Large-scale gravitational spreading and movement along fractures of steep-sided ridges in the mountainous areas of the western United States are characterized by linear fissures, trenches, and uphill-facing scarps on tops and sides of ridges. Spreading appears to take place by movement along disconnected planes and/or by slow plastic deformation of a rock mass. In some places, valleyward squeezing out of weak shales overlain by rigid rocks causes extensional fracturing and outward movement of the rigid layers, as illustrated by extension of two laccoliths overlying Mancos Shale, one at Dolores Peak and another at Crested Butte in western Colorado. Gravitational forces acting on a ridge of more homogeneous material causes tensional spreading of the ridge parallel to its long axis, for example in fractured granitic rock north of Mt. Massive in central Colorado, where a survey course has been established to monitor the movement. Recognition and understanding of these large-scale gravitational features and the mechanism that causes them are pertinent to site selection and design of engineering structures in high mountains. If fractures extend to considerable depth and if movement is continuing, engineering structures in valleys or tunnels through the spreading ridges could be damaged.
Landslides can cause seismic disturbances; landslides can also result from seismic disturbances, and earthquake-induced slides have caused loss of life in many countries. Slides can cause disastrous flooding, particularly when landslide dams across streams are breached, and flooding may trigger slides. Slope movement in general is a major process of the geologic environment that places constraints on engineering development. In order to understand and foresee both the causes and effects of slope movement, studies must be made on a regional scale, at individual sites, and in the laboratory.
Areal studies — some embracing entire countries — have shown that certain geologic conditions on slopes facilitate landsliding; these conditions include intensely sheared rocks; poorly consolidated, fine-grained clastic rocks; hard fractured rocks underlain by less resistant rocks; or loose accumulations of fine-grained surface debris.
Field investigations as well as mathematical- and physical-model studies are increasing our understanding of the mechanism of slope movement in fractured rock, and assist in arriving at practical solutions to landslide problems related to all kinds of land development for human use. Progressive failure of slopes has been studied in both soil and rock mechanics. New procedures have been developed to evaluate earthquake response of embankments and slopes. The finite element method of analysis is being extensively used in the calculation of slope stability in rock broken by joints, faults, and other discontinuities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02634797","issn":"00741612","usgsCitation":"Radbruch-Hall, D., and Varnes, D.J., 1976, Landslides - Cause and effect: Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology, v. 13, no. 1, p. 205-216, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02634797.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"205","endPage":"216","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab82a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Radbruch-Hall, D. H.","contributorId":53453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radbruch-Hall","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Varnes, D. J.","contributorId":85201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varnes","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70001191,"text":"70001191 - 1976 - An investigation of the critical liquid-vapor properties of dilute KCl solutions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-27T13:09:17.156324","indexId":"70001191","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:21","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2460,"text":"Journal of Solution Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An investigation of the critical liquid-vapor properties of dilute KCl solutions","docAbstract":"The three parameters that define the critical point, temperature, pressure, and volume have been experimentally determined by means of filling studies in a platinum-lined system for five KCl solutions ranging from 0.006 to 0.568m. The platinum-lined vessels were used to overcome the problems with corrosion experienced by earlier workers. The critical temperature (t c), pressure (P c), and volume (V c) were found to fit the equations
from infinite dilution to 1.0m.
This Committee's report for 1974-75 (Marshall et al. 1975, Auk 92 (4, Suppl.): lB-16B) summarized activities affecting bird conservation in the United States and Canada since 1973, including new legislation, international activities, avian conflicts with industrial and population growth, and habitat preservation. It also summarized the status of many of the endangered birds of North America, and a few critically endangered species elsewhere. The concern expressed in the report for greater participation of scientists outside government in the affairs of government has led to the formation of an AOU Committee on Public Responsibility.
This report focuses on avian conservation problems in two areas, Puerto Rico and the islands of the Bering Sea. Both areas have conservation problems that are significant to ornithologists, there have been major new developments in the status of the birds and their habitats in these areas in the last few years, yet neither area has received the attention this committee feels it deserves.
The Committee thanks Noel Snyder and George Gee for their contributions to this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4085079","usgsCitation":"King, W., Byrd, G., Hickey, J., Kepler, C.B., Post, W., Raffaele, H., Springer, P.F., Snyder, H., White, C., and Wiley, J., 1976, Report of the American Ornithologists' Union Committee on Conservation 1975-76: The Auk, v. 93, no. 4, Supplement, p. 1DD-19DD, https://doi.org/10.2307/4085079.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1DD","endPage":"19DD","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"4, Supplement","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633d7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, W.B.","contributorId":46898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byrd, G.V.","contributorId":39320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrd","given":"G.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hickey, J.J.","contributorId":57010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kepler, C. B.","contributorId":62548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kepler","given":"C.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Post, W.","contributorId":6155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Post","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Raffaele, H.A.","contributorId":35850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raffaele","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Springer, P. F.","contributorId":56590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Springer","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Snyder, H.F.","contributorId":76436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"H.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"White, C.M.","contributorId":97459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wiley, J.N.","contributorId":75253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiley","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":5223476,"text":"5223476 - 1976 - [Book review] American sportsmen and the origins of conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-16T10:29:58","indexId":"5223476","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:19","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] American sportsmen and the origins of conservation","docAbstract":"The relationship of this book to ornithology is so indirect that the work barely merits a review on these pages. In a rather subtle way, however, the book may have a considerable effect on at least one aspect of ornithology, that involving scientific collecting. In essence, the volume is an entry in the hunting versus antihunting controversy, by a historian who is a sportsman. A challenge to antihunting preservationists, the premise is that sportsmen (those who hunt and fish for pleasure rather than for food or profit), and not preservationists, were the founders of conservation concepts in the United States. The implied conclusion is that modern hunting and fishing are valid, conservation- oriented activities. The proof of the thesis depends on demonstrating that those persons who led the conservation movement were in fact sportsmen, as defined, rather than fitting any other categorization, and that only those who fit the definition were effective. The method is to detail both the sporting proclivities and conservation efforts of leaders in the movement and to ignore or belittle other activities of those persons and other persons not considered sportsmen. Although effective in making a point, the technique suffers from the difficulties inherent in any one-character classification.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Banks, R.C., 1976, [Book review] American sportsmen and the origins of conservation: The Auk, v. 93, no. 4, p. 864-865.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"864","endPage":"865","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199783,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18217,"rank":300,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4085028"}],"volume":"93","issue":"4","publicComments":"A review of: American sportsmen and the origins of conservation. J. F. Reiger. 1975. New York, Winchester Press. 316 pp","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d5e4b07f02db5dd985","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banks, Richard C.","contributorId":102933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5221022,"text":"5221022 - 1976 - New seasonal and distributional records of Idaho birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-15T16:49:26.331514","indexId":"5221022","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:19","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2793,"text":"Murrelet","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New seasonal and distributional records of Idaho birds","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Northwestern Vertebrate Biology","doi":"10.2307/3534536","usgsCitation":"Wilbur, S., 1976, New seasonal and distributional records of Idaho birds: Murrelet, v. 57, no. 2, p. 32-34, https://doi.org/10.2307/3534536.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"32","endPage":"34","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196847,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"57","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697566","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilbur, S.R.","contributorId":53908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilbur","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5220876,"text":"5220876 - 1976 - Twenty-ninth winter bird-population study. 13. Upland tulip-tree-maple-oak forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:52","indexId":"5220876","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:17","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":708,"text":"American Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Twenty-ninth winter bird-population study. 13. Upland tulip-tree-maple-oak forest","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 1976, Twenty-ninth winter bird-population study. 13. Upland tulip-tree-maple-oak forest: American Birds, v. 30, no. 6.","productDescription":"1046","startPage":"1046","numberOfPages":"1046","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198588,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db623c12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5223247,"text":"5223247 - 1976 - An update to Wood's Bird Bander's Guide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:35","indexId":"5223247","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:17","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1998,"text":"Inland Bird Banding News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An update to Wood's Bird Bander's Guide","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Inland Bird Banding News","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Sheppard, J., and Klimkiewicz, M.K., 1976, An update to Wood's Bird Bander's Guide: Inland Bird Banding News, v. 48, no. 3, p. 88-97.","productDescription":"88-97","startPage":"88","endPage":"97","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201962,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db6840c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheppard, J.M.","contributorId":67183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheppard","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klimkiewicz, M. K.","contributorId":53490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klimkiewicz","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221359,"text":"5221359 - 1976 - Nationwide residues of organochlorines in wings of adult mallards and black ducks, 1972-73","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-20T12:40:46","indexId":"5221359","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:17","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3038,"text":"Pesticides Monitoring Journal","onlineIssn":" 0031-615","printIssn":" 0031-615","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nationwide residues of organochlorines in wings of adult mallards and black ducks, 1972-73","docAbstract":"Organochlorine residues in wings of adult mallards and black ducks were monitored during the 1972-73 hunting season. DDE, DDT, DDD, dieldrin, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) were present in all samples. Mallard wings from Alabama contained the highest mean levels of DDE, DDT, DDD, dieldrin, and PCB's. Mallards and black ducks from the Atlantic Flyway and mallards from the Pacific Flyway contained significantly lower DDE residues than in 1969-70. Black ducks from the Atlantic Flyway contained significantly less dieldrin than in 1969-70, and mallards in the Central and Pacific Flyways contained significantly lower levels of PCB's. As in 1969-70, DDE residues were lowest in the Central Flyway and highest in the Atlantic Flyway. The average PCB level remained unchanged in the Atlantic Flyway but was higher in the Mississippi Flyway than in 1969-70, probably because of the unusually high levels in Alabama samples. All organochlorine residues in black ducks from the Atlantic Flyway significantly correlated. DDE concentrations in mallards from the Atlantic Flyway significantly correlated with those of DDT, DDD, and PCB's.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pesticides Monitoring Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"White, D.H., and Heath, R., 1976, Nationwide residues of organochlorines in wings of adult mallards and black ducks, 1972-73: Pesticides Monitoring Journal, v. 9, no. 4, p. 176-185.","productDescription":"176-185","startPage":"176","endPage":"185","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269735,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26096040"}],"volume":"9","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698355","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Donald H.","contributorId":97868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heath, R.G.","contributorId":104999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heath","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223248,"text":"5223248 - 1976 - An update to Wood's Bird-Bander's Guide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:35","indexId":"5223248","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:17","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2881,"text":"North American Bird Bander","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An update to Wood's Bird-Bander's Guide","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Bird Bander","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Sheppard, J., and Klimkiewicz, M.K., 1976, An update to Wood's Bird-Bander's Guide: North American Bird Bander, v. 1, no. 1, p. 25-27.","productDescription":"25-27","startPage":"25","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":18170,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/NABB/v001n01/p0025-p0027.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":201963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db6840f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheppard, J.M.","contributorId":67183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheppard","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klimkiewicz, M. K.","contributorId":53490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klimkiewicz","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5220952,"text":"5220952 - 1976 - Mapping wetlands on beaver flowages with 35-mm photography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-15T01:46:07.654382","indexId":"5220952","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:16","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping wetlands on beaver flowages with 35-mm photography","docAbstract":"Beaver flowages and associated wetlands on the Chippewa National Forest, north-central Minnesota, were photographed from the ground and from the open side window of a small high-wing monoplane. The 35-mm High Speed Ektachrome transparencies obtained were used to map the cover-type associations visible on the aerial photographs. Nearly vertical aerial photos were rectified by projecting the slides onto a base map consisting ofcontrol points located by plane-table survey. Maps were prepared by tracing the recognizable stands of vegetation in the rectified projection at the desired map scale. Final map scales ranging from 1:260 to 1:571 permitted identification and mapping of 26 cover-type associations on 10 study flowages in 1971. This cover-mapping technique was economical and substituted for detailed ground surveys. Comparative data from 10 flowages were collected serially throughout the entire open-water season. Although developed for analysis of waterfowl habitat, the technique has application to other areas of wildlife management and ecological investigation.","language":"English","publisher":"Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club","usgsCitation":"Kirby, R., 1976, Mapping wetlands on beaver flowages with 35-mm photography: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 90, no. 4, p. 423-431.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"423","endPage":"431","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422597,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/345092"},{"id":198989,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b08e4b07f02db69bb73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirby, R.E.","contributorId":75871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5222800,"text":"5222800 - 1976 - Thermal adaptiveness of plumage color in screech owls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-16T09:51:59","indexId":"5222800","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:16","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal adaptiveness of plumage color in screech owls","docAbstract":"Clinal variation in the relative proportions of red and gray plum- age phases in Screech Owls (Otus asio) was analyzed by Owen (1963) and Marshall (1967). This variation was well known prior to Owen's work, but was misinterpreted (Baird, et al. 1874, Hasbrouck 1893, Allen 1893).]
Laurel VanCamp and Charles Henny (MS) have 30 years of data on a northern Ohio Screech Owl population. They observed an over- winter decline (from about 25% to 15%) in the proportion of red phase birds in the winter of 1951-52. This decline was correlated with a severe winter of above normal snowfall and below average temperatures. They examined banding and recovery data and found overwinter survival of red and gray birds to be the same except for this one severe winter when 44% more red phase birds were lost than grays (VanCamp and Henny MS). Differential mortality was reported by Gullion and Marshall (1968) for red and gray phase Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus) where snow conditions for roosting is apparently the critical factor for grouse overwinter survival and is related to predation. Snow- roosting has not, to our knowledge, been observed in Screech Owls. VanCamp and Henny (MS) discuss the observations of Ruffed Grouse and Screech Owls and suggest that possible thermoregulatory differences between red and gray phase birds could account for differential overwinter survival.
Our objective was to test for differences between color phase in oxygen uptake at several ambient temperatures. We hypothesized that oxygen uptake would be greater by red phase birds, especially at lower temperatures.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Mosher, J.A., and Henny, C.J., 1976, Thermal adaptiveness of plumage color in screech owls: The Auk, v. 93, no. 3, p. 614-619.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"614","endPage":"619","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341291,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4084961"}],"volume":"93","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a57e4b07f02db62e58f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mosher, James A.","contributorId":97475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mosher","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henny, Charles J. 0000-0001-7474-350X hennyc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-350X","contributorId":3461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"hennyc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":337176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221377,"text":"5221377 - 1976 - Lead in tissues of mallard ducks dosed with two types of lead shot","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-01T12:26:01.856704","indexId":"5221377","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:14","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lead in tissues of mallard ducks dosed with two types of lead shot","docAbstract":"Mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) were sacrificed one month after ingesting one number 4 all-lead shot or one number 4 lead-iron shot. Livers, kidneys, blood, wingbones, and eggs were analyzed for lead by atomic absorption. Necropsy of sacrificed ducks failed to reveal any of the tissue lesions usually associated with lead poisoning in waterfowl. Lead levels in ducks given all-lead shot averaged about twice those in ducks given lead-iron shot, reflecting the amount of lead in the two types of shot. Lead in the blood of ducks dosed with all-lead shot averaged 0.64 ppm, and 0.28 ppm in ducks given lead-iron shot. Lead residues in livers and kidneys of females given all-lead shot were significantly higher than in males. In both dosed groups, lead levels in wingbones of females were about 10 times those in males, and were significantly correlated with the number of eggs laid after dosage. Lead levels in contents and shells of eggs laid by hens dosed with all-lead shot were about twice those in eggs laid by hens dosed with lead-iron shot. Eggshells were found to best reflect levels of lead in the blood. Our results indicate that mallards maintained on a balanced diet and dosed with one lead shot may not accumulate extremely high lead levels in the liver and kidney. However, extremely high lead deposition may result in the bone of laying hens after ingesting sublethal amounts of lead shot as a result of mobilization of calcium from the bone during eggshell formation.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01685887","usgsCitation":"Finley, M.T., Dieter, M.P., and Locke, L.N., 1976, Lead in tissues of mallard ducks dosed with two types of lead shot: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 16, no. 3, p. 261-269, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01685887.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"269","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198404,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4893e4b07f02db520a30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finley, M. T.","contributorId":40297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finley","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dieter, M. P.","contributorId":89626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieter","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Locke, L. N.","contributorId":73539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5221368,"text":"5221368 - 1976 - The effects of orchard pesticide applications on breeding robins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:55","indexId":"5221368","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:14","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of orchard pesticide applications on breeding robins","docAbstract":"From 1966 through 1968, robins reproduced successfully in commercial apple orchards which were periodically sprayed with DDT, dieldrin, and other pesticides. Observations by a Z-man team using walkie-talkies revealed that breeding robins obtained essentially all food for themselves and nestlings from unsprayed areas adjacent to the orchards. Invertebrate trapping in sprayed and unsprayed areas showed that these food items were 5 or 6 times more abundant in unsprayed habitat. Worms forced to live in sprayed orchard soil displayed significantly greater mortality than controls. Mean robin clutch sizes in the study orchards were lower than those reported for robins in other studies, perhaps because of food shortage and/or increased foraging distances. Levels of DDT and its analogs in food items from robin foraging areas did not exceed 8 ppm wet weight basis. From late April to July, adult robins showed small but significant increases in DDE levels in all tissues examined, as well as an increase in dieldrin in brains. Pesticides sprayed on the farm had no direct demonstrable adverse effects on the robins; productivity was high and adult mortality low. The situation was in large measure fortuitous, since any changes in orchard management practices which resulted in the presence or availability of invertebrates under orchard trees would be expected to result in robin mortality and/or reduced breeding success.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Johnson, E., Mack, G., and Thompson, D., 1976, The effects of orchard pesticide applications on breeding robins: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 88, no. 1, p. 16-35.","productDescription":"16-35","startPage":"16","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":18121,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Wilson/v088n01/p0016-p0035.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":199186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699d39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, E.V.","contributorId":39080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"E.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mack, G.L.","contributorId":36654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, D.Q.","contributorId":50991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"D.Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5221374,"text":"5221374 - 1976 - Methylmercury: Second generation reproductive and behavioral effects of mallard ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-13T21:01:41.484524","indexId":"5221374","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:14","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methylmercury: Second generation reproductive and behavioral effects of mallard ducks","docAbstract":"Mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) whose parents were fed a diet containing 0.5 ppm mercury (equal to about 0.1 ppm mercury in a natural diet) also were fed a diet containing 0.5 ppm mercury beginning at 9 days of age and continuing through their reproductive season. Mercury in the eggs of treated hens averaged 0.86 ppm. Hens fed 0.5 ppm mercury made less efficient use of feed and laid a greater percentage of eggs outside nestboxes compared with controls. Hens fed mercury also produced fewer 1-week-old ducklings than did controls. There were no significant differences between controls and ducklings from parents fed 0.5 ppm mercury in approach responses to tape-recorded maternal calls, in avoidance of a frightening stimulus, or in open-field behavior. Ducklings from parents fed 0.5 pprn mercury did not grow as fast as did control ducklings.
","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3800567","usgsCitation":"Heinz, G.H., 1976, Methylmercury: Second generation reproductive and behavioral effects of mallard ducks: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 40, no. 4, p. 710-715, https://doi.org/10.2307/3800567.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"710","endPage":"715","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db627408","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinz, G. H.","contributorId":85905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5223478,"text":"5223478 - 1976 - Bird collections in the United States and Canada: Addenda and corrigenda","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-16T09:41:54","indexId":"5223478","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:14","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bird collections in the United States and Canada: Addenda and corrigenda","docAbstract":"Since publication of our report on the avian collections in the United States and Canada (Banks, Clench, and Barlow 1973, Auk 90: 136- 170) several changes and additions have come to our attention. In some cases, recent curatorial work has resulted in more accurate counts to replace previous estimates. Other collections have grown markedly in the last few years. Some important private or institutional collections have been transferred to other jurisdictions. Finally, we have received a few completely new reports from collections that were unknown to us or that were unresponsive to our original requests for information.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Clench, M., Banks, R., and Barlow, J., 1976, Bird collections in the United States and Canada: Addenda and corrigenda: The Auk, v. 93, no. 1, p. 126-129.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"126","endPage":"129","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199785,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18106,"rank":300,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4084838"}],"volume":"93","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a30e4b07f02db61675f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clench, M.H.","contributorId":10902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clench","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Banks, Richard C.","contributorId":20440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"Richard C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barlow, J.C.","contributorId":66814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5220972,"text":"5220972 - 1976 - Aging immature mourning doves by primary feather molt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-18T18:02:21.744823","indexId":"5220972","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:14","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aging immature mourning doves by primary feather molt","docAbstract":"This study was undertaken to document the timing of primary feather molt for aging purposes and to examine variability in rate of molt between years and between sexes of immature wild mourning doves (Zenaida macroura). We used capture records from a 7-year study on the Piedmont and Coastal Plain of North and South Carolina.
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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"40","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689106","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haas, G.H.","contributorId":78045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amend, S.R.","contributorId":60336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amend","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221376,"text":"5221376 - 1976 - Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase: Inhibition in ducks dosed with lead shot","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-12T18:54:42.472584","indexId":"5221376","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:14","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1561,"text":"Environmental Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"δ-Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase: Inhibition in ducks dosed with lead shot","title":"Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase: Inhibition in ducks dosed with lead shot","docAbstract":"Lead concentration in blood and erythrocyte delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity was measured in mallard ducks dosed with one all-lead shot or one lead-iron combination shot. For 2 weeks after dosage, lead in blood of ducks given an all-lead shot was fourfold higher than in those dosed with lead-iron shot. At 3 and 4 weeks, the differences in lead residues were directly proportional to lead content of the shots. ALAD activities measured at these intervals were inversely correlated (P < 0.01) with the concentration of lead in the blood, suggesting that biochemical responses to the two types of shot were dependent upon the quantity of lead present.","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0013-9351(76)90032-3","usgsCitation":"Finley, M.T., Dieter, M.P., and Locke, L.N., 1976, Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase: Inhibition in ducks dosed with lead shot: Environmental Research, v. 12, no. 2, p. 243-249, https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-9351(76)90032-3.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"249","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab2e4b07f02db66f3a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finley, M. T.","contributorId":40297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finley","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dieter, M. P.","contributorId":89626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieter","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Locke, L. N.","contributorId":73539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222229,"text":"5222229 - 1976 - Reproductive rate and temporal spacing of nesting of red-winged blackbirds in upland habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-16T09:49:48","indexId":"5222229","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:14","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproductive rate and temporal spacing of nesting of red-winged blackbirds in upland habitat","docAbstract":"The literature contains numerous studies on Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) reproduction. Francis (1971) summarized eight studies dealing with nesting success. These and other studies have also provided information on breeding chronology, clutch sizes, sex ratios, survival rates for eggs and nestlings, reproductive physiology, and other life history aspects of reproduction. With few exceptions, these studies have provided no data on the number of young fledged per female, per territorial male, or per unit area. This is especially true for upland nesting habitats where, at least in the midwestern United States, most Red-wings now nest (Graber and Graber 1963, Dyer et al. 1973). Also insufficient quantitative information is available on the extent and nature of renesting (i.e. nesting more than once in a nesting season) and on movements of adult females during the nesting season.
A better understanding of these aspects of reproduction is critical for the development of an accurate population-dynamics model for the species. Such a model is sorely needed to evaluate the impact and effectiveness of proposed population management strategies in places where blackbirds are deemed a health or safety hazard, or cause damage to agricultural crops (Tosh et al. 1970, Solman 1971, Stone et al. 1972).
This study had three objectives: (1) to determine the distribution, size, and number of Red-winged Blackbird territories for an old-field habitat; (2) to determine the number of nesting females, nesting success, extent of renesting, and number of young fledged for these territories; and (3) to examine movements of female Red-wings during the nesting season.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Dolbeer, R.A., 1976, Reproductive rate and temporal spacing of nesting of red-winged blackbirds in upland habitat: The Auk, v. 93, no. 2, p. 343-355.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"343","endPage":"355","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18109,"rank":300,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4085049"}],"volume":"93","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a55e4b07f02db62c819","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dolbeer, Richard A.","contributorId":99201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dolbeer","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5220969,"text":"5220969 - 1976 - Woodcock use of clearcut aspen areas in Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:07","indexId":"5220969","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:14","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Woodcock use of clearcut aspen areas in Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Clearcut areas in northern Wisconsin aspen (Populus spp., mostly P. tremuloides) forests were highly attractive to woodcock (Philohela minor) for feeding and night-roosting, and made excellent sites for woodcock trapping and banding. Woodcock use of clearcuts was extended for several years by annually removing vegetation from trails with a bulldozer. A continued high demand for aspen pulpwood may be important in maintaining woodcock nurnbers in the Great Lakes states.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Hale, J., and Gregg, L., 1976, Woodcock use of clearcut aspen areas in Wisconsin: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 4, no. 3, p. 111-115.","productDescription":"111-115","startPage":"111","endPage":"115","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":18113,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3780987","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":197208,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db5450ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hale, J.B.","contributorId":51410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hale","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gregg, L.E.","contributorId":70511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregg","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221150,"text":"5221150 - 1976 - White-tailed deer migration and its role in wolf predation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-18T18:10:44.26367","indexId":"5221150","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:14","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"White-tailed deer migration and its role in wolf predation","docAbstract":"Seventeen white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were radio-tagged in winter yards and tracked for up to 17 months each (881 locations) from January 1973 through August 1974 in the central Superior National Forest of NE Minnesota following a drastic decline in deer numbers. Ten vyolves (Canis lupus) from 7 packs in the same area were radiotracked before and/or during the same period (703 locations). Deer had winter ranges averaging 26.4 ha. Spring migration took place from 26 March to 23 April and was related to loss of snow cover. Deer generally migrated ENE in straight-line distances of 10.0 to 38.0 km to summer ranges. Two fawns did not migrate. Arrival on summer ranges was between 19 April and 18 May, and summer ranges varied from 48.1 to 410.4 ha. Migration back to the same winter yards took place in early December, coincident with snow accumulation and low temperatures. Social grouping appeared strongest during migration and winter yarding. Survival of the radio-tagged deer was studied through 1 May 1975. Four deer were killed by wolves, one was poached, and one drowned. Mean age of the captured deer was 5.4 years and estimated minimum survival after capture was 2.6 years, giving an estimated total minimum survival of 8.0 years. This unusually high survival rate appeared to be related to the fact that both winter and summer ranges of these deer were situated along wolf-pack territory edges rather than in centers. In addition, most summer ranges of the radio-tagged deer were along major waterways where the deer could escape wolves.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3799944","usgsCitation":"Hoskinson, R., and Mech, L., 1976, White-tailed deer migration and its role in wolf predation: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 40, no. 3, p. 429-441, https://doi.org/10.2307/3799944.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"429","endPage":"441","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194207,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69917c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoskinson, R.L.","contributorId":77618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoskinson","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221380,"text":"5221380 - 1976 - Organochlorine residues in three bat species from four localities in Maryland and West Virginia, 1973","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-20T13:12:32","indexId":"5221380","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:13","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3038,"text":"Pesticides Monitoring Journal","onlineIssn":" 0031-615","printIssn":" 0031-615","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organochlorine residues in three bat species from four localities in Maryland and West Virginia, 1973","docAbstract":"In 1973, 119 bats of three species were collected from four localities in Maryland and West Virginia. The collection included 43 big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus), 43 little brown brown bats (Myotis lucifugus), and 33 eastern pipistrelles (Pipistrellus subflavus). The bats were collected from Round Top Mountain, Washington Co., Md.; Trout Cave, Pendleton Co., W. Va.; Montpelier Barn, Prince Georges Co., Md. Residues of sigmaDDT were highest in carcasses of bats from Round Top Mountain, which is surrounded by apple orchards. Bats from Trout Cave had the lowest residues, a circumstance which probably reflects the absence of agriculture and industry in the area. A polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and oxychlordane were highest at Montpelier Barn. Sources of the PCB are unknown, but chlordane is used against termites and in gardening at nearby housing developments. Residues in bats from North East Methodist Church were low except for dieldrin. Among species, little brown bats usually had the highest residue concentrations in their carcasses, whereas big brown bats had the lowest. When DDE in carcass fat of all species was above 60-90 ppm, it became measurable in brain tissue. Above 60-90 ppm, DDE levels in brains rose with increasing levels in carcass lipids. Residues of the PCB tended to respond similarly. Residue levels in brains were greatest in little brown bats; the maximum level of the PCB, 7.9 Ppm, was more than twice that of DDE.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pesticides Monitoring Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.R., and Prouty, R.M., 1976, Organochlorine residues in three bat species from four localities in Maryland and West Virginia, 1973: Pesticides Monitoring Journal, v. 10, no. 2, p. 44-53.","productDescription":"44-53","startPage":"44","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197004,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269758,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26096130"}],"volume":"10","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a72b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, D. R. Jr.","contributorId":40928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"D.","suffix":"Jr.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prouty, R. M.","contributorId":31349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prouty","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221381,"text":"5221381 - 1976 - Organochlorine residues and reproduction in the big brown bat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-18T18:17:41.705645","indexId":"5221381","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:13","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organochlorine residues and reproduction in the big brown bat","docAbstract":"Twenty-six pregnant big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) were collected at Montpelier Barn, Laurel, Maryland, and kept in individual cages until parturition. Seven young in 5 litters were born dead; 21 litters contained only living young. Polychlorinated bipbenyl (PCB, Aroclor 1260) crossed the placenta two to three times more readily than did DDE. Concentrations of PCB were significantly greater in litters with dead young than in litters where both young were born alive. The concentration of PCB in adult females plus their litters declined with increasing age of the female.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3800422","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.R., and Lamont, T.G., 1976, Organochlorine residues and reproduction in the big brown bat: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 40, no. 2, p. 249-254, https://doi.org/10.2307/3800422.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"254","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198408,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a7c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, D. R. Jr.","contributorId":40928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"D.","suffix":"Jr.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamont, T. G.","contributorId":51252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamont","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5220997,"text":"5220997 - 1976 - Mathematical models for non-parametric inferences from line transect data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-06T13:11:11.423681","indexId":"5220997","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:11","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1039,"text":"Biometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mathematical models for non-parametric inferences from line transect data","docAbstract":"A general mathematical theory of line transects is developed which supplies a framework for nonparametric density estimation based on either right angle or sighting distances. The probability of observing a point given its right angle distance (y) from the line is generalized to an arbitrary function g(y). Given only that g(0) = 1, it is shown there are nonparametric approaches to density estimation using the observed right angle distances. The model is then generalized to include sighting distances (r). Let f(y I r) be the conditional distribution of right angle distance given sighting distance. It is shown that nonparametric estimation based only on sighting distances requires we know the transformation of r given by f(0 I r).","language":"English","publisher":"International Biometric Society","doi":"10.2307/2529501","usgsCitation":"Burnham, K., and Anderson, D., 1976, Mathematical models for non-parametric inferences from line transect data: Biometrics, v. 32, no. 2, p. 325-336, https://doi.org/10.2307/2529501.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"325","endPage":"336","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194063,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db60fff7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burnham, K.P.","contributorId":63760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, David R.","contributorId":8413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221378,"text":"5221378 - 1976 - Sublethal effects of chronic lead ingestion in mallard ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-12T16:38:35.044571","indexId":"5221378","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2480,"text":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sublethal effects of chronic lead ingestion in mallard ducks","docAbstract":"Mallard drakes (Anas platyrhynchos) fed 1, 5, or 25 ppm lead nitrate were bled and sacrificed at 3‐wk intervals. No mortality occurred, and the pathologic lesions usually associated with lead poisoning were not found. Changes in hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration did not occur. After 3 wk ducks fed 25 ppm lead exhibited a 40% inhibition of blood δ‐aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity that persisted through 12 wk exposure. After 12 wk treatment similar enzyme inhibition was present in the ducks fed 5 ppm lead. At 3 wk there was a small accumulation of lead (less than 1 ppm) in the liver and kidneys of ducks fed 25 ppm lead; no further increases occurred throughout the exposure. No significant accumulation of lead occurred in the tibiae or wing bones. Groups of ducks fed 5 and 25 ppm diets for 12 wk were placed on clean feed and examined through a 12 wk posttreatment period. After 3 wk on clean diet δ‐aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity and lead concentrations in the blood had returned to pretreatment levels. Even though lead concentrations in the blood, soft organs, and bone were low, a highly significant negative correlation between blood lead and blood enzyme activity was obtained. This enzyme bioassay should provide a sensitive and precise estimate for monitoring lead in the blood for waterfowl.