Increasing global energy demand is fostering the development of renewable energy as an alternative to fossil fuels. However, renewable energy facilities may adversely affect wildlife. Facility siting guidelines recommend or require project developers complete pre‐ and postconstruction wildlife surveys to predict risk and estimate effects of proposed projects. Despite this, there are no published studies that have quantified the types of surveys used or how survey types are standardized within and across facilities. We evaluated 628 peer‐reviewed publications, unpublished reports, and citations, and we analyzed data from 525 of these sources (203 facilities: 193 wind and 10 solar) in the United States and Canada to determine the frequency of pre‐ and postconstruction surveys and whether that frequency changed over time; frequency of studies explicitly designed to allow before‐after or impact‐control analyses; and what types of survey data were collected during pre‐ and postconstruction periods and how those data types were standardized across periods and among facilities. Within our data set, postconstruction monitoring for wildlife fatalities and habitat use was a standard practice (n = 446 reports), but preconstruction estimation of baseline wildlife habitat use and mortality was less frequently reported (n = 84). Only 22% (n = 45) of the 203 facilities provided data from both pre‐ and postconstruction, and 29% (n = 59) had experimental study designs. Of 108 facilities at which habitat‐use surveys were conducted, only 3% estimated of detection probability. Thus, the available data generally preclude comparison of biological data across construction periods and among facilities. Use of experimental study designs and following similar field protocols would improve the knowledge of how renewable energy affects wildlife.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/cobi.13457","usgsCitation":"Conkling, T., Loss, S.R., Diffendorfer, J., Duerr, A., and Katzner, T., 2021, Limitations, lack of standardization, and recommended best practices in studies of renewable energy effects on birds and bats: Conservation Biology, v. 35, no. 1, p. 64-76, https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13457.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"64","endPage":"76","ipdsId":"IP-099190","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384968,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conkling, Tara 0000-0003-1926-8106","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1926-8106","contributorId":217915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conkling","given":"Tara","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loss, S. R. 0000-0002-8753-2995","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8753-2995","contributorId":257044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loss","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":51965,"text":"Department of Natural Resource Ecology & Management, Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Diffendorfer, James E. 0000-0003-1093-6948 jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1093-6948","contributorId":3208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diffendorfer","given":"James E.","email":"jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duerr, A. 0000-0002-6145-8897","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6145-8897","contributorId":257045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duerr","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38830,"text":"Bloom Research Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Katzner, Todd E. 0000-0003-4503-8435 tkatzner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4503-8435","contributorId":191353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katzner","given":"Todd E.","email":"tkatzner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70220490,"text":"70220490 - 2021 - Two-event genesis of Butte lode veins: Geologic and geochronologic evidence from ore veins, dikes, and host plutons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-02T12:12:51.770096","indexId":"70220490","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-31T16:06:19","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Two-event genesis of Butte lode veins: Geologic and geochronologic evidence from ore veins, dikes, and host plutons","docAbstract":"The long-standing ore-genesis model for world-class deposits of the Butte mining district, Montana, is of deep pre-Main Stage porphyry Cu-Mo and overlying Main Stage Ag-Zn-Cu-zoned lode veinsformed from discrete hydrothermal systems related to rhyolite dikes. The lode-specific model describes metals zones that formed in the lode veins as hydrothermal processes diminished in intensity (changing temperature and chemical characteristics) outward from the district center. New geologic and multi-method geochronologic studies pro- vide new timing constraints on the lode veins and reevaluation of geologic relations (Lund and others, 2018), leading to a new model for formation of the lode veins and their relations to stockwork Cu-Mo deposits and igneous events.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Montana Mining and Mineral Symposium 2019","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Montana Mining and Mineral Symposium 2019","conferenceDate":"October 9-11, 2019","language":"English","publisher":"Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology","usgsCitation":"Lund, K., McAleer, R.J., Aleinikoff, J.N., and Cosca, M., 2021, Two-event genesis of Butte lode veins: Geologic and geochronologic evidence from ore veins, dikes, and host plutons, in Proceedings of the Montana Mining and Mineral Symposium 2019, October 9-11, 2019, p. 71-73.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"73","ipdsId":"IP-112266","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386095,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385671,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.mbmg.mtech.edu/mbmgcat/public/ListCitation.asp?pub_id=32264&"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Butte mining district","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.76916503906249,\n 45.882360730184025\n ],\n [\n -112.37640380859375,\n 45.882360730184025\n ],\n [\n -112.37640380859375,\n 46.086566879725034\n ],\n [\n -112.76916503906249,\n 46.086566879725034\n ],\n [\n -112.76916503906249,\n 45.882360730184025\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lund, Karen 0000-0002-4249-3582 klund@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4249-3582","contributorId":1235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"Karen","email":"klund@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McAleer, Ryan J. 0000-0003-3801-7441 rmcaleer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3801-7441","contributorId":215498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAleer","given":"Ryan","email":"rmcaleer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cosca, Michael 0000-0002-0600-7663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-7663","contributorId":33043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosca","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70216098,"text":"70216098 - 2021 - Making Recursive Bayesian inference accessible","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-19T12:08:37.54648","indexId":"70216098","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-04T13:50:20","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":747,"text":"American Statistician","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Making Recursive Bayesian inference accessible","docAbstract":"Bayesian models provide recursive inference naturally because they can formally reconcile new data and existing scientific information. However, popular\nuse of Bayesian methods often avoids priors that are based on exact posterior distributions resulting from former studies. Two existing Recursive Bayesian methods\nare: Prior- and Proposal-Recursive Bayes. Prior-Recursive Bayes uses Bayesian\nupdating, fitting models to partitions of data sequentially, and provides a way\nto accommodate new data as they become available using the posterior from the\nprevious stage as the prior in the new stage based on the latest data. ProposalRecursive Bayes is intended for use with hierarchical Bayesian models and uses a\nset of transient priors in first stage independent analyses of the data partitions.\nThe second stage of Proposal-Recursive Bayes uses the posteriors from the first\nstage as proposals in an MCMC algorithm to fit the full model. We combine\nPrior- and Proposal-Recursive concepts to fit any Bayesian model, and often with\ncomputational improvements. We demonstrate our method with two case studies.\nOur approach has implications for big data, streaming data, and optimal adaptive\ndesign situations.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00031305.2019.1665584","usgsCitation":"Hooten, M., Johnson, D., and Brost, B., 2021, Making Recursive Bayesian inference accessible: American Statistician, v. 75, no. 2, p. 185-194, https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.2019.1665584.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"194","ipdsId":"IP-101580","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454561,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1807.10981","text":"External Repository"},{"id":380171,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-10-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hooten, Mevin 0000-0002-1614-723X mhooten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1614-723X","contributorId":2958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"Mevin","email":"mhooten@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12963,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":804074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Devin S.","contributorId":244505,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Devin S.","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":804076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brost, Brian M.","contributorId":244504,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brost","given":"Brian M.","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":804075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70215993,"text":"70215993 - 2021 - Chemical controls for an integrated pest management program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T18:37:34.89253","indexId":"70215993","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-24T07:40:31","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical controls for an integrated pest management program","docAbstract":"Chemical controls ranging from natural products to synthesized chemicals are widely used in aquatic pest management activities. Chemicals can be used to lure organisms to traps or can cause direct mortality by altering the physiological function of an organism. Much of what is known about controlling pests with chemicals is from research done on terrestrial pesticides. This paper focuses on how chemicals might be used as aquatic pesticides to control or eradicate aquatic invasive species. Current control tools are described, as are new technologies designed to selectively target the pest to reduce risks to nontarget organisms and the environment.
Aquatic invasive plants and animals are increasingly becoming a problem, causing severe economic and ecological damage to critical freshwater systems. The best strategy for controlling an invasive pest employs an integrated pest management (IPM) approach using a combination of biological, physical, chemical, and social/cultural control methods. Here, we examine the history and development of IPM and provide a discussion of the components of an IPM program involving development, evaluation, and management. Control approaches will be reviewed and the application of this technique to aquatic systems will be discussed. A discussion of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission's (GLFC) Integrated Management of Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus Control Program will be provided to illustrate the application of IPM to an aquatic system.
Mercury (Hg) bioaccumulates in aquatic ecosystems and may pose a risk to humans who consume fish. Selenium (Se) has the ability to reduce Hg toxicity, but the current guidance for human consumption of fish is based on Hg concentration alone. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between Se and Hg in freshwater sportfish, for which there is a paucity of existing data. We collected three species of fish from different trophic positions from two drinking water reservoirs in central North Carolina, USA, to assess Hg and Se concentrations in relation to fish total length and to compare two measures of the protective ability of Se, the Se:Hg molar ratio and Se health benefit value (HBVSe), to current guidance for Hg. According to the Se:Hg molar ratio, all of the low trophic position fish sampled and the middle trophic position fish sampled from one of the reservoirs were safe for consumption. The same number of fish were considered safe using the HBVSe. More fish were deemed unsafe when using the Se:Hg molar ratio and HBVSe than were considered unsafe when using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Hg threshold. These findings suggest that the measures of Se protection may be unnecessarily conservative or that the USEPA Hg threshold may not be sufficiently protective of human health, especially the health of sensitive populations like pregnant or nursing mothers and young children. Future examination of the Se:Hg molar ratio and HBVSe from a variety of fish tissue samples would help refine the accuracy of these measures so that they may be appropriately utilized in ecological and human health risk assessment.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/ijerph15091864","usgsCitation":"Johnson, T.K., LePrevost, C.E., Kwak, T.J., and Cope, W.G., 2021, Selenium, mercury, and their molar ratios in sportfishes from drinking water reservoirs: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, v. 15, no. 9, 1864, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091864.","productDescription":"1864, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-100876","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091864","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":388174,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-08-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Tara K. B.","contributorId":264411,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Tara","email":"","middleInitial":"K. B.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LePrevost, C. E.","contributorId":264412,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LePrevost","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kwak, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0616-137X tkwak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-137X","contributorId":834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwak","given":"Thomas","email":"tkwak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cope, W. G.","contributorId":264384,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cope","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70204951,"text":"70204951 - 2021 - Lake Andrei: A pliocene pluvial lake in Eureka Valley, Eastern California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70204951,"text":"70204951 - 2021 - Lake Andrei: A pliocene pluvial lake in Eureka Valley, Eastern California","indexId":"70204951","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"chapter":"8","title":"Lake Andrei: A pliocene pluvial lake in Eureka Valley, Eastern California"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70225733,"text":"70225733 - 2021 - From saline to freshwater: The diversity of western lakes in space and time","indexId":"70225733","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"title":"From saline to freshwater: The diversity of western lakes in space and time"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70225733,"text":"70225733 - 2021 - From saline to freshwater: The diversity of western lakes in space and time","indexId":"70225733","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"title":"From saline to freshwater: The diversity of western lakes in space and time"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-08T18:06:42.694758","indexId":"70204951","displayToPublicDate":"2019-08-27T09:14:28","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"8","title":"Lake Andrei: A pliocene pluvial lake in Eureka Valley, Eastern California","docAbstract":"We used geologic mapping, tephrochronology and 40Ar/39Ar dating to describe evidence of a ca. 3.5 Ma pluvial lake in Eureka Valley, eastern California, that we informally name herein Lake Andrei. We identified six different tuffs in the Eureka Valley drainage basin including two previously undescribed tuffs: the 3.509 ± 0.009 Ma tuff of Hanging Rock Canyon and the 3.506 ± 0.010 Ma tuff of Last Chance (informal names). We focused on four Pliocene stratigraphic sequences. Three sequences are composed of fluvial sandstone and conglomerate with basalt flows in two of these sequences. The fourth sequence, located about 1.5 km south of the Death Valley/Big Pine Road along the western piedmont of the Last Chance Range, included green, fine-grained, gypsiferous lacustrine deposits interbedded with the 3.506 Ma tuff of Last Chance that we interpret as evidence of a pluvial lake. Pluvial Lake Andrei is similar in age pluvial lakes in Searles Valley, Amargosa Valley, Fish Lake Valley and Death Valley of the western Great Basin. We interpret these simultaneous lakes in the region as indirect evidence of a significant glacial climate in western North America during Marine Isotope Stages MG5/M2 and a persistent Pacific jet stream south of 37°N.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"From saline to freshwater: The diversity of western lakes in space and time","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2018.2536(08)","usgsCitation":"Knott, J.R., Wan, E., Deino, A.L., Casteel, M., Reheis, M.C., Phillips, F., Walkup, L., McCarty, K., Manoukian, D.N., and Nunez, E., 2021, Lake Andrei: A pliocene pluvial lake in Eureka Valley, Eastern California, chap. 8 of From saline to freshwater: The diversity of western lakes in space and time, p. 125-142, https://doi.org/10.1130/2018.2536(08).","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"142","ipdsId":"IP-082661","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, 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basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-30T17:39:25.279033","indexId":"70206650","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-31T14:53:55","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of surrounding land-use on mussel growth and glycogen levels in the St. Croix and Minnesota River basins","docAbstract":"Freshwater mussels face threats from climate change and changing land use that are dramatically altering their habitat. The health of mussel populations and the state of current and past environmental conditions can be monitored by measuring mussel growth and glycogen levels. In this study we measured growth and glycogen levels in mussels from two small river basins impacted by different land uses. The Snake River in the St. Croix Basin had low levels of suspended sediments and was surrounded mostly by forest and some developed land. The Chippewa, Cottonwood, and Le Sueur rivers in the Minnesota River Basin had significantly higher annual suspended sediment loads and highly agricultural basins. Mussel growth was highest in the Le Sueur and Cottonwood rivers followed by the Chippewa and the Snake rivers. Mussels in the Minnesota Basin rivers all had higher foot glycogen concentrations than the Snake River. These patterns were similar for two mussel species, suggesting that environmental conditions are likely determining levels of growth. Although agriculture had a negative effect on mussel population abundance and diversity, it had a positive effect on growth and glycogen levels.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10750-019-04016-z","usgsCitation":"Hornbach, D.J., Stutzman, H., Hove, M.C., Kozarek, J., MacGregor, K., Newton, T., and Ries, P., 2021, Influence of surrounding land-use on mussel growth and glycogen levels in the St. Croix and Minnesota River basins: Hydrobiologia, v. 848, p. 3045-3063, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-019-04016-z.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"3045","endPage":"3063","ipdsId":"IP-099796","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-019-04016-z","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":369253,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Chippewa River, Cottonwood River, Le Sueur River, Snake River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.74560546875,\n 43.492782808225\n ],\n [\n -92.52685546875,\n 43.492782808225\n ],\n [\n -92.52685546875,\n 46.927758623434435\n ],\n [\n -96.74560546875,\n 46.927758623434435\n ],\n [\n -96.74560546875,\n 43.492782808225\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"848","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hornbach, Daniel J.","contributorId":220617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hornbach","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37385,"text":"Macalester College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stutzman, Hayley","contributorId":220618,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stutzman","given":"Hayley","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37385,"text":"Macalester College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hove, Mark C.","contributorId":220619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hove","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kozarek, Jessica","contributorId":220620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kozarek","given":"Jessica","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"MacGregor, Kelly","contributorId":220621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacGregor","given":"Kelly","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37385,"text":"Macalester College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Newton, Teresa 0000-0001-9351-5852 tnewton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9351-5852","contributorId":150098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"Teresa","email":"tnewton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ries, Patricia 0000-0001-5095-7896 pries@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5095-7896","contributorId":218175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ries","given":"Patricia","email":"pries@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70254933,"text":"70254933 - 2021 - Gray wolf (Canis lupus) predation patterns following recent recolonization in a multi-predator, multi-prey system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-11T12:07:20.383228","indexId":"70254933","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-19T07:04:34","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gray wolf (Canis lupus) predation patterns following recent recolonization in a multi-predator, multi-prey system","docAbstract":"The late Eocene Florissant Formation in central Colorado is a rich and diverse continental Lagerstätte yielding well-preserved fossil assemblages from lacustrine and fluvial facies. This investigation focused on the lacustrine facies at Clare’s Quarry and used biotic and abiotic evidence to characterize aspects of the lake and processes that resulted in the accumulation and preservation of the host rock and its fossils. Autecology of modern analogs representing the fossil diatom taxa was used to augment sedimentary data in characterizing the lake, propose peripheral habitats within the catchment area, and suggest a terrestrial source for mudstone units.
The sedimentary and stratigraphic record at the study site reveals a lake with sufficient depth to allow bottom waters to remain isolated and anoxic for long periods. Sediments that accumulated in the lake produced distinct lacustrine lithofacies that are interpreted as representing at least three modes of origin: stable lake, pyroclastic, and mud turbidite sedimentation. Slow, suspension settling of fine clays and volcanic ash into a moderately deep, stable lake resulted in laminated shales. These laminated shales contain frustules of diatoms from planktic and benthic lake habitats; diatoms transported into the lake from streams and wetlands; fish, mollusks, ostracods, and insects; and plants from marginal and upslope environments. Intermittent volcanic eruptions produced air-fall ash and granular tuff that accumulated as interbeds within the lake shales. Periods of stable lake sedimentation were frequently interrupted by rapid influxes of suspended fine clays, perhaps as mud-dominated turbidites that prograded into the lake at intervals of high runoff triggered by climatic, volcanic, or tectonic events.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"From saline to freshwater: The diversity of western lakes in space and time","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2018.2536(10)","usgsCitation":"Benson, M., Smith, D.M., and Spaulding, S.A., 2021, Perspectives on the paleolimnology of the late Eocene Florissant lake from diatom and sedimentary evidence at Clare’s Quarry, Teller County, Colorado, USA, chap. 10 of From saline to freshwater: The diversity of western lakes in space and time, v. 536, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.1130/2018.2536(10).","productDescription":"26 p.","ipdsId":"IP-077030","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361012,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Teller County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-105.3232,39.1307],[-105.274,39.1309],[-105.1607,39.1306],[-105.0503,39.1312],[-105.032,39.1311],[-105.026,39.0413],[-105.0296,38.8668],[-105.0502,38.8665],[-105.0674,38.8666],[-105.0671,38.7946],[-104.939,38.7949],[-104.9386,38.7808],[-104.9399,38.6938],[-104.9428,38.6938],[-104.9427,38.6648],[-104.9427,38.6621],[-104.9429,38.6503],[-104.9429,38.6467],[-104.9806,38.6479],[-104.9989,38.649],[-105.0507,38.6507],[-105.0696,38.6473],[-105.0755,38.646],[-105.0885,38.646],[-105.1657,38.6461],[-105.1845,38.6458],[-105.2222,38.6461],[-105.2387,38.6462],[-105.239,38.677],[-105.2394,38.6965],[-105.2741,38.6971],[-105.2765,38.6972],[-105.3119,38.6969],[-105.3319,38.697],[-105.3294,38.779],[-105.3292,38.867],[-105.3296,38.9535],[-105.3297,39.0116],[-105.3297,39.1308],[-105.3232,39.1307]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Teller\",\"state\":\"CO\"}}]}","volume":"536","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, Mary Ellen 0000-0002-4424-0730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4424-0730","contributorId":212794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"Mary Ellen","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":756608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Dena M. 0000-0002-1689-7188","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1689-7188","contributorId":212795,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Dena","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12642,"text":"National Science Foundation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":756609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spaulding, Sarah A. 0000-0002-9787-7743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9787-7743","contributorId":212796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spaulding","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":756610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70217687,"text":"70217687 - 2021 - Model structural uncertainty quantification and hydrogeophysical data integration using airborne electromagnetic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-08T18:00:13.597366","indexId":"70217687","displayToPublicDate":"2018-12-31T11:58:10","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Model structural uncertainty quantification and hydrogeophysical data integration using airborne electromagnetic data","docAbstract":"Airborne electromagnetic (AEM) dataare usedto estimate large-scale model structural geometry, i.e. the spatial distribution of different lithological units based on assumed or estimated resistivity-lithology relationships, and the uncertainty in those structures given imperfect measurements. Geophysically derived estimates of model structural uncertainty are then combined with hydrologic observations to assess the impact of model structural error on hydrologic calibration and prediction errors. Using a synthetic numerical model, we describe a sequential hydrogeophysical approach that: (1) uses Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (McMC) methods to produce a robust estimate of uncertainty in electrical resistivity parameters, (2) combines geophysical parameter uncertainty estimates with borehole observations of lithology to produce probabilistic estimates of model structural uncertainty over the entire AEM survey area using geostatistical sequential indicator simulation algorithms, and (3) uses model structural estimates along with hydrologic observations to quantify both hydrologic parameter and prediction uncertainty using a second McMC sampling algorithm. Results of simulations will be presented that illustrate the complete workflow from geophysical parameter uncertainty analysis to the impact of model structural uncertainty on hydrologic parameter estimates.
","conferenceTitle":"7th International Workshop on Airborne Electromagnetics","conferenceDate":"June 17-20, 2018","conferenceLocation":"Kolding, Denmark","language":"English","publisher":"Aarhus University","usgsCitation":"Minsley, B.J., Christensen, N.K., Christensen, S., and Ley-Cooper, Y., 2021, Model structural uncertainty quantification and hydrogeophysical data integration using airborne electromagnetic data, 7th International Workshop on Airborne Electromagnetics, Kolding, Denmark, June 17-20, 2018, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","ipdsId":"IP-095925","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":383107,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":383106,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.conferencemanager.dk/aem2018"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minsley, Burke J. 0000-0003-1689-1306 bminsley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1689-1306","contributorId":697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minsley","given":"Burke","email":"bminsley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christensen, Nikolaj K","contributorId":199736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"Nikolaj","email":"","middleInitial":"K","affiliations":[{"id":13419,"text":"Aarhus University, Denmark","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christensen, Steen","contributorId":199737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"Steen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13419,"text":"Aarhus University, Denmark","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ley-Cooper, Yusen","contributorId":248494,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ley-Cooper","given":"Yusen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35920,"text":"Geoscience Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70221393,"text":"70221393 - 2021 - Streamflow, sediment transport, and geomorphic change during the 2011 flood on the Missouri River near Bismarck-Mandan, ND","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-15T10:36:19.944894","indexId":"70221393","displayToPublicDate":"2018-08-27T07:47:23","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2126,"text":"JAWRA","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Streamflow, sediment transport, and geomorphic change during the 2011 flood on the Missouri River near Bismarck-Mandan, ND","docAbstract":"Geomorphic change from extreme events in large managed rivers has implications for river management. A steady-state, quasi-three-dimensional hydrodynamic model was applied to a 29-km reach of the Missouri River using 2011 flood data. Model results for an extreme flow (500-year recurrence interval [RI]) and an elevated managed flow (75-year RI) were used to assess sediment mobility through examination of the spatial distribution of boundary or bed shear stress (τb) and longitudinal patterns of average τb, velocity, and kurtosis of τb. Kurtosis of τb was used as an indicator of planform channel complexity and can be applied to other river systems. From differences in longitudinal patterns of sediment mobility for the two flows we can infer: (1) under extreme flow, the channel behaves as a single-thread channel controlled primarily by flow, which enhances the meander pattern; (2) under elevated managed flows, the channel behaves as multithread channel controlled by the interaction of flow with bed and channel topography, resulting in a more complex channel; and (3) for both flows, the model reach lacks a consistent pattern of deposition or erosion, which indicates migration of areas of erosion and deposition within the reach. Despite caveats and limitations, the analysis provides useful information about geomorphic change under extreme flow and potential implications for river management. Although a 500-year RI is rare, extreme hydrologic events such as this are predicted to increase in frequency.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1752-1688.12678","usgsCitation":"Nustad, R.A., Benthem, A.J., Skalak, K., McDonald, R.R., Schenk, E., and Galloway, J.M., 2021, Streamflow, sediment transport, and geomorphic change during the 2011 flood on the Missouri River near Bismarck-Mandan, ND: JAWRA, v. 54, no. 5, p. 1151-1167, https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12678.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1151","endPage":"1167","ipdsId":"IP-075678","costCenters":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12678","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":386466,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","city":"Bismarck","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.0137939453125,\n 45.94351068030587\n ],\n [\n -100.3436279296875,\n 45.94351068030587\n ],\n [\n -100.3436279296875,\n 46.98774725646568\n ],\n [\n -101.0137939453125,\n 46.98774725646568\n ],\n [\n -101.0137939453125,\n 45.94351068030587\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-08-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nustad, Rochelle A. 0000-0002-4713-5944 ranustad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4713-5944","contributorId":1811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nustad","given":"Rochelle","email":"ranustad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":817499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benthem, Adam J. 0000-0003-2372-0281","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2372-0281","contributorId":220000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benthem","given":"Adam","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":817502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Skalak, Katherine 0000-0003-4122-1240 kskalak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4122-1240","contributorId":3990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skalak","given":"Katherine","email":"kskalak@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":817500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McDonald, Richard R. 0000-0002-0703-0638 rmcd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0703-0638","contributorId":2428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Richard","email":"rmcd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":817501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schenk, Edward R.","contributorId":202017,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schenk","given":"Edward R.","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Galloway, Joel M. 0000-0002-9836-9724 jgallowa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9836-9724","contributorId":1562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Joel","email":"jgallowa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":817555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70221872,"text":"70221872 - 2021 - Contrasting mobilization of elements in contact with sediment from Lake Roosevelt and the Upper Columbia River, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-13T10:20:57.226614","indexId":"70221872","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-06T10:26:39","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contrasting mobilization of elements in contact with sediment from Lake Roosevelt and the Upper Columbia River, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"Trace element contamination is known to be widely present in sediment of Lake Roosevelt and the riverine reach of the Columbia River in Washington State, USA due to discharges from several smelters and numerous mines dating back to the mid-1800's. In this study, the concentrations of aqueous elements in contact with bed sediment from the lake and river were examined under varying degrees of physical mixing and time scales. Contrasting geochemical processes affecting aqueous concentrations were inferred from the release of major ions (Ca and Si), elements enriched in metallurgical smelter slag (Cu and Sb), and redox-sensitive species (Fe, Mn, Mo and U). Releases of major ions reflect the contrasting sediment substrates along the length of the river and large reservoir. Calcium released from carbonate minerals and slag particles was most pronounced in regions of carbonate bedrock and near sediment deposits with a large component of slag material, while Si released from unconsolidated glacial/fluvial sediment increased with increasing distance downstream. Sb release was a consistent indicator of slag presence and weathering, possibly because its anionic nature inhibits readsorption onto metal oxides. In contrast, Cu release was quite variable, likely due to varying degrees of copper readsorption or co-precipitation onto metal oxides. The release of Mo and U appeared to be affected by redox conditions, which were assessed using aqueous Fe and Mn concentrations.
Geophysical flows occur over a large range of scales, with Reynolds numbers and Richardson numbers varying over several orders of magnitude. For this study, jets of different densities were ejected vertically into a large ambient region, considering conditions relevant to some geophysical phenomena. Using particle image velocimetry, the velocity fields were measured for three different gases exhausting into air – specifically helium, air and argon. Measurements focused on both the jet core and the entrained ambient. Experiments considered relatively low Reynolds numbers from approximately 1500 to 10 000 with Richardson numbers near 0.001 in magnitude. These included a variety of flow responses, notably a nearly laminar jet, turbulent jets and a transitioning jet in between. Several features were studied, including the jet development, the local entrainment ratio, the turbulent Reynolds stresses and the eddy strength. Compared to a fully turbulent jet, the transitioning jet showed up to 50 % higher local entrainment and more significant turbulent fluctuations. For this condition, the eddies were non-axisymmetric and larger than the exit radius. For turbulent jets, the eddies were initially smaller and axisymmetric while growing with the shear layer. At lower turbulent Reynolds number, the turbulent stresses were more than 50 % higher than at higher turbulent Reynolds number. In either case, the low-density jet developed faster than a comparable non-buoyant jet. Quadrant analysis and proper orthogonal decomposition were also utilized for insight into the entrainment of the jet, as well as to assess the energy distribution with respect to the number of eigenmodes. Reynolds shear stresses were dominant in Q1 and Q3 and exhibited negligible contributions from the remaining two quadrants. Both analysis techniques showed that the development of stresses downstream was dependent on the Reynolds number while the spanwise location of the stresses depended on the Richardson number.
Phase 2 of the Earth Mapping Resources Initiative (Earth MRI) focuses on geologic belts that are favorable for hosting mineral systems that may contain select critical minerals. Phase 1 of the Earth MRI program focused on rare earth elements (REE), and phase 2 adds aluminum, cobalt, graphite, lithium, niobium, platinum-group metals, tantalum, tin, titanium, and tungsten. This report describes the methodology and techniques utilized to define focus areas for future data acquisition in Alaska; the conterminous United States are covered in a separate report.
Definition of focus areas relies on a mineral systems framework that considers geologic features that may influence or control the formation and preservation of a mineral deposit and links the critical commodities to genetically related processes. Mineral systems are therefore larger than any given deposit. Evaluation of these larger systems allows for a broader understanding of how and where critical minerals may move through geologic systems.
Delineation of focus areas in Alaska was informed by statewide geological, geochemical, geophysical, and mineral occurrence datasets that are publicly available. Additionally, previously published prospectivity analyses for six different critical mineral-bearing deposit types help identify focus areas. A total of 74 focus areas prospective for the phase 2 critical minerals that occur in 12 different mineral systems were defined in Alaska. Identified focus areas may be used to guide future geologic, geochemical, and geophysical data in the State of Alaska.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191023C","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys","usgsCitation":"Kreiner, D.C., and Jones, J.V., 2020, Focus areas for data acquisition for potential domestic resources of 11 critical minerals in Alaska—Aluminum, cobalt, graphite, lithium, niobium, platinum group elements, rare earth elements, tantalum, tin, titanium, and tungsten (ver. 1.1, July 2022), chap. 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1.0: September 2020: Version 1.1: July 2022","contact":"Director, Alaska Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4210 University Drive
Anchorage, Alaska 99508
In response to a need for information on potential domestic sources of critical minerals, the Earth Mapping Resources Initiative (Earth MRI) was established to identify and prioritize areas for acquisition of new geologic mapping, geophysical data, and elevation data to improve our knowledge of the geologic framework of the United States. Phase 1 of Earth MRI concentrated on those geologic terranes favorable for hosting the rare earth elements (REEs). Phase 2 continued to address the REEs and also identified focus areas for potential domestic sources of 10 more of the 35 critical minerals on the U.S. critical minerals list (aluminum, cobalt, graphite, lithium, niobium, platinum-group elements, tantalum, tin, titanium, tungsten). This report describes the methodology, data sources, and summary results for mineral systems that host these 11 critical minerals in the conterminous United States, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico; Alaska is covered in a separate report. The mineral systems framework adopted for this study links critical mineral commodities to families of genetically related mineral deposit types. The mineral systems approach is an efficient approach, providing a simultaneous evaluation of geologic terranes through aggregation of genetically related mineral deposit types that are much larger than individual ore deposits. Geologic, geochemical, topographic, and geophysical mapping provided by Earth MRI will document geologic features that reflect the extent of individual mineral systems and provide information about critical mineral deposits that may not have been recognized previously.
Each critical mineral commodity is discussed in terms of importance to the Nation’s economy, modes of occurrence, mineral systems, and deposit types along with maps and tables listing examples of focus areas for each critical mineral. Important mineral systems for these critical minerals include chemical weathering systems for aluminum (bauxite); placer systems for titanium and REEs; metamorphic systems for graphite; mafic magmatic systems for platinum-group elements and cobalt; lacustrine evaporite and porphyry tin systems for lithium; and copper-molybdenum-gold (Cu-Mo-Au) systems for tungsten. REEs occur in many different mineral systems. Focus areas were developed by scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey in collaboration with scientists from State geological surveys and other institutions. This first national-scale compilation of focus areas represents an initial step in addressing the Nation’s critical mineral needs by screening areas for acquisition of new data to provide the geologic framework necessary for identifying domestic sources of critical minerals.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191023B","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with American Association of State Geologists","usgsCitation":"Hammarstrom, J., Dicken, C., Day, W., Hofstra, A., Drenth, B., Shah, A., McCafferty, A., Woodruff, L., Foley, N., Ponce, D., Frost, T., and Stillings, L., 2020, Focus areas for data acquisition for potential domestic resources of 11 critical minerals in the conterminous United States, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico—Aluminum, cobalt, graphite, lithium, niobium, platinum-group elements, rare earth elements, tantalum, tin, titanium, and tungsten (ver. 1.1, July 2022), chap. B of U.S. Geological Survey, Focus areas for data acquisition for potential domestic sources of critical minerals: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019–1023, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191023B.","productDescription":"xiii, 67 p.","numberOfPages":"67","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-119187","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436687,"rank":9,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9U6SODG","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"GIS for focus areas of potential domestic resources of 11 critical minerals-aluminum, cobalt, graphite, lithium, niobium, platinum group elements, rare earth elements, tantalum, tin, titanium, and tungsten (version 2.0, August 2020)"},{"id":436686,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P95CO8LR","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"GIS for focus areas of potential domestic resources of 11 critical minerals - aluminum, cobalt, graphite, lithium, niobium, platinum group elements, rare earth elements, tantalum, tin, titanium, and tungsten"},{"id":403732,"rank":7,"type":{"id":6,"text":"Chapter"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191023E","text":"Open-File Report 2019-1023-E","linkHelpText":"- Alaska Focus Area Definition for Data Acquisition for Potential Domestic Sources of Critical Minerals in Alaska for Antimony, Barite, Beryllium, Chromium, Fluorspar, Hafnium, Magnesium, Manganese, Uranium, Vanadium, and 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Building on a geology-based assessment of undiscovered, technically recoverable petroleum resources in the Eagle Ford Group in south Texas, the U.S. Geological Survey has estimated the required water and proppant demands and formation water production volumes associated with possible future development of these petroleum resources. The results of the water and proppant assessment are presented here, along with related drilling information and relevant water budget volumes for the region.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20203037","usgsCitation":"Gianoutsos, N.J., Haines, S.S., Varela, B.A., Whidden, K.J., Birdwell, J.E., Burke, L.A., Drake, R.M, II, Finn, T.M., French, K.L., Jenni, K.E., Kinney, S.A., Le, P.A., Leathers-Miller, H.M., Marra, K.R., Mercier, T.J., Paxton, S.T., Pitman, J.K., Schenk, C.J., Shaffer, B.N., Shorten, C.M., Tennyson, M.E., and Woodall, C.A., 2020, Assessment of water and proppant quantities associated with petroleum production from the Eagle Ford Group, Gulf Coast, Texas, 2019 (ver 1.1, March 2022): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2020-3037, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20203037.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-117221","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501274,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_110420.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":397279,"rank":6,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3037/images"},{"id":397276,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3037/fs20203037.xml"},{"id":397275,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3037/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"4.0 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"FS 2020-3037 version history"},{"id":376646,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3037/fs20203037.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.32 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2020-3037"},{"id":376647,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9NWKE6G","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Input forms for 2019 water and proppant assessment of the Eagle Ford Group, Gulf Coast, Texas"},{"id":376645,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3037/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Eagle Ford Group, Gulf Coast","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.94238281249999,\n 25.58208527870072\n ],\n [\n -95.07568359375,\n 25.58208527870072\n ],\n [\n -95.07568359375,\n 29.420460341013133\n ],\n [\n -100.94238281249999,\n 29.420460341013133\n ],\n [\n -100.94238281249999,\n 25.58208527870072\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Originally posted July 27, 2020; Revised October March 18, 2022","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046
The lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) occurs in the semiarid southern Great Plains, a region prone to periods of drought. Researchers generally believe that lesser prairie-chickens are able to satisfy their water requirements through preformed water and metabolic processes, but also know that they experience low survival and reproductive success during periods of drought. We used motion-sensing cameras to assess lesser prairie-chicken visits to man-made free water sources over a 48-month period from March 2009 to February 2013 in west Texas. Our objective was to examine temporal patterns of water use by lesser prairie-chickens, and to explore life history phenology and environmental conditions that may influence the species' use of free water. We documented 1,439 visits to water sources by lesser prairie-chickens. Their use of water sources was high during the winter months (December–February; 92 visits per 100 trap days) but the highest average visit rate to water sources occurred during the lekking-nesting life stage (March–May; 146 visits per 100 trap days). Water use was lower during the brood-rearing stage (June–August; 71 visits per 100 trap days) and lowest during the brood dispersal and independence stage (September–November; 19 visits per 100 trap days). Water use was strongly associated with dew point (P < 0.0001) and temperature (P = 0.0002) but was not associated with precipitation (P = 0.1037). These data indicate life-cycle stage (e.g., lekking-nesting) and reduced availability of preformed water may influence use of free water sources by lesser prairie-chickens. Current climate models predict the region of the study area will experience increases in temperature and decreases in frequency of precipitation. The combined effect of this would be reduced environmental moisture. If the prediction of increasing aridity in the region holds true, man-made water sources may become a tool for conservation of the species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Southwestern Association of Naturalists","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-65.3-4.197","usgsCitation":"Gicklhorn, T.S., Boal, C.W., and Borsdorf, P.K., 2020, Lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) use of man-made water sources: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 65, no. 3-4, p. 197-204, https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-65.3-4.197.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"204","ipdsId":"IP-083938","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":402264,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Cochran County, Hockley County, Terry County, Yoakum County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.03802490234375,\n 33.01557297778958\n ],\n [\n -102.36785888671875,\n 33.01557297778958\n ],\n [\n -102.36785888671875,\n 33.73347670599252\n ],\n [\n -103.03802490234375,\n 33.73347670599252\n ],\n [\n -103.03802490234375,\n 33.01557297778958\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"65","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gicklhorn, Trevor S.","contributorId":166698,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gicklhorn","given":"Trevor","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":24740,"text":"Department of Natural Resources Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boal, Clint W. 0000-0001-6008-8911 cboal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6008-8911","contributorId":1909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boal","given":"Clint","email":"cboal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":844734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Borsdorf, Philip K.","contributorId":93386,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borsdorf","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":24740,"text":"Department of Natural Resources Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70208401,"text":"ofr20201012 - 2020 - Major-element compositional data and thermal data for drill core from Kīlauea Iki lava lake, plus analyses of glasses from scoria of the 1959 summit eruption of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-16T12:03:49.083736","indexId":"ofr20201012","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-15T15:40:00","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-1012","displayTitle":"Major-Element Compositional Data and Thermal Data for Drill Core from Kīlauea Iki Lava Lake, Plus Analyses of Glasses from Scoria of the 1959 Summit Eruption of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii","title":"Major-element compositional data and thermal data for drill core from Kīlauea Iki lava lake, plus analyses of glasses from scoria of the 1959 summit eruption of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"This report presents electron microprobe data on glasses and selected crystalline phases from Kīlauea Iki lava lake and glasses from the 1959 summit eruption of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii. Some of these data have been published previously, but the complete set has not been published before. In addition, this report includes electron microprobe data for phases in melting experiments reported earlier, which form the basis for using many of the glass compositions reported here to estimate quenching temperatures of the samples. Finally, because of the latter application, this report includes all useful field determinations of temperature taken in Kīlauea Iki boreholes from 1967 to 1988. These field measurements have been merged with geothermometry based on glass and Fe-Ti oxide compositions to produce a comprehensive review of all available thermal information for Kīlauea Iki. Making these datasets available completes documentation of field and chemical information on Kīlauea Iki lava lake, supplementing six previous U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Reports listed in the References Cited.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201012","usgsCitation":"Helz, R.T., 2020, Major-element compositional data and thermal data for drill core from Kīlauea Iki lava lake, plus analyses of glasses from scoria of the 1959 summit eruption of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii (ver 1.1, December 2021): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020–1012, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201012.","productDescription":"Report: v, 48 p.; Appendix 1-2","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-109981","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374174,"rank":2,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1012/ofr20201012_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"206 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"- Tables 1.1–1.13 as an Excel file"},{"id":374175,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1012/ofr20201012_appendix2.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2","size":"48.5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"- Tables 2.1–2.4 as an Excel file"},{"id":374172,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1012/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":374177,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1012/ofr20201021_appendix2_csv.zip","text":"Appendix 2","size":"5.50 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"- Tables 2.1–2.4 as CSV files in a zipped folder"},{"id":374205,"rank":6,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1012/ofr20201012.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.00 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2020-1012"},{"id":392665,"rank":7,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1012/versionHist.txt","size":"691 B","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":374176,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1012/ofr20201021_appendix1_csv.zip","text":"Appendix 1","size":"41.5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"- Tables 1.1–1.13 as CSV files in a zipped folder"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.30410766601562,\n 19.38759093442151\n ],\n [\n -155.2306365966797,\n 19.38759093442151\n ],\n [\n -155.2306365966797,\n 19.44846418467642\n ],\n [\n -155.30410766601562,\n 19.44846418467642\n ],\n [\n -155.30410766601562,\n 19.38759093442151\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: April 23, 2020; Version 1.1: December 15, 2021","contact":"Director, Florence Bascom Geoscience Center
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