alternating sequences of thick fractured volcanic rocks that can rapidly transmit water flow and thinner sedimentary interbeds that transmit water much more slowly. Consequently, the sedimentary interbeds are of considerable interest because they primarily restrict the vertical movement of water through the unsaturated zone. Previous efforts by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) have included extensive laboratory characterization of the sedimentary interbeds and regression analyses to develop property-transfer models, which relate readily available physical properties of the sedimentary interbeds (bulk density, median particle diameter, and uniformity coefficient) to water retention and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity curves.
\n\n
During 2013–14, the USGS, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, focused on further characterization of the sedimentary interbeds below the future site of the proposed Remote Handled Low-Level Waste (RHLLW) facility, which is intended for the long-term storage of low-level radioactive waste. Twelve core samples from the sedimentary interbeds from a borehole near the proposed facility were collected for laboratory analysis of hydraulic properties, which also allowed further testing of the property-transfer modeling approach. For each core sample, the steady-state centrifuge method was used to measure relations between matric potential, saturation, and conductivity. These laboratory measurements were compared to water-retention and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity parameters estimated using the established property-transfer models. For each core sample obtained, the agreement between measured and estimated hydraulic parameters was evaluated quantitatively using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r). The highest correlation is for saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) with an r value of 0.922. The saturated water content (qsat) also exhibits a strong linear correlation with an r value of 0.892. The curve shape parameter (λ) has a value of 0.731, whereas the curve scaling parameter (yo) has the lowest r value of 0.528. The r values demonstrate that model predictions correspond well to the laboratory measured properties for most parameters, which supports the value of extending this approach for quantifying unsaturated hydraulic properties at various sites throughout INL.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145206","collaboration":"DOE/ID-22231. Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy.","usgsCitation":"Perkins, K., Johnson, B., and Mirus, B.B., 2014, Measurement of unsaturated hydraulic properties and evaluation of property-transfer models for deep sedimentary interbeds, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5206, v, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145206.","productDescription":"v, 15 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058687","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296127,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145206.jpg"},{"id":296125,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5206/"},{"id":296126,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5206/pdf/sir2014-5206.pdf","size":"1.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Idaho National Laboratory","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.148193359375,\n 43.37311218382002\n ],\n [\n -113.148193359375,\n 43.92163712834673\n ],\n [\n -112.54394531249999,\n 43.92163712834673\n ],\n [\n -112.54394531249999,\n 43.37311218382002\n ],\n [\n -113.148193359375,\n 43.37311218382002\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5467199de4b04d4b7dbde52e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perkins, Kimberlie kperkins@usgs.gov","contributorId":2270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"Kimberlie","email":"kperkins@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Brittany D. bdjohnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":5797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Brittany D.","email":"bdjohnson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mirus, Benjamin B.","contributorId":12348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mirus","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":7043,"text":"University of North Carolina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70129451,"text":"sir20145207 - 2014 - Assessing inundation hazards to nuclear powerplant sites using geologically extended histories of riverine floods, tsunamis, and storm surges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-13T16:58:59.328596","indexId":"sir20145207","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-14T16:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5207","title":"Assessing inundation hazards to nuclear powerplant sites using geologically extended histories of riverine floods, tsunamis, and storm surges","docAbstract":"Most nuclear powerplants in the United States are near rivers, large lakes, or oceans. As evident from the Fukushima Daiichi, Japan, disaster of 2011, these water bodies pose inundation threats. Geologic records can extend knowledge of rare hazards from flooding, storm surges, and tsunamis. This knowledge can aid in assessing the safety of critical structures such as dams and energy plants, for which even remotely possible hazards are pertinent. Quantitative analysis of inundation from geologic records perhaps is most developed for and applied to riverine flood hazards, but because of recent natural disasters, geologic investigations also are now used widely for understanding tsunami hazards and coastal storm surges.
\n\n
Layered sedimentary deposits commonly give the most complete geologic record of large floods, storm surges, and tsunamis. Sedimentary layers may be preserved for hundreds or thousands of years in suitable depositional environments, thereby providing an archive of rare, high-magnitude events. All inundation hazards discussed in this report—riverine floods, tsunamis, and storm surges—have had long records extracted from sedimentary sequences, many specifically for hazard assessment.
\n\n
Geologic records commonly are imprecise, so most hazard assessments benefit from evaluation of many sites and rigorous uncertainty assessment. Despite uncertainties, geologic records commonly can improve knowledge of the types and magnitudes of hazards threatening specific sites or regions. New statistical tools and approaches can efficiently incorporate geologic information into frequency assessments. These tools are most developed for riverine flood hazards, but are to some degree transferable to other episodic natural phenomena such as tsunamis and storm surges.
\n\n
Even with these efficient statistical approaches for examining geologic records, systematic landscape changes may reduce the applicability of retrospective assessments. These non-stationarity issues (such as climate change, sea‑level rise, land-use, dams and flow regulation) may all affect the validity of using past experience—no matter how complete the record—to assess future likelihoods. These issues require site-specific consideration for nearly all hazard assessments drawn from geologic evidence.
\n\n
A screening of the 104 nuclear powerplants in the United States licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (at 64 sites) indicates several sites for which paleoflood studies likely would provide additional flood-frequency information. Two sites—Duane Arnold, Iowa, on the Cedar River; and David-Besse, Ohio, on the Toussaint River—have geologic conditions suitable for creating and preserving stratigraphic records of flooding and few upstream dams that may complicate flood-frequency analysis. One site—Crystal River, Florida1, on the Withlacoochee River and only 4 kilometers from the coast—has high potential as a candidate for assessing riverine and marine inundation hazards. Several sites on the Mississippi River have high geologic potential, but upstream dams almost certainly now regulate peak flows. Nevertheless, studies on the Mississippi River to evaluate long-term flood frequency may provide results applicable to a wide spectrum of regional hazard issues. Several sites in the southeastern United States have high geologic potential, and studies at these sites also may be helpful in evaluating hazards from outburst floods from landslide dams (river blockages formed by mass movements), which may be a regional hazard. For all these sites, closer investigation and field reconnaissance would be needed to confirm suitable deposits and settings for a complete paleoflood analysis. Similar screenings may help identify high-potential sites for geologic investigations of tsunami and storm-surge hazards.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145207","collaboration":"Prepared for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission","usgsCitation":"O’Connor, J., Atwater, B.F., Cohn, T., Cronin, T.M., Keith, M., Smith, C.G., and Mason, 2014, Assessing inundation hazards to nuclear powerplant sites using geologically extended histories of riverine floods, tsunamis, and storm surges: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5207, vi, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145207.","productDescription":"vi, 65 p.","numberOfPages":"76","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055027","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296124,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145207.jpg"},{"id":296116,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5207/"},{"id":296123,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5207/pdf/sir2014-5207.pdf","size":"4.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5467199ae4b04d4b7dbde518","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Connor, Jim oconnor@usgs.gov","contributorId":2350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"Jim","email":"oconnor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Atwater, Brian F. 0000-0003-1155-2815 atwater@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1155-2815","contributorId":3297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwater","given":"Brian","email":"atwater@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cohn, Timothy A. tacohn@usgs.gov","contributorId":2927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohn","given":"Timothy A.","email":"tacohn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cronin, Thomas M. 0000-0002-2643-0979 tcronin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":2579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"Thomas","email":"tcronin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Keith, Mackenzie K. mkeith@usgs.gov","contributorId":4140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"Mackenzie K.","email":"mkeith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, Christopher G. 0000-0002-8075-4763 cgsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8075-4763","contributorId":3410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Christopher","email":"cgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mason, Jr. 0000-0002-3998-3468 rrmason@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3998-3468","contributorId":2090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rrmason@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70129184,"text":"sir20145201 - 2014 - Water and nutrient budgets for Vancouver Lake, Vancouver, Washington, October 2010-October 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-14T13:33:35","indexId":"sir20145201","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-14T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5201","title":"Water and nutrient budgets for Vancouver Lake, Vancouver, Washington, October 2010-October 2012","docAbstract":"Vancouver Lake, a large shallow lake in Clark County, near Vancouver, Washington, has been undergoing water-quality problems for decades. Recently, the biggest concern for the lake are the almost annual harmful cyanobacteria blooms that cause the lake to close for recreation for several weeks each summer. Despite decades of interest in improving the water quality of the lake, fundamental information on the timing and amount of water and nutrients entering and exiting the lake is lacking. In 2010, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a 2-year field study to quantify water flows and nutrient loads in order to develop water and nutrient budgets for the lake. This report presents monthly and annual water and nutrient budgets from October 2010–October 2012 to identify major sources and sinks of nutrients. Lake River, a tidally influenced tributary to the lake, flows into and out of the lake almost daily and composed the greatest proportion of both the water and nutrient budgets for the lake, often at orders of magnitude greater than any other source. From the water budget, we identified precipitation, evaporation and groundwater inflow as minor components of the lake hydrologic cycle, each contributing 1 percent or less to the total water budget. Nutrient budgets were compiled monthly and annually for total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and orthophosphate; and, nitrogen loads were generally an order of magnitude greater than phosphorus loads across all sources. For total nitrogen, flow from Lake River at Felida, Washington, made up 88 percent of all inputs into the lake. For total phosphorus and orthophosphate, Lake River at Felida flowing into the lake was 91 and 76 percent of total inputs, respectively. Nutrient loads from precipitation and groundwater inflow were 1 percent or less of the total budgets. Nutrient inputs from Burnt Bridge Creek and Flushing Channel composed 12 percent of the total nitrogen budget, 8 percent of the total phosphorus budget, and 21 percent of the orthophosphate budget. We identified several data gaps and areas for future research, which include the need for better understanding nutrient inputs to the lake from sediment resuspension and better quantification of indirect nutrient inputs to the lake from Salmon Creek.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145201","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Vancouver Lake Watershed Partnership and Clark County Environmental Services Division","usgsCitation":"Sheibley, R.W., Foreman, J.R., Marshall, C., and Welch, W.B., 2014, Water and nutrient budgets for Vancouver Lake, Vancouver, Washington, October 2010-October 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5201, Report: x, 71 p.; 1 Appendix; 3 Appendix Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145201.","productDescription":"Report: x, 71 p.; 1 Appendix; 3 Appendix Tables","numberOfPages":"86","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-10-01","temporalEnd":"2012-10-31","ipdsId":"IP-055155","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296108,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145201.jpg"},{"id":296103,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5201/pdf/sir2014-5201.pdf","size":"5.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296102,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5201/"},{"id":296104,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5201/pdf/sir2014-5201_appendixesa-g.pdf","text":"Appendix A-G","size":"1.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296105,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5201/downloads/sir2014-5201_appendixc_tables.xlsx","text":"Appendix C Tables","size":"76 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":296106,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5201/downloads/sir2014-5201_appendixd_tables.xlsx","text":"Appendix D Tables","size":"40 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":296107,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5201/downloads/sir2014-5201_appendixg_tables.xlsx","text":"Appendix G Tables","size":"81 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}}],"scale":"120000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Vancouver","otherGeospatial":"Vancouver Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.8607940673828,\n 45.612596491396005\n ],\n [\n -122.8607940673828,\n 45.83980269335617\n ],\n [\n -122.6081085205078,\n 45.83980269335617\n ],\n [\n -122.6081085205078,\n 45.612596491396005\n ],\n [\n -122.8607940673828,\n 45.612596491396005\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5467199fe4b04d4b7dbde542","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheibley, Rich W. 0000-0003-1627-8536 sheibley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1627-8536","contributorId":3044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheibley","given":"Rich","email":"sheibley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foreman, James R. 0000-0003-0535-4580 jforeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0535-4580","contributorId":3669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"James","email":"jforeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marshall, Cameron A. marshall@usgs.gov","contributorId":5412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"Cameron A.","email":"marshall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Welch, Wendy B. wwelch@usgs.gov","contributorId":1645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"Wendy","email":"wwelch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70133433,"text":"fs20143097 - 2014 - Science to support the understanding of Ohio's water resources, 2014-15","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-14T13:08:30","indexId":"fs20143097","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-14T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3097","title":"Science to support the understanding of Ohio's water resources, 2014-15","docAbstract":"Ohio’s water resources support a complex web of human activities and nature—clean and abundant water is needed for drinking, recreation, farming, and industry, as well as for fish and wildlife needs. Although rainfall in normal years can support these activities and needs, occasional floods and droughts can disrupt streamflow, groundwater, water availability, water quality, recreation, and aquatic habitats. Ohio is bordered by the Ohio River and Lake Erie; it has over 44,000 miles of streams and more than 60,000 lakes and ponds. Nearly all the rural population obtain drinking water from groundwater sources.
\n\n
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) works in cooperation with local, State, and other Federal agencies, as well as universities, to furnish decision makers, policy makers, USGS scientists, and the general public with reliable scientific information and tools to assist them in management, stewardship, and use of Ohio’s natural resources. The diversity of scientific expertise among USGS personnel enables them to carry out large- and small-scale multidisciplinary studies. The USGS is unique among government organizations because it has neither regulatory nor developmental authority—its sole product is impartial, credible, relevant, and timely scientific information, equally accessible and available to everyone. The USGS Ohio Water Science Center provides reliable hydrologic and water-related ecological information to aid in the understanding of the use and management of the Nation’s water resources, in general, and Ohio’s water resources, in particular. This fact sheet provides an overview of current (2014) or recently completed USGS studies and data activities pertaining to water resources in Ohio. More information regarding projects of the USGS Ohio Water Science Center is available at http://oh.water.usgs.gov/.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143097","usgsCitation":"Shaffer, K., and Kula, S.P., 2014, Science to support the understanding of Ohio's water resources, 2014-15: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3097, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143097.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2014-01-01","temporalEnd":"2015-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-057351","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296098,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143097.jpg"},{"id":296096,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3097/"},{"id":296097,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3097/pdf/fs2014-3097.pdf","size":"5.37 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Ohio","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.88037109375,\n 38.36750215395045\n ],\n [\n -84.88037109375,\n 41.713930073371294\n ],\n [\n -80.52978515625,\n 41.713930073371294\n ],\n [\n -80.52978515625,\n 38.36750215395045\n ],\n [\n -84.88037109375,\n 38.36750215395045\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5467199de4b04d4b7dbde534","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaffer, Kimberly kshaffer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Kimberly","email":"kshaffer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kula, Stephanie P. spkula@usgs.gov","contributorId":4666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kula","given":"Stephanie","email":"spkula@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70125378,"text":"sir20145178 - 2014 - Stream-water and groundwater quality in and near the Citizen Potawatomi Nation Tribal Jurisdictional Area, Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma, 2012-13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-14T13:18:15","indexId":"sir20145178","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-14T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5178","title":"Stream-water and groundwater quality in and near the Citizen Potawatomi Nation Tribal Jurisdictional Area, Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma, 2012-13","docAbstract":"The Citizen Potawatomi Nation needs to characterize their existing surface-water and groundwater resources in and near their tribal jurisdictional area to complete a water-resource management plan. Water resources in this area include surface water from the North Canadian and Little Rivers and groundwater from the terrace and alluvial aquifers and underlying bedrock aquifers. To assist in this effort, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Citizen Potawatomi Nation, collected water-quality samples at 4 sites on 3 streams and from 30 wells during 2012 and 2013 in and near the Citizen Potawatomi Nation Tribal Jurisdictional Area in central Oklahoma. Stream samples were collected eight times on the North Canadian River at the upstream USGS streamflow-gaging station North Canadian River near Harrah, Okla. (07241550); at the downstream USGS streamflow-gaging station North Canadian River at Shawnee, Okla. (07241800); and on the Little River at the USGS streamflow-gaging station Little River near Tecumseh, Okla., (07230500). Stream samples also were collected three times at an ungaged site, Deer Creek near McLoud, Okla. (07241590). Water properties were measured, and water samples were analyzed for concentrations of major ions, nutrients, trace elements, counts of fecal-indicator bacteria, and 69 organic compounds.
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The highest concentrations of dissolved solids and chlorides were measured in stream-water samples collected at the Little River near Tecumseh station. The Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level (SMCL) for dissolved solids in drinking water of 500 milligrams per liter (mg/L) was exceeded in 7 of 8 stream-water samples, with a median concentration of 844 mg/L at that station. The 250-mg/L SMCL for chloride was exceeded in 5 of the 8 stream-water samples collected at that station.
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Median concentrations of total dissolved nitrogen were about an order of magnitude higher in stream-water samples collected at the two stations on the North Canadian River than concentrations in stream-water samples collected at the Little River near Tecumseh station and the Deer Creek site. Median concentrations of total dissolved nitrogen were 4.36 and 2.89 mg/L in stream-water samples collected at the two North Canadian River stations, 0.35 mg/L in stream-water samples collected at the Little River near Tecumseh station, and 0.76 mg/L in stream-water samples collected at the Deer Creek site.
\n\n
Similar to nitrogen, median concentrations of total dissolved phosphorus were higher by about two orders of magnitude in stream-water samples collected at the two stations on the North Canadian River than concentrations in stream-water samples collected at the Little River near Tecumseh station and the Deer Creek site. Median concentrations of total dissolved phosphorus were 1.05 and 0.805 mg/L in stream-water samples collected at the two North Canadian River stations, 0.007 mg/L in stream-water samples collected at the Little River near Tecumseh station, and 0.032 mg/L from the Deer Creek site. Dissolved concentrations of total nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, orthophosphorus, and total phosphorus were highest in stream-water samples collected at the two North Canadian River stations at low streamflows, indicating that wastewater effluent may have been a notable source of these nutrients.
\n\n
Concentrations of most trace elements increased with increasing streamflow in stream-water samples collected at the two North Canadian River stations, indicating that most trace elements are washed into the river by runoff from the land surface or resuspended from streambed sediments. In general, most trace-element concentrations were below respective Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for public drinking-water supplies, except for one stream-water sample with an arsenic concentration of 10.1 micrograms per liter (µg/L) collected from the North Canadian River and one stream-water sample with a barium concentration of 2,690 µg/L collected from the Little River. At least one stream-water sample from each of the four stream sites sampled in this study contained a lead concentration exceeding the SMCL of 15 µg/L. All of these samples were collected during high streamflows.
\n\n
A greater number of organic compounds were detected in stream-water samples collected at the two stations on the North Canadian River than in stream-water samples collected at the Tecumseh station and Deer Creek site. In the 8 stream-water samples collected at the upstream Harrah station, 213 detections of organic compounds were measured, whereas in 8 samples collected at the downstream Shawnee station, 203 detections of organic compounds were measured. In contrast, 59 detections of organic compounds were measured in the 8 stream-water samples collected at the Tecumseh station, and 25 detections of organic compounds were measured in the 3 stream-water samples collected at the Deer Creek site; however, the 8 detections of 7 organic compounds in the 2 equipment-blank samples is problematic for evaluating these data, especially for the Deer Creek and Little River samples because of the comparatively low detection frequency and should be taken into consideration when evaluating these results.
\n\n
Groundwater samples also were collected once from 30 wells producing water from the Garber-Wellington aquifer; Admire, Chase, and Council Grove Groups; the Vanoss Formation; and the terrace and alluvial aquifers along the North Canadian River. Water properties were measured, and samples were analyzed for concentrations of major ions, nutrients, trace elements, and selected radionuclides in groundwater. Of 30 wells sampled for this study, 26 were completed in bedrock aquifers, and 4 were completed in terrace and alluvial aquifers. In general, groundwater in the study area is very hard, with a median concentration of 180 mg/L as calcium carbonate in water samples collected from the 30 wells. Concentrations of sulfate exceeded the 250-mg/L SMCL in two groundwater samples, and dissolved solids concentrations exceeded the 500-mg/L SMCL in nine groundwater samples. Trace-element concentrations did not exceed respective MCLs in the 30 groundwater samples collected for this study.
\n\n
Concentrations of the radionuclide uranium ranged from 0.03 to 79.5 µg/L, with a median concentration of 1.9 µg/L in the 30 groundwater samples collected. Two of the groundwater samples collected for this study had uranium concentrations exceeding the MCL of 30 µg/L, with concentrations of 79.5 and 31.1 µg/L. Generally, uranium concentrations were highest in water samples collected from wells completed in the Wellington Formation and the Chase, Council Grove, and Admire Groups in the southern and eastern parts of the study area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145178","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Citizen Potawatomi Nation","usgsCitation":"Becker, C., 2014, Stream-water and groundwater quality in and near the Citizen Potawatomi Nation Tribal Jurisdictional Area, Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma, 2012-13: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5178, viii, 102 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145178.","productDescription":"viii, 102 p.","numberOfPages":"114","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055762","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296101,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145178.jpg"},{"id":296100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5178/pdf/sir2014-5178.pdf","size":"4.83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":296099,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5178/"}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","county":"Pottawatomie County","otherGeospatial":"Little River, North Canadian River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.27157592773438,\n 34.88593094075317\n ],\n [\n -97.27157592773438,\n 35.561277754384555\n ],\n [\n -96.77169799804686,\n 35.561277754384555\n ],\n [\n -96.77169799804686,\n 34.88593094075317\n ],\n [\n -97.27157592773438,\n 34.88593094075317\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5467199fe4b04d4b7dbde53c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Becker, Carol 0000-0001-6652-4542 cjbecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6652-4542","contributorId":2489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"Carol","email":"cjbecker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70104552,"text":"ofr20141098 - 2014 - Water quality and algal conditions in the North Umpqua River, Oregon, 1995-2007, and their response to Diamond Lake restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-14T12:56:47","indexId":"ofr20141098","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-14T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1098","title":"Water quality and algal conditions in the North Umpqua River, Oregon, 1995-2007, and their response to Diamond Lake restoration","docAbstract":"The Wild and Scenic North Umpqua River is one of the highest-quality waters in the State of Oregon, supporting runs of wild salmon, steelhead, and trout. For many years, blooms of potentially toxic blue-green algae in Diamond and Lemolo Lakes have threatened water quality, fisheries, and public health. The blooms consist primarily of Anabaena, a nitrogen (N)-fixing planktonic alga that appears to have contributed to N enrichment, which could account for changes in communities and biomass of periphyton, or attached benthic algae, in the river. Periphyton can become a nuisance in summer by affecting riffle habitat and causing high pH that fails to meet State of Oregon water-quality standards. These symptoms of nutrient enrichment in the North Umpqua River were first documented in 1995, and the symptoms have continued since then. Restoring natural ecosystem processes that store nutrients rather than fueling algae might help improve pH and water-clarity conditions.
\n\n
This report summarizes the results from a study in 2005–07 characterizing water quality and algal conditions in the North Umpqua River before, during, and after the 2006 rotenone treatment of Diamond Lake in the headwaters of the North Umpqua River. The treatment was part of a restoration project to eradicate Tui chub (Gila bicolor), a non-native invasive fish blamed for decimating the trout fishery in Diamond Lake and fueling Anabaena blooms. Diamond Lake was expected to contribute organic matter and associated nutrients to Lake Creek during the project, but it was unclear whether these nutrients would affect periphyton communities in the North Umpqua River downstream.
\n\n
This study also provided an opportunity to examine changes in stream conditions in the main stem North Umpqua River and its tributaries, which were previously sampled in July 1995. The 1995 study was designed to provide background data during relicensing of the upstream hydroelectric facilities, and was partly motivated by anecdotal concerns about increase periphyton growth and reduced water clarity. As part of the 2005–07 study associated with the Diamond Lake restoration project, we repeated the 1995 basinwide synoptic survey in 2005, before the rotenone treatment. Although both samplings were just a snapshot of conditions, these data were evaluated for possible changes between 1995 and 2005.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141098","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Douglas County and the U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Carpenter, K., Anderson, C., and Jones, M.E., 2014, Water quality and algal conditions in the North Umpqua River, Oregon, 1995-2007, and their response to Diamond Lake restoration: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1098, Report: viii, 89 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141098.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 89 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"101","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1995-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-023321","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296092,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141098.jpg"},{"id":296090,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1098/pdf/ofr2014-1098.pdf","size":"6.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296091,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1098/downloads/ofr2014-1098_appendix.xlsx","size":"6.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":296089,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1098/"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Umpqua River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.8983154296875,\n 42.54093947168063\n ],\n [\n -123.8983154296875,\n 43.66389797397276\n ],\n [\n -121.387939453125,\n 43.66389797397276\n ],\n [\n -121.387939453125,\n 42.54093947168063\n ],\n [\n -123.8983154296875,\n 42.54093947168063\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546719a0e4b04d4b7dbde549","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carpenter, Kurt D. kdcar@usgs.gov","contributorId":1372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Kurt D.","email":"kdcar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Chauncey W. 0000-0002-1016-3781 chauncey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1016-3781","contributorId":1151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Chauncey W.","email":"chauncey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Mikeal E.","contributorId":127443,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Mikeal","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6925,"text":"US Forest Service, retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70127877,"text":"sir20145195 - 2014 - Flood-inundation maps and updated components for a flood-warning system or the City of Marietta, Ohio and selected communities along the Lower Muskingum River and Ohio River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-14T10:33:20","indexId":"sir20145195","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-14T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5195","title":"Flood-inundation maps and updated components for a flood-warning system or the City of Marietta, Ohio and selected communities along the Lower Muskingum River and Ohio River","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for lower reaches of the Muskingum River and a reach of the Ohio River in southeast Ohio were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District and the City of Marietta, Ohio. To complete the inundation maps, Ohio River and lower Muskingum River bathymetry was updated and two streamgages, one on the Ohio River upstream of Marietta near Sardis, Ohio, and one on the Muskingum River in Beverly, Ohio, were added as basic components of the flood-warning system. An updated hydraulic model component also led to the new flood-inundation maps. The maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/ depict estimates of the areal extent of flooding corresponding to water levels (stages) at one or more of the following USGS streamgages: Muskingum River at McConnelsville, Ohio (03150000); Muskingum River at Beverly, Ohio (03150500); and Ohio River at Marietta, Ohio (03150700). The maps can be used in conjunction with National Weather Service flood-forecast data to show areas of estimated flood inundation associated with forecasted flood-peak stages.
\n\n
Flood profiles for selected reaches were prepared by calibrating steady-state step-backwater models to selected streamgage rating curves. The step-backwater models were used to determine water-surface-elevation profiles for up to 12 flood stages at a streamgage with corresponding stream-flows ranging from approximately the 10- to 0.2-percent chance annual-exceedance probabilities for each of the 3 streamgages that correspond to the flood-inundation maps. Additional hydraulic modeling was used to account for the effects of backwater from the Ohio River on water levels in the Muskingum River. The computed longitudinal profiles of flood levels were used with a Geographic Information System digital elevation model (derived from light detection and ranging) to delineate flood-inundation areas. Digital maps showing flood-inundation areas overlain on digital orthophotographs were prepared for the selected floods.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145195","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District and the City of Marietta, Ohio","usgsCitation":"Whitehead, M.T., and Ostheimer, C.J., 2014, Flood-inundation maps and updated components for a flood-warning system or the City of Marietta, Ohio and selected communities along the Lower Muskingum River and Ohio River: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5195, iv, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145195.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057794","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296088,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145195.jpg"},{"id":296086,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5195/"},{"id":296087,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5195/pdf/sir2014-5195.pdf","size":"1.59 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Ohio","city":"Marietta","otherGeospatial":"Muskingum River, Ohio River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.6007080078125,\n 39.049052206453524\n ],\n [\n -82.6007080078125,\n 40.23760536584024\n ],\n [\n -80.46936035156249,\n 40.23760536584024\n ],\n [\n -80.46936035156249,\n 39.049052206453524\n ],\n [\n -82.6007080078125,\n 39.049052206453524\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5467199be4b04d4b7dbde51d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitehead, Matthew T. mtwhiteh@usgs.gov","contributorId":2158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitehead","given":"Matthew","email":"mtwhiteh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ostheimer, Chad J. ostheime@usgs.gov","contributorId":2160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostheimer","given":"Chad","email":"ostheime@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188058,"text":"70188058 - 2014 - Multisensor earth observations to characterize wetlands and malaria epidemiology in Ethiopia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T16:10:33","indexId":"70188058","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multisensor earth observations to characterize wetlands and malaria epidemiology in Ethiopia","docAbstract":"Malaria is a major global public health problem, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. The spatial heterogeneity of malaria can be affected by factors such as hydrological processes, physiography, and land cover patterns. Tropical wetlands, for example, are important hydrological features that can serve as mosquito breeding habitats. Mapping and monitoring of wetlands using satellite remote sensing can thus help to target interventions aimed at reducing malaria transmission. The objective of this study was to map wetlands and other major land cover types in the Amhara region of Ethiopia and to analyze district-level associations of malaria and wetlands across the region. We evaluated three random forests classification models using remotely sensed topographic and spectral data based on Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) and Landsat TM/ETM+ imagery, respectively. The model that integrated data from both sensors yielded more accurate land cover classification than single-sensor models. The resulting map of wetlands and other major land cover classes had an overall accuracy of 93.5%. Topographic indices and subpixel level fractional cover indices contributed most strongly to the land cover classification. Further, we found strong spatial associations of percent area of wetlands with malaria cases at the district level across the dry, wet, and fall seasons. Overall, our study provided the most extensive map of wetlands for the Amhara region and documented spatiotemporal associations of wetlands and malaria risk at a broad regional level. These findings can assist public health personnel in developing strategies to effectively control and eliminate malaria in the region.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014WR015634","usgsCitation":"Midekisa, A., Senay, G., and Wimberly, M.C., 2014, Multisensor earth observations to characterize wetlands and malaria epidemiology in Ethiopia: Water Resources Research, v. 50, no. 11, p. 8791-8806, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015634.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"8791","endPage":"8806","ipdsId":"IP-060676","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014wr015634","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341868,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Ethiopia","otherGeospatial":"Amhara region","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, 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(Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wimberly, Michael C.","contributorId":167855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wimberly","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":696469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70112315,"text":"ds861 - 2014 - Baseline well inventory and groundwater-quality data from a potential shale gas resource area in parts of Lee and Chatham Counties, North Carolina, October 2011-August 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-02T12:24:12","indexId":"ds861","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-12T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"861","title":"Baseline well inventory and groundwater-quality data from a potential shale gas resource area in parts of Lee and Chatham Counties, North Carolina, October 2011-August 2012","docAbstract":"Records were obtained for 305 wells and 1 spring in northwestern Lee and southeastern Chatham counties, North Carolina. Well depths ranged from 26 to 720 feet and yields ranged from 0.25 to 100 gallons per minute. A subset of 56 wells and 1 spring were sampled for baseline groundwaterquality constituents including the following: major ions; dissolved metals; nutrients; dissolved gases (including methane); volatile and semivolatile organic compounds; glycols; isotopes of strontium, radium, methane (if sufficient concentration), and water; and dissolved organic and inorganic carbon. Dissolved methane gas concentrations were low, ranging from less than 0.00007 (lowest reporting level) to 0.48 milligrams per liter. Concentrations of nitrate, boron, iron, manganese, sulfate, chloride, total dissolved solids, and measurements of pH exceeded federal and state drinking water standards in a few samples. Iron and manganese concentrations exceeded the secondary (aesthetic) drinking water standard in approximately 35 to 37 percent of the samples.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds861","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Chapman, M.J., Gurley, L., and Fitzgerald, S., 2014, Baseline well inventory and groundwater-quality data from a potential shale gas resource area in parts of Lee and Chatham Counties, North Carolina, October 2011-August 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 861, Report; vi, 22 p.; 4 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds861.","productDescription":"Report; vi, 22 p.; 4 Appendices","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-10-01","ipdsId":"IP-049025","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5464769fe4b0ba83040c9349","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapman, Melinda J. 0000-0003-4021-0320 mjchap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4021-0320","contributorId":1597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Melinda","email":"mjchap@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gurley, Laura N. 0000-0002-2881-1038","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2881-1038","contributorId":93834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurley","given":"Laura N.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fitzgerald, Sharon A. safitzge@usgs.gov","contributorId":4532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzgerald","given":"Sharon A.","email":"safitzge@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70129713,"text":"70129713 - 2014 - Vulnerability of breeding waterbirds to climate change in the Prairie Pothole Region, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-13T10:27:18","indexId":"70129713","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-12T04:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vulnerability of breeding waterbirds to climate change in the Prairie Pothole Region, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of the north-central U.S. and south-central Canada contains millions of small prairie wetlands that provide critical habitat to many migrating and breeding waterbirds. Due to their small size and the relatively dry climate of the region, these wetlands are considered at high risk for negative climate change effects as temperatures increase. To estimate the potential impacts of climate change on breeding waterbirds, we predicted current and future distributions of species common in the PPR using species distribution models (SDMs). We created regional-scale SDMs for the U.S. PPR using Breeding Bird Survey occurrence records for 1971–2011 and wetland, upland, and climate variables. For each species, we predicted current distribution based on climate records for 1981–2000 and projected future distributions to climate scenarios for 2040–2049. Species were projected to, on average, lose almost half their current habitat (-46%). However, individual species projections varied widely, from +8% (Upland Sandpiper) to -100% (Wilson's Snipe). Variable importance ranks indicated that land cover (wetland and upland) variables were generally more important than climate variables in predicting species distributions. However, climate variables were relatively more important during a drought period. Projected distributions of species responses to climate change contracted within current areas of distribution rather than shifting. Given the large variation in species-level impacts, we suggest that climate change mitigation efforts focus on species projected to be the most vulnerable by enacting targeted wetland management, easement acquisition, and restoration efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0096747","usgsCitation":"Steen, V., Skagen, S.K., and Noon, B.R., 2014, Vulnerability of breeding waterbirds to climate change in the Prairie Pothole Region, U.S.A.: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 6, e96747; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096747.","productDescription":"e96747; 14 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053462","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472641,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096747","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296019,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295754,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0096747"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Prairie Pothole Region","volume":"9","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546476a1e4b0ba83040c936d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steen, Valerie vsteen@usgs.gov","contributorId":5598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steen","given":"Valerie","email":"vsteen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skagen, Susan K. 0000-0002-6744-1244 skagens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-1244","contributorId":2009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skagen","given":"Susan","email":"skagens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Noon, Barry R.","contributorId":119751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noon","given":"Barry","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70126810,"text":"sir20145190 - 2014 - Simulation of the Lower Walker River Basin hydrologic system, west-central Nevada, using PRMS and MODFLOW models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-14T09:53:17","indexId":"sir20145190","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-12T03:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5190","title":"Simulation of the Lower Walker River Basin hydrologic system, west-central Nevada, using PRMS and MODFLOW models","docAbstract":"Walker Lake is a terminal lake in west-central Nevada with almost all outflow occurring through evaporation. Diversions from Walker River since the early 1900s have contributed to a substantial reduction in flow entering Walker Lake. As a result, the lake is receding, and salt concentrations have increased to a level in which Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi (Lahontan Cutthroat trout) are no longer present, and the lake ecosystem is threatened. Consequently, there is a concerted effort to restore the Walker Lake ecosystem and fishery to a level that is more sustainable. However, Walker Lake is interlinked with the lower Walker River and adjacent groundwater system which makes it difficult to understand the full effect of upstream water-management actions on the overall hydrologic system including the lake level, volume, and dissolved-solids concentrations of Walker Lake. To understand the effects of water-management actions on the lower Walker River Basin hydrologic system, a watershed model and groundwater flow model have been developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation.
\n\n
The watershed model was developed using the precipitation runoff modeling system (PRMS) and the groundwater flow model was constructed using the MODular groundwater FLOW model (MODFLOW) and both were calibrated for the lower Walker River Basin. These models can be incorporated in an integrated Groundwater and Surface-water FLOW (GSFLOW) model of the lower Walker River Basin. Additionally, the MODFLOW model developed for this study is useful for efficiently simulating long-term and large-scale effects of water-management actions on groundwater hydrology, streamflow, and Walker Lake level, volume, and dissolved-solids concentrations.
\n\n
The lower Walker River Basin PRMS model (LWR_PRMS) was constructed using a subbasin approach to aid in development and calibration, and simulates a 30-year period from 1978 to 2007 using daily time steps. The LWR_PRMS was used to estimate the distribution of groundwater recharge specified in the MODFLOW model. The highest rates of groundwater recharge occur in the Wassuk Range beneath perennial and ephemeral stream channels, whereas lower rates of recharge occur beneath alluvial fans along mountain fronts. The total groundwater recharge estimated using PRMS was about 25,000 acre-feet per year.
\n\n
The lower Walker River Basin MODFLOW (LWR_MF) model simulates an 89-year period using monthly time steps. The LWR_MF was constructed with an initial steady-state simulation to represent dynamic equilibrium conditions from 1908 to 1918 and then a transient simulation representing the period 1919–2007. The model was calibrated using a combination of manual and automated methods of adjusting model parameters to minimize errors between model simulated results and weighted observations of groundwater levels, streamflows, and lake level. Hydrologic conditions simulated with the LWR_MF include the movement and change in storage of groundwater, and the water budgets for Walker River, Walker Lake, and the groundwater system. The LWR_MF computed dissolved-solids concentrations for Walker Lake using simulated lake volume and an assumed constant internal salt mass of 37.2 million tons.
\n\n
Effects of potential changes in water management on future conditions (scenarios) of the lower Walker River Basin hydrologic system and Walker Lake from 2011 to 2070 were evaluated. Several water-management scenarios were considered, including a baseline scenario that represents no changes in system management, improved irrigation efficiencies for the Walker River Indian Irrigation Project (WRIIP), a range of increased streamflows entering the lower Walker River Basin, and, the fallowing of fields on the WRIIP.
\n\n
For the baseline scenario, it was assumed that streamflow conditions from 1981 to 2010 will be repeated in the future. Results indicate that Walker Lake level and volume continue to decline but at a slower rate as the surface area of the lake becomes smaller and lake evaporation decreases. Dissolved-solids concentrations in Walker Lake continue to increase and increase much more rapidly during periods when minimal flows reach the lake due to a diminished lake volume. Alternatively, in years with high runoff, lake level increases are greater and dissolved-solids decreases are greater, compared with equivalent runoffs experienced during 1981–2010.
\n\n
The simulated effects of improving WRIIP efficiencies on Walker River streamflows, Walker Lake inflow, level, and dissolved-solids concentrations, and crop consumptive use, are compared with the baseline reference scenario for a range of irrigation efficiency improvements from 0 to 25 percent over 60 years. Results indicate that water is conserved through a reduction in irrigation-induced groundwater recharge and subsequent groundwater discharge through evapotranspiration. The conserved water mostly goes to increased streamflow to Walker Lake, followed by increased crop consumptive use, then increased evaporation from Weber Reservoir.
\n\n
The simulated effects of increased streamflows at Walker River at Wabuska streamgage (10301500) on Walker Lake inflow, level, and dissolved-solids concentrations, and crop consumptive use, are compared with the baseline scenario after 60 years under two different management methods for Weber Reservoir. Results indicate Walker Lake level and dissolved-solids concentrations stabilized with increased irrigation-season streamflow of about 40,000 acre-feet per year at the Walker River at Wabuska streamgage. Walker Lake level increased, and dissolved-solids concentration decreased, with increased flows of 50,000 acre-feet per year or more. After 60 years with additional irrigation-season streamflows of 50,000 acre-feet per year, Walker Lake level increased by about 48 feet, and lake dissolved-solids concentrations decreased by about 3,000 milligrams per liter (mg/L). With 75,000 acre-feet per year of additional streamflow, Walker Lake level increased by 70 feet, and dissolved-solids concentration decreased by 7,600 milligrams per liter.
\n\n
The effects of fallowing of Walker River Indian Irrigation Project fields from 2007 to 2010 on Walker Lake inflow, level, and dissolved solids were evaluated. Fallowing resulted in a near doubling of Walker River inflow to Walker Lake during this period, an increase in Walker Lake level of about 1.4 feet, and a decrease in dissolved-solids concentration of about 540 mg/L.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145190","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Bureau of Reclamation and National Fish and Wildlife Foundation","usgsCitation":"Allander, K., Niswonger, R., and Jeton, A.E., 2014, Simulation of the Lower Walker River Basin hydrologic system, west-central Nevada, using PRMS and MODFLOW models: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5190, Report: x, 93 p.; 3 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145190.","productDescription":"Report: x, 93 p.; 3 Appendices","numberOfPages":"108","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033184","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296016,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145190.jpg"},{"id":296011,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5190/"},{"id":296012,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5190/pdf/sir2014-5190.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296013,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5190/downloads/sir2014-5190_appendix1.xls","text":"Water-Level Hydrographs","size":"3.4 MB"},{"id":296014,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5190/downloads/sir2014-5190_appendix2.xlsx","text":"Observation-Site Information","size":"23 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":296015,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5190/downloads/sir2014-5190_appendix3.zip","text":"PRMS and MODFLOW Files and Supporting Utilities","size":"231.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Lower Walker River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546476a1e4b0ba83040c9361","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allander, Kip K.","contributorId":118578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allander","given":"Kip K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Niswonger, Richard G. 0000-0001-6397-2403 rniswon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6397-2403","contributorId":2833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niswonger","given":"Richard G.","email":"rniswon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jeton, Anne E.","contributorId":45351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeton","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70132474,"text":"70132474 - 2014 - Abandoned floodplain plant communities along a regulated dryland river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-31T20:52:47.8568","indexId":"70132474","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-12T03:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abandoned floodplain plant communities along a regulated dryland river","docAbstract":"Rivers and their floodplains worldwide have changed dramatically over the last century because of regulation by dams, flow diversions and channel stabilization. Floodplains no longer inundated by river flows following dam-induced flood reduction comprise large areas of bottomland habitat, but the effects of abandonment on plant communities are not well understood. Using a hydraulic flow model, geomorphic mapping and field surveys, we addressed the following questions along the Bill Williams River, Arizona: (i) What per cent of the bottomland do abandoned floodplains comprise? and (ii) Are abandoned floodplains quantitatively different from adjacent xeric and riparian surfaces in terms of vegetation composition and surface sediment? We found that nearly 70% of active channel and floodplain area was abandoned following dam installation. Abandoned floodplains along the Bill Williams River tend to be similar to each other yet distinct from neighbouring habitats: they have been altered physically from their historic state, leading to distinct combinations of surface sediments, hydrology and plant communities. Abandoned floodplains may transition to xeric communities over time but are likely to retain some riparian qualities as long as there is access to relatively shallow ground water. With expected increases in water demand and drying climatic conditions in many regions, these surfaces and associated vegetation will continue to be extensive in riparian landscapes worldwide
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