Tapping the surficial sand-plain aquifers in west-central Minnesota has raised the possibility for degradation of water quality. The sand-plain areas are generally overlain by sandy soils that permit rapid infiltration of precipitation and, possibly, of surface contaminants. One hundred twenty-five wells were sampled in Hubbard, Morrison, Otter Tail, and Wadena Counties during 1979-81 to establish regional baseline water quality. The wells were chosen to provide optimum areal coverage based on geology, direction of ground-water flow, and extent of aquifer development.
\nWater from the sand-plain aquifers is of the calcium bicarbonate type. The water is hard to very hard with dissolved solids ranging from about 100 to 700 milligrams per liter. Locally, concentrations of dissolved solids, iron, manganese, and nitrate exceeded limits recommended by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency.
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R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chase, T. E.","contributorId":14784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilde, Pat","contributorId":28981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilde","given":"Pat","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hampton, M. A.","contributorId":103271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gutmacher, C. 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A.","contributorId":32130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seekins","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Johnson, K.H.","contributorId":27450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":25667,"text":"wri8250 - 1982 - Methodology for hydrologic evaluation of a potential surface mine: Loblolly Branch basin, Tuscaloosa County, Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-05T21:33:26.214436","indexId":"wri8250","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-50","title":"Methodology for hydrologic evaluation of a potential surface mine: Loblolly Branch basin, Tuscaloosa County, Alabama","docAbstract":"Methodology for evaluating premining hydrology and postmining effects of mining and reclamation on the hydrology of an area is presented for a potential mine-permit area of 1,680 acres in the Warrior Coal Field, northwestern Alabama.
Information is included on climate, geology, soil-water relations, vegetation, surface water, ground water, and quality of water. Estimation techniques are used to develop data for reconstructed topography, soil-water relations, vegetation cover, peak flows, flow volumes, soil losses, and sediment yields.
Streamflow response of the basin is described by the variable-source-area concept; nearly all water moving from slopes flows through coarse-textured soils and unconsolidated sand and gravel deposits that are underlain by an impermeable clay zone. The resultant peak discharges per unit area are small to moderate, and there is very little erosion of slopes or channels. Susceptibility of the soils to compaction by heavy machines and the effects of compaction on soil-water relations are demonstrated.
Regression and empirical methods for evaluating streamflow characteristics are compared. Estimates of peak discharges made with four methods are divergent, particularly for recurrence intervals of 2, 5, and 10 years; divergence is less for 25-, 50-, and 100-year discharges.
The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and sediment-delivery ratios are used to estimate sediment yields for various land and cover conditions from premining until 20 years after reclamation would begin. A premining estimate of sediment yield made with the Universal Soil Loss Equation and a sediment-delivery ratio is about 2.5 times larger than an estimate made with the sediment rating curve-flow duration method.
Research and data needs are discussed regarding: (1) An improved understanding of the hydrology of small, very ,permeable, upland basins; (2) alternative methods for estimating streamflow and sediment yield of such basins; (3) field evaluation of permeability and erodibility of soils on reclaimed areas; and (4) better understanding of ground-water hydrology and geochemistry of the coal-bearing Pottsville Formation before and after mining.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri8250","usgsCitation":"Shown, L.M., Frickel, D., Miller, R., and Branson, F., 1982, Methodology for hydrologic evaluation of a potential surface mine: Loblolly Branch basin, Tuscaloosa County, Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 82-50, vii, 93 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8250.","productDescription":"vii, 93 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380219,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/0050/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/0050/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","county":"Tuscaloosa County","otherGeospatial":"Loblolly Branch basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.5,\n 33.33333333\n ],\n [\n -87.41666667,\n 33.33333333\n ],\n [\n -87.41666667,\n 33.45\n ],\n [\n -87.5,\n 33.45\n ],\n [\n -87.5,\n 33.33333333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629fab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shown, Lynn M.","contributorId":7326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shown","given":"Lynn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frickel, D. G.","contributorId":11213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frickel","given":"D. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, R.F.","contributorId":83882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Branson, F.A.","contributorId":31430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Branson","given":"F.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":8837,"text":"ofr82580 - 1982 - Self-potential measurements and interpretation at Riviere Langevin and Cirque de Salazie, Ile de la Reunion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:15","indexId":"ofr82580","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-580","title":"Self-potential measurements and interpretation at Riviere Langevin and Cirque de Salazie, Ile de la Reunion","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr82580","usgsCitation":"Fitterman, D., 1982, Self-potential measurements and interpretation at Riviere Langevin and Cirque de Salazie, Ile de la Reunion: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-580, 52 p., ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr82580.","productDescription":"52 p., ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141627,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0580/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":36413,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0580/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ffe4b07f02db5f7b8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitterman, D.V. 0000-0001-5600-3401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5600-3401","contributorId":70386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitterman","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":41927,"text":"ofr82191 - 1982 - Aeromagnetic map of northern Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:04","indexId":"ofr82191","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-191","title":"Aeromagnetic map of northern Ohio","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr82191","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1982, Aeromagnetic map of northern Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-191, 2 maps ;61 x 89 cm., 82 x 90 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr82191.","productDescription":"2 maps ;61 x 89 cm., 82 x 90 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136689,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":79660,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0191/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":79661,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0191/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697d2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":530708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":40934,"text":"ofr82565 - 1982 - Potentiometric-surface map of water in the Eagle Sandstone and equivalent units in the northern Great Plains area of Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-27T20:51:53.126062","indexId":"ofr82565","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-565","title":"Potentiometric-surface map of water in the Eagle Sandstone and equivalent units in the northern Great Plains area of Montana","docAbstract":"The potentiometric surface of water in the Upper Cretaceous Eagle Sandstone and equivalent units (Virgelle Sandstone and Telegraph Creek Formation) is shown on a base map at a scale of 1:1,000,000. The map is one of a series of maps produced as part of a regional study of aquifers of Cenozoic and Mesozoic age in the northern Great plains of Montana. The contour interval is 200 feet. The map shows that the directions of regional ground-water movement is from west to east except in the extreme northwestern corner where the movement is from east to west. Water is discharged from the Eagle Sandstone to the Missouri River south of the Bearpaw Mountains. In the area north of the Bearpaw Mountains, depressurization from gas production may account for the decline in the potentiometric surface. The average discharge from 115 wells is about 23 gallons per minute and the specific capacity of 85 wells averages 1.4 gallons per minute per foot of drawdown.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr82565","usgsCitation":"Levings, G., 1982, Potentiometric-surface map of water in the Eagle Sandstone and equivalent units in the northern Great Plains area of Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-565, 1 Plate: 40.81 × 22.83 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr82565.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 40.81 × 22.83 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":78824,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0565/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":407484,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_75643.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":171535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.5,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -104.0417,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -104.0417,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -112.5,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -112.5,\n 45\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696b88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Levings, Gary W.","contributorId":106889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levings","given":"Gary W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":224205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":7006,"text":"ofr821066 - 1982 - Analytical results for stream sediments, panned concentrates from stream sediments, and rocks collected from the Wonder Mountain Roadless Area (6086), Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:54","indexId":"ofr821066","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-1066","title":"Analytical results for stream sediments, panned concentrates from stream sediments, and rocks collected from the Wonder Mountain Roadless Area (6086), Washington","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr821066","usgsCitation":"Church, S.E., Frisken, J., Mosier, E.L., and McDanal, S., 1982, Analytical results for stream sediments, panned concentrates from stream sediments, and rocks collected from the Wonder Mountain Roadless Area (6086), Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-1066, 87 p. map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr821066.","productDescription":"87 p. map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/1066/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":34300,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/1066/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c9df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Church, S. E.","contributorId":58260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frisken, J. G.","contributorId":90296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frisken","given":"J. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mosier, E. L.","contributorId":71537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mosier","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McDanal, S.K.","contributorId":108078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDanal","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":7513,"text":"ofr82886 - 1982 - Spectrographic analyses and statistical summaries of nonmagnetic-heavy-mineral-concentrate samples from north-central New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:12","indexId":"ofr82886","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-886","title":"Spectrographic analyses and statistical summaries of nonmagnetic-heavy-mineral-concentrate samples from north-central New Hampshire","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr82886","usgsCitation":"Domenico, J.A., Howd, F.H., Hall-Santala, P.A., and Gerstel, W., 1982, Spectrographic analyses and statistical summaries of nonmagnetic-heavy-mineral-concentrate samples from north-central New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-886, 36 p., maps ;29 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr82886.","productDescription":"36 p., maps ;29 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0886/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":34979,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0886/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e5e1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Domenico, J. A.","contributorId":12028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domenico","given":"J.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":155950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howd, F. H.","contributorId":52965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howd","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":155952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hall-Santala, P. A.","contributorId":92254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall-Santala","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":155953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gerstel, W.J.","contributorId":40988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerstel","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":155951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":40603,"text":"ofr81907 - 1982 - Chloride and total hardness concentrations of water from the upper part of the Floridan Aquifer in St. Johns County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-24T07:27:29","indexId":"ofr81907","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-907","title":"Chloride and total hardness concentrations of water from the upper part of the Floridan Aquifer in St. Johns County, Florida","docAbstract":"Data collected from 1976 to 1979 indicate large water-quality variations in the upper 300 feet of the Floridan aquifer in St. Johns County, Florida. Chloride concentrations range from less than 10 milligrams per liter in the northwestern part of the county to more than 1,000 milligrams per liter in the southeast and extreme southwest. Total hardness concentrations range from 110 milligrams per liter in the northwest to 1,700 milligrams per liter in the southeast. In most of the county, high chloride and total hardness concentrations indicate the presence of saline water that entered the aquifer during the Pleistocene Epoch and has not been flushed out. Water quality in the aquifer has also been influenced by submarine discharge in the southeast and by heavy pumpage for irrigation in the southwest. High total hardness concentrations not accompanied by high chloride values in the western part of the county may be structurally controlled or may indicate the presence of gypsum evaporite beds in the upper 300 feet of the aquifer. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr81907","usgsCitation":"Hampson, P.S., and Hayes, E.C., 1982, Chloride and total hardness concentrations of water from the upper part of the Floridan Aquifer in St. Johns County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-907, 3 maps :col. ;29 x 19 cm. on sheet 67 x 82 cm. folded in envelope 31 x 23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81907.","productDescription":"3 maps :col. ;29 x 19 cm. on sheet 67 x 82 cm. folded in envelope 31 x 23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":173382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266347,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0907/plate-1.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e26d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hampson, Paul S.","contributorId":59782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampson","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayes, Eugene C.","contributorId":46918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4822,"text":"pp1183 - 1982 - Landslide overview map of the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-17T12:13:28","indexId":"pp1183","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1183","title":"Landslide overview map of the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"The accompanying landslide overview map of the conterminous United States is one of a series of National Environmental Overview Maps that summarize geologic, hydrogeologic, and topographic data essential to the assessment of national environmental problems. The map delineates areas where large numbers of landslides exist and areas which are susceptible to landsliding. It was prepared by evaluating the geologic map of the United States and classifying the geologic units according to high, medium, or low landslide incidence (number) and high, medium, or low susceptibility to landsliding.\r\n\r\n Rock types, structures, topography, precipitation, landslide type, and landslide incidence are mentioned for each physical subdivision of the United States. The differences in slope stability between the Colorado Plateau, the Appalachian Highlands, the Coast Ranges of California, and the Southern Rocky Mountains are compared in detail, to illustrate the influence of various natural factors on the types of landsliding that occur in regions having different physical conditions. These four mountainous regions are among the most landslide-prone areas in the United States.\r\n\r\n The Colorado Plateau is a deformed platform where interbedded sedimentary rocks of varied lithologic properties have been gently warped and deeply eroded. The rocks are extensively fractured. Regional fracture systems, joints associated with individual geologic structures, and joints parallel to topographic surfaces, such as cliff faces, greatly influence slope stability. Detached blocks at the edges of mesas, as well as columns, arched recesses, and many natural arches on the Colorado Plateau, were formed wholly or in part by mass movement.\r\n\r\n In the Appalachian Highlands, earth flows, debris flows, and debris avalanches predominate in weathered bedrock and colluvium. Damaging debris avalanches result when persistent steady rainfall is followed by a sudden heavy downpour. Landsliding in unweathered bedrock is controlled locally by joint systems similar to those on the Colorado Plateau. In some places, outward gravitational movement of valley walls due to stress release has formed anticlines and caused thrusting in the center of valleys. \r\n\r\n In the Coast Ranges of California, slopes are steep, and rocks are varied and extensively deformed. One of the most slide-prone terrains of the Coast Ranges is the tectonic melange of the Franciscan assemblage, on which huge masses of debris are moving slowly downslope. In southern California, debris flows generated by soil slips are particularly damaging. Similar flows are common in poorly consolidated Tertiary rocks of the central part of the State. Like the debris avalanches of the Appalachian Highlands, the flows form during intense rainfall after previous steady rain.\r\n\r\n The Southern Rocky Mountains are complex in rock type and climate, so that the landslides there are also complex. Slides range from rock-falls at one extreme to slumps and debris flows at the other. They include ?sackungen,? which are distinguished by ridgetop grabens associated with uphill-facing scarps on ridge sides, both features of gravitational origin. Extensive regional joint patterns have not been recognized, and shallow soil slips are only a minor hazard.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1183","usgsCitation":"Radbruch-Hall, D.H., Colton, R.B., Davies, W.E., Lucchitta, I., Skipp, B.A., and Varnes, D., 1982, Landslide overview map of the conterminous United States (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1183, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1183.","productDescription":"25 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":506,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1183/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":373252,"rank":2,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr97289","text":"Open File Report 97-289","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"linkHelpText":"Digital compilation of landslide overview map of the conterminous United 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1982 - Occurrences of molybdenum minerals in Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":45908,"text":"ofr82798 - 1982 - Occurrences of molybdenum minerals in Alaska","indexId":"ofr82798","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"title":"Occurrences of molybdenum minerals in Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":61995,"text":"mr86 - 1984 - Map showing occurrences of molybdenum minerals in Alaska","indexId":"mr86","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Map showing occurrences of molybdenum minerals in Alaska"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":61995,"text":"mr86 - 1984 - Map showing occurrences of molybdenum minerals in Alaska","indexId":"mr86","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Map showing occurrences of molybdenum minerals in Alaska"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:59","indexId":"ofr82798","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-798","title":"Occurrences of molybdenum minerals in Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr82798","usgsCitation":"Cobb, E.H., 1982, Occurrences of molybdenum minerals in Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-798, 1 map ;79 x 115 cm. +1 text (9 p. 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr82798.","productDescription":"1 map ;79 x 115 cm. +1 text (9 p. 28 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":108440,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13830.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"13830"},{"id":135718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db692040","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cobb, Edward Huntington","contributorId":25916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cobb","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"Huntington","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":232266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":42486,"text":"ofr82418 - 1982 - Preliminary map of the mining districts of the Basin and Range area of Idaho","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":42486,"text":"ofr82418 - 1982 - Preliminary map of the mining districts of the Basin and Range area of Idaho","indexId":"ofr82418","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary map of the mining districts of the Basin and Range area of Idaho"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":42494,"text":"ofr83720 - 1983 - Preliminary map of the resource areas in the Basin and Range Province of Idaho","indexId":"ofr83720","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary map of the resource areas in the Basin and Range Province of Idaho"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":42494,"text":"ofr83720 - 1983 - Preliminary map of the resource areas in the Basin and Range Province of Idaho","indexId":"ofr83720","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary map of the resource areas in the Basin and Range Province of Idaho"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-25T19:50:22.308944","indexId":"ofr82418","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-418","title":"Preliminary map of the mining districts of the Basin and Range area of Idaho","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr82418","usgsCitation":"Wong, G., 1982, Preliminary map of the mining districts of the Basin and Range area of Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-418, 2 Plates: 29.34 x 34.46 inches and 42.66 x 21.93 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr82418.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 29.34 x 34.46 inches and 42.66 x 21.93 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":397638,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0418/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":397637,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0418/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":136568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0418/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":397222,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13721.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Basin and Range area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.82910156249999,\n 42.01665183556825\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 42.01665183556825\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 43.65197548731187\n ],\n [\n -114.82910156249999,\n 43.65197548731187\n ],\n [\n -114.82910156249999,\n 42.01665183556825\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db69696d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wong, George","contributorId":25543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":45889,"text":"ofr82306 - 1982 - Oblique map of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, Fresno and Tulare Counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:59","indexId":"ofr82306","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-306","title":"Oblique map of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, Fresno and Tulare Counties, California","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr82306","usgsCitation":"Alpha, T.R., 1982, Oblique map of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, Fresno and Tulare Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-306, 1 map ;76 x 122 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr82306.","productDescription":"1 map ;76 x 122 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":135924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":82903,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0306/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db6965a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alpha, Tau Rho","contributorId":63371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpha","given":"Tau","email":"","middleInitial":"Rho","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":232236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":40930,"text":"ofr82564 - 1982 - Potentiometric-surface map of water in the Fox Hills-Lower Hell Creek aquifer in the Northern Great Plains area of Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-29T19:42:04.292545","indexId":"ofr82564","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-564","title":"Potentiometric-surface map of water in the Fox Hills-Lower Hell Creek aquifer in the Northern Great Plains area of Montana","docAbstract":"The potentiometric surface of water in the Upper Cretaceous Fox Hills-lower Hell Creek aquifer is shown on a base map at a scale of 1:1,000,000. The map is one of a series produced as part of regional study of aquifers of Cenozoic and Mesozoic age in the northern Great Plains of Montana. The contour interval is 100 feet. The map shows that the direction of regional ground-water movement is toward the northeast. Recharge occurs on the flanks of the Black Hills uplift, the Cedar Creek anticline, the southwest part of the Bull Mountains basin, and on the out-crop areas. Discharge from the aquifer occurs along a short reach of the Yellowstone River. The average discharge from 335 wells is about 16 gallons per minute and the specific capacity of 185 wells averages 0.49 gallon per minute per foot of drawdown. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr82564","usgsCitation":"Levings, G., 1982, Potentiometric-surface map of water in the Fox Hills-Lower Hell Creek aquifer in the Northern Great Plains area of Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-564, 1 Plate: 42.07 × 26.32 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr82564.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 42.07 × 26.32 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":171437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":78821,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0564/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":405832,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_75642.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1000000","country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Fox Hills-Lower Hell Creek aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.1708984375,\n 45.69083283645816\n ],\n [\n -105.6005859375,\n 45.69083283645816\n ],\n [\n -105.6005859375,\n 48.99463598353405\n ],\n [\n -110.1708984375,\n 48.99463598353405\n ],\n [\n -110.1708984375,\n 45.69083283645816\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a3af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Levings, Gary W.","contributorId":106889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levings","given":"Gary W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":224196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5761,"text":"pp1220 - 1982 - Intrusive rocks of the Holden and Lucerne quadrangles, Washington— The relation of depth zones, composition, textures, and emplacement of plutons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-08T23:02:46.402317","indexId":"pp1220","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1220","title":"Intrusive rocks of the Holden and Lucerne quadrangles, Washington— The relation of depth zones, composition, textures, and emplacement of plutons","docAbstract":"The core of the northern Cascade Range in Washington consists of Precambrian and upper Paleozoic metamorphic rocks cut by numerous plutons, ranging in age from early Triassic to Miocene. The older plutons have been eroded to catazonal depths, whereas subvolcanic rocks are exposed in the youngest plutons. The Holden and Lucerne quadrangles span a -sizeable and representative part of this core. The oldest of the formations mapped in these quadrangles is the Swakane Biotite Gneiss, which was shown on the quadrangle maps as Cretaceous and older in age. The Swakane has yielded a middle Paleozoic metamorphic age, and also contains evidence of zircon inherited from some parent material more than 1,650 m.y. old. In this report, the Swakane is assigned an early Paleozoic or older age. It consists mostly of biotite gneiss, but interlayered with it are scattered layers and lenses of hornblende schist and gneiss, clinozoisite-epidote gneiss, and quartzite. Thickness of the Swakane is many thousands of meters, and the base is not exposed. The biotite gneiss is probably derived from a pile of siliceous volcanic rocks containing scattered sedimentary beds and basalt flows. Overlying the Swakane is a thick sequence of eugeosynclinal upper Paleozoic rocks metamorphosed to amphibolite grade. The sequence includes quartzite and thin layers of marble, hornblende schist and gneiss, graphitic schist, and smaller amounts of schist and gneiss of widely varying compositions. The layers have been tightly and complexly folded, and, in places, probably had been thrust over the overlying Swakane prior to metamorphism. Youngest of the supracrustal rocks in the area are shale, arkosic sandstone, and conglomerate of the Paleocene Swauk Formation. These rocks are preserved in the Chiwaukum graben, a major structural element of the region.
Of uncertain age, but possibly as old as any of the intrusive rocks in the area, are small masses of ultramafic rocks, now almost completely altered to serpentine. These occur either as included irregular masses in later intrusives or as tectonically emplaced lenses in metamorphic rocks. Also of uncertain age but probably much younger, perhaps as young as Eocene, are larger masses of hornblendite and hornblende periodotite that grade into hornblende gabbro. These are exposed on the surface and in the underground workings of the Holden mine. Oldest of the granitoid intrusives are the narrow, nearly concordant Dumbell Mountain plutons, having a radiometric age of about 220 m.y. They consist of gneissic hornblende-quartz diorite and quartz diorite gneiss. Most contacts consist of lit-par-lit zones, but some are gradational or more rarely sharp. The plutons are typically catazonal. Closely resembling the Dumbell Mountain plutons in outcrop appearance, but differing considerably in composition, are the Bearcat Ridge plutons. These consist of gneissic quartz diorite and granodiorite. The Bearcat Ridge plutons are not in contact with older dated plutons, but because their textural and structural characteristics so closely resemble those of the Dumbell Mountain plutons, they are considered to be the same age. Their composition, however, is suggestive of a much younger age. Cutting the Dumbell Mountain plutons is the Leroy Creek pluton, consisting of gneissic biotite-quartz diorite and trondjhemite. The gneissic foliation in the Leroy Creek is characterized by a strong and pervasive swirling. Cutting both the Dumbell Mountain and Leroy Creek plutons are the almost dikelike Seven-fingered Jack plutons. These range in composition from gabbro to quartz diorite; associated with them are contact complexes of highly varied rocks characterized by gabbro and coarse-grained hornblendite. Most of the rocks are gneissic, but some are massive and structureless.
Dikes, sills, small stocks, and irregular clots of leucocratic quartz diorite and granodiorite are abundant in the Swakane Biotite Gneiss and are locally abundant in the Seven-fingered Jack and other plutons. Although the leucocratic rocks vary little in appearance or composition, some, particularly those in the Swakane, were formed by metamorphic segregation, whereas the others are probably felsic differentiates of intrusive rocks.
The Tenpeak and White Mountain plutons are closely similar and are probably connected at depth. Rocks of the Tenpeak are more varied and range in composition from gabbro to granodiorite; quartz diorite is not only most common in the Tenpeak, but also constitutes, by far, the greatest bulk of the White Mountain pluton. Much of the rock in both plutons is somewhat gneissic, but some is nongneissic. The north end of the White Mountain pluton is bordered by a contact complex similar to those associated with the Seven-fingered Jack and other plutons in the area. Maximum potassium/argon ages determined on hornblende from the Tenpeak are about 90 m.y. Probably somewhat younger than the Tenpeak and White Mountain plutons is the Sulphur Mountain pluton. Only a small part of the pluton extends into the Holden quadrangle, and here the rocks are gneissic granodiorite.
The High Pass and Buck Creek plutons are tabular, somewhat silllike masses of granodioritic and quartz dioritic composition. Rocks in the Buck Creek pluton are entirely gneissic, whereas rocks only near the contacts or in the thinner parts of the High Pass are gneissic. In most places, the contacts of both plutons consist of lit-par-lit zones, but numerous dikes of the High Pass are present in the host rocks, especially the Sulphur Mountain pluton.
The Riddle Peaks pluton consists of layered and unlayered hornblende gabbro. Inasmuch as the pluton is cut on all sides by later intrusive rocks, its age relative to older plutons is not known, but it is almost certainly pre-Tertiary. Much of the gabbro is rhythmically layered, but some is unlayered or only vaguely layered. In places, thick sheets of unlayered gabbro alternate with equally thick sheets of rhythmically layered gabbro. The rock is mostly fresh and unaltered or recrystallized. No pseudosedimentary structures other than the gravity-stratified rhythmic layers were seen.
The Cardinal Peak pluton has a core consisting largely of granodiorite and quartz diorite and a rim of contact complexes containing large amounts of gabbro and coarse-grained hornblendite. The northern part of the intrusive is highly protoclastic throughout and contains numerous spindle- and canoe-shaped masses a third of a meter to several meters across and a few meters to several tens of meters long that are either partly or completely enveloped by rinds of fine-grained protoclastic material. These masses seem to have behaved as roller bearings during intrusion of the partly crystalline magma.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1220","usgsCitation":"Cater, F., 1982, Intrusive rocks of the Holden and Lucerne quadrangles, Washington— The relation of depth zones, composition, textures, and emplacement of plutons: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1220, vi, 108 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1220.","productDescription":"vi, 108 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1220/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32345,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1220/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":392664,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74463.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Holden and Lucerne quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -120.5,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -120.5,\n 48.25\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 48.25\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 48\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49bee4b07f02db5d1227","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cater, Fred W.","contributorId":26295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cater","given":"Fred W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":40705,"text":"ofr8294 - 1982 - Dissolved-solids concentration in water from the upper permeable zone of the Tertiary limestone aquifer system, southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-08T18:17:45.656866","indexId":"ofr8294","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-94","title":"Dissolved-solids concentration in water from the upper permeable zone of the Tertiary limestone aquifer system, southeastern United States","docAbstract":"The Tertiary limestone aquifer system of the southeastern United States is a thick sequence of carbonate rocks that range from Paleocene to Miocene in age and are hydraulically connected in varying degrees. The upper permeable zone of the aquifer system consists of the Tampa, Suwannee, Ocala, and Avon Park Limestones. Based on analyses of water samples from 591 selected wells, a map is presented which shows dissolved-solids concentration in ranges of 0-250, 251-500, 501-1,000, and greater than 1,000 mg/. Dissolved-solids concentrations and hydrochemical facies developed within the aquifer system are related to the predevelopment and modern-day ground-water flow system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr8294","usgsCitation":"Sprinkle, C.L., 1982, Dissolved-solids concentration in water from the upper permeable zone of the Tertiary limestone aquifer system, southeastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-94, 1 Plate: 33.95 x 43.95 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8294.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 33.95 x 43.95 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":396861,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0094/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":171543,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0094/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.44140625,\n 26.391869671769022\n ],\n [\n -81.298828125,\n 24.966140159912975\n ],\n [\n -80.68359375,\n 24.44714958973082\n ],\n [\n -79.4970703125,\n 25.12539261151203\n ],\n [\n -80.85937499999999,\n 32.43561304116276\n ],\n [\n -84.0673828125,\n 31.653381399664\n ],\n [\n -87.4951171875,\n 31.27855085894653\n ],\n [\n -82.44140625,\n 26.391869671769022\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a206","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sprinkle, Craig L.","contributorId":41802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprinkle","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":40604,"text":"wri811103 - 1982 - Chloride Concentration in Water from the Upper Permeable Zone of the Tertiary Limestone Aquifer System, Southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:10","indexId":"wri811103","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1103","title":"Chloride Concentration in Water from the Upper Permeable Zone of the Tertiary Limestone Aquifer System, Southeastern United States","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nThe tertiary limestone aquifer system of the southeastern United States is a sequence of carbonate rocks referred to as the Floridan aquifer in Florida and the principal artesian aquifer in Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina. More than 3 billion gallons of water are pumped daily from the limestone aquifer; and the system is the principal source of municipal, industrial, and agricultural water supply in south Georgia and most of Florida.\r\n\r\nThe aquifer system includes units of Paleocene to early Miocene age that combine to form a continuous carbonate sequence that is hydraulically connected in varying degrees. In a small area near Brunswick, Ga., a thin sequence of rocks of Late Cretaceous age is part of the system. In and directly downdip from much of the outcrop area, the system consists of one continuous permeable unit. Further downdip the aquifer system generally consists of two major permeable zones separated by a less-permeable unit of highly variable hydraulic properties (very leaky to virtually nonleaky). Conditions for the system vary from unconfined to confined depending upon whether the argillaceous Miocene and younger rocks that form the upper confining unit have been removed by erosion.\r\n\r\nThis report is one of a series of preliminary products depicting the hydrogeologic framework, water chemistry, and hydrology of the aquifer system. The map shows the distribution of chloride ions in water from the upper permeable zone of the limestone aquifer system. The upper permeable zone consists of several formations, primarily the Tampa, Suwannee, Ocala, and Avon Park Limestones (Miller 1981a, b).\r\n\r\nChloride concentrations of water within the upper permeable zone vary from nearly zero in recharge areas to many thousands of milligrams per liter (mg/L) in coastal discharge areas. Where the aquifer system discharges into the sea, the upper permeable zone contains increasing amounts of seawater. In these areas, wells that fully penetrate the upper permeable zone will yield water with chloride concentrations that approach that of seawater, about 19500 mg/L.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri811103","usgsCitation":"Sprinkle, C.L., 1982, Chloride Concentration in Water from the Upper Permeable Zone of the Tertiary Limestone Aquifer System, Southeastern United States (WRI/OFR 81-1103): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-1103, Map: 35 x 44 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri811103.","productDescription":"Map: 35 x 44 inches","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":173490,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1103/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":91349,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1103/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89,24 ], [ -89,34 ], [ -80,34 ], [ -80,24 ], [ -89,24 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"WRI/OFR 81-1103","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e2616","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sprinkle, Craig L.","contributorId":41802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprinkle","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":7816,"text":"ofr82717 - 1982 - Net flow of near-bottom waters on the inner Beaufort Sea Shelf as determined from seabed drifters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:08","indexId":"ofr82717","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-717","title":"Net flow of near-bottom waters on the inner Beaufort Sea Shelf as determined from seabed drifters","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr82717","usgsCitation":"Barnes, P.W., and Reimnitz, E., 1982, Net flow of near-bottom waters on the inner Beaufort Sea Shelf as determined from seabed drifters: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-717, 10 p., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr82717.","productDescription":"10 p., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":140950,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0717/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":35313,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0717/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697b6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, P. W.","contributorId":8819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reimnitz, Erk","contributorId":17963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimnitz","given":"Erk","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}