The 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act directs the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to conduct a national assessment of potential geologic storage resources for carbon dioxide (CO2). The methodology used by the USGS for the national CO2 assessment follows that of previous USGS work. This methodology is non-economic and is intended to be used at regional to sub-basinal scales.
\nThe Williston Basin of North Dakota, South Dakota, and Montana, along with the Central Montana Basins and Montana Thrust Belt study areas are adjacent and share similar geologic units. In general, the Williston Basin study area is a wide sedimentary basin, whereas the Central Montana Basins study area contains sedimentary rocks along topographic highs and flat plains, and the Montana Thrust Belt study area is more structurally complex.
\nThis report identifies and contains geologic descriptions of nine storage assessment units (SAUs) in Cambrian to Upper Cretaceous sedimentary rocks within the Williston Basin study area. The Central Montana Basins and Montana Thrust Belt study areas were also investigated for this report. Nevertheless, no SAUs in these study areas were assessed because they contained potential sources of underground drinking water; although sufficient geologic data were available, and suitable storage formations meeting our size, depth, reservoir quality, and regional seal guidelines were found. Ultimately, the report focuses on the characteristics, specified in the methodology, that influence the potential CO2 storage resource in the SAUs. Specific descriptions of the SAU boundaries as well as their sealing and reservoir units are included. Properties for each SAU, such as depth to top, gross thickness, porosity, permeability, groundwater quality, and structural reservoir traps, are usually provided to illustrate geologic factors critical to the assessment. The geologic information herein was employed, as specified in the USGS methodology, to calculate a probabilistic distribution of potential storage resources in each SAU with these assessment outputs contained in a companion results report.
\nFigures in this report show the study area boundaries along with the SAU extent and cell maps of well penetrations through sealing units into the top of the storage formations. The USGS does not necessarily know the location of all wells and cannot guarantee the full extent of drilling through specific formations in any given cell shown on the cell maps.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121024J","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Buursink, M.L., Merrill, M., Craddock, W.H., Roberts-Ashby, T.L., Brennan, S.T., Blondes, M., Freeman, P., Cahan, S.M., DeVera, C.A., and Lohr, C., 2014, Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Williston Basin, Central Montana Basins, and Montana Thrust Belt study areas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1024, Report: vii, 40 p.; 2 Companion Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121024J.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 40 p.; 2 Companion Files","numberOfPages":"47","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-053459","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central 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mcorum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9038-3935","contributorId":2249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corum","given":"M.D.","email":"mcorum@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522878,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Buursink, Marc L. 0000-0001-6491-386X mbuursink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6491-386X","contributorId":3362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buursink","given":"Marc","email":"mbuursink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Merrill, Matthew D. 0000-0003-3766-847X 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troberts-ashby@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2940-1740","contributorId":2177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts-Ashby","given":"Tina","email":"troberts-ashby@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brennan, Sean T. 0000-0002-7102-9359 sbrennan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7102-9359","contributorId":559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brennan","given":"Sean","email":"sbrennan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Blondes, Madalyn S. 0000-0003-0320-0107 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scahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4776-3668","contributorId":4529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahan","given":"Steven","email":"scahan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"DeVera, Christina A. 0000-0002-4691-6108 cdevera@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4691-6108","contributorId":3845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeVera","given":"Christina","email":"cdevera@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lohr, Celeste D. 0000-0001-6287-9047 clohr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-9047","contributorId":3866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohr","given":"Celeste D.","email":"clohr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70122361,"text":"sir20145166 - 2014 - Groundwater-flow and land-subsidence model of Antelope Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-31T15:21:38","indexId":"sir20145166","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-31T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5166","title":"Groundwater-flow and land-subsidence model of Antelope Valley, California","docAbstract":"Antelope Valley, California, is a topographically closed basin in the western part of the Mojave Desert, about 50 miles northeast of Los Angeles. The Antelope Valley groundwater basin is about 940 square miles and is separated from the northern part of Antelope Valley by faults and low-lying hills. Prior to 1972, groundwater provided more than 90 percent of the total water supply in the valley; since 1972, it has provided between 50 and 90 percent. Most groundwater pumping in the valley occurs in the Antelope Valley groundwater basin, which includes the rapidly growing cities of Lancaster and Palmdale. Groundwater-level declines of more than 270 feet in some parts of the groundwater basin have resulted in an increase in pumping lifts, reduced well efficiency, and land subsidence of more than 6 feet in some areas. Future urban growth and limits on the supply of imported water may increase reliance on groundwater.
\n\n
In 2011, the Los Angeles County Superior Court of California ruled that the Antelope Valley groundwater basin is in overdraft—groundwater extractions are in excess of the Court-defined safe yield of the groundwater basin. The Court determined that the safe yield of the adjudicated area of the basin was 110,000 acre-feet per year (acre-ft/yr). Natural recharge is an important component of total groundwater recharge in Antelope Valley; however, the exact quantity and distribution of natural recharge, primarily in the form of mountain-front recharge, is uncertain, with total estimates ranging from 30,000 to 160,000 acre-ft/yr. Technical experts, retained by parties to the adjudication, used 60,000 acre-ft/yr to estimate the sustainable yield of the basin, and this value was used in this study. In order to better understand the uncertainty associated with natural recharge and to provide a tool to aid in groundwater management, a numerical model of groundwater flow and land subsidence in the Antelope Valley groundwater basin was developed using old and new geohydrologic information.
\n\n
The groundwater-flow system consists of three aquifers: the upper, middle, and lower aquifers. The three aquifers, which were identified on the basis of the hydrologic properties, age, and depth of the unconsolidated deposits, consist of gravel, sand, silt, and clay alluvial deposits and clay and silty clay lacustrine deposits. Prior to groundwater development in the valley, recharge was primarily the infiltration of runoff from the surrounding mountains. Groundwater flowed from the recharge areas to discharge areas around the playas where it discharged from the aquifer system as either evapotranspiration or from springs. Partial barriers to horizontal groundwater flow, such as faults, have been identified in the groundwater basin. Water-level declines owing to groundwater development have eliminated the natural sources of discharge, and pumping for agricultural and urban uses have become the primary source of discharge from the groundwater system. Infiltration of return flow from agricultural irrigation has become an important source of recharge to the aquifer system.
\n\n
The groundwater-flow model of the basin was discretized horizontally into a grid of 130 rows and 118 columns of square cells 1 kilometer (0.621 mile) on a side, and vertically into four layers representing the upper (two layers), middle (one layer), and lower (one layer) aquifers. Faults that were thought to act as horizontal-flow barriers were simulated in the model. The model was calibrated to simulate steady-state conditions, represented by 1915 water levels and transient-state conditions during 1915–95, by using water-level and subsidence data. Initial estimates of the aquifer-system properties and stresses were obtained from a previously published numerical model of the Antelope Valley groundwater basin; estimates also were obtained from recently collected hydrologic data and from results of simulations of groundwater-flow and land-subsidence models of the Edwards Air Force Base area. Some of these initial estimates were modified during model calibration. Groundwater pumpage for agriculture was estimated on the basis of irrigated crop acreage and crop consumptive-use data. Pumpage for public supply, which is metered, was compiled and entered into a database used for this study. Estimated annual agricultural pumpage peaked at 395,000 acre-feet (acre-ft) in 1951 and then declined because of declining agricultural production. Recharge from irrigation return flows was assumed to be 30 percent of agricultural pumpage; delays associated with return flow moving through the unsaturated zone were also simulated. The annual quantity of mountain-front recharge initially was based on estimates from previous studies. The model was calibrated using the PEST software suite; prior information from the area was incorporated through the use of Tikhonov regularization. During model calibration, the estimated mountain-front recharge was reduced from the previous estimate of 30,300 acre-ft/yr to 29,150 acre-ft/yr.
\n\n
Results of the simulations using the calibrated model indicate that simulated groundwater pumpage exceeded recharge in most years, resulting in an estimated cumulative depletion in groundwater storage of 8,700,000 acre-ft during the transient-simulation period (1915–2005). About 15,000,000 acre-ft of cumulative groundwater pumpage was simulated during the transient-simulation period (1915–2005), reaching a maximum rate of about 400,000 acre-ft/yr in 1951. Groundwater pumpage resulted in simulated hydraulic heads declining by more than 150 feet (ft) compared to 1915 conditions in agricultural areas. The decline in hydraulic head in the groundwater basin is the result of this depletion of groundwater storage. In turn, the simulated decline in hydraulic head in the groundwater basin has resulted in the decrease in natural discharge from the basin and has caused compaction of aquitards, resulting in land subsidence. The areal distribution of total simulated land subsidence for 2005, after about 90 years of groundwater development, indicates that land subsidence occurred throughout almost the entire Lancaster subbasin, with a maximum of about 9.4 ft in the central and eastern parts of the subbasin.
\n\n
An important objective of this study was to systematically address the uncertainty in estimates of natural recharge and related aquifer parameters by using the groundwater-flow and land-subsidence model with observational data and expert knowledge. After the model was calibrated to the observations and a reasonable parameter set obtained, the parameter null space—parameter values that do not appreciably affect the model calibration but may have importance for prediction—was identified. The effect of parameter uncertainty on the estimation of mountain-front recharge was addressed using the Null-Space Monte Carlo method. The Pareto trade-off method of visualizing uncertainty was also used to portray the reasonableness of larger natural-recharge rates. Results indicate that the total mountain-front recharge likely ranges between 28,000 and 44,000 acre-ft/yr, which is appreciably less than published estimates of 60,000 acre-ft/yr. Additionally, expected errors associated with agricultural pumpage estimates used in this study were found to have relatively little effect on the estimates of mountain-front recharge, reflecting the difficulty in increasing recharge through manipulation of other components of the water budget.
\n\n
The calibrated model was used to simulate the response of the aquifer to potential future pumping scenarios: (1) no change in the distribution of pumpage, or status quo; (2) redistribution of pumpage; and (3) artificial recharge. All three of these scenarios specify a total pumpage throughout the Antelope Valley of 110,000 acre-ft/yr according to the safe yield value ruled by the Los Angeles County Superior Court of California. This reduction in groundwater pumpage is assumed uniform throughout the basin, based on a 10-percent reduction of the total pumpage in 2005 to achieve the 110,000 acre-ft/yr level. The calibrated Antelope Valley groundwater-flow and land-subsidence model was used to simulate the hydrologic effects of the three groundwater-management scenarios during a 50-year period by using the reduced, temporally constant, pumpage distribution.
\n\n
Results from the first scenario indicated that the total drawdown observed since predevelopment would continue, with values exceeding 325 ft near Palmdale; consequently, land subsidence would also continue, with additional subsidence (since 2005) exceeding 3 ft in the central part of the Lancaster subbasin. The second scenario evaluated redistributing pumpage from areas in the Lancaster subbasin where simulated hydraulic-head declines were the greatest to areas where declines were smallest. Neither a formal optimization algorithm nor water-rights allocations were considered when redistributing the pumpage. Results indicated that hydraulic heads near Palmdale, where the pumpage was reduced, would recover by about 200 ft compared to 2005 conditions, with only 30 ft of additional drawdown in the northwestern part of the Lancaster subbasin, where the pumpage was increased. The magnitude of the simulated additional land subsidence decreased slightly compared to the first, status quo, scenario but land subsidence continued to be simulated throughout most of the northern part of the Lancaster subbasin. The third scenario consisted of two artificial-recharge simulations along the Upper Amargosa Creek channel and at a site located north of Antelope Buttes. Results indicate that applying artificial recharge at these sites would yield continued drawdowns and associated land subsidence. However, the magnitudes of drawdown and subsidence would be smaller than those simulated in the status quo scenario, indicating that artificial-recharge operations in the Antelope Valley could be expected to reduce the magnitude and extent of continued water-level declines and associated land subsidence.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145166","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Los Angeles County Department of Public Works, Antelope Valley-East Kern Water Agency, Palmdale Water District, and Edwards Air Force Base","usgsCitation":"Siade, A.J., Nishikawa, T., Rewis, D.L., Martin, P., and Phillips, S.P., 2014, Groundwater-flow and land-subsidence model of Antelope Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5166, Report: xiv, 138 p.; 5 Appendix Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145166.","productDescription":"Report: xiv, 138 p.; 5 Appendix Tables","numberOfPages":"154","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-023623","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295810,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145166.jpg"},{"id":295798,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5166/pdf/sir2014-5166.pdf","size":"13.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":295799,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5166/downloads/sir2014-5166_appendix_2_table_1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2 Table 1","size":"1.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":295800,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5166/downloads/sir2014-5166_appendix_3_table_1_and_2.xlsx","text":"Appendix 3 Tables 1 and 2","size":"259 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":295801,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5166/downloads/sir2014-5166_appendix_4_table_1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 4 Table 1","size":"222 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":295802,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5166/downloads/sir2014-5166_appendix_7_table_1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 7 Table 1","size":"238 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":295803,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5166/downloads/sir2014-5166_appendixtables.xlsx","text":"Appendix Tables","size":"1.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":295777,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5166/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Antelope Valley","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5454968ee4b0dc7793747c72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Siade, Adam J. asiade@usgs.gov","contributorId":1533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siade","given":"Adam","email":"asiade@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nishikawa, Tracy 0000-0002-7348-3838 tnish@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7348-3838","contributorId":1515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishikawa","given":"Tracy","email":"tnish@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rewis, Diane L. dlrewis@usgs.gov","contributorId":1511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rewis","given":"Diane","email":"dlrewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, Peter pmmartin@usgs.gov","contributorId":799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Peter","email":"pmmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Phillips, Steven P. 0000-0002-5107-868X sphillip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5107-868X","contributorId":1506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Steven","email":"sphillip@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70148350,"text":"70148350 - 2014 - Optimally managing water resources in large river basins for an uncertain future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-29T11:16:24","indexId":"70148350","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Optimally managing water resources in large river basins for an uncertain future","docAbstract":"Managers of large river basins face conflicting needs for water resources such as wildlife habitat, water supply, wastewater assimilative capacity, flood control, hydroelectricity, and recreation. The Savannah River Basin for example, has experienced three major droughts since 2000 that resulted in record low water levels in its reservoirs, impacting local economies for years. The Savannah River Basin’s coastal area contains municipal water intakes and the ecologically sensitive freshwater tidal marshes of the Savannah National Wildlife Refuge. The Port of Savannah is the fourth busiest in the United States, and modifications to the harbor have caused saltwater to migrate upstream, reducing the freshwater marsh’s acreage more than 50 percent since the 1970s. There is a planned deepening of the harbor that includes flow-alteration features to minimize further migration of salinity. The effectiveness of the flow-alteration features will only be known after they are constructed.
\nOne of the challenges of basin management is the optimization of water use through ongoing regional economic development, droughts, and climate change. This paper describes a model of the Savannah River Basin designed to continuously optimize regulated flow to meet prioritized objectives set by resource managers and stakeholders. The model was developed from historical data by using machine learning, making it more accurate and adaptable to changing conditions than traditional models. The model is coupled to an optimization routine that computes the daily flow needed to most efficiently meet the water-resource management objectives. The model and optimization routine are packaged in a decision support system that makes it easy for managers and stakeholders to use. Simulation results show that flow can be regulated to substantially reduce salinity intrusions in the Savannah National Wildlife Refuge while conserving more water in the reservoirs. A method for using the model to assess the effectiveness of the flow-alteration features after the deepening also is demonstrated.
","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2014 South Carolina Water Resources Conference","conferenceTitle":"2014 South Carolina Water Resources Conference","conferenceDate":"October 15-16, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Columbia, SC","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Roehl, E.A., and Conrads, P., 2014, Optimally managing water resources in large river basins for an uncertain future, in Proceedings of the 2014 South Carolina Water Resources Conference, Columbia, SC, October 15-16, 2014, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065989","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300919,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":300918,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/scwrc/2014/2014policy/3/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"lower Savannah River, Savannah National Wildlife Refuge, Savannah River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.90057373046875,\n 32.0383483283312\n ],\n [\n -80.9033203125,\n 32.02146689475617\n ],\n [\n -81.02005004882812,\n 32.088392208449804\n ],\n [\n -81.05369567871094,\n 32.07850198496867\n ],\n [\n -81.07635498046875,\n 32.07850198496867\n ],\n [\n -81.12579345703125,\n 32.10758782193262\n ],\n [\n -81.15669250488281,\n 32.156431175120495\n ],\n [\n -81.15669250488281,\n 32.22151494505975\n ],\n [\n -81.18175506591797,\n 32.25491040237429\n ],\n [\n -81.13849639892578,\n 32.33123819794542\n ],\n [\n -81.11858367919922,\n 32.32427558887655\n ],\n [\n -81.11858367919922,\n 32.28568142693891\n ],\n [\n -81.14433288574219,\n 32.21919132617101\n ],\n [\n -81.11686706542967,\n 32.19537080888963\n ],\n [\n -81.1117172241211,\n 32.149455154523984\n ],\n [\n -81.07086181640625,\n 32.09799051942507\n ],\n [\n -81.00288391113281,\n 32.103225536729\n ],\n [\n -80.90057373046875,\n 32.0383483283312\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55698dede4b0d9246a9f64af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roehl, Edwin A. Jr.","contributorId":108083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roehl","given":"Edwin","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70129749,"text":"ds889 - 2014 - Maps and geospatial data for the Shorty’s Island and Myrtle Bend substrate enhancement pilot projects, Kootenai River near Bonners Ferry, Idaho, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-06T09:11:11","indexId":"ds889","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-30T08:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"889","title":"Maps and geospatial data for the Shorty’s Island and Myrtle Bend substrate enhancement pilot projects, Kootenai River near Bonners Ferry, Idaho, 2014","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Fish and Game, conducted a study to characterize the physical habitat occupied by Kootenai River white sturgeon during spawning and early-life phases. The objective was to gain a better understanding of spawning behavior, site selection, and type of habitat used during egg incubation in two sub-reaches of the Kootenai River. Habitat characterizations generated by this study will assist in the design of a substrate enhancement pilot project.
\n\n
This report presents the methods used to develop georeferenced portable document format maps and geospatial data that describe spawning locations and physical habitat characteristics (including egg mat locations, bathymetry, surficial sediment facies, and streamflow velocity) within the substrate enhancement pilot project study area. The results are presented as two maps illustrating the physical habitat characteristics along with proposed habitat enhancement areas, aerial imagery, and hydrography. The results of this study will assist researchers, policy makers, and management agencies in deciding the spatial location and extent of the substrate enhancement pilot project.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds889","issn":"2327-638X","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Fish and Game","usgsCitation":"Fosness, R.L., 2014, Maps and geospatial data for the Shorty’s Island and Myrtle Bend substrate enhancement pilot projects, Kootenai River near Bonners Ferry, Idaho, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 889, Report: iv, 9 p.; 2 Plates: 22.75 x 29.0 inches; GIS Datasets, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds889.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 9 p.; 2 Plates: 22.75 x 29.0 inches; GIS Datasets","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-056774","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295796,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds889.PNG"},{"id":295756,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0889/"},{"id":295763,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0889/ds889_gis.html"},{"id":295764,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0889/pdf/ds889.pdf","size":"565 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":295759,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0889/downloads/ds889_plate1.pdf","size":"19.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":295760,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0889/downloads/ds889_plate2.pdf","size":"16.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"1500","projection":"Transverse Mercator","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Kootenai River, Myrtle Bend, Shorty's Island","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5454a49ae4b0dc7793747c82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fosness, Ryan L. 0000-0003-4089-2704 rfosness@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4089-2704","contributorId":2703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fosness","given":"Ryan","email":"rfosness@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70114625,"text":"ds865 - 2014 - Groundwater-quality data in the North San Francisco Bay Shallow Aquifer study unit, 2012: results from the California GAMA Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-07T09:59:51","indexId":"ds865","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-30T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"865","title":"Groundwater-quality data in the North San Francisco Bay Shallow Aquifer study unit, 2012: results from the California GAMA Program","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality in the 1,850-square-mile North San Francisco Bay Shallow Aquifer (NSF-SA) study unit was investigated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from April to August 2012, as part of the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program’s Priority Basin Project (PBP). The GAMA-PBP was developed in response to the California Groundwater Quality Monitoring Act of 2001 and is being conducted in collaboration with the SWRCB and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The NSF-SA study unit was the first study unit to be sampled as part of the second phase of the GAMA-PBP, which focuses on the shallow aquifer system.
\n\n
The GAMA NSF-SA study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of untreated-groundwater quality in the shallow aquifer systems and to facilitate statistically consistent comparisons of untreated-groundwater quality throughout California. The shallow aquifer system in the NSF-SA study unit was defined as the part of the aquifer system that is used by many private domestic wells and is shallower than the primary aquifer system used by many public-supply wells.
\n\n
In the NSF-SA study unit located in Marin, Mendocino, Napa, Solano, and Sonoma Counties, groundwater samples were collected from 71 wells. Seventy of the wells were selected by using a spatially distributed, randomized grid-based method to provide statistical representation of the study unit (grid wells), and one well was selected to aid in evaluation of water-quality issues (understanding well).
\n\n
The groundwater samples were analyzed for organic constituents (volatile organic compounds [VOCs], pesticides, and pesticide degradates); constituents of special interest (perchlorate and 1,2,3-trichloropropane [1,2,3-TCP]); naturally occurring inorganic constituents (trace elements, nutrients, major and minor ions, silica, and total dissolved solids [TDS]); and radioactive constituents (radon-222 and gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity). Naturally occurring isotopes (stable isotopes of hydrogen, oxygen, boron, strontium, and inorganic carbon in water, tritium activities, and carbon-14 abundances) were measured to help identify the sources and ages of the sampled groundwater. In total, 207 constituents and water-quality indicators were measured.
\n\n
Three types of quality-control samples (blanks, replicates, and matrix spikes) were collected at up to 13 percent of the wells in the NSF-SA study unit, and the results for these samples were used to evaluate the quality of the data for the groundwater samples. Blanks rarely contained detectable concentrations of any constituent, suggesting that contamination from sample-collection procedures was not a significant source of bias in the data for the groundwater samples. Replicate samples generally were within the limits of acceptable analytical reproducibility. Matrix-spike recoveries were within the acceptable range (70 to 130 percent) for approximately 91 percent of the compounds.
\n\n
Most of the wells sampled for this study were private domestic wells. Private domestic wells are not regulated in California, and groundwater from these wells is rarely analyzed for water-quality constituents. Although regulatory benchmarks for drinking-water quality do not apply to private domestic wells, to provide some context for the results, concentrations of constituents measured in the untreated groundwater were compared with regulatory and non-regulatory health-based benchmarks established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and California Department of Public Health (CDPH), to non-regulatory health-based benchmarks established by the USGS in cooperation with the USEPA, and to non-regulatory benchmarks established for aesthetic concerns by the CDPH. Comparisons between data collected for this study and benchmarks for drinking water are for illustrative purposes only and are not indicative of compliance or non-compliance with those benchmarks. Most of the organic and inorganic constituents that were detected in groundwater samples from the 70 grid wells in the NSF-SA study unit were detected at concentrations less than drinking-water benchmarks.
\n\n
Of the 149 organic and special-interest constituents analyzed for in groundwater samples, 31 were detected; concentrations of most detected constituents were less than regulatory and non-regulatory health-based benchmarks. One VOC, benzene, and one insecticide, dieldrin, were detected at concentrations above their respective health-based benchmarks. In total, VOCs were detected in 40 percent of the grid wells sampled, pesticides and pesticide degradates were detected in 13 percent, and perchlorate was detected in 27 percent of the 70 grid wells sampled.
\n\n
Groundwater samples from 70 grid wells were analyzed for trace elements, major and minor ions, nutrients, and radioactive constituents; most detected concentrations were less than health-based benchmarks. Exceptions are 12 detections of manganese greater than the USGS Health-Based Screening Level (HBSL), 7 detections of arsenic greater than the USEPA maximum contaminant level (MCL-US) of 10 micrograms per liter (μg/L), 2 detections of boron greater than the HBSL of 6,000 μg/L, 2 detections of fluoride greater than the CDPH maximum contaminant level (MCL-CA) of 2 milligrams per liter (mg/L), 2 detections of nitrate greater than the MCL-US of 10 mg/L, and two detections of radon-222 greater than the proposed MCL-US of 4,000 picocuries per liter.
\n\n
Results for constituents with non-regulatory benchmarks set for aesthetic concerns from the grid wells showed that iron concentrations greater than the CDPH secondary maximum contaminant level (SMCL-CA) of 300 μg/L were detected in 13 grid wells. Chloride was detected at a concentration greater than the SMCL-CA recommended benchmark of 250 mg/L in two grid wells. Sulfate concentrations greater than the SMCL-CA recommended benchmark of 250 mg/L were measured in two grid wells, and the concentration in one of these wells was also greater than the SMCL-CA upper benchmark of 500 mg/L. TDS concentrations greater than the SMCL-CA recommended benchmark of 500 mg/L were measured in 15 grid wells, and concentrations in 4 of these wells were also greater than the SMCL-CA upper benchmark of 1,000 mg/L.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds865","collaboration":"A product of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board.","usgsCitation":"Bennett, G.L., and Fram, M.S., 2014, Groundwater-quality data in the North San Francisco Bay Shallow Aquifer study unit, 2012: results from the California GAMA Program: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 865, x, 94 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds865.","productDescription":"x, 94 p.","numberOfPages":"108","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-050639","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295916,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds865.jpg"},{"id":295765,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0865/pdf/ds865.pdf","size":"4.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":295758,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0865/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay Shallow Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.04687499999999,\n 38.18638677411551\n ],\n [\n -122.464599609375,\n 37.97018468810549\n ],\n [\n -121.95922851562501,\n 38.03078569382294\n ],\n [\n -122.03613281249999,\n 38.35888785866677\n ],\n [\n -122.51953124999999,\n 38.79690830348427\n ],\n [\n -122.947998046875,\n 38.93377552819722\n ],\n [\n -123.23364257812499,\n 38.762650338334154\n ],\n [\n -123.277587890625,\n 38.39333888832238\n ],\n [\n -123.04687499999999,\n 38.18638677411551\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"545c9bb5e4b0ba8303f709ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, George L. V 0000-0002-6239-1604 georbenn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-1604","contributorId":1373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"George","suffix":"V","email":"georbenn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70131481,"text":"70131481 - 2014 - Dual-domain mass-transfer parameters from electrical hysteresis: Theory and analytical approach applied to laboratory, synthetic streambed, and groundwater experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-05T11:58:18.201575","indexId":"70131481","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dual-domain mass-transfer parameters from electrical hysteresis: Theory and analytical approach applied to laboratory, synthetic streambed, and groundwater experiments","docAbstract":"Models of dual‐domain mass transfer (DDMT) are used to explain anomalous aquifer transport behavior such as the slow release of contamination and solute tracer tailing. Traditional tracer experiments to characterize DDMT are performed at the flow path scale (meters), which inherently incorporates heterogeneous exchange processes; hence, estimated “effective” parameters are sensitive to experimental design (i.e., duration and injection velocity). Recently, electrical geophysical methods have been used to aid in the inference of DDMT parameters because, unlike traditional fluid sampling, electrical methods can directly sense less‐mobile solute dynamics and can target specific points along subsurface flow paths. Here we propose an analytical framework for graphical parameter inference based on a simple petrophysical model explaining the hysteretic relation between measurements of bulk and fluid conductivity arising in the presence of DDMT at the local scale. Analysis is graphical and involves visual inspection of hysteresis patterns to (1) determine the size of paired mobile and less‐mobile porosities and (2) identify the exchange rate coefficient through simple curve fitting. We demonstrate the approach using laboratory column experimental data, synthetic streambed experimental data, and field tracer‐test data. Results from the analytical approach compare favorably with results from calibration of numerical models and also independent measurements of mobile and less‐mobile porosity. We show that localized electrical hysteresis patterns resulting from diffusive exchange are independent of injection velocity, indicating that repeatable parameters can be extracted under varied experimental designs, and these parameters represent the true intrinsic properties of specific volumes of porous media of aquifers and hyporheic zones.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2014WR015880","usgsCitation":"Briggs, M.A., Day-Lewis, F.D., Ong, J.B., Harvey, J.W., and Lane, J.W., 2014, Dual-domain mass-transfer parameters from electrical hysteresis: Theory and analytical approach applied to laboratory, synthetic streambed, and groundwater experiments: Water Resources Research, v. 50, no. 10, p. 8281-8299, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015880.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"8281","endPage":"8299","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059884","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472679,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014wr015880","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296079,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5465d632e4b04d4b7dbd65c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Briggs, Martin A. 0000-0003-3206-4132 mbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-4132","contributorId":4114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Martin","email":"mbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":521236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":521237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ong, John B. jbong@usgs.gov","contributorId":5190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ong","given":"John","email":"jbong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":521238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":521239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. jwlane@usgs.gov","contributorId":1738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":521240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70148017,"text":"70148017 - 2014 - Lessons from the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill: A biological perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-14T13:24:59","indexId":"70148017","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Lessons from the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill: A biological perspective","docAbstract":"On March 24, 1989, the tanker vessel Exxon Valdez altered its course to avoid floating ice, and ran aground on Bligh Reef in northeastern Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska (Figure 1). The tanker was carrying about 53 million gallons of Prudhoe Bay crude, a heavy oil, and an estimated 11 million gallons spilled (264,000 barrels or about 42 million liters) in what was, prior to the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) spill of 2010, the largest accidental release of oil into U.S. waters (Morris and Loughlin 1994; Spies et al. 1996; Shigenaka 2014). Following the Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS), a broad range of studies was implemented and 25 years later, monitoring and research efforts to understand the long-term impacts of the spill continue, although now at a lesser intensity. The Exxon Valdez and DWH spills differed in many ways (Plater 2010; Atlas and Hazen 2011; Sylves and Comfort 2012), but there are also similarities, and lessons from the EVOS experience may offer valuable insights as research efforts proceed in the wake of the DWH spill. Here we provide an overview of the EVOS, summarize key findings from several long-term biological research programs, and conclude with some considerations of lessons learned after two and a half decades of study.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Impacts of Oil Spill Disasters on Marine Habitats and Fisheries in North America","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","usgsCitation":"Ballachey, B.E., Bodkin, J.L., Esler, D., and Rice, S.D., 2014, Lessons from the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill: A biological perspective, chap. of Impacts of Oil Spill Disasters on Marine Habitats and Fisheries in North America, p. 181-197.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"197","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056328","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310693,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":354115,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781466557215/chapters/10.1201%2Fb17633-12"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150.40283203125,\n 61.33353967329142\n ],\n [\n -146.513671875,\n 59.94400716933027\n ],\n [\n -155.21484375,\n 55.29162848682989\n ],\n [\n -157.74169921875,\n 55.71473455012692\n ],\n [\n -158.92822265624997,\n 56.668302075770036\n ],\n [\n -158.8623046875,\n 56.9569571133683\n ],\n [\n -155.01708984375,\n 59.16466752496466\n ],\n [\n -150.6884765625,\n 61.37567331572747\n ],\n [\n -150.40283203125,\n 61.33353967329142\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5630a03de4b093cee7820410","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rice, Stanley D.","contributorId":38484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70123235,"text":"ofr20141185 - 2014 - Water-quality modeling of Klamath Straits Drain recirculation, a Klamath River wetland, and 2011 conditions for the Link River to Keno Dam reach of the Klamath River, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-24T15:40:24","indexId":"ofr20141185","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-24T15:34:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1185","title":"Water-quality modeling of Klamath Straits Drain recirculation, a Klamath River wetland, and 2011 conditions for the Link River to Keno Dam reach of the Klamath River, Oregon","docAbstract":"The upper Klamath River and adjacent Lost River are interconnected basins in south-central Oregon and northern California. Both basins have impaired water quality with Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) in progress or approved. In cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Watercourse Engineering, Inc., have conducted modeling and research to inform management of these basins for multiple purposes, including agriculture, endangered species protection, wildlife refuges, and adjacent and downstream water users. A water-quality and hydrodynamic model (CE-QUAL-W2) of the Link River to Keno Dam reach of the Klamath River for 2006–09 is one of the tools used in this work. The model can simulate stage, flow, water velocity, ice cover, water temperature, specific conductance, suspended sediment, nutrients, organic matter in bed sediment and the water column, three algal groups, three macrophyte groups, dissolved oxygen, and pH.
\nThis report documents two model scenarios and a test of the existing model applied to year 2011, which had exceptional water quality. The first scenario examined the water-quality effects of recirculating Klamath Straits Drain flows into the Ady Canal, to conserve water and to decrease flows from the Klamath Straits Drain to the Klamath River. The second scenario explicitly incorporated a 2.73×106 m2 (675 acre) off-channel connected wetland into the CE-QUAL-W2 framework, with the wetland operating from May 1 through October 31. The wetland represented a managed treatment feature to decrease organic matter loads and process nutrients. Finally, the summer of 2011 showed substantially higher dissolved-oxygen concentrations in the Link-Keno reach than in other recent years, so the Link-Keno model (originally developed for 2006–09) was run with 2011 data as a test of model parameters and rates and to develop insights regarding the reasons for the improved water-quality conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141185","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Sullivan, A., Sogutlugil, I., Deas, M.L., and Rounds, S.A., 2014, Water-quality modeling of Klamath Straits Drain recirculation, a Klamath River wetland, and 2011 conditions for the Link River to Keno Dam reach of the Klamath River, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1185, viii, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141185.","productDescription":"viii, 75 p.","numberOfPages":"88","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-056254","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295752,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141185.jpg"},{"id":295750,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1185/"},{"id":295751,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1185/pdf/ofr2014-1185.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544b5c07e4b03653c63fb1be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sullivan, Annett B. 0000-0001-7783-3906 annett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7783-3906","contributorId":79821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Annett B.","email":"annett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":499955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sogutlugil, I. Ertugrul","contributorId":23867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sogutlugil","given":"I. Ertugrul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deas, Michael L.","contributorId":61359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deas","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70126760,"text":"sir20145188 - 2014 - Water quality of the Ogallala Formation, central High Plains aquifer within the North Plains Groundwater Conservation District, Texas Panhandle, 2012-13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T12:10:20","indexId":"sir20145188","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-24T11:35:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5188","title":"Water quality of the Ogallala Formation, central High Plains aquifer within the North Plains Groundwater Conservation District, Texas Panhandle, 2012-13","docAbstract":"In cooperation with the North Plains Groundwater Conservation District (NPGCD), the U.S. Geological Survey collected and analyzed water-quality samples at 30 groundwater monitor wells in the NPGCD in the Texas Panhandle. All of the wells were completed in the Ogallala Formation of the central High Plains aquifer. Samples from each well were collected during February–March 2012 and in March 2013. Depth to groundwater in feet below land surface was measured at each well before sampling to determine the water-quality sampling depths. Water-quality samples were analyzed for physical properties, major ions, nutrients, and trace metals, and 6 of the 30 samples were analyzed for pesticides. There was a strong relation between specific conductance and dissolved solids as evidenced by a coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.98. The dissolved-solids concentration in water from five wells exceeded the secondary drinking-water standard of 500 milligrams per liter set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Water from 3 of these 5 wells was near the north central part of the NPGCD. Nitrate values exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level of 10 milligrams per liter in 2 of the 30 wells. A sodium-adsorption ratio of 23.4 was measured in the sample collected from well Da-3589 in Dallam County, with the next largest sodium-adsorption ratio measured in the sample collected from well Da-3588 (12.5), also in Dallum County. The sodium-adsorption ratios measured in all other samples were less than 10. The groundwater was generally a mixed cation-bicarbonate plus carbonate type. Twenty-three trace elements were analyzed, and no concentrations exceeded the secondary drinking-water standard or maximum contaminant level set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for water supplies. In 2012, 6 of the 30 wells were sampled for commonly used pesticides. Atrazine and its degradate 2-Chloro-4-isopropylamino-6-amino-s-triazine were detected in two samples. Tebuthiuron was detected in one sample at a detection level below the reporting level but above the long-term method detection level. There were no detections of the glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), or glufosinate.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145188","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Plains Groundwater Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Baldys, S., Haynie, M.M., and Beussink, A.M., 2014, Water quality of the Ogallala Formation, central High Plains aquifer within the North Plains Groundwater Conservation District, Texas Panhandle, 2012-13: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5188, Report: vi, 64 p.; 2 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145188.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 64 p.; 2 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"74","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-055386","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295726,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145188.jpg"},{"id":295722,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5188/"},{"id":295723,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5188/pdf/sir2014-5188.pdf"},{"id":295724,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5188/downloads/sir2014-5188_appendix1.xls","text":"Appendix 1"},{"id":295725,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5188/downloads/sir2014-5188_appendix2.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2"}],"scale":"1000000","projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Texas Panhandle","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544b5c06e4b03653c63fb1bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldys, Stanley sbaldys@usgs.gov","contributorId":3366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldys","given":"Stanley","email":"sbaldys@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":502167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haynie, Monti M. mhaynie@usgs.gov","contributorId":1783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haynie","given":"Monti","email":"mhaynie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":502165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beussink, Amy M. ambeussi@usgs.gov","contributorId":2191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beussink","given":"Amy","email":"ambeussi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":502166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70127554,"text":"ds887 - 2014 - EAARL-B submerged topography: Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, post-Hurricane Sandy, 2012-2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-24T10:55:21","indexId":"ds887","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-24T10:41:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"887","title":"EAARL-B submerged topography: Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, post-Hurricane Sandy, 2012-2013","docAbstract":"These remotely sensed, geographically referenced elevation measurements of lidar-derived submerged topography datasets were produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida.
\nThis project provides highly detailed and accurate datasets for part of Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, acquired post-Hurricane Sandy on November 1, 5, 16, 20, and 30, 2012; December 5, 6, and 21, 2012; and January 10, 2013. The datasets are made available for use as a management tool to research scientists and natural-resource managers. An innovative airborne lidar system, known as the second-generation Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL-B), was used during data acquisition. The EAARL-B system is a raster-scanning, waveform-resolving, green-wavelength (532-nm) lidar designed to map nearshore bathymetry, topography, and vegetation structure simultaneously. The EAARL-B sensor suite includes the raster-scanning, water-penetrating full-waveform adaptive lidar, down-looking red-green-blue (RGB) and infrared (IR) digital cameras, two precision dual-frequency kinematic carrier-phase GPS receivers, and an integrated miniature digital inertial measurement unit, which provide for sub-meter georeferencing of each laser sample. The nominal EAARL-B platform is a twin-engine Cessna 310 aircraft, but the instrument may be deployed on a range of light aircraft. A single pilot, a lidar operator, and a data analyst constitute the crew for most survey operations. This sensor has the potential to make significant contributions in measuring sub-aerial and submarine coastal topography within cross-environmental surveys.
\nElevation measurements were collected over the survey area using the EAARL-B system. The resulting data were then processed using the Airborne Lidar Processing System (ALPS), a custom-built processing system developed originally in a NASA-USGS collaboration. The exploration and processing of lidar data in an interactive or batch mode is supported using ALPS. Modules for presurvey flight-line definition, flight-path plotting, lidar raster and waveform investigation, and digital camera image playback have been developed. Processing algorithms have been developed to extract the range to the first and last significant return within each waveform. The Airborne Lidar Processing System (ALPS) is used routinely to create maps that represent submerged or sub-aerial topography. Specialized filtering algorithms have been implemented to determine the \"bare earth\" under vegetation from a point cloud of last return elevations.
\nFor more information about similar projects, please visit the Lidar for Science and Resource Management Web site.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds887","usgsCitation":"Wright, C., Troche, R.J., Kranenburg, C., Klipp, E.S., Fredericks, X., and Nagle, D.B., 2014, EAARL-B submerged topography: Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, post-Hurricane Sandy, 2012-2013: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 887, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds887.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-11-01","temporalEnd":"2013-01-10","ipdsId":"IP-055647","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295714,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds887.jpg"},{"id":295713,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0887/home.html"},{"id":295715,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0887/"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Barnegat Bay","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544b5c05e4b03653c63fb1b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, C. Wayne","contributorId":52097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C. Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troche, Rodolfo J. rtroche@usgs.gov","contributorId":4304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troche","given":"Rodolfo","email":"rtroche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kranenburg, Christine J.","contributorId":7211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kranenburg","given":"Christine J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klipp, Emily S. eklipp@usgs.gov","contributorId":2754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klipp","given":"Emily","email":"eklipp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fredericks, Xan","contributorId":73520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredericks","given":"Xan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nagle, David B. 0000-0002-2306-6147 dnagle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2306-6147","contributorId":3380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagle","given":"David","email":"dnagle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70173743,"text":"70173743 - 2014 - Adélie penguins coping with environmental change: Results from a natural experiment at the edge of their breeding range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-08T13:55:34","indexId":"70173743","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3910,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution","onlineIssn":"2296-701X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adélie penguins coping with environmental change: Results from a natural experiment at the edge of their breeding range","docAbstract":"
We investigated life history responses to extreme variation in physical environmental conditions during a long-term demographic study of Adélie penguins at 3 colonies representing 9% of the world population and the full range of breeding colony sizes. Five years into the 14-year study (1997–2010) two very large icebergs (spanning 1.5 latitude degrees in length) grounded in waters adjacent to breeding colonies, dramatically altering environmental conditions during 2001–2005. This natural experiment allowed us to evaluate the relative impacts of expected long-term, but also extreme, short-term climate perturbations on important natural history parameters that can regulate populations. The icebergs presented physical barriers, not just to the penguins but to polynya formation, which profoundly increased foraging effort and movement rates, while reducing breeding propensity and productivity, especially at the smallest colony. We evaluated the effect of a variety of environmental parameters during breeding, molt, migration and wintering periods during years with and without icebergs on penguin breeding productivity, chick mass, and nesting chronology. The icebergs had far more influence on the natural history parameters of penguins than any of the other environmental variables measured, resulting in population level changes to metrics of reproductive performance, including delays in nesting chronology, depressed breeding productivity, and lower chick mass. These effects were strongest at the smallest, southern-most colony, which was most affected by alteration of the Ross Sea Polynya during years the iceberg was present. Additionally, chick mass was negatively correlated with colony size, supporting previous findings indicating density-dependent energetic constraints at the largest colony. Understanding the negative effects of the icebergs on the short-term natural history of Adélie penguins, as well as their response to long-term environmental variation, are important to our overall understanding of climate change effects in this and other species facing both rapid and persistent environmental change.
1. Clark & Levy (American Naturalist, 131, 1988, 271–290) described an antipredation window for smaller planktivorous fish during crepuscular periods when light permits feeding on zooplankton, but limits visual detection by piscivores. Yet, how the window is influenced by the interaction between light regime, turbidity and cloud cover over a broad latitudinal gradi- ent remains unexplored.
\n2. We evaluated how latitudinal and seasonal shifts in diel light regimes alter the foraging- risk environment for visually feeding planktivores and piscivores across a natural range of turbidities and cloud covers. Pairing a model of aquatic visual feeding with a model of sun and moon illuminance, we estimated foraging rates of an idealized planktivore and piscivore over depth and time across factorial combinations of latitude (0–70°), turbidity (0\u00101–5 NTU) and cloud cover (clear to overcast skies) during the summer solstice and autumnal equinox. We evaluated the foraging-risk environment based on changes in the magnitude, duration and peak timing of the antipredation window.
\n3. The model scenarios generated up to 10-fold shifts in magnitude, 24-fold shifts in duration and 5\u00105-h shifts in timing of the peak antipredation window. The size of the window increased with latitude. This pattern was strongest during the solstice. In clear water at low turbidity (0\u00101–0\u00105 NTU), peaks in the magnitude and duration of the window formed at 57–60° latitude, before falling to near zero as surface waters became saturated with light under a midnight sun and clear skies at latitudes near 70°. Overcast dampened the midnight sun enough to allow larger windows to form in clear water at high latitudes. Conversely, at turbidities ≥2 NTU, greater reductions in the visual range of piscivores than planktivores created a window for long periods at high latitudes. Latitudinal dependencies were essentially lost during the equinox, indicating a progressive compression of the window from early summer into autumn.
\n4. Model results show that diel-seasonal foraging and predation risk in freshwater pelagic ecosystems changes considerably with latitude, turbidity and cloud cover. These changes alter the structure of pelagic predator–prey interactions, and in turn, the broader role of pelagic consumers in habitat coupling in lakes.
\nIncreased demands for cleaner burning energy, coupled with the relatively recent technological advances in accessing hydrocarbon-rich geologic formations, have led to an intense effort to find and extract unconventional natural gas from various underground sources around the country. One of these sources, the Marcellus Shale, located in the Allegheny Plateau, is currently undergoing extensive drilling and production. The technology used to extract gas in the Marcellus Shale is known as hydraulic fracturing and has garnered much attention because of its use of large amounts of fresh water, its use of proprietary fluids for the hydraulic-fracturing process, its potential to release contaminants into the environment, and its potential effect on water resources. Nonetheless, development of natural gas extraction wells in the Marcellus Shale is only part of the overall natural gas story in this area of Pennsylvania. Conventional natural gas wells, which sometimes use the same technique for extraction, are commonly located in the same general area as the Marcellus Shale and are frequently developed in clusters across the landscape. The combined effects of these two natural gas extraction methods create potentially serious patterns of disturbance on the landscape. This document quantifies the landscape changes and consequences of natural gas extraction for Cameron, Clarion, Elk, Forest, Jefferson, McKean, Potter, and Warren Counties in Pennsylvania between 2004 and 2010. Patterns of landscape disturbance related to natural gas extraction activities were collected and digitized using National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery for 2004, 2005/2006, 2008, and 2010. The disturbance patterns were then used to measure changes in land cover and land use using the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) of 2001. A series of landscape metrics is also used to quantify these changes and is included in this publication. In this region, natural gas and oil development disturbed approximately 5,255 hectares (ha) (conventional, 2,400 ha; Marcellus, 357 ha; and oil, 1,883 ha) of land of which 3,507 ha were forested land and 610 ha were agricultural land. Eighty percent of that total disturbance was from conventional natural gas and oil development.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141152","usgsCitation":"Milheim, L.E., Slonecker, E.T., Roig-Silva, C., Winters, S., and Ballew, J.R., 2014, Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Cameron, Clarion, Elk, Forest, Jefferson, McKean, Potter, and Warren Counties, Pennsylvania, 2004-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1152, v, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141152.","productDescription":"v, 45 p.","numberOfPages":"51","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-056242","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295598,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141152.jpg"},{"id":295597,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5448b90be4b0f888a81b879f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milheim, L. E.","contributorId":89469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milheim","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slonecker, E. T.","contributorId":101585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slonecker","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roig-Silva, C. M.","contributorId":11534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roig-Silva","given":"C. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winters, S. G.","contributorId":75083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"S. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ballew, J. R.","contributorId":46030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballew","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70124042,"text":"ds878 - 2014 - Pharmaceutical compounds in shallow groundwater in non-agricultural areas of Minnesota: study design, methods, and data, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-21T09:31:38","indexId":"ds878","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-20T16:09:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"878","title":"Pharmaceutical compounds in shallow groundwater in non-agricultural areas of Minnesota: study design, methods, and data, 2013","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, completed a study on the occurrence of pharmaceutical compounds and other contaminants of emerging concern in shallow groundwater in non-agricultural areas of Minnesota during 2013. This report describes the study design and methods for the study on the occurrence of pharmaceuticals and other contaminants of emerging concern, and presents the data collected on pharmaceutical compounds. Samples were analyzed by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory for 110 pharmaceutical compounds using research method 9017. Samples from 21 of 45 wells had detectable concentrations of at least one of the 110 compounds analyzed. One sample contained detectable concentrations of nine compounds, which was the most detected in a single sample. Fewer than five compounds were detected in most samples. Among all samples, 27 of the 110 compounds were detected in groundwater from at least one well. Desmethyldiltiazem and nicotine were the most frequently detected compounds, each detected in 5 of 46 environmental samples (one well was sampled twice so a total of 46 environmental samples were collected from 45 wells). Caffeine had the highest detectable concentration of all the compounds at 2,060 nanograms per liter.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds878","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency","usgsCitation":"Elliott, S.M., and Erickson, M., 2014, Pharmaceutical compounds in shallow groundwater in non-agricultural areas of Minnesota: study design, methods, and data, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 878, Report: v, 11 p.; Table 4, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds878.","productDescription":"Report: v, 11 p.; Table 4","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2013-04-01","temporalEnd":"2013-06-30","ipdsId":"IP-057550","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295505,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds878.jpg"},{"id":295503,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0878/"},{"id":295509,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0878/downloads/table4.xls"},{"id":295508,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0878/pdf/ds878.pdf"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54461609e4b0f888a81b7f03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, Sarah M. 0000-0002-1414-3024 selliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1414-3024","contributorId":1472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Sarah","email":"selliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Erickson, Melinda L. 0000-0002-1117-2866 merickso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1117-2866","contributorId":3671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Melinda L.","email":"merickso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70131477,"text":"70131477 - 2014 - Hyporheic flow and transport processes: mechanisms, models, and biogeochemical implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-02T14:38:01","indexId":"70131477","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3283,"text":"Reviews of Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hyporheic flow and transport processes: mechanisms, models, and biogeochemical implications","docAbstract":"Fifty years of hyporheic zone research have shown the important role played by the hyporheic zone as an interface between groundwater and surface waters. However, it is only in the last two decades that what began as an empirical science has become a mechanistic science devoted to modeling studies of the complex fluid dynamical and biogeochemical mechanisms occurring in the hyporheic zone. These efforts have led to the picture of surface-subsurface water interactions as regulators of the form and function of fluvial ecosystems. Rather than being isolated systems, surface water bodies continuously interact with the subsurface. Exploration of hyporheic zone processes has led to a new appreciation of their wide reaching consequences for water quality and stream ecology. Modern research aims toward a unified approach, in which processes occurring in the hyporheic zone are key elements for the appreciation, management, and restoration of the whole river environment. In this unifying context, this review summarizes results from modeling studies and field observations about flow and transport processes in the hyporheic zone and describes the theories proposed in hydrology and fluid dynamics developed to quantitatively model and predict the hyporheic transport of water, heat, and dissolved and suspended compounds from sediment grain scale up to the watershed scale. The implications of these processes for stream biogeochemistry and ecology are also discussed.\"
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2012RG000417","usgsCitation":"Boano, F., Harvey, J.W., Marion, A., Packman, A.I., Revelli, R., Ridolfi, L., and Anders, W., 2014, Hyporheic flow and transport processes: mechanisms, models, and biogeochemical implications: Reviews of Geophysics, v. 52, no. 4, p. 603-679, https://doi.org/10.1002/2012RG000417.","productDescription":"77 p.","startPage":"603","endPage":"679","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055545","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296110,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546727b9e4b04d4b7dbde860","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/2012rg000417","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2012rg000417","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Boano F., Harvey J. W., Marion A., Packman A. I., Revelli R., Ridolfi L., Wörman A.","journalName":"Reviews of Geophysics","publicationDate":"10/20/2014","auditedOn":"7/27/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boano, Fulvio","contributorId":124515,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boano","given":"Fulvio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5039,"text":"Department of Environment, Land, and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":521223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marion, Andrea","contributorId":124516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marion","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5040,"text":"Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Padova, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Packman, Aaron I.","contributorId":124517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Packman","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":5041,"text":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Revelli, Roberto","contributorId":124518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Revelli","given":"Roberto","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5039,"text":"Department of Environment, Land, and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ridolfi, Luca","contributorId":124519,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ridolfi","given":"Luca","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5039,"text":"Department of Environment, Land, and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Anders, Worman","contributorId":124520,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anders","given":"Worman","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5042,"text":"Division of River Engineering, Institute of Land and Water Resources Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70129159,"text":"70129159 - 2014 - Formation of fine sediment deposit from a flash flood river in the Mediterranean Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-17T13:44:20","indexId":"70129159","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-17T13:39:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2321,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Formation of fine sediment deposit from a flash flood river in the Mediterranean Sea","docAbstract":"We identify the mechanisms controlling fine deposits on the inner-shelf in front of the Besòs River, in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. This river is characterized by a flash flood regime discharging large amounts of water (more than 20 times the mean water discharge) and sediment in very short periods lasting from hours to few days. Numerical model output was compared with bottom sediment observations and used to characterize the multiple spatial and temporal scales involved in offshore sediment deposit formation. A high-resolution (50 m grid size) coupled hydrodynamic-wave-sediment transport model was applied to the initial stages of the sediment dispersal after a storm-related flood event. After the flood, sediment accumulation was predominantly confined to an area near the coastline as a result of preferential deposition during the final stage of the storm. Subsequent reworking occurred due to wave-induced bottom shear stress that resuspended fine materials, with seaward flow exporting them toward the midshelf. Wave characteristics, sediment availability, and shelf circulation determined the transport after the reworking and the final sediment deposition location. One year simulations of the regional area revealed a prevalent southwestward average flow with increased intensity downstream. The circulation pattern was consistent with the observed fine deposit depocenter being shifted southward from the river mouth. At the southern edge, bathymetry controlled the fine deposition by inducing near-bottom flow convergence enhancing bottom shear stress. According to the short-term and long-term analyses, a seasonal pattern in the fine deposit formation is expected.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014JC010187","usgsCitation":"Grifoll, M., Gracia, V., Aretxabaleta, A.L., Guillen, J., Espino, M., and Warner, J., 2014, Formation of fine sediment deposit from a flash flood river in the Mediterranean Sea: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, v. 119, no. 9, p. 5837-5853, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JC010187.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"5837","endPage":"5853","numberOfPages":"17","ipdsId":"IP-058276","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jc010187","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":295463,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295462,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014JC010187"}],"otherGeospatial":"Besòs River, Mediterranean Sea","volume":"119","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5442218ce4b0192a5a42f3c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grifoll, Manel","contributorId":21884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grifoll","given":"Manel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gracia, Vicenc","contributorId":85107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gracia","given":"Vicenc","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L. 0000-0002-9914-8018 aaretxabaleta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9914-8018","contributorId":5464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aretxabaleta","given":"Alfredo","email":"aaretxabaleta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":503471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guillen, Jorge","contributorId":76671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guillen","given":"Jorge","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Espino, Manuel","contributorId":34843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Espino","given":"Manuel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Warner, John C. 0000-0002-3734-8903 jcwarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-8903","contributorId":2681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"John C.","email":"jcwarner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70129111,"text":"70129111 - 2014 - Radiocarbon age-offsets in an arctic lake reveal the long-term response of permafrost carbon to climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-17T11:42:59","indexId":"70129111","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-17T11:33:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiocarbon age-offsets in an arctic lake reveal the long-term response of permafrost carbon to climate change","docAbstract":"Continued warming of the Arctic may cause permafrost to thaw and speed the decomposition of large stores of soil organic carbon (OC), thereby accentuating global warming. However, it is unclear if recent warming has raised the current rates of permafrost OC release to anomalous levels or to what extent soil carbon release is sensitive to climate forcing. Here we use a time series of radiocarbon age-offsets (14C) between the bulk lake sediment and plant macrofossils deposited in an arctic lake as an archive for soil and permafrost OC release over the last 14,500 years. The lake traps and archives OC imported from the watershed and allows us to test whether prior warming events stimulated old carbon release and heightened age-offsets. Today, the age-offset (2 ka; thousand of calibrated years before A.D. 1950) and the depositional rate of ancient OC from the watershed into the lake are relatively low and similar to those during the Younger Dryas cold interval (occurring 12.9–11.7 ka). In contrast, age-offsets were higher (3.0–5.0 ka) when summer air temperatures were warmer than present during the Holocene Thermal Maximum (11.7–9.0 ka) and Bølling-Allerød periods (14.5–12.9 ka). During these warm times, permafrost thaw contributed to ancient OC depositional rates that were ~10 times greater than today. Although permafrost OC was vulnerable to climate warming in the past, we suggest surface soil organic horizons and peat are presently limiting summer thaw and carbon release. As a result, the temperature threshold to trigger widespread permafrost OC release is higher than during previous warming events.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014JG002688","usgsCitation":"Gaglioti, B.V., Mann, D., Jones, B.M., Pohlman, J., Kunz, M.L., and Wooller, M.J., 2014, Radiocarbon age-offsets in an arctic lake reveal the long-term response of permafrost carbon to climate change: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 119, no. 8, p. 1630-1651, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002688.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1630","endPage":"1651","numberOfPages":"22","ipdsId":"IP-056287","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jg002688","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":295454,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295450,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002688"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"119","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5442218ce4b0192a5a42f3c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaglioti, Benjamin V. 0000-0003-0591-5253 bgaglioti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0591-5253","contributorId":4521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaglioti","given":"Benjamin","email":"bgaglioti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mann, Daniel H.","contributorId":97441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"Daniel H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pohlman, John W.","contributorId":7642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pohlman","given":"John W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kunz, Michael L.","contributorId":42157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunz","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wooller, Matthew J.","contributorId":81039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooller","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70126210,"text":"ds882 - 2014 - Water temperature differences by plant community and location in re-established wetlands in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, July 2005 to February 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-17T08:14:08","indexId":"ds882","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-16T16:44:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"882","title":"Water temperature differences by plant community and location in re-established wetlands in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, July 2005 to February 2008","docAbstract":"Rates of carbon storage in wetlands are determined by the balance of its inputs and losses, both of which are affected by environmental factors such as water temperature and depth. In the autumn of 1997, the U.S. Geological Survey re-established two wetlands with different shallow water depths—about 25 and 55 centimeters deep—to investigate the potential to reverse subsidence of delta islands by preserving and accumulating organic substrates derived from plant biomass inputs over time. Because cooler water temperatures can slow decomposition rates and increase accretion of plant biomass, water temperature was recorded from July 2005 to February 2008 in the deeper of the two wetlands, where areas of emergent and submerged vegetation persisted throughout the study, to assess differences in water temperature between the two vegetation types. Water temperature was compared at three depths in the water column between areas of emergent and submerged vegetation and between areas near the water inflow and in the wetland interior in both vegetation types. The latter comparison was a way of evaluating the effect of the length of time water had resided in the wetland on water temperatures.
\nThere were statistically significant differences in water temperature at all depths between the two vegetation types. Overall, in areas of emergent marsh vegetation, the mean water temperature at the surface was 1.4 degrees Celsius (°C) less than it was in areas of submerged vegetation; however, when analyses accounted for the changes in temperature due to seasonal and diurnal cycles, differences in the mean water temperature between the vegetation types were even greater than this. For example, in the spring, the mean temperatures in areas of emergent marsh vegetation at the surface, mid-point, and near the sediment in the water column were 2.0, 2.3, and 2.1 °C less, respectively, than water temperatures in areas of submerged vegetation. When diurnal changes in temperature were accounted for by comparing temperatures in mid-afternoon (at 3 p.m.), water-temperature differences were even greater than the seasonal means indicated. In areas of emergent vegetation, the mean temperatures were cooler than temperatures in areas of submerged vegetation at the surface, the mid-point, and near the sediment in the water column by 3.9, 3.6, and 2.3 °C, respectively. Furthermore, from July 2005 through December 2006, water temperatures at the surface in the interior of the wetland were significantly cooler than in areas near the inflow supplying water from the San Joaquin River by 1.0 °C in areas of submerged vegetation and by 1.1 °C in areas of emergent vegetation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds882","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Crepeau, K.L., and Miller, R., 2014, Water temperature differences by plant community and location in re-established wetlands in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, July 2005 to February 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 882, Report: vi, 20 p.; 1 Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds882.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 20 p.; 1 Appendix","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-07-01","temporalEnd":"2008-02-29","ipdsId":"IP-036902","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295440,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds882.jpg"},{"id":295437,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0882/"},{"id":295438,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0882/pdf/ds882.pdf"},{"id":295439,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0882/downloads/ds882_appendix01.xlsx"}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5440d007e4b0b0a643c7329c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crepeau, Kathryn L. kcrepeau@usgs.gov","contributorId":3943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crepeau","given":"Kathryn","email":"kcrepeau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":501933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Robin L. romiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Robin L.","email":"romiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":501932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70122402,"text":"sir20145155 - 2014 - Water chemistry, seepage investigation, streamflow, reservoir storage, and annual availability of water for the San Juan-Chama Project, northern New Mexico, 1942-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-16T13:14:25","indexId":"sir20145155","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-16T13:06:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5155","title":"Water chemistry, seepage investigation, streamflow, reservoir storage, and annual availability of water for the San Juan-Chama Project, northern New Mexico, 1942-2010","docAbstract":"The Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority supplements the municipal water supply for the Albuquerque metropolitan area, in central New Mexico, with surface water diverted from the Rio Grande. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority, undertook this study in which water-chemistry data and historical streamflow were compiled and new water-chemistry data were collected to characterize the water chemistry and streamflow of the San Juan-Chama Project (SJCP). Characterization of streamflow included analysis of the variability of annual streamflow and comparison of the theoretical amount of water that could have been diverted into the SJCP to the actual amount of water that was diverted for the SJCP. Additionally, a seepage investigation was conducted along the channel between Azotea Tunnel Outlet and the streamflow-gaging station at Willow Creek above Heron Reservoir to estimate the magnitude of the gain or loss in streamflow resulting from groundwater interaction over the approximately 10-mile reach.
\nGenerally, surface-water chemistry varied with streamflow throughout the year. Streamflow ranged from high flow to low flow on the basis of the quantity of water diverted from the Rio Blanco, Little Navajo River, and Navajo River for the SJCP. Vertical profiles of the water temperature over the depth of the water column at Heron Reservoir indicated that the reservoir is seasonally stratified. The results from the seepage investigations indicated a small amount of loss of streamflow along the channel.
\nAnnual variability in streamflow for the SJCP was an indication of the variation in the climate parameters that interact to contribute to streamflow in the Rio Blanco, Little Navajo River, Navajo River, and Willow Creek watersheds. For most years, streamflow at Azotea Tunnel Outlet started in March and continued for approximately 3 months until the middle of July. The majority of annual streamflow at Azotea Tunnel Outlet occurred from May through June, with a median duration of slightly longer than a month. Years with higher maximum daily streamflow generally are associated with higher annual streamflow than years with lower maximum daily streamflow. The amount of water that can be diverted for the SJCP is controlled by the availability of streamflow and is limited by several factors including legal limits for diversion, limits from the SJCP infrastructure including the size of the diversion dams and tunnels, the capacity of Heron Reservoir, and operational constraints that limit when water can be diverted. The average annual streamflow at Azotea Tunnel Outlet was 94,710 acre-feet, and the annual streamflow at Azotea Tunnel Outlet was approximately 75 percent of the annual streamflow available for the SJCP. The average annual percentage of available streamflow not diverted for the SJCP was 14 percent because of structural limitations of the capacity of infrastructure, 1 percent because of limitations of the reservoir storage capacity, and 29 percent because of the limitations from operations. For most years, the annual available streamflow not diverted for unknown reasons exceeded the sum of the water not diverted because of structural, capacity, and operational limitations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145155","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority","usgsCitation":"McKean, S.E., and Anderholm, S.K., 2014, Water chemistry, seepage investigation, streamflow, reservoir storage, and annual availability of water for the San Juan-Chama Project, northern New Mexico, 1942-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5155, Report: viii, 52 p.; 1 Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145155.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 52 p.; 1 Appendix","numberOfPages":"63","ipdsId":"IP-045511","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295409,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145155.jpg"},{"id":295407,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5155/pdf/sir2014-5155.pdf"},{"id":295406,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5155/"},{"id":295408,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5155/downloads/sir2014-5155_appendix_1.xlsx"}],"datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"San Juan-Chama","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5440d006e4b0b0a643c7329a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKean, Sarah E.","contributorId":92604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKean","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderholm, Scott K.","contributorId":69912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderholm","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70129338,"text":"70129338 - 2014 - Florfenicol residues in Rainbow Trout after oral dosing in recirculating and flow-through culture systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-21T10:25:08","indexId":"70129338","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-16T10:22:49","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Florfenicol residues in Rainbow Trout after oral dosing in recirculating and flow-through culture systems","docAbstract":"Aquaflor is a feed premix for fish containing the broad spectrum antibacterial agent florfenicol (FFC) incorporated at a ratio of 50% (w/w). To enhance the effectiveness of FFC for salmonids infected with certain isolates of Flavobacterium psychrophilum causing coldwater disease, the FFC dose must be increased from the standard 10 mg·kg−1 body weight (BW)·d−1 for 10 consecutive days. A residue depletion study was conducted to determine whether FFC residues remaining in the fillet tissue after treating fish at an increased dose would be safe for human consumption. Groups of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (total n = 144; weight range, 126–617 g) were treated with FFC at 20 mg·kg−1 BW·d−1 for 10 d in a flow-through system (FTS) and a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) each with a water temperature of ∼13°C. The two-tank RAS included a nontreated tank containing 77 fish. Fish were taken from each tank (treated tank, n = 16; nontreated tank, n = 8) at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 120, 240, 360, and 480 h posttreatment. Florfenicol amine (FFA) concentrations (the FFC marker residue) in skin-on fillets from treated fish were greatest at 12 h posttreatment (11.58 μg/g) in the RAS and were greatest at 6 h posttreatment (11.09 μg/g) in the FTS. The half-lives for FFA in skin-on fillets from the RAS and FTS were 20.3 and 19.7 h, respectively. Assimilation of FFC residues in the fillets of nontreated fish sharing the RAS with FFC-treated fish was minimal. Florfenicol water concentrations peaked in the RAS-treated tank and nontreated tanks at 10 h (453 μg/L) and 11 h (442 μg/L) posttreatment, respectively. Monitoring of nitrite concentrations throughout the study indicated the nitrogen oxidation efficiency of the RAS biofilter was minimally impacted by the FFC treatment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.1080/08997659.2014.945046","usgsCitation":"Meinertz, J.R., Hess, K., Bernady, J.A., Gaikowski, M., Whitsel, M., and Endris, R.G., 2014, Florfenicol residues in Rainbow Trout after oral dosing in recirculating and flow-through culture systems: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 26, no. 4, p. 243-250, https://doi.org/10.1080/08997659.2014.945046.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"250","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-051937","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295529,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295499,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08997659.2014.945046"},{"id":295500,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08997659.2014.945046#.VEVreU0cS70"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544775aee4b0f888a81b8316","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meinertz, Jeffery R. 0000-0002-8855-2648 jmeinertz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8855-2648","contributorId":2495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meinertz","given":"Jeffery","email":"jmeinertz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hess, Karina R.","contributorId":97838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"Karina R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bernady, Jeffry A.","contributorId":33250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernady","given":"Jeffry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gaikowski, M. P.","contributorId":11975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaikowski","given":"M. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Whitsel, Melissa","contributorId":59370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitsel","given":"Melissa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Endris, R. G.","contributorId":43291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Endris","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70135670,"text":"70135670 - 2014 - Alpha-emitting isotopes and chromium in a coastal California aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-30T12:48:22","indexId":"70135670","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-16T06:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alpha-emitting isotopes and chromium in a coastal California aquifer","docAbstract":"The unadjusted 72-h gross alpha activities in water from two wells completed in marine and alluvial deposits in a coastal southern California aquifer 40 km north of San Diego were 15 and 25 picoCuries per liter (pCi/L). Although activities were below the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 15 pCi/L, when adjusted for uranium activity; there is concern that new wells in the area may exceed MCLs, or that future regulations may limit water use from the wells. Coupled well-bore flow and depth-dependent water-quality data collected from the wells in 2011 (with analyses for isotopes within the uranium, actinium, and thorium decay-chains) show gross alpha activity in marine deposits is associated with decay of naturally-occurring 238U and its daughter 234U. Radon activities in marine deposits were as high as 2230 pCi/L. In contrast, gross alpha activities in overlying alluvium within the Piedra de Lumbre watershed, eroded from the nearby San Onofre Hills, were associated with decay of 232Th, including its daughter 224Ra. Radon activities in alluvium from Piedra de Lumbre of 450 pCi/L were lower than in marine deposits. Chromium VI concentrations in marine deposits were less than the California MCL of 10 μg/L (effective July 1, 2014) but δ53Cr compositions were near zero and within reported ranges for anthropogenic chromium. Alluvial deposits from the nearby Las Flores watershed, which drains a larger area having diverse geology, has low alpha activities and chromium as a result of geologic and geochemical conditions and may be more promising for future water-supply development.
","language":"English","publisher":"Pergamon Press","publisherLocation":"Oxford, UK","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.09.016","usgsCitation":"Densmore, J.N., Izbicki, J., Murtaugh, J.M., Swarzenski, P.W., and Bullen, T.D., 2014, Alpha-emitting isotopes and chromium in a coastal California aquifer: Applied Geochemistry, v. 51, p. 204-215, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.09.016.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"204","endPage":"215","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044867","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472694,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.09.016","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":311750,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Camp Pendleton","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.69653320312499,\n 33.128351191631566\n ],\n [\n -117.69653320312499,\n 33.486435450999885\n ],\n [\n -117.21725463867186,\n 33.486435450999885\n ],\n [\n -117.21725463867186,\n 33.128351191631566\n ],\n [\n -117.69653320312499,\n 33.128351191631566\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"565d813ae4b071e7ea54345a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Densmore, Jill N. 0000-0002-5345-6613 jidensmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5345-6613","contributorId":1474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Jill","email":"jidensmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":1375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John A.","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murtaugh, Joseph M.","contributorId":150070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murtaugh","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bullen, Thomas D. 0000-0003-2281-1691 tdbullen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-1691","contributorId":1969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"Thomas","email":"tdbullen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70129358,"text":"70129358 - 2014 - Scaling up watershed model parameters--Flow and load simulations of the Edisto River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-30T14:36:50","indexId":"70129358","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Scaling up watershed model parameters--Flow and load simulations of the Edisto River Basin","docAbstract":"The Edisto River is the longest and largest river system completely contained in South Carolina and is one of the longest free flowing blackwater rivers in the United States. The Edisto River basin also has fish-tissue mercury concentrations that are some of the highest recorded in the United States. As part of an effort by the U.S. Geological Survey to expand the understanding of relations among hydrologic, geochemical, and ecological processes that affect fish-tissue mercury concentrations within the Edisto River basin, analyses and simulations of the hydrology of the Edisto River basin were made with the topography-based hydrological model (TOPMODEL). The potential for scaling up a previous application of TOPMODEL for the McTier Creek watershed, which is a small headwater catchment to the Edisto River basin, was assessed. Scaling up was done in a step-wise process beginning with applying the calibration parameters, meteorological data, and topographic wetness index data from the McTier Creek TOPMODEL to the Edisto River TOPMODEL. Additional changes were made with subsequent simulations culminating in the best simulation, which included meteorological and topographic wetness index data from the Edisto River basin and updated calibration parameters for some of the TOPMODEL calibration parameters. Comparison of goodness-of-fit statistics between measured and simulated daily mean streamflow for the two models showed that with calibration, the Edisto River TOPMODEL produced slightly better results than the McTier Creek model, despite the significant difference in the drainage-area size at the outlet locations for the two models (30.7 and 2,725 square miles, respectively). Along with the TOPMODEL hydrologic simulations, a visualization tool (the Edisto River Data Viewer) was developed to help assess trends and influencing variables in the stream ecosystem. Incorporated into the visualization tool were the water-quality load models TOPLOAD, TOPLOAD-H, and LOADEST. 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tfeaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5626-5011","contributorId":1109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feaster","given":"Toby D.","email":"tfeaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70125696,"text":"70125696 - 2014 - Assessment of the NCHRP abutment scour prediction equations with laboratory and field data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-29T12:18:41","indexId":"70125696","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Assessment of the NCHRP abutment scour prediction equations with laboratory and field data","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in coopeation with nthe National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) is assessing the performance of several abutment-scour predcition equations developed in NCHRP Project 24-15(2) and NCHRP Project 24-20. To accomplish this assssment, 516 laboratory and 329 fiels measurements of abutment scor were complied from selected sources and applied tto the new equations. Results will be used to identify stregths, weaknesses, and limitations of the NCHRP abutment scour equations, providing practical insights for applying the equations. This paper presents some prelimiray findings from the investigation.
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