{"pageNumber":"538","pageRowStart":"13425","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46677,"records":[{"id":70074652,"text":"70074652 - 2014 - Dynamics of submarine groundwater discharge and associated fluxes of dissolved nutrients, carbon, and trace gases to the coastal zone (Okatee River estuary, South Carolina)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-30T13:46:11","indexId":"70074652","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-30T08:28:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of submarine groundwater discharge and associated fluxes of dissolved nutrients, carbon, and trace gases to the coastal zone (Okatee River estuary, South Carolina)","docAbstract":"Multiple techniques, including thermal infrared aerial remote sensing, geophysical and geological data, geochemical characterization and radium isotopes, were used to evaluate the role of groundwater as a source of dissolved nutrients, carbon, and trace gases to the Okatee River estuary, South Carolina. Thermal infrared aerial remote sensing surveys illustrated the presence of multiple submarine groundwater discharge sites in Okatee headwaters. Significant relationships were observed between groundwater geochemical constituents and <sup>226</sup>Ra activity in groundwater with higher <sup>226</sup>Ra activity correlated to higher concentrations of organics, dissolved inorganic carbon, nutrients, and trace gases to the Okatee system. A system-level radium mass balance confirmed a substantial submarine groundwater discharge contribution of these constituents to the Okatee River. Diffusive benthic flux measurements and potential denitrification rate assays tracked the fate of constituents in creek bank sediments. Diffusive benthic fluxes were substantially lower than calculated radium-based submarine groundwater discharge inputs, showing that advection of groundwater-derived nutrients dominated fluxes in the system. While a considerable potential for denitrification in tidal creek bank sediments was noted, in situ denitrification rates were nitrate-limited, making intertidal sediments an inefficient nitrogen sink in this system. Groundwater geochemical data indicated significant differences in groundwater chemical composition and radium activity ratios between the eastern and western sides of the river; these likely arose from the distinct hydrological regimes observed in each area. Groundwater from the western side of the Okatee headwaters was characterized by higher concentrations of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon, dissolved organic nitrogen, inorganic nutrients and reduced metabolites and trace gases, i.e. methane and nitrous oxide, than groundwater from the eastern side. Differences in microbial sulfate reduction, organic matter supply, and/or groundwater residence time likely contributed to this pattern. The contrasting features of the east and west sub-marsh zones highlight the need for multiple techniques for characterization of submarine groundwater discharge sources and the impact of biogeochemical processes on the delivery of nutrients and carbon to coastal areas via submarine groundwater discharge.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2013.12.030","usgsCitation":"Porubsky, W., Weston, N., Moore, W., Ruppel, C., and Joye, S., 2014, Dynamics of submarine groundwater discharge and associated fluxes of dissolved nutrients, carbon, and trace gases to the coastal zone (Okatee River estuary, South Carolina): Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 131, p. 81-97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.12.030.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"97","numberOfPages":"17","ipdsId":"IP-051744","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281785,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281783,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.12.030"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Okatee River Estuary","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.95,32.26 ], [ -80.95,32.3 ], [ -80.9,32.3 ], [ -80.9,32.26 ], [ -80.95,32.26 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"131","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517035e4b05569d805a1d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Porubsky, W.P.","contributorId":32000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porubsky","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weston, N.B.","contributorId":33221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weston","given":"N.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, W.S.","contributorId":90875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruppel, C.","contributorId":82050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Joye, S.B.","contributorId":97266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joye","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70148067,"text":"70148067 - 2014 - Undersampling power-law size distributions: effect on the assessment of extreme natural hazards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-19T10:50:07","indexId":"70148067","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-29T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Undersampling power-law size distributions: effect on the assessment of extreme natural hazards","docAbstract":"<p>The effect of undersampling on estimating the size of extreme natural hazards from historical data is examined. Tests using synthetic catalogs indicate that the tail of an empirical size distribution sampled from a pure Pareto probability distribution can range from having one-to-several unusually large events to appearing depleted, relative to the parent distribution. Both of these effects are artifacts caused by limited catalog length. It is more difficult to diagnose the artificially depleted empirical distributions, since one expects that a pure Pareto distribution is physically limited in some way. Using maximum likelihood methods and the method of moments, we estimate the power-law exponent and the corner size parameter of tapered Pareto distributions for several natural hazard examples: tsunamis, floods, and earthquakes. Each of these examples has varying catalog lengths and measurement thresholds, relative to the largest event sizes. In many cases where there are only several orders of magnitude between the measurement threshold and the largest events, joint two-parameter estimation techniques are necessary to account for estimation dependence between the power-law scaling exponent and the corner size parameter. Results indicate that whereas the corner size parameter of a tapered Pareto distribution can be estimated, its upper confidence bound cannot be determined and the estimate itself is often unstable with time. Correspondingly, one cannot statistically reject a pure Pareto null hypothesis using natural hazard catalog data. Although physical limits to the hazard source size and by attenuation mechanisms from source to site constrain the maximum hazard size, historical data alone often cannot reliably determine the corner size parameter. Probabilistic assessments incorporating theoretical constraints on source size and propagation effects are preferred over deterministic assessments of extreme natural hazards based on historic data.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht","doi":"10.1007/s11069-013-1024-0","usgsCitation":"Geist, E.L., and Parsons, T.E., 2014, Undersampling power-law size distributions: effect on the assessment of extreme natural hazards: Natural Hazards, v. 72, no. 2, p. 565-595, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-1024-0.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"565","endPage":"595","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049313","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300546,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555c5ec9e4b0a92fa7eacc1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geist, Eric L. 0000-0003-0611-1150 egeist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":1956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"Eric","email":"egeist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parsons, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0582-4338 tparsons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0582-4338","contributorId":2314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Thomas","email":"tparsons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70074287,"text":"ofr20131237 - 2014 - National requirements for improved elevation data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-29T08:00:53","indexId":"ofr20131237","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-29T07:41:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1237","title":"National requirements for improved elevation data","docAbstract":"This report presents the results of surveys, structured interviews, and workshops conducted to identify key national requirements for improved elevation data for the United States and its territories, including coastlines. Organizations also identified and reported the expected economic benefits that would be realized if their requirements for improved elevation were met (appendixes 1–3). This report describes the data collection methodology and summarizes the findings. Participating organizations included 34 Federal agencies, 50 States and two territories, and a sampling of local governments, tribes, and nongovernmental orgnizations. The nongovernmental organizations included The Nature Conservancy and a sampling of private sector businesses. These data were collected in 2010-2011 as part of the National Enhanced Elevation Assessment (NEEA), a study to identify program alternatives for better meeting the Nation’s elevation data needs. NEEA tasks included the collection of national elevation requirements; analysis of the benefits and costs of meeting these requirements; assessment of emerging elevation technologies, lifecycle data management needs, and costs for managing and distributing a national-scale dataset and derived products; and candidate national elevation program alternatives that balance costs and benefits in meeting the Nation’s elevation requirements.  The NEEA was sponsored by the National Digital Elevation Program (NDEP), a government coordination body with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as managing partner that includes the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), among the more than a dozen agencies and organizations. The term enhanced elevation data as used in this report refers broadly to three-dimensional measurements of land or submerged topography, built features, vegetation structure, and other landscape detail.  Additional information about NEEA and its later use in the development of a 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) can be found at  http://nationalmap.gov/3DEP/index.html.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131237","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the National Geospatial - Intelligence Agency, and the Natural Resources Conservation Service","usgsCitation":"Snyder, G., Sugarbaker, L.J., Jason, A.L., and Maune, D.F., 2014, National requirements for improved elevation data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1237, Report: iv, 11 p.; Appendix 1: 142 p.; Appendix 2: 203 p.; Appendix 3: 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131237.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 11 p.; Appendix 1: 142 p.; Appendix 2: 203 p.; Appendix 3: 32 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-044391","costCenters":[{"id":498,"text":"Office of Land Remote Sensing (Geography)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281633,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131237.jpg"},{"id":281628,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1237/"},{"id":281629,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1237/pdf/of2013-1237.pdf"},{"id":281631,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1237/pdf/ofr2013-1237_app2.pdf"},{"id":281630,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1237/pdf/ofr2013-1237_app1.pdf"},{"id":281632,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1237/pdf/ofr2013-1237_app3.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 144.616667,13.233333 ], [ 144.616667,71.833333 ], [ -64.566667,71.833333 ], [ -64.566667,13.233333 ], [ 144.616667,13.233333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd689ee4b0b290851022b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Gregory I. gsnyder@usgs.gov","contributorId":4069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Gregory I.","email":"gsnyder@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sugarbaker, Larry J. lsugarbaker@usgs.gov","contributorId":3079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sugarbaker","given":"Larry","email":"lsugarbaker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jason, Allyson L. ajason@usgs.gov","contributorId":5754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jason","given":"Allyson","email":"ajason@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maune, David F.","contributorId":34042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maune","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70048970,"text":"sir20135179 - 2014 - Trends in major-ion constituents and properties for selected sampling sites in the Tongue and Powder River watersheds, Montana and Wyoming, based on data collected during water years 1980-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-28T13:11:27","indexId":"sir20135179","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-28T12:52:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5179","title":"Trends in major-ion constituents and properties for selected sampling sites in the Tongue and Powder River watersheds, Montana and Wyoming, based on data collected during water years 1980-2010","docAbstract":"<p>The primary purpose of this report is to present information relating to flow-adjusted temporal trends in major-ion constituents and properties for 16 sampling sites in the Tongue and Powder River watersheds based on data collected during 1980–2010. In association with this primary purpose, the report presents background information on major-ion characteristics (including specific conductance, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium adsorption ratio, sodium, alkalinity, chloride, fluoride, dissolved sulfate, and dissolved solids) of the sampling sites and coal-bed methane (CBM) produced water (groundwater pumped from coal seams) in the site watersheds, trend analysis methods, streamflow conditions, and factors that affect trend results.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The Tongue and Powder River watersheds overlie the Powder River structural basin (PRB) in northeastern Wyoming and southeastern Montana. Limited extraction of coal-bed methane (CBM) from the PRB began in the early 1990’s, and increased dramatically during the late 1990’s and early 2000’s. CBM-extraction activities produce discharges of water with high concentrations of dissolved solids (particularly sodium and bicarbonate ions) relative to most stream water in the Tongue and Powder River watersheds. Water-quality of CBM produced water is of concern because of potential effects of sodium on agricultural soils and potential effects of bicarbonate on aquatic biota.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Two parametric trend-analysis methods were used in this study: the time-series model (TSM) and ordinary least squares regression (OLS) on time, streamflow, and season. The TSM was used to analyze trends for 11 of the 16 study sites. For five sites, data requirements of the TSM were not met and OLS was used to analyze trends. Two primary 10-year trend-analysis periods were selected. Trend-analysis period 1 (water years 1986–95; hereinafter referred to as period 1) was selected to represent variability in major-ion concentrations in the Tongue and Powder River watersheds before potential effects of CBM-extraction activities. Trend analysis period 2 (water years 2001–10; hereinafter referred to as period 2) was selected because it encompassed substantial CBM-extraction activities and therefore might indicate potential effects of CBM-extraction activities on water quality of receiving streams in the Tongue and Powder River watersheds. For sites that did not satisfy data requirements for the TSM, OLS was used to analyze trends for period 2 (if complete data were available) or a 6-year period (2005–10).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Flow-rate characteristics of CBM-produced water were estimated to allow general comparisons with streamflow characteristics of the sampling sites. The information on flow-rate characteristics of CBM-produced water in relation to streamflow does not account for effects of disposal, treatment, or other remediation activities on the potential quantitative effects of CBM-produced water on receiving streams. In many places, CBM-produced water is discharged into impoundments or channels in upper reaches of tributary watersheds where water infiltrates and does not directly contribute to streamflow. For Tongue River at State line (site 4) mean annual pumping rate of CBM-produced water during water years 2001–10 (hereinafter referred to as mean CBM pumping rate) was 6 percent of the mean of annual median streamflows during water years 2001–10 (hereinafter referred to as 2001–10 median streamflow). For main-stem Tongue River sites 5, 7, and 10, mean CBM pumping rate was 8–12 percent of 2001–10 median streamflow. For main-stem Powder River sites (sites 12, 13, and 16), mean CBM pumping rates were 26, 28, and 34 percent of 2001–10 median streamflows, respectively.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>For main-stem Tongue River sites analyzed by using the TSM and downstream from substantial CBM-extraction activities [Tongue River at State line (site 4), Tongue River at Tongue River Dam (site 5), Tongue River at Birney Day School (site 7), and Tongue River at Miles City (site 10)], generally small significant or nonsignificant decreases in most constituents are indicated for period 1. For period 2 for these sites, the TSM trend results do not allow confident conclusions concerning detection of effects of CBM-extraction activities on stream water quality. Detection of significant trends in major-ion constituents and properties for period 2 generally was infrequent, and direction, magnitudes, and significance of fitted trends were not strongly consistent with relative differences in water quality between stream water and CBM-produced water. The TSM indicated significant or generally large magnitude increases in median values of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), sodium, and alkalinity for period 2 for sites 5 and 7, which might indicate potential effects of CBM-extraction activities on stream water. However, other factors, including operations of Tongue River Reservoir, irrigation activities, contributions of saline groundwater, and operations of the Decker coal mine, confound confident determination of causes of detected significant trends for sites 5 and 7. For all mainstem Tongue River sites, trends for period 2 generally are within ranges of those for period 1 before substantial CBM-extraction activities.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>For main-stem Powder River sites analyzed by using the TSM [Powder River at Sussex (site 11), Powder River at Arvada (site 12), Powder River at Moorhead (site 13), and Powder River near Locate (site 16)], significant or generally large magnitude decreases in median values of SAR, sodium, estimated alkalinity, chloride, fluoride, specific conductance, and dissolved solids are indicated for period 1. Patterns in trend results for period 1 for main-stem Powder River sites are consistent with effects of Salt Creek oil-brine reinjection that started in 1990. Trend results for all main-stem Powder River sites downstream from substantial CBM-extraction activities (sites 12, 13, and 16) indicate evidence of potential effects of CBM-extraction activities on stream water quality, although evidence is stronger for sites 12 and 13 than for site 16. Evidence in support of potential CBM effects includes significant increases in median values of SAR, sodium, and estimated alkalinity for period 2 for sites 12, 13, and 16 that are consistent with relative differences between stream water and CBM-produced water. Significant increases in median values of these constituents for period 2 are not indicated for Powder River at Sussex (site 11) upstream from substantial CBM-extraction activities. In interpreting the trend results, it is notable that the fitted trends evaluate changes in median concentrations and also notable that changes in median concentrations that might be attributed to CBM-extraction activities probably are more strongly evident during low to median streamflow conditions than during mean to high streamflow conditions. This observation is relevant in assessing trend results in relation to specific water-quality concerns, including effects of water-quality changes on irrigators and effects on stream biota and ecology.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135179","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation, Water Management Bureau","usgsCitation":"Sando, S.K., Vecchia, A.V., Barnhart, E.P., Sando, R., Clark, M.L., and Lorenz, D.L., 2014, Trends in major-ion constituents and properties for selected sampling sites in the Tongue and Powder River watersheds, Montana and Wyoming, based on data collected during water years 1980-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5179, x, 123 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135179.","productDescription":"x, 123 p.","numberOfPages":"140","temporalStart":"1979-10-01","temporalEnd":"2010-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-041145","costCenters":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281609,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135179.jpg"},{"id":281606,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5179/"},{"id":281608,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5179/pdf/sir2013-5179.pdf"}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic Projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Montana;Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Powder River;Tongue River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.0,42.9725 ], [ -108.0,47.0 ], [ -104.502,47.0 ], [ -104.502,42.9725 ], [ -108.0,42.9725 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd79a3e4b0b2908510cf3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sando, Steven K. 0000-0003-1206-1030 sksando@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1206-1030","contributorId":1016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sando","given":"Steven","email":"sksando@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vecchia, Aldo V. 0000-0002-2661-4401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4401","contributorId":41810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"Aldo","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnhart, Elliott P. 0000-0002-8788-8393 epbarnhart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8788-8393","contributorId":5385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhart","given":"Elliott","email":"epbarnhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sando, Roy 0000-0003-0704-6258","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0704-6258","contributorId":3874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sando","given":"Roy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, Melanie L. mlclark@usgs.gov","contributorId":1827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Melanie","email":"mlclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lorenz, David L. 0000-0003-3392-4034 lorenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-4034","contributorId":1384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"David","email":"lorenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70073962,"text":"sir20135191 - 2014 - Simulated and observed 2010 flood-water elevations in selected river reaches in the Moshassuck and Woonasquatucket River Basins, Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-24T16:38:07","indexId":"sir20135191","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-24T16:31:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5191","title":"Simulated and observed 2010 flood-water elevations in selected river reaches in the Moshassuck and Woonasquatucket River Basins, Rhode Island","docAbstract":"<p>Heavy persistent rains from late February through March 2010 caused severe flooding and set, or nearly set, peaks of record for streamflows and water levels at many long-term U.S. Geological Survey streamgages in Rhode Island. In response to this flood, hydraulic models were updated for selected reaches covering about 33 river miles in Moshassuck and Woonasquatucket River Basins from the most recent approved Federal Emergency Management Agency flood insurance study (FIS) to simulate water-surface elevations (WSEs) from specified flows and boundary conditions. Reaches modeled include the main stem of the Moshassuck River and its main tributary, the West River, and three tributaries to the West River—Upper Canada Brook, Lincoln Downs Brook, and East Branch West River; and the main stem of the Woonasquatucket River. All the hydraulic models were updated to Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) version 4.1.0 and incorporate new field-survey data at structures, high-resolution land-surface elevation data, and flood flows from a related study.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The models were used to simulate steady-state WSEs at the 1- and 2-percent annual exceedance probability (AEP) flows, which is the estimated AEP of the 2010 flood in the Moshassuck River Basin and the Woonasquatucket River, respectively. The simulated WSEs were compared to the high-water mark (HWM) elevation data obtained in these basins in a related study following the March–April 2010 flood, which included 18 HWMs along the Moshassuck River and 45 HWMs along the Woonasquatucket River. Differences between the 2010 HWMs and the simulated 2- and 1-percent AEP WSEs from the FISs and the updated models developed in this study varied along the reach. Most differences could be attributed to the magnitude of the 2- and 1-percent AEP flows used in the FIS and updated model flows. Overall, the updated model and the FIS WSEs were not appreciably different when compared to the observed 2010 HWMs along the Woonasquatucket and Moshassuck Rivers.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135191","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security-Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Zarriello, P.J., Straub, D.E., and Westenbroek, S.M., 2014, Simulated and observed 2010 flood-water elevations in selected river reaches in the Moshassuck and Woonasquatucket River Basins, Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5191, Report: v, 35 p.; Tables 3 and 4; Appendix 1, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135191.","productDescription":"Report: v, 35 p.; Tables 3 and 4; Appendix 1","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042651","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281550,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135191.jpg"},{"id":281546,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5191/"},{"id":281547,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5191/pdf/sir2013-5191.pdf"},{"id":281548,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5191/tables/sir2013-5191_Tables3and4.xlsx"},{"id":281549,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5191/appendix/sir2013-5191_Appendix1.xls"}],"projection":"Polyconic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"East Branch West River;Lincoln Downs Brook;Moshassuck River Basin;Upper Canada Brook;West River;Woonasquatucket River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.698837,41.7498 ], [ -71.698837,42.022263 ], [ -71.29921,42.022263 ], [ -71.29921,41.7498 ], [ -71.698837,41.7498 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd72c5e4b0b29085108858","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zarriello, Phillip J. 0000-0001-9598-9904 pzarriel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9598-9904","contributorId":1868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zarriello","given":"Phillip","email":"pzarriel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Straub, David E. destraub@usgs.gov","contributorId":1908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Straub","given":"David","email":"destraub@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":489301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Westenbroek, Stephen M. 0000-0002-6284-8643 smwesten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6284-8643","contributorId":2210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westenbroek","given":"Stephen","email":"smwesten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70073955,"text":"sir20135193 - 2014 - Simulated and observed 2010 floodwater elevations in the Pawcatuck and Wood Rivers, Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-24T15:16:45","indexId":"sir20135193","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-24T15:08:39","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5193","title":"Simulated and observed 2010 floodwater elevations in the Pawcatuck and Wood Rivers, Rhode Island","docAbstract":"Heavy, persistent rains from late February through March 2010 caused severe flooding that set, or nearly set, peaks of record for streamflows and water levels at many long-term U.S. Geological Survey streamgages in Rhode Island. In response to this flood, hydraulic models of Pawcatuck River (26.9 miles) and Wood River (11.6 miles) were updated from the most recent approved U.S. Department of Homeland Security-Federal Emergency Management Agency flood insurance study (FIS) to simulate water-surface elevations (WSEs) for specified flows and boundary conditions. The hydraulic models were updated to Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) using steady-state simulations and incorporate new field-survey data at structures, high resolution land-surface elevation data, and updated flood flows from a related study. The models were used to simulate the 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability (AEP) flood, which is the AEP determined for the 2010 flood in the Pawcatuck and Wood Rivers. The simulated WSEs were compared to high-water mark (HWM) elevation data obtained in a related study following the March–April 2010 flood, which included 39 HWMs along the Pawcatuck River and 11 HWMs along the Wood River. The 2010 peak flow generally was larger than the 0.2-percent AEP flow, which, in part, resulted in the FIS and updated model WSEs to be lower than the 2010 HWMs. The 2010 HWMs for the Pawcatuck River averaged about 1.6 feet (ft) higher than the 0.2-percent AEP WSEs simulated in the updated model and 2.5 ft higher than the WSEs in the FIS. The 2010 HWMs for the Wood River averaged about 1.3 ft higher than the WSEs simulated in the updated model and 2.5 ft higher than the WSEs in the FIS. The improved agreement of the updated simulated water elevations to observed 2010 HWMs provides a measure of the hydraulic model performance, which indicates the updated models better represent flooding at other AEPs than the existing FIS models.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135193","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security-Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Zarriello, P.J., Straub, D.E., and Smith, T.E., 2014, Simulated and observed 2010 floodwater elevations in the Pawcatuck and Wood Rivers, Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5193, Report: v, 24 p.; 1 Excel document; 1 Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135193.","productDescription":"Report: v, 24 p.; 1 Excel document; 1 Appendix","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281527,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5193/pdf/sir2013-5193.pdf"},{"id":281526,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5193/"},{"id":281529,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5193/Tables/sir2013-5193_Tables3and4.xlsx"},{"id":281531,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5193/Appendix/sir2013-5193_Appendix1.xls"},{"id":281532,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135193.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Rhode Island State Plane Projection","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Pawcatuck River;Wood River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72,41.16 ], [ -72,41.75 ], [ -71.3,41.75 ], [ -71.3,41.16 ], [ -72,41.16 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd72c6e4b0b2908510885c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zarriello, Phillip J. 0000-0001-9598-9904 pzarriel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9598-9904","contributorId":1868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zarriello","given":"Phillip","email":"pzarriel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Straub, David E. destraub@usgs.gov","contributorId":1908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Straub","given":"David","email":"destraub@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":489278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Thor E. tesmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":3925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Thor","email":"tesmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70073954,"text":"sir20135192 - 2014 - Simulated and observed 2010 floodwater elevations in selected river reaches in the Pawtuxet River Basin, Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-24T15:17:33","indexId":"sir20135192","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-24T15:07:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5192","title":"Simulated and observed 2010 floodwater elevations in selected river reaches in the Pawtuxet River Basin, Rhode Island","docAbstract":"Heavy, persistent rains from late February through March 2010 caused severe flooding that set, or nearly set, peaks of record for streamflows and water levels at many long-term streamgages in Rhode Island. In response to this event, hydraulic models were updated for selected reaches covering about 56 river miles in the Pawtuxet River Basin to simulate water-surface elevations (WSEs) at specified flows and boundary conditions. Reaches modeled included the main stem of the Pawtuxet River, the North and South Branches of the Pawtuxet River, Pocasset River, Simmons Brook, Dry Brook, Meshanticut Brook, Furnace Hill Brook, Flat River, Quidneck Brook, and two unnamed tributaries referred to as South Branch Pawtuxet River Tributary A1 and Tributary A2. All the hydraulic models were updated to Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) version 4.1.0 using steady-state simulations. Updates to the models included incorporation of new field-survey data at structures, high resolution land-surface elevation data, and updated flood flows from a related study.\n\nThe models were assessed using high-water marks (HWMs) obtained in a related study following the March– April 2010 flood and the simulated water levels at the 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability (AEP), which is the estimated AEP of the 2010 flood in the basin. HWMs were obtained at 110 sites along the main stem of the Pawtuxet River, the North and South Branches of the Pawtuxet River, Pocasset River, Simmons Brook, Furnace Hill Brook, Flat River, and Quidneck Brook. Differences between the 2010 HWM elevations and the simulated 0.2-percent AEP WSEs from flood insurance studies (FISs) and the updated models developed in this study varied with most differences attributed to the magnitude of the 0.2-percent AEP flows. WSEs from the updated models generally are in closer agreement with the observed 2010 HWMs than with the FIS WSEs. The improved agreement of the updated simulated water elevations to observed 2010 HWMs provides a measure of the hydraulic model performance, which indicates the updated models better represent flooding at other AEPs than the existing FIS models.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135192","issn":"2328-0328","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security-Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Zarriello, P.J., Olson, S.A., Flynn, R.H., Strauch, K.R., and Murphy, E., 2014, Simulated and observed 2010 floodwater elevations in selected river reaches in the Pawtuxet River Basin, Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5192, Report: vii, 49 p.; Tables 3 and 4; Appendix 1, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135192.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 49 p.; Tables 3 and 4; Appendix 1","numberOfPages":"62","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281528,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5192/"},{"id":281530,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5192/tables/sir2013-5192_tables03-04.xls"},{"id":281534,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5192/appendix/sir2013-5192_apend01.xls"},{"id":281535,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135192.jpg"},{"id":281533,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5192/pdf/sir2013-5192.pdf"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Polyconic Projection","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Pawtuxent River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.75,41.5 ], [ -71.75,42.0 ], [ -71.25,42.0 ], [ -71.25,41.5 ], [ -71.75,41.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd72c5e4b0b2908510885a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zarriello, Phillip J. 0000-0001-9598-9904 pzarriel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9598-9904","contributorId":1868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zarriello","given":"Phillip","email":"pzarriel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olson, Scott A. 0000-0002-1064-2125 solson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1064-2125","contributorId":2059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Scott","email":"solson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flynn, Robert H. rflynn@usgs.gov","contributorId":2137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Robert","email":"rflynn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Strauch, Kellan R. 0000-0002-7218-2099 kstrauch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7218-2099","contributorId":1006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strauch","given":"Kellan","email":"kstrauch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murphy, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":69660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Elizabeth A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70048689,"text":"70048689 - 2014 - Validation of adipose lipid content as a body condition index for polar bears","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-14T13:09:34","indexId":"70048689","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-24T13:11:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Validation of adipose lipid content as a body condition index for polar bears","docAbstract":"Body condition is a key indicator of individual and population health. Yet, there is little consensus as to the most appropriate condition index (CI), and most of the currently used CIs have not been thoroughly validated and are logistically challenging. Adipose samples from large datasets of capture biopsied, remote biopsied, and harvested polar bears were used to validate adipose lipid content as a CI via tests of accuracy, precision, sensitivity, biopsy depth, and storage conditions and comparisons to established CIs, to measures of health and to demographic and ecological parameters. The lipid content analyses of even very small biopsy samples were highly accurate and precise, but results were influenced by tissue depth at which the sample was taken. Lipid content of capture biopsies and samples from harvested adult females was correlated with established CIs and/or conformed to expected biological variation and ecological changes. However, lipid content of remote biopsies was lower than capture biopsies and harvested samples, possibly due to lipid loss during dart retrieval. Lipid content CI is a biologically relevant, relatively inexpensive and rapidly assessed CI and can be determined routinely for individuals and populations in order to infer large-scale spatial and long-term temporal trends. As it is possible to collect samples during routine harvesting or remotely using biopsy darts, monitoring and assessment of body condition can be accomplished without capture and handling procedures or noninvasively, which are methods that are preferred by local communities. However, further work is needed to apply the method to remote biopsies.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.956","usgsCitation":"McKinney, M.A., Atwood, T.C., Dietz, R., Sonne, C., Iverson, S.J., and Peacock, E.L., 2014, Validation of adipose lipid content as a body condition index for polar bears: Ecology and Evolution, v. 4, no. 4, p. 516-527, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.956.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"516","endPage":"527","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-049018","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.956","text":"External Repository"},{"id":281500,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281499,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.956"}],"volume":"4","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52e38cdbe4b02f784791d16c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKinney, Melissa A.","contributorId":11496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKinney","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6619,"text":"University of Connecticutt","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":485429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Atwood, Todd C. 0000-0002-1971-3110 tatwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1971-3110","contributorId":4368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwood","given":"Todd","email":"tatwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dietz, Rune","contributorId":41741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietz","given":"Rune","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sonne, Christian","contributorId":28527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonne","given":"Christian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Iverson, Sara J.","contributorId":38471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peacock, Elizabeth L. 0000-0001-7279-0329 lpeacock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7279-0329","contributorId":3361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peacock","given":"Elizabeth","email":"lpeacock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70059787,"text":"sir20135239 - 2014 - Linkage of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool and the Texas Water Availability Model to simulate the effects of brush management on monthly storage of Canyon Lake, south-central Texas, 1995-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T13:15:08","indexId":"sir20135239","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-23T16:05:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5239","title":"Linkage of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool and the Texas Water Availability Model to simulate the effects of brush management on monthly storage of Canyon Lake, south-central Texas, 1995-2010","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board, developed and applied an approach to create a linkage between the published upper Guadalupe River Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) brush-management (ashe juniper [<i>Juniperus ashei</i>]) model and the full authorization version Guadalupe River Water Availability Model (WAM). The SWAT model was published by the USGS, and the Guadalupe River WAM is available from the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. The upper Guadalupe River watershed is a substantial component of the Guadalupe River WAM. This report serves in part as documentation of a proof of concept on the feasibility of linking these two water-resources planning models for the purpose of simulating possible increases in water storage in Canyon Lake as a result of different brush-management scenarios.</p>\n<p>The SWAT-WAM linkage for the upper Guadalupe River is documented with a principal objective to evaluate the distributional characteristics of the monthly water storage of Canyon Lake during selected drought conditions. Focus is on the relative evaluation of select scenarios of large-scale or &ldquo;extensive&rdquo; brush management within the upper Guadalupe River watershed. There are six SWAT simulations for the upper Guadalupe River watershed that include a baseline (0-percent management of treatable ashe juniper, the baseline scenario from a previous study in which no percentage of ashe juniper is numerically replaced with grassland) along with five scenarios (extensions of SWAT simulations from a previous study) of 20-, 40-, 60-, 80-, and 100-percent random (numerical) replacement of treatable ashe juniper with grasslands throughout the upper Guadalupe River watershed in south-central Texas.</p>\n<p>SWAT is a process-based, semidistributed, water-balance model designed to predict the effects of landscape management decisions on water yields. A watershed is subdivided into subbasins, and each subbasin is associated with a single reach on the stream network. In general a WAM, such as the Guadalupe River WAM, provides analysis of generalized water rights in a river and reservoir framework. A WAM accommodates hydrology and water usage through several input files containing water rights, watershed parameters, and naturalized streamflow time series. A WAM is generalized for application to rivers and reservoir systems, and input datasets are uniquely developed for a river basin of concern.</p>\n<p>The extractions of SWAT output for the five extensive brush-management and baseline scenarios were offset by &ndash;21 years and, in general, the results were then mapped to the WAM input-flow file. The offset of &ndash;21 years was chosen arbitrarily for technical reasons and means that the period of monthly record 1995&ndash;2010 of the upper Guadalupe River SWAT became the synthetic period of monthly record 1974&ndash;89, hereinafter 1974&ndash;89 (synthetic) period, of the Guadalupe River WAM.</p>\n<p>The relative (between scenario to baseline) effects of extensive brush-management scenarios by using the SWAT-WAM linkage were evaluated, and two critical intermediate results were total inflow to Canyon Lake from 1995 to 2010 and the monthly storage of Canyon Lake from 1974 to 1989 (synthetic). The first quartile or lower 25th percentile of monthly storage of Canyon Lake for the baseline scenario is 381,000 acre-feet (acre-ft) for the hereinafter 1974&ndash;89 (synthetic) period. This lower quartile was chosen for analysis for two critical purposes. First, Canyon Lake is managed with a conservation pool of about 386,200 acre-ft capacity (as recognized by the WAM) and is at or near conservation capacity about 50 percent or more of the time; further, there is intrinsic data censoring that occurs for the monthly storage distribution because Canyon Lake is at or near conservation pool elevation the majority of the time. This intrinsic censoring has the effect of creating a bounded distribution with a left or low-volume tail. Statistical assessment of the brush-management scenarios beginning with the 381,000 acre-ft censoring threshold provides readily interpretable results. Second, the quantification of brush management during periods lacking abundant rainfall, which were defined in this study as months for which Canyon Lake storage was below the 25th percentile for the simulation period, are of substantial interest to water-resource managers and stakeholders in the context of water-supply enhancement.</p>\n<p>A statistical assessment of the SWAT-WAM linkage for the low-volume tail of the distribution of monthly storage of Canyon Lake is the focus of analysis and interpretation. Drought periods for the analysis are defined as the months (consecutive or not) during which Canyon Lake is below the 25th percentile of storage (381,000 acre-ft) for the baseline scenario. Such months are referred to as being within the &ldquo;Drought Quartile.&rdquo; The Drought Quartile is a conceptual and heuristically determined waypoint for the analysis and is not related to any administrative definition of drought by stakeholders or policy makers.</p>\n<p>The five scenarios and the baseline scenario simulated in the upper Guadalupe River SWAT were all passed through the Guadalupe River WAM by the SWAT-WAM linkage described in this report. A comparison of the mean increase per month in reservoir storage for Canyon Lake conditioned for the Drought Quartile was made. For each of the five brush-management and baseline scenarios, the months with storage below 381,000 acre-ft were extracted. The mean monthly storages during the Drought Quartile were computed for each of the five scenarios and the baseline scenario. The mean of the baseline scenario was 376,458 acre-ft and subsequently was subtracted from the mean monthly storage during the Drought Quartile for each of the five scenarios.</p>\n<p>The mean monthly offset storages of Canyon Lake during the Drought Quartile were 110 acre-ft (20 percent); 448 acre-ft (40 percent); 754 acre-ft (60 percent); 1,080 acre-ft (80 percent); and 1,090 acre-ft (100 percent). A particular mean was interpreted as follows: the value of 754 acre-ft for the 60-percent brush-management scenario implies that, on average, this scenario indicates an additional 754 acre-ft per month of storage in Canyon Lake relative to the baseline during the Drought Quartile. All of the five scenarios resulted in an increase on average to water supply relative to the baseline scenario during the Drought Quartile through the SWAT-WAM linkage.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135239","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board","usgsCitation":"Asquith, W.H., and Bumgarner, J.R., 2014, Linkage of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool and the Texas Water Availability Model to simulate the effects of brush management on monthly storage of Canyon Lake, south-central Texas, 1995-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5239, Report: v, 25 p.; Appendixes 1-3, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135239.","productDescription":"Report: v, 25 p.; Appendixes 1-3","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1995-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-052867","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281446,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135239.jpg"},{"id":281444,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5239/"},{"id":281445,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5239/pdf/sir2013-5239.pdf"}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Canyon Lake, Guadalupe River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.0635,28.118 ], [ -100.0635,31.0012 ], [ -95.614,31.0012 ], [ -95.614,28.118 ], [ -100.0635,28.118 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd64b3e4b0b290850ff9ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asquith, William H. 0000-0002-7400-1861 wasquith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-1861","contributorId":1007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asquith","given":"William","email":"wasquith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bumgarner, Johnathan R. jbumgarner@usgs.gov","contributorId":5378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bumgarner","given":"Johnathan","email":"jbumgarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":487825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70058499,"text":"ofr20131309 - 2014 - Assessment of the geoavailability of trace elements from selected zinc minerals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-23T09:55:44","indexId":"ofr20131309","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-23T09:33:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1309","title":"Assessment of the geoavailability of trace elements from selected zinc minerals","docAbstract":"<p>This assessment focused on five zinc-bearing minerals. The minerals were subjected to a number of analyses including quantitative X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, leaching tests, and bioaccessibility and toxicity studies. Like a previous comprehensive assessment of five copper-bearing minerals, the purpose of this assessment was to obtain structural and chemical information and to characterize the reactivity of each mineral to various simulated environmental and biological conditions. As in the copper minerals study, analyses were conducted consistent with widely accepted methods. Unless otherwise noted, analytical methods used for this study were identical to those described in the investigation of copper-bearing minerals.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Two sphalerite specimens were included in the zinc-minerals set. One sphalerite was recovered from a mine in Balmat, New York; the second came from a mine in Creede, Colorado. The location and conditions of origin are significant because, as analyses confirmed, the two sphalerite specimens are quite different. For example, data acquired from a simulated gastric fluid (SGF) study indicate that the hydrothermally formed Creede sphalerite contains orders of magnitude higher arsenic, cadmium, manganese, and lead than the much older metamorphic Balmat sphalerite. The SGF and other experimental results contained in this report suggest that crystallizing conditions such as temperature, pressure, fluidization, or alteration processes significantly affect mineral properties—properties that, in turn, influence reactivity, solubility, and toxicity.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The three remaining minerals analyzed for this report—smithsonite, hemimorphite, and hydrozincite—are all secondary minerals or alteration products of zinc-ore deposits. In addition, all share physical characteristics such as tenacity, density, streak, and cleavage. Similarities end there. The chemical composition, unit-cell parameters, acid-neutralizing potential, and other observable and quantifiable properties indicate very different minerals. Only one of each of these minerals was studied. Had this assessment included multiples of these minerals, geochemical and mineralogical distinctions would have emerged, similar to the results for the two sphalerite specimens.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131309","usgsCitation":"Driscoll, R.L., Hageman, P.L., Benzel, W., Diehl, S.F., Morman, S., Choate, L.M., and Lowers, H., 2014, Assessment of the geoavailability of trace elements from selected zinc minerals: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1309, viii, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131309.","productDescription":"viii, 78 p.","numberOfPages":"86","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-040884","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281410,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131309.jpg"},{"id":281409,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1309/"},{"id":281411,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1309/pdf/of2013-1309.pdf"}],"country":"Mexico;United States","state":"Arizona;Chihuahua;Colorado;New York","city":"Balmat;Creede;Dragoon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.82,25.56 ], [ -114.82,45.02 ], [ -71.85,45.02 ], [ -71.85,25.56 ], [ -114.82,25.56 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4e4be4b0b290850f1ff0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Driscoll, Rhonda L. 0000-0001-7725-8956 rdriscoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7725-8956","contributorId":745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"Rhonda","email":"rdriscoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hageman, Phillip L.","contributorId":19191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hageman","given":"Phillip","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benzel, William 0000-0002-4085-1876 wbenzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4085-1876","contributorId":3594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benzel","given":"William","email":"wbenzel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Diehl, Sharon F. diehl@usgs.gov","contributorId":1089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diehl","given":"Sharon","email":"diehl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morman, Suzette","contributorId":33352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morman","given":"Suzette","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Choate, LaDonna M. 0000-0002-0229-7210 lchoate@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0229-7210","contributorId":1176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choate","given":"LaDonna","email":"lchoate@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lowers, Heather 0000-0001-5360-9264","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-9264","contributorId":52609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"Heather","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70058469,"text":"ofr20131283 - 2014 - Hydrologic monitoring of a landslide-prone hillslope in the Elliott State Forest, Southern Coast Range, Oregon, 2009-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-23T08:58:11","indexId":"ofr20131283","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-22T14:47:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1283","title":"Hydrologic monitoring of a landslide-prone hillslope in the Elliott State Forest, Southern Coast Range, Oregon, 2009-2012","docAbstract":"The Oregon Coast Range is dissected by numerous unchanneled headwater basins, which can \ngenerate shallow landslides and debris flows during heavy or prolonged rainfall. An automated \nmonitoring system was installed in an unchanneled headwater basin to measure rainfall, volumetric \nwater content, groundwater temperature, and pore pressures at 15-minute intervals. The purpose of this \nreport is to describe and present the methods used for the monitoring as well as the preliminary data \ncollected during the period from 2009 to 2012. Observations show a pronounced seasonal variation in \nvolumetric water content and pore pressures. Increases in pore pressures and volumetric water content \nfrom dry-season values begin with the onset of the rainy season in the fall (typically early to mid \nOctober). High water contents and pore pressures tend to persist throughout the rainy season, which \ntypically ends in May. Heavy or prolonged rainfall during the wet season that falls on already moist \nsoils often generates positive pore pressures that are observed in the deeper instruments. These data \nprovide a record of the basin’s hydrologic response to rainfall and provide a foundation for \nunderstanding the conditions that lead to landslide and debris-flow occurrence.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131283","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Oregon Department of Forestry, Elliott State Forest; Oregon  Department of Geology and Mineral Industries; and Colorado School of Mines","usgsCitation":"Smith, J.B., Godt, J.W., Baum, R.L., Coe, J.A., Burns, W.J., Morse, M., Sener-Kaya, B., and Kaya, M., 2014, Hydrologic monitoring of a landslide-prone hillslope in the Elliott State Forest, Southern Coast Range, Oregon, 2009-2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1283, v, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131283.","productDescription":"v, 61 p.","numberOfPages":"66","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049379","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281397,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131283.jpg"},{"id":281395,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1283/pdf/of13-1283.pdf"},{"id":281396,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1283/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Elliott State Forest;Southern Coast Range","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.3079,42.1982 ], [ -124.3079,43.7067 ], [ -123.4657,43.7067 ], [ -123.4657,42.1982 ], [ -124.3079,42.1982 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6191e4b0b290850fd9b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Joel B. 0000-0001-7219-7875 jbsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7219-7875","contributorId":4925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Joel","email":"jbsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baum, Rex L. 0000-0001-5337-1970 baum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1970","contributorId":1288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"Rex","email":"baum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coe, Jeffrey A. 0000-0002-0842-9608 jcoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0842-9608","contributorId":1333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jcoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burns, William J.","contributorId":50078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Morse, Michael M.","contributorId":11115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morse","given":"Michael M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sener-Kaya, Basak","contributorId":84267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sener-Kaya","given":"Basak","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kaya, Murat","contributorId":103576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaya","given":"Murat","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70046522,"text":"70046522 - 2014 - An enhanced archive facilitating climate impacts analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-23T15:09:01","indexId":"70046522","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-22T13:23:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1112,"text":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","onlineIssn":"1520-0477","printIssn":"0003-0007","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An enhanced archive facilitating climate impacts analysis","docAbstract":"We describe the expansion of a publicly available archive of downscaled climate and hydrology projections for the United States. Those studying or planning to adapt to future climate impacts demand downscaled climate model output for local or regional use. The archive we describe attempts to fulfill this need by providing data in several formats, selectable to meet user needs. Our archive has served as a resource for climate impacts modelers, water managers, educators, and others. Over 1,400 individuals have transferred more than 50 TB of data from the archive. In response to user demands, the archive has expanded from monthly downscaled data to include daily data to facilitate investigations of phenomena sensitive to daily to monthly temperature and precipitation, including extremes in these quantities. New developments include downscaled output from the new Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) climate model simulations at both the monthly and daily time scales, as well as simulations of surface hydrologi- cal variables. The web interface allows the extraction of individual projections or ensemble statistics for user-defined regions, promoting the rapid assessment of model consensus and uncertainty for future projections of precipitation, temperature, and hydrology. The archive is accessible online (http://gdo-dcp.ucllnl.org/downscaled_ cmip_projections).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00126.1","usgsCitation":"Maurer, E., Brekke, L., Pruitt, T., Thrasher, B., Long, J., Duffy, P., Dettinger, M., Cayan, D., and Arnold, J., 2014, An enhanced archive facilitating climate impacts analysis: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, v. 95, no. 7, p. 1011-1019, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00126.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1011","endPage":"1019","ipdsId":"IP-046357","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473209,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-13-00126.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":294379,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294378,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00126.1"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173.0,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,16.916667 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"95","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb13e4b08312ac7ceef3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maurer, E.P.","contributorId":30338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurer","given":"E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brekke, L.","contributorId":65778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brekke","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pruitt, T.","contributorId":60876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pruitt","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thrasher, B.","contributorId":88665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thrasher","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Long, J.","contributorId":41993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Duffy, P.","contributorId":40435,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duffy","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dettinger, M. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":78909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cayan, D.","contributorId":49563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Arnold, J.","contributorId":76669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70059343,"text":"ofr20131300 - 2014 - The Tetracorder user guide: version 4.4","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-29T18:01:32.641648","indexId":"ofr20131300","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-22T12:39:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1300","title":"The Tetracorder user guide: version 4.4","docAbstract":"Imaging spectroscopy mapping software assists in the identification and mapping of materials based on their chemical properties as expressed in spectral measurements of a planet including the solid or liquid surface or atmosphere. Such software can be used to analyze field, aircraft, or spacecraft data; remote sensing datasets; or laboratory spectra. Tetracorder is a set of software algorithms commanded through an expert system to identify materials based on their spectra (Clark and others, 2003). Tetracorder also can be used in traditional remote sensing analyses, because some of the algorithms are a version of a matched filter. Thus, depending on the instructions fed to the Tetracorder system, results can range from simple matched filter output, to spectral feature fitting, to full identification of surface materials (within the limits of the spectral signatures of materials over the spectral range and resolution of the imaging spectroscopy data). A basic understanding of spectroscopy by the user is required for developing an optimum mapping strategy and assessing the results.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131300","usgsCitation":"Livo, K.E., and Clark, R.N., 2014, The Tetracorder user guide: version 4.4: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1300, iv, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131300.","productDescription":"iv, 51 p.","numberOfPages":"55","ipdsId":"IP-044895","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":425655,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1300/ofr20131300.zip","size":"1.83 GB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":281374,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1300/pdf/of2013-1300.pdf"},{"id":281373,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1300/"},{"id":281375,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131300.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7746e4b0b2908510b721","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Livo, Keith Eric 0000-0001-7331-8130","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-8130","contributorId":39422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livo","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70073711,"text":"70073711 - 2014 - Implementation of a non-lethal biopsy punch monitoring program for mercury in smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu Lacepede, from the Eleven Point River, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-11T15:32:31.626607","indexId":"70073711","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-22T10:08:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Implementation of a non-lethal biopsy punch monitoring program for mercury in smallmouth bass, <i>Micropterus dolomieu</i> Lacepede, from the Eleven Point River, Missouri","title":"Implementation of a non-lethal biopsy punch monitoring program for mercury in smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu Lacepede, from the Eleven Point River, Missouri","docAbstract":"<p><span>A non-lethal biopsy method for monitoring mercury (Hg) concentrations in smallmouth bass (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Micropterus dolomieu</i><span>; smallmouth) from the Eleven Point River in southern Missouri USA was evaluated. A biopsy punch was used to remove a muscle tissue plug from the area immediately below the anterior dorsal fin of 31 smallmouth. An additional 35 smallmouth (controls) were held identically except that no tissue plug was removed. After sampling, all fish were held in a concrete hatchery raceway for 6&nbsp;weeks. Mean survival at the end of the holding period was 97&nbsp;% for both groups. Smallmouth length, weight and Fulton’s condition factor at the end of the holding period were also similar between plugged and non-plugged controls, indicating that the biopsy procedure had minimal impact on growth under these conditions. Tissue plug Hg concentrations were similar to smallmouth Hg data obtained in previous years by removing the entire fillet for analysis.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00128-013-1145-x","usgsCitation":"Ackerson, J., McKee, M.J., Schmitt, C., and Brumbaugh, W.G., 2014, Implementation of a non-lethal biopsy punch monitoring program for mercury in smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu Lacepede, from the Eleven Point River, Missouri: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 92, no. 2, p. 125-131, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-013-1145-x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"131","ipdsId":"IP-032402","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281362,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Eleven Point River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.699969,36.502402 ], [ -91.699969,36.960244 ], [ -90.886818,36.960244 ], [ -90.886818,36.502402 ], [ -91.699969,36.502402 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"92","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52e0e93be4b0d0c3df9947b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ackerson, J. R.","contributorId":60950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ackerson","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKee, M. J.","contributorId":9570,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKee","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmitt, C. J. 0000-0001-6804-2360","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2360","contributorId":56339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"C. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brumbaugh, William G. 0000-0003-0081-375X bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0081-375X","contributorId":493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"William","email":"bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70068449,"text":"ofr20141005 - 2014 - Bathymetric surveys and area/capacity tables of water-supply reservoirs for the city of Cameron, Missouri, July 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-21T14:31:49","indexId":"ofr20141005","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-21T14:16:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1005","title":"Bathymetric surveys and area/capacity tables of water-supply reservoirs for the city of Cameron, Missouri, July 2013","docAbstract":"Years of sediment accumulation and dry conditions in recent years have led to the decline of water levels and capacities for many water-supply reservoirs in Missouri, and have caused renewed interest in modernizing outdated area/capacity tables for these reservoirs. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, surveyed the bathymetry of the four water-supply reservoirs used by the city of Cameron, Missouri, in July 2013. The data were used to provide water managers with area/capacity tables and bathymetric maps of the reservoirs at the time of the surveys.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141005","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Huizinga, R.J., 2014, Bathymetric surveys and area/capacity tables of water-supply reservoirs for the city of Cameron, Missouri, July 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1005, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141005.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052176","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281331,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1005/"},{"id":281335,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141005.jpg"},{"id":281334,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1005/pdf/of2014-1005.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Missouri","city":"Cameron","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.319842,39.724343 ], [ -94.319842,39.785227 ], [ -94.209326,39.785227 ], [ -94.209326,39.724343 ], [ -94.319842,39.724343 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4ef1e4b0b290850f2660","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huizinga, Richard J. 0000-0002-2940-2324 huizinga@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2940-2324","contributorId":2089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huizinga","given":"Richard","email":"huizinga@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70073345,"text":"70073345 - 2014 - Evaluating the efficiency of environmental monitoring programs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-28T08:37:06","indexId":"70073345","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-21T10:51:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the efficiency of environmental monitoring programs","docAbstract":"Statistical uncertainty analyses can be used to improve the efficiency of environmental monitoring, allowing sampling designs to maximize information gained relative to resources required for data collection and analysis. In this paper, we illustrate four methods of data analysis appropriate to four types of environmental monitoring designs. To analyze a long-term record from a single site, we applied a general linear model to weekly stream chemistry data at Biscuit Brook, NY, to simulate the effects of reducing sampling effort and to evaluate statistical confidence in the detection of change over time. To illustrate a detectable difference analysis, we analyzed a one-time survey of mercury concentrations in loon tissues in lakes in the Adirondack Park, NY, demonstrating the effects of sampling intensity on statistical power and the selection of a resampling interval. To illustrate a bootstrapping method, we analyzed the plot-level sampling intensity of forest inventory at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH, to quantify the sampling regime needed to achieve a desired confidence interval. Finally, to analyze time-series data from multiple sites, we assessed the number of lakes and the number of samples per year needed to monitor change over time in Adirondack lake chemistry using a repeated-measures mixed-effects model. Evaluations of time series and synoptic long-term monitoring data can help determine whether sampling should be re-allocated in space or time to optimize the use of financial and human resources.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Indicators","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.12.010","usgsCitation":"Levine, C.R., Yanai, R.D., Lampman, G.G., Burns, D.A., Driscoll, C.T., Lawrence, G.B., Lynch, J., and Schoch, N., 2014, Evaluating the efficiency of environmental monitoring programs: Ecological Indicators, v. 39, p. 94-101, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.12.010.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"94","endPage":"101","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-050636","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473212,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.12.010","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":281315,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.12.010"},{"id":281316,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52df97f8e4b0d7b3a14e1aa2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Levine, Carrie R.","contributorId":106009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levine","given":"Carrie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yanai, Ruth D.","contributorId":59720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yanai","given":"Ruth","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lampman, Gregory G.","contributorId":26970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lampman","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869 daburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":1237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"daburns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Driscoll, Charles T.","contributorId":35418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lawrence, Gregory B. 0000-0002-8035-2350 glawrenc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Gregory","email":"glawrenc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lynch, Jason","contributorId":97001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"Jason","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schoch, Nina","contributorId":101988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoch","given":"Nina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70074654,"text":"70074654 - 2014 - Seismicity within a propagating ice shelf rift: the relationship between icequake locations and ice shelf structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-07T18:00:36","indexId":"70074654","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-20T10:12:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismicity within a propagating ice shelf rift: the relationship between icequake locations and ice shelf structure","docAbstract":"Iceberg calving is a dominant mass loss mechanism for Antarctic ice shelves, second only to basal melting. An important known process involved in calving is the initiation and propagation of through-penetrating fractures called rifts; however, the mechanisms controlling rift propagation remain poorly understood. To investigate the mechanics of ice-shelf rifting, we analyzed seismicity associated with a propagating rift tip on the Amery Ice Shelf, using data collected during the Austral summers of 2004-2007. We investigated seismicity associated with fracture propagation using a suite of passive seismological techniques including icequake locations, back projection, and moment tensor inversion. We confirm previous results that show that seismicity is characterized by periods of relative quiescence punctuated by swarms of intense seismicity of one to three hours. However, even during periods of quiescence, we find significant seismic deformation around the rift tip. Moment tensors, calculated for a subset of the largest icequakes (M<sub>W</sub> > -2.0) located near the rift tip, show steeply dipping fault planes, horizontal or shallowly plunging stress orientations, and often have a significant volumetric component. They also reveal that much of the observed seismicity is limited to the upper 50 m of the ice shelf. This suggests a complex system of deformation that involves the propagating rift, the region behind the rift tip, and a system of rift-transverse crevasses. Small-scale variations in the mechanical structure of the ice shelf, especially rift-transverse crevasses and accreted marine ice, play an important role in modulating the rate and location of seismicity associated with propagating ice shelf rifts.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2013JF002849","usgsCitation":"Heeszel, D.S., Fricker, H., Bassis, J.N., O’Neel, S., and Walter, F., 2014, Seismicity within a propagating ice shelf rift: the relationship between icequake locations and ice shelf structure: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 119, no. 4, p. 731-744, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JF002849.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"731","endPage":"744","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-045706","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jf002849","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":281801,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281800,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013JF002849"}],"otherGeospatial":"Amery Ice Shelf, Antarctica","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 66.4,-72.04 ], [ 66.4,-68.02 ], [ 76.46,-68.02 ], [ 76.46,-72.04 ], [ 66.4,-72.04 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"119","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351705fe4b05569d805a398","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heeszel, David S.","contributorId":14729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heeszel","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fricker, Helen A.","contributorId":57337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fricker","given":"Helen A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bassis, Jeremy N.","contributorId":49271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bassis","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Neel, Shad 0000-0002-9185-0144 soneel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-0144","contributorId":166740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neel","given":"Shad","email":"soneel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walter, Fabian","contributorId":21431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"Fabian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70156246,"text":"70156246 - 2014 - Inferences about population dynamics from count data using multi-state models: A comparison to capture-recapture approaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-10T16:40:39.588899","indexId":"70156246","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inferences about population dynamics from count data using multi-state models: A comparison to capture-recapture approaches","docAbstract":"<p><span>Wildlife populations consist of individuals that contribute disproportionately to growth and viability. Understanding a population's spatial and temporal dynamics requires estimates of abundance and demographic rates that account for this heterogeneity. Estimating these quantities can be difficult, requiring years of intensive data collection. Often, this is accomplished through the capture and recapture of individual animals, which is generally only feasible at a limited number of locations. In contrast, N-mixture models allow for the estimation of abundance, and spatial variation in abundance, from count data alone. We extend recently developed multistate, open population N-mixture models, which can additionally estimate demographic rates based on an organism's life history characteristics. In our extension, we develop an approach to account for the case where not all individuals can be assigned to a state during sampling. Using only state-specific count data, we show how our model can be used to estimate local population abundance, as well as density-dependent recruitment rates and state-specific survival. We apply our model to a population of black-throated blue warblers (</span><i>Setophaga caerulescens</i><span>) that have been surveyed for 25&nbsp;years on their breeding grounds at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire, USA. The intensive data collection efforts allow us to compare our estimates to estimates derived from capture–recapture data. Our model performed well in estimating population abundance and density-dependent rates of annual recruitment/immigration. Estimates of local carrying capacity and per capita recruitment of yearlings were consistent with those published in other studies. However, our model moderately underestimated annual survival probability of yearling and adult females and severely underestimates survival probabilities for both of these male stages. The most accurate and precise estimates will necessarily require some amount of intensive data collection efforts (such as capture–recapture). Integrated population models that combine data from both intensive and extensive sources are likely to be the most efficient approach for estimating demographic rates at large spatial and temporal scales.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.942","usgsCitation":"Grant, E., Zipkin, E., Scott, S.T., Chandler, R., and Royle, J., 2014, Inferences about population dynamics from count data using multi-state models: A comparison to capture-recapture approaches: Ecology and Evolution, v. 4, no. 4, p. 417-426, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.942.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"417","endPage":"426","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062556","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository 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Campbell ehgrant@usgs.gov","contributorId":146545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"Evan H. Campbell","email":"ehgrant@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":568209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zipkin, Elise ezipkin@usgs.gov","contributorId":470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zipkin","given":"Elise","email":"ezipkin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":568332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scott, Sillett T.","contributorId":30003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Sillett","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chandler, Richard rchandler@usgs.gov","contributorId":2511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"Richard","email":"rchandler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13266,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, The University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Royle, J. 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,{"id":70132331,"text":"70132331 - 2014 - Anatomy of the lamprey ear: morphological evidence for occurrence of horizontal semicircular ducts in the labyrinth of <i>Petromyzon marinus</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-04T15:36:40","indexId":"70132331","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3822,"text":"Journal of Anatomy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anatomy of the lamprey ear: morphological evidence for occurrence of horizontal semicircular ducts in the labyrinth of <i>Petromyzon marinus</i>","docAbstract":"<p>In jawed (gnathostome) vertebrates, the inner ears have three semicircular canals arranged orthogonally in the three Cartesian planes: one horizontal (lateral) and two vertical canals. They function as detectors for angular acceleration in their respective planes. Living jawless craniates, cyclostomes (hagfish and lamprey) and their fossil records seemingly lack a lateral horizontal canal. The jawless vertebrate hagfish inner ear is described as a torus or doughnut, having one vertical canal, and the jawless vertebrate lamprey having two. These observations on the anatomy of the cyclostome (jawless vertebrate) inner ear have been unchallenged for over a century, and the question of how these jawless vertebrates perceive angular acceleration in the yaw (horizontal) planes has remained open. To provide an answer to this open question we reevaluated the anatomy of the inner ear in the lamprey, using stereoscopic dissection and scanning electron microscopy. The present study reveals a novel observation: the lamprey has two horizontal semicircular ducts in each labyrinth. Furthermore, the horizontal ducts in the lamprey, in contrast to those of jawed vertebrates, are located on the medial surface in the labyrinth rather than on the lateral surface. Our data on the lamprey horizontal duct suggest that the appearance of the horizontal canal characteristic of gnathostomes (lateral) and lampreys (medial) are mutually exclusive and indicate a parallel evolution of both systems, one in cyclostomes and one in gnathostome ancestors.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/joa.12159","usgsCitation":"Maklad, A., Reed, C., Johnson, N.S., and Fritzsch, B., 2014, Anatomy of the lamprey ear: morphological evidence for occurrence of horizontal semicircular ducts in the labyrinth of <i>Petromyzon marinus</i>: Journal of Anatomy, v. 224, no. 4, p. 432-446, https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12159.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"432","endPage":"446","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053094","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473215,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub/836","text":"External Repository"},{"id":296446,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"224","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548193b9e4b0aa6d778520e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maklad, Adel","contributorId":126755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maklad","given":"Adel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6593,"text":"Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":522788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, Caitlyn","contributorId":126756,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reed","given":"Caitlyn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6593,"text":"Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":522789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Nicholas S. 0000-0002-7419-6013 njohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-6013","contributorId":597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nicholas","email":"njohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fritzsch, Bernd","contributorId":126757,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fritzsch","given":"Bernd","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6594,"text":"Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":522790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70073510,"text":"ds812 - 2014 - DOI/GTN-P climate and active-layer data acquired in the National Petroleum Reserve: Alaska and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 1998-2011","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70073510,"text":"ds812 - 2014 - DOI/GTN-P climate and active-layer data acquired in the National Petroleum Reserve: Alaska and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 1998-2011","indexId":"ds812","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"DOI/GTN-P climate and active-layer data acquired in the National Petroleum Reserve: Alaska and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 1998-2011"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70135103,"text":"ds892 - 2014 - DOI/GTN-P climate and active-layer data acquired in the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","indexId":"ds892","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"DOI/GTN-P climate and active-layer data acquired in the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70135103,"text":"ds892 - 2014 - DOI/GTN-P climate and active-layer data acquired in the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","indexId":"ds892","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"DOI/GTN-P climate and active-layer data acquired in the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge"},"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-27T08:50:34","indexId":"ds812","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-17T12:47:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"812","title":"DOI/GTN-P climate and active-layer data acquired in the National Petroleum Reserve: Alaska and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 1998-2011","docAbstract":"<p>This report provides data collected by the climate monitoring array of the U.S. Department of the Interior on Federal lands in Arctic Alaska over the period August 1998 to July 2011; this array is part of the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost, (DOI/GTN-P). In addition to presenting data, this report also describes monitoring, data collection, and quality-control methodology. This array of 16 monitoring stations spans lat 68.5&deg;N. to 70.5&deg;N. and long 142.5&deg;W. to 161&deg;W., an area of approximately 150,000 square kilometers. Climate summaries are presented along with quality-controlled data. Data collection is ongoing and includes the following climate- and permafrost-related variables: air temperature, wind speed and direction, ground temperature and soil moisture, snow depth, rainfall, up- and downwelling shortwave radiation, and atmospheric pressure. These data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in close collaboration with the Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds812","issn":"2327-638X","usgsCitation":"Urban, F., and Clow, G.D., 2014, DOI/GTN-P climate and active-layer data acquired in the National Petroleum Reserve: Alaska and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 1998-2011: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 812, Report; 17 HTML documents, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds812.","productDescription":"Report; 17 HTML documents","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1998-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-049434","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281248,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds812.jpg"},{"id":281246,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/812/"},{"id":281247,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/812/introduction.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -165.0,66.0 ], [ -165.0,71.5 ], [ -140.0,71.5 ], [ -140.0,66.0 ], [ -165.0,66.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52da50e1e4b0b074f3afba99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Urban, Frank E. 0000-0002-1329-1703","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-1703","contributorId":80918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urban","given":"Frank E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clow, Gary D. 0000-0002-2262-3853 clow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2262-3853","contributorId":2066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"Gary","email":"clow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70049011,"text":"ofr20131265 - 2014 - The United States Geological Survey Science Data Lifecycle Model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-10T16:11:18","indexId":"ofr20131265","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-17T11:49:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1265","title":"The United States Geological Survey Science Data Lifecycle Model","docAbstract":"U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) data represent corporate assets with potential value beyond any immediate research use, and therefore need to be accounted for and properly managed throughout their lifecycle. Recognizing these motives, a USGS team developed a Science Data Lifecycle Model (SDLM) as a high-level view of data—from conception through preservation and sharing—to illustrate how data management activities relate to project workflows, and to assist with understanding the expectations of proper data management. In applying the Model to research activities, USGS scientists can ensure that data products will be well-described, preserved, accessible, and fit for re-use. The Model also serves as a structure to help the USGS evaluate and improve policies and practices for managing scientific data, and to identify areas in which new tools and standards are needed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131265","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Faundeen, J., Burley, T.E., Carlino, J., Govoni, D.L., Henkel, H., Holl, S.L., Hutchison, V., Martín, E., Montgomery, E., Ladino, C., Tessler, S., and Zolly, L., 2014, The United States Geological Survey Science Data Lifecycle Model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1265, iii, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131265.","productDescription":"iii, 4 p.","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045321","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burley, Thomas E. 0000-0002-2235-8092 teburley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2235-8092","contributorId":3499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burley","given":"Thomas","email":"teburley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carlino, Jennifer A.","contributorId":72710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlino","given":"Jennifer A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Govoni, David L. dgovoni@usgs.gov","contributorId":5192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Govoni","given":"David","email":"dgovoni@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5071,"text":"Office of Administration","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Henkel, Heather S. hhenkel@usgs.gov","contributorId":2869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henkel","given":"Heather S.","email":"hhenkel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Holl, Sally L. sholl@usgs.gov","contributorId":4464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holl","given":"Sally","email":"sholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hutchison, Vivian B. 0000-0001-5301-3698 vhutchison@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5301-3698","contributorId":5100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchison","given":"Vivian B.","email":"vhutchison@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Martín, Elizabeth","contributorId":57769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martín","given":"Elizabeth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Montgomery, Ellyn T.","contributorId":78038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montgomery","given":"Ellyn T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ladino, Cassandra ccladino@usgs.gov","contributorId":3514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ladino","given":"Cassandra","email":"ccladino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Tessler, Steven stessler@usgs.gov","contributorId":3772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tessler","given":"Steven","email":"stessler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":486007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Zolly, Lisa S.","contributorId":30142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zolly","given":"Lisa S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70094536,"text":"70094536 - 2014 - Phytoplankton growth balanced by clam and zooplankton grazing and net transport into the low-salinity zone of the San Francisco Estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-21T08:39:13","indexId":"70094536","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-17T08:32:51","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phytoplankton growth balanced by clam and zooplankton grazing and net transport into the low-salinity zone of the San Francisco Estuary","docAbstract":"We estimated the influence of planktonic and benthic grazing on phytoplankton in the strongly tidal, river-dominated northern San Francisco Estuary using data from an intensive study of the low salinity foodweb in 2006–2008 supplemented with long-term monitoring data. A drop in chlorophyll concentration in 1987 had previously been linked to grazing by the introduced clam Potamocorbula amurensis, but numerous changes in the estuary may be linked to the continued low chlorophyll. We asked whether phytoplankton continued to be suppressed by grazing and what proportion of the grazing was by benthic bivalves. A mass balance of phytoplankton biomass included estimates of primary production and grazing by microzooplankton, mesozooplankton, and clams. Grazing persistently exceeded net phytoplankton growth especially for larger cells, and grazing by microzooplankton often exceeded that by clams. A subsidy of phytoplankton from other regions roughly balanced the excess of grazing over growth. Thus, the influence of bivalve grazing on phytoplankton biomass can be understood only in the context of limits on phytoplankton growth, total grazing, and transport.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuaries and Coasts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12237-013-9753-6","usgsCitation":"Kimmerer, W.J., and Thompson, J.K., 2014, Phytoplankton growth balanced by clam and zooplankton grazing and net transport into the low-salinity zone of the San Francisco Estuary: Estuaries and Coasts, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-013-9753-6.","productDescription":"17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-052044","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473216,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-013-9753-6","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":282612,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282607,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12237-013-9753-6/fulltext.html"},{"id":282611,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-013-9753-6"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Estuary","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.5,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -122.5,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -122.5,8.333333333333334E-4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6b8ae4b0b29085103f9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimmerer, Wim J.","contributorId":59169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimmerer","given":"Wim","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6690,"text":"San Francisco State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":490670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Janet K. 0000-0002-1528-8452 jthompso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1528-8452","contributorId":1009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Janet","email":"jthompso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70170794,"text":"70170794 - 2014 - Constraining explosive volcanism: Subjective choices during estimates of eruption magnitude","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-11T14:11:17","indexId":"70170794","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-15T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraining explosive volcanism: Subjective choices during estimates of eruption magnitude","docAbstract":"<p><span>When estimating the magnitude of explosive eruptions from their deposits, individuals make three sets of critical choices with respect to input data: the spacing of sampling sites, the selection of contour intervals to constrain the field measurements, and the hand contouring of thickness/isomass data, respectively. Volcanologists make subjective calls, as there are no accepted published protocols and few accounts of how these choices will impact estimates of eruption magnitude. Here, for the first time, we took a set of unpublished thickness measurements from the 1959 Kīlauea Iki pyroclastic fall deposit and asked 101 volcanologists worldwide to hand contour the data. First, there were surprisingly consistent volume estimates across maps with three different sampling densities. Second, the variability in volume calculations imparted by individuals&rsquo; choices of contours is also surprisingly low and lies between&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">s</i><span>&thinsp;=&thinsp;5 and 8&nbsp;%. Third, volume estimation is insensitive to the extent to which different individuals &ldquo;smooth&rdquo; the raw data in constructing contour lines. Finally, large uncertainty is associated with the construction of the thinnest isopachs, which is likely to underestimate the actual trend of deposit thinning. The net result is that researchers can have considerable confidence in using volume or dispersal data from multiple authors and different deposits for comparative studies. These insights should help volcanologists around the world to optimize design and execution of field-based studies to characterize accurately the volume of pyroclastic deposits.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior","doi":"10.1007/s00445-013-0793-3","usgsCitation":"Klawonn, M., Houghton, B.F., Swanson, D., Fagents, S.A., Wessel, P., and Wolfe, C.J., 2014, Constraining explosive volcanism: Subjective choices during estimates of eruption magnitude: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 76, no. 793, Article 793; 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-013-0793-3.","productDescription":"Article 793; 6 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075486","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320880,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"793","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5729cbaee4b0b13d3919a2eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klawonn, Malin","contributorId":169095,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klawonn","given":"Malin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houghton, Bruce F. 0000-0002-7532-9770","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7532-9770","contributorId":140077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houghton","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":13351,"text":"University of Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swanson, Don 0000-0002-1680-3591 donswan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":168817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Don","email":"donswan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fagents, Sarah A.","contributorId":66152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagents","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wessel, Paul","contributorId":169097,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wessel","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wolfe, Cecily J.","contributorId":29294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"Cecily","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70073397,"text":"70073397 - 2014 - Fluorescence-based classification of Caribbean coral reef organisms and substrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-20T09:34:00","indexId":"70073397","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-15T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluorescence-based classification of Caribbean coral reef organisms and substrates","docAbstract":"A diverse group of coral reef organisms, representing several phyla, possess fluorescent pigments. We investigated the potential of using the characteristic fluorescence emission spectra of these pigments to enable unsupervised, optical classification of coral reef habitats. We compiled a library of characteristic fluorescence spectra through in situ and laboratory measurements from a variety of specimens throughout the Caribbean. Because fluorescent pigments are not species-specific, the spectral library is organized in terms of 15 functional groups. We investigated the spectral separability of the functional groups in terms of the number of wavebands required to distinguish between them, using the similarity measures Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM), Spectral Information Divergence (SID), SID-SAM mixed measure, and Mahalanobis distance. This set of measures represents geometric, stochastic, joint geometric-stochastic, and statistical approaches to classifying spectra. Our hyperspectral fluorescence data were used to generate sets of 4-, 6-, and 8-waveband spectra, including random variations in relative signal amplitude, spectral peak shifts, and water-column attenuation. Each set consisted of 2 different band definitions: ‘optimally-picked’ and ‘evenly-spaced.’ The optimally-picked wavebands were chosen to coincide with as many peaks as possible in the functional group spectra. Reference libraries were formed from half of the spectra in each set and used for training purposes. Average classification accuracies ranged from 76.3% for SAM with 4 evenly-spaced wavebands to 93.8% for Mahalanobis distance with 8 evenly-spaced wavebands. The Mahalanobis distance consistently outperformed the other measures. In a second test, empirically-measured spectra were classified using the same reference libraries and the Mahalanobis distance for just the 8 evenly-spaced waveband case. Average classification accuracies were 84% and 87%, corresponding to the extremes in modeled water-column attenuation. The classification results from both tests indicate that a high degree of separability among the 15 fluorescent-spectra functional groups is possible using only a modest number of spectral bands.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0084570","usgsCitation":"Zawada, D., and Mazel, C.H., 2014, Fluorescence-based classification of Caribbean coral reef organisms and substrates: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 1, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0084570.","productDescription":"13 p.","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-040535","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473221,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0084570","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":281274,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281273,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0084570"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5a05e4b0b290850f9113","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zawada, David G. 0000-0003-4547-4878 dzawada@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4547-4878","contributorId":1898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zawada","given":"David G.","email":"dzawada@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mazel, Charles H.","contributorId":84266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazel","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70048953,"text":"sir20135125 - 2014 - Evaluation of toxicity to the amphipod, <i>Hyalella azteca</i>, and to the midge, <i>Chironomus dilutus</i>; and bioaccumulation by the oligochaete, <i>Lumbriculus variegatus</i>, with exposure to PCB-contaminated sediments from Anniston, Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-21T08:32:17","indexId":"sir20135125","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-14T14:48:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5125","title":"Evaluation of toxicity to the amphipod, <i>Hyalella azteca</i>, and to the midge, <i>Chironomus dilutus</i>; and bioaccumulation by the oligochaete, <i>Lumbriculus variegatus</i>, with exposure to PCB-contaminated sediments from Anniston, Alabama","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) requested that as part of the remedial investigation for the Anniston, Alabama Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Site (Anniston PCB Site), that Pharmacia Corporation and Solutia Inc. (P/S) perform long-term reproduction toxicity tests with the amphipod, <i>Hyalella azteca</i>, and the midge, <i>Chironomus dilutus</i>, and bioaccumulation tests with the oligochaete, <i>Lumbriculus variegatus</i>, using sediment samples collected from reference locations and from Operable Unit 4 of the Anniston PCB Site. The sediment toxicity testing and sediment bioaccumulation results will be used by ARCADIS U.S., Inc. (ARCADIS) as part of a weight-of-evidence assessment to evaluate risks and establish sediment remediation goals for contaminants to sediment-dwelling organisms inhabiting the Anniston PCB Site.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The goal of this study was to characterize relations between sediment chemistry and sediment toxicity and relations between sediment chemistry and sediment bioaccumulation in samples of sediments collected from the Anniston PCB Site. A total of 32 samples were evaluated from six test sites and one reference site to provide a wide range in concentrations of chemicals of potential concern (COPCs) including PCBs in samples of whole sediment. The goal of this study was not to determine the extent of sediment contamination across the Anniston PCB Site. Hence, the test sites or samples collected from within a test site were not selected to represent the spatial extent of sediment contamination across the Anniston PCB Site. Sediment chemistry, pore-water chemistry, and sediment toxicity data were generated for 26 sediment samples from the Anniston PCB Site. All of the samples were evaluated to determine if they qualified as reference sediment samples. Those samples that met the chemical selection criteria and biological selection criteria were identified as reference samples and used to develop the reference envelope for each toxicity test endpoint.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Physical characterization of samples of whole sediment included analyses of grain size, TOC, and nutrients. Organic chemical characterization of samples of whole sediment included PCB homologs and select (13) PCB congeners, parent and alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides, and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins; and dibenzofurans. The PCB aroclors analyzed included 1016, 1221, 1232, 1242, 1248, 1254, 1260, 1262 and 1268. Analyses of whole sediment also included total metals, simultaneously extracted metals, and acid volatile sulfide. Chemical characterization of samples of pore water isolated from samples of whole sediment at the start of the sediment toxicity exposures or at the start of the sediment bioaccumulation exposures included metals, major cations, major anions, dissolved organic carbon, and additional water-quality characteristics. Concentrations of metals or PCBs in pore water during the sediment toxicity exposures or during sediment bioaccumulation exposures also were determined using peeper samples (for metals) or solid-phase microextraction (SPME) samplers (for PCBs).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The bioavailability and bioaccumulation of PCBs in 14 sediment samples were investigated using SPME passive samplers and the 28-d L. variegatus whole-sediment bioaccumulation exposures In general the accumulation of PCBs consistently was predicted through the use of organic carbon normalization and equilibrium partitioning. In these sediments, PCB homologs were accumulated differently based on bioavailability and potential to accumulate in oligochaetes. As part of this assessment homolog specific biota sediment accumulation factor values were developed that could be applied across the larger site to predict tissue levels of PCBs.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The whole-sediment toxicity tests done with <i>H. azteca</i> and <i>C. dilutus</i> met the established ASTM and USEPA test acceptability criteria. The most responsive <i>H. azteca</i> endpoints were day 42 survival normalized young per female and day 28 biomass and that the most responsive <i>C. dilutus</i> endpoints were adult biomass and percent adult emergence. Overall, between the two species, the most responsive endpoint assessed for these two species was <i>H. azteca</i> survival-normalized young per female (67 percent of the samples classified as toxic).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Concentration-response models (CRMs) and site-specific sediment toxicity thresholds (TTs) were generated with matching sediment chemistry and sediment toxicity data. Sediment chemistry, pore-water chemistry, and sediment toxicity data were evaluated for as many as 26 sediment samples from the Anniston PCB Site. The reference-envelope approach was used to identify the sediment samples that were toxic to benthic invertebrates. This procedure involved identification of reference sediment samples, normalizing the toxicity data to reflect control responses, developing a reference envelope for each toxicity test endpoint, and designating each sediment sample as toxic or not toxic for each toxicity test endpoint, for each species, and for all species combined. These results demonstrated percent emergence of adult <i>C. dilutus</i>, biomass of adult <i>C. dilutus</i>, and reproduction of <i>H. azteca</i> normalized to percent survival were among the most responsive endpoints that were evaluated. Therefore, these endpoints were selected for CRM development.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The site-specific TTs for whole sediment provide a reliable basis for identifying toxic and not toxic sediment samples in the Anniston PCB Site (that is, for correctly classifying the sediment samples used to derive the TTs as toxic or not toxic, for the endpoint used to derive the TTs). Among the 69 TTs for sediment, the TT<sub>LRs</sub> for total PCB homologs [499 to 1,870 micrograms per kilogram dry weight (μg/kg DW)] and for lead [(9.48 to 10.3 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) DW] based on reproduction of <i>H. azteca</i> or based on emergence or biomass of adult <i>C. dilutus</i>, were the most reliable. Such TTs had low rates of false negative errors (that is, only 0 to 11 percent of the samples below the TT were toxic to benthic invertebrates), low rates of false positive errors (only 0 to 6 percent of the samples greater than the TT were not toxic to benthic invertebrates), and high rates of correct classification (that is, 92 to 96 percent).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The site-specific TTs for PCBs and other COPCs derived in this study also were compared to empirically based sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), to equilibrium-partitioning based SQGs, and to the results of spiked-sediment toxicity tests. The results of this evaluation indicated that the site-specific sediment TTs for PCBs were comparable to the consensus-based SQGs that were derived for PCBs. In addition, the site-specific sediment TTs for PCBs are well within the range of SQGs derived using the equilibrium partitioning approach. The site-specific sediment TTs for PCBs also are consistent with the results of chronic TTs that have been estimated for benthic invertebrates using the results of spiked-sediment toxicity tests. As the site-specific sediment TTs for PCBs are consistent with empirically based SQGs, equilibrium-partitioning based SQGs, and results of sediment-spiking studies, these site- specific sediment TTs likely represent the concentrations of PCBs that are sufficient to cause toxicity to benthic invertebrates (as opposed to simply being correlated with adverse effects on the survival, weight, or reproduction of benthic invertebrates). Importantly, such site-specific sediment TTs have been demonstrated to accurately classify sediment samples as toxic or not toxic to benthic invertebrates at the Anniston PCB Site. In contrast, the TTs for metals, PAHs, and organochlorine pesticides were generally lower than consensus-based SQGs (that is, probable effect concentrations), and LC<sub>50s</sub> (median lethal effect concentrations) generated in spiked-sediment toxicity tests, indicating that these COPCs are likely not the main contributors to the observed toxicity of the site sediments evaluated in this study. The reproduction endpoint for <i>H. azteca</i> provided lower TTs compared to the day 28 biomass endpoint for <i>H. azteca</i> and the emergence or biomass endpoints for adult <i>C. dilutus</i> provided lower TTs compared to the day 13 biomass endpoint for <i>C. dilutus</i>.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135125","issn":"2328-0328","usgsCitation":"Ingersoll, C.G., Steevens, J., MacDonald, D., Brumbaugh, W.G., Coady, M.R., Farrar, J.D., Lotufo, G.R., Kemble, N.E., Kunz, J.L., Stanley, J.K., and Sinclair, J., 2014, Evaluation of toxicity to the amphipod, <i>Hyalella azteca</i>, and to the midge, <i>Chironomus dilutus</i>; and bioaccumulation by the oligochaete, <i>Lumbriculus variegatus</i>, with exposure to PCB-contaminated sediments from Anniston, Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5125, Report: ix, 122 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135125.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 122 p.; 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