{"pageNumber":"5379","pageRowStart":"134450","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184769,"records":[{"id":70011752,"text":"70011752 - 1982 - Solidification of basaltic magma during flow in a dike","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-08T17:49:26.619179","indexId":"70011752","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solidification of basaltic magma during flow in a dike","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Science","doi":"10.2475/ajs.282.6.856","usgsCitation":"Delaney, P.T., and Pollard, D.D., 1982, Solidification of basaltic magma during flow in a dike: American Journal of Science, v. 282, no. 6, p. 856-885, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.282.6.856.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"856","endPage":"885","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221197,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"282","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b923fe4b08c986b319db0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delaney, Paul T.","contributorId":15195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delaney","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollard, David D.","contributorId":38549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollard","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70011751,"text":"70011751 - 1982 - Variation in sand body types on the eastern Bering Sea epicontinental shelf.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:27","indexId":"70011751","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1794,"text":"Geologie en Mijnbouw","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation in sand body types on the eastern Bering Sea epicontinental shelf.","docAbstract":"The eastern epicontinental shelf of the Bering Sea is characterized by variations in river and glacial sediment supply, wave energy, tidal range (microtidal to mesotidal), and tidal, geostrophic, and storm-induced currents. These factors, combined with the effect of the Holocene rise in sea level, have resulted in the formation of a complex assemblage of generally linear sand bodies of similar morphology anad lithology, but different origins. The sand bodies are large features found from the present shoreline to tens of kilometers offshore, in water depths up to 50m. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologie en Mijnbouw","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Nelson, C., Dupre, W., Field, M., and Howard, J., 1982, Variation in sand body types on the eastern Bering Sea epicontinental shelf.: Geologie en Mijnbouw, v. 61, no. 1, p. 37-48.","startPage":"37","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc164e4b08c986b32a555","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, C.H.","contributorId":88346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dupre, W.R.","contributorId":57540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dupre","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Field, M.E.","contributorId":27052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Howard, J.D.","contributorId":103413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70011433,"text":"70011433 - 1982 - Earthquakes and plate tectonics.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:31","indexId":"70011433","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1976,"text":"Impact of Science on Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquakes and plate tectonics.","docAbstract":"Earthquakes occur at the following three kinds of plate boundary: ocean ridges where the plates are pulled apart, margins where the plates scrape past one another, and margins where one plate is thrust under the other. Thus, we can predict the general regions on the earth's surface where we can expect large earthquakes in the future. We know that each year about 140 earthquakes of magnitude 6 or greater will occur within this area which is 10% of the earth's surface. But on a worldwide basis we cannot say with much accuracy when these events will occur. The reason is that the processes in plate tectonics have been going on for millions of years. Averaged over this interval, plate motions amount to several mm per year. But at any instant in geologic time, for example the year 1982, we do not know, exactly where we are in the worldwide cycle of strain build-up and strain release. Only by monitoring the stress and strain in small areas, for instance, the San Andreas fault, in great detail can we hope to predict when renewed activity in that part of the plate tectonics arena is likely to take place. -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Impact of Science on Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00192872","usgsCitation":"Spall, H., 1982, Earthquakes and plate tectonics.: Impact of Science on Society, v. 32, no. 1, p. 25-28.","startPage":"25","endPage":"28","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221233,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0510e4b0c8380cd50c4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spall, H.","contributorId":99290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spall","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70011432,"text":"70011432 - 1982 - Sediment deposition in a flood retention structure after two record floods in southwestern Wisconsin.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-15T20:53:03","indexId":"70011432","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2456,"text":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment deposition in a flood retention structure after two record floods in southwestern Wisconsin.","docAbstract":"Sediment deposited in a flood-control structure was measured after record floods in SW Wisconsin on June 17 and June 30-July 1, 1978. The structure is in the Driftless Area, where high relief, erodible soils, and land use contribute to high soil losses. The two floods deposited 4.1 acre-ft of sediment in the structure.-from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Soil and Water Conservation Society","usgsCitation":"Kammerer, P., and Batten, W.G., 1982, Sediment deposition in a flood retention structure after two record floods in southwestern Wisconsin.: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, v. 37, no. 5, p. 302-304.","startPage":"302","endPage":"304","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221173,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269420,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jswconline.org/content/37/5/302.abstract"}],"volume":"37","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8975e4b08c986b316de6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kammerer, P.A. Jr.","contributorId":39804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kammerer","given":"P.A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Batten, W. G.","contributorId":89504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batten","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":361091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70011512,"text":"70011512 - 1982 - Carbonate porosity versus depth: A predictable relation for south Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-11T12:44:09.232528","indexId":"70011512","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbonate porosity versus depth: A predictable relation for south Florida","docAbstract":"<p>This study examines the porosity of limestones and dolomites in the South Florida basin. Porosity data are derived from borehole-gravity measurements and from suites of acoustic, neutron, and density logs. Both types of wire-line measurements sample large volumes of rock relative to petrographic methods and can be examined at vertical scales approaching those of aquifers and hydrocarbon reservoirs. Investigation depths range from the surface to about 18,000 ft (5,500 m) and span the transition from high-porosity near-surface carbonate sediments of Pleistocene age to much denser Mesozoic carbonate rocks with porosities of only a few percent.</p><p>Carbonate porosity in the South Florida basin was affected by a variety of diagenetic processes. However, a number of factors that could complicate porosity-depth relations are of limited importance in southern Florida. The basin contains little clastic material; present depths of burial are about equal to maximum depths of burial; the influences of tectonism, geopressures, and hydrocarbon accumulations are minimal.</p><p>Curves of porosity versus depth, reflecting large-scale porosity-loss processes in the subsurface, are derived for a composite carbonate section and for carbonate strata of different ages and compositions. The decrease of porosity with depth for a composite carbonate section representing a wide range of depositional environments and subsequent diagenetic histories can be characterized by the exponential function ^phgr = 41.73e<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>-z</sup>8197/ (ft) [^phgr = 41.73e<sup>-z</sup>2498/ (m)], where ^phgr is the porosity (%) and z is the depth below ground level (feet or meters). Average porosity is reduced by a factor of two in a depth interval of about 5,700 ft (1,740 m).</p><p>Carbonate strata of different ages that are buried to equal depths show no systematic porosity differences. This implies that the effect of time on porosity in these rocks is probably subordinate to that of burial depth. The data also show a faster than expected rate of porosity decrease with depth for rocks of Eocene age and younger. If it is assumed that the decrease in the volume of evaporites in these rocks indicates less saline pore fluids, porosity loss in shallow-water carbonates may be inversely related to the magnesium content of pore waters.</p><p>Dolomite porosity is lower than limestone porosity in the near surface, but does not decrease as rapidly with depth. Below about 5,600 ft (1,700 m), dolomite is more porous than limestone. It is hypothesized that most dolomitization occurred relatively early and either reduced original porosity or selectively favored lower-porosity limestones. With continued burial, dolomite was more resistant than limestone to associated porosity-reducing effects.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/03B5AC73-16D1-11D7-8645000102C1865D","issn":"01491423","usgsCitation":"Schmoker, J., and Halley, R.B., 1982, Carbonate porosity versus depth: A predictable relation for south Florida: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 66, no. 12, p. 2561-2570, https://doi.org/10.1306/03B5AC73-16D1-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2561","endPage":"2570","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221371,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.85584315482981,\n              28.645612618327064\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.85584315482981,\n              24.950972952443635\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.77389632621926,\n              24.950972952443635\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.77389632621926,\n              28.645612618327064\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.85584315482981,\n              28.645612618327064\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f36fe4b0c8380cd4b7f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmoker, J. W.","contributorId":69964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmoker","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halley, R. B.","contributorId":87941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halley","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70011765,"text":"70011765 - 1982 - Late Pleistocene- Holocene transgressive sedimentation in deltaic and non-deltaic areas of the northeastern Bering epicontinental shelf.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:32","indexId":"70011765","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1794,"text":"Geologie en Mijnbouw","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Pleistocene- Holocene transgressive sedimentation in deltaic and non-deltaic areas of the northeastern Bering epicontinental shelf.","docAbstract":"The distribution of late Pleistocene and Holocene surface sediments on the northern Bering Seafloor is patchy and dependent upon locations of seafloor bedrock and pre-late Pleistocene glacial debris, late Holocene river sediment influx, and modern strong bottom currents. Seafloor vibracores and high-resolution profiles record two different sedimentary environments in the northern Bering shelf: late Pleistocene-Holocene shoreline transgression in Chirikov Basin, and Holocene deposition from the Yukon River in Norton Sound.-from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologie en Mijnbouw","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Nelson, C., 1982, Late Pleistocene- Holocene transgressive sedimentation in deltaic and non-deltaic areas of the northeastern Bering epicontinental shelf.: Geologie en Mijnbouw, v. 61, no. 1, p. 5-18.","startPage":"5","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a451ae4b0c8380cd67037","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, C.H.","contributorId":88346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70011764,"text":"70011764 - 1982 - Geochemical indices of fine sediment transport, northwest Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-21T23:46:01.539707","indexId":"70011764","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical indices of fine sediment transport, northwest Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"<div><div id=\"12458437\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>The<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>210</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>Pb distribution, the clay mineralogy distribution, and the distribution of three trace metals, barium, lead, and manganese, in the sediments of the south Texas shelf are related to the dynamics of the sedimentary transport process.<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>210</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>Pb, whose concentration is time dependent, defines three loci of recent sediment accumulations. In addition, the variation of<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>210</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>Pb activity at the sediment-water interface delineates areas of terrestrial sedimentation from hemipelagic sedimentation. The clay mineralogy composition of the bottom and suspended sediments assists in defining the origin of the persistent nepheloid layer and bottom sediment. Barium, a major element used in drilling mud, tags sediment movement from areas of hydrocarbon exploration. Lead concentrations, anthropogenically introduced from urban areas, tag the sediment derived from the metropolitan complexes of coastal Texas. Manganese, because of diagenic mobilization, is concentrated in areas of very slow sediment accumulation. The distribution of these geochemical properties of the sediment are in direct response to the sediment regime of the shelf. Based on this data, a model of sediment transport and deposition which relates currents, wind, tides, sediment flux, and precipitation has been formulated. This model differs from the \"advective\" transport or convergent current schemes previously proposed for this shelf.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"SEPM","doi":"10.1306/212F7F3B-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","issn":"00224472","usgsCitation":"Holmes, C.W., 1982, Geochemical indices of fine sediment transport, northwest Gulf of Mexico: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 52, no. 1, p. 307-321, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F7F3B-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"321","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221390,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1644e4b0c8380cd550f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, C. W.","contributorId":36076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70011737,"text":"70011737 - 1982 - Periodic climate change on Mars: Review of evidence and effects on distribution of volatiles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-16T12:26:36.580688","indexId":"70011737","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Periodic climate change on Mars: Review of evidence and effects on distribution of volatiles","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id4\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id5\"><p>The polar regions of Mars preserve, in both their layering and their topography, a record of recent climate changes. Because of the coincidence of the growth of the northern seasonal cap with global dust storms, dust may be currently accumulating on the northern cap, but conditions at the poles will alternate with the precessional cycle. Deposition is also modulated by changes in eccentricity and obliquity, which interact complexly, affecting initiation of global dust storms, the stability of volatiles at the surface, and global wind regimes. Formation of spiral valleys and low undulations on the surface of the layered deposits may result from prefential sublimation of volatiles on sunward-facing slopes and condensation on the adjacent flats, with the rates also modulated by astronomically caused insolation variations. Lack of impact craters on the surface and lack of interruption of the layers by impact scars suggest that the polar deposits are no more than a few million years old. Older deposits may have been periodically removed, as indicated by etch-pitted terrain at the south pole and by superposition relations around the periphery of the present layered deposits. Evidence of ancient periodic climate changes that occurred before formation of the present layered terrain is fragmentary but includes pedestal craters, parallel moraine-like ridges, and etched ground at high latitudes. Perturbation of the orbital motions also results in adsorption and desorption of volatiles in the regolith, which leads to variations in atmospheric pressure and partial dehydration of the equatorial near-surface materials.</p></div></div></div></div><div id=\"preview-section-introduction\"><br></div><div id=\"preview-section-snippets\"><br></div><div id=\"preview-section-references\"><br></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(82)90121-X","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Carr, M.H., 1982, Periodic climate change on Mars: Review of evidence and effects on distribution of volatiles: Icarus, v. 50, no. 2-3, p. 129-139, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(82)90121-X.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"139","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480269,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.567.1978","text":"External Repository"},{"id":220786,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7697e4b0c8380cd781dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":361842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70011505,"text":"70011505 - 1982 - The effect of natural weathering on the chemical and isotopic compositions of biotites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-18T14:40:15.488216","indexId":"70011505","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of natural weathering on the chemical and isotopic compositions of biotites","docAbstract":"<p>The effect of progressive natural weathering on the isotopic (Rb-Sr, K-Ar, δD,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup><i>O</i>) and chemical (REE, H<sub>2</sub>O<sup>+</sup>) compositions of biotite has been studied on a suite of migmatitic biotites from the Chad Republic. During the early stages of weathering the Rb-Sr system is strongly affected, the hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions change markedly, the minerals are depleted in light REE, the water content increases by a factor of two, and the K-Ar system is relatively little disturbed. During intensive weathering the K-Ar system is more strongly disturbed than the Rb-Sr system.</p><p>Most of the isotopic and chemical modifications take place under nonequilibrium conditions and occur<span>&nbsp;</span><i>before</i><span>&nbsp;</span>newly formed kaolinite and/or smectite can be detected. These observations suggest that</p><ul class=\"list\"><li class=\"react-xocs-list-item\"><span class=\"list-label\">1.</span><p>(a) “protominerals” may form within the biotite structure during the initial period of weathering, and</p></li><li class=\"react-xocs-list-item\"><span class=\"list-label\">2.</span><p>(b) only when chemical equilibrium is approached in the weathering profile are new minerals able to form.</p></li></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(82)90115-6","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Clauer, N., O’Neil, J.R., and Bonnot-Courtois, C., 1982, The effect of natural weathering on the chemical and isotopic compositions of biotites: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 46, no. 10, p. 1755-1762, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(82)90115-6.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1755","endPage":"1762","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221292,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab39e4b08c986b322cdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clauer, Norbert","contributorId":79664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clauer","given":"Norbert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Neil, J. R.","contributorId":69633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bonnot-Courtois, C.","contributorId":90175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonnot-Courtois","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70011294,"text":"70011294 - 1982 - Age and petrology of the Kalaupapa Basalt, Molokai, Hawaii ( geochemistry, Sr isotopes).","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:30","indexId":"70011294","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2990,"text":"Pacific Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age and petrology of the Kalaupapa Basalt, Molokai, Hawaii ( geochemistry, Sr isotopes).","docAbstract":"The post-erosional Kalaupapa Basalt on East Molokai, Hawaii, erupted between 0.34 and 0.57 million years ago to form the Kalaupapa Peninsula. The Kalaupapa Basalt ranges in composition from basanite to lava transitional between alkalic and tholeiitic basalt. Rare-earth and other trace-element abundances suggest that the Kalaupapa Basalt could be generated by 11-17% partial melting of a light-REE-enriched source like that from which the post-erosional lavas of the Honolulu Group on Oahu were generated by 2-11% melting. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the lavas range from 0.70320 to 0.70332, suggesting that the variation in composition mainly reflects variation in the melting process rather than heterogeneity of sources. The length of the period of volcanic quiescence that preceded eruption of post-erosional lavas in the Hawaiian Islands decreased as volcanism progressed from Kauai toward Kilauea. - Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pacific Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00308870","usgsCitation":"Clague, D., 1982, Age and petrology of the Kalaupapa Basalt, Molokai, Hawaii ( geochemistry, Sr isotopes).: Pacific Science, v. 36, no. 4, p. 411-420.","startPage":"411","endPage":"420","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221225,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8e1e4b0c8380cd47f38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clague, D.A.","contributorId":36129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clague","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70011513,"text":"70011513 - 1982 - Incorporation of prior information on parameters into nonlinear regression groundwater flow models: 1. Theory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-05T13:18:02","indexId":"70011513","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incorporation of prior information on parameters into nonlinear regression groundwater flow models: 1. Theory","docAbstract":"<p><span>Prior information on the parameters of a groundwater flow model can be used to improve parameter estimates obtained from nonlinear regression solution of a modeling problem. Two scales of prior information can be available: (1) prior information having known reliability (that is, bias and random error structure) and (2) prior information consisting of best available estimates of unknown reliability. A regression method that incorporates the second scale of prior information assumes the prior information to be fixed for any particular analysis to produce improved, although biased, parameter estimates. Approximate optimization of two auxiliary parameters of the formulation is used to help minimize the bias, which is almost always much smaller than that resulting from standard ridge regression. It is shown that if both scales of prior information are available, then a combined regression analysis may be made.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR018i004p00965","usgsCitation":"Cooley, R.L., 1982, Incorporation of prior information on parameters into nonlinear regression groundwater flow models: 1. Theory: Water Resources Research, v. 18, no. 4, p. 965-976, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR018i004p00965.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"965","endPage":"976","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39f0e4b0c8380cd61aba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooley, Richard L.","contributorId":8831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooley","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70011891,"text":"70011891 - 1982 - Heat capacity and entropy of fayalite (Fe2SiO4) between 5.1 and 383 K: comparison of calorimetric and equilibrium valus for the QFM buffer reaction.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-14T09:55:53","indexId":"70011891","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heat capacity and entropy of fayalite (Fe2SiO4) between 5.1 and 383 K: comparison of calorimetric and equilibrium valus for the QFM buffer reaction.","docAbstract":"At 298.15 K, 017Cop and So are 131.9 and 151.0 J/(mole.K). Also 045DELTA Hof,298 = -1478.17 and 045DELTA Gof,298 = -1378.98 kJ/mole. The temperature dependence of the equilibrium constant for the quartz - fayalite - magnetite buffer reaction is thus calculated.-K.A.R.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Robie, R.A., Finch, C., and Hemingway, B.S., 1982, Heat capacity and entropy of fayalite (Fe2SiO4) between 5.1 and 383 K: comparison of calorimetric and equilibrium valus for the QFM buffer reaction.: American Mineralogist, v. 67, no. 5-6, p. 463-469.","startPage":"463","endPage":"469","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221322,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267370,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM67/AM67_463.pdf"}],"volume":"67","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2fefe4b0c8380cd5d210","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robie, R. A.","contributorId":71237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robie","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finch, C.B.","contributorId":30361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finch","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hemingway, B. S.","contributorId":7268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemingway","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70011892,"text":"70011892 - 1982 - Lead and strontium isotopes and related trace elements as genetic tracers in the Upper Cenozoic rhyolite-basalt association of the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-16T14:46:02.2975","indexId":"70011892","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lead and strontium isotopes and related trace elements as genetic tracers in the Upper Cenozoic rhyolite-basalt association of the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field","docAbstract":"<p><span>Supported by various field geologic and petrologic data, the contents of Pb, U, Th, Rb, and Sr and the isotopic compositions of Pb and Sr for upper Cenozoic volcanic rocks of the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field are consistent with the hypothesis of derivation of the basaltic and rhyolitic magmas by partial melting of distinct source regions in the upper mantle and lower crust, respectively. All the basalt samples analyzed but one have systematically lower values of&nbsp;</span><sup>207</sup><span>Pb/</span><sup>204</sup><span>Pb and&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup><span>Sr/</span><sup>86</sup><span>Sr than the rhyolites. The values of&nbsp;</span><sup>206</sup><span>Pb/</span><sup>204</sup><span>Pb are smaller, and&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup><span>Sr/</span><sup>86</sup><span>Sr are mostly larger than known values in oceanic basalts. In all but one case, the values of&nbsp;</span><sup>207</sup><span>Pb/</span><sup>204</sup><span>Pb are higher than expected from an extrapolation of known values in oceanic basalts to less radiogenic values of&nbsp;</span><sup>206</sup><span>Pb/</span><sup>204</sup><span>Pb. Because there are no xenoliths, phenocrysts are only moderate to sparse in abundance, REE patterns are low and flat at the radiogenic end of lead isotopic compositions, several values of Rb/Sr are low, and 80% of the basalt samples form a well-developed secondary isochron separate from the rhyolites, we favor an interpretation for basalt genesis wherein isotopic signatures of most mafic magmas were attained in a continental ‘keel’ of mantlelike character about 2.6 b.y. old or somewhat older attached to the crust, and these signatures were unaltered by magma passage through the crust. At the very least, the current data continue to cast serious doubt as to the inevitability of crustal contamination for basaltic magma intruding the continental environment and postulate that much can be learned about the mantle under continents through the study of continental basalts. One basalt unit with an unusually low value of&nbsp;</span><sup>207</sup><span>Pb/</span><sup>204</sup><span>Pb and an&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>86</sup><span>Ar less than 0.704 may represent subcontinental ‘keel’-derived magma that rose unaltered to the surface. Our data also are not consistent with formation of this rhyolite-basalt association primarily by such processes as crystal fractionation, separation of immiscible silicate liquids from a common parental magma, or fractional melting of a homogeneous source. Rather as a conceptual model, we envision large mafic intrusions to have been injected into the lower crust resulting in rhyolite generation through partial anatexis of the adjacent wall rocks which probably had a&nbsp;</span><sup>206</sup><span>Pb/</span><sup>204</sup><span>Pb &lt; 17 and&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup><span>Sr/</span><sup>86</sup><span>Sr &gt; 0.709; a model that has much in common with that proposed by Holmes (1931). All the other hypotheses listed have the necessary added complication that either the basalt or the rhyolite or both become contaminated after the two magma types separated, have problems accounting for the lack of igneous rocks of intermediate compositions or production of such large volumes of rhyolitic material (∼5000 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>), and fail to explain why rhyolitic magma is not a more common occurrence in the ocean basin. We appeal to bouyancy of rhyolites to generate a barrier for basalt magma migration and account for the great preponderance of rhyolite relative to basalt at the surface. Furthermore, the complex isotopic picture in the rhyolites indicates that many of these magmas interacted with the upper crustal geologic units that they traversed. The interactions involved diverse processes, probably including reacton with hydrothermal fluids or hydrothermally altered rocks at high levels as well as by contamination with Phanerozoic sedimentary and Precambrian crystalline rocks at deeper levels. At the very least, we feel our study adds a cautionary note to the currently increasingly popular hypothesis that differentiation of basalt or gabbro magmas to rhyolite or granite (as distinct from tonalite or dacite) is a common occurrence and is therefore an important continential building process. Models for formation of rhyolite and granite predominantly by reworking of crust (anatexis) must still be considered. The primitive Archean mantle of the region was characterized by higher Rb/Sr, U/Pb, and Th/U values than are typical of modern suboceanic mantle. The mantle residuum within the continental subcrustal lithosperic ‘keel’ that resulted from the Archean crustal differentiation event probably was depleted in Rb/Sr and U/Pb, and the crust was correspondingly enriched in these ratios. The crust probably was further differentiated by an Archean high-grade metamorphism, during or after the primary event, into a granulitic lower crust depleted in U/Pb and Rb/Sr and a lower-grade upper crust enriched in these ratios.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB087iB06p04785","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Doe, B.R., Leeman, W., Christiansen, R., and Hedge, C., 1982, Lead and strontium isotopes and related trace elements as genetic tracers in the Upper Cenozoic rhyolite-basalt association of the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 87, no. B6, p. 4785-4806, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB087iB06p04785.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"4785","endPage":"4806","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221323,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"B6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a45ade4b0c8380cd67474","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doe, B. R.","contributorId":52173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doe","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leeman, W.P.","contributorId":7841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leeman","given":"W.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christiansen, R.L. 0000-0002-8017-3918","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8017-3918","contributorId":25565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hedge, C. E.","contributorId":73611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedge","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70011893,"text":"70011893 - 1982 - Margaritasite: a new mineral of hydrothermal origin from the Pena Blanca uranium district, Mexico.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-14T09:52:09","indexId":"70011893","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Margaritasite: a new mineral of hydrothermal origin from the Pena Blanca uranium district, Mexico.","docAbstract":"Margaritasite, (Cs,K,H3O)2(UO2)2V2O8.nH2O (where Cs > K, H3O and n approx 1), a 10.514, b 8.425, c 7.25 A, beta 106.01o, P21/a, Z = 2, is a newly recognized uranium ore mineral named for the Margaritas deposit, Pena Blanca uranium district, Chihuahua, Mexico, at which it was discovered. A Cs-rich analogue of carnotite, margaritasite is the natural equivalent of synthetic Cs-uranyl vanadate (A.M. 43- 799, 50-825). A fine-grained yellow mineral, it is most easily distinguished from carnotite by XRD; X-ray powder patterns (CuKalpha radiation) show that the (001) reflection of margaritasite lies at 12.7o (2theta ), while that of carnotite is found at 13.8o (2theta ). The shift of the (001) reflection in margaritasite reflects the structural changes caused when Cs occupies the sites filled by K in carnotite. Synthesis experiments indicate that margaritasite also differs from carnotite in a higher-T hydrothermal origin. Chemical analyses and XRD data for margaritasite and synthetic Cs- carnotite, and chemical analyses for rocks from Sierra Pena Blanca and vicinity, are tabulated.-J.A.Z.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Wenrich, K., Modreski, P., Zielinski, R.A., and Seeley, J.L., 1982, Margaritasite: a new mineral of hydrothermal origin from the Pena Blanca uranium district, Mexico.: American Mineralogist, v. 67, no. 11-12, p. 1273-1289.","startPage":"1273","endPage":"1289","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221324,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267367,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM67/AM67_1273.pdf"}],"volume":"67","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a51c3e4b0c8380cd6bf0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wenrich, K. J.","contributorId":40203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wenrich","given":"K. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Modreski, P.J.","contributorId":98335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Modreski","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zielinski, R. A. 0000-0002-4047-5129","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":106930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":362232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seeley, J. L.","contributorId":57864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seeley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70011454,"text":"70011454 - 1982 - International Geomagnetic Reference Field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-25T11:13:50.452002","indexId":"70011454","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2310,"text":"Journal of Geomagnetism & Geoelectricity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"International Geomagnetic Reference Field","docAbstract":"<div id=\"article-overiew-abstract-wrap\"><p class=\"global-para-14\">In August 1981 the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy revised the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF). It is the second revision since the inception of the IGRF in 1968. The revision extends the earlier series of IGRF models from 1980 to 1985, introduces a new series of definitive models for 1965-1975, and defines a provisional reference field for 1975-1980. The revision consists of: (1) a model of the main geomagnetic field at 1980.0, not continuous with the earlier series of IGRF models, together with a forecast model of the secular variation of the main field during 1980-1985; (2) definitive models of the main field at 1965.0, 1970.0, and 1975.0, with linear interpolation of the model coefficients specified for intervening dates; and (3) a provisional reference field for 1975-1980, defined as the linear interpolation of the 1975 and 1980 main-field models. The new models are series of solid spherical harmonics up to and including the tenth degree and order for the main-field models, and up to and including the eighth degree and order for the secular variation model. The models were derived from three sets of proposed models by taking weighted means. The weights were chosen according to the apparent accuracy of the proposed models. A brief history of the IGRF, a review of basic formulas, and a set of world contour maps of the geomagnetic elements based on the IGRF 1980 model are included.</p></div><div id=\"datarepo-wrap\"><br></div><div id=\"article-overiew-references-wrap\"><br></div>","language":"English","publisher":"J-STAGE","doi":"10.5636/jgg.34.309","usgsCitation":"Peddie, N., 1982, International Geomagnetic Reference Field: Journal of Geomagnetism & Geoelectricity, v. 34, no. 6, p. 309-326, https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.34.309.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"309","endPage":"326","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480273,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.34.309","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":221528,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d33e4b0c8380cd6339c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peddie, N.W.","contributorId":75911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peddie","given":"N.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70011242,"text":"70011242 - 1982 - Assessment of models proposed for the 1981 revision of the IGRF","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-25T11:20:18.426624","indexId":"70011242","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2310,"text":"Journal of Geomagnetism & Geoelectricity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of models proposed for the 1981 revision of the IGRF","docAbstract":"<p><span>For the second revision of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF), the U. S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the U. K. Institute of Geological Sciences (IGS), and the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) submitted proposed models of the Earth's main magnetic field at 1965.0, 1970.0, 1975.0, and 1980.0, and its secular variation during 1980-1985. We assessed the proposed models by comparing them with annual mean values from worldwide magnetic observatories, data for 1978-1980 from 63 U. S. magnetic repeat stations, and rates-of-change values for worldwide magnetic observatories for 1965-1985 that were derived from straight lines fitted to annual means for five-year intervals. We also mutually compared the 1980 models.</span><br></p>","language":"English","publisher":"J-STAGE","doi":"10.5636/jgg.34.387","usgsCitation":"Peddie, N., and Fabiano, E., 1982, Assessment of models proposed for the 1981 revision of the IGRF: Journal of Geomagnetism & Geoelectricity, v. 34, no. 6, p. 387-392, https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.34.387.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"387","endPage":"392","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480272,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.34.387","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":221433,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee41e4b0c8380cd49c5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peddie, N.W.","contributorId":75911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peddie","given":"N.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fabiano, E.B.","contributorId":32251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fabiano","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70011511,"text":"70011511 - 1982 - Uranium-series disequilibrium data for tooth fragments from the fossil hominid site at Ternifine, Algeria.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:30","indexId":"70011511","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3436,"text":"South African Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uranium-series disequilibrium data for tooth fragments from the fossil hominid site at Ternifine, Algeria.","docAbstract":"I report here analyses of elephant molar-tooth fragments that were submitted by the late K.P.Oakley for uranium-series dating. The tooth fragments were collected by the late C. Arambourg from Pleistocene sand in association with the hominid fossils of Ternifine Man, Algeria. Of the results reported the minimum age of over 360 000 yr BP for the enamel appears to be the most reliable. -Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"South African Journal of Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00382353","usgsCitation":"Szabo, B.J., 1982, Uranium-series disequilibrium data for tooth fragments from the fossil hominid site at Ternifine, Algeria.: South African Journal of Science, v. 78, no. 5.","startPage":"205","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221370,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbe00e4b08c986b32935c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Szabo, Barney J.","contributorId":6848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Barney","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70011637,"text":"70011637 - 1982 - Glass frit nebulizer for atomic spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-12T20:52:55","indexId":"70011637","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Glass frit nebulizer for atomic spectrometry","docAbstract":"The nebuilizatlon of sample solutions Is a critical step In most flame or plasma atomic spectrometrlc methods. A novel nebulzatlon technique, based on a porous glass frit, has been Investigated. Basic operating parameters and characteristics have been studied to determine how thte new nebulizer may be applied to atomic spectrometrlc methods. The results of preliminary comparisons with pneumatic nebulizers Indicate several notable differences. The frit nebulizer produces a smaller droplet size distribution and has a higher sample transport efficiency. The mean droplet size te approximately 0.1 ??m, and up to 94% of the sample te converted to usable aerosol. The most significant limitations In the performance of the frit nebulizer are the stow sample equMbratton time and the requirement for wash cycles between samples. Loss of solute by surface adsorption and contamination of samples by leaching from the glass were both found to be limitations only In unusual cases. This nebulizer shows great promise where sample volume te limited or where measurements require long nebullzatlon times.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Analytical Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/ac00241a009","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Layman, L.R., 1982, Glass frit nebulizer for atomic spectrometry: Analytical Chemistry, v. 54, no. 4, p. 638-642, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00241a009.","startPage":"638","endPage":"642","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221246,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269220,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00241a009"}],"volume":"54","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2929e4b0c8380cd5a6fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Layman, L. R.","contributorId":40640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Layman","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1004127,"text":"1004127 - 1982 - Chlamydiosis in 2 biologists investigating disease occurrences in wild waterfowl","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-27T16:52:57","indexId":"1004127","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chlamydiosis in 2 biologists investigating disease occurrences in wild waterfowl","docAbstract":"<p>Chlamydiosis (ornithosis, psittacosis) is an infectious disease of birds that can be transmitted to humans. Human infections are probably acquired by inhalation of aerosols containing elementary bodies of the causative agent <i>Chlamydia psittaci</i>, from bird droppings, or from tissues. Infected birds do not have to be ill to transmit the organism (Schachter and Dawson 1978). The disease in humans is considered an occupational risk for people working with pet birds (particularly psittacine species) and poultry, but all avian species can be considered as potential reservoirs (Schachter and Dawson 1978). Burkhart and Page (1971) listed &gt;130 species of wild birds as being infected.</p><p>The purpose of this report is to draw the disease to the attention of those working with wild birds by describing 2 cases acquired from wild waterfowl and by reviewing other information on human infections associated with wild birds. We do this because the disease can be serious if not treated properly, and because the disease is not usually associated with wild birds the diagnosis may not be considered by physicians without some prompting from the patient.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Wobeser, G., and Brand, C.J., 1982, Chlamydiosis in 2 biologists investigating disease occurrences in wild waterfowl: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 10, no. 2, p. 170-172.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"170","endPage":"172","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15346,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3781740","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"3554.000000000000000"}],"country":"Canada, United 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 \"}}]}","volume":"10","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49c2e4b07f02db5d3cf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wobeser, Gary","contributorId":120268,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wobeser","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13248,"text":"University of Saskatchewan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":315230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brand, Christopher J. cbrand@usgs.gov","contributorId":1186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brand","given":"Christopher","email":"cbrand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":315231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015350,"text":"1015350 - 1982 - [Book review] Fish, pathogens and environment in European polyculture, edited by J. Olah, K. Molnar, and Z. Jeney","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-11T17:16:22","indexId":"1015350","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1647,"text":"Fish Health News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] Fish, pathogens and environment in European polyculture, edited by J. Olah, K. Molnar, and Z. Jeney","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fish Health News","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"648/FH","usgsCitation":"Anderson, D.P., 1982, [Book review] Fish, pathogens and environment in European polyculture, edited by J. Olah, K. Molnar, and Z. Jeney: Fish Health News, v. 11, no. 1, 2.","productDescription":"p. iii","startPage":"iii","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1, 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66769d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, D. P.","contributorId":32469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70011573,"text":"70011573 - 1982 - Effects of offshore oil drilling on Philippine reef corals.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:31","indexId":"70011573","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1106,"text":"Bulletin of Marine Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of offshore oil drilling on Philippine reef corals.","docAbstract":"An offshore drilling site in an area of extensive live-coral bottom off NW Palawan Island, Philippines, was examined 15 months after well completion. Porites lutea growth rates showed that little suppression of head coral growth could be attributed to drilling. Diver observation, however, together with analysis of sampling transect photomosaics, revealed 70-90% reduction in foliose, branching, and plate-like corals in an iron-stained area that extended out from the wellheads in a 115 X 85-m ellipse.-from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Marine Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00074977","usgsCitation":"Hudson, J., Shinn, E., and Robbin, D., 1982, Effects of offshore oil drilling on Philippine reef corals.: Bulletin of Marine Science, v. 32, no. 4, p. 890-908.","startPage":"890","endPage":"908","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221300,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0771e4b0c8380cd516da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hudson, J.H.","contributorId":102505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shinn, E.A.","contributorId":38610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinn","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robbin, D.M.","contributorId":101384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbin","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70011589,"text":"70011589 - 1982 - Rapid intrusion of magma into wet rock: Groundwater flow due to pore pressure increases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-16T15:04:29.069009","indexId":"70011589","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid intrusion of magma into wet rock: Groundwater flow due to pore pressure increases","docAbstract":"<p><span>Analytical and numerical solutions are developed to simulate the pressurization, expansion, and flow of groundwater contained within saturated, intact host rocks subject to sudden heating from the planar surface of an igneous intrusion. For most rocks, water diffuses more rapidly than heat, assuring that groundwater is not heated along a constant-volume pressure path and that thermal expansion and pressurization adjacent to the intrusion drives a flow that extends well beyond the heated region. The forcing parameter for pressurization and flow is α Δ</span><i>T</i><span>, where α is a thermal expansion coefficient reflecting the overall expansion of water heated through the temperature difference Δ</span><i>T</i><span>&nbsp;between the initial ambient and intrusive values. Pore pressure increases due to heating are greatest when the intrusion is emplaced rapidly and where the intrusive contact is impervious to groundwater contained in stiff, impermeable rocks with high thermal diffusivities and porosities. The maximum velocity of water flowing in pores decays with the inverse square root of time and is insensitive to hydraulic properties of the host rocks. Pressures are lessened and flow directions are reversed with the onset of hydrothermal convection. This occurs at times ranging from hours to weeks after onset of intrusion. As magma rises into near-surface rocks, steam can be generated. Solutions indicate that pressure increases and velocities are sensitive to the overall amount of expansion rather than the behavior of the water-steam transition. Both the overall thermal expansion coefficient α and the temperature difference Δ</span><i>T</i><span>&nbsp;are greater in shallow (&lt;1 km) environments than in deep (∼5 km) ones. Thus, for rocks with similar transport properties, pressure increases due to heating are greatest in shallow environments. Although solutions can be applied to rocks with a wide variety of properties, pressure increases are calculated for compliant quartz-rich sedimentary rocks with a porosities between 1 and 20% and permeabilities between 1 darcy and 1 μdarcy, subject to temperature increases of 500 and 1000 K at depths ranging from 0.1 to 5 km in a region of hydrostatic pressures and normal geothermal gradient. Such rocks, with porosities greater than 5%, permeabilities less than a 0.1 mdarcy, and drained hydrostatic compressibilities of 10</span><sup>−4</sup><span>/MPa, undergo pressure increases greater than 10 MPa (100 bars)for conditions typical of water table depths of 2.5 km and heating to 500 K above ambient. Similar rocks, but with permeabilities less than 1 mdarcy, undergo pressure increases of 10 MPa for conditions typical of 1 km water table depth. Rocks commonly considered to be good aquifers undergo pressure increases of less than 1 MPa, primarily because of their high permeability. Although these estimates neglect the effects of fracturing and brecciation that may accompany such pressure increases, calculations indicate that pressure increases due to heating of cool groundwater can lead to failure of host rocks by a phreatic mechanism.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB087iB09p07739","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Delaney, P., 1982, Rapid intrusion of magma into wet rock: Groundwater flow due to pore pressure increases: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 87, no. B9, p. 7739-7756, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB087iB09p07739.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"7739","endPage":"7756","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221600,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94ebe4b0c8380cd816d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delaney, P.T.","contributorId":69980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delaney","given":"P.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70011503,"text":"70011503 - 1982 - Recommended procedures and techniques for the petrographic description of bituminous coals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-24T01:40:20.79803","indexId":"70011503","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recommended procedures and techniques for the petrographic description of bituminous coals","docAbstract":"<p>Modern coal petrology requires rapid and precise description of great numbers of coal core or bench samples in order to acquire the information required to understand and predict vertical and lateral variation of coal quality for correlation with coal-bed thickness, depositional environment, suitability for technological uses, etc. Procedures for coal description vary in accordance with the objectives of the description. To achieve our aim of acquiring the maximum amount of quantitative information within the shortest period of time, we have adopted a combined megascopic-microscopic procedure. Megascopic analysis is used to identify the distinctive lithologies present, and microscopic analysis is required only to describe representative examples of the mixed lithologies observed. This procedure greatly decreases the number of microscopic analyses needed for adequate description of a sample. For quantitative megascopic description of coal microlithotypes, microlithotype assemblages, and lithotypes, we use (V) for vitrite or vitrain, (E) for liptite, (I) for inertite or fusain, (M) for mineral layers or lenses other than iron sulfide, (S) for iron sulfide, and (X<sub>1</sub>), (X<sub>2</sub>), etc. for mixed lithologies. Microscopic description is expressed in terms of V representing the vitrinite maceral group, E the exinite group, I the inertinite group, and M mineral components. volume percentages are expressed as subscripts. Thus (V)<sub>20</sub>(V<sub>80</sub>E<sub>10</sub>I<sub>5</sub>M<sub>5</sub>)<sub>80</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>indicates a lithotype or assemblage of microlithotypes consisting of 20 vol. % vitrite and 80% of a mixed lithology having a modal maceral composition V<sub>80</sub>E<sub>10</sub>I<sub>5</sub>M<sub>5</sub>. This bulk composition can alternatively be recalculated and described as V<sub>84</sub>E<sub>8</sub>I<sub>4</sub>M<sub>4</sub>. To generate these quantitative data rapidly and accurately, we utilize an automated image analysis system (AIAS). Plots of VEIM data on easily constructed ternary diagrams provide readily comprehended illustrations of the range of modal composition of the lithologic units making up a given coal bed. The use of bulk-specific-gravity determinations is alo recommended for identification and characterization of the distinctive lithologic units.</p><p>The availability of an AIAS also enhances the capability to acquire textural information. Ranges of size of maceral and mineral grains can be quickly and precisely determined by use of an AIAS. We assume that shape characteristics of coal particles can also be readily evaluated by automated image analysis, although this evaluation has not yet been attempted in our laboratory.</p><p>Definitive data on the particulate mineral content of coal constitute another important segment of petrographic description. Characterization of mineral content may be accomplished by optical identification, electron microprobe analysis, X-ray diffraction, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Individual mineral grains in place in polished blocks or polished this sections, or separated from the coal matrix by sink-float methods are studied by analytical techniques appropriate to the conditions of sampling.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0166-5162(82)90003-9","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Chao, E.C., Minkin, J., and Thompson, C., 1982, Recommended procedures and techniques for the petrographic description of bituminous coals: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 2, no. 2, p. 151-179, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-5162(82)90003-9.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"179","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221239,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9698e4b0c8380cd820b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chao, E. C. T.","contributorId":96713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"C. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Minkin, J.A.","contributorId":38588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minkin","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, C.L.","contributorId":12189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70011812,"text":"70011812 - 1982 - The effect of sulfate on aluminum concentrations in natural waters: some stability relations in the system Al2O3-SO3-H2O at 298 K","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-09T19:51:33","indexId":"70011812","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of sulfate on aluminum concentrations in natural waters: some stability relations in the system Al2O3-SO3-H2O at 298 K","docAbstract":"<p>While gibbsite and kaolinite solubilities usually regulate aluminum concentrations in natural waters, the presence of sulfate can dramatically alter these solubilities under acidic conditions, where other, less soluble minerals can control the aqueous geochemistry of aluminum. The likely candidates include alunogen, Al<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>· 17H<sub>2</sub>O, alunite, KAl<sub>3</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>6</sub>, jurbanite, Al(SO<sub>4</sub>)(OH) · 5H<sub>2</sub>O, and basaluminite, Al<sub>4</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)(OH)<sub>10</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>· 5H<sub>2</sub>O. An examination of literature values shows that the log<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>K</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>sp</mn></msub><mtext>= &amp;#x2212;85.4</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">Ksp= −85.4</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>for alunite and log<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>K</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>sp</mn></msub><mtext>= &amp;#x2212;117.7</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">Ksp= −117.7</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>for basaluminite. In this report the log<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>K</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>sp</mn></msub><mtext>= &amp;#x2212;7.0</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">Ksp= −7.0</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>is estimated for alunogen and log<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-4-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>K</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>sp</mn></msub><mtext>= &amp;#x2212;17.8</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">Ksp= −17.8</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>is estimated for jurbanite. The solubility and stability relations among these four minerals and gibbsite are plotted as a function of pH and sulfate activity at 298 K. Alunogen is stable only at pH values too low for any natural waters (&lt;0) and probably only forms as efflorescences from capillary films. Jurbanite is stable from<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-5-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>pH &amp;lt; 0</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">pH &lt; 0</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>up to the range of 3–5 depending on sulfate activity. Alunite is stable at higher pH values than jurbanite, up to 4–7 depending on sulfate activity. Above these pH limits gibbsite is the most stable phase. Basaluminite, although kinetically favored to precipitate, is metastable for all values of pH and sulfate activity. These equilibrium calculations predict that both sulfate and aluminum can be immobilized in acid waters by the precipitation of aluminum hydroxysulfate minerals.</p><p>Considerable evidence supports the conclusion that the formation of insoluble aluminum hydroxy-sulfate minerals may be the cause of sulfate retention in soils and sediments, as suggested by Adams and Rawajfih (1977), instead of adsorption.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(82)90168-5","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, D.K., 1982, The effect of sulfate on aluminum concentrations in natural waters: some stability relations in the system Al2O3-SO3-H2O at 298 K: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 46, no. 4, p. 681-692, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(82)90168-5.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"681","endPage":"692","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab50e4b08c986b322d6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":362014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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