{"pageNumber":"534","pageRowStart":"13325","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165359,"records":[{"id":70223113,"text":"70223113 - 2021 - Pheromone pollution from invasive sea lamprey misguides a native confamilial","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-11T12:57:15.745352","indexId":"70223113","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-21T07:56:03","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1362,"text":"Current Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pheromone pollution from invasive sea lamprey misguides a native confamilial","docAbstract":"Animals living in the Anthropocene search for mates facing a barrage of pollutants. Few studies consider pheromones from invasive species as pollution, but their central role in the lives of many animals indicates cross-reaction among historically allopatric relatives has potentially damaging impacts. We hypothesized the sex pheromone of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), an invasive fish in the Laurentian Great Lakes, misguides mate search in native chestnut lamprey (Ichthyomyzon castaneus). In a field test, 100 % of female I. castaneus chose male odourants from P. marinus over conspecifics. Chemical analysis of water in which males were held confirmed both species signal with 3-keto petromyzonol sulfate but revealed higher release rates in P. marinus. Our results indicate sex pheromones from invasive species can be an influential type of pollution and underscore the conservation implications of studies on pheromone evolution.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/cz/zoaa064","usgsCitation":"Buchinger, T.J., Fissette, S.D., Huerta, B., Li, K., Johnson, N.S., and Li, W., 2021, Pheromone pollution from invasive sea lamprey misguides a native confamilial: Current Zoology, v. 67, no. 3, p. 333-335, https://doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoaa064.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"333","endPage":"335","ipdsId":"IP-123584","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454353,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoaa064","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387844,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-10-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buchinger, Tyler John","contributorId":192316,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buchinger","given":"Tyler","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":821011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fissette, Skye D.","contributorId":150994,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fissette","given":"Skye","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huerta, Belinda","contributorId":222210,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huerta","given":"Belinda","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Li, Ke","contributorId":172267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Ke","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":821014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Nicholas S. 0000-0002-7419-6013 njohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-6013","contributorId":597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nicholas","email":"njohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Li, Weiming","contributorId":126748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Weiming","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6590,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70246307,"text":"70246307 - 2021 - Socio-technical scales in socio-environmental modeling: Managing a system-of-systems modeling approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-30T12:00:32.099758","indexId":"70246307","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-21T06:58:50","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1551,"text":"Environmental Modelling and Software","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Socio-technical scales in socio-environmental modeling: Managing a system-of-systems modeling approach","docAbstract":"System-of-systems approaches for integrated assessments have become prevalent in recent years. Such approaches integrate a variety of models from different disciplines and modeling paradigms to represent a socio-environmental (or social-ecological) system aiming to holistically inform policy and decision-making processes. Central to the system-of-systems approaches is the representation of systems in a multi-tier framework with nested scales. Current modeling paradigms, however, have disciplinary-specific lineage, leading to inconsistencies in the conceptualization and integration of socio-environmental systems. In this paper, a multidisciplinary team of researchers, from engineering, natural and social sciences, have come together to detail socio-technical practices and challenges that arise in the consideration of scale throughout the socio-environmental modeling process. We identify key paths forward, focused on explicit consideration of scale and uncertainty, strengthening interdisciplinary communication, and improvement of the documentation process. We call for a grand vision (and commensurate funding) for holistic system-of-systems research that engages researchers, stakeholders, and policy makers in a multi-tiered process for the co-creation of knowledge and solutions to major socio-environmental problems.
The Failure Forecast Method (FFM) was introduced as an empirical model for forecasting catastrophic material failures related to natural hazards, such as landslides and volcanic eruptions, with mixed success. During the 2018 eruption of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, the draining of the summit magma reservoir into the Lower East Rift Zone resulted in the formation of a new caldera at the summit. I tested the applicability of the FFM to caldera collapse by analyzing the cyclical earthquake swarms and ground deformation that occurred between 62 sudden major caldera collapse events. The progression of both the cumulative moment release of the cyclical earthquakes and the GNSS displacement show a major change in mid-June. In late May through early June, the progression of the parameters is consistent with strain localization or creep progression related to the development or activation of the ring fault system. From late June until the end of the eruption, parameter progression is roughly steady with initial accelerating increases in cumulative moment and displacement that shift to approximately linear progression. Analysis of repeating earthquake families in the cyclical swarms showed that the behavior of the repeaters was consistent with that of the cyclical swarms as a whole and suggested that each family undergoes its own progression of activation to termination. While the FFM analysis identified the system change in mid-June, it did not demonstrate an ability to forecast collapse events or the end of the eruption.
The scarcity of strong ground motion records presents a challenge for making reliable performance assessments of tall buildings whose seismic design is controlled by large-magnitude and close-distance earthquakes. This challenge can be addressed using broadband ground-motion simulation methods to generate records with site-specific characteristics of large-magnitude events. In this paper, simulated site-specific earthquake seismograms, developed through a related project that was organized through the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) Ground Motion Simulation Validation (GMSV) Technical Activity Group, are used for nonlinear response history analyses of two archetype tall buildings for sites in San Francisco, Los Angeles, and San Bernardino. The SCEC GMSV team created the seismograms using the Broadband Platform (BBP) simulations for five site-specific earthquake scenarios. The two buildings are evaluated using nonlinear dynamic analyses under comparable record suites selected from the simulated BBP catalog and recorded motions from the NGA-West database. The collapse risks and structural response demands (maximum story drift ratio, peak floor acceleration, and maximum story shear) under the BBP and NGA suites are compared. In general, this study finds that use of the BBP simulations resolves concerns about estimation biases in structural response analysis which are caused by ground motion scaling, unrealistic spectral shapes, and overconservative spectral variations. While there are remaining concerns that strong coherence in some kinematic fault rupture models may lead to an overestimation of velocity pulse effects in the BBP simulations, the simulations are shown to generally yield realistic pulse-like features of near-fault ground motion records.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/eqe.3364","usgsCitation":"Zhong, K., Lin, T., Deierlein, G., Graves, R., Silva, F., and Luco, N., 2021, Tall building performance-based seismic design using SCEC broadband platform site-specific ground motion simulations: Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, v. 50, no. 1, p. 81-98, https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.3364.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"98","ipdsId":"IP-119067","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454358,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2346/88059","text":"External Repository"},{"id":387857,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Los Angeles, San Bernardino, San Francisco","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.39790916442873,\n 37.78178983833927\n ],\n [\n -122.3886823654175,\n 37.78178983833927\n ],\n [\n -122.3886823654175,\n 37.78921753609959\n ],\n [\n -122.39790916442873,\n 37.78921753609959\n ],\n [\n -122.39790916442873,\n 37.78178983833927\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.26359510421753,\n 34.05214385256302\n ],\n [\n -118.25709342956542,\n 34.05214385256302\n ],\n [\n -118.25709342956542,\n 34.0581704783008\n ],\n [\n -118.26359510421753,\n 34.0581704783008\n ],\n [\n -118.26359510421753,\n 34.05214385256302\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.29613304138182,\n 34.09673784258847\n ],\n [\n -117.27553367614746,\n 34.09673784258847\n ],\n [\n -117.27553367614746,\n 34.11812893261633\n ],\n [\n -117.29613304138182,\n 34.11812893261633\n ],\n [\n -117.29613304138182,\n 34.09673784258847\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhong, Kuanshi","contributorId":264127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhong","given":"Kuanshi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lin, Ting","contributorId":264128,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lin","given":"Ting","affiliations":[{"id":36331,"text":"Texas Tech University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deierlein, Greg","contributorId":264129,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deierlein","given":"Greg","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graves, Robert 0000-0001-9758-453X rwgraves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9758-453X","contributorId":140738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"Robert","email":"rwgraves@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Silva, Fabio","contributorId":264130,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silva","given":"Fabio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54387,"text":"SCEC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Luco, Nico 0000-0002-5763-9847 nluco@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5763-9847","contributorId":145730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luco","given":"Nico","email":"nluco@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70229080,"text":"70229080 - 2021 - Balancing transferability and complexity of species distribution models for rare species conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-28T15:12:14.941976","indexId":"70229080","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-20T09:07:03","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Balancing transferability and complexity of species distribution models for rare species conservation","docAbstract":"Aim
Species distribution models (SDMs) are valuable for rare species conservation and are commonly used to extrapolate predictions of habitat suitability geographically to regions where species occurrence is unknown (i.e., transferability). Spatially structured cross-validation can be used to infer transferability, yet, few studies have evaluated how delineation of cross-validation folds affects model complexity and predictions. We developed SDMs using multiple cross-validation approaches to understand the implications for predicting habitat suitability for northern Idaho ground squirrels, a rare, federally threatened species that has been extensively surveyed in regions where known populations occur, resulting in >8000 presence locations.
Location
Idaho, USA.
Methods
We delineated cross-validation folds by mimicking the manner in which predictions would be geographically extrapolated or by using existing dispersal barriers. We varied the distance between, number, and directionality of folds. We conducted a grid search on statistical regularization parameters to optimize model complexity, covering a range of values exceeding that typically implemented. For each cross-validation approach, we selected optimal regularization and model complexity based on out-of-sample predictive ability.
Results
Delineation of cross-validation folds substantially affected resulting model complexity and extrapolated predictions. All cross-validation approaches resulted in models with apparently high out-of-sample predictive ability, yet optimal model complexity varied substantially among the approaches. Regularization demonstrated a noisy relationship between model complexity and prediction, where local optima in predictive performance were common at small values.
Main conclusion
Subtle modelling decisions can have large consequences for predictions of habitat suitability and transferability of SDMs. When transferability is the goal, cross-validation approaches should be considered carefully and mimic the manner in which spatial extrapolation will occur, else overly complex models with inflated assessments of predictive accuracy may result. Further, spatially structured cross-validation may not guard against over-parameterization, and assessing a broader range of regularization parameters may be necessary to optimize model complexity for transferability.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13174","usgsCitation":"Helmstetter, N.A., Conway, C.J., Stevens, B.S., and Goldberg, A., 2021, Balancing transferability and complexity of species distribution models for rare species conservation: Diversity and Distributions, v. 27, no. 1, p. 95-108, https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13174.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"108","ipdsId":"IP-121750","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454360,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13174","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":396549,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","county":"Adams County, Valley 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R.","contributorId":280029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goldberg","given":"Amanda R.","affiliations":[{"id":39599,"text":"ui","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70216803,"text":"70216803 - 2021 - Hydrodynamics drive pelagic communities and food web structure in a tidal environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-14T11:50:56.006245","indexId":"70216803","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-20T07:38:23","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2088,"text":"International Review of Hydrobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrodynamics drive pelagic communities and food web structure in a tidal environment","docAbstract":"Hydrodynamic processes can lead to the accumulation and/or dispersal of water column constituents, including sediment, phytoplankton, and particulate detritus. Using a combination of field observations and stable isotope tracing tools, we identified how hydrodynamic processes influenced physical habitat, pelagic communities, and food web structure in a freshwater tidal system. The pelagic habitat of a terminal channel differed spatially, likely aligning with differences in hydrodynamics. Three zones that we classified by exchange with downstream habitat had distinct water quality characteristics, supported different densities of zooplankton and nekton, and exhibited disparate support from benthic and pelagic trophic pathways to pelagic consumers. Hydrodynamically driven zones and their emergent characteristics appeared sensitive to hydrology, as elevated runoff was correlated with a shift in hydrodynamic habitat and organismal distributions. The results of our study highlight the relationship between hydrodynamic processes, biological responses, and climate, and suggest that understanding the physical process can improve understanding of pelagic habitats and communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/iroh.202002063","usgsCitation":"Young, M.J., Feyrer, F.V., Stumpner, P., Violette, V.L., Patton, O., and Brown, L.R., 2021, Hydrodynamics drive pelagic communities and food web structure in a tidal environment: International Review of Hydrobiology, v. 106, no. 2, p. 69-85, https://doi.org/10.1002/iroh.202002063.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"85","ipdsId":"IP-120317","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454361,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iroh.202002063","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382245,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.75872802734375,\n 38.017803980061124\n ],\n [\n -121.497802734375,\n 38.017803980061124\n ],\n [\n -121.497802734375,\n 38.59326051987162\n ],\n [\n -121.75872802734375,\n 38.59326051987162\n ],\n [\n -121.75872802734375,\n 38.017803980061124\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, Matthew J. 0000-0001-9306-6866 mjyoung@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9306-6866","contributorId":206255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Matthew","email":"mjyoung@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feyrer, Frederick V. 0000-0003-1253-2349 ffeyrer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1253-2349","contributorId":178379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feyrer","given":"Frederick","email":"ffeyrer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stumpner, Paul 0000-0002-0933-7895 pstump@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0933-7895","contributorId":5667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumpner","given":"Paul","email":"pstump@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Violette, Veronica L. 0000-0002-7390-4655 vviolette@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7390-4655","contributorId":222824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Violette","given":"Veronica","email":"vviolette@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Patton, Oliver 0000-0002-2911-7718","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2911-7718","contributorId":218217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patton","given":"Oliver","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70220102,"text":"70220102 - 2021 - Summer runoff generation in foothill catchments of the Colorado Front Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-21T12:06:38.659758","indexId":"70220102","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-20T06:54:35","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Summer runoff generation in foothill catchments of the Colorado Front Range","docAbstract":"Climatic shifts, disturbances, and land-use change can alter hydrologic flowpaths, water quality, and water supply to downstream communities. Prior research investigating streamflow generation processes in mountainous areas has largely focused on high-elevation alpine and subalpine catchments; less is known about these processes in lower-elevation foothills and montane catchments. In these lower-elevation ecoregions, precipitation shifts seasonally from snow to rain, which can result in differing seasonal flowpaths. We analyzed stream water for electrical conductivity, SiO2, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl, SO4, K, and dissolved organic carbon on both a weekly and storm event basis from April to August 2018 in three small (<10 km2) foothill catchments, and one larger (63.2 km2) catchment extending from the foothills to the subalpine ecoregions, in the Colorado Front Range. Using two end-member hydrograph separations and concentration-runoff relationships, we inferred the dominant catchment-scale flowpaths of precipitation to the streams. We selected catchments with varying land use to investigate the relationship between these characteristics and hydrologic flowpaths. We observed that concentrations of lithogenic constituents generally increased and dissolved organic carbon decreased as seasonal runoff decreased in the three foothill catchments, reflecting a transition from shallow subsurface flowpaths to deeper subsurface flowpaths. Elevated SO4 and Cl concentrations during low-flow periods in two of our catchments suggest that historical or current anthropogenic activities, such as mining, application of road salt, and/or near-stream septic systems, affect local stream and groundwater chemistry. In a foothill catchment with anthropogenic and geologic impervious surfaces, streamflow during storm responses was sourced from faster, surficial flowpaths compared to a less disturbed neighboring catchment, highlighting the influence of anthropogenic land-use on runoff generation. This study provides insight into the fundamental hydrology of foothill catchments and how they may function in the future with human development, precipitation shifts and disturbances.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125672","usgsCitation":"Bukoski, I.S., Murphy, S.F., Birch, A.L., and Barnard, H.R., 2021, Summer runoff generation in foothill catchments of the Colorado Front Range: Journal of Hydrology, v. 595, 125672, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125672.","productDescription":"125672, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-117845","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454362,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125672","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385217,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.083984375,\n 39.757879992021756\n ],\n [\n -104.765625,\n 39.757879992021756\n ],\n [\n -104.765625,\n 40.212440718286466\n ],\n [\n -106.083984375,\n 40.212440718286466\n ],\n [\n -106.083984375,\n 39.757879992021756\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"595","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bukoski, Isaac S.","contributorId":257521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bukoski","given":"Isaac","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":36621,"text":"University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murphy, Sheila F. 0000-0002-5481-3635 sfmurphy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5481-3635","contributorId":1854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Sheila","email":"sfmurphy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Birch, Andrew L.","contributorId":257522,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Birch","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":36621,"text":"University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnard, Holly R.","contributorId":257523,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnard","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":36621,"text":"University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70215734,"text":"70215734 - 2021 - Seabird‐induced natural mortality of forage fish varies with fish abundance: Evidence from five ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-05T21:26:22.505609","indexId":"70215734","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-19T08:04:48","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1652,"text":"Fish and Fisheries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seabird‐induced natural mortality of forage fish varies with fish abundance: Evidence from five ecosystems","docAbstract":"Forage fish populations often undergo large and rapid fluctuations in abundance. However, most of their predators are buffered against such fluctuations owing to their slower pace of life, which allows them to maintain more stable populations, at least during short periods of food scarcity. In this study, we investigated top‐down processes exerted by seabirds on forage fish stocks in five contrasted marine ecosystems, compiling numerous data sets on seabird counts, diets, energetic needs and prey energy content and abundance. Off Norway, South Africa, Peru, Sweden and Scotland, we found that predation pressure—estimated as the proportion of a fish stock consumed by seabirds—was generally low (median = 1%), but increased sharply at low levels of prey abundance. When prey biomass decreased below 15–18% of its maximum recorded value, predation by seabirds became a source of important additional pressure on prey stocks (~20% of prey biomass is consumed by seabirds). An earlier empirical study advocated for keeping forage stocks from falling below a threshold of 33% of long‐term maximum prey biomass in order to safeguard seabird breeding success, but here we further suggest that a threshold of 18% should be considered as a limit not to be exceeded for the sake of the forage fish themselves, and below which extra cautious management of fisheries may be required. Nevertheless, despite exceptionally high rates of predation on some occasions, predation pressure was not correlated with prey dynamics, suggesting an absence of prey entrapment due to seabirds alone in these five ecosystems.
Artificial nightlight is increasingly recognized as an important environmental disturbance that influences the habitats and fitness of numerous species. However, its effects on wide‐ranging vertebrates and their interactions remain unclear. Light pollution has the potential to amplify land‐use change, and as such, answering the question of how this sensory stimulant affects behavior and habitat use of species valued for their ecological roles and economic impacts is critical for conservation and land‐use planning. Here, we combined satellite‐derived estimates of light pollution, with GPS‐data from cougars Puma concolor (n = 56), mule deer Odocoileus hemionus (n = 263) and locations of cougar‐killed deer (n = 1562 carcasses), to assess the effects of light exposure on mammal behavior and predator–prey relationships across wildland–urban gradients in the southwestern United States. Our results indicate that deer used the anthropogenic environments to access forage and were more active at night than their wildland conspecifics. Despite higher nightlight levels, cougars killed deer at the wildland–urban interface, but hunted them in the relatively darkest locations. Light had the greatest effect of all covariates on where cougars killed deer at the wildland–urban interface. Both species exhibited functional responses to light pollution at fine scales; individual cougars and deer with less light exposure increasingly avoided illuminated areas when exposed to greater radiance, whereas deer living in the wildland–urban interface selected elevated light levels. We conclude that integrating estimates of light pollution into ecological studies provides crucial insights into how the dynamic human footprint can alter animal behavior and ecosystem function across spatial scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ecog.05251","usgsCitation":"Ditmer, M.A., Stoner, D.C., Francis, C.D., Barber, J.R., Forester, J.D., Choate, D.M., Ironside, K.E., Longshore, K., Hersey, K.R., Larson, R.T., McMillan, B., Olson, D., Andreasen, A.M., Beckmann, J., Holton, B.P., Messmer, T., and Carter, N., 2021, Artificial nightlight alters the predator-prey dynamics of an apex carnivore: Ecography, v. 44, no. 2, p. 1492-161, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.05251.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1492","endPage":"161","ipdsId":"IP-121575","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.05251","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":380780,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, 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University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":805626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Forester, James D.","contributorId":194334,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Forester","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":805627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Choate, David M.","contributorId":207778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Choate","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37455,"text":"University of Nevada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":805628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ironside, Kristen E.","contributorId":245207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ironside","given":"Kristen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":24583,"text":"former USGS 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T.","contributorId":245209,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larson","given":"Randy","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6681,"text":"Brigham Young University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":805632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"McMillan, Brock R.","contributorId":245210,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McMillan","given":"Brock R.","affiliations":[{"id":6681,"text":"Brigham Young University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":805633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Olson, Daniel","contributorId":171438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olson","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[{"id":12682,"text":"Utah State University, Logan, UT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":805634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Andreasen, Alyson M.","contributorId":245211,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Andreasen","given":"Alyson","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16686,"text":"University of Nevada, Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":805635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Beckmann, Jon P.","contributorId":73098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beckmann","given":"Jon P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":805653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Holton, Brandon P.","contributorId":245212,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holton","given":"Brandon","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":49123,"text":"NPS - Grand Canyon National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":805636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Carter, Neil H.","contributorId":245214,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carter","given":"Neil H.","affiliations":[{"id":37387,"text":"University of Michigan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":805638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Messmer, Terry A.","contributorId":245213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Messmer","given":"Terry A.","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":805637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}}
,{"id":70219196,"text":"70219196 - 2021 - Signatures of hydrologic function across the critical zone observatory network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-30T12:05:44.485187","indexId":"70219196","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-18T06:50:52","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Signatures of hydrologic function across the critical zone observatory network","docAbstract":"Despite a multitude of small catchment studies, we lack a deep understanding of how variations in critical zone architecture lead to variations in hydrologic states and fluxes. This study characterizes hydrologic dynamics of 15 catchments of the U.S. Critical Zone Observatory (CZO) network where we hypothesized that our understanding of subsurface structure would illuminate patterns of hydrologic partitioning. The CZOs collect data sets that characterize the physical, chemical, and biological architecture of the subsurface, while also monitoring hydrologic fluxes such as streamflow, precipitation, and evapotranspiration. For the first time, we collate time series of hydrologic variables across the CZO network and begin the process of examining hydrologic signatures across sites. We find that catchments with low baseflow indices and high runoff sensitivity to storage receive most of their precipitation as rain and contain clay‐rich regolith profiles, prominent argillic horizons, and/or anthropogenic modifications. In contrast, sites with high baseflow indices and low runoff sensitivity to storage receive the majority of precipitation as snow and have more permeable regolith profiles. The seasonal variability of water balance components is a key control on the dynamic range of hydraulically connected water in the critical zone. These findings lead us to posit that water balance partitioning and streamflow hydraulics are linked through the coevolution of critical zone architecture but that much work remains to parse these controls out quantitatively.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2019WR026635","usgsCitation":"Wlostowski, A.N., Molotch, N.P., Anderson, S.P., Brantley, S.L., Chorover, J., Dralle, D., Kumar, P., Li, L., Lohse, K.A., Mallard, J., McIntosh, J.C., Murphy, S.F., Parrish, E., Safeeq, M., Seyfried, M., Shi, Y., and Harman, C., 2021, Signatures of hydrologic function across the critical zone observatory network: Water Resources Research, v. 57, no. 3, e2019WR026635, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR026635.","productDescription":"e2019WR026635, 28 p.","ipdsId":"IP-117846","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454369,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019wr026635","text":"Publisher Index 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0000-0001-5055-4202","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5055-4202","contributorId":150557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McIntosh","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6624,"text":"University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Murphy, Sheila F. 0000-0002-5481-3635 sfmurphy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5481-3635","contributorId":1854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Sheila","email":"sfmurphy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Parrish, Eric","contributorId":256760,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parrish","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36621,"text":"University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Safeeq, Mohammad 0000-0003-0529-3925","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0529-3925","contributorId":77814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Safeeq","given":"Mohammad","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6641,"text":"University of California at Merced","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Seyfried, Mark 0000-0001-8081-0713","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8081-0713","contributorId":256763,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seyfried","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":51849,"text":"United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research 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,{"id":70254939,"text":"70254939 - 2021 - Hierarchical computing for hierarchical models in ecology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-12T00:14:56.560958","indexId":"70254939","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-17T19:13:15","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"title":"Hierarchical computing for hierarchical models in ecology","docAbstract":"- Bayesian hierarchical models allow ecologists to account for uncertainty and make inference at multiple scales. However, hierarchical models are often computationally intensive to fit, especially with large datasets, and researchers face trade-offs between capturing ecological complexity in statistical models and implementing these models.
- We present a recursive Bayesian computing (RB) method that can be used to fit Bayesian models efficiently in sequential MCMC stages to ease computation and streamline hierarchical inference. We also introduce transformation-assisted RB (TARB) to create unsupervised MCMC algorithms and improve interpretability of parameters. We demonstrate TARB by fitting a hierarchical animal movement model to obtain inference about individual- and population-level migratory characteristics.
- Our recursive procedure reduced computation time for fitting our hierarchical movement model by half compared to fitting the model with a single MCMC algorithm. We obtained the same inference fitting our model using TARB as we obtained fitting the model with a single algorithm.
- For complex ecological statistical models, like those for animal movement, multi-species systems, or large spatial and temporal scales, the computational demands of fitting models with conventional computing techniques can limit model specification, thus hindering scientific discovery. Transformation-assisted RB is one of the most accessible methods for reducing these limitations, enabling us to implement new statistical models and advance our understanding of complex ecological phenomena.
Increasing aridity is a challenge for forest managers and reducing stand density to minimize competition is a recognized strategy to mitigate drought impacts on growth. In many dry forests, the most widespread and common forest management programs currently being implemented focus on restoration of historical stand structures, primarily to minimize fire risk and enhance watershed function. The implications of these restoration projects for drought vulnerability are not well understood. Here, we examined how planned restoration treatments in the Four Forests Restoration Initiative, the largest forest restoration project in the United States, would alter landscape‐scale patterns of forest growth and drought vulnerability throughout the 21st century. Using drought‐growth relationships developed within the landscape, we considered a suite of climate and treatment scenarios and estimated average forest growth and the proportion of years with extremely low growth as a measure of vulnerability to long‐term decline. Climatic shifts projected for this landscape include higher temperatures and shifting seasonal precipitation that promotes lower soil moisture availability in the early growing season and greater hot‐dry stress, conditions negatively associated with tree growth. However, drought severity and the magnitude of future growth declines was moderated by the thinning treatments. Compared to historical conditions, proportional growth in mid‐century declines by ~40% if thinning ceases or continues at the status quo pace. By comparison, proportional growth declines by only 20% if the Four Forest Restoration Initiative treatments are fully implemented, and < 10% if stands are thinned even more intensively than currently planned. Furthermore, restoration treatments resulted in dramatically fewer years with extremely low growth in the future, a recognized precursor to forest decline and eventual tree mortality. Benefits from density reduction for mitigating drought‐induced growth declines are more apparent in mid‐century and under RCP4.5 than under RCP8.5 at the end of the century. Future climate is inherently uncertain, and our results only reflect the climate projections from the representative suite of models examined. Nevertheless, these results indicate that forest restoration projects designed for other objectives also have substantial benefits for minimizing future drought vulnerability in dry forests and provide additional incentive to accelerate the pace of restoration.
Hunting is a popular activity but continued use of lead ammunition poses risks to wildlife and human health. To inform adoption of the voluntary use of nonlead ammunition, natural resource professionals were surveyed to understand their attitudes about threats to bald eagles, lead poisoning in bald eagles, human health risks from lead bullet fragments in venison, use of nonlead hunting ammunition, and socio-economic nonlead ammunition factors. Differences were examined by hunter status, ammunition type used, and intentions to use nonlead ammunition. Of participants surveyed, 61.0% were hunters and 39.0% nonhunters, with 59.5% of hunters using lead ammunition and 40.5% using nonlead. Concurrently, 68.5% of hunters reported likely intentions to continue using nonlead or convert to nonlead in the future, while 31.5% reported nonlead use was unlikely. Also, some hunters currently using nonlead ammunition indicated they would unlikely continue using nonlead (17.8%). Nonhunters agreed more strongly than hunters regarding general mortality threats to bald eagles. Additionally, nonhunters, hunters using nonlead, and likely nonlead users more strongly agreed about threats of lead exposure to eagles than their counterparts. Nonhunters and likely nonlead users also more strongly agreed than hunters and unlikely nonlead users about the human health risks of lead ammunition and about shooting characteristics of nonlead. Finally, nonhunters and nonlead users agreed more strongly than their counterparts about the socio-economic factors of using nonlead ammunition. Understanding natural resource professional hunters’ attitudes may help with audience segmentation when designing future nonlead outreach messages.
Postfire shifts in vegetation composition will have broad ecological impacts. However, information characterizing postfire recovery patterns and their drivers are lacking over large spatial extents. In this analysis, we used Landsat imagery collected when snow cover (SCS) was present, in combination with growing season (GS) imagery, to distinguish evergreen vegetation from deciduous vegetation. We sought to (1) characterize patterns in the rate of postfire, dual-season Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) across the region, (2) relate remotely sensed patterns to field-measured patterns of re-vegetation, and (3) identify seasonally specific drivers of postfire rates of NDVI recovery. Rates of postfire NDVI recovery were calculated for both the GS and SCS for more than 12,500 burned points across the western United States. Points were partitioned into faster and slower rates of NDVI recovery using thresholds derived from field plot data (n = 230) and their associated rates of NDVI recovery. We found plots with conifer saplings had significantly higher SCS NDVI recovery rates relative to plots without conifer saplings, while plots with ≥50% grass/forbs/shrubs cover had significantly higher GS NDVI recovery rates relative to plots with <50%. GS rates of NDVI recovery were best predicted by burn severity and anomalies in postfire maximum temperature. SCS NDVI recovery rates were best explained by aridity and growing degree days. This study is the most extensive effort, to date, to track postfire forest recovery across the western United States. Isolating patterns and drivers of evergreen recovery from deciduous recovery will enable improved characterization of forest ecological condition across large spatial scales.
Seasonal timing is important for many critical life history events of vertebrates, and photoperiod is often used as a reliable seasonal cue. In mammals and birds, it has been established that a photoperiod-driven seasonal clock resides in the brain and pituitary, and is driven by increased levels of pituitary thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and brain type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO2), which leads to local increases in triiodothyronine (T3). In order to determine if a similar mechanism occurs in fish, we conducted photoperiod manipulations in anadromous (migratory) Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) that use photoperiod to time the preparatory development of salinity tolerance which accompanies downstream migration in spring. Changing daylength from short days (light:dark (LD) 10:14) to long days (LD 16:8) for 20 days increased gill Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity, gill NKAα1b abundance and plasma growth hormone (GH) levels that normally accompany increased salinity tolerance of salmon in spring. Long-day exposure resulted in five-fold increases in pituitary tshβb mRNA levels after 10 days and were sustained for at least 20 days. tshβb mRNA levels in the saccus vasculosus were low and not influenced by photoperiod. Increased daylength resulted in significant increases in dio2b mRNA levels in the hypothalamus and midbrain/optic tectum regions of the brain. The results are consistent with the presence of a photoperiod-driven seasonal clock in fish which involves pituitary TSH, brain DIO2 and the subsequent production of T3, supporting the hypothesis that this is a common feature of photoperiodic regulation of seasonality in vertebrates.
Releases of oil and gas (OG) wastewaters can have complex effects on stream-water quality and downstream organisms, due to sediment-water interactions and groundwater/surface water exchange. Previously, elevated concentrations of sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), barium (Ba), strontium (Sr), and lithium (Li), and trace hydrocarbons were determined to be key markers of OG wastewater releases when combined with Sr and radium (Ra) isotopic compositions. Here, we assessed the persistence of an OG wastewater spill in a creek in North Dakota using a combination of geochemical measurements and modeling, hydrologic analysis, and geophysical investigations. OG wastewater comprised 0.1 to 0.3% of the stream-water compositions at downstream sites in February and June 2015 but could not be quantified in 2016 and 2017. However, OG-wastewater markers persisted in sediments and pore water for 2.5 years after the spill and up to 7.2-km downstream from the spill site. Concentrations of OG wastewater constituents were highly variable depending on the hydrologic conditions. Electromagnetic measurements indicated substantially higher electrical conductivity under the bank adjacent to a seep 7.2 km downstream from the spill site. Geomorphic investigations revealed mobilization of sediment is an important contaminant transport process. Labile Ba, Ra, Sr, and ammonium (NH4) concentrations extracted from sediments indicated sediments are a long-term reservoir of these constituents, both in the creek and on the floodplain. Using the drivers of ecological effects identified at this intensively studied site we identified 41 watersheds across the North Dakota landscape that may be subject to similar episodic inputs from OG wastewater spills. Effects of contaminants released to the environment during OG waste management activities remain poorly understood; however, analyses of Ra and Sr isotopic compositions, as well as trace inorganic and organic compound concentrations at these sites in pore-water provide insights into potentials for animal and human exposures well outside source-remediation zones.
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Jr. 0000-0002-3558-243X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-243X","contributorId":210076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John W.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Akob, Denise M. 0000-0003-1534-3025","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1534-3025","contributorId":204701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akob","given":"Denise M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70216443,"text":"70216443 - 2021 - Integrated geophysical imaging of rare-earth-element-bearing iron oxide-apatite deposits in the eastern Adirondack Highlands, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-03T23:55:38.970705","indexId":"70216443","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-14T06:44:42","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrated geophysical imaging of rare-earth-element-bearing iron oxide-apatite deposits in the eastern Adirondack Highlands, New York","docAbstract":"The eastern Adirondack Highlands of northern New York host dozens of iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposits containing magnetite and rare earth element (REE)-bearing apatite. We use new aeromagnetic, aeroradiometric, ground gravity, and sample petrophysical and geochemical data to image and understand these deposits and their geologic framework. Aeromagnetic total field data reflect highly magnetic leucogranite host rock and major structures that likely served as fluid conduits for the hydrothermal system. Bandpass filtering of the aeromagnetic data reveals individual deposits that were verified in the field or from historical records. A three-dimensional inversion for magnetic susceptibility images these deposits at depth, allowing inference of plunge directions and relative size. Radiometric data highlight variations in the surface geology and several large tailings piles that contain REE-bearing apatite. Within the host rock, eTh (equivalent Th), K and the eTh/K ratio are variable with high eTh/K near several of the IOA deposits. Areas with elevated K or low eTh/K representing potassic alteration appear to be rare; instead elevated eTh/K ratios likely reflect widespread sodic alteration overprinting potassic alteration. Bouguer gravity anomalies show limited correspondence to the surface geology, radiometric data, or magnetic data, but do exhibit ~10-km wide highs in areas where deposits are observed. Two-dimensional forward models of the gravity and magnetic data show that deeper dense material beneath the leucogranite is quantitatively feasible. If these dense rocks represent intrusions that were emplaced or still cooling at the time of mineralization, they may have served as a heat source that helped to drive the hydrothermal system. Combining datasets, we find that deposits occur towards the distal ends of major structures within the host leucogranite and mostly above gravity highs. The geophysical modeling thus suggests that IOA deposits formed in structural, thermal, and chemical traps near the distal ends of the hydrothermal system.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Exploration Geophysics","doi":"10.1190/geo2019-0783.1","usgsCitation":"Shah, A.K., Taylor, R.D., Walsh, G.J., and Phillips, J., 2021, Integrated geophysical imaging of rare-earth-element-bearing iron oxide-apatite deposits in the eastern Adirondack Highlands, New York: Geophysics, v. 86, no. 1, p. B37-B54, https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2019-0783.1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"B37","endPage":"B54","ipdsId":"IP-117777","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2019-0783.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":380582,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Adirondack Highlands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.2451171875,\n 43.42100882994726\n ],\n [\n -73.6083984375,\n 43.42100882994726\n ],\n [\n -73.6083984375,\n 44.809121700077355\n ],\n [\n -76.2451171875,\n 44.809121700077355\n ],\n [\n -76.2451171875,\n 43.42100882994726\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shah, Anjana K. 0000-0002-3198-081X ashah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3198-081X","contributorId":2297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shah","given":"Anjana","email":"ashah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Ryan D. 0000-0002-8845-5290","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8845-5290","contributorId":245004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walsh, Gregory J. 0000-0003-4264-8836 gwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-8836","contributorId":873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Gregory","email":"gwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phillips, Jeffrey 0000-0002-6459-2821 jeff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":127453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeff@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70228632,"text":"70228632 - 2021 - Explaining support for mandatory versus voluntary conservation actions among waterfowlers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-17T11:53:29.778847","indexId":"70228632","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-13T14:09:12","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1909,"text":"Human Dimensions of Wildlife","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Explaining support for mandatory versus voluntary conservation actions among waterfowlers","docAbstract":"Personal conservation behavior and compliance with natural resource regulations are important to wildlife conservation. We examined how waterfowl hunting involvement, motivations, satisfaction, and experience, along with institutional trust and demographics, correlated with support for waterfowl regulations and personal conservation actions. Regulations included zones, splits, and motorized decoys, while conservation behaviors addressed hunter recruitment, along with donations, volunteering, and voting in ways to support wildlife conservation. Results suggested that agency trust was positively related to support for regulations but negatively related to personal conservation behaviors. An increased orientation to harvest waterfowl was negatively related to both support for regulations and conservation behaviors. Education, income, Ducks Unlimited membership, and days hunting were positively related to personal conservation behavior. Results may help managers work cooperatively with hunters and conservation groups to support wildlife conservation.\n ","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10871209.2020.1830205","usgsCitation":"Schroeder, S., Cornicelli, L.J., Fulton, D.C., Landon, A., McInenly, L., and Cordts, S., 2021, Explaining support for mandatory versus voluntary conservation actions among waterfowlers: Human Dimensions of Wildlife, v. 26, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2020.1830205.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"355","ipdsId":"IP-113159","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396030,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","edition":"337","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schroeder, Susan A.","contributorId":279348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Susan A.","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cornicelli, Louis J","contributorId":279349,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cornicelli","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":34923,"text":"Minnesota DNR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fulton, David C. 0000-0001-5763-7887 dcf@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5763-7887","contributorId":2208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulton","given":"David","email":"dcf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Landon, Adam","contributorId":279350,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Landon","given":"Adam","affiliations":[{"id":34923,"text":"Minnesota DNR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McInenly, Leslie","contributorId":279351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McInenly","given":"Leslie","affiliations":[{"id":34923,"text":"Minnesota DNR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cordts, Steve","contributorId":279352,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cordts","given":"Steve","affiliations":[{"id":34923,"text":"Minnesota DNR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70216904,"text":"70216904 - 2021 - Aufeis fields as novel groundwater-dependent ecosystems in the arctic cryosphere","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-08T14:26:58.690673","indexId":"70216904","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-13T07:17:14","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Aufeis fields as novel groundwater-dependent ecosystems in the arctic cryosphere","title":"Aufeis fields as novel groundwater-dependent ecosystems in the arctic cryosphere","docAbstract":"River aufeis (ow′ fīse) are widespread features of the arctic cryosphere. They form when river channels become locally restricted by ice, resulting in cycles of water overflow and freezing and the accumulation of ice, with some aufeis attaining areas of ~ 25 + km2 and thicknesses of 6+ m. During winter, unfrozen sediments beneath the insulating ice layer provide perennial groundwater‐habitat that is otherwise restricted in regions of continuous permafrost. Our goal was to assess whether aufeis facilitate the occurrence of groundwater invertebrate communities in the Arctic. We focused on a single aufeis ecosystem (~ 5 km2 by late winter) along the Kuparuk River in arctic Alaska. Subsurface invertebrates were sampled during June and August 2017 from 50 3.5‐cm diameter PVC wells arranged in a 5 × 10 array covering ~ 40 ha. Surface invertebrates were sampled using a quadrat approach. We documented a rich assemblage of groundwater invertebrates (49 [43–54] taxa, ![\"urn:x-wiley:00011541:media:lno11626:lno11626-math-0002\"](\"https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/7a32d0a9-7215-420b-b719-9d3fe17937c8/lno11626-math-0002.png\")
[95% confidence limits]) that was distributed below the sediment surface to a mean depth of ~ 69 ± 2 cm (![\"urn:x-wiley:00011541:media:lno11626:lno11626-math-1002\"](\"https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/8c8f2ed5-7fa0-42a7-8a0e-1c45d5fe36be/lno11626-math-1002.png\")
± 1 SE) throughout the entire well array. Although community structure differed significantly between groundwater and surface habitats, the taxa richness from wells and surface sediments (43 [35–48] taxa) did not differ significantly, which was surprising given lower richness in subsurface habitats of large, riverine gravel‐aquifer systems shown elsewhere. This is the first demonstration of a rich and spatially extensive groundwater fauna in a region of continuous permafrost. Given the geographic extent of aufeis fields, localized groundwater‐dependent ecosystems may be widespread in the Arctic.
","language":"English","publisher":"Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography","doi":"10.1002/lno.11626","usgsCitation":"Huryn, A.D., Gooseff, M., Hendrickson, P., Briggs, M.A., Tape, K., and Terry, N., 2021, Aufeis fields as novel groundwater-dependent ecosystems in the arctic cryosphere: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 66, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11626.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"607","numberOfPages":"624","ipdsId":"IP-121809","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11626","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":381319,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kuparuk River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -149.2657470703125,\n 68.98007544853745\n ],\n [\n -147.6177978515625,\n 68.98007544853745\n ],\n [\n -147.6177978515625,\n 70.30022984515816\n ],\n [\n -149.2657470703125,\n 70.30022984515816\n ],\n [\n -149.2657470703125,\n 68.98007544853745\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huryn, Alexander D. 0000-0002-1365-2361","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1365-2361","contributorId":20164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huryn","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":28219,"text":"The University of Alabama, Department of Biological Sciences, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gooseff, M.","contributorId":201026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gooseff","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":806890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hendrickson, P.","contributorId":245721,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hendrickson","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36621,"text":"University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Briggs, Martin A. 0000-0003-3206-4132 mbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-4132","contributorId":4114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Martin","email":"mbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tape, K.","contributorId":245722,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tape","given":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Terry, Neil C. 0000-0002-3965-340X nterry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3965-340X","contributorId":192554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terry","given":"Neil","email":"nterry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70215473,"text":"70215473 - 2021 - Challenges in the interpretation of anticoagulant rodenticide residues and toxicity in predatory and scavenging birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-19T16:28:00.30524","indexId":"70215473","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-13T07:00:15","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3035,"text":"Pest Management Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Challenges in the interpretation of anticoagulant rodenticide residues and toxicity in predatory and scavenging birds","docAbstract":"Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) are part of the near billion-dollar rodenticide industry. Numerous studies have documented the presence of ARs in non-target wildlife, with evidence of repeated exposure to second-generation ARs. While birds are generally less sensitive to ARs than target rodent species, in some locations predatory and scavenging birds are exposed by consumption of such poisoned prey, and depending on dose and frequency of exposure, exhibit signs of intoxication that can result in death. Evidence of hemorrhage in conjunction with summed hepatic AR residues >0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg liver wet weight are often used as criteria to diagnose ARs as the likely cause of death. In this review focusing on birds of prey and scavengers, we discuss AR potency, coagulopathy, toxicokinetics and long-lasting effects of residues, the role of nutrition and vitamin K status on toxicity, and identify some research needs. A more complete understanding of the factors affecting AR toxicity in non-target wildlife would enable regulators and natural resource managers to better predict and even mitigate risk.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ps.6137","usgsCitation":"Rattner, B.A., and Harvey, J.J., 2021, Challenges in the interpretation of anticoagulant rodenticide residues and toxicity in predatory and scavenging birds: Pest Management Science, v. 77, no. 2, p. 604-610, https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.6137.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"604","endPage":"610","ipdsId":"IP-120393","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":379579,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843 brattner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":4142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett","email":"brattner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":802269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, Joel James 0000-0002-0464-5987","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0464-5987","contributorId":243431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":802285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70232558,"text":"70232558 - 2021 - Nutrient limitation of phytoplankton in Chesapeake Bay: Development of an empirical approach for water-quality management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-07T12:01:41.226961","indexId":"70232558","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-13T06:57:47","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nutrient limitation of phytoplankton in Chesapeake Bay: Development of an empirical approach for water-quality management","docAbstract":"Understanding the temporal and spatial roles of nutrient limitation on phytoplankton growth is necessary for developing successful management strategies. Chesapeake Bay has well-documented seasonal and spatial variations in nutrient limitation, but it remains unknown whether these patterns of nutrient limitation have changed in response to nutrient management efforts. We analyzed historical data from nutrient bioassay experiments (1992–2002) and data from long-term, fixed-site water-quality monitoring program (1990–2017) to develop empirical approaches for predicting nutrient limitation in the surface waters of the mainstem Bay. Results from classification and regression trees (CART) matched the seasonal and spatial patterns of bioassay-based nutrient limitation in the 1992–2002 period much better than two simpler, non-statistical approaches. An ensemble approach of three selected CART models satisfactorily reproduced the bioassay-based results (classification rate = 99%). This empirical approach can be used to characterize nutrient limitation from long-term water-quality monitoring data on much broader geographic and temporal scales than would be feasible using bioassays, providing a new tool for informing water-quality management. Results from our application of the approach to 21 tidal monitoring stations for the period of 2007–2017 showed modest changes in nutrient limitation patterns, with expanded areas of nitrogen-limitation and contracted areas of nutrient saturation (i.e., not limited by nitrogen or phosphorus). These changes imply that long-term reductions in nitrogen load have led to expanded areas with nutrient-limited phytoplankton growth in the Bay, reflecting long-term water-quality improvements in the context of nutrient enrichment. However, nutrient limitation patterns remain unchanged in the majority of the mainstem, suggesting that nutrient loads should be further reduced to achieve a less nutrient-saturated ecosystem.
Bioaccumulation of environmental contaminants in mammalian predators can serve as an indicator of ecosystem health. We examined mercury concentrations of raccoons (Procyon lotor; n = 37 individuals) and striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis; n = 87 individuals) in Suisun Marsh, California, a large brackish marsh that is characterized by contiguous tracts of tidal marsh and seasonally impounded wetlands. Mean (standard error; range) total mercury concentrations in adult hair grown from 2015 to 2018 were 28.50 μg/g dw (3.05 μg/g dw; range: 4.46 – 81.01 μg/g dw) in raccoons and 4.85 μg/g dw (0.54 μg/g dw; range: 1.52 – 27.02 μg/g dw) in striped skunks. We reviewed mammalian hair mercury concentrations in the literature and raccoon mercury concentrations in Suisun Marsh were among the highest observed for wild mammals. Although striped skunk hair mercury concentrations were 83% lower than raccoons, they were higher than proposed background levels for mercury in mesopredator hair (1 – 5 μg/g). Hair mercury concentrations in skunks and raccoons were not related to animal size, but mercury concentrations were higher in skunks in poorer body condition. Large inter-annual differences in hair mercury concentrations suggest that methylmercury exposure to mammalian predators varied among years. Mercury concentrations of raccoon hair grown in 2017 were 2.7 times greater than hair grown in 2015, 1.7 times greater than hair grown in 2016, and 1.6 times greater than hair grown in 2018. Annual mean raccoon and skunk hair mercury concentrations increased with wetland habitat area. Furthermore, during 2017, raccoon hair mercury concentrations increased with the proportion of raccoon home ranges that was wetted habitat, as quantified using global positioning system (GPS) collars. The elevated mercury concentrations we observed in raccoons and skunks suggest that other wildlife at similar or higher trophic positions may also be exposed to elevated methylmercury bioaccumulation in brackish marshes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115808","usgsCitation":"Peterson, S.H., Ackerman, J.T., Hartman, C.A., Casazza, M.L., Feldheim, C.L., and Herzog, M.P., 2021, Mercury exposure in mammalian mesopredators inhabiting a brackish marsh: Environmental Pollution, v. 273, 115808, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115808.","productDescription":"115808, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-120005","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454387,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115808","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9SRJFSI","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Hair and blood total mercury concentrations in raccoons and striped skunks from Suisun Marsh 2016 to 2019"},{"id":382257,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Grizzly Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.85932159423828,\n 38.07025760046315\n ],\n [\n -121.88541412353514,\n 38.07863588213716\n ],\n [\n -121.89159393310547,\n 38.09728086978861\n ],\n [\n -121.88953399658205,\n 38.125104394177896\n ],\n [\n -121.91150665283203,\n 38.11997269662426\n ],\n [\n -121.91459655761719,\n 38.131856078273124\n ],\n [\n -121.90979003906249,\n 38.14400753588854\n ],\n [\n -121.9369125366211,\n 38.1680344597114\n ],\n [\n -121.95545196533203,\n 38.174512274922485\n ],\n [\n -121.97193145751953,\n 38.186656626605604\n ],\n [\n -122.0302963256836,\n 38.171273439283084\n ],\n [\n -122.06153869628906,\n 38.145627577349174\n ],\n [\n -122.05432891845703,\n 38.12969560730616\n ],\n [\n -122.00557708740234,\n 38.13374643791151\n ],\n [\n -121.99596405029295,\n 38.115921101680726\n ],\n [\n -122.02171325683595,\n 38.096200130788844\n ],\n [\n -121.96815490722656,\n 38.06863588670429\n ],\n [\n -121.92146301269531,\n 38.07836562996712\n ],\n [\n -121.92729949951172,\n 38.0621486721586\n ],\n [\n -121.9362258911133,\n 38.055931218476616\n ],\n [\n -121.90258026123045,\n 38.04538737239996\n ],\n [\n -121.85932159423828,\n 38.07025760046315\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"273","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, Sarah H. 0000-0003-2773-3901 sepeterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2773-3901","contributorId":167181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Sarah","email":"sepeterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":202848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hartman, C. Alex 0000-0002-7222-1633 chartman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7222-1633","contributorId":131157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"C.","email":"chartman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alex","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Feldheim, Cliff L.","contributorId":206561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Feldheim","given":"Cliff","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37342,"text":"California Department of Water Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Herzog, Mark P. 0000-0002-5203-2835 mherzog@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5203-2835","contributorId":131158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzog","given":"Mark","email":"mherzog@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70222063,"text":"70222063 - 2021 - Groundwater discharges as a source of phytoestrogens and other agriculturally derived contaminants to streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-16T14:31:42.734716","indexId":"70222063","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-09T09:12:44","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater discharges as a source of phytoestrogens and other agriculturally derived contaminants to streams","docAbstract":"Groundwater discharge zones in streams are important habitats for aquatic organisms. The use of discharge zones for thermal refuge and spawning by fish and other biota renders them susceptible to potential focused discharge of groundwater contamination. Currently, there is a paucity of information about discharge zones as a potential exposure pathway of chemicals to stream ecosystems. Using thermal mapping technologies to locate groundwater discharges, shallow groundwater and surface water from three rivers in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, USA were analyzed for phytoestrogens, pesticides and their degradates, steroid hormones, sterols and bisphenol A. A Bayesian censored regression model was used to compare groundwater and surface water chemical concentrations. The most frequently detected chemicals in both ground and surface water were the phytoestrogens genistein (79%) and formononetin (55%), the herbicides metolachlor (50%) and atrazine (74%), and the sterol cholesterol (88%). There was evidence suggesting groundwater discharge zones could be a unique exposure pathway of chemicals to surface water systems, in our case, metolachlor sulfonic acid (posterior mean concentration = 150 ng/L in groundwater and 4.6 ng/L in surface water). Our study also demonstrated heterogeneity of chemical concentration in groundwater discharge zones within a stream for the phytoestrogen formononetin, the herbicides metolachlor and atrazine, and cholesterol. Results support the hypothesis that discharge zones are an important source of exposure of phytoestrogens and herbicides to aquatic organisms. To manage critical resources within the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, more work is needed to characterize exposure in discharge zones more broadly across time and space.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142873","usgsCitation":"Thompson, T.J., Briggs, M., Phillips, P.J., Blazer, V., Smalling, K., Kolpin, D., and Wagner, T., 2021, Groundwater discharges as a source of phytoestrogens and other agriculturally derived contaminants to streams: Science of the Total Environment, v. 755, 142873, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142873.","productDescription":"142873, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-122288","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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,{"id":70228570,"text":"70228570 - 2021 - A framework for assessing the ability to detect macroscale effects on fish growth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-14T19:50:25.072912","indexId":"70228570","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-08T14:50:10","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A framework for assessing the ability to detect macroscale effects on fish growth","docAbstract":"Various abiotic and biotic factors affect fish and their habitats at macroscales. For example, changes in global temperatures will likely alter demographic rates, including growth. However, to date, there is no statistical framework for assessing the ability to detect macroscale effects on fish growth under different sampling scenarios. We provide a generalized framework for calculating the frequentist and Bayesian power of detecting macroscale effects on fish growth. We illustrate this framework for a range of sampling scenarios that varied in the number of fish sampled per lake, the number of lakes sampled, and the magnitude of the temperature effect on growth for two case study species. However, the framework can be adapted to investigate other species, sampling scenarios, and environmental drivers. The ability to detect macroscale effects was more affected by the number of lakes sampled rather than the number of fish sampled from each lake. Confidently detecting macroscale effects likely requires sampling hundreds of lakes. This was true for both case study species, despite different life histories and extents of spatial variability in growth.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2019-0296","usgsCitation":"Massie, D.L., Li, Y., and Wagner, T., 2021, A framework for assessing the ability to detect macroscale effects on fish growth: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 78, no. 2, p. 165-172, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2019-0296.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"165","endPage":"172","ipdsId":"IP-111810","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395919,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Massie, Danielle L.","contributorId":196717,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Massie","given":"Danielle","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":834633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, Yan","contributorId":264515,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Yan","affiliations":[{"id":6738,"text":"The Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70217816,"text":"70217816 - 2021 - Maternal transfer of polychlorinated biphenyls in Pacific sand lance (Ammodytes personatus), Puget Sound, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T14:10:02.564138","indexId":"70217816","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-08T08:05:45","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Maternal transfer of polychlorinated biphenyls in Pacific sand lance (Ammodytes personatus), Puget Sound, Washington","docAbstract":"We measured polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in multiple age and size classes of Pacific sand lance (Ammodytes personatus), including eggs, young-of-the year, and adults to evaluate maternal transfer as a pathway for contaminant uptake and to add to the limited information on the occurrence of PCBs in sand lance in Puget Sound. Sampling was replicated at an urban embayment (Eagle Harbor) and a state park along an open shoreline (Clayton Beach), during spring and fall. Lipid-normalized concentrations of PCBs in sand lance at Eagle Harbor were 5–11 times higher than PCB concentrations in comparable samples at Clayton Beach. This was true for every life stage and size class of sand lance, including eggs removed from females. The same trend was observed in environmental samples. In Eagle Harbor, PCB concentrations in unfiltered water (0.19 ng/L), sieved (<63 μm) nearshore bed sediments (0.78 ng/g dw) and suspended particulate matter (1.69 ng/g dw) were 2–3 times higher than equivalent samples from near Clayton Beach. Sand lance collected in the fall (buried in sediment during presumed winter dormancy) had lower lipid content and up to four times higher PCB concentrations than comparably sized fish collected in the spring (by beach seine). Lipid content was 5–8% in spring fish and was reduced in fall fish (1–3%). Male sand lance had higher PCB concentrations than comparable females. All egg samples contained PCBs, and the lipid normalized egg/female concentration ratios were close to 1 (0.87–0.96), confirming that maternal transfer of PCBs occurred, resulting in sand lance eggs and early life stages being contaminated with PCBs even before they are exposed to exogenous sources. These life stages are prey for an even wider range of species than consume adult sand lance, creating additional exposure pathways for biota and increasing the challenges for mitigation of PCBs in the food web.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142819","usgsCitation":"Liedtke, T.L., and Conn, K., 2021, Maternal transfer of polychlorinated biphenyls in Pacific sand lance (Ammodytes personatus), Puget Sound, Washington: Science of the Total Environment, v. 764, 142819, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142819.","productDescription":"142819, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119062","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454394,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142819","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9SKVGPC","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Maternal transfer of PCBs in Pacific sand lance in Puget Sound, Washington"},{"id":382947,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.431396484375,\n 46.92025531537451\n ],\n [\n -121.97021484374999,\n 46.92025531537451\n ],\n [\n -121.97021484374999,\n 48.99463598353405\n ],\n [\n -123.431396484375,\n 48.99463598353405\n ],\n [\n -123.431396484375,\n 46.92025531537451\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"764","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liedtke, Theresa L. 0000-0001-6063-9867 tliedtke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6063-9867","contributorId":2999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liedtke","given":"Theresa","email":"tliedtke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conn, Kathleen E. 0000-0002-2334-6536 kconn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2334-6536","contributorId":3923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conn","given":"Kathleen E.","email":"kconn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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