The effect of progressive natural weathering on the isotopic (Rb-Sr, K-Ar, δD, δ18O) and chemical (REE, H2O+) compositions of biotite has been studied on a suite of migmatitic biotites from the Chad Republic. During the early stages of weathering the Rb-Sr system is strongly affected, the hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions change markedly, the minerals are depleted in light REE, the water content increases by a factor of two, and the K-Ar system is relatively little disturbed. During intensive weathering the K-Ar system is more strongly disturbed than the Rb-Sr system.
Most of the isotopic and chemical modifications take place under nonequilibrium conditions and occur before newly formed kaolinite and/or smectite can be detected. These observations suggest that
(a) “protominerals” may form within the biotite structure during the initial period of weathering, and
(b) only when chemical equilibrium is approached in the weathering profile are new minerals able to form.
New radiometric ages on tuffs from south-central Peru support the postulated flare-up of volcanic activity during early Miocene time. In the region of Huancavelica, Julcani, and Lircay, lower Miocene rocks lie on folded strata of pre-Cenozoic age; the absence of units of Eocene and early Oligocene age indicates that this area remained positive after Incaic deformation in Eocene time. Conglomerate beds reflecting erosion attendant on the first pulse of late Cenozoic (Quechuan) compressive deformation do not appear in the stratigraphic record until after 21.5 m.y. B.P. In one section, beds of coarse conglomerate are underlain by tuff dated at 18.3 ± 0.6 m.y. and overlain by tuff dated at 17.3 ± 0.2 m.y. At another locality, beds of conglomerate conformably overlie tuff dated at 19.6 ± 0.8 m.y. If we incorporate published data from other areas in central and southern Peru, it appears that Quechuan deformation began in early Miocene time between 19.5 and 17 m.y. ago. A firm age for the end of the first pulse of Quechuan deformation in this region is provided by an ash-flow sheet dated at 12 to 12.5 m.y. that unconformably overlies strata of Eocene to early Miocene age.
We present petrographic, chemical and isotopic data for fresh lava samples dredged from three regions: (1) the fossil Galapagos Rise; (2) an elongate volcano near this extinct spreading center; and (3) the East Pacific Rise at 10°S. The samples from the Galapagos Rise are among the first samples from any fossil spreading center to be analyzed. Alkalic picrites from the elongate seamount and transitional basalts from the East Pacific Rise are both somewhat unusual rock types considering their respective tectonic environments.
\nThe dredges from the East Pacific Rise at about 10°S recovered unusual transitional, light rare-earth element (LREE) enriched basalts which show a range of fractionation. On the basis of their chemical and isotopic abundances, it is unlikely that the lavas are related by a single simple process of magmatic differentiation. We suggest that the mantle source region of these basalts was chemically and isotopically heterogeneous. The chemistry of LREE-depleted tholeiitic basalt dredged from near the axis of the extinct Galapagos Rise indicates complex petrogenesis and differentiation. The presence of tholeiitic basalts here indicates that unlike the Guadalupe and Mathematician fossil ridges, the Galapagos Rise has not been the site of voluminous post-abandonment alkalic volcanism. Alkalic basalts of picritic bulk composition dredged from an elongate seamount near the Galapagos Rise do not represent liquid compositions. Instead, we suggest that these alkalic liquids contain added olivine and plagioclase xenocrysts. Although most of the samples analyzed are very fresh, a few have been altered. The latter exhibit characteristic chemical and isotopic effects of seawater alteration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(82)90032-9","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Batiza, R., Oestrike, R., and Futa, K., 1982, Chemical and isotopic diversity in basalts dredged from the East Pacific Rise at 10°S, the fossil Galapagos Rise and the Nazca plate: Marine Geology, v. 49, no. 1-2, p. 115-132, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(82)90032-9.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"132","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f546e4b0c8380cd4c144","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Batiza, Rodey","contributorId":95613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batiza","given":"Rodey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oestrike, Richard","contributorId":23275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oestrike","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Futa, Kiyoto 0000-0001-8649-7510 kfuta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8649-7510","contributorId":619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Futa","given":"Kiyoto","email":"kfuta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":361975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011706,"text":"70011706 - 1982 - Palladium, platinum, rhodium, iridium and ruthenium in chromite- rich rocks from the Samail ophiolite, Oman.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:33","indexId":"70011706","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Palladium, platinum, rhodium, iridium and ruthenium in chromite- rich rocks from the Samail ophiolite, Oman.","docAbstract":"30 samples of chromitite and chromite-rich rocks from two stratigraphic sections, 250 km apart, through the basal ultramafic member of the Samail ophiolite were spectrographically analysed for platinum-group elements (PGE) and for Co, Cu, Ni and V. These data are reported as are Cr/(Cr + Al), Mg/(Mg + Fe) and wt.% TiO2 for most samples. The chromitite occurs as pods or lenses in rocks of mantle origin or as discontinuous layers at the base of the overlying cumulus sequence. PGE abundances in both sections are similar, with average contents in chromite-rich rocks: Pd 8 ppb, Pt 14 ppb, Rh 6 ppb, Ir 48 ppb and Ru 135 ppb. The PGE data, combined with major-element and petrographic data on the chromitite, suggest: 1) relatively larger Ir and Ru contents and highest total PGE in the middle part of each section; 2) PGE concentrations and ratios do not correlate with coexisting silicate and chromite abundances or chromite compositions; 3) Pd/PGE, on average, increases upward in each section; 4) Samail PGE concentrations, particularly Rh, Pt and Pd, are lower than the average values for chromite-rich rocks in stratiform intrusions. 2) suggests that PGEs occur in discrete alloy or sulphide phases rather than in the major oxides or silicates, and 4) suggests that chromite-rich rocks from the oceanic upper mantle are depleted in PGE with respect to chondrites. L.C.C.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00084476","usgsCitation":"Page, N., Pallister, J., Brown, M., Smewing, J., and Haffty, J., 1982, Palladium, platinum, rhodium, iridium and ruthenium in chromite- rich rocks from the Samail ophiolite, Oman.: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 20, no. 4, p. 537-548.","startPage":"537","endPage":"548","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a747ce4b0c8380cd77686","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Page, N.J.","contributorId":38125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"N.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pallister, J.S.","contributorId":46534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pallister","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, M.A.","contributorId":46217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smewing, J.D.","contributorId":12197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smewing","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haffty, J.","contributorId":93187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haffty","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70011890,"text":"70011890 - 1982 - Diamond collecting in northern Colorado.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:34","indexId":"70011890","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2749,"text":"Mineralogical Record","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diamond collecting in northern Colorado.","docAbstract":"The discovery of numerous diamond-bearing kimberlite diatremes in the N Front Range of Colorado and Wyoming is of both scientific and economic interest. Species recovered from heavy-mineral concentrates include Cr-diopside, spinel, Mg-ilmenite, pyrope and diamond. A nodule tentatively identified as a graphite-diamond eclogite was also found. -G.W.R.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineralogical Record","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00264628","usgsCitation":"Collins, D.S., 1982, Diamond collecting in northern Colorado.: Mineralogical Record, v. 13, no. 4, p. 205-208.","startPage":"205","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221321,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00a5e4b0c8380cd4f832","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, D. S.","contributorId":54590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011889,"text":"70011889 - 1982 - Properties, origin and nomenclature of rodlets of the inertinite maceral group in coals of the central Appalachian basin, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-24T01:33:25.449322","indexId":"70011889","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Properties, origin and nomenclature of rodlets of the inertinite maceral group in coals of the central Appalachian basin, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Resin rodlets, sclerenchyma strands and woody splinters, which are collectively called rodlets, were studied by chemical, optical petrographic, and scanning-electron microscopic (SEM) techniques. A study was made of such rodlets from the bituminous coal beds of the central Appalachian basin (Pennsylvanian; Upper Carboniferous) of the United States. Comparisons were made with rodlets from coal beds of the Illinois basin, the Southern Anthracite Field of Pennsylvania, the St. Rose coal field of Nova Scotia, and European and other coal fields. In order to determine their physical and chemical properties, a detailed study was made of the rodlets from the Pomeroy coal bed (high volatile A bituminous coal; Monongahela Formation; Upper Pennsylvanian) of Kanawha County, West Virginia. The origin of the rodlets was determined by a comparative analysis of a medullosan (seed fern) stem from the Herrin (No. 6) coal bed (high volatile C bituminous coal; Carbondale Formation) from Washington County, Illinois. Rodlets are commonly concentrated in fusain or carbominerite layers or lenses in bituminous coal beds of the central Appalachian basin. Most of the rodlets examined in our study were probably derived from medullosan seed ferns. The three types of rodlets are distinguished on the basis of cellularity, morphology and fracture.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0166-5162(82)90019-2","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Lyons, P., Finkelman, R.B., Thompson, C., Brown, F.W., and Hatcher, P.G., 1982, Properties, origin and nomenclature of rodlets of the inertinite maceral group in coals of the central Appalachian basin, U.S.A.: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 1, no. 4, p. 313-346, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-5162(82)90019-2.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"313","endPage":"346","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221263,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8f26e4b0c8380cd7f5d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyons, P.C.","contributorId":87285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finkelman, R. B.","contributorId":20341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, C.L.","contributorId":12189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, F. W.","contributorId":92653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hatcher, Patrick G.","contributorId":93625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatcher","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70011586,"text":"70011586 - 1982 - Morphology, distribution, and development of submarine canyons on the United States Atlantic continental slope between Hudson and Baltimore Canyons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-13T14:34:57","indexId":"70011586","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphology, distribution, and development of submarine canyons on the United States Atlantic continental slope between Hudson and Baltimore Canyons","docAbstract":"The distribution and morphology of submarine canyons off the eastern United States between Hudson and Baltimore Canyons have been mapped by long-range sidescan sonar. In this area canyons are numerous, and their spacing correlates with overall slope gradient; they are absent where the gradient is less than 3°, are 2 to 10 km apart where the gradient is 3° to 5°, and are 1.5 to 4 km apart where the gradient exceeds 6°. Canyons range from straight to sinuous; those having sinuous axes indent the edge of the continental shelf and appear to be older than those that head on the upper slope and have straighter axes. A difference in canyon age would suggest that canyons are initiated on the continental slope and only with greater age erode headward to indent the shelf. Shallow gullies on the middle and upper slope parts of the canyon walls suggest that submarine erosion has been a major process in a recent phase of canyon development.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1982)10<408:MDADOS>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Twichell, D.C., and Roberts, D.G., 1982, Morphology, distribution, and development of submarine canyons on the United States Atlantic continental slope between Hudson and Baltimore Canyons: Geology, v. 10, no. 8, p. 408-412, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1982)10<408:MDADOS>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"408","endPage":"412","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221597,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Baltimore Canyon, Hudson Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.1357421875,\n 37.55764242679524\n ],\n [\n -74.1357421875,\n 39.5633531658293\n ],\n [\n -70.7794189453125,\n 39.5633531658293\n ],\n [\n -70.7794189453125,\n 37.55764242679524\n ],\n [\n -74.1357421875,\n 37.55764242679524\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e5de4b0c8380cd709b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twichell, David C.","contributorId":37730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":361470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roberts, David G.","contributorId":39937,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014347,"text":"1014347 - 1982 - Biological effects of dietary T-2 toxin on rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-03T19:29:08.230568","indexId":"1014347","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biological effects of dietary T-2 toxin on rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri","docAbstract":"A 16-wk feeding study was conducted to evaluate the chronic toxicity of graded levels (0, 1.0, 2.5.5, 10 and 15 mg/kg of chemically pure dietary T-2 toxin (4,15-diacetoxy-8-(3-methylbutyryloxy)-12,13-epoxy-Δ9-tricothecen-3-ol) in 1-g rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, held in 9°C single-passage well water. Levels of T-2 toxin > 2.5 mg/kg depressed growth, efficiency of feed use, hematocrit, blood hemoglobin concentration and feed acceptance, and caused a transitory edema in a dose-dependent manner. Growth of trout fed a semipurified diet containing the toxin was described by the function: Y = 0.265 + 142.075 e(0.029X1− 1.554x23.7), where Y = gain as percentage starting weight per wk; X1 is time in wk and 0 ⩽ X1⩽16; and X2 is T-2 content of diet in mg/kgand 0⩽X2⩽15.
Exposure of fish to T-2 toxin did not affect activity of intestinal lumen chymoirypsin or trypsin, nitrogen digestibility or metabolizabte energy. Feeding of 15 mg/kg T-2 toxin to adult trout caused hemorrhaging in the intestines and regurgitation of subsequently intubated feed regardless of T-2 loxin content.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0166-445X(82)90007-8","usgsCitation":"Poston, H.A., Coffine, J.L., and Combs, G.F., 1982, Biological effects of dietary T-2 toxin on rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri: Aquatic Toxicology, v. 2, no. 2, p. 79-88, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-445X(82)90007-8.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"88","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131421,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db6234bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poston, H. A.","contributorId":21893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poston","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coffine, J. L.","contributorId":55391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coffine","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Combs, G. F. Jr.","contributorId":31352,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Combs","given":"G.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011625,"text":"70011625 - 1982 - Worth of geophysical data in natural- disaster- insurance rate setting.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-15T16:38:31.608254","indexId":"70011625","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5202,"text":"Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology","onlineIssn":"1558-8432","printIssn":"1558-8424","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Worth of geophysical data in natural- disaster- insurance rate setting.","docAbstract":"Insurance firms that offer natural-disaster insurance base their rates on available information. The benefits from collecting additional data and incorporating this information to improve parameter estimates of probability distributions that are used to characterize natural-disaster events can be determined by computing changes in premiums as a function of additional data. Specifically, the worth of data can be measured by changes in consumer's surplus (the widely applied measure of benefits to consumers used in benefit-cost analysis) brought about when the premiums are adjusted. In this paper, a formal model of the process for setting insurance rates is hypothesized in which the insurance firm sets rates so as to trade off penalties of overestimation and underestimation of expected damages estimated from currently available hydrologic data. A Bayesian preposterior analysis is performed which permits the determination of the expected benefits of collecting additional geophysical data by examining the changes in expected premium rates as a function of the longer record before the data are actually collected. An estimate of the expected benefits associated with collecting more data for the representative consumer is computed using an assumed demand function for insurance. In addition, a sensitivity analysis of expected benefits to changes in insurance demand and firm rate-setting procedures is carried out. From these results, conclusions are drawn regarding aggregate benefits to all flood insurance purchasers.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/1520-0450(1982)021<0453:WOGDIN>2.0.CO;2","issn":"08948763","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E.D., and Karlinger, M., 1982, Worth of geophysical data in natural- disaster- insurance rate setting.: Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, v. 21, no. 4, p. 453-460, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1982)021<0453:WOGDIN>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"453","endPage":"460","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480275,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1982)021<0453:wogdin>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":221057,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd1dce4b08c986b32f5b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, E. D. 0000-0001-6845-7160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":107672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"E.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlinger, M.R.","contributorId":95039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlinger","given":"M.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011705,"text":"70011705 - 1982 - Stolzite from Tsumeb.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:33","indexId":"70011705","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2749,"text":"Mineralogical Record","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stolzite from Tsumeb.","docAbstract":"The world's largest known crystal of stolzite (1.3 X 1.3 X 2.5 cm) is described. It is associated with tennantite and quartz, and is from the Tsumeb mine, Tsumeb, Namibia. Forms present include (001), (111), (101), (122), and (212). Spectrographic analyses indicate a nearly end-member composition with Mo, Fe, Ba, Ca, and Mn present in trace amounts only. This stolzite fluoresces lemon- yellow and red in shortwave and longwave UV light, respectively.-G.W.R.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineralogical Record","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00264628","usgsCitation":"Foord, E., and Conklin, N.M., 1982, Stolzite from Tsumeb.: Mineralogical Record, v. 13, no. 3, p. 149-150.","startPage":"149","endPage":"150","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b985fe4b08c986b31bfd8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foord, E.E.","contributorId":86835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foord","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conklin, N. M.","contributorId":100398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conklin","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011490,"text":"70011490 - 1982 - Low-temperature formation of hydrocarbon gases in San Francisco Bay sediment (California, U.S.A.)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T13:45:39","indexId":"70011490","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low-temperature formation of hydrocarbon gases in San Francisco Bay sediment (California, U.S.A.)","docAbstract":"To understand the processes responsible for the presence of low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons (C1-C4) in anoxic environments, we studied sediments collected from an anaerobic estuarine mudflat. In these sediments methane (C1) was several orders of magnitude more abundant than all other C2-C4 hydrocarbons; the C1 (C2 + C3) ratio was ??? 13,000. Mean ethane/ethene and propane/propene ratios were 0.4 and 0.7, respectively. Production of C1-C4 hydrocarbons was monitored during prolonged incubation (7 months) of sediments at 27?? and 4??C. Samples stored at 27??C generated significant quantities of C1-C4 hydrocarbon gases. Incubation at 4??C inhibited production of these gases. Several bactericides were tested with respect to their ability to inhibit formation of gaseous hydrocarbons. Sodium azide, chloroform, and 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid effectively inhibited methane formation, but not ethene formation in dilute continuously-shaken sediment slurries. Zephiran chloride only caused partial inhibition of methanogenesis (46%) and ethene generation (34%) in these slurries. In experiments with more concentrated unshaken sediment slurries, however, zephiran chloride and sodium azide did not block formation of methane, ethane, or propane. Only storage at -10??C prevented production of these gases. These results indicate that C1-C4 hydrocarbons can be formed by low-temperature reactions, possibly mediated by microorganisms. ?? 1982.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(82)90084-5","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Vogel, T., Oremland, R., and Kvenvolden, K., 1982, Low-temperature formation of hydrocarbon gases in San Francisco Bay sediment (California, U.S.A.): Chemical Geology, v. 37, no. 3-4, p. 289-298, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(82)90084-5.","startPage":"289","endPage":"298","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266114,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(82)90084-5"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a5ee4b0c8380cd68cf7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vogel, T.M.","contributorId":30360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kvenvolden, K.A.","contributorId":80674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011703,"text":"70011703 - 1982 - Paleoecological studies at Lake Patzcuaro on the west-central Mexican Plateau and at Chalco in the basin of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-26T16:00:14","indexId":"70011703","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoecological studies at Lake Patzcuaro on the west-central Mexican Plateau and at Chalco in the basin of Mexico","docAbstract":"A 1520-cm sediment core from Lake Patzcuaro, Michoacan, Mexico, is 44,000 yr old at the base. All parts of the core have abundant pollen of Pinus (pine), Alnus (alder), and Quercus (oak) with frequent Abies (fir). The interval dated from 44,000 to 11,000 yr ago has a homogeneous flora characterized by abundant Juniperus (juniper) pollen and frequent Artemisia (sagebrush). It is believed to represent an appreciably drier and colder climate than at present. The Holocene at Lake Patzcuaro is characterized by a moderate increase in Pinus pollen and the loss of Juniperus pollen, as the modern type of climate succeeded. Alnus was abundant until about 5000 yr ago; its abrupt decrease with the first appearance of herbaceous weed pollen may reflect the cutting of lake-shore and stream-course alder communities for agricultural purposes, or it may simply reflect a drying tendency in the climate. Pollen of Zea (corn) appears at Lake Patzcuaro along with low peaks of chenopod and grass pollen at 3500 yr B.P. apparently recording a human population large enough to modify the natural environment, as well as the beginning of agriculture. A rich aquatic flora in this phase suggests eutrophication of the lake by slope erosion. In the most recent period corn is absent from the sediments, perhaps reflecting a change in agricultural practices. The environment changes at Lake Patzcuaro are similar to and correlate with those in the Cuenca de Mexico, where diatom stratigraphy from the Chalco basin indicates fluctuations in lake levels and lake chemistry in response to variations in available moisture. Before 10,000 yr ago climates there were cool and dry, and the Chalco basin was occupied by a shallow freshwater marsh that drained north to Lake Texcoco, where saline water accumulated by evaporation. Increases in effective moisture and possible melting of glaciers during the Holocene caused lake levels to rise throughout the Cuenca de Mexico, and Lake Texcoco flooded the Chalco basin with brackish water. After 5000 yr ago such flooding decreased, and shallow freshwater ponds and marshes were restored in the Chalco basin. This environmental change coincides with the appearance of Zea pollen and suggests cultural control of lake levels and salinity. ?? 1982.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(82)90045-X","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Watts, W., and Bradbury, J., 1982, Paleoecological studies at Lake Patzcuaro on the west-central Mexican Plateau and at Chalco in the basin of Mexico: Quaternary Research, v. 17, no. 1, p. 56-70, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(82)90045-X.","startPage":"56","endPage":"70","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266567,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(82)90045-X"},{"id":221307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a73d7e4b0c8380cd772a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watts, W.A.","contributorId":95616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradbury, J.P.","contributorId":14431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradbury","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011696,"text":"70011696 - 1982 - The chemical and isotopic record of rock-water interaction in the Sherman Granite, Wyoming and Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:27","indexId":"70011696","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The chemical and isotopic record of rock-water interaction in the Sherman Granite, Wyoming and Colorado","docAbstract":"Chemical, isotopic, radiographic, and rock-leaching data are combined to describe the effects of rock-water interactions in core samples of petrographically fresh, 1.43 b.y.-old Sherman Granite. The data serve to identify sensitive indicators of incipient alteration and to estimate the degree, pathways, and timing of element mobilization. Unfractured core samples of Sherman Granite are remarkably fresh by most chemical or isotopic criteria, but incipient alteration is indicated by the abundance and distribution of uranium and the degree of radioactive equilibration of uranium with its decay products. Uranium abundances which are out of equilibrium with lead decay products indicate remobilization of a portion (3 to 60 percent) of original uranium in late Phanerozoic time. Association of uranium with minor but pervasive secondary alteration products also indicates some remobilization. The amount of apparent uranium mobility in unfractured Sherman Granite (3 to 60 percent) is small compared to the results of similar studies of Archean granites from nearby localities. Chemical and isotopic data evaluated as a function of core-sample depth suggest a uranium migrational pathway involving near-surface leaching and reconcentration at depth. Movement of solutions through the upper 200 ft (60 m) of Sherman Granite is fracture controlled, and brecciated granite shows more obvious petrographic, chemical, and isotopic evidence of alteration and multi-element redistribution. Laboratory experiments using freshly crushed Sherman Granite confirm that uranium is leached in preference to elements such as Si, Mg, Ca, and K, and that leachable uranium is situated close to the solid-liquid interface; perhaps as uranium along grain boundaries, in crystal defects, or on cleavage traces of minerals that exclude uranium from their structure. ?? 1981 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00398915","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Zielinski, R.A., Peterman, Z.E., Stuckless, J., Rosholt, J., and Nkomo, I.T., 1982, The chemical and isotopic record of rock-water interaction in the Sherman Granite, Wyoming and Colorado: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 78, no. 3, p. 209-219, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00398915.","startPage":"209","endPage":"219","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205089,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00398915"}],"volume":"78","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa28e4b08c986b322730","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zielinski, R. A. 0000-0002-4047-5129","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":106930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":361735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterman, Z. E.","contributorId":63781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stuckless, J. S.","contributorId":6060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckless","given":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosholt, J.N.","contributorId":37749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosholt","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nkomo, Ignatius T.","contributorId":61044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nkomo","given":"Ignatius","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70011692,"text":"70011692 - 1982 - Chemistry and isotope ratios of sulfur in basalts and volcanic gases at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-18T14:18:42.458757","indexId":"70011692","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemistry and isotope ratios of sulfur in basalts and volcanic gases at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Eighteen basalts and some volcanic gases from the submarine and subaerial parts of Kilauea volcano were analyzed for the concentration and isotope ratios of sulfur. By means of a newly developed technique, sulfide and sulfate sulfur in the basalts were separately but simultaneously determined. The submarine basalt has 700 ± 100 ppm total sulfur with δ34SΣs of
The volcanic sulfur gases, predominantly SO2, from the 1971 and 1974 fissures in Kilauea Crater have δ34S values of 0.8 to 0.9%., slightly heavier than the total sulfur in the submarine basalts and definitely heavier than the subaerial basalts, in accord with the above model. However, the δ34S value of sulfur gases (largely SO2) from Sulfur Bank is 8.0%., implying a secondary origin of the sulfur. The δ34S values of native sulfur deposits at various sites of Kilauea and Mauna Loa volcanos, sulfate ions of four deep wells and hydrogen sulfide from a geothermal well along the east rift zone are also reported. The high δ34S values (+5 to +6%.o) found for the hydrogen sulfide might be an indication of hot basalt seawater reaction beneath the east rift zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(82)90024-2","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Sakai, H., Casadevall, T.J., and Moore, J., 1982, Chemistry and isotope ratios of sulfur in basalts and volcanic gases at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 46, no. 5, p. 729-738, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(82)90024-2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"729","endPage":"738","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221059,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5a4e4b0c8380cd4c32c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sakai, H.","contributorId":92800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sakai","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casadevall, T. J.","contributorId":96680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casadevall","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, J.G.","contributorId":67496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1014392,"text":"1014392 - 1982 - You asked for it! Predator articles stimulate comments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:11","indexId":"1014392","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":855,"text":"Aquaculture Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"You asked for it! Predator articles stimulate comments","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquaculture Magazine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"None/FF","usgsCitation":"Martin, M., 1982, You asked for it! Predator articles stimulate comments: Aquaculture Magazine, v. 8, no. 4, p. 46-48.","productDescription":"p. 46-48","startPage":"46","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129377,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ace4b07f02db5c6811","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, M.","contributorId":103217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011677,"text":"70011677 - 1982 - The 57Fe Mössbauer parameters of pyrite and marcasite with different provenances","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-05T14:15:21","indexId":"70011677","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 57Fe Mössbauer parameters of pyrite and marcasite with different provenances","docAbstract":"Eighteen pyrite and twelve marcasite samples which have different provenances have been investigated to determine the systematics of the influence of mineralogical and geological factors on the 57Fe Mössbauer spectra at 298 K. The following results have been obtained: there is no ambiguity in distinguishing single phase pyrite from single phase marcasite by means of 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy at 298 K. At 298 K the average electric quadrupole splitting, 〈ΔEQ〉, and average isomer shift, 〈δ〉, with respect to Fe metal, are 0.6110 ± 0.0030 mm s−1 and 0.313 ± 0.008 mm s−1, respectively, for the 18 pyrites; 〈ΔEQ〉 = 0.5030 ± 0.0070 mm s−1 and 〈δ〉 = 0.2770 ± 0.0020 mm s−1 for the 12 marcasites. At 77 K, ΔEQ is 0.624 mm s−1 for pyrite and 0.508 mm s−1 for marcasite. In distinguishing pyrites from marcasites, spectra obtained at 77 K are not warranted.
\nThe Mössbauer parameters of pyrite and marcasite exhibit appreciable variations, which bear no simple relationship to the geological environment in which they occur but appear to be selectively influenced by impurities, especially arsenic, in the pyrite lattice. Quantitative and qualitative determinations of pyrite/marcasite mechanical mixtures are straightforward at 298 K and 77 K but do require least-squares computer fittings and are limited to accuracies ranging from ±5 to ±15 per cent by uncertainties in the parameter values of the pure phases. The methodology and results of this investigation are directly applicable to coals for which the presence and relative amounts of pyrite and marcasite could be of considerable genetic significance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(82)90028-X","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Evans, B., Johnson, R.G., Senftle, F.E., Cecil, C.B., and Dulong, F., 1982, The 57Fe Mössbauer parameters of pyrite and marcasite with different provenances: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 46, no. 5, p. 761-775, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(82)90028-X.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"761","endPage":"775","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480276,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/24003>","text":"External Repository"},{"id":220852,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba657e4b08c986b321085","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, B.J.","contributorId":23687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, R. G.","contributorId":39350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Senftle, F. E.","contributorId":47788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senftle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cecil, C. B. 0000-0002-9032-1689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-1689","contributorId":62204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dulong, F. 0000-0001-7388-647X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7388-647X","contributorId":74880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dulong","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70011695,"text":"70011695 - 1982 - Environmental implications of test-to-substrate attachment among some modern sublittoral foraminifera","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-14T16:13:33","indexId":"70011695","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental implications of test-to-substrate attachment among some modern sublittoral foraminifera","docAbstract":"Topographic highs on the outer continental shelf of New Jersey are sites for the concentration of three species of attached calcareous benthic foraminifera. Elphidium subarcticum Cushman, normally considered a vagrant species, cements itself by an organic film to one or more quartz grains. Webbinella concave (Williamson) attaches to quartz grains by secreting a flange-like calcite skirt at one side of its globuline test. Vasiglobulina reticulate n. sp. has evolved the most elaborate system of attachment: numerous closely spaced spines connect the globuline test to a thin calcite lamina, which is in turn cemented to quartz grains.
\n\n
The attachment mode of these species suggests that the added weight of the quartz grains may reduce displacement during the periodic resuspension of the shelf sediments by longshore and tidal current motion. The distribution of living populations of these species corroborates sedimentological inferences that little or no modern deposition takes place on the sampled topographic highs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1982)93<252:EIOTAA>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Poag, C.W., 1982, Environmental implications of test-to-substrate attachment among some modern sublittoral foraminifera: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 93, no. 3, p. 252-268, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1982)93<252:EIOTAA>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"252","endPage":"268","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221128,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.10302734375,\n 38.950865400919994\n ],\n [\n -73.10302734375,\n 39.99395569397331\n ],\n [\n -71.685791015625,\n 39.99395569397331\n ],\n [\n -71.685791015625,\n 38.950865400919994\n ],\n [\n -73.10302734375,\n 38.950865400919994\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"93","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09d0e4b0c8380cd52095","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poag, C. Wylie","contributorId":52714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poag","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Wylie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011880,"text":"70011880 - 1982 - Upper crustal structure of the Mount Hood, Oregon, region as revealed by time term analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-16T14:47:54.258421","indexId":"70011880","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upper crustal structure of the Mount Hood, Oregon, region as revealed by time term analysis","docAbstract":"Seismic refraction data with a dense areal distribution were collected to study the seismic structure of Mount Hood and the surrounding region. This area is typical of Cascade volcanoes and is geologically quite complex. The prime goals of this project were to search for velocity variations in the upper crustal rocks and to determine if the velocity of these rocks is anisotropic. A new system, including 100 remote recording units, was developed to facilitate the collection of data in this type of survey. The data collected in this study reveal a large variation in velocity and thickness of the uppermost crustal rocks that is probably typical of the High Cascade province. A regional structural pattern surrounding Mount Hood, where there is a marked thinning of low-velocity near-surface rocks, suggests that the present edifice of Mount Hood lies on top of a much larger structure, possibly the roof of a large batholith that was emplaced prior to the eruption of the volcanic rocks that form the modern mountain. A straightforward time term analysis of the data reveals this structure. When the time terms are used to correct the travel time observations for the variation in structure under each station, the remaining set of residuals indicates a variation of travel time with azimuth. While a systematic error in the time term reduction cannot be ruled out, this variation is probably the result of anisotropic velocity structure in the underlying refractor. The alignment of the direction of maximum velocity with the direction of maximum principal stress and the decrease in anisotropy with depth suggest that the anisotropic velocity structure is related to the opening and closing of fractures in the present stress field. The direction of maximum velocity is about N25°W, and the degree of anisotropy appears to vary with depth from about 3% near the surface to zero at depths below 8 km.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB087iB01p00339","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Kohler, W., Healy, J.H., and Wegener, S., 1982, Upper crustal structure of the Mount Hood, Oregon, region as revealed by time term analysis: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 87, no. B1, p. 339-355, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB087iB01p00339.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"339","endPage":"355","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221135,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"B1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd56e4b08c986b328f8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kohler, W.M.","contributorId":62999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohler","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Healy, J. H.","contributorId":48968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wegener, S.S.","contributorId":67654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wegener","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011621,"text":"70011621 - 1982 - Application of modulus degradation model of clays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-14T16:11:17.715981","indexId":"70011621","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2547,"text":"Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of modulus degradation model of clays","docAbstract":"A degradation model is applied in conjunction with different soil models and stress-strain relations to site response analyses during earthquakes. To evaluate the effects of degradation, computations on two clay deposits subjected to both high and low-level input excitations are conducted. In addition, modulus degradation with or without shear strength reduction is discussed. In terms of surface response, degradation has little effect in the case of low-level excitation. With high-level excitatfons, however, degradation causes lower surface spectral response in the shorter period range, and the difference is on the same order as that from different soil models. Where surface response differs, the use of degradation with strength reduction is less conservative when compared to the use of degradation without strength reduction.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/AJGEB6.0001347","usgsCitation":"Chen, A., 1982, Application of modulus degradation model of clays: Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, v. 108, no. GT10, p. 1203-1214, https://doi.org/10.1061/AJGEB6.0001347.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1203","endPage":"1214","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221053,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"GT10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eca8e4b0c8380cd493f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, A.T.F.","contributorId":47523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"A.T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011620,"text":"70011620 - 1982 - Estimating irrigation water use and withdrawal of ground water on the High Plains, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-20T09:17:03","indexId":"70011620","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":661,"text":"Advances in Space Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating irrigation water use and withdrawal of ground water on the High Plains, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"In four decades following the Dust Bowl days of the 1930's, extensive areas of dry farming and rangeland on the semi-arid U.S. High Plains were transformed into a vast region of irrigated oases, producing meat and grain for much of the world. The agricultural economy has experienced such rapid growth in part because of the availability of ground water and because of development of new irrigation technology to use that water for agriculture. However, more water is being used than is being replaced. To estimate both the volume of water withdrawn and the regional scope of the problem a technique has been developed that combines multispectral data from Earth-orbiting satellite with known pumpage data for the same growing season. The location and extent of irrigated cropland-some with different crops watered at different times-is inventoried using computer-assisted analysis of the data from Landsat. The amount of water used is estimated by multiplying and summing surface area of irrigated agriculture and the average measured pumpage from sampled sites. Published findings to date are cited in the Selected References. All suggest transferability of a promising technology to the study of land transformation processes elsewhere. ?? 1983.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Space Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0273-1177(82)90229-0","issn":"02731177","usgsCitation":"Wray, J.R., 1982, Estimating irrigation water use and withdrawal of ground water on the High Plains, U.S.A.: Advances in Space Research, v. 2, no. 8, p. 127-129, https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(82)90229-0.","startPage":"127","endPage":"129","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220987,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266023,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(82)90229-0"}],"volume":"2","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b24e4b0c8380cd525be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wray, J. R.","contributorId":51851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wray","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011792,"text":"70011792 - 1982 - The solubility of quartz in aqueous sodium chloride solution at 350°C and 180 to 500 bars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-05T14:13:41","indexId":"70011792","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The solubility of quartz in aqueous sodium chloride solution at 350°C and 180 to 500 bars","docAbstract":"The solubility of quartz in 2, 3, and 4 molal NaCl was measured at 350°C and pressures ranging from 180 to 500 bars. The molal solubility in each of the salt solutions is greater than that in pure water throughout the measured pressure range, with the ratio of solubility in NaCl solution to solubility in pure water decreasing as pressure is increased. The measured solubilities are significantly higher than solubilities calculated using a simple model in which the water activity in NaCl solutions decreases either in proportion to decreasing vapor pressure of the solution as salinity is increased or in proportion to decreasing mole fraction of water in the solvent.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(82)90136-3","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Fournier, R.O., Rosenbauer, R.J., and Bischoff, J.L., 1982, The solubility of quartz in aqueous sodium chloride solution at 350°C and 180 to 500 bars: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 46, no. 10, p. 1975-1978, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(82)90136-3.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1975","endPage":"1978","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb042e4b08c986b324d3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fournier, Robert O.","contributorId":73202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fournier","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenbauer, Robert J. brosenbauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"Robert","email":"brosenbauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":361968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":361967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011811,"text":"70011811 - 1982 - Seasonal growth in the bivalve Macoma balthica near the southern limit of its range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-02T17:41:34.917836","indexId":"70011811","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal growth in the bivalve Macoma balthica near the southern limit of its range","docAbstract":"Shell-length growth in Macoma balthica from San Francisco Bay, California, as measured on living animals in situ, is highly seasonal despite a mild Mediterranean climate: a long period of near non-growth from May to the following February is followed by a short period of rapid growth between March and May. The rapid-growth period follows the spawning period during January/February and ends as water temperature rises above about 15??C. Despite the shortness of the growth period, M. balthica grows larger at a given age in San Francisco Bay than is recorded elsewhere in the world. Application of a model, developed elsewhere from these same field measurements, shows that (1) measurable growth occurs during the summer/autumn/early winter \"nongrowth\" period, (2) there is an autumn recruitment, and (3) both spring and autumn recruits combine to form a single \"one-year-old\" size grouping. None of these features is detectable through growth-ring analysis of field samples, apparently because of indistinct climatic seasons, or through size-frequency histogram analysis because of the combined effects of slow growth and intermittent recruitment. ?? 1982 Estuarine Research Federation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.2307/1352108","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Nichols, F., and Thompson, J., 1982, Seasonal growth in the bivalve Macoma balthica near the southern limit of its range: Estuaries, v. 5, no. 2, p. 110-120, https://doi.org/10.2307/1352108.","startPage":"110","endPage":"120","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88ace4b08c986b316ac9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, F.H.","contributorId":88020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"F.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, J.K.","contributorId":103300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011813,"text":"70011813 - 1982 - An automatic optimum kernel-size selection technique for edge enhancement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:57:13","indexId":"70011813","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An automatic optimum kernel-size selection technique for edge enhancement","docAbstract":"Edge enhancement is a technique that can be considered, to a first order, a correction for the modulation transfer function of an imaging system. Digital imaging systems sample a continuous function at discrete intervals so that high-frequency information cannot be recorded at the same precision as lower frequency data. Because of this, fine detail or edge information in digital images is lost. Spatial filtering techniques can be used to enhance the fine detail information that does exist in the digital image, but the filter size is dependent on the type of area being processed. A technique has been developed by the authors that uses the horizontal first difference to automatically select the optimum kernel-size that should be used to enhance the edges that are contained in the image.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0034-4257(82)90005-0","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Chavez, P.S., and Bauer, B.P., 1982, An automatic optimum kernel-size selection technique for edge enhancement: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 12, no. 1, p. 23-38, https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(82)90005-0.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"38","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea21e4b0c8380cd48665","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chavez, Pat S. Jr.","contributorId":39870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chavez","given":"Pat","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bauer, Brian P.","contributorId":58946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011606,"text":"70011606 - 1982 - Two-dimensional compressional wave velocity structure under San Francisco Volcanic Field, Arizona, from teleseismic P residual measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-16T15:02:27.34143","indexId":"70011606","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two-dimensional compressional wave velocity structure under San Francisco Volcanic Field, Arizona, from teleseismic P residual measurements","docAbstract":"A low compressional-wave velocity region in the midcrust below the San Francisco Mountain stratovolcano, Arizona, has been detected by the teleseismic P residual technique. This region is approximately 6 km wide, lies between elevations of 9 km and 34 km below sea level, and has a compressional velocity reduction of more than 6% with respect to the surrounding rocks. Several mechanisms are found to be quantitatively sufficient to produce such a feature. These include (1) a cool silicic pluton enclosed in a more mafic crust, (2) high temperature (near but below the solidus) in a quartz-bearing rock in the low-velocity region, (3) high density of water-filled cracks having pore pressures nearly equal to lithostatic pressure, and (4) the presence of melt, either in intergranular pores or in crystal-poor dikes.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB087iB07p05451","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Stauber, D., 1982, Two-dimensional compressional wave velocity structure under San Francisco Volcanic Field, Arizona, from teleseismic P residual measurements: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 87, no. B7, p. 5451-5459, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB087iB07p05451.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"5451","endPage":"5459","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220782,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"B7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb992e4b08c986b327c84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stauber, D.A.","contributorId":52183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauber","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}