{"pageNumber":"5381","pageRowStart":"134500","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165623,"records":[{"id":2318,"text":"wsp2043 - 1976 - Water in carbonate rocks of the Madison Group in southeastern Montana: A preliminary evaluation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-09T21:53:53.074397","indexId":"wsp2043","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2043","title":"Water in carbonate rocks of the Madison Group in southeastern Montana: A preliminary evaluation","docAbstract":"The Madison Group of Mississippian age comprises, from oldest to youngest, the Lodgepole and Mission Canyon Limestones and the Charles Formation. The Madison crops out in the Bighorn and Pryor Mountains and in the mountains west of the study area. These rocks consist of cyclically deposited normal-marine carbonates and restricted-marine carbonates and evaporites. The Madison ranges in thickness from about 700 feet (210 metres) in the Bighorn Mountains to about 2,000 feet (610 metres) in the Williston basin. The top of the Madison ranges in depth from land surface in the mountains to about 10,000 feet (3,000 metres) below land surface along the MontanaWyoming border. \r\n\r\nThe potentiometric surface of water in the Madison Group slopes northeastward from the outcrops. Potentiometric lows occur in the Cat Creek anticline-Porcupine dome area along the Bighorn River and at the north end of Powder River basin. Potentiometric highs occur in outcrop areas, on the interstream divide between the Bighorn, Tongue, and Yellowstone Rivers, and along the Cedar Creek anticline. The potentiometric surface ranges from 1,200 feet (370 metres) below land surface in the topographically high areas in the southern part of the area to 1,000 feet (300 metres) above land surface along the Yellowstone River. \r\n\r\nYields from wells range from about 50 gallons per minute (3 litres per second) at several places to a reported 1,400 gallons per minute (88 litres per second) from a flowing well on the north side of the Porcupine dome. Yields estimated or reported from drill-stem tests range from about 1 to 157 gallons per minute {0.1 to 9.9 litres per second). Water from the Madison generally contains less than 3,000 milligrams per litre dissolved solids south of T. 1 N., and from 3,000 to 10,000 milligrams per litre in most of the remaining area; in the Williston basin the concentration increases to more than 100,000 milligrams per litre. In the southeastern and southwestern parts of the area, calcium, magnesium, and sulfate ions constitute more than 75 percent of the dissolved constituents, in milliequivalents per litre. North of about T. 8 N., sodium, potassium, and chloride ions constitute more than 50 percent of the dissolved constituents; in the Williston basin, sodium, potassium, and chloride ions constitute more than 75 percent of the total.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2043","usgsCitation":"Miller, W.R., 1976, Water in carbonate rocks of the Madison Group in southeastern Montana: A preliminary evaluation: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2043, Report: v, 51 p.; Table, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2043.","productDescription":"Report: v, 51 p.; Table","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":28158,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2043/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":94720,"rank":2,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2043/plate-table_2.pdf","text":"Table 2","size":"1030","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":410241,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25545.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":137858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2043/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Madison Group","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.5,\n 47.517\n ],\n [\n -108.5,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -104.0540,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -104.0540,\n 47.517\n ],\n [\n -108.5,\n 47.517\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624957","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, W. Roger","contributorId":60191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Roger","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":105,"text":"wsp2172 - 1976 - Ground-water levels in the United States, 1970-74, South-central states","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:10","indexId":"wsp2172","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2172","title":"Ground-water levels in the United States, 1970-74, South-central states","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nFor sale by Branch of Distribution, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2172","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1976, Ground-water levels in the United States, 1970-74, South-central states: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2172, v, 172 :ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2172.","productDescription":"v, 172 :ill., maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2172/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24710,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2172/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667553","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2079,"text":"wsp2038 - 1976 - Hydrology and environmental aspects of Erie Canal (1817-99)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:23","indexId":"wsp2038","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2038","title":"Hydrology and environmental aspects of Erie Canal (1817-99)","docAbstract":"As the first major water project in the United States, the old Erie Canal provides an example of the hydrological and environmental consequences of water development. The available record shows that the project aroused environmental fears that the canal might be impaired by the adverse hydrologic effects of land development induced by the canal. Water requirements proved greater than anticipated, and problems of floods and hydraulic inefficiencies beset navigation throughout its history. The Erie Canal proved the practicality of major hydraulic works to the extent that operations and maintenance could cope with the burdens of deficiencies in design. \r\n\r\nThe weight of prior experience that upland streams, such as the Potomac and Mohawk Rivers, had proved unsatisfactory for dependable navigation, led to a decision to build an independent canal which freed the location from the constraints of river channels and made possible a cross-country water route directly to Lake Erie. \r\n\r\nThe decision on dimensioning the canal prism--chiefly width and depth-involved balance between a fear of building too small and thus not achieving the economic potentials, and a fear of building too expensively. The constraints proved effective, and for the first part of its history the revenues collected were sufficient to repay all costs. So great was the economic advantage of the canal that the rising trend in traffic soon induced an enlargement of the canal cross section, based upon a new but riskier objective-build as large as the projected trend in toll revenues would finance. The increased revenues did not materialize. \r\n\r\nWater supplies were a primary concern for both the planners and the operators of the canal. Water required for lockage, although the most obvious to the planners, proved to be a relatively minor item compared with the amounts of water that were required to compensate for leakage through the bed and banks of the canal. Leakage amounted to about 8 inches of depth per day. The total quantities of water taken into the canal made it the largest hydraulic undertaking of the 19th century in the United States. The diversion of water to factories that were attracted to the canal as a source of hydraulic power added to the water requirements. Although new feeders and reservoirs to extend the supply were built throughout the canal's history, these efforts to cope with water shortages were never fully successful. The primary cause of the persistent deficiencies in supply was the method used to estimate the available flow of the. streams during extended dry spells. Ad hoc, spot measurements of streamflow consistently led to overestimation of the dependable supply. \r\n\r\nThere was a persistent hydraulic problem as well. The cross section of the canal, especially when obstructed by many barges, was inadequate to convey the large volumes of water needed to maintain navigable depths over the long distances between feeders. \r\n\r\nThe major flood problem was caused by cross-drainage--the small creeks that crossed under the canal in culverts. Washout of culverts was a never-ending source of sporadic disruption of traffic of 1 or 2 weeks duration. Repairs and replacements could not cope with the problem created by deficiency in information ,about the flood potentials of 'the small streams. \r\n\r\nA fortunate occurrence of severe floods in 1817 at the start of canal construction provided such clear and persuasive evidence of the flood potentials of the, Mohawk River, which the canal followed for about 110 miles, so as to compel putting the canal at a high level in difficult terrain. \r\n\r\nEnvironmental anxieties, broached early in the planning of the canal, centered on the potentially adverse effects of land development and deforestation on floods, water supply, and erosion. The flow of rivers did not decrease as originally feared. Land use did not increase the intensity of flooding and so endanger the canal. Viewed first as a conveyor of pure water from Lake ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2038","usgsCitation":"Langbein, W.B., 1976, Hydrology and environmental aspects of Erie Canal (1817-99): U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2038, vi, 92 p. :ill., maps ;23 cm. --, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2038.","productDescription":"vi, 92 p. :ill., maps ;23 cm. --","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2038/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27639,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2038/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db6050f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langbein, Walter Basil","contributorId":40581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"Basil","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4231,"text":"cir734 - 1976 - The Alaskan Mineral Resource Assessment Program: Background information to accompany folio of geologic and mineral resource maps of the Tanacross quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-28T21:16:16.877528","indexId":"cir734","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"734","title":"The Alaskan Mineral Resource Assessment Program: Background information to accompany folio of geologic and mineral resource maps of the Tanacross quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Tanacross quadrangle, consisting of 17,400 km 2 (6,700 mi 2) in east-central Alaska, was investigated by an interdisciplinary research team for the purpose of assessing the mineral resource potential of the quadrangle. This report provides the background information for a folio of maps on the geology, geophysics, reconnaissance geochemistry, Landsat imagery, and mineral resource evaluation of the quadrangle. Revisions to the previously published geologic map of the Tanacross quadrangle, 18 new potassium-argon ages, and a comprehensive bibliography are also included.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir734","usgsCitation":"Foster, H.L., Albert, N.R., Barnes, D., Curtin, G., Griscom, A., Singer, D., and Smith, J., 1976, The Alaskan Mineral Resource Assessment Program: Background information to accompany folio of geologic and mineral resource maps of the Tanacross quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 734, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir734.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":31345,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1976/0734/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1976/0734/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":391119,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24019.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Tanacross quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -144,\n 64.250\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 64.250\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 63\n ],\n [\n -144,\n 63\n ],\n [\n -144,\n 64.250\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db68346d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, Helen Laura","contributorId":21936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Helen","email":"","middleInitial":"Laura","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Albert, N. R. D.","contributorId":63789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albert","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnes, D.F.","contributorId":48960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Curtin, G.C.","contributorId":89501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtin","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Griscom, Andrew","contributorId":23520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griscom","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Singer, D.A.","contributorId":69128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, James G.","contributorId":44534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"James G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":148492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":4407,"text":"cir727 - 1976 - Summary of miscellaneous potassium-argon age measurements, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California, for the years 1972-74","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-02T15:33:03","indexId":"cir727","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"727","title":"Summary of miscellaneous potassium-argon age measurements, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California, for the years 1972-74","docAbstract":"Potassium-argon age measurements are reported for 61 mineral separates and rock samples from Alaska, Arizona, California, Idaho, Utah, and Washington. The age report for each sample gives location, analytical data, and a brief geologic interpretation.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir727","usgsCitation":"1976, Summary of miscellaneous potassium-argon age measurements, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California, for the years 1972-74: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 727, iii, 13 p. ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir727.","productDescription":"iii, 13 p. ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":31514,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1976/0727/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":117503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1976/0727/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699e45","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Berry, A.L.","contributorId":25924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730094,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dalrymple, G. B.","contributorId":10407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalrymple","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730095,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lanphere, M. A.","contributorId":35298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730096,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":3},{"text":"Von Essen, J.C.","contributorId":56208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Von Essen","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730097,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":4}],"editors":[{"text":"Berry, A.L.","contributorId":25924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730090,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dalrymple, G. B.","contributorId":10407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalrymple","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730091,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lanphere, M. A.","contributorId":35298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730092,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Von Essen, J.C.","contributorId":56208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Von Essen","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730093,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":3396,"text":"cir723D - 1976 - Earthquakes in the United States, October-December 1974","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-27T21:01:20.546612","indexId":"cir723D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"723","chapter":"D","title":"Earthquakes in the United States, October-December 1974","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

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The precision for low, medium, and high concentrations of each element determined is represented by superimposed frequency diagrams and displays the frequency of reported values occurring within one-sixth order reporting intervals about the mean.Results are derived from mixed analyst and instrument conditions with no controls enforced other than randomization of samples. The precision of the six-step (one-sixth order) semiquantitative spectrographic analysis utilized by the Denver-based mobile laboratories exceeds that which is necessary for exploration geochemistry. Disallowing results obtained near the detection levels, the repeatability of the method, in general, is shown to be within on adjoining reporting interval on each side of the mean, 83 percent of the time, and within two adjoining reporting intervals on each side of the mean 96 percent of the time.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/cir738","usgsCitation":"Motooka, J.M., and Grimes, D.J., 1976, Analytical precision of one-sixth order semiquantitative spectrographic analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 738, iii, 25 p. :graphs ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir738.","productDescription":"iii, 25 p. :graphs ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1976/0738/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30668,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1976/0738/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e7cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Motooka, J. M.","contributorId":8834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Motooka","given":"J.","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grimes, D. J.","contributorId":73575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimes","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4199,"text":"cir737 - 1976 - Status of ground-water modeling in the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:37","indexId":"cir737","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"737","title":"Status of ground-water modeling in the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is active in the development and use of models for the analysis of various types of ground-water problems. Types of problems for which models have been, or are being, developed include: (1) ground-water flow in saturated or partially unsaturated materials, (2) land subsidence resulting from ground-water extraction, (3) flow in coupled ground water-stream systems, (4) coupling of rainfall-runoff basin models with soil moisture accounting and aquifer flow models, (5) interaction of economic and hydrologic considerations, (6) predicting the transport of contaminants in an aquifer, and (7) estimating the effects of proposed development schemes for geothermal systems. The status of modeling activity for various models is reported as being in a developmental, verification, operational, or continued improvement phase. Recently published references that provide useful details on the characteristics of the models are identified. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir737","usgsCitation":"Appel, C.A., and Bredehoeft, J., 1976, Status of ground-water modeling in the U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 737, iii, 9 p. ;26 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/cir737.","productDescription":"iii, 9 p. ;26 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123802,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1976/0737/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31313,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1976/0737/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df2b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Appel, Charles A.","contributorId":14376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Appel","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bredehoeft, J.D.","contributorId":12836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bredehoeft","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3389,"text":"cir723A - 1976 - Earthquakes in the United States, January-March 1974","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-07T19:21:25.457512","indexId":"cir723A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"723","chapter":"A","title":"Earthquakes in the United States, January-March 1974","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir723A","usgsCitation":"Stover, C.W., Simon, R.B., and Person, W., 1976, Earthquakes in the United States, January-March 1974: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 723, vi, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir723A.","productDescription":"vi, 18 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":408113,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23722.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":30406,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1976/0723a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":117976,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1976/0723a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n 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B.","contributorId":31375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Person, W. J.","contributorId":91472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":4098,"text":"cir746 - 1976 - Phosphorite and other apatite-bearing sedimentary rocks in the Precambrian of northern Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-08T18:08:27.405828","indexId":"cir746","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"746","title":"Phosphorite and other apatite-bearing sedimentary rocks in the Precambrian of northern Michigan","docAbstract":"

Phosphatic pebbles are widespread in basal units of the Marquette Range Supergroup (Precambrian X) in the central part of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. At one locality, a conglomeratic bed about 15 m thick averages about 15 percent P2O5, and many thinner beds are of comparable grade. This occurrence is believed to be the richest sedimentary phosphate deposit known in the Precambrian of the United States, as well as one of the oldest. Although outcrops are generally scarce, similar material has been found at four other localities in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir746","usgsCitation":"Cannon, W.F., and Klasner, J.S., 1976, Phosphorite and other apatite-bearing sedimentary rocks in the Precambrian of northern Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 746, iii, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir746.","productDescription":"iii, 6 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406382,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23962.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":31202,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1976/0746/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123020,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1976/0746/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.658,\n 46.425\n ],\n [\n -87.433,\n 46.425\n ],\n [\n -87.433,\n 47\n ],\n [\n -88.658,\n 47\n ],\n [\n -88.658,\n 46.425\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adee4b07f02db68740c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, William F. 0000-0002-2699-8118 wcannon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":1883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"William","email":"wcannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":148184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klasner, J. S.","contributorId":66228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klasner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3379,"text":"cir735 - 1976 - Guidelines for sample collecting and analytical methods used in the U.S. Geological Survey for determining chemical composition of coal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:30","indexId":"cir735","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"735","title":"Guidelines for sample collecting and analytical methods used in the U.S. Geological Survey for determining chemical composition of coal","docAbstract":"This report is intended to meet the many requests for information on current U.S. Geological Survey procedures in handling coal samples.\r\n\r\nIn general, the exact type and number of samples of coal and associated rock to be collected are left to the best judgment of the geologist. Samples should be of unweathered coal or rock and representative of the bed or beds sampled; it is recommended that two channel samples, separated by 10 to 100 yards (10 to 100 metres) and weighing 4 to 5 pounds ( 1.8 to 2.3 kilograms) each, be collected of each 5 feet ( 1.5 metres) of vertical section. Care must be taken to avoid any sample contamination, and to record the exact locality, thickness, and stratigraphic information for each sample.\r\n\r\nAnalytical methods are described for the determination of major, minor, and trace elements in coal. Hg, As, Sb, F, Se, U, and Th are determined in the raw coal, and the following 34 elements are determined after ashing the coal: Si, Al, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe (total), Cl, Ti, Mn, P, S (total), Cd, Li, Cu, Zn, Pb, B, Ba, Be, Co, Cr, Ga, La, Mo, Nb, Ni, Sc, Sr, Ti, V, Y, Yb, and Zr. The methods used to determine these elements include atomic absorption spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, optical emission spectroscopy, spectrophotometry, selective-ion electrode, and neutron activation analysis. A split of representative coal samples is submitted to the U.S. Bureau of Mines for proximate, ultimate, forms of sulfur, and Btu determinations.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/cir735","usgsCitation":"Swanson, V.E., and Huffman, C., 1976, Guidelines for sample collecting and analytical methods used in the U.S. Geological Survey for determining chemical composition of coal: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 735, iv, 11 p. ;26 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/cir735.","productDescription":"iv, 11 p. ;26 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":69,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/c735/index.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124439,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1976/0735/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30392,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1976/0735/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a42e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, Vernon Emanuel","contributorId":59014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Vernon","email":"","middleInitial":"Emanuel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huffman, Claude","contributorId":60615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huffman","given":"Claude","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3376,"text":"cir730 - 1976 - Geologic appraisal of the petroleum potential of offshore southern California; the borderland compared to onshore coastal basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:30","indexId":"cir730","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"730","title":"Geologic appraisal of the petroleum potential of offshore southern California; the borderland compared to onshore coastal basins","docAbstract":"Offshore southern California is part of a much larger Pacific continental margin, and the two areas have a similar geologic history at least as far back as middle Tertiary time. Assessment of the petroleum potential of the offshore Southern California borderland is accomplished by examining the adjacent highly explored productive coastal basins in the tectonically unstable area west of the San Andreas fault. Known oil and gas accumulations in this region can be characterized as follows: 88 percent comes from the Los Angeles and Ventura basins; 87 percent has been found in late Miocene and younger strata and only 0.2 percent has been found in Eocene strata; 80 percent has been found in thick deposits of deep-water turbidite reservoirs; and 5 percent has been found in fractured Miocene siliceous shale reservoirs. The percentage of siliceous shale reservoirs will increase as a result of recent discoveries in this rock type in the Santa Barbara Channel. Of the 212 known fields only 5 are giants (greater than 500 million barrels), and these fields account for 52 percent of all past production from the region. Most fields are faulted anticlines, and the largest fields have the highest oil recoveries per acre. \r\n\r\nGeologic knowledge of the offshore is limited by the availability of data. Data have been obtained from geophysical surveys, analyses of bedrock samples from the sea floor, and extrapolations of data from the mainland and offshore islands. Several factors have a negative effect on the assessment of the petroleum potential of the southern California borderland. They are: \r\n\r\n1. The Neogene section is relatively thin, and the Paleogene section is thin and has a limited distribution. \r\n\r\n2. Over large areas, Miocene sediments apparently rest directly on basement. \r\n\r\n3. Along much of the Santa Rosa-Cortes Ridge, sediments are uplifted and truncated, exposing Paleogene rocks. \r\n\r\n4. Organic content in Paleogene sediments is believed too low to generate large amounts of petroleum. \r\n\r\n5. Source rocks are immature, even in sediments as old as Eocene. \r\n\r\n6. Burial and thermal history are insufficient for the generaton of hydrocarbons over much of the borderland area. \r\n\r\n7. Documented oil and gas seeps are unknown seaward of the Channel Islands.\r\n\r\n8. Limited exploratory drilling nearshore, the best prospective area, has not been favorable. \r\n\r\n9. Adequate or thick reservoirs of deep-water turbidire origin are not evident. \r\n\r\nThese negative factors are partly offset by the following positive factors: \r\n\r\n1. Miocene sediments are excellent potential source rocks. \r\n\r\n2. Asphaltic oil in rocks of Monterey-type lithology may be generated at lower than normal temperatures. \r\n\r\n3. Shallow-water sands of reservoir quality possibly are present in the uppermost Paleogene and lowermost Neogene section. \r\n\r\n4. Potential structural traps may be analogous to major structural producing trends onshore. \r\n\r\n5. Fractured shale reservoirs may be present along flanks of major banks and ridges. \r\n\r\n6. Buried and unsampled Paleogene and Late Cretaceous sediments may be better source rocks than those sampled and measured. \r\n\r\nThe southern California borderland, although a part of a locally rich petroliferous region, has no known basins with geologic histories or characteristics similar to the Los Angeles and Ventura basins. Some offshore basins are similar to less endowed basins in terms of petroleum potential such as the Santa Maria and Salinas basins. Areas with the best petroleum potential may be in deep water (greater than 500 m). Some of the past high estimates of the petroleum potential may have been overstated; the existing geologic data tend to substantiate low estimates of 0.6 to 5.8 billion barrels of oil and 0.6 to 5.8 trillion ft3 of gas for the southern California borderland at the 5 and 95 percent probability level.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir730","usgsCitation":"Taylor, J.C., 1976, Geologic appraisal of the petroleum potential of offshore southern California; the borderland compared to onshore coastal basins: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 730, iv, 43 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/cir730.","productDescription":"iv, 43 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1976/0730/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30386,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1976/0730/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e9c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, James Carlton","contributorId":18745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"Carlton","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3072,"text":"wsp1608Q - 1976 - Hydrologic evaluation of salinity control and reclamation projects in the Indus Plain, Pakistan--A summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:37","indexId":"wsp1608Q","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1608","chapter":"Q","title":"Hydrologic evaluation of salinity control and reclamation projects in the Indus Plain, Pakistan--A summary","docAbstract":"This report summarizes the observations and findings of a team of four specialists from the U.S. Geological Survey assigned to Pakistan under the auspices of the U.S. Agency for International Development during May to August 1972 for a hydrologic evaluation of Salinity Control and Reclamation Projects in the Indus Plain Individual members of the team undertook comprehensive studies related to climatology, surface-water hydrology, and the canal system; streamflow and sediment yields of the rivers; computer applications to hydrologic data; aquifer characteristics; hydrologic evaluation of Salinity Control and Reclamation Projects (SCARPs); tubewell performance; hydrology of shallow versus deep tubewells; well and well-screen design in the Indus Plain; evaluation of observed and anticipated trends in both private and public tubewell development; evaluation of water-quality programs, data analysis, and records, and computer coding of special water-quality data; and evaluation of water-level data, well discharge and specific-capacity tests and aquifer tests. \r\n\r\nThe reclamation program, by pumping from tubewells, has been notably successful in lowering the water table, in providing supplemental water for irrigation and for leaching of salinized soils, and in improving crop production. Some changes in water quality have been observed in SCARP-I and the Mona Scheme of SCARP-II, but these have not as yet (1972) significantly affected the utility of the water for irrigation. Problems associated with reclamation include control of deterioration in performance of tubewells and their rehabilitation, local brackish or saline-water encroachment, and maintenance of a favorable salt balance in the ground-water system. \r\n\r\nRapid and as yet (1972) unregulated growth of shallow private tubewell development in the past decade has introduced complicating factors to the reclamation planning of the early 1960's which had emphasized public tubewell development through the SCARP program. In comparing shallow (0-200 feet) with deep (200-400 feet} tubewell development, it is concluded that long-term response of the water table is the same, whether many shallow wells of small capacity or fewer deeper wells of large capacity pump the same total volume of water in the same area. Moreover, it is concluded that there is no definite advantage for either type of pumping regime with respect to water quality. \r\n\r\nUtilization of the Punjab aquifer could be greatly enhanced by recharge of high-quality water diverted from the Chenab and Jhelum Rivers to the Ravi and Sutlej Rivers by way of the link and irrigation canals during periods of surplus flow. Recharge to the aquifer could also be improved by diversion of high-quality water from the Chenab and the Jhelum to natural nalas and other surface drainageways during periods of surplus flow. Such recharge would be of much better quality than water leaching downward from irrigated fields. Continued monitoring of the hydrologic system and research on problems engendered by reclamation are essential to the viability of the SCARP program and related water-resources development in the Indus River Basin.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1608Q","usgsCitation":"Mundorff, M.J., Carrigan, P., Steele, T., and Randall, A., 1976, Hydrologic evaluation of salinity control and reclamation projects in the Indus Plain, Pakistan--A summary: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1608, v, 59 p. :ill., maps (some fold. col. in pocket) ;24 cm. --, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1608Q.","productDescription":"v, 59 p. :ill., maps (some fold. col. in pocket) ;24 cm. --","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608q/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29939,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608q/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29940,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608q/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29941,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608q/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698575","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mundorff, Maurice John","contributorId":41404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mundorff","given":"Maurice","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carrigan, P.H. Jr.","contributorId":21935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrigan","given":"P.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steele, T.D.","contributorId":38976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Randall, A. D.","contributorId":81077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randall","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":3068,"text":"wsp2004 - 1976 - Artificial recharge through a well in fissured carbonate rock, west St. Paul, Minnesota","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15589,"text":"ofr74367 - 1974 - Artificial recharge through a well in fissured carbonate rock, West St. Paul, Minnesota","indexId":"ofr74367","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"Artificial recharge through a well in fissured carbonate rock, West St. Paul, Minnesota"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":3068,"text":"wsp2004 - 1976 - Artificial recharge through a well in fissured carbonate rock, west St. Paul, Minnesota","indexId":"wsp2004","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"Artificial recharge through a well in fissured carbonate rock, west St. Paul, Minnesota"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T11:07:09","indexId":"wsp2004","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004","title":"Artificial recharge through a well in fissured carbonate rock, west St. Paul, Minnesota","docAbstract":"

The Prairie du Chien Group was injected with 2,754,000 gallons (368,200 cubic feet), or 10,430 cubic metres, of municipally treated water at about 100 gallons per minute (13.4 cubic feet per minute), or 6.3 litres per second, for 20 days. The injection-pipe system was designed to utilize pipe friction rather than a remote-controlled valve in the well to maintain positive pressure and eliminate air entrainment in the injection water and the escape cf dissolved gasses from the water. During the 20-day injection period the temperature of the injection water declined gradually from 15.0° to 11.2°C, and the flow rate decreased from 108 to 90 gallons per minute (6.8 to 5.7 litres per second).

\n

Analyses of test data were, in some instances, based upon hydrologic judgement as well as observations. Results of aquifer tests before and after injections indicated that the transmissivity had decreased 18 percent during the intervening injection periods; however, the specific capacity remained the same, indicating no change in transmissivity during pumping. Analysis of water-level changes in observation wells during injection indicated a reduction in transmissivity of more than 50 percent; however, the specific capacity of the injection well decreased only about 5 percent during injection.

\n

A comparison of water-level changes with the discharge or recharge rates of the three tests showed that the water-level changes in the two observation wells tapping the Prairie du Chien Group during the injection test were greater than those projected from the two aouifer pumping tests. The deviations in the water-level changes and in the analysis of aquifer-test data indicate that the methods used to analyze data from these wells may not be wholly applicable, inasmuch as anisotropic and nonhomogeneous conditions prevail in at least the Prairie du Chien part of the aquifer.

\n

The native water and the injected water averaged 0.8 and 25 milligrams per litre chloride, respectively. The chloride, utilized as a tracer, showed that the injected water was detected only in the lower part of the nearest observation well, 99 feet (30.2 metres) from the injection well. The chemistry of the water and the rock formation showed little likelihood of plugging of the recharge well by chemical precipitation. Microbiological phenomena apparently did not become a significant factor in the recharge test.

\n

The hydraulic gradient of the aquifer in October and December 1971 (before and after injection) was estimated to be N. 36° E., 0.0013, and N. 39° E., 0.0012, respectively, on the basis of measurements of water levels in the three wells in the Prairie du Chien Group. The single-well tracer-dilution method of calculation showed a hydraulic gradient of 0.0016. A longitudinal dispersivity of 280 feet (85 metres) was calculated. Such a value of dispersivity is typical of fractured reservoirs and shows that the Prairie du Chien Group is a heterogeneous aquifer.

\n

The injection test demonstrated that it is hydrologically feasible to recharge the Prairie du Chien Group and the Jordan Sandstone artificially through wells completed in the Prairie du Chien Group. The fissures in the Prairie du Chien Group act as conduits through which water spreads. The water passes into the Jordan Sandstone from the Prairie du Chien over a larger area than it would if it were injected directly into the Jordan.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2004","usgsCitation":"Reeder, H.O., Wood, W., Ehrlich, G.G., and Sun, R.J., 1976, Artificial recharge through a well in fissured carbonate rock, west St. Paul, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2004, vi, 80.p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2004.","productDescription":"vi, 80.p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":29926,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2004/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2004/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"West St. Paul","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672bf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reeder, Harold O.","contributorId":14381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeder","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Warren W.","contributorId":47770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Warren W.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ehrlich, G. G.","contributorId":89126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ehrlich","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sun, Ren Jen","contributorId":68721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"Ren","email":"","middleInitial":"Jen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":3771,"text":"cir743 - 1976 - Land and natural resource information and some potential environmental effects of surface mining of coal in the Gillette area, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:32","indexId":"cir743","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"743","title":"Land and natural resource information and some potential environmental effects of surface mining of coal in the Gillette area, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Campbell County, along the east margin of the Powder River Basin in northeastern Wyoming, contains more coal than any other county in the United States. The principal deposit is the Wyodak-Anderson coal bed. The bed is 50-100 feet (15-30 meters) thick over large areas, lies less than 200 feet (60 meters) deep in a north-south trending strip nearly 100 miles (161 kilometers) long and 2-3 miles (3-5 kilometers) wide, and contains an estimated 15 billion tons (13.6 billion metric tons) of sub-bituminous, low-sulfur coal that is presently considered to be accessible to surface mining. Extensive mining of this deposit has the potential for causing a variety of environmental impacts and has been a matter of much public concern and debate in recent years. \r\n\r\nAn integrated program of geologic, hydrologic, geochemical, and related studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in central Campbell County provides basic information about the land and its resources, including (1) characteristics of the landscape, (2) properties of rocks and surface materials, (3) depth and thickness of coal, (4) streamflow, (5) depth to ground water, (6) quality of ground water, (7) sediment yield, (8) concentrations of trace elements in soils, rocks, coal, vegetation, and water, and (9) current land use. The data are used to analyze and predict some of the potential environmental effects of surface mining, such as the extent of land disturbance, nature and degree of landscape modification, and disruption of surface-water and ground-water systems. Advance knowledge and understanding of these and other problems are useful in the planning and regulation of future leasing, mining, reclamation, and related activities.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of Interior, Geological Survey : distributed by Branch of Distribution, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir743","usgsCitation":"Keefer, W.R., and Hadley, R.F., 1976, Land and natural resource information and some potential environmental effects of surface mining of coal in the Gillette area, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 743, vi, 27 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/cir743.","productDescription":"vi, 27 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1976/0743/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30838,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1976/0743/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b12d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keefer, William Richard","contributorId":12024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hadley, R. F.","contributorId":27028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hadley","given":"R.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3308,"text":"cir742 - 1976 - Bibliography and index of U.S. Geological Survey publications relating to coal, 1971-1975","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:40","indexId":"cir742","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"742","title":"Bibliography and index of U.S. Geological Survey publications relating to coal, 1971-1975","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir742","usgsCitation":"Walker, F., 1976, Bibliography and index of U.S. Geological Survey publications relating to coal, 1971-1975: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 742, v, 32 p. ;26 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/cir742.","productDescription":"v, 32 p. ;26 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1976/0742/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30307,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1976/0742/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a315","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, Flora K.","contributorId":14810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"Flora K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3107,"text":"wsp2103 - 1976 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 1, North Atlantic slope basins, v. 3, Basins from Maryland to York River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:36","indexId":"wsp2103","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2103","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 1, North Atlantic slope basins, v. 3, Basins from Maryland to York River","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2103","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1976, Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 1, North Atlantic slope basins, v. 3, Basins from Maryland to York River: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2103, x, 971 p. :tables ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2103.","productDescription":"x, 971 p. :tables ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2103/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30019,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2103/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af5e4b07f02db692419","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3788,"text":"cir715E - 1976 - Selection of streamflow and reservoir-release models for river-quality assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T13:56:27","indexId":"cir715E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"715","chapter":"E","title":"Selection of streamflow and reservoir-release models for river-quality assessment","docAbstract":"For nearly half a century the Willamette River in Oregon experienced severe dissolved-oxygen problems related to large loads of organically rich waste waters from industries and municipalities. Since the mid-1950 's dissolved oxygen quality has gradually improved owing to low-flow augmentation, the achievement of basinwide secondary treatment, and the use of other waste-management practices. As a result, summer dissolved-oxygen levels have increased, salmon runs have returned, and the overall effort is widely regarded as a singular water-quality success. To document the improved dissolved-oxygen regimen, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted intensive studies of the Willamette during the summer low-flow seasons of 1973 and 1974. During each summer the mean daily dissolved-oxygen levels were found to be higher than 5 milligrams per liter throughout the river. Because of the basinwide secondary treatment, carbonaceous deoxygenation rates were low. In addition, almost half of the biochemical oxygen demand entering the Willamette was from diffuse (nonpoint) sources rather than outfalls. These results indicated that point-source biochemical oxygen demand was no longer the primary cause of dissolved-oxygen depletion. Instead, the major causes of deoxygenation were nitrification in a shallow ' surface active ' reach below Salem and an anomalous oxygen demand (believed to be primarily of benthal origin) in Portland Harbor. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/cir715E","usgsCitation":"Jennings, M.E., Shearman, J.O., and Bauer, D.P., 1976, Selection of streamflow and reservoir-release models for river-quality assessment: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 715, v, p E1-E12, ill., map ;26 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/cir715E.","productDescription":"v, p E1-E12, ill., map ;26 cm. 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","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1976/0717c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31000,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1976/0717c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb85b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4275,"text":"cir740 - 1976 - Earthquakes and related catastrophic events, Island of Hawaii, November 29, 1975: A preliminary report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-22T20:25:59.173838","indexId":"cir740","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"740","title":"Earthquakes and related catastrophic events, Island of Hawaii, November 29, 1975: A preliminary report","docAbstract":"

The largest earthquake in over a century--magnitude 7.2 on the Richter Scale--struck Hawaii the morning of November 29, 1975, at 0448. It was centered about 5 km beneath the Kalapana area on the southeastern coast of the island at 19° 20.1 ' N., long 155° 01.4 ' W.). The earthquake was preceded by numerous foreshocks, the largest of which was a 5.7-magnitude jolt at 0336 the same morning, and was accompanied, or closely followed, by a tsunami seismic sea wave), massive ground movements, hundreds of aftershocks, and a volcanic eruption. The tsunami reached a height of 12.2-14.6 m above sea level on the southeastern coast about 25 km west of the earthquake center, elsewhere generally 8 m or less. The south flank of Kilauea Volcano, which forms the southeastern part of the island, was deformed by dislocations along old and new faults along a 25-km long zone. Downward and seaward fault displacements resulted in widespread subsidence, locally as much as 3.5 m, leaving coconut palms standing in the sea and nearly submerging a small, near-shore island. A brief, small-volume volcanic eruption, triggered by the earthquake and associated ground movements occurred at Kilauea's summit about three-quarters of an hour later. The earthquake, together with the tsunami it generated, locally caused severe property damage in the southeastern part of the island; the tsunami also caused two deaths. Damage from the earthquake and related catastrophic events is estimated by the Hawaii Civil Defense Agency at about $4.1 million. The 1975 Kalapana earthquake and accompanying events represent the latest events in a recurring pattern of behavior for Kilauea. A large earthquake of about the same magnitude, tsunami, subsidence, and eruption occurred at Kilauea in 1868, and a less powerful earthquake and similar related processes are believed to have occurred in 1823. Indeed, the geologic evidence suggests that such events have been repeated many times in Kilauea's past and will continue. The 1975 events serve as a critical, though tragic, reminder of the dynamic nature of the volcano and point up the need for careful land-use planning and adequate building codes to minimize damage and loss of life from similar events in the future. Detailed scientific study of the cause and effects of the November 29, 1975, event will take many months. This report summarizes information available in February 1976.

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