{"pageNumber":"5335","pageRowStart":"133350","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165252,"records":[{"id":70233530,"text":"70233530 - 1977 - Hydration dating of volcanism at Newberry Crater, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-22T16:14:24.978997","indexId":"70233530","displayToPublicDate":"1977-05-01T11:03:09","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydration dating of volcanism at Newberry Crater, Oregon","docAbstract":"

Obsidian hydration dating of pumice and obsidian from Newberry Crater, Oreg., shows that the postcaldera activity began about 6700 yr ago and that the latest major eruptive event occurred about 1400 yr B.P. Two of the hydration dates correlate with 14C-dated pumice eruptions.

","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Friedman, I., 1977, Hydration dating of volcanism at Newberry Crater, Oregon: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 3, p. 337-342.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"337","endPage":"342","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404354,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404353,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue3/report.pdf","size":"20263 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Newberry Crater","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.27773284912108,\n 43.71404582720247\n ],\n [\n -121.27567291259764,\n 43.70957890823799\n ],\n [\n -121.27498626708983,\n 43.7033743018018\n ],\n [\n -121.27052307128905,\n 43.69915480258559\n ],\n [\n -121.2660598754883,\n 43.69716905314008\n ],\n [\n -121.2677764892578,\n 43.693942070030566\n ],\n [\n -121.26537322998048,\n 43.69145965716313\n ],\n [\n -121.25610351562499,\n 43.69145965716313\n ],\n [\n -121.25198364257811,\n 43.68823236681809\n ],\n [\n -121.23790740966797,\n 43.68351524548153\n ],\n [\n -121.22554779052734,\n 43.67581809328341\n ],\n [\n -121.20460510253906,\n 43.66960999321696\n ],\n [\n -121.18606567382812,\n 43.68003923450592\n ],\n [\n -121.1788558959961,\n 43.70138869210391\n ],\n [\n -121.17919921875001,\n 43.71826427829778\n ],\n [\n -121.1846923828125,\n 43.73315055548809\n ],\n [\n -121.19121551513672,\n 43.74803313328719\n ],\n [\n -121.20288848876955,\n 43.750017197479615\n ],\n [\n -121.21902465820312,\n 43.7492731811147\n ],\n [\n -121.22245788574217,\n 43.74257661763996\n ],\n [\n -121.23550415039062,\n 43.74183250878847\n ],\n [\n -121.23825073242186,\n 43.74332071724287\n ],\n [\n -121.24649047851562,\n 43.74480888870276\n ],\n [\n -121.26091003417969,\n 43.740096218834836\n ],\n [\n -121.26502990722656,\n 43.73736766145917\n ],\n [\n -121.26640319824219,\n 43.73439091160204\n ],\n [\n -121.27601623535156,\n 43.72794077927287\n ],\n [\n -121.27841949462889,\n 43.71851241323161\n ],\n [\n -121.27773284912108,\n 43.71404582720247\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, Irving","contributorId":90664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Irving","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70233529,"text":"70233529 - 1977 - Cauldron subsidence of Oligocene age at Mount Lewis, Shoshone Range, Nevada: A reasonable interpretation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-22T16:02:28.786794","indexId":"70233529","displayToPublicDate":"1977-05-01T10:53:34","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cauldron subsidence of Oligocene age at Mount Lewis, Shoshone Range, Nevada: A reasonable interpretation","docAbstract":"

James Gilluly has rejected the interpretation of Wrucke and Silberman (U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 876, 1975) that a thrust fault and tear fault mapped by Gilluly and Gates (U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 465, 1965) as structures bounding the upper plate of the Roberts Mountains thrust at Mount Lewis are parts of a ring fracture around an area that underwent volcanic collapse. In his discussion (this volume) of our paper, Gilluly fails to consider important questions that we presented in support of the subsidence hypothesis. Instead of answering these critical questions, Gilluly merely recapitulates the interpretations that he and Gates gave in Professional Paper 465. We presented new information, including a map of one critical area along the cauldron boundary where, among other significant differences in geologic interpretation, we found the ring fault where previously no steep fault was shown. Gilluly believes that the paucity of dikes along the ring fracture at Mount Lewis is highly anomalous for cauldrons. However, the amount of dike rock is comparable to that in known cauldrons (some cauldrons have none) and is what might be expected at high levels in subsidence structures that have undergone relatively little resurgent igneous activity after collapse. Gilluly concludes that in formulating our interpretation of volcanic collapse, we have ignored much evidence that he and Gates have presented on thrust faulting; in the Shoshone Range. On the contrary, we have considered their ideas and have reinterpreted them using new evidence that strongly supports the concept of cauldron subsidence at Mount Lewis.

","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Wrucke, C.T., and Silberman, M.L., 1977, Cauldron subsidence of Oligocene age at Mount Lewis, Shoshone Range, Nevada: A reasonable interpretation: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 3, p. 331-335.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"331","endPage":"335","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404352,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404351,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue3/report.pdf","size":"20263 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Mount Lewis, Shoshone Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.9062042236328,\n 40.360933936261134\n ],\n [\n -116.81488037109375,\n 40.360933936261134\n ],\n [\n -116.81488037109375,\n 40.431791632323645\n ],\n [\n -116.9062042236328,\n 40.431791632323645\n ],\n [\n -116.9062042236328,\n 40.360933936261134\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wrucke, Chester T.","contributorId":21145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wrucke","given":"Chester","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Silberman, Miles L.","contributorId":92536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silberman","given":"Miles","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70233528,"text":"70233528 - 1977 - Cauldron subsidence near Mount Lewis, Nevada: A misconception","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-22T15:52:13.028079","indexId":"70233528","displayToPublicDate":"1977-05-01T10:38:07","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cauldron subsidence near Mount Lewis, Nevada: A misconception","docAbstract":"

The map and interpretation of the geology of the Mount Lewis quadrangle, northern Shoshone Range, Nev., contained in U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 465 (1965) have recently been criticized and reinterpreted by C. T. Wrucke and M. L. Silberman in Professional Paper 876 (1975). I contend, however, that the reinterpretation ignores much cogent evidence and is quite inconsistent with the geometric disposition of the rocks. No justification exists for postulating a caldera.

The faults considered by Wrucke and Silberman to constitute the bounding faults of a caldera hence normal faults downthrown toward the \"caldera\" are in part nonexistent, in part a strike-slip fault formed concurrently with the Roberts thrust fault in Devonian and Mississippian time, and in part a listric thrust branching into the hanging wall of the main thrust. In short, the two real faults of Wrucke and Silberman's postulated caldera ring are about 200 million years older than the Oligocene volcanic rocks dated by Wrucke and Silberman. The paucity of dikes associated with the faults is thus readily understood, whereas it would be highly anomalous were the faults defining a caldera. The evidence for our thrust-fault interpretation was presented in the text, map, and sections of Professional Paper 465; further detail is included here. The evidence is clear and unequivocal: no caldera is here present.

","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Gilluly, J., 1977, Cauldron subsidence near Mount Lewis, Nevada: A misconception: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 3, p. 325-329.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"325","endPage":"329","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404350,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404349,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue3/report.pdf","size":"20263 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Mount Lewis, Shoshone Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.9062042236328,\n 40.360933936261134\n ],\n [\n -116.81488037109375,\n 40.360933936261134\n ],\n [\n -116.81488037109375,\n 40.431791632323645\n ],\n [\n -116.9062042236328,\n 40.431791632323645\n ],\n [\n -116.9062042236328,\n 40.360933936261134\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilluly, James","contributorId":51743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilluly","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70231268,"text":"70231268 - 1977 - An overview of remote sensing technology transfer in Canada and the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-04T15:47:30.02823","indexId":"70231268","displayToPublicDate":"1977-05-01T10:33:15","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"An overview of remote sensing technology transfer in Canada and the United States","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"11th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment","conferenceDate":"April 25-29, 1977","conferenceLocation":"Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States","language":"English","publisher":"University of Michigan","usgsCitation":"Strome, W.M., and Lauer, D.T., 1977, An overview of remote sensing technology transfer in Canada and the United States, in Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 1, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, April 25-29, 1977, p. 325-331.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"325","endPage":"331","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400145,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":400144,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://symposia.org/past_symposia.htm"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-63.6645,46.55001],[-62.9393,46.41587],[-62.01208,46.44314],[-62.50391,46.03339],[-62.87433,45.96818],[-64.1428,46.39265],[-64.39261,46.72747],[-64.01486,47.03601],[-63.6645,46.55001]]],[[[-61.8063,49.10506],[-62.29318,49.08717],[-63.58926,49.40069],[-64.51912,49.87304],[-64.17322,49.95718],[-62.85829,49.70641],[-61.83559,49.28855],[-61.8063,49.10506]]],[[[-123.51,48.51001],[-124.01289,48.37085],[-125.65501,48.825],[-125.95499,49.18],[-126.85,49.53],[-127.02999,49.815],[-128.05934,49.99496],[-128.44458,50.53914],[-128.35841,50.77065],[-125.75501,50.29502],[-124.92077,49.47527],[-123.92251,49.06248],[-123.51,48.51001]]],[[[-56.13404,50.68701],[-56.79588,49.81231],[-56.14311,50.15012],[-55.47149,49.93582],[-55.8224,49.58713],[-54.93514,49.31301],[-54.47378,49.55669],[-53.47655,49.24914],[-53.78601,48.51678],[-53.08613,48.6878],[-52.6481,47.53555],[-53.06916,46.6555],[-53.52146,46.61829],[-54.17894,46.80707],[-53.96187,47.62521],[-54.24048,47.75228],[-55.40077,46.88499],[-55.99748,46.91972],[-55.29122,47.38956],[-56.2508,47.63255],[-59.26602,47.60335],[-59.41949,47.89945],[-58.79659,48.25153],[-59.23162,48.52319],[-58.3918,49.12558],[-57.35869,50.71827],[-56.73865,51.28744],[-55.87098,51.63209],[-55.40697,51.58827],[-56.13404,50.68701]]],[[[-133.18,54.16998],[-132.71001,54.04001],[-131.74999,54.12],[-132.04948,52.98462],[-131.17904,52.18043],[-131.57783,52.18237],[-132.18043,52.63971],[-132.54999,53.10001],[-133.05461,53.41147],[-133.23966,53.85108],[-133.18,54.16998]]],[[[-79.26582,62.15868],[-79.65752,61.63308],[-80.09956,61.7181],[-80.36215,62.01649],[-79.92939,62.3856],[-79.52002,62.36371],[-79.26582,62.15868]]],[[[-81.89825,62.7108],[-83.06857,62.15922],[-83.77462,62.18231],[-83.99367,62.4528],[-83.25048,62.91409],[-81.87699,62.90458],[-81.89825,62.7108]]],[[[-85.16131,65.65728],[-84.97576,65.21752],[-84.46401,65.37177],[-81.64201,64.45514],[-81.55344,63.97961],[-80.81736,64.05749],[-80.10345,63.72598],[-80.99102,63.41125],[-82.54718,63.65172],[-83.1088,64.10188],[-84.10042,63.56971],[-85.5234,63.05238],[-85.86677,63.63725],[-87.22198,63.54124],[-86.35276,64.03583],[-86.22489,64.82292],[-85.88385,65.73878],[-85.16131,65.65728]]],[[[-75.86588,67.14886],[-76.98687,67.09873],[-77.2364,67.58809],[-76.81166,68.14856],[-75.89521,68.28721],[-75.1145,68.01036],[-75.10333,67.58202],[-75.21597,67.44425],[-75.86588,67.14886]]],[[[-95.64768,69.10769],[-96.26952,68.75704],[-97.6174,69.06003],[-98.4318,68.9507],[-99.7974,69.40003],[-98.9174,69.71003],[-98.21826,70.14354],[-96.5574,69.68003],[-95.64768,69.10769]]],[[[-90.5471,69.49766],[-90.55151,68.47499],[-89.21515,69.25873],[-88.01966,68.61508],[-88.31749,67.87338],[-87.35017,67.19872],[-86.30607,67.92146],[-85.57664,68.78456],[-85.52197,69.88211],[-82.62258,69.65826],[-81.28043,69.16202],[-81.2202,68.66567],[-81.96436,68.13253],[-81.25928,67.59716],[-81.38653,67.11078],[-83.34456,66.41154],[-84.73542,66.2573],[-85.76943,66.55833],[-86.0676,66.05625],[-87.03143,65.21297],[-87.32324,64.77563],[-88.48296,64.09897],[-89.91444,64.03273],[-90.70398,63.61017],[-90.77004,62.96021],[-91.93342,62.83508],[-93.15698,62.02469],[-94.24153,60.89865],[-94.62931,60.11021],[-94.6846,58.94882],[-93.21502,58.78212],[-92.29703,57.08709],[-90.89769,57.28468],[-89.03953,56.85172],[-88.03978,56.47162],[-87.32421,55.99914],[-86.07121,55.72383],[-85.01181,55.3026],[-82.27285,55.14832],[-82.4362,54.28227],[-82.12502,53.27703],[-81.40075,52.15788],[-79.91289,51.20842],[-79.14301,51.53393],[-78.60191,52.56208],[-79.12421,54.14145],[-79.82958,54.66772],[-78.22874,55.13645],[-77.0956,55.83741],[-76.54137,56.53423],[-76.62319,57.20263],[-77.30226,58.05209],[-78.51688,58.80458],[-77.33676,59.85261],[-77.77272,60.75788],[-78.10687,62.31964],[-77.41067,62.55053],[-74.6682,62.18111],[-73.83988,62.4438],[-71.67708,61.52535],[-71.37369,61.13717],[-69.59042,61.06141],[-69.62033,60.22125],[-69.2879,58.95736],[-68.37455,58.80106],[-67.64976,58.21206],[-66.20178,58.76731],[-65.24517,59.87071],[-64.58352,60.33558],[-61.39655,56.96745],[-61.79866,56.33945],[-60.46853,55.77548],[-59.56962,55.20407],[-57.97508,54.94549],[-57.3332,54.6265],[-56.93689,53.78032],[-56.15811,53.64749],[-55.75632,53.27036],[-55.68338,52.14664],[-57.12691,51.41972],[-58.77482,51.0643],[-60.03309,50.24277],[-61.72366,50.08046],[-63.86251,50.29099],[-66.39905,50.22897],[-67.23631,49.51156],[-68.51114,49.06836],[-71.10458,46.82171],[-70.25522,46.98606],[-68.65,48.3],[-66.55243,49.1331],[-65.05626,49.23278],[-64.17099,48.74248],[-65.11545,48.07085],[-64.47219,46.23849],[-63.17329,45.73902],[-61.52072,45.88377],[-60.51815,47.00793],[-60.4486,46.28264],[-59.80287,45.9204],[-61.03988,45.26525],[-63.25471,44.67014],[-64.24656,44.26553],[-65.36406,43.54523],[-66.1234,43.61867],[-66.16173,44.46512],[-64.42549,45.29204],[-67.13741,45.13753],[-66.96466,44.8097],[-68.03252,44.3252],[-70.11617,43.68405],[-70.64548,43.09024],[-70.81489,42.8653],[-70.825,42.335],[-70.495,41.805],[-70.08,41.78],[-70.185,42.145],[-69.88497,41.92283],[-69.96503,41.63717],[-72.87643,41.22065],[-73.71,40.9311],[-72.24126,41.11948],[-71.945,40.93],[-73.345,40.63],[-73.982,40.628],[-73.95232,40.75075],[-74.25671,40.47351],[-73.96244,40.42763],[-74.17838,39.70926],[-74.90604,38.93954],[-74.98041,39.1964],[-75.52805,39.4985],[-75.32,38.96],[-75.07183,38.78203],[-75.05673,38.40412],[-75.94023,37.21689],[-76.03127,37.2566],[-75.72205,37.93705],[-76.23287,38.31921],[-76.35,39.15],[-76.54272,38.71762],[-76.32933,38.08326],[-76.99,38.23999],[-76.30162,37.91794],[-76.25874,36.9664],[-75.9718,36.89726],[-75.72749,35.55074],[-76.36318,34.80854],[-77.39763,34.51201],[-78.05496,33.92547],[-78.55435,33.86133],[-79.06067,33.49395],[-79.20357,33.15839],[-80.30132,32.50935],[-80.86498,32.0333],[-81.33629,31.44049],[-81.49042,30.72999],[-81.31371,30.03552],[-80.98,29.18],[-80.53558,28.47213],[-80.53,28.04],[-80.05654,26.88],[-80.13156,25.81677],[-80.38103,25.20616],[-80.68,25.08],[-81.17213,25.20126],[-81.33,25.64],[-81.71,25.87],[-82.70515,27.49504],[-82.85526,27.88624],[-82.65,28.55],[-82.93,29.1],[-83.70959,29.93656],[-84.1,30.09],[-85.10882,29.63615],[-85.7731,30.15261],[-86.4,30.4],[-87.53036,30.27433],[-88.41782,30.3849],[-89.18049,30.31598],[-89.59383,30.15999],[-89.41373,29.89419],[-89.43,29.48864],[-89.21767,29.29108],[-89.40823,29.15961],[-89.77928,29.30714],[-90.15463,29.11743],[-90.88022,29.14854],[-91.62678,29.677],[-92.49906,29.5523],[-93.22637,29.78375],[-94.69,29.48],[-95.60026,28.73863],[-96.59404,28.30748],[-97.14,27.83],[-97.37,27.38],[-97.38,26.69],[-97.33,26.21],[-97.14,25.87],[-97.53,25.84],[-99.02,26.37],[-99.3,26.84],[-99.52,27.54],[-100.11,28.11],[-100.9576,29.38071],[-101.6624,29.7793],[-102.48,29.76],[-103.11,28.97],[-103.94,29.27],[-104.45697,29.57196],[-105.03737,30.64402],[-106.50759,31.75452],[-108.24,31.75485],[-108.24194,31.34222],[-111.02361,31.33472],[-114.815,32.52528],[-114.72139,32.72083],[-117.12776,32.53534],[-117.29594,33.04622],[-117.944,33.62124],[-118.4106,33.74091],[-118.51989,34.02778],[-119.081,34.078],[-119.43884,34.34848],[-120.36778,34.44711],[-120.62286,34.60855],[-120.74433,35.15686],[-121.71457,36.16153],[-122.54747,37.55176],[-122.51201,37.78339],[-123.7272,38.95166],[-123.86517,39.76699],[-124.39807,40.3132],[-124.17886,41.14202],[-124.2137,41.99964],[-124.53284,42.76599],[-124.14214,43.70838],[-123.89893,45.52341],[-124.07963,46.86475],[-124.68721,48.18443],[-124.5661,48.37971],[-123.12,48.04],[-122.58736,47.096],[-122.34,47.36],[-122.5,48.18],[-122.84,49],[-125.62461,50.41656],[-127.43561,50.83061],[-127.99276,51.71583],[-127.85032,52.32961],[-129.12979,52.75538],[-129.30523,53.56159],[-130.51497,54.28757],[-130.53610881133997,54.802751030769095],[-131.08582,55.17891],[-131.96721,55.49778],[-132.25001,56.37],[-133.53918,57.17889],[-134.07806,58.12307],[-136.62806,58.21221],[-137.80001,58.5],[-139.86779,59.53776],[-142.57444,60.08445],[-143.95888,59.99918],[-145.92556,60.45861],[-147.11437,60.88466],[-148.22431,60.67299],[-148.01807,59.97833],[-149.72786,59.70566],[-150.60824,59.36821],[-151.71639,59.15582],[-151.85943,59.74498],[-151.40972,60.7258],[-150.34694,61.03359],[-150.62111,61.28442],[-151.89584,60.7272],[-152.57833,60.06166],[-154.01917,59.35028],[-153.28751,58.86473],[-154.23249,58.14637],[-156.30833,57.42277],[-156.5561,56.97998],[-158.11722,56.46361],[-158.43332,55.99415],[-159.60333,55.56669],[-160.28972,55.64358],[-163.06945,54.68974],[-164.78557,54.40417],[-164.94223,54.57222],[-162.87,55.34804],[-161.80417,55.89499],[-160.5636,56.00805],[-160.07056,56.41806],[-158.68444,57.01668],[-157.72277,57.57],[-157.55027,58.32833],[-157.04167,58.91888],[-158.19473,58.6158],[-158.51722,58.78778],[-159.05861,58.42419],[-159.71167,58.93139],[-159.98129,58.57255],[-160.35527,59.07112],[-161.355,58.67084],[-161.96889,58.67166],[-162.05499,59.26693],[-161.87417,59.63362],[-162.51806,59.98972],[-163.81834,59.79806],[-165.34639,60.5075],[-165.35083,61.0739],[-166.12138,61.50002],[-165.73445,62.075],[-164.91918,62.63308],[-164.56251,63.14638],[-163.75333,63.21945],[-163.06722,63.05946],[-162.26056,63.54194],[-161.53445,63.45582],[-160.77251,63.76611],[-160.95834,64.2228],[-161.51807,64.40279],[-160.77778,64.7886],[-162.45305,64.55944],[-162.75779,64.33861],[-163.54639,64.55916],[-164.96083,64.44695],[-166.42529,64.68667],[-166.845,65.0889],[-168.11056,65.67],[-164.47471,66.57666],[-163.65251,66.57666],[-163.7886,66.07721],[-161.67777,66.11612],[-162.48971,66.73557],[-163.71972,67.11639],[-164.43099,67.61634],[-165.39029,68.04277],[-166.76444,68.35888],[-166.20471,68.88303],[-164.43081,68.91554],[-163.16861,69.37111],[-162.93057,69.85806],[-161.9089,70.33333],[-160.9348,70.44769],[-159.03918,70.89164],[-158.11972,70.82472],[-156.58082,71.35776],[-155.06779,71.14778],[-154.34417,70.69641],[-153.90001,70.88999],[-152.21001,70.82999],[-152.27,70.60001],[-150.73999,70.43002],[-149.72,70.53001],[-147.61336,70.21403],[-144.92001,69.98999],[-143.58945,70.15251],[-139.12052,69.47102],[-137.54636,68.99002],[-136.50358,68.89804],[-135.62576,69.31512],[-134.41464,69.62743],[-132.92925,69.50534],[-131.43136,69.94451],[-129.79471,70.19369],[-129.10773,69.77927],[-128.36156,70.01286],[-128.13817,70.48384],[-127.44712,70.37721],[-125.75632,69.48058],[-124.42483,70.1584],[-124.28968,69.39969],[-123.06108,69.56372],[-122.6835,69.85553],[-121.47226,69.79778],[-119.94288,69.37786],[-117.60268,69.01128],[-116.22643,68.84151],[-115.2469,68.90591],[-113.89794,68.3989],[-115.30489,67.90261],[-113.49727,67.68815],[-110.798,67.80612],[-109.94619,67.98104],[-108.8802,67.38144],[-107.79239,67.88736],[-108.81299,68.31164],[-108.16721,68.65392],[-106.15,68.8],[-105.34282,68.56122],[-104.33791,68.018],[-103.22115,68.09775],[-101.45433,67.64689],[-99.90195,67.80566],[-98.4432,67.78165],[-98.5586,68.40394],[-97.66948,68.57864],[-96.11991,68.23939],[-96.12588,67.29338],[-95.48943,68.0907],[-94.685,68.06383],[-94.23282,69.06903],[-95.30408,69.68571],[-96.47131,70.08976],[-96.39115,71.19482],[-95.2088,71.92053],[-93.88997,71.76015],[-92.87818,71.31869],[-91.51964,70.19129],[-92.40692,69.69997],[-90.5471,69.49766]]],[[[-114.16717,73.12145],[-114.66634,72.65277],[-112.44102,72.9554],[-111.05039,72.4504],[-109.92035,72.96113],[-109.00654,72.63335],[-108.18835,71.65089],[-107.68599,72.06548],[-108.39639,73.08953],[-107.51645,73.23598],[-106.52259,73.07601],[-105.40246,72.67259],[-104.77484,71.6984],[-104.46476,70.99297],[-100.98078,70.02432],[-101.08929,69.58447],[-102.73116,69.50402],[-102.09329,69.11962],[-102.43024,68.75282],[-105.96,69.18],[-107.12254,69.11922],[-109,68.78],[-113.3132,68.53554],[-113.85496,69.00744],[-115.22,69.28],[-116.10794,69.16821],[-117.34,69.96],[-115.13112,70.2373],[-113.72141,70.19237],[-112.4161,70.36638],[-114.35,70.6],[-117.9048,70.54056],[-118.43238,70.9092],[-116.11311,71.30918],[-117.65568,71.2952],[-119.40199,71.55859],[-118.56267,72.30785],[-117.86642,72.70594],[-115.18909,73.31459],[-114.16717,73.12145]]],[[[-104.5,73.42],[-105.38,72.76],[-106.94,73.46],[-106.6,73.6],[-105.26,73.64],[-104.5,73.42]]],[[[-76.34,73.10268],[-76.2514,72.82639],[-78.39167,72.87666],[-79.48625,72.7422],[-80.8761,73.33318],[-80.83389,73.69318],[-80.35306,73.75972],[-78.06444,73.65193],[-76.34,73.10268]]],[[[-86.56218,73.15745],[-85.77437,72.53413],[-84.85011,73.34028],[-82.31559,73.75095],[-80.60009,72.71654],[-80.74894,72.06191],[-78.77064,72.35217],[-77.82462,72.74962],[-75.60584,72.24368],[-74.22862,71.76714],[-74.09914,71.33084],[-72.24223,71.55692],[-71.20002,70.92001],[-68.78605,70.52502],[-67.91497,70.12195],[-66.96903,69.18609],[-68.80512,68.7202],[-66.44987,68.06716],[-64.86231,67.84754],[-63.42493,66.92847],[-61.85198,66.86212],[-62.16318,66.16025],[-63.91844,64.99867],[-65.14886,65.42603],[-66.72122,66.38804],[-68.01502,66.26273],[-68.14129,65.68979],[-67.08965,65.10846],[-65.73208,64.64841],[-65.32017,64.38274],[-64.66941,63.39293],[-65.0138,62.67419],[-66.27504,62.9451],[-68.78319,63.74567],[-66.3283,62.28007],[-66.16557,61.9309],[-68.87737,62.33015],[-71.02344,62.91071],[-72.23538,63.39784],[-71.88628,63.67999],[-74.83442,64.67908],[-74.8185,64.38909],[-77.70998,64.22954],[-78.55595,64.57291],[-77.89728,65.30919],[-73.9598,65.45476],[-74.29388,65.81177],[-73.94491,66.31058],[-72.65117,67.28458],[-72.92606,67.72693],[-73.31162,68.06944],[-74.84331,68.55463],[-76.8691,68.89474],[-76.22865,69.14777],[-77.28737,69.76954],[-78.16863,69.82649],[-78.95724,70.16688],[-79.49246,69.87181],[-81.30547,69.74319],[-84.94471,69.96663],[-88.68171,70.41074],[-89.51342,70.76204],[-88.46772,71.21819],[-89.88815,71.22255],[-90.20516,72.23507],[-89.43658,73.12946],[-88.40824,73.53789],[-85.82615,73.80382],[-86.56218,73.15745]]],[[[-100.35642,73.84389],[-99.16387,73.63339],[-97.38,73.76],[-97.12,73.47],[-98.05359,72.99052],[-96.54,72.56],[-96.72,71.66],[-98.35966,71.27285],[-99.32286,71.35639],[-100.01482,71.73827],[-102.5,72.51],[-102.48,72.83],[-100.43836,72.70588],[-101.54,73.36],[-100.35642,73.84389]]],[[[-93.1963,72.77199],[-94.26905,72.0246],[-95.40986,72.06188],[-96.03375,72.94028],[-96.01827,73.43743],[-95.49579,73.86242],[-94.50366,74.13491],[-92.42001,74.10003],[-90.50979,73.85673],[-92.00397,72.96624],[-93.1963,72.77199]]],[[[-120.46,71.3836],[-123.09219,70.90164],[-123.62,71.34],[-125.92895,71.86869],[-124.80729,73.02256],[-123.94,73.68],[-124.91775,74.29275],[-121.53788,74.44893],[-120.10978,74.24135],[-117.55564,74.18577],[-115.51081,73.47519],[-119.22,72.52],[-120.46,71.82],[-120.46,71.3836]]],[[[-93.61276,74.98],[-94.15691,74.59235],[-95.60868,74.66686],[-96.82093,74.92762],[-96.28859,75.37783],[-94.85082,75.64722],[-93.97775,75.29649],[-93.61276,74.98]]],[[[-98.5,76.72],[-97.73558,76.25656],[-97.70441,75.74344],[-98.16,75],[-99.80874,74.89744],[-100.88366,75.05736],[-100.86292,75.64075],[-102.50209,75.5638],[-102.56552,76.3366],[-101.48973,76.30537],[-99.98349,76.64634],[-98.57699,76.58859],[-98.5,76.72]]],[[[-108.21141,76.20168],[-107.81943,75.84552],[-106.92893,76.01282],[-105.881,75.9694],[-105.70498,75.47951],[-106.31347,75.00527],[-109.7,74.85],[-112.22307,74.41696],[-113.74381,74.39427],[-113.87135,74.72029],[-111.79421,75.1625],[-116.31221,75.04343],[-117.7104,75.2222],[-116.34602,76.19903],[-115.40487,76.47887],[-112.59056,76.14134],[-110.81422,75.54919],[-109.0671,75.47321],[-110.49726,76.42982],[-109.5811,76.79417],[-108.54859,76.67832],[-108.21141,76.20168]]],[[[-94.68409,77.09788],[-93.57392,76.7763],[-91.60502,76.77852],[-90.74185,76.4496],[-90.96966,76.07401],[-89.18708,75.61017],[-86.37919,75.48242],[-84.78963,75.6992],[-82.75344,75.78432],[-81.12853,75.71398],[-80.05751,75.33685],[-79.83393,74.92313],[-80.45777,74.6573],[-81.94884,74.44246],[-83.22889,74.56403],[-88.15035,74.39231],[-89.76472,74.51556],[-92.42244,74.83776],[-92.76829,75.38682],[-92.88991,75.88266],[-93.89382,76.31924],[-95.96246,76.44138],[-97.12138,76.75108],[-96.74512,77.16139],[-94.68409,77.09788]]],[[[-116.19859,77.64529],[-116.33581,76.87696],[-117.10605,76.53003],[-118.04041,76.48117],[-119.89932,76.05321],[-121.5,75.90002],[-122.85492,76.11654],[-121.15754,76.86451],[-119.10394,77.51222],[-117.57013,77.49832],[-116.19859,77.64529]]],[[[-93.84,77.52],[-96.16965,77.55511],[-96.4363,77.83463],[-94.42258,77.82],[-93.72066,77.63433],[-93.84,77.52]]],[[[-110.18694,77.69701],[-112.05119,77.40923],[-113.53428,77.73221],[-112.72459,78.05105],[-111.26444,78.15296],[-109.85445,77.99632],[-110.18694,77.69701]]],[[[-109.66315,78.60197],[-110.88131,78.40692],[-112.54209,78.4079],[-112.52589,78.55055],[-111.50001,78.84999],[-109.66315,78.60197]]],[[[-95.83029,78.05694],[-97.30984,77.8506],[-98.12429,78.08286],[-98.55287,78.45811],[-98.63198,78.87193],[-96.7544,78.76581],[-95.55928,78.41831],[-95.83029,78.05694]]],[[[-100.06019,78.32475],[-99.67094,77.90754],[-101.30394,78.01898],[-102.94981,78.34323],[-105.17613,78.38033],[-104.21043,78.67742],[-105.41958,78.91834],[-105.49229,79.30159],[-103.52928,79.16535],[-100.82516,78.80046],[-100.06019,78.32475]]],[[[-87.02,79.66],[-85.81435,79.3369],[-87.18756,79.0393],[-89.03535,78.28723],[-90.80436,78.21533],[-92.87669,78.34333],[-93.95116,78.75099],[-93.93574,79.11373],[-93.14524,79.3801],[-94.974,79.37248],[-96.07614,79.70502],[-96.70972,80.15777],[-95.32345,80.90729],[-94.29843,80.97727],[-94.73542,81.20646],[-92.40984,81.25739],[-91.13289,80.72345],[-87.81,80.32],[-87.02,79.66]]],[[[-68.5,83.10632],[-63.68,82.9],[-61.85,82.6286],[-61.89388,82.36165],[-64.334,81.92775],[-66.75342,81.72527],[-67.65755,81.50141],[-65.48031,81.50657],[-67.84,80.9],[-69.4697,80.61683],[-71.18,79.8],[-73.2428,79.63415],[-73.88,79.43016],[-76.90773,79.32309],[-75.52924,79.19766],[-76.22046,79.01907],[-75.39345,78.52581],[-76.34354,78.18296],[-77.88851,77.89991],[-78.36269,77.50859],[-79.75951,77.20968],[-79.61965,76.98336],[-77.91089,77.02205],[-77.88911,76.77796],[-80.56125,76.17812],[-83.17439,76.45403],[-86.11184,76.29901],[-89.49068,76.47239],[-89.6161,76.95213],[-87.76739,77.17833],[-88.26,77.9],[-87.65,77.97022],[-84.97634,77.53873],[-86.34,78.18],[-87.96192,78.37181],[-87.15198,78.75867],[-85.37868,78.9969],[-85.09495,79.34543],[-86.50734,79.73624],[-86.93179,80.25145],[-84.19844,80.20836],[-83.4087,80.1],[-81.84823,80.46442],[-84.1,80.58],[-87.59895,80.51627],[-89.36663,80.85569],[-90.2,81.26],[-91.36786,81.5531],[-91.58702,81.89429],[-86.97024,82.27961],[-85.5,82.65227],[-84.26,82.6],[-83.18,82.32],[-82.42,82.86],[-79.30664,83.13056],[-76.25,83.17206],[-75.71878,83.06404],[-72.83153,83.23324],[-68.5,83.10632]]],[[[-66.28243,18.51476],[-65.7713,18.42668],[-65.591,18.22803],[-65.84716,17.97591],[-67.18416,17.94655],[-67.24243,18.37446],[-67.10068,18.5206],[-66.28243,18.51476]]],[[[-155.54211,19.08348],[-155.68817,18.91619],[-155.93665,19.05939],[-155.90806,19.33888],[-156.07347,19.70294],[-155.85008,19.97729],[-155.86108,20.26721],[-155.22452,19.99302],[-154.80741,19.50871],[-155.54211,19.08348]]],[[[-156.07926,20.64397],[-156.41445,20.57241],[-156.71055,20.92676],[-156.61258,21.01249],[-156.25711,20.91745],[-155.99566,20.76404],[-156.07926,20.64397]]],[[[-156.75824,21.17684],[-156.78933,21.06873],[-157.32521,21.09777],[-157.25027,21.21958],[-156.75824,21.17684]]],[[[-157.65283,21.32217],[-158.12667,21.31244],[-158.29265,21.57912],[-158.0252,21.71696],[-157.65283,21.32217]]],[[[-159.34512,21.982],[-159.46372,21.88299],[-159.80051,22.06533],[-159.5962,22.23618],[-159.36569,22.21494],[-159.34512,21.982]]],[[[-153.00631,57.11584],[-154.00509,56.73468],[-154.5164,56.99275],[-154.67099,57.4612],[-153.22873,57.96897],[-152.56479,57.90143],[-152.14115,57.59106],[-153.00631,57.11584]]],[[[-165.57916,59.90999],[-166.19277,59.75444],[-167.45528,60.21307],[-166.46779,60.38417],[-165.67443,60.29361],[-165.57916,59.90999]]],[[[-171.73166,63.78252],[-171.11443,63.59219],[-170.49111,63.69498],[-169.68251,63.43112],[-168.68944,63.29751],[-168.77194,63.1886],[-169.52944,62.97693],[-170.67139,63.37582],[-171.55306,63.31779],[-171.79111,63.40585],[-171.73166,63.78252]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Canada\"}}]}","volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strome, W. M.","contributorId":291371,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strome","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lauer, D. T.","contributorId":47907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lauer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70233527,"text":"70233527 - 1977 - A reconnaissance investigation of a large meromictic lake in southeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-22T15:36:45.614705","indexId":"70233527","displayToPublicDate":"1977-05-01T10:14:34","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A reconnaissance investigation of a large meromictic lake in southeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"

Redoubt Lake is one of the largest documented meromictic lakes in North America. The chemocline extends in depth from 80 to 100 m (meters) and the steepest gradient is between 98 and 100 m. The monimolimnion is anoxic, contains hydrogen sulflde, and has a salinity about two-thirds that of seawater. Turnover appears to introduce additional sodium chloride from the chemocline to the mixolimnion, but diffusion is probably the dominant mixing mechanism. Vertical profiles show a dichothermic temperature curve. A minimum temperature of 3°C in the chemocline is unexplained, but higher temperatures in the monimolimnion may be a result of solar radiation. At the lower limit of the chemocline there is a sharp decrease in pH, which could be due to bacterial action. Redoubt Lake is probably a relict fiord. The data presented herein support the hypothesis that the lake was gradually isolated from the sea by uplift. While seawater was entering the lake, it probably mixed with the freshwater in the mixolimnion and therefore the monimolimnion is less saline than seawater. Geologic and geophysical evidence support the speculation that significant amounts of saltwater inflow probably ceased about 650-800 years before the present.

","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"McCoy, G.A., 1977, A reconnaissance investigation of a large meromictic lake in southeastern Alaska: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 3, p. 319-324.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"324","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404348,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404346,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue3/report.pdf","size":"20263 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Baranof Island, Kunaa Shak Áayi, Redoubt Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -135.34555435180664,\n 56.850380043532404\n ],\n [\n -135.34486770629883,\n 56.84925359716069\n ],\n [\n -135.3412628173828,\n 56.84962908305208\n ],\n [\n -135.34229278564453,\n 56.84850261407545\n ],\n [\n -135.33937454223633,\n 56.84831486594945\n ],\n [\n -135.34074783325195,\n 56.847751615920025\n ],\n [\n -135.33920288085938,\n 56.847000602694294\n ],\n [\n -135.33851623535156,\n 56.84568629328571\n ],\n [\n -135.33525466918945,\n 56.84578017405978\n ],\n [\n -135.33044815063477,\n 56.84587405459839\n ],\n [\n -135.32838821411133,\n 56.84624957439803\n ],\n [\n -135.32684326171875,\n 56.84812711688154\n ],\n [\n -135.32804489135742,\n 56.85113098894301\n ],\n [\n -135.32615661621094,\n 56.85375917920851\n ],\n [\n -135.32135009765622,\n 56.856856452182065\n ],\n [\n -135.31808853149414,\n 56.85873346253293\n ],\n [\n -135.31688690185547,\n 56.86051653513782\n ],\n [\n -135.31448364257812,\n 56.861548801484346\n ],\n [\n -135.31139373779297,\n 56.86267487773748\n ],\n [\n -135.31173706054688,\n 56.86173648321409\n ],\n [\n -135.3083038330078,\n 56.857982669693584\n ],\n [\n -135.3101921081543,\n 56.85601176679924\n ],\n [\n -135.30916213989258,\n 56.854791632022156\n ],\n [\n -135.30572891235352,\n 56.85817036931605\n ],\n [\n -135.3043556213379,\n 56.86089190801433\n ],\n [\n -135.3024673461914,\n 56.86164264246691\n ],\n [\n -135.29937744140625,\n 56.86427009439852\n ],\n [\n -135.296630859375,\n 56.86642822041429\n ],\n [\n -135.29457092285156,\n 56.867272670608656\n ],\n [\n -135.29268264770508,\n 56.86783562681172\n ],\n [\n -135.2918243408203,\n 56.870368824855184\n ],\n [\n -135.29062271118164,\n 56.87055646232824\n ],\n [\n -135.2885627746582,\n 56.87205752821654\n ],\n [\n -135.28461456298828,\n 56.873652344697\n ],\n [\n -135.28289794921875,\n 56.874778056550454\n ],\n [\n -135.28100967407227,\n 56.87543470614574\n ],\n [\n -135.27843475341797,\n 56.8759037345097\n ],\n [\n -135.2713966369629,\n 56.876466560779185\n ],\n [\n -135.2684783935547,\n 56.87871778112452\n ],\n [\n -135.2621269226074,\n 56.880030930386\n ],\n [\n -135.25869369506836,\n 56.8802185193719\n ],\n [\n -135.25028228759763,\n 56.883876316432556\n ],\n [\n -135.24547576904297,\n 56.8835949601367\n ],\n [\n -135.24238586425778,\n 56.883876316432556\n ],\n [\n -135.23963928222656,\n 56.88565819045327\n ],\n [\n -135.23534774780273,\n 56.88865904940164\n ],\n [\n -135.23225784301758,\n 56.88903413982649\n ],\n [\n -135.23208618164062,\n 56.890628232126815\n ],\n [\n -135.2300262451172,\n 56.89165966737598\n ],\n [\n -135.22762298583984,\n 56.892316020436944\n ],\n [\n -135.2255630493164,\n 56.89222225641991\n ],\n [\n -135.22281646728516,\n 56.893159886001385\n ],\n [\n -135.21560668945312,\n 56.89466004438744\n ],\n [\n -135.208740234375,\n 56.89578512364574\n ],\n [\n -135.2065086364746,\n 56.897097673289124\n ],\n [\n -135.20599365234375,\n 56.89822267913444\n ],\n [\n -135.19689559936523,\n 56.9019724539189\n ],\n [\n -135.19569396972653,\n 56.90365972975549\n ],\n [\n -135.19500732421875,\n 56.90469080524074\n ],\n [\n -135.1812744140625,\n 56.90750268460286\n ],\n [\n -135.17749786376953,\n 56.90890854488378\n ],\n [\n -135.17337799072263,\n 56.90975203564494\n ],\n [\n -135.1694297790527,\n 56.9105955073509\n ],\n [\n -135.16685485839844,\n 56.91040807084076\n ],\n [\n -135.16462326049805,\n 56.91209496555669\n ],\n [\n -135.16050338745117,\n 56.913125808139775\n ],\n [\n -135.16050338745117,\n 56.91406291306079\n ],\n [\n -135.15501022338867,\n 56.913875493958464\n ],\n [\n -135.14574050903317,\n 56.91593705233291\n ],\n [\n -135.14436721801758,\n 56.91593705233291\n ],\n [\n -135.14265060424805,\n 56.91678038430804\n ],\n [\n -135.1373291015625,\n 56.9175299967351\n ],\n [\n -135.13544082641602,\n 56.91846699109902\n ],\n [\n -135.1350975036621,\n 56.92193366572592\n ],\n [\n -135.1325225830078,\n 56.92268317465901\n ],\n [\n -135.1366424560547,\n 56.92333898262729\n ],\n [\n -135.1369857788086,\n 56.92408846333618\n ],\n [\n -135.142822265625,\n 56.923901094570155\n ],\n [\n -135.14711380004883,\n 56.92315161009808\n ],\n [\n -135.15106201171875,\n 56.92193366572592\n ],\n [\n -135.15380859375,\n 56.92174628614062\n ],\n [\n -135.15792846679688,\n 56.91968504860704\n ],\n [\n -135.1596450805664,\n 56.919497657731625\n ],\n [\n -135.16239166259766,\n 56.91902917642687\n ],\n [\n -135.16342163085938,\n 56.91790479730331\n ],\n [\n -135.1651382446289,\n 56.917998496857315\n ],\n [\n -135.16891479492188,\n 56.91771739748967\n ],\n [\n -135.17045974731445,\n 56.9168740866847\n ],\n [\n -135.17578125,\n 56.916499275766704\n ],\n [\n -135.18075942993164,\n 56.91490628737719\n ],\n [\n -135.18281936645508,\n 56.91378178405445\n ],\n [\n -135.18693923950195,\n 56.913125808139775\n ],\n [\n -135.1929473876953,\n 56.91031435223281\n ],\n [\n -135.1951789855957,\n 56.91068922525309\n ],\n [\n -135.2042770385742,\n 56.907783860893645\n ],\n [\n -135.2135467529297,\n 56.90619050058332\n ],\n [\n -135.21886825561523,\n 56.90459707228208\n ],\n [\n -135.2229881286621,\n 56.904409605658905\n ],\n [\n -135.22916793823242,\n 56.902628625802336\n ],\n [\n -135.2313995361328,\n 56.90253488766769\n ],\n [\n -135.24169921875,\n 56.901035045515336\n ],\n [\n -135.2471923828125,\n 56.89916015812345\n ],\n [\n -135.25732040405273,\n 56.89522258825202\n ],\n [\n -135.2621269226074,\n 56.89165966737598\n ],\n [\n -135.26229858398438,\n 56.89072200014422\n ],\n [\n -135.263671875,\n 56.890159388509886\n ],\n [\n -135.26641845703125,\n 56.890440695386\n ],\n [\n -135.2691650390625,\n 56.89025315770392\n ],\n [\n -135.2720832824707,\n 56.888565276207125\n ],\n [\n -135.27397155761716,\n 56.8883777291121\n ],\n [\n -135.27568817138672,\n 56.88772130686668\n ],\n [\n -135.28100967407227,\n 56.888096406704605\n ],\n [\n -135.28409957885742,\n 56.88603331100045\n ],\n [\n -135.28684616088867,\n 56.88528306614067\n ],\n [\n -135.28770446777344,\n 56.88575197094308\n ],\n [\n -135.2885627746582,\n 56.88659598476117\n ],\n [\n -135.29354095458984,\n 56.886408427782285\n ],\n [\n -135.29388427734375,\n 56.883876316432556\n ],\n [\n -135.29216766357422,\n 56.883407388096074\n ],\n [\n -135.28959274291992,\n 56.88321981511406\n ],\n [\n -135.29577255249023,\n 56.88040610741639\n ],\n [\n -135.30263900756836,\n 56.87656036433362\n ],\n [\n -135.30487060546872,\n 56.87487186434161\n ],\n [\n -135.30744552612305,\n 56.87430901406397\n ],\n [\n -135.30950546264646,\n 56.874778056550454\n ],\n [\n -135.31328201293945,\n 56.87505947921784\n ],\n [\n -135.3174018859863,\n 56.874684248523934\n ],\n [\n -135.3189468383789,\n 56.875247093152524\n ],\n [\n -135.3206634521484,\n 56.87412139542173\n ],\n [\n -135.32049179077148,\n 56.873089476059775\n ],\n [\n -135.31723022460938,\n 56.87215134283375\n ],\n [\n -135.31396865844727,\n 56.87130700280482\n ],\n [\n -135.31448364257812,\n 56.870368824855184\n ],\n [\n -135.31620025634766,\n 56.86989972705318\n ],\n [\n -135.3167152404785,\n 56.869149158329456\n ],\n [\n -135.3192901611328,\n 56.86952444457447\n ],\n [\n -135.32272338867188,\n 56.867647975685635\n ],\n [\n -135.3244400024414,\n 56.86586524302477\n ],\n [\n -135.32564163208008,\n 56.864176260007646\n ],\n [\n -135.32752990722656,\n 56.86136111881289\n ],\n [\n -135.32924652099607,\n 56.86051653513782\n ],\n [\n -135.32976150512695,\n 56.85863961425204\n ],\n [\n -135.33147811889648,\n 56.857794969129394\n ],\n [\n -135.33267974853516,\n 56.85817036931605\n ],\n [\n -135.3343963623047,\n 56.85695030493627\n ],\n [\n -135.3347396850586,\n 56.85441619793168\n ],\n [\n -135.3364562988281,\n 56.85441619793168\n ],\n [\n -135.3376579284668,\n 56.85526091933766\n ],\n [\n -135.3412628173828,\n 56.85432233882044\n ],\n [\n -135.3434944152832,\n 56.85291442389756\n ],\n [\n -135.3434944152832,\n 56.85150645599722\n ],\n [\n -135.34555435180664,\n 56.850380043532404\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCoy, George A.","contributorId":20300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCoy","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70233526,"text":"70233526 - 1977 - Analysis of the recharge potential of storm-water basins on Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-22T15:13:43.716017","indexId":"70233526","displayToPublicDate":"1977-05-01T09:48:55","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of the recharge potential of storm-water basins on Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"

Many of the more than 2,200 storm-water basins on Long Island, N.Y., are potential sites for infiltration of large volumes of reclaimed water (highly treated domestic and industrial sewage). By use of a finite-difference method of calculation, changes in basin storage during idealized high-intensity storms were determined for the North Massapequa basin, a typical basin on Long Island. Calculations for a 100- year storm, in which a runoff coefficient of 20 percent was used but in which infiltration rate, storm intensity, storm duration, and return period were varied, indicate that this test basin would not overflow even if the infiltration rate declined from its present 1.5 feet per hour (0.46 meter per hour) to about 0.03 ft/h (0.009 m/h). The large reserve capacity of the test basin and similar basins on Long Island demonstrates the feasibility of using storm-water basins for infiltration of a supplemental water supply (supplemental recharge). If reclaimed water were ponded to a depth of 4 ft (1.2 m) in the test basin and if water application were alternated for equal periods between the test basin and a nearby basin with similar characteristics, the volume of infiltration would be slightly more than two million gallons per day (0.09 cubic meters per second) at an infiltration rate of 1.5 ft/h (0.46 m/h). With supplemental recharge, 60 percent of available storage capacity would be used during a 10-yr storm, and 80 percent would be used during a 100-yr storm, using a runoff coefficient of 20 percent.

","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Aronson, D.A., and Prill, R.C., 1977, Analysis of the recharge potential of storm-water basins on Long Island, New York: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 3, p. 307-318.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"318","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404343,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404342,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue3/report.pdf","size":"20263 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.04510498046875,\n 40.561807971278185\n ],\n [\n -73.96270751953125,\n 40.55972134684838\n ],\n [\n -73.948974609375,\n 40.53050177574321\n ],\n [\n -73.78143310546875,\n 40.58267063809529\n ],\n [\n -73.575439453125,\n 40.56806745430726\n ],\n [\n -73.355712890625,\n 40.613952441166596\n ],\n [\n -73.2623291015625,\n 40.60769725157612\n ],\n [\n -73.13873291015625,\n 40.63688312646408\n ],\n [\n -72.96844482421875,\n 40.68896903762434\n ],\n [\n -72.4932861328125,\n 40.824201998489904\n ],\n [\n -72.18292236328125,\n 40.93841495689795\n ],\n [\n -71.86981201171875,\n 41.04207384890103\n ],\n [\n -71.83959960937499,\n 41.07935114946899\n ],\n [\n -71.9000244140625,\n 41.09384217129622\n ],\n [\n -71.96868896484375,\n 41.08142149109681\n ],\n [\n -72.09503173828125,\n 41.11660732012896\n ],\n [\n -72.19390869140625,\n 41.160046141686905\n ],\n [\n -72.17193603515625,\n 41.20138969929042\n ],\n [\n -72.36145019531249,\n 41.147637985391874\n ],\n [\n -72.42462158203125,\n 41.09798187627375\n ],\n [\n -72.4603271484375,\n 41.09591205639546\n ],\n [\n -72.48779296875,\n 41.0607151401866\n ],\n [\n -72.52349853515625,\n 41.04621681452063\n ],\n [\n -72.6416015625,\n 40.98819156349393\n ],\n [\n -72.67730712890625,\n 40.98819156349393\n ],\n [\n -72.762451171875,\n 40.977824533189505\n ],\n [\n -72.83111572265625,\n 40.97989806962013\n ],\n [\n -72.93548583984375,\n 40.97575093157534\n ],\n [\n -73.1195068359375,\n 40.98611828780413\n ],\n [\n -73.1744384765625,\n 40.96952973563832\n ],\n [\n -73.16070556640625,\n 40.93841495689795\n ],\n [\n -73.23760986328125,\n 40.91973905106219\n ],\n [\n -73.33648681640624,\n 40.94048973170136\n ],\n [\n -73.4051513671875,\n 40.96330795307353\n ],\n [\n -73.4326171875,\n 40.94048973170136\n ],\n [\n -73.487548828125,\n 40.948788179193485\n ],\n [\n -73.50677490234375,\n 40.9218144123785\n ],\n [\n -73.55621337890625,\n 40.925964939514294\n ],\n [\n -73.6468505859375,\n 40.907285514728756\n ],\n [\n -73.67706298828125,\n 40.86991083161536\n ],\n [\n -73.72650146484375,\n 40.88029480552824\n ],\n [\n -73.795166015625,\n 40.81588791441588\n ],\n [\n -73.8995361328125,\n 40.79509814519895\n ],\n [\n -73.94073486328125,\n 40.77430186363723\n ],\n [\n -73.97369384765625,\n 40.734770989672406\n ],\n [\n -74.0643310546875,\n 40.64730356252251\n ],\n [\n -74.04510498046875,\n 40.561807971278185\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aronson, David A.","contributorId":89112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aronson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prill, Robert C.","contributorId":86317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prill","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70204858,"text":"70204858 - 1977 - Interactions of nutrients, plant growth and herbivory in a mangrove ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-20T09:47:39","indexId":"70204858","displayToPublicDate":"1977-05-01T09:37:04","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactions of nutrients, plant growth and herbivory in a mangrove ecosystem","docAbstract":"

The effect of nutrient enrichment of red mangroves (Rhizophora mangle) was studied by comparing two mangrove—covered islands in the Indian River at Ft. Pierce, Florida, USA, one (high nutrient) with and one (low nutrient) without a breeding colony of pelicans and egrets. Repeated measurements taken on > 100 tagged branches in each area revealed higher growth rates at the high nutrient site. Trees at the high nutrient site showed greater additions of (1) leaves; (2) reproductive parts; (3) new lateral branches; and (4) larger increments to existing stems. Growth in the fertilized stand also began earlier in the year and had a second maximum not shared by the low nutrient area. Both leaves and fruits at the high nutrient site were richer in nitrogen. More striking than the effects on plant growth, however, was the proportionately much greater stimulation of herbivory by insects in response to nutrient enrichment. Larvae of the five lepidopteran species that we observed feeding on buds or leaves were either more abundant or only present in the high nutrient area, as was the scolytid beetle that infested seedlings before they dropped from the parent tree. This difference in herbivory between sites disappeared when the birds seasonally migrated away from their nesting areas at the high nutrient site. This observation and the demonstration that the mangrove skipper Phocides pigmalion attains a higher growth efficiency on high nutrient leaves are both consistent with the hypothesis that increased nutritive value of vegetation (correlated with the increased concentration of nitrogen) is responsible for the 4x greater losses to herbivores in the high nutrient. Implications for environmental management and in more complex communities are discussed.

","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1939001","usgsCitation":"Onuf, C.P., Teal, J.M., and Valiela, I., 1977, Interactions of nutrients, plant growth and herbivory in a mangrove ecosystem: Ecology, v. 58, no. 3, p. 514-526, https://doi.org/10.2307/1939001.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"514","endPage":"526","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366683,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Indian River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.33520698547362,\n 27.466165116128437\n ],\n [\n -80.30679702758789,\n 27.466165116128437\n ],\n [\n -80.30679702758789,\n 27.48345120431016\n ],\n [\n -80.33520698547362,\n 27.48345120431016\n ],\n [\n -80.33520698547362,\n 27.466165116128437\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Onuf, Christopher P.","contributorId":55091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Onuf","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Teal, John M.","contributorId":218237,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Teal","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Valiela, Ivan","contributorId":189387,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Valiela","given":"Ivan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70233521,"text":"70233521 - 1977 - Streamflow characteristics related to channel geometry in the Missouri River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-22T14:38:13.697974","indexId":"70233521","displayToPublicDate":"1977-05-01T09:21:31","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Streamflow characteristics related to channel geometry in the Missouri River basin","docAbstract":"

The relation of flood-frequency characteristics and mean annual runoff values to active-channel and depositional-bar geometry are presented for six regions in the Missouri River basin. Equations were derived by regression analyses based on the correlation of flow characteristics with the dimensions of the channel geometry. The flow characteristics also were related to the drainage area and a precipitation parameter for comparison. Data for continuous-record gaging stations were used in the derivation. The standard errors for the equations relating either active-channel or depositional-bar widths to mean annual runoff ranged from 26 to 53 percent. The equations relating either active-channel or depositional-bar widths to the flood-frequency discharges of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years had standard errors ranging from 29 to 84 percent.

","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Hedman, E.R., and Kastner, W.M., 1977, Streamflow characteristics related to channel geometry in the Missouri River basin: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 3, p. 285-300.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"285","endPage":"300","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404336,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404333,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue3/report.pdf","size":"20263 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alberta, Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Saskatchewan, South Dakota, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.99414062499999,\n 45.75219336063106\n ],\n [\n -113.00537109375,\n 44.574817404670306\n ],\n [\n -112.12646484375,\n 44.653024159812\n ],\n [\n -111.4453125,\n 45.089035564831036\n ],\n [\n -110.63232421875,\n 45.460130637921004\n ],\n [\n -109.57763671875,\n 44.96479793033101\n ],\n [\n -109.18212890625,\n 43.77109381775651\n ],\n [\n -109.48974609375,\n 43.40504748787035\n ],\n [\n -108.7646484375,\n 42.56926437219384\n ],\n [\n -107.16064453125,\n 42.22851735620852\n ],\n [\n -107.1826171875,\n 41.02964338716638\n ],\n [\n -106.01806640624999,\n 40.91351257612758\n ],\n [\n -105.3369140625,\n 40.51379915504413\n ],\n [\n -105.46875,\n 39.85915479295669\n ],\n [\n -105.00732421875,\n 38.61687046392973\n ],\n [\n -105.44677734375,\n 38.46219172306828\n ],\n [\n -105.0732421875,\n 37.84015683604136\n ],\n [\n -91.77978515625,\n 37.50972584293751\n ],\n [\n -91.16455078125,\n 38.013476231041935\n ],\n [\n -90.2197265625,\n 38.18638677411551\n ],\n [\n -89.69238281249999,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -90.10986328125,\n 38.95940879245423\n ],\n [\n -91.38427734374999,\n 39.04478604850143\n ],\n [\n -92.1533203125,\n 40.97989806962013\n ],\n [\n -94.10888671875,\n 41.47566020027821\n ],\n [\n -94.72412109375,\n 43.48481212891603\n ],\n [\n -96.39404296875,\n 44.91813929958515\n ],\n [\n -96.78955078125,\n 44.96479793033101\n ],\n [\n -99.25048828124999,\n 47.234489635299184\n ],\n [\n -100.0634765625,\n 48.04870994288686\n ],\n [\n -101.09619140625,\n 48.180738507303836\n ],\n [\n -101.84326171875,\n 48.60385760823255\n ],\n [\n -104.08447265624999,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -104.04052734375,\n 49.42526716083716\n ],\n [\n -108.5009765625,\n 50.12057809796008\n ],\n [\n -109.97314453125,\n 49.993615462541136\n ],\n [\n -110.85205078124999,\n 49.95121990866204\n ],\n [\n -112.8515625,\n 49.724479188712984\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 49.32512199104001\n ],\n [\n -113.6865234375,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -113.3349609375,\n 48.356249029540734\n ],\n [\n -112.9833984375,\n 48.180738507303836\n ],\n [\n -112.78564453124999,\n 47.90161354142077\n ],\n [\n -112.763671875,\n 47.47266286861342\n ],\n [\n -112.60986328125,\n 47.07012182383309\n ],\n [\n -112.82958984375,\n 46.49839225859763\n ],\n [\n -113.22509765625,\n 46.07323062540835\n ],\n [\n -113.99414062499999,\n 45.75219336063106\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hedman, E. R.","contributorId":71527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedman","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kastner, W. M.","contributorId":67921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kastner","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70233519,"text":"70233519 - 1977 - Derivation of solute-transport equations for a turbulent natural-channel flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-22T14:20:07.217634","indexId":"70233519","displayToPublicDate":"1977-05-01T09:14:30","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Derivation of solute-transport equations for a turbulent natural-channel flow","docAbstract":"

The continuity equation of water and the convection-diffusion equation for a solute are derived by use of an orthogonal curvilinear (natural) coordinate system, which follows the meandering and irregular pattern of natural channel geometry. The solute is assumed to be neutrally buoyant, conservative, and passive. The three-, two-, and one-dimensional equations derived herein represent one of the most satisfactory descriptions of solute transport by turbulent flow in a natural channel.

","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Yotsukura, N., 1977, Derivation of solute-transport equations for a turbulent natural-channel flow: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 3, p. 277-284.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"284","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404329,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404328,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue3/report.pdf","size":"20263 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yotsukura, Nobuhiro","contributorId":81884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yotsukura","given":"Nobuhiro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70233562,"text":"70233562 - 1977 - Determination of 22 minor and trace elements in 8 new USGS standard rocks by instrumental activation analysis with epithermal neutrons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-25T14:15:23.262596","indexId":"70233562","displayToPublicDate":"1977-05-01T08:59:54","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of 22 minor and trace elements in 8 new USGS standard rocks by instrumental activation analysis with epithermal neutrons","docAbstract":"

Epithermal neutron-activation analyses results of the 8 new USGS standard rocks are compared with results by spectrographic, X-ray fluorimetric, atomic absorption, radiochemical neutron-activation, instrumental neutron-activation (thermal neutrons), isotope-dilution mass spectrometric, spectrofluorimetric, radioisotopic dilution and delayed-neutron techniques for 22 elements. Results indicate the technique to be useful and dependable especially for Ni, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ba, Tm, Ta, Th and U.

","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Rowe, J., and Steinnes, E., 1977, Determination of 22 minor and trace elements in 8 new USGS standard rocks by instrumental activation analysis with epithermal neutrons: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 3, p. 397-402.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"397","endPage":"402","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404425,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404424,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue3/report.pdf","size":"20263 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowe, J.J.","contributorId":29460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steinnes, Eiliv","contributorId":293607,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steinnes","given":"Eiliv","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70233561,"text":"70233561 - 1977 - A new method for determining the solubility of salts in aqueous solutions at elevated temperatures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-25T13:59:01.479685","indexId":"70233561","displayToPublicDate":"1977-05-01T08:47:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new method for determining the solubility of salts in aqueous solutions at elevated temperatures","docAbstract":"

A new method for measuring the solubility of simple salts in water at elevated temperatures involves heating assemblages of salt crystals plus solution vapor at a constant rate in a platinum-lined bomb. The dissolution of the last salt crystal is evidenced by a distinct discontinuity in the pressure-temperature curve. Studies of the solubilities of NaCl and of KC1 in water yielded equations expressing the solubility as functions of temperature, t in °C, at the vapor pressure of the solutions as follows:

weight percent NaCl=26.218+0.0072t+0.000106t2±0.05 weight percent NaCl

weight percent KCl=27.839+0.0794t+0.000027t2±0.10 weight percent KCl

The NaCl and KC1 data were measured over the temperature range 148° to 425°C and 148° to 371°C, respectively. However, the equation for NaCl appears to be valid over the range 0° to 800°C, and the KC1 equation appears valid over the range 100° to 450°C.

","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Potter, R.W., Babcock, S., and Brown, D.L., 1977, A new method for determining the solubility of salts in aqueous solutions at elevated temperatures: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 3, p. 389-395.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"389","endPage":"395","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404423,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404422,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue3/report.pdf","size":"20263 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Potter, Robert W. II","contributorId":67899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"Robert","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Babcock, Scott","contributorId":293606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Babcock","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, David L.","contributorId":55425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70233560,"text":"70233560 - 1977 - Distribution of some biostratigraphically diagnostic ostracodes in the Pliocene and lower Pleistocene of Virginia and northern North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-25T13:43:29.258911","indexId":"70233560","displayToPublicDate":"1977-05-01T08:27:56","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of some biostratigraphically diagnostic ostracodes in the Pliocene and lower Pleistocene of Virginia and northern North Carolina","docAbstract":"

Ostracodes are abundant and diverse in Pliocene and lower Pleistocene deposits of Virginia and North Carolina. Many readily identified species are short ranging or have well-defined beginning and (or) end points to their stratigraphic range. These microscopic crustaceans, therefore, are very useful in zonation and correlation in the region. In this paper, 54 particularly useful species are illustrated, and their ranges are indicated graphically. The range zones, concurrent range zones, and local range zones of these forms allow the recognition of the chronozones of previously proposed ostracode assemblage zones in Virginia and North Carolina as well as in other regions.

","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Hazel, J.E., 1977, Distribution of some biostratigraphically diagnostic ostracodes in the Pliocene and lower Pleistocene of Virginia and northern North Carolina: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 3, p. 373-388.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"373","endPage":"388","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404421,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404420,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue3/report.pdf","size":"20263 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.190185546875,\n 35.11990857099681\n ],\n [\n -75.673828125,\n 35.53222622770337\n ],\n [\n -75.52001953125,\n 35.92464453144099\n ],\n [\n -75.728759765625,\n 36.474306755095235\n ],\n [\n -75.904541015625,\n 36.958671131530316\n ],\n [\n -75.4541015625,\n 37.83148014503288\n ],\n [\n -78.44238281249999,\n 37.996162679728116\n ],\n [\n -79.1015625,\n 35.05698043137265\n ],\n [\n -76.190185546875,\n 35.11990857099681\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hazel, Joseph E. Jr.","contributorId":15609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hazel","given":"Joseph","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":847412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70233559,"text":"70233559 - 1977 - Depositional environments as a guide to uranium mineralization in the Chinle Formation, San Rafael Swell, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-25T13:25:57.9602","indexId":"70233559","displayToPublicDate":"1977-05-01T08:15:02","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Depositional environments as a guide to uranium mineralization in the Chinle Formation, San Rafael Swell, Utah","docAbstract":"

Uranium deposits in the San Rafael Swell are related to sedimentary depositional environments in the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation. The sedimentary textures resulting from depositional processes operating in low-energy environments appear to have influenced uranium mineralization. The Ohinle consists of three fining-upward, fluvial-lacustrine sequences. Uranium minerals are concentrated in the lower part of the lowest sequence in areas where sediments of low-energy environments are complexly interbedded with sediments of other environments. Areas favorable for uranium exploration exist in the subsurface to the north, west, and south of the Chinle outcrop in the Swell. This determination is based on the spatial distribution of depositional environments and the pattern of Chinle deposition through time.

","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Lupe, R., 1977, Depositional environments as a guide to uranium mineralization in the Chinle Formation, San Rafael Swell, Utah: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 3, p. 365-372.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"365","endPage":"372","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404419,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404418,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue3/report.pdf","size":"20263 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Chinle Formation, Colorado Plateau, San Rafael Swell","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.75180053710938,\n 38.60721278935162\n ],\n [\n -110.66253662109375,\n 38.66942832560808\n ],\n [\n -110.58975219726562,\n 38.67586133295116\n ],\n [\n -110.52108764648438,\n 38.76479194327964\n ],\n [\n -110.46615600585938,\n 38.84291652482239\n ],\n [\n -110.41397094726562,\n 38.94338908847991\n ],\n [\n -110.42495727539062,\n 39.01278165162774\n ],\n [\n -110.45379638671874,\n 39.06184913429154\n ],\n [\n -110.54443359375,\n 39.07784203269269\n ],\n [\n -110.60623168945312,\n 39.08423817730926\n ],\n [\n -110.68450927734375,\n 39.12153746241925\n ],\n [\n -110.68588256835938,\n 39.09063374203144\n ],\n [\n -110.72708129882811,\n 39.105554471086165\n ],\n [\n -110.76553344726561,\n 39.09063374203144\n ],\n [\n -110.81222534179688,\n 39.09276546806873\n ],\n [\n -110.87539672851561,\n 39.06504800388501\n ],\n [\n -110.88226318359375,\n 39.01384869832171\n ],\n [\n -110.9124755859375,\n 39.01491572891582\n ],\n [\n -110.9124755859375,\n 38.98503278695909\n ],\n [\n -110.94268798828125,\n 38.92309226598178\n ],\n [\n -110.9344482421875,\n 38.852542390364235\n ],\n [\n -110.99349975585938,\n 38.82580065919523\n ],\n [\n -111.0333251953125,\n 38.83863794429496\n ],\n [\n -111.03881835937499,\n 38.80440003947544\n ],\n [\n -111.10748291015625,\n 38.7637211488416\n ],\n [\n -111.09374999999999,\n 38.71766178810086\n ],\n [\n -111.0333251953125,\n 38.6897975322717\n ],\n [\n -111.0113525390625,\n 38.65227081329621\n ],\n [\n -110.90011596679688,\n 38.609359051609665\n ],\n [\n -110.75180053710938,\n 38.60721278935162\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lupe, Robert","contributorId":38130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lupe","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70009887,"text":"70009887 - 1977 - The age of groundwater in the Lincolnshire Limestone, England and its relevance to the flow mechanism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T15:58:16.607618","indexId":"70009887","displayToPublicDate":"1977-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The age of groundwater in the Lincolnshire Limestone, England and its relevance to the flow mechanism","docAbstract":"

Groundwater samples from the Lincolnshire Limestone have been analysed for tritium, radiocarbon, and the stable-isotope ratios 13C12C\">13C12C, 18O16O\">18O16O and D/H. The age of the water increases in a downgradient direction below overlying confining deposits and reaches a maximum age greater than 25,000 years within 15 km of the outcrop. The δ 13C ratio ultimately attains the unusually low negative values of −2‰ in a downgradient direction; this is approaching that of the aquifer matrix which is +2.35‰. The reason is believed to be exchange of carbon between the groundwater and the matrix by a continuous process of precipitation and further solution of calcium carbonate.

The δ 18O and δ D ratios imply that recharge of the aquifer during the late Pleistocene took place in the spring and autumn rather than the winter as at present. The data are interpreted by assuming that movement of water through the saturated zone is a combination of flow in fissures and “piston flow” through the micro-fissures and pores of the rock. The mechanism of water movement in the saturated zone is dominated by relatively rapid flow in fissures, but the fissure flow includes a contribution of much older water from “intergranular” storage which enters the fissures from the rock matrix by pressure differentials in the fissure distribution system and by diffusion. The distribution of water of different ages in the aquifer is closely related to recent groundwater abstraction patterns.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(77)90035-X","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Downing, R., Smith, D.B., Pearson, F., Monkhouse, R., and Otlet, R., 1977, The age of groundwater in the Lincolnshire Limestone, England and its relevance to the flow mechanism: Journal of Hydrology, v. 33, no. 3-4, p. 201-216, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(77)90035-X.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"216","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219493,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"England","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -1.569367198611502,\n 55.83344865674502\n ],\n [\n -4.00421712081976,\n 54.53734668289741\n ],\n [\n -2.7970653838435595,\n 51.74310947717444\n ],\n [\n -3.0625949000342825,\n 51.38897089027556\n ],\n [\n -4.598480869790404,\n 51.135281217092206\n ],\n [\n -6.286147946606356,\n 49.94852677318424\n ],\n [\n -3.7972539932850147,\n 50.10098547629013\n ],\n [\n -1.569367198611502,\n 50.64508635165089\n ],\n [\n 1.2405774951434125,\n 50.83804783552037\n ],\n [\n 2.008712239038232,\n 52.58363962347701\n ],\n [\n 0.5593430736501261,\n 54.18134611667105\n ],\n [\n -1.569367198611502,\n 55.83344865674502\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9aee4b08c986b322427","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Downing, R.A.","contributorId":25293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pearson, F.J.","contributorId":58262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearson","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Monkhouse, R.A.","contributorId":15071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monkhouse","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Otlet, R.L.","contributorId":76998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otlet","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70209765,"text":"70209765 - 1977 - Discrimination of hydrothermal altered and unaltered rocks in visible and near infrared multispectral images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-24T17:21:36.439913","indexId":"70209765","displayToPublicDate":"1977-04-24T12:16:15","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discrimination of hydrothermal altered and unaltered rocks in visible and near infrared multispectral images","docAbstract":"

Mineralogical differences between altered rocks and most unaltered rocks in south-central Nevada cause visible and near-infrared (0.45 to 2.4 mu m) spectral-reflectance differences which can be used to discriminate these broad categories of rocks in multispectral images. The most important mineralogical differences are the increased abundance of goethite, hematite, and jarosite, and the presence of alunite, montmorillonite, and kaolinite in the altered rocks. Analysis of reflectance spectra recorded in the field showed that the altered rock spectra are characterized by broad absorption bands in the 0.45-0.50 mu m and 0.85-0.95 mu m regions which are due to electronic processes in the iron ions, and a band near 2.2 mu m which is due to vibrational processes in the OH ions. These features are absent or weak in most of the unaltered rock spectra. Therefore, the shapes of the 0.45-2.4 mu m spectra for these altered and unaltered rocks are conspicuously different. However, because of the wavelength positions and widths of the Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) bands, these spectral differences are not apparent in individual or color-infrared composite MSS images.The technique developed to enhance these subtle spectral differences combines rationing of the MSS bands and contrast stretching. The stretched ratio values are used to produce black-and-white images which depict materials according to spectral reflectance; ratioing minimizes the influence of topography and overall albedo on the grouping of spectrally similar materials. Color compositing of two or more stretched ratio images to form color-ratio composites provides additional enhancement. The most effective color-ratio composite for discriminating between the altered and unaltered areas, as well as among many of the unaltered rocks in south-central Nevada, was prepared using the following diazo color and stretched ratio image combinations: blue for MSS 4/5, yellow for MSS 5/6, and magenta for MSS 6/7. Altered areas appear green and brown in this combination.Field evaluation of this color-ratio composite shows that excluding alluvial areas, approximately 80 percent of the green and brown color patterns are related to hydrothermal alteration. The remaining 20 percent consists mainly of pink hematitic crystallized tuff, a result of vapor-phase crystallization, and of tan and red ferruginous shale and siltstone. Discrimination of this unaltered tuff from the altered rocks may be possible in the 2.2 mu m region because this absorption band is absent in the tuff spectra. However, because the shale and siltstone are mineralogically and spectrally similar to the altered rocks, there appears to be little prospect of distinguishing these rocks from altered rocks in visible and near-infrared multispectral images.

","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1190/1.1440723","usgsCitation":"Rowan, L.C., Goetz, A.F., and Ashley, R.P., 1977, Discrimination of hydrothermal altered and unaltered rocks in visible and near infrared multispectral images: Geophysics, v. 42, no. 3, p. 522-535, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1440723.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"522","endPage":"535","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":374260,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"South Central Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.89404296875,\n 38.25543637637947\n ],\n [\n -117.35595703124999,\n 37.10776507118514\n ],\n [\n -117.39990234375,\n 38.46219172306828\n ],\n [\n -118.89404296875,\n 38.51378825951165\n ],\n [\n -118.89404296875,\n 38.25543637637947\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowan, L. C.","contributorId":40584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goetz, Alexander F.H.","contributorId":43747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goetz","given":"Alexander","middleInitial":"F.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ashley, Roger P. ashley@usgs.gov","contributorId":2749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashley","given":"Roger","email":"ashley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":787923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70209764,"text":"70209764 - 1977 - Mapping of hydrothermal alteration in the Cuprite mining district, Nevada, using aircraft scanner images for the spectral region 0.46 to 2.36µm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-24T16:57:44.507298","indexId":"70209764","displayToPublicDate":"1977-04-24T11:51:35","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping of hydrothermal alteration in the Cuprite mining district, Nevada, using aircraft scanner images for the spectral region 0.46 to 2.36µm","docAbstract":"

Color composites of Landsat Multispectral Scanner ratio images that display variations in the intensity of ferric-iron absorption bands are highly effective for mapping limonitic altered rocks but are ineffective for mapping nonlimonitic altered rocks. Analysis of 0.45- to 2.5-µm field and laboratory spectra shows that iron-deficient opalized rocks in the Cuprite mining district, Nevada, have an intense OH-absorption band near 2.2 µm, owing to their content of clay minerals and alunite, and that this spectral feature is absent or weak in adjacent unaltered tuff and basalt. Altered rocks in the district can be discriminated from unaltered rocks with few ambiguities by use of color-ratio composite images derived from multispectral (0.46 to 2.36 µm) aircraft data. In addition, some effects of mineralogical zoning can be discriminated within the altered area. Only variations in amounts of limonite can be discerned in shorter wavelength aircraft data, Landsat Multispectral Scanner bands, and color aerial photographs.

","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1977)5<713:MOHAIT>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Adams, M.J., Ashley, R.P., Rowan, L.C., Goetz, A.F., and Kahle, A., 1977, Mapping of hydrothermal alteration in the Cuprite mining district, Nevada, using aircraft scanner images for the spectral region 0.46 to 2.36µm: Geology, v. 5, no. 12, p. 713-718, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1977)5<713:MOHAIT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"713","endPage":"718","costCenters":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374259,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Cuprite mining district","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.43286132812499,\n 38.112949789189614\n ],\n [\n -116.62536621093749,\n 38.112949789189614\n ],\n [\n -116.62536621093749,\n 38.805470223177466\n ],\n [\n -117.43286132812499,\n 38.805470223177466\n ],\n [\n -117.43286132812499,\n 38.112949789189614\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, M. J. 0000-0001-8844-042X mjadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-042X","contributorId":3133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"mjadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ashley, Roger P. ashley@usgs.gov","contributorId":2749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashley","given":"Roger","email":"ashley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":787917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowan, L. C.","contributorId":40584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goetz, Alexander F.H.","contributorId":43747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goetz","given":"Alexander","middleInitial":"F.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kahle, A.B.","contributorId":36928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kahle","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70199453,"text":"70199453 - 1977 - Economic basis of resource information systems: The case of streamflow network design ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T10:50:45","indexId":"70199453","displayToPublicDate":"1977-04-18T14:15:33","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Economic basis of resource information systems: The case of streamflow network design ","docAbstract":"

A general method for the economic design of natural resource information systems is presented for a certain class of natural phenomena. The system design is determined by the interaction of the technical input‐output relationship, i.e., the production function, the set of resource constraints, and an economic loss function defined in terms of parameter uncertainty. An application of the proposed method to streamflow network design is presented. Results of this analysis indicate that the method is fairly robust with respect to the assumptions. Observations are made which suggest extensions to flood measurement networks, long‐term precipitation networks, and seismic observation network design.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR013i002p00273","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E., and Karlinger, M., 1977, Economic basis of resource information systems: The case of streamflow network design : Water Resources Research, v. 13, no. 2, p. 273-280, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR013i002p00273.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"280","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357447,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, Emil D. 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":198728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil D.","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlinger, M.R.","contributorId":95039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlinger","given":"M.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70121537,"text":"70121537 - 1977 - Pleistocene barrier bar seaward of ooid shoal complex near Miami, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-25T16:37:36.462267","indexId":"70121537","displayToPublicDate":"1977-04-01T12:40:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pleistocene barrier bar seaward of ooid shoal complex near Miami, Florida","docAbstract":"

An ooid sand barrier bar of Pleistocene age was deposited along the seaward side of an ooid shoal complex southwest of Miami, Florida. The bar is 35 km long, about 0.8 km wide, elongate parallel with the trend of the ooid shoal complex and perpendicular to channels between individual shoals. A depression 1.6 km wide, interpreted as a back-barrier channel, isolates the bar from the ooid shoals. During sea-level fall and subaerial exposure of the bar, the ooid sand was cemented in place, preventing migration of the barrier. No Holocene analogue of this sand body is recognized, perhaps because of the relative youthfulness of Holocene ooid shoals. This Pleistocene ooid shoal complex, with its reservoir-size barrier bar, may serve as a refined model for exploration in ancient ooid sand belts.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/C1EA3D7A-16C9-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Halley, R., Shinn, S., Hudson, J., and Lidz, B.H., 1977, Pleistocene barrier bar seaward of ooid shoal complex near Miami, Florida: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 61, no. 4, p. 519-526, https://doi.org/10.1306/C1EA3D7A-16C9-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"519","endPage":"526","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292874,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.5496,25.3987 ], [ -80.5496,25.8 ], [ -80.175,25.8 ], [ -80.175,25.3987 ], [ -80.5496,25.3987 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"61","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f8597de4b03f038c5c1892","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halley, Robert B.","contributorId":45692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halley","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":499170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shinn, Shinn","contributorId":301218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shinn","given":"Shinn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hudson, J. Harold","contributorId":54897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"J. Harold","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lidz, Barbara H. blidz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidz","given":"Barbara","email":"blidz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":499168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5220963,"text":"5220963 - 1977 - Mid-Atlantic coast osprey population: Present numbers, productivity, pollutant contamination, and status","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-14T19:47:12.58436","indexId":"5220963","displayToPublicDate":"1977-04-01T12:19:22","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mid-Atlantic coast osprey population: Present numbers, productivity, pollutant contamination, and status","docAbstract":"

An estimated 233 + 16 (95% C.I.) pairs of ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) nested in coastal New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia in 1975. The present populations were considerably smaller than those reported for selected locations at the turn of the century in these four states. The New Jersey population has continued to decline during the last 25 years, although it showed some signs of improved production in 1974-75. The insecticide DDT was used intensively in New Jersey for mosquito control from about 1946 until 1966; its use in the other states was much less intensive, and of shorter duration. In a segment of the pelaware population of ospreys, production was normal and numbers increased slightly in 1970-75. Fragmentary information from Maryland suggests that the number of pairs nesting on duck blinds was about the same in 1958 and 1975. The population in coastal Virginia north of Cape Henry increased from 1970 to 1975. DDE residues in osprey eggs were highest in the areas showing the greatest population declines and the lowest production rates.

","language":"English","doi":"10.2307/3800602","usgsCitation":"Henny, C.J., Byrd, M.A., Jacobs, J., McLain, P., Todd, M., and Halla, B., 1977, Mid-Atlantic coast osprey population: Present numbers, productivity, pollutant contamination, and status: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 41, no. 2, p. 254-265, https://doi.org/10.2307/3800602.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"254","endPage":"265","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198451,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a57e4b07f02db62e8ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byrd, M. A.","contributorId":49477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrd","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jacobs, J.A.","contributorId":97599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobs","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McLain, P.D.","contributorId":97596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLain","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Todd, M.R.","contributorId":53497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Halla, B.F.","contributorId":74104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halla","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70236968,"text":"70236968 - 1977 - Monitoring irrigated land acreage using Landsat imagery: An application example","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-23T16:34:15.699783","indexId":"70236968","displayToPublicDate":"1977-04-01T11:24:27","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Monitoring irrigated land acreage using Landsat imagery: An application example","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"11th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment","conferenceDate":"April 25-29, 1977","conferenceLocation":"Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Research Institute of Michigan","usgsCitation":"Draeger, W.C., 1977, Monitoring irrigated land acreage using Landsat imagery: An application example, in Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, April 25-29, 1977, p. 515-524.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"515","endPage":"524","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407266,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":407265,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://symposia.org/past_symposia.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.49755859375,\n 42.049292638686836\n ],\n [\n -117.344970703125,\n 42.01665183556825\n ],\n [\n -117.23510742187501,\n 42.771211138625894\n ],\n [\n -117.147216796875,\n 43.57243174740972\n ],\n [\n -117.828369140625,\n 44.4808302785626\n ],\n [\n -119.39941406249999,\n 44.83249999349062\n ],\n [\n -120.970458984375,\n 44.25306865928177\n ],\n [\n -121.10229492187501,\n 43.16512263158296\n ],\n [\n -122.508544921875,\n 42.431565872579185\n ],\n [\n -122.49755859375,\n 42.049292638686836\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Draeger, William C.","contributorId":46522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draeger","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":852859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1007784,"text":"1007784 - 1977 - Sterility among female lizards (Uta stansburiana) exposed to continuous gamma irradiation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-14T15:45:08.786615","indexId":"1007784","displayToPublicDate":"1977-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3224,"text":"Radiation Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sterility among female lizards (Uta stansburiana) exposed to continuous gamma irradiation","docAbstract":"

A natural population of the lizard Uta stansburiana occupying a fenced 9-ha area in southern Nevada was exposed to essentially continuous γ irradiation from an artificial source between February 1964 and September 1973. Tissue doses were estimated using implanted lithium fluoride microdosimeters. Females became sterile as early as 11 months of age, but many were still fertile at ages of 20 months and a very few may have reproduced at 32 months. Dosimetry showed some females to be sterile after accumulated doses of around 500 rad, while others may have required 1000 or more rad. One female estimated to have received over 1200 rad was still reproductive. Irradiated females may pass through a state of half sterility, during which time they possess one functional ovary. Female U. stansburiana are sterilized at lower doses than the sterilizing dose (1500 rad) previously suggested for the leopard lizard, Crotaphytus wislizenii.

","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","doi":"10.2307/3574739","usgsCitation":"Turner, F., and Medica, P., 1977, Sterility among female lizards (Uta stansburiana) exposed to continuous gamma irradiation: Radiation Research, v. 70, no. 1, p. 154-163, https://doi.org/10.2307/3574739.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"154","endPage":"163","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129887,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"southern Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.85917479708911,\n 37.53045764413265\n ],\n [\n -115.26217562525778,\n 35.48886189107081\n ],\n [\n -114.47283015098797,\n 34.669013146839035\n ],\n [\n -114.04438866481567,\n 34.862210559167366\n ],\n [\n -114.04438866481567,\n 37.64459407689792\n ],\n [\n -117.85917479708911,\n 37.53045764413265\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"70","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4434","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turner, F.B.","contributorId":95414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"F.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Medica, P.A.","contributorId":77079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medica","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1001517,"text":"1001517 - 1977 - Duck nesting in intensively farmed areas of North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-14T20:12:31.256062","indexId":"1001517","displayToPublicDate":"1977-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Duck nesting in intensively farmed areas of North Dakota","docAbstract":"

A study to determine the major factors limiting duck nesting and production on intensively farmed areas in eastern North Dakota was conducted from 1969 through 1974. A total of 186 duck nests was found during searches on 6,018 ha of upland. Nest density per km2 for 5 major habitat types was 20.2 in untilled upland, 3.7 in standing grain stubble, 1.6 in mulched grain stubble, 1.2 in summer fallow, and 1.1 in growing grain. Pintails (Anas acuta) nested in cultivated cropland types in greater prevalence than other duck species. Nest densities were 12 times greater on untilled upland (20.2/km2) than on annually tilled cropland (1.7/km2), and hatched-clutch densities were 16 times greater on untilled upland (4.8/km2) than on annually tilled cropland (0.3/km2). Hatching success was greater on untilled upland (25%) than on tilled cropland (17%). Of 186 nests found, 77 percent did not hatch; 76 percent of the failures were attributed to predators and 19 percent to farming operations. Poor quality nesting cover, the result of intensive land use practices, and nesting failures caused by machinery and predators mainly mammals, were the principal factors limiting duck nesting and production on intensively farmed areas.

","language":"English","doi":"10.2307/3800600","usgsCitation":"Higgins, K., 1977, Duck nesting in intensively farmed areas of North Dakota: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 41, no. 2, p. 232-242, https://doi.org/10.2307/3800600.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"232","endPage":"242","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133769,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-98.724375,45.938686],[-100.720865,45.944024],[-104.045443,45.94531],[-104.046822,46.000199],[-104.045333,47.343452],[-104.041662,47.862282],[-104.048054,48.500025],[-104.048736,48.999877],[-102.216993,48.998553],[-97.229039,49.000687],[-97.231397,48.997212],[-97.230833,48.991303],[-97.238387,48.982631],[-97.238882,48.966573],[-97.23146,48.962437],[-97.232147,48.948955],[-97.227854,48.945864],[-97.224505,48.9341],[-97.217549,48.929892],[-97.219095,48.922078],[-97.217992,48.919735],[-97.211161,48.916649],[-97.212706,48.908143],[-97.210541,48.90439],[-97.197982,48.898332],[-97.199981,48.891086],[-97.197857,48.886838],[-97.197982,48.880341],[-97.186238,48.87347],[-97.187113,48.866098],[-97.180116,48.861601],[-97.179071,48.856866],[-97.175618,48.853105],[-97.177243,48.846483],[-97.173811,48.838309],[-97.181116,48.832741],[-97.180991,48.828992],[-97.177747,48.824815],[-97.180028,48.81845],[-97.177045,48.814124],[-97.164874,48.808253],[-97.165921,48.803792],[-97.162959,48.79293],[-97.157093,48.790024],[-97.157804,48.784104],[-97.154116,48.781891],[-97.155223,48.775499],[-97.147478,48.766033],[-97.151043,48.755707],[-97.139488,48.746611],[-97.139611,48.738129],[-97.134847,48.733324],[-97.135588,48.726403],[-97.126398,48.721101],[-97.116185,48.709348],[-97.119027,48.703292],[-97.118286,48.700573],[-97.108655,48.691484],[-97.097584,48.686298],[-97.100674,48.679624],[-97.100009,48.667926],[-97.102652,48.664793],[-97.100551,48.658614],[-97.111921,48.642918],[-97.108466,48.632658],[-97.111559,48.630266],[-97.125269,48.629694],[-97.124774,48.621537],[-97.130089,48.621166],[-97.131448,48.613998],[-97.137504,48.612268],[-97.138246,48.604234],[-97.143684,48.597066],[-97.141585,48.59082],[-97.142915,48.583733],[-97.14974,48.579516],[-97.149616,48.569876],[-97.158638,48.564067],[-97.158267,48.558753],[-97.153942,48.556034],[-97.152459,48.552326],[-97.160863,48.549236],[-97.16309,48.543964],[-97.148874,48.534282],[-97.153076,48.524148],[-97.148133,48.503384],[-97.146279,48.499677],[-97.138864,48.494362],[-97.139276,48.48631],[-97.144981,48.481571],[-97.141397,48.476256],[-97.143745,48.473661],[-97.144116,48.469212],[-97.141768,48.464021],[-97.132746,48.459942],[-97.133611,48.45228],[-97.137689,48.447583],[-97.137689,48.444247],[-97.134229,48.439797],[-97.13497,48.436337],[-97.139296,48.432011],[-97.1356,48.424369],[-97.142849,48.419471],[-97.142457,48.416727],[-97.138343,48.415944],[-97.1356,48.411829],[-97.135012,48.406735],[-97.145592,48.394195],[-97.145201,48.388904],[-97.140106,48.380479],[-97.142066,48.374209],[-97.147356,48.368723],[-97.147748,48.359905],[-97.143861,48.354503],[-97.137822,48.352003],[-97.137904,48.344585],[-97.131145,48.339722],[-97.134772,48.328677],[-97.127766,48.326781],[-97.127601,48.323319],[-97.13125,48.319543],[-97.131921,48.312728],[-97.126176,48.309147],[-97.126176,48.303701],[-97.122296,48.301388],[-97.12252,48.299299],[-97.128638,48.297657],[-97.128862,48.292882],[-97.12216,48.290056],[-97.11657,48.279661],[-97.12408,48.27125],[-97.131846,48.267589],[-97.127146,48.262889],[-97.129384,48.258785],[-97.127967,48.251474],[-97.138033,48.246236],[-97.138618,48.242429],[-97.135763,48.237596],[-97.141254,48.234668],[-97.139311,48.230187],[-97.136304,48.228984],[-97.138154,48.223104],[-97.135617,48.220904],[-97.135177,48.217243],[-97.137407,48.215245],[-97.134372,48.210434],[-97.134738,48.207506],[-97.138765,48.20465],[-97.138007,48.197587],[-97.146233,48.186054],[-97.141474,48.179099],[-97.146745,48.168556],[-97.144242,48.16249],[-97.138911,48.157793],[-97.142133,48.144981],[-97.131956,48.139563],[-97.132176,48.135829],[-97.129453,48.133133],[-97.128279,48.127185],[-97.120702,48.114987],[-97.123205,48.106648],[-97.11147,48.105913],[-97.108428,48.099824],[-97.10395,48.096184],[-97.105616,48.091362],[-97.099798,48.085884],[-97.099431,48.082106],[-97.104697,48.073094],[-97.097772,48.07108],[-97.086986,48.058222],[-97.075641,48.052725],[-97.072257,48.048068],[-97.068711,48.027694],[-97.072239,48.019107],[-97.069284,48.016176],[-97.063289,48.014989],[-97.066762,48.009558],[-97.064289,47.998508],[-97.053089,47.990252],[-97.059153,47.97538],[-97.057153,47.97048],[-97.061854,47.96448],[-97.052454,47.957179],[-97.055554,47.949079],[-97.054554,47.946279],[-97.044954,47.941079],[-97.036054,47.939379],[-97.037354,47.933279],[-97.035754,47.930179],[-97.017754,47.919778],[-97.018054,47.918078],[-97.023754,47.915878],[-97.017254,47.913078],[-97.015054,47.907178],[-97.017254,47.905678],[-97.024955,47.908178],[-97.020155,47.900478],[-97.023955,47.898078],[-97.024955,47.894978],[-97.018955,47.891078],[-97.024955,47.886878],[-97.025355,47.884278],[-97.017955,47.878478],[-97.023156,47.874978],[-97.021256,47.872578],[-97.002456,47.868677],[-97.001556,47.867377],[-97.005857,47.865277],[-96.998144,47.858882],[-96.996364,47.844398],[-96.998295,47.841724],[-96.992963,47.837911],[-96.986685,47.837639],[-96.981725,47.830421],[-96.982272,47.826668],[-96.979327,47.824533],[-96.980391,47.815662],[-96.977946,47.811619],[-96.980947,47.808337],[-96.980579,47.805614],[-96.975131,47.798326],[-96.966068,47.797297],[-96.95786,47.792021],[-96.957283,47.790147],[-96.963521,47.78729],[-96.965316,47.783474],[-96.956501,47.779798],[-96.956635,47.776188],[-96.949585,47.775228],[-96.939179,47.768397],[-96.936909,47.764536],[-96.937859,47.760195],[-96.932684,47.756804],[-96.934463,47.752956],[-96.929051,47.750331],[-96.928505,47.748037],[-96.932809,47.737139],[-96.919131,47.724731],[-96.923544,47.718201],[-96.920391,47.716527],[-96.920119,47.710383],[-96.9155,47.707968],[-96.915242,47.703527],[-96.907604,47.695119],[-96.909909,47.689522],[-96.907236,47.688493],[-96.902971,47.691576],[-96.900264,47.690775],[-96.896724,47.674758],[-96.891922,47.673157],[-96.885573,47.663443],[-96.887607,47.658853],[-96.88697,47.653049],[-96.882882,47.650168],[-96.882857,47.641714],[-96.888573,47.63845],[-96.882393,47.633489],[-96.879496,47.620576],[-96.870871,47.618042],[-96.874078,47.614774],[-96.860255,47.612175],[-96.855421,47.60875],[-96.856903,47.602329],[-96.852826,47.597891],[-96.854743,47.594728],[-96.851293,47.589264],[-96.853273,47.579483],[-96.856373,47.575749],[-96.853689,47.570381],[-96.858769,47.56741],[-96.857236,47.564055],[-96.859153,47.559741],[-96.853755,47.552497],[-96.856429,47.546957],[-96.854423,47.545333],[-96.856716,47.540271],[-96.85471,47.535973],[-96.866363,47.525944],[-96.863245,47.517266],[-96.854204,47.514368],[-96.851749,47.510088],[-96.853317,47.501322],[-96.851653,47.497098],[-96.85853,47.490889],[-96.855856,47.48831],[-96.85853,47.482484],[-96.85471,47.478281],[-96.859868,47.470926],[-96.856811,47.46319],[-96.859963,47.457363],[-96.858148,47.454498],[-96.859537,47.445662],[-96.85748,47.441603],[-96.861014,47.428995],[-96.858721,47.426129],[-96.864261,47.419539],[-96.861231,47.41781],[-96.86207,47.415159],[-96.858094,47.410317],[-96.853325,47.408889],[-96.852739,47.405909],[-96.84511,47.400483],[-96.845492,47.394179],[-96.840717,47.391314],[-96.841099,47.38415],[-96.845588,47.381571],[-96.846925,47.376891],[-96.853754,47.373405],[-96.848907,47.370565],[-96.852226,47.367291],[-96.848119,47.358026],[-96.843439,47.354397],[-96.845158,47.34943],[-96.844012,47.346182],[-96.835845,47.335914],[-96.83852,47.33238],[-96.835177,47.32856],[-96.835845,47.321014],[-96.841194,47.317575],[-96.842531,47.312418],[-96.835735,47.310843],[-96.832884,47.30449],[-96.843922,47.29302],[-96.844088,47.289981],[-96.84022,47.276981],[-96.8432,47.270486],[-96.838997,47.267716],[-96.842627,47.263991],[-96.840717,47.261221],[-96.840525,47.253866],[-96.834699,47.248135],[-96.838233,47.242882],[-96.832693,47.236196],[-96.837564,47.231802],[-96.835654,47.227217],[-96.838806,47.22502],[-96.838329,47.222059],[-96.835941,47.221009],[-96.836514,47.216137],[-96.833553,47.212794],[-96.835463,47.208401],[-96.83212,47.204866],[-96.83766,47.201141],[-96.838806,47.197894],[-96.83126,47.191781],[-96.831451,47.185572],[-96.826676,47.181561],[-96.829637,47.17497],[-96.825147,47.172295],[-96.824479,47.167042],[-96.822091,47.165036],[-96.824861,47.159783],[-96.822706,47.156229],[-96.83126,47.1509],[-96.830114,47.146793],[-96.832407,47.143736],[-96.827631,47.136572],[-96.828777,47.13151],[-96.824476,47.127188],[-96.827344,47.120144],[-96.821189,47.115723],[-96.822694,47.109622],[-96.817984,47.106007],[-96.81999,47.100849],[-96.818366,47.093304],[-96.820563,47.08977],[-96.819034,47.087573],[-96.82065,47.083619],[-96.819479,47.078181],[-96.823715,47.071717],[-96.823491,47.065911],[-96.821327,47.06293],[-96.824479,47.059682],[-96.819321,47.0529],[-96.820849,47.041438],[-96.818557,47.035516],[-96.821613,47.031505],[-96.817984,47.026538],[-96.829499,47.021537],[-96.833038,47.016029],[-96.834221,47.006671],[-96.82318,46.999965],[-96.824598,46.993309],[-96.819894,46.977357],[-96.821852,46.969372],[-96.809814,46.9639],[-96.802749,46.965933],[-96.79931,46.964118],[-96.799358,46.947355],[-96.791558,46.944464],[-96.790058,46.937664],[-96.791048,46.929876],[-96.78312,46.925482],[-96.775157,46.930863],[-96.763257,46.935063],[-96.760292,46.93341],[-96.762011,46.929303],[-96.759528,46.925769],[-96.761343,46.922234],[-96.759241,46.918223],[-96.762871,46.916886],[-96.765657,46.905063],[-96.770458,46.906763],[-96.776558,46.895663],[-96.773558,46.884763],[-96.767358,46.883663],[-96.768458,46.879563],[-96.771258,46.877463],[-96.781358,46.879363],[-96.779302,46.872699],[-96.782881,46.862585],[-96.781067,46.859146],[-96.782022,46.853415],[-96.777915,46.850741],[-96.780207,46.845392],[-96.779347,46.842144],[-96.783359,46.840807],[-96.785365,46.834025],[-96.789377,46.833166],[-96.787657,46.827817],[-96.791559,46.827864],[-96.80016,46.819664],[-96.799336,46.815436],[-96.802013,46.812464],[-96.801446,46.810401],[-96.796488,46.808709],[-96.796992,46.791572],[-96.791478,46.785694],[-96.792433,46.778913],[-96.788803,46.777575],[-96.788612,46.771271],[-96.784314,46.767546],[-96.785556,46.764394],[-96.783646,46.762579],[-96.787466,46.756753],[-96.783646,46.753123],[-96.784601,46.743094],[-96.781216,46.740944],[-96.784279,46.732993],[-96.779252,46.727429],[-96.779899,46.722915],[-96.784751,46.720495],[-96.786184,46.71284],[-96.791204,46.703747],[-96.787801,46.700446],[-96.787801,46.691181],[-96.784339,46.685054],[-96.788159,46.681879],[-96.788947,46.678382],[-96.792958,46.677427],[-96.792576,46.672173],[-96.798357,46.665314],[-96.798823,46.658071],[-96.796767,46.653363],[-96.790663,46.649112],[-96.789405,46.641639],[-96.791096,46.633155],[-96.784815,46.629439],[-96.783932,46.621598],[-96.779061,46.620834],[-96.778488,46.616153],[-96.774094,46.613288],[-96.775622,46.609276],[-96.772088,46.606315],[-96.772446,46.600129],[-96.766596,46.597957],[-96.762584,46.593946],[-96.76182,46.588501],[-96.756662,46.585827],[-96.756949,46.583534],[-96.752746,46.58277],[-96.752746,46.577517],[-96.746442,46.574078],[-96.744436,46.56596],[-96.74883,46.558127],[-96.744532,46.551346],[-96.746347,46.546283],[-96.742812,46.543609],[-96.745009,46.541698],[-96.742335,46.538546],[-96.744341,46.533006],[-96.738475,46.525793],[-96.736147,46.513478],[-96.738562,46.509366],[-96.735888,46.50631],[-96.737702,46.50077],[-96.733612,46.497224],[-96.737989,46.487875],[-96.735505,46.484914],[-96.735123,46.478897],[-96.726914,46.476432],[-96.726718,46.474121],[-96.720891,46.471446],[-96.720414,46.468008],[-96.715557,46.463232],[-96.715593,46.453867],[-96.718551,46.451913],[-96.716438,46.444567],[-96.718074,46.438255],[-96.709095,46.435294],[-96.706994,46.430231],[-96.701645,46.428607],[-96.701358,46.420584],[-96.69792,46.42068],[-96.696583,46.415617],[-96.688941,46.413134],[-96.688082,46.40788],[-96.680687,46.407383],[-96.669132,46.390037],[-96.669794,46.384644],[-96.667189,46.375458],[-96.658436,46.373391],[-96.655206,46.365964],[-96.646532,46.36251],[-96.647296,46.358499],[-96.644335,46.351908],[-96.629211,46.352654],[-96.628522,46.349569],[-96.62079,46.347607],[-96.618147,46.344295],[-96.619991,46.340135],[-96.608075,46.332576],[-96.599761,46.330386],[-96.60104,46.319554],[-96.598233,46.312563],[-96.60136,46.30413],[-96.598679,46.29775],[-96.600302,46.294407],[-96.596077,46.290536],[-96.598774,46.281417],[-96.595014,46.275135],[-96.599729,46.262123],[-96.594571,46.258302],[-96.594189,46.251712],[-96.590082,46.248655],[-96.598119,46.243112],[-96.59755,46.227733],[-96.59567,46.21985],[-96.591652,46.218183],[-96.583582,46.201047],[-96.587694,46.195262],[-96.587599,46.178928],[-96.584495,46.177123],[-96.582823,46.170905],[-96.57862,46.168135],[-96.579453,46.147601],[-96.56926,46.133686],[-96.571439,46.12572],[-96.563043,46.119512],[-96.562811,46.11625],[-96.56692,46.11475],[-96.557952,46.102442],[-96.556345,46.08688],[-96.554507,46.083978],[-96.558088,46.072096],[-96.556907,46.06483],[-96.559271,46.058272],[-96.566295,46.051416],[-96.57794,46.026874],[-96.574264,46.016545],[-96.575869,46.007999],[-96.573605,46.002309],[-96.57035,45.963595],[-96.561334,45.945655],[-96.56328,45.935238],[-97.784575,45.935327],[-98.724375,45.938686]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"North Dakota\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"41","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633b29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Higgins, K.F.","contributorId":55767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70209077,"text":"70209077 - 1977 - Mercury, arsenic, lead, cadmium, and selenium residues in fish, 1971-73--National Pesticide Monitoring Program.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-13T09:52:42","indexId":"70209077","displayToPublicDate":"1977-03-13T09:48:54","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3038,"text":"Pesticides Monitoring Journal","onlineIssn":" 0031-615","printIssn":" 0031-615","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury, arsenic, lead, cadmium, and selenium residues in fish, 1971-73--National Pesticide Monitoring Program.","docAbstract":"

As part of the National Pesticide Monitoring Program, the Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of Interior, analyzed selected fish samples from 100 monitoring stations for residues of mercury, arsenic, lead, cadmium, or selenium in 1971-73. At most stations, detectable residues of all metals were present in more than 95 percent of the composite samples. Fishes with mercury residues exceeding 0.5 mg/kg wet weight in the whole fish were mainly predators. Fishes with residues of arsenic, lead, cadmium, and selenium exceeding 0.5 mg/kg included predatory and nonpredatory species. The number of composite samples in which residues of these elements exceeded 0.5 mg/kg decreased from 1971 to 1973, whereas the percentage of samples with detectable residues increased slightly. Only selected samples were analyzed in 1973; therefore, these figures should be used only cautiously as trend data. Species of fish collected varied considerably between geographic regions but were similar from year to year within each region.

","language":"English","publisher":"NCBI","usgsCitation":"Walsh, D.F., Berger, B.L., and Bean, J.R., 1977, Mercury, arsenic, lead, cadmium, and selenium residues in fish, 1971-73--National Pesticide Monitoring Program.: Pesticides Monitoring Journal, v. 11, no. 1, p. 5-34.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":373243,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-66.28243,18.51476],[-65.7713,18.42668],[-65.591,18.22803],[-65.84716,17.97591],[-66.59993,17.98182],[-67.18416,17.94655],[-67.24243,18.37446],[-67.10068,18.5206],[-66.28243,18.51476]]],[[[-155.54211,19.08348],[-155.68817,18.91619],[-155.93665,19.05939],[-155.90806,19.33888],[-156.07347,19.70294],[-156.02368,19.81422],[-155.85008,19.97729],[-155.91907,20.17395],[-155.86108,20.26721],[-155.78505,20.2487],[-155.40214,20.07975],[-155.22452,19.99302],[-155.06226,19.8591],[-154.80741,19.50871],[-154.83147,19.45328],[-155.22217,19.23972],[-155.54211,19.08348]]],[[[-156.07926,20.64397],[-156.41445,20.57241],[-156.58673,20.783],[-156.70167,20.8643],[-156.71055,20.92676],[-156.61258,21.01249],[-156.25711,20.91745],[-155.99566,20.76404],[-156.07926,20.64397]]],[[[-156.75824,21.17684],[-156.78933,21.06873],[-157.32521,21.09777],[-157.25027,21.21958],[-156.75824,21.17684]]],[[[-157.65283,21.32217],[-157.70703,21.26442],[-157.7786,21.27729],[-158.12667,21.31244],[-158.2538,21.53919],[-158.29265,21.57912],[-158.0252,21.71696],[-157.94161,21.65272],[-157.65283,21.32217]]],[[[-159.34512,21.982],[-159.46372,21.88299],[-159.80051,22.06533],[-159.74877,22.1382],[-159.5962,22.23618],[-159.36569,22.21494],[-159.34512,21.982]]],[[[-94.81758,49.38905],[-94.64,48.84],[-94.32914,48.67074],[-93.63087,48.60926],[-92.61,48.45],[-91.64,48.14],[-90.83,48.27],[-89.6,48.01],[-89.27292,48.01981],[-88.37811,48.30292],[-87.43979,47.94],[-86.46199,47.55334],[-85.65236,47.22022],[-84.87608,46.90008],[-84.77924,46.6371],[-84.54375,46.53868],[-84.6049,46.4396],[-84.3367,46.40877],[-84.14212,46.51223],[-84.09185,46.27542],[-83.89077,46.11693],[-83.61613,46.11693],[-83.46955,45.99469],[-83.59285,45.81689],[-82.55092,45.34752],[-82.33776,44.44],[-82.13764,43.57109],[-82.43,42.98],[-82.9,42.43],[-83.12,42.08],[-83.142,41.97568],[-83.02981,41.8328],[-82.69009,41.67511],[-82.43928,41.67511],[-81.27775,42.20903],[-80.24745,42.3662],[-78.93936,42.86361],[-78.92,42.965],[-79.01,43.27],[-79.17167,43.46634],[-78.72028,43.62509],[-77.73789,43.62906],[-76.82003,43.62878],[-76.5,44.01846],[-76.375,44.09631],[-75.31821,44.81645],[-74.867,45.00048],[-73.34783,45.00738],[-71.50506,45.0082],[-71.405,45.255],[-71.08482,45.30524],[-70.66,45.46],[-70.305,45.915],[-69.99997,46.69307],[-69.23722,47.44778],[-68.905,47.185],[-68.23444,47.35486],[-67.79046,47.06636],[-67.79134,45.70281],[-67.13741,45.13753],[-66.96466,44.8097],[-68.03252,44.3252],[-69.06,43.98],[-70.11617,43.68405],[-70.64548,43.09024],[-70.81489,42.8653],[-70.825,42.335],[-70.495,41.805],[-70.08,41.78],[-70.185,42.145],[-69.88497,41.92283],[-69.96503,41.63717],[-70.64,41.475],[-71.12039,41.49445],[-71.86,41.32],[-72.295,41.27],[-72.87643,41.22065],[-73.71,40.9311],[-72.24126,41.11948],[-71.945,40.93],[-73.345,40.63],[-73.982,40.628],[-73.95232,40.75075],[-74.25671,40.47351],[-73.96244,40.42763],[-74.17838,39.70926],[-74.90604,38.93954],[-74.98041,39.1964],[-75.20002,39.24845],[-75.52805,39.4985],[-75.32,38.96],[-75.07183,38.78203],[-75.05673,38.40412],[-75.37747,38.01551],[-75.94023,37.21689],[-76.03127,37.2566],[-75.72205,37.93705],[-76.23287,38.31921],[-76.35,39.15],[-76.54272,38.71762],[-76.32933,38.08326],[-76.99,38.23999],[-76.30162,37.91794],[-76.25874,36.9664],[-75.9718,36.89726],[-75.86804,36.55125],[-75.72749,35.55074],[-76.36318,34.80854],[-77.39763,34.51201],[-78.05496,33.92547],[-78.55435,33.86133],[-79.06067,33.49395],[-79.20357,33.15839],[-80.30132,32.50935],[-80.86498,32.0333],[-81.33629,31.44049],[-81.49042,30.72999],[-81.31371,30.03552],[-80.98,29.18],[-80.53558,28.47213],[-80.53,28.04],[-80.05654,26.88],[-80.08801,26.20576],[-80.13156,25.81677],[-80.38103,25.20616],[-80.68,25.08],[-81.17213,25.20126],[-81.33,25.64],[-81.71,25.87],[-82.24,26.73],[-82.70515,27.49504],[-82.85526,27.88624],[-82.65,28.55],[-82.93,29.1],[-83.70959,29.93656],[-84.1,30.09],[-85.10882,29.63615],[-85.28784,29.68612],[-85.7731,30.15261],[-86.4,30.4],[-87.53036,30.27433],[-88.41782,30.3849],[-89.18049,30.31598],[-89.59383,30.15999],[-89.41373,29.89419],[-89.43,29.48864],[-89.21767,29.29108],[-89.40823,29.15961],[-89.77928,29.30714],[-90.15463,29.11743],[-90.88022,29.14854],[-91.62678,29.677],[-92.49906,29.5523],[-93.22637,29.78375],[-93.84842,29.71363],[-94.69,29.48],[-95.60026,28.73863],[-96.59404,28.30748],[-97.14,27.83],[-97.37,27.38],[-97.38,26.69],[-97.33,26.21],[-97.14,25.87],[-97.53,25.84],[-98.24,26.06],[-99.02,26.37],[-99.3,26.84],[-99.52,27.54],[-100.11,28.11],[-100.45584,28.69612],[-100.9576,29.38071],[-101.6624,29.7793],[-102.48,29.76],[-103.11,28.97],[-103.94,29.27],[-104.45697,29.57196],[-104.70575,30.12173],[-105.03737,30.64402],[-105.63159,31.08383],[-106.1429,31.39995],[-106.50759,31.75452],[-108.24,31.75485],[-108.24194,31.34222],[-109.035,31.34194],[-111.02361,31.33472],[-113.30498,32.03914],[-114.815,32.52528],[-114.72139,32.72083],[-115.99135,32.61239],[-117.12776,32.53534],[-117.29594,33.04622],[-117.944,33.62124],[-118.4106,33.74091],[-118.51989,34.02778],[-119.081,34.078],[-119.43884,34.34848],[-120.36778,34.44711],[-120.62286,34.60855],[-120.74433,35.15686],[-121.71457,36.16153],[-122.54747,37.55176],[-122.51201,37.78339],[-122.95319,38.11371],[-123.7272,38.95166],[-123.86517,39.76699],[-124.39807,40.3132],[-124.17886,41.14202],[-124.2137,41.99964],[-124.53284,42.76599],[-124.14214,43.70838],[-124.02053,44.6159],[-123.89893,45.52341],[-124.07963,46.86475],[-124.39567,47.72017],[-124.68721,48.18443],[-124.5661,48.37971],[-123.12,48.04],[-122.58736,47.096],[-122.34,47.36],[-122.5,48.18],[-122.84,49],[-120,49],[-117.03121,49],[-116.04818,49],[-113,49],[-110.05,49],[-107.05,49],[-104.04826,48.99986],[-100.65,49],[-97.22872,49.0007],[-95.15907,49],[-95.15609,49.38425],[-94.81758,49.38905]]],[[[-153.00631,57.11584],[-154.00509,56.73468],[-154.5164,56.99275],[-154.67099,57.4612],[-153.76278,57.81657],[-153.22873,57.96897],[-152.56479,57.90143],[-152.14115,57.59106],[-153.00631,57.11584]]],[[[-165.57916,59.90999],[-166.19277,59.75444],[-166.84834,59.94141],[-167.45528,60.21307],[-166.46779,60.38417],[-165.67443,60.29361],[-165.57916,59.90999]]],[[[-171.73166,63.78252],[-171.11443,63.59219],[-170.49111,63.69498],[-169.68251,63.43112],[-168.68944,63.29751],[-168.77194,63.1886],[-169.52944,62.97693],[-170.29056,63.19444],[-170.67139,63.37582],[-171.55306,63.31779],[-171.79111,63.40585],[-171.73166,63.78252]]],[[[-155.06779,71.14778],[-154.34417,70.69641],[-153.90001,70.88999],[-152.21001,70.82999],[-152.27,70.60001],[-150.73999,70.43002],[-149.72,70.53001],[-147.61336,70.21403],[-145.68999,70.12001],[-144.92001,69.98999],[-143.58945,70.15251],[-142.07251,69.85194],[-140.98599,69.712],[-140.9925,66.00003],[-140.99777,60.3064],[-140.013,60.27684],[-139.039,60.00001],[-138.34089,59.56211],[-137.4525,58.905],[-136.47972,59.46389],[-135.47583,59.78778],[-134.945,59.27056],[-134.27111,58.86111],[-133.35555,58.41029],[-132.73042,57.69289],[-131.70781,56.55212],[-130.00778,55.91583],[-129.97999,55.285],[-130.53611,54.80275],[-131.08582,55.17891],[-131.96721,55.49778],[-132.25001,56.37],[-133.53918,57.17889],[-134.07806,58.12307],[-135.03821,58.18771],[-136.62806,58.21221],[-137.80001,58.5],[-139.86779,59.53776],[-140.82527,59.72752],[-142.57444,60.08445],[-143.95888,59.99918],[-145.92556,60.45861],[-147.11437,60.88466],[-148.22431,60.67299],[-148.01807,59.97833],[-148.57082,59.91417],[-149.72786,59.70566],[-150.60824,59.36821],[-151.71639,59.15582],[-151.85943,59.74498],[-151.40972,60.7258],[-150.34694,61.03359],[-150.62111,61.28442],[-151.89584,60.7272],[-152.57833,60.06166],[-154.01917,59.35028],[-153.28751,58.86473],[-154.23249,58.14637],[-155.30749,57.72779],[-156.30833,57.42277],[-156.5561,56.97998],[-158.11722,56.46361],[-158.43332,55.99415],[-159.60333,55.56669],[-160.28972,55.64358],[-161.22305,55.36473],[-162.23777,55.02419],[-163.06945,54.68974],[-164.78557,54.40417],[-164.94223,54.57222],[-163.84834,55.03943],[-162.87,55.34804],[-161.80417,55.89499],[-160.5636,56.00805],[-160.07056,56.41806],[-158.68444,57.01668],[-158.4611,57.21692],[-157.72277,57.57],[-157.55027,58.32833],[-157.04167,58.91888],[-158.19473,58.6158],[-158.51722,58.78778],[-159.05861,58.42419],[-159.71167,58.93139],[-159.98129,58.57255],[-160.35527,59.07112],[-161.355,58.67084],[-161.96889,58.67166],[-162.05499,59.26693],[-161.87417,59.63362],[-162.51806,59.98972],[-163.81834,59.79806],[-164.66222,60.26748],[-165.34639,60.5075],[-165.35083,61.0739],[-166.12138,61.50002],[-165.73445,62.075],[-164.91918,62.63308],[-164.56251,63.14638],[-163.75333,63.21945],[-163.06722,63.05946],[-162.26056,63.54194],[-161.53445,63.45582],[-160.77251,63.76611],[-160.95834,64.2228],[-161.51807,64.40279],[-160.77778,64.7886],[-161.39193,64.77724],[-162.45305,64.55944],[-162.75779,64.33861],[-163.54639,64.55916],[-164.96083,64.44695],[-166.42529,64.68667],[-166.845,65.0889],[-168.11056,65.67],[-166.70527,66.08832],[-164.47471,66.57666],[-163.65251,66.57666],[-163.7886,66.07721],[-161.67777,66.11612],[-162.48971,66.73557],[-163.71972,67.11639],[-164.43099,67.61634],[-165.39029,68.04277],[-166.76444,68.35888],[-166.20471,68.88303],[-164.43081,68.91554],[-163.16861,69.37111],[-162.93057,69.85806],[-161.9089,70.33333],[-160.9348,70.44769],[-159.03918,70.89164],[-158.11972,70.82472],[-156.58082,71.35776],[-155.06779,71.14778]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"United States\"}}]}","volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, D. F.","contributorId":34860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"D.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berger, Bernard L.","contributorId":20373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"Bernard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bean, Jared R","contributorId":147876,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bean","given":"Jared","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[{"id":16951,"text":"Department of Geosciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":784811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70199583,"text":"70199583 - 1977 - Clay-mineral variability in the suspended sediments of the San Francisco Bay system, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T21:40:30","indexId":"70199583","displayToPublicDate":"1977-03-01T21:40:11","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Clay-mineral variability in the suspended sediments of the San Francisco Bay system, California","docAbstract":"

Semiquantitative determinations of the clay-mineral composition have been made on nearly synoptic samples of surface suspended sediments collected seasonally throughout the San Francisco Bay system. The relative amounts of chlorite + kaolinite are generally highest in the northern reach of the system, whereas illite is dominant in the southern reach. The proportion of montmorillonite is low throughout the bay. Time-series and replicate samples collected at individual stations show that the difference in clay-mineral content between reaches is real and reflects a change in the source of clay-mineral particles within the bay. The Sacramento-San Joaquin river system supplies the northern reach, whereas most clay-mineral particles come from resuspension by waves and tidal currents in the southern reach. Analyses of bottom sediments and the spatial variability in the northern reach suggest that the relationship between the abundance and sources of clay minerals may, in turn, be a function of particle size. This study demonstrates the utility of suspended clay minerals in the interpretation of sediment-dispersal patterns in estuaries.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.1306/212F7135-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Knebel, H.J., Conomos, T.J., and Commeau, J., 1977, Clay-mineral variability in the suspended sediments of the San Francisco Bay system, California: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 47, no. 1, p. 229-236, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F7135-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"236","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357598,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"47","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knebel, Harley J.","contributorId":25930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knebel","given":"Harley","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conomos, T. J.","contributorId":77515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conomos","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Commeau, J.A.","contributorId":21549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Commeau","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70233097,"text":"70233097 - 1977 - Phytoplankton distribution and primary productivity in Donner Lake, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-15T17:19:27.972374","indexId":"70233097","displayToPublicDate":"1977-03-01T12:08:53","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phytoplankton distribution and primary productivity in Donner Lake, California","docAbstract":"

Donner Lake is an unenriched system in the Lake Tahoe basin of the Sierra Nevada of California. The lake has a surface area of 1.5 square miles (3.9 square kilometres) and a drainage area of 14 mi2 (36 km2). The maximum depth is about 200 feet (60 metres). Between May and December 1973, the phytoplankton in Donner Lake was represented by 6 classes and at least 25 genera. The dominant green alga was the desmid Cosmarium staurastroides, which comprised about 25 percent of the total phytoplankton collected. The dominant diatom was Asterionella formosa, which comprised about 13 percent of the total phytoplankton. Blue-green algae were represented by Chroococcus sp., but were never abundant and constituted only 1.5 percent of the total organisms sampled. The depth of the euphotic zone from May through September ranged from 35 to 93 feet (11 to 28 metres). Thermal stratification was strong throughout the summer with a maximum temperature difference between the surface and bottom water of 17° Celsius in July. Average phytoplankton concentrations were often greater below the euphotic zone than in the euphotic zone. This pattern of phytoplankton distribution is similar to nearby Lake Tahoe and other oligotrophic lakes. Three primary productivity measurements were made during the study using the carbon-14 method. The primary productivity values were 93, 64, and 56 milligrams of carbon per cubic metre per day for May 17, August 13, and October 16, respectively. The productivity profile in May was shallow and unimodal, whereas the August and October profiles were deeper and biomodal. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations were maximum at the same depths as maximum primary productivity. On the basis of phytoplankton types and their vertical distribution patterns, and upon primary productivity measurements, Donner Lake is considered oligotrophic.

","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Dong, A.E., and Averett, R.C., 1977, Phytoplankton distribution and primary productivity in Donner Lake, California: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 2, p. 265-276.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"276","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403842,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403841,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue2/report.pdf","size":"18181 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Donner Lake, Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.28861999511717,\n 39.31710116452751\n ],\n [\n -120.28527259826659,\n 39.317233970419544\n ],\n [\n -120.28398513793944,\n 39.31637072761485\n ],\n [\n -120.28046607971191,\n 39.31690195521676\n ],\n [\n -120.27960777282715,\n 39.31663634192001\n ],\n [\n -120.27462959289551,\n 39.31690195521676\n ],\n [\n -120.27119636535645,\n 39.31769878905631\n ],\n [\n -120.26827812194823,\n 39.317233970419544\n ],\n [\n -120.26467323303223,\n 39.318030800477445\n ],\n [\n -120.2566909790039,\n 39.31922602854669\n ],\n [\n -120.25205612182617,\n 39.31896042407387\n ],\n [\n -120.25162696838377,\n 39.32095243303878\n ],\n [\n -120.2504253387451,\n 39.32194841624885\n ],\n [\n -120.24896621704102,\n 39.32241320356028\n ],\n [\n -120.24604797363281,\n 39.32287798778324\n ],\n [\n -120.24373054504395,\n 39.32254599936769\n ],\n [\n -120.23978233337402,\n 39.32101883236065\n ],\n [\n -120.23720741271971,\n 39.32247960149551\n ],\n [\n -120.23772239685059,\n 39.32320997462303\n ],\n [\n -120.23918151855467,\n 39.32301078270824\n ],\n [\n -120.23815155029297,\n 39.32566662826256\n ],\n [\n -120.24158477783203,\n 39.32765844624543\n ],\n [\n -120.25128364562988,\n 39.329251859786815\n ],\n [\n -120.25754928588866,\n 39.32951742518054\n ],\n [\n -120.26707649230957,\n 39.32692811957187\n ],\n [\n -120.2735137939453,\n 39.325401048245354\n ],\n [\n -120.27952194213869,\n 39.32486988518545\n ],\n [\n -120.28450012207031,\n 39.325865812613635\n ],\n [\n -120.28759002685547,\n 39.32407313303189\n ],\n [\n -120.2904224395752,\n 39.323741150289074\n ],\n [\n -120.29007911682129,\n 39.321218029948106\n ],\n [\n -120.29334068298341,\n 39.320089236118676\n ],\n [\n -120.29402732849121,\n 39.319159627523035\n ],\n [\n -120.28947830200195,\n 39.31942523123949\n ],\n [\n -120.28861999511717,\n 39.31710116452751\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dong, Alex E.","contributorId":27476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dong","given":"Alex","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Averett, Robert C.","contributorId":27500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Averett","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}