Streamflow and concentrations of sodium and chloride estimated from records of specific conductance were used to calculate loads of sodium and chloride during water year (WY) 2012 (October 1, 2011, through September 30, 2012), for tributaries to the Scituate Reservoir, Rhode Island. Streamflow and water-quality data used in the study were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) or the Providence Water Supply Board (PWSB). Streamflow was measured or estimated by the USGS following standard methods at 23 streamgages; 14 of these streamgages were equipped with instrumentation capable of continuously monitoring water level, specific conductance, and water temperature. Water-quality samples were collected at 37 sampling stations by the PWSB and at 14 continuous-record streamgages by the USGS during WY 2012 as part of a long-term sampling program; all stations were in the Scituate Reservoir drainage area. Water-quality data collected by the PWSB were summarized by using values of central tendency and used, in combination with measured (or estimated) streamflows, to calculate loads and yields (loads per unit area) of selected water-quality constituents for WY 2012.
\nThe largest tributary to the reservoir (the Ponaganset River, which was monitored by the USGS) contributed a mean streamflow of about 26 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) to the reservoir during WY 2012. For the same time period, annual mean1 streamflows measured (or estimated) for the other monitoring stations in this study ranged from about 0.40 to about 17 ft3/s. Together, tributaries (equipped with instrumentation capable of continuously monitoring specific conductance) transported about 1,100,000 kilograms (kg) of sodium and 1,900,000 kg of chloride to the Scituate Reservoir during WY 2012; sodium and chloride yields for the tributaries ranged from 8,700 to 51,000 kilograms per square mile (kg/mi2) and from 14,000 to 87,000 kg/mi2, respectively.
\nAt the stations where water-quality samples were collected by the PWSB, the median of the median chloride concentrations was 19 milligrams per liter (mg/L), median nitrite concentration was 0.002 mg/L as nitrogen (N), median nitrate concentration was less than 0.01 mg/L as N, median orthophosphate concentration was 0.06 mg/L as phosphorus, and median concentrations of total coliform and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria were 43 and 16 colony forming units per 100 milliliters (CFU/100mL), respectively. The medians of the median daily loads (and yields) of chloride, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate, and total coliform and E. coli bacteria were 200 kilograms per day (kg/d) (71 kilograms per day per square mile (kg/d/mi2)); 15 grams per day (g/d) (5.4 grams per day per square mile (g/d/mi2)); 100 g/d (38 g/d/mi2); 500 g/d (260 g/d/mi2); 4,300 million colony forming units per day (CFUx106/d) (1,500 CFUx106/d/mi2); and 1,000 CFUx106/d (360 CFUx106/d/mi2), respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131274","issn":"2331-1258","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Providence Water Supply Board","usgsCitation":"Smith, K.P., 2014, Streamflow, water quality, and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2012 (First posted January 14, 2014; Revised and reposted July 14, 2014, version 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1274, v, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131274.","productDescription":"v, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2011-10-01","temporalEnd":"2012-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-045370","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280969,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131274.jpg"},{"id":280968,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1274/pdf/ofr2013-1274.pdf"},{"id":280967,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1274/"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Scituate Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.8,41.7 ], [ -71.8,41.9 ], [ -71.5,41.9 ], [ -71.5,41.7 ], [ -71.8,41.7 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"First posted January 14, 2014; Revised and reposted July 14, 2014, version 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52d65d7be4b0b566e996b363","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Kirk P. 0000-0003-0269-474X kpsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0269-474X","contributorId":1516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kirk","email":"kpsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70156439,"text":"70156439 - 2014 - Identification of evolutionary hotspots based on genetic data from multiple terrestrial and aquatic taxa and gap analysis of hotspots in protected lands encompassed by the South Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-30T13:58:16","indexId":"70156439","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Identification of evolutionary hotspots based on genetic data from multiple terrestrial and aquatic taxa and gap analysis of hotspots in protected lands encompassed by the South Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative.","docAbstract":"The southeastern United States is a recognized hotspot of biodiversity for a variety of aquatic taxa, including fish, amphibians, and mollusks. Unfortunately, the great diversity of the area is accompanied by a large proportion of species at risk of extinction . Gap analysis was employed to assess the representation of evolutionary hotspots in protected lands w h ere an evolutionary hotspot was defined as an area with high evolutionary potential and measured by atypical patterns of genetic divergence, genetic diversity, and to a lesser extent genetic similarity across multiple terrestrial or aquatic taxa. A survey of the primary literature produced 16 terrestrial and 14 aquatic genetic datasets for estimation of genetic divergence and diversity. Relative genetic diversity and divergence values for each terrestrial and aquatic dataset were used for interpolation of multispecies genetic surfaces and subsequent visualization using ArcGIS. The multispecies surfaces interpolated from relative divergences and diversity data identified numerous evolutionary hotspots for both terrestrial and aquatic taxa , many of which were afforded some current protection. For instance, 14% of the cells identified as hotspots of aquatic diversity were encompassed by currently protected areas. Additionally, 25% of the highest 1% of terrestrial diversity cells were afforded some level of protection. In contrast, areas of high and low divergence among species, and areas of high variance in diversity were poorly represented in the protected lands. Of particular interest were two areas that were consistently identified by several different measures as important from a conservation perspective. These included an area encompassing the panhandle of Florida and southern Georgia near the Apalachicola National Forest (displaying varying levels of genetic divergence and greater than average levels of genetic diversity) and a large portion of the coastal regions of North and South Carolina (displaying low genetic divergence and greater than average levels of genetic diversity) . Our results show the utility o f genetic data sets for identifying cross - species patterns of genetic diversity and divergence (i.e., evolutionary hotspots) in aquatic and terrestrial environments for use in conservation design and delivery across the southeastern United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Robinson, J., Snider, M., Duke, J., and Moyer, G., 2014, Identification of evolutionary hotspots based on genetic data from multiple terrestrial and aquatic taxa and gap analysis of hotspots in protected lands encompassed by the South Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative., 56 p.","productDescription":"56 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"56","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":307144,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.02490234375,\n 36.55377524336086\n ],\n [\n -79.51904296874999,\n 36.12900165569652\n ],\n [\n -84.5947265625,\n 32.59310597426537\n ],\n [\n -85.18798828125,\n 29.869228848968312\n ],\n [\n -85.1220703125,\n 29.726222319395504\n ],\n [\n -84.144287109375,\n 29.44916482692468\n ],\n [\n -83.133544921875,\n 29.36302703778376\n ],\n [\n -82.6611328125,\n 29.36302703778376\n ],\n [\n -81.068115234375,\n 29.334298230315675\n ],\n [\n -81.4306640625,\n 31.344254455668054\n ],\n [\n -81.01318359375,\n 31.756196257571325\n ],\n [\n -79.189453125,\n 33.284619968887704\n ],\n [\n -78.3544921875,\n 33.47727218776036\n ],\n [\n -76.981201171875,\n 34.63320791137959\n ],\n [\n -76.08032226562499,\n 35.25459097465025\n ],\n [\n -75.509033203125,\n 35.88014896488361\n ],\n [\n -75.56396484375,\n 36.527294814546245\n ],\n [\n -78.02490234375,\n 36.55377524336086\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f176e4b0bc0bec09fdbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, J.","contributorId":73723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snider, M.","contributorId":146854,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snider","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duke, J.","contributorId":146855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duke","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moyer, G.R.","contributorId":68979,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moyer","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70049003,"text":"sim3274 - 2014 - Flood-inundation maps for the East Fork White River near Bedford, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-13T17:49:16","indexId":"sim3274","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-13T17:05:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3274","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the East Fork White River near Bedford, Indiana","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for an 1.8-mile reach of the East Fork White River near Bedford, Indiana (Ind.) were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Transportation. The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/ depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selectedwater levels (stages) at USGS streamgage 03371500, East Fork White River near Bedford, Ind. Current conditions for estimating near-real-time areas of inundation using USGS streamgage information may be obtained on the Internet at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/in/nwis/uv?site_no=03371500. In addition, information has been provided to the National Weather Service (NWS) for incorporation into their Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) flood warning system (http://water.weather.gov/ahps/). The NWS forecasts flood hydrographs at many places that are often colocated with USGS streamgages, including the East Fork White River near Bedford, Ind. NWS-forecasted peak-stage information may be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation.\n\nFor this study, flood profiles were computed for the East Fork White River reach by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model. The hydraulic model was calibrated by using the most current stage-discharge relations at USGS streamgage 03371500, East Fork White River near Bedford, Ind., and documented high-water marks from the flood of June 2008. The calibrated hydraulic model was then used to determine 20 water-surface profiles for flood stages at 1-foot intervals referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from bankfull to the highest stage of the current stage-discharge rating curve. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system (GIS) digital elevation model (DEM, derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data having a 0.593-foot vertical accuracy) in order to delineate the area flooded at each water level.\n\nThe availability of these maps, along with Internet information regarding current stage from the USGS streamgage near Bedford, Ind., and forecasted stream stages from the NWS, provides emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for postflood recovery eforts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3274","issn":"2329-132X","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Fowler, K.K., 2014, Flood-inundation maps for the East Fork White River near Bedford, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3274, Report: v, 8 p.; 20 Map Sheets; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3274.","productDescription":"Report: v, 8 p.; 20 Map Sheets; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045036","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280947,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3274.jpg"},{"id":280944,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3274/pdf/mapsheets/"},{"id":280945,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3274/images/mapsheets_jpg/"},{"id":280946,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3274/Downloads"},{"id":280942,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3274/"},{"id":280943,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3274/pdf/sim3274.pdf"}],"datum":"North American Vertical Datum 1988","country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Bedford","otherGeospatial":"East Fork White River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -86.533333,38.75 ], [ -86.533333,38.85 ], [ -86.383333,38.85 ], [ -86.383333,38.75 ], [ -86.533333,38.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52d50bcae4b0f19e63d9b376","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fowler, Kathleen K. 0000-0002-0107-3848 kkfowler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0107-3848","contributorId":2439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowler","given":"Kathleen","email":"kkfowler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70060020,"text":"ds815 - 2014 - Physiographic and land cover attributes of the Puget Lowland and the active streamflow gaging network, Puget Sound Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-13T16:57:35","indexId":"ds815","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-13T16:47:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"815","title":"Physiographic and land cover attributes of the Puget Lowland and the active streamflow gaging network, Puget Sound Basin","docAbstract":"Geospatial information for the active streamflow gaging network in the Puget Sound Basin was compiled to support regional monitoring of stormwater effects to small streams. The compilation includes drainage area boundaries and physiographic and land use attributes that affect hydrologic processes. Three types of boundaries were used to tabulate attributes: Puget Sound Watershed Characterization analysis units (AU); the drainage area of active streamflow gages; and the catchments of Regional Stream Monitoring Program (RSMP) sites. The active streamflow gaging network generally includes sites that represent the ranges of attributes for lowland AUs, although there are few sites with low elevations (less than 60 meters), low precipitation (less than 1 meter year), or high stream density (greater than 5 kilometers per square kilometers). The active streamflow gaging network can serve to provide streamflow information in some AUs and RSMP sites, particularly where the streamflow gage measures streamflow generated from a part of the AU or that drains to the RSMP site, and that part of the AU or RSMP site is a significant fraction of the drainage area of the streamgage. The maximum fraction of each AU or RSMP catchment upstream of a streamflow gage and the maximum fraction of any one gaged basin in an AU or RSMP along with corresponding codes are provided in the attribute tables.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds815","issn":"2327-638X","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Association of Washington Cities and the Washington Department of Ecology","usgsCitation":"Konrad, C., and Sevier, M., 2014, Physiographic and land cover attributes of the Puget Lowland and the active streamflow gaging network, Puget Sound Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 815, Report: HTML document; Conversion factors; 7 Tables; ArcGIS files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds815.","productDescription":"Report: HTML document; Conversion factors; 7 Tables; ArcGIS files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050811","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280941,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds815.png"},{"id":280931,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/815/index.html"},{"id":280930,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/815/"},{"id":280932,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/815/ds815_table1.html"},{"id":280933,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/815/conversions.html"},{"id":280934,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/815/downloads/ds815_table2.csv"},{"id":280935,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/815/downloads/ds815_table3.csv"},{"id":280936,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/815/downloads/ds815_table4.csv"},{"id":280937,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/815/ds815_table5.html"},{"id":280938,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/815/ds815_table6.html"},{"id":280939,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/815/ds815_table7.html"},{"id":280940,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/815/downloads/ActiveGageAreas.zip"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.7449,46.3565 ], [ -124.7449,48.4526 ], [ -121.2684,48.4526 ], [ -121.2684,46.3565 ], [ -124.7449,46.3565 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52d50bcde4b0f19e63d9b37a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konrad, Christopher","contributorId":72703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konrad","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sevier, Maria","contributorId":87450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sevier","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70068733,"text":"70068733 - 2014 - Residence time control on hot moments of net nitrate production and uptake in the hyporheic zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-29T14:13:08","indexId":"70068733","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-13T10:39:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Residence time control on hot moments of net nitrate production and uptake in the hyporheic zone","docAbstract":"The retention capacity for biologically available nitrogen within streams can be influenced by dynamic hyporheic zone exchange, a process that may act as either a net source or net sink of dissolved nitrogen. Over 5 weeks, nine vertical profiles of streambed chemistry (NO3- and NH4+) were collected above two beaver dams along with continuous high-resolution vertical hyporheic flux data. The results indicate a non-linear relation of net NO3- production followed by net uptake in the hyporheic zone as a function of residence time. This Lagrangian-based relation is consistent through time and across varied morphology (bars, pools, glides) above the dams, even though biogeochemical and environmental factors varied. The empirical continuum between net NO3-\n production and uptake and residence time is useful for identifying two crucial residence time thresholds: the transition to anaerobic respiration, which corresponds to the time of peak net nitrate production, and the net sink threshold, which is defined by a net uptake in NO3- relative to streamwater. Short-term hyporheic residence time variability at specific locations creates hot\nmoments of net production and uptake, enhancing NO3- production as residence times approach the anaerobic threshold, and changing zones of net NO3- production to uptake as residence times increase past the net sink threshold. The anaerobic and net sink thresholds for beaver-influenced streambed morphology occur at much shorter residence times (1.3 h and 2.3 h, respectively) compared to other documented hyporheic systems, and the net sink threshold compares favorably to the lower boundary of the anaerobic threshold determined for this system with the new oxygen Damkohler number. The consistency of the residence time threshold values of NO3- cycling in this study, despite environmental variability and disparate morphology, indicates that NO3- hot moment dynamics are primarily driven by changes in physical hydrology and associated residence times.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.9921","usgsCitation":"Briggs, M., Lautz, L.K., and Hare, D.K., 2014, Residence time control on hot moments of net nitrate production and uptake in the hyporheic zone: Hydrological Processes, v. 28, no. 11, p. 3741-3751, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9921.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"3741","endPage":"3751","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-043725","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280854,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280853,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9921"}],"volume":"28","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52d50bcee4b0f19e63d9b385","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Briggs, Martin A.","contributorId":10321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Martin A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lautz, Laura K.","contributorId":38890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lautz","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hare, Danielle K.","contributorId":76222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"Danielle","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70040452,"text":"70040452 - 2014 - Geochemistry of hydrothermal alteration at the Qolqoleh gold deposit, northern Sanandaj–Sirjan metamorphic belt, northwestern Iran: Vectors to high-grade ore bodies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-05T16:46:49.1799","indexId":"70040452","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-13T10:32:39","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of hydrothermal alteration at the Qolqoleh gold deposit, northern Sanandaj–Sirjan metamorphic belt, northwestern Iran: Vectors to high-grade ore bodies","docAbstract":"The Qolqoleh orogenic gold deposit in the northern part of the Sanandaj–Sirjan metamorphic belt in northwestern Iran is hosted by a steeply dipping sequence of greenschist facies Cretaceous volcano–sedimentary rocks, including mafic to intermediate metavolcanic rocks, sericite and chlorite schist, and marble. Geochemical and petrochemical data including the ∑ REE, (La/Yb)N and Eu/Eu* ratios were obtained from country rocks, ore-enveloping alteration zones, and mineralized zones to assess the nature of the trace element and rare earth element (REE) interaction between the wall rock and the mineralizing fluid.
Quartz–sulfide veins at the deposit are characterized by a pyrite–pyrrhotite–chalcopyrite–sphalerite–arsenopyrite–native gold assemblage. Alteration halos border the mineralized zones and broadly comprise: (1) an outer carbonate–chlorite alteration zone in all rock types, particularly in chlorite schist; (2) a middle sericite–carbonate alteration zone in the sericite schist; and (3) an inner quartz–sulfide alteration zone in sericite schist and mafic to intermediate metavolcanic rocks.
The geochemical data indicate that the concentrations of Al2O3, P2O5, TiO2, Y, and Zr are relatively constant, suggesting that these elements were the least mobile during hydrothermal activity. Using Al2O3 as the immobile component, there is evidence for mobility of trace elements, particularly light REE, TiO2, and Zr in the altered wall rocks. The altered rocks show a relatively light REE depletion ((La/Yb)N ≅ 9.41), which clearly correlates with the grades of gold mineralization and intensity of the alteration (3 ppm Au). The depletion of light REE is best indicated by a decrease in (La/Yb)N as shown by ratios of 10.5 to 11.8. Wall rock decarbonation reactions during infiltration of the mineralizing fluid resulted in differential mobilization of REE, from a fluid with initially low REE content.
The overall trace element geochemistry of the altered wall rock is controlled by the initial composition of the wall rocks and the ore-fluid composition. Hydrothermal ore-forming fluids are recognized as CO2-rich near-neutral reduced fluids with high values of H2S, K, and S content. Observed variability in alteration halos at the Qolqoleh deposit points to major differences in REE and trace element content in original host rocks that have interacted with a relatively similar ore fluid. Therefore, depending on the composition of each host rock lithology, the geochemistry of hydrothermal alteration (e.g., ∑ REE content and (La/Yb)N ratios) and alteration mineralogy including the carbonate–sericite–quartz–sulfide assemblages may be used as a primary tool for lithogeochemical exploration for gold deposits in northwestern Iran.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2014.01.007","usgsCitation":"Aliyari, F., Rastad, E., Goldfarb, R.J., and Sharif, J.A., 2014, Geochemistry of hydrothermal alteration at the Qolqoleh gold deposit, northern Sanandaj–Sirjan metamorphic belt, northwestern Iran: Vectors to high-grade ore bodies: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 140, p. 111-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2014.01.007.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"125","ipdsId":"IP-036917","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":383052,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Iran","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 57.19482421875,\n 27.00040800352175\n ],\n [\n 54.03076171874999,\n 31.484893386890164\n ],\n [\n 49.41650390625,\n 35.17380831799959\n ],\n [\n 46.91162109375,\n 37.3002752813443\n ],\n [\n 45.74707031249999,\n 37.24782120155428\n ],\n [\n 45.615234375,\n 34.161818161230386\n ],\n [\n 48.2958984375,\n 31.690781806136822\n ],\n [\n 50.5810546875,\n 29.630771207229\n ],\n [\n 51.2841796875,\n 28.14950321154457\n ],\n [\n 52.71240234375,\n 27.31321389856826\n ],\n [\n 54.29443359375,\n 26.54922257769204\n ],\n [\n 57.23876953124999,\n 26.92206991673282\n ],\n [\n 57.19482421875,\n 27.00040800352175\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"140","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aliyari, Farhang","contributorId":248790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aliyari","given":"Farhang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rastad, Ebrahim","contributorId":119934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rastad","given":"Ebrahim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goldfarb, Richard J. goldfarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"Richard","email":"goldfarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":809867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sharif, Jafar Abdollah","contributorId":116151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharif","given":"Jafar","email":"","middleInitial":"Abdollah","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70048919,"text":"sim3219 - 2014 - Sedimentation survey of Lago Loíza, Trujillo Alto, Puerto Rico, July 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-13T09:20:25","indexId":"sim3219","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-13T09:05:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3219","title":"Sedimentation survey of Lago Loíza, Trujillo Alto, Puerto Rico, July 2009","docAbstract":"Lago Loíza is a reservoir formed at the confluence of Río Gurabo and Río Grande de Loíza in the municipality of Trujillo Alto in central Puerto Rico, about 10 kilometers (km) north of the town of Caguas, about 9 km northwest of Gurabo, and about 3 km south of Trujillo Alto (fig. 1). The Carraizo Dam is owned and operated by the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority (PRASA), and was constructed in 1953 as a water-supply reservoir for the San Juan Metropolitan area. The dam is a concrete gravity structure that is located in a shallow valley and has a gently sloping left abutment and steep right abutment. Non-overflow sections flank the spillway section. Waterways include an intake structure for the pumping station and power plant, sluiceways, a trash sluice, and a spillway.\n\nThe reservoir was built to provide a storage capacity of 26.8 million cubic meters (Mm3) of water at the maximum pool elevation of 41.14 meters (m) above mean sea level (msl) for the Sergio Cuevas Filtration Plant that serves the San Juan metropolitan area. The reservoir has a drainage area of 538 square kilometers (km2) and receives an annual mean rainfall that ranges from 1,600 to 5,000 millimeters per year (mm/yr). The principal streams that drain into Lago Loíza are the Río Grande de Loíza, Río Gurabo, and Río Cañas. Two other rivers, the Río Bairoa and Río Cagüitas, discharge into the Río Grande de Loíza just before it enters the reservoir. The combined mean annual runoff of the Río Grande de Loíza and the Río Gurabo for the 1960–2009 period of record is 323 Mm3. Flow from these streams constitutes about 89 percent of the total mean annual inflow of 364 Mm3 to the reservoir (U.S. Geological Survey, 2009). Detailed information about Lago Loíza reservoir structures, historical sediment accumulation, and a dredge conducted in 1999 are available in Soler-López and Gómez-Gómez (2005).\n\nDuring July 8–15, 2009, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Caribbean Water Science Center (CWSC), in cooperation with PRASA, conducted a bathymetric survey of Lago Loíza to update the reservoir storage capacity and estimate the reservoir sedimentation rate by comparing the 2009 data with the previous 2004 bathymetric survey data. The purpose of this report is to document the methods used to update and present the results of the reservoir storage capacity, sedimentation rates, and areas of substantial sediment accumulation since 2004.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3219","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority","usgsCitation":"Soler-Lopez, L.R., and Licha-Soler, N., 2014, Sedimentation survey of Lago Loíza, Trujillo Alto, Puerto Rico, July 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3219, 30.14 inches x 31.62 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3219.","productDescription":"30.14 inches x 31.62 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-023006","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280832,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3219.jpg"},{"id":280830,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3219/"},{"id":280831,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3219/pdf/SIM3219.pdf"}],"projection":"Lambert conformal conic","datum":"Puerto Rico datum, 1940 adjustment","country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -66.041667,18.266667 ], [ -66.041667,18.325000 ], [ -66.000000,18.325000 ], [ -66.000000,18.266667 ], [ -66.041667,18.266667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52d50bd0e4b0f19e63d9b38d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soler-Lopez, Luis R.","contributorId":27501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soler-Lopez","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Licha-Soler, N.A.","contributorId":60945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Licha-Soler","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70068459,"text":"ofr20131305 - 2014 - Global surface displacement data for assessing variability of displacement at a point on a fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-10T15:18:00","indexId":"ofr20131305","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-10T15:01:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1305","title":"Global surface displacement data for assessing variability of displacement at a point on a fault","docAbstract":"This report presents a global dataset of site-specific surface-displacement data on faults. We have compiled estimates of successive displacements attributed to individual earthquakes, mainly paleoearthquakes, at sites where two or more events have been documented, as a basis for analyzing inter-event variability in surface displacement on continental faults.
\nAn earlier version of this composite dataset was used in a recent study relating the variability of surface displacement at a point to the magnitude-frequency distribution of earthquakes on faults, and to hazard from fault rupture (Hecker and others, 2013). The purpose of this follow-on report is to provide potential data users with an updated comprehensive dataset, largely complete through 2010 for studies in English-language publications, as well as in some unpublished reports and abstract volumes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131305","usgsCitation":"Hecker, S., Sickler, R., Feigelson, L., Abrahamson, N., Hassett, W., Rosa, C., and Sanquini, A., 2014, Global surface displacement data for assessing variability of displacement at a point on a fault: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1305, Report: iv, 28 p.; Table 1, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131305.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 28 p.; Table 1","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049003","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":379,"text":"Menlo Park Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280824,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131305.PNG"},{"id":280822,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1305/pdf/ofr2013-1305.pdf"},{"id":280823,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1305/downloads/ofr2013-1305_Table1.xlsx"},{"id":280821,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1305/"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-90.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52d11766e4b072eb3e0c4b7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hecker, Suzanne 0000-0002-5054-372X shecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5054-372X","contributorId":3553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hecker","given":"Suzanne","email":"shecker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sickler, Robert","contributorId":89653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sickler","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Feigelson, Leah","contributorId":105636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feigelson","given":"Leah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Abrahamson, Norman","contributorId":66990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abrahamson","given":"Norman","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hassett, Will","contributorId":100279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hassett","given":"Will","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rosa, Carla","contributorId":27780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosa","given":"Carla","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sanquini, Ann","contributorId":65374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanquini","given":"Ann","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70059781,"text":"ofr20131308 - 2014 - Response of Global Navigation Satellite System receivers to known shaking between 0.2 and 20 Hertz","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-29T15:22:23","indexId":"ofr20131308","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-10T08:12:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1308","title":"Response of Global Navigation Satellite System receivers to known shaking between 0.2 and 20 Hertz","docAbstract":"Over the past decade, several technological advances have allowed Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers to have the capability to record displacements at high frequencies, with sampling rates approaching 100 samples per second (sps). In addition, communication and computer hardware and software have allowed various institutions, including the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), to retrieve, process, and display position changes recorded by a network of GNSS sites with small, less than 1-s delays between the time that the GNSS receiver records signals from a constellation of satellites and the time that the position is estimated (a method known as “real-time”). These improvements in hardware and software have allowed the USGS to process GNSS (or a subset of the GNSS, the Global Positioning System, GPS) data in real-time at 1 sps with the goal of determining displacements from earthquakes and volcanoes in real-time. However, the current set of GNSS equipment can record at rates of 100 sps, which allows the possibility of using this equipment to record earthquake displacements over the full range of frequencies that typically are recorded by acceleration and velocity transducers. The advantage of using GNSS to record earthquakes is that the displacement, rather than acceleration or velocity, is recorded, and for large earthquakes, the GNSS sensor stays on scale and will not distort the observations due to clipping of the signal at its highest amplitude. The direct observation of displacement is advantageous in estimating the size and spatial extent of the earthquake rupture. Otherwise, when using velocity or acceleration sensors, the displacements are determined by numerical integration of the observations, which can introduce significant uncertainty in the estimated displacements. However, GNSS technology can, at best, resolve displacements of a few millimeters, and for most earthquakes, their displacements are less than 1 mm. Consequently, to be useful, GNSS data are only relevant for the large earthquakes with magnitudes (M) exceeding M5.5 at best.
\nWith the capability to record GNSS data at high-rate, at sampling rates typical for seismological applications, experiments are needed to quantify the response of GNSS to shaking from earthquakes. There have been a few studies that examine the response of GNSS to strong shaking. One of the first was Elosegui and others (2006), where they simulated surface waves from a distant earthquake and mechanically applied the shaking to a GPS antenna. They processed the 1 sps observations and compared the estimated displacements with the simulated displacements. They determined that the GPS could accurately track the simulated surface wave whose primary frequency spans from 0.01 to 0.1 Hertz (Hz), which spanned the frequency band of the simulation.
\nTo test GNSS equipment due to shaking from a large earthquake in the near-field, Wang and others (2012) used a mechanical simulator or shake table with 6 degrees of freedom and studied two different inputs to the simulator—(1) the accelerometer record from one station that was located near the 2010 M8.8 Maule, Chile earthquake, and (2) a 2-Hz sinusoid. Wang and others (2012) analyzed the 2-Hz data with spectral analysis and determined that the displacements observed by the GPS included higher harmonics along with the 2-Hz signal. In addition, the background spectral amplitude was greater during periods of 2-Hz shaking than when at rest. With the simulated M 8.8 earthquake, Wang and others (2012) observed decreased signal to noise for L1 and L2 carrier frequencies of the GPS signal, at times corresponding to high acceleration and jerk (first derivative of acceleration).
\nOne of the principal limitations of these experiments was that the displacements of the shake table itself could not be measured independently. Although with the 2-Hz sinusoidal measurements, the input displacements were purely translational, Wang and others (2012) analysis of the data showed that the shake table also included rotational motions which affect horizontal inertial sensors like accelerometers and seismometers at first order.
\nMore recently, Ebinuma and Kato (2012) used a GPS simulator to electronically test several GNSS receivers and obtain the receiver characteristics at three frequencies: 1, 2, and 5 Hz. The results showed that the amplitude of 5-Hz displacements recorded by the GPS was, depending on the receiver model, between 30 and 125 percent more than the displacement input to the simulator. At low frequencies, the GPS displacement was nearly equal to the input displacement. In addition, Ebinuma and Kato (2012) examined how each receiver model amplified an earthquake displacement record in the 2–8 Hz band. The simulated earthquake was the 2008 moment magnitude (Mw) 6.8 Iwate-Miyagi earthquake where, for the simulated record, acceleration peaked at 1 G.
\nThe study discussed here builds on the tests by Ebinuma and Kato (2012), but rather than using electronic simulation, the tests are setup outdoors and closer to actual field installations of GNSS equipment. We used a one-dimensional shake table capable of 400 mm of displacement and high acceleration; the shake table also is constrained by a precision linear slider to have very low tilt that would affect inertial sensors. In addition, the stage position can be accurately monitored independent of the GNSS hardware and, importantly, provides a reference to compare with the estimated displacements from the GNSS data. Our tests spanned a greater frequency range from 0.2 to 20 Hz and we used equipment from three different manufacturers covering five different combinations of receivers and antennas. In addition, we have been able to simulate the frequency response of the GNSS equipment using a simple, causal filter. The quality of the filter was tested using additional test data where a step function in displacement was applied to the shake table. The observed displacements from the GNSS data show an overshoot in displacement at the time of the step or transition of the stage. That overshoot was accurately predicted using the filter design derived from our sinusoidal displacement tests.
\nSimilar to Wang and others (2012), we also examined the GPS displacement records using standard spectral techniques. However, we extended their work by evaluating several models of GNSS receivers using a variety of input frequencies. Because our shake table was limited on acceleration and displacement, we did not attempt to duplicate the high shaking associated with high magnitude earthquakes. However, because our shake table could measure the table displacement, we could directly compare the measured GPS displacements with the true displacements.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131308","usgsCitation":"Langbein, J.O., Evans, J.R., Blume, F., and Johanson, I., 2014, Response of Global Navigation Satellite System receivers to known shaking between 0.2 and 20 Hertz: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1308, iv, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131308.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049015","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":379,"text":"Menlo Park Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280804,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131308.PNG"},{"id":280801,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1308/"},{"id":280803,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1308/pdf/ofr2013-1308.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52d11769e4b072eb3e0c4b81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langbein, John O.","contributorId":72438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"John","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, John R. jrevans@usgs.gov","contributorId":529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"John","email":"jrevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blume, Fredrick","contributorId":100283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blume","given":"Fredrick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johanson, Ingrid","contributorId":54880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johanson","given":"Ingrid","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048979,"text":"ofr20131235 - 2014 - Lesser prairie-chicken nest site selection, microclimate, and nest survival in association with vegetation response to a grassland restoration program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-08T13:58:10","indexId":"ofr20131235","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-08T13:49:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1235","title":"Lesser prairie-chicken nest site selection, microclimate, and nest survival in association with vegetation response to a grassland restoration program","docAbstract":"Climate models predict that the region of the Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative (GPLCC) will experience increased maximum and minimum temperatures, reduced frequency but greater intensity of precipitation events, and earlier springs. These climate changes along with different landscape management techniques may influence the persistence of the lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus), a candidate for protection under the Endangered Species Act and a priority species under the GPLCC, in positive or negative ways. The objectives of this study were to conduct (1) a literature review of lesser prairie-chicken nesting phenology and ecology, (2) an analysis of thermal aspects of lesser prairie-chicken nest microclimate data, and (3) an analysis of nest site selection, nest survival, and vegetation response to 10 years of tebuthiuron and/or grazing treatments.\n\nWe found few reports in the literature containing useful data on the nesting phenology of lesser prairie-chickens; therefore, managers must rely on short-term observations and measurements of parameters that provide some predictive insight into climate impacts on nesting ecology. Our field studies showed that prairie-chickens on nests were able to maintain relatively consistent average nest temperature of 31 °C and nest humidities of 56.8 percent whereas average external temperatures (20.3–35.0 °C) and humidities (35.2–74.9 percent) varied widely throughout the 24 hour (hr) cycle. Grazing and herbicide treatments within our experimental areas were designed to be less intensive than in common practice. We determined nest locations by radio-tagging hen lesser prairie-chickens captured at leks, which are display grounds at which male lesser prairie-chickens aggregate and attempt to attract a female for mating. Because nest locations selected by hen lesser prairie-chicken are strongly associated with the lek at which they were captured, we assessed nesting habitat use on the basis of hens captured at individual leks, and then for all leks pooled. There was no clear pattern of selection for treatment type for nest placement among hens associated with individual leks; however, when hens from all leks were pooled, we found nesting lesser prairie-chickens selected control plots for nesting over plots that were grazed, treated with tebuthiuron, or were both grazed and treated with tebuthiuron. Overall, the probability of a nest surviving the incubation period was 0.57 for this study and did not vary significantly among treatment types. In contrast to nesting preference for untreated habitats, lek use exhibited no noticeable selection of treatment type. Over the 10 years of the habitat management study, there was 91 percent less sand shinnery oak (Quercus havardii) in treated areas than untreated areas. The removal of sand shinnery oak made environmental soil moisture more available for grasses and forbs to germinate and grow. Grasses increased by 149 percent and forbs increased by 257 percent in treated areas as compared to untreated areas throughout the study period. Our combined results, including our habitat selection analysis at the individual lek level, indicated that reduced rates of herbicide and short-duration grazing treatments were not detrimental to nesting lesser prairie-chickens and that populations of lesser prairie-chickens in shrub-dominated ecosystems may benefit from reduced rates of herbicide application and short duration of grazing that results in increased habitat heterogeneity.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131235","issn":"2331-1258","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with New Mexico Game and Fish and Texas Parks and Wildlife Department","usgsCitation":"Boal, C.W., Grisham, B.A., Haukos, D.A., Zavaleta, J.C., and Dixon, C., 2014, Lesser prairie-chicken nest site selection, microclimate, and nest survival in association with vegetation response to a grassland restoration program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1235, x, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131235.","productDescription":"x, 35 p.","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042288","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280746,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131235.jpg"},{"id":280745,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1235/pdf/ofr2013-1235.pdf"},{"id":280744,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1235/"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico;Texas","county":"Cochran County;Hockley County;Roosevelt County;Terry County;Yoakum County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103.9475,32.5586 ], [ -103.9475,34.6068 ], [ -101.0989,34.6068 ], [ -101.0989,32.5586 ], [ -103.9475,32.5586 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52ce7482e4b073e0995b2de3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boal, Clint W. 0000-0001-6008-8911 cboal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6008-8911","contributorId":1909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boal","given":"Clint","email":"cboal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grisham, Blake A.","contributorId":75419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grisham","given":"Blake","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haukos, David A. 0000-0001-5372-9960 dhaukos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-9960","contributorId":3664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haukos","given":"David","email":"dhaukos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zavaleta, Jennifer C.","contributorId":102785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zavaleta","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dixon, Charles","contributorId":68203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70048697,"text":"70048697 - 2014 - Island history affects faunal composition: the treeshrews (Mammalia: Scandentia: Tupaiidae) from the Mentawai and Batu Islands, Indonesia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-16T14:59:36","indexId":"70048697","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-08T13:37:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1019,"text":"Biological Journal of the Linnean Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Island history affects faunal composition: the treeshrews (Mammalia: Scandentia: Tupaiidae) from the Mentawai and Batu Islands, Indonesia","docAbstract":"The Mentawai and Batu Island groups off the west coast of Sumatra have a complicated geological and biogeographical history. The Batu Islands have shared a connection with the Sumatran ‘mainland’ during periods of lowered sea level, whereas the Mentawai Islands, despite being a similar distance from Sumatra, have remained isolated from Sumatra, and probably from the Batu Islands as well. These contrasting historical relationships to Sumatra have influenced the compositions of the respective mammalian faunas of these island groups. Treeshrews (Scandentia, Tupaiidae) from these islands have, at various times in their history, been recognized as geographically circumscribed populations of a broadly distributed Tupaia glis, subspecies, or distinct species. We used multivariate analyses of measurements from the skull and hands to compare the island populations from Siberut (Mentawai Islands) and Tanahbala (Batu Islands) with the geographically adjacent species from the southern Mentawai Islands (T. chrysogaster) and Sumatra (T. ferruginea). Results from both the skull and manus of the Siberut population show that it is most similar to T. chrysogaster, whereas the Tanahbala population is more similar to T. ferruginea, confirming predictions based on island history. These results are further corroborated by mammae counts. Based on these lines of evidence, we include the Siberut population in T. chrysogaster and the Tanahbala population in T. ferruginea. Our conclusions expand the known distributions of both the Mentawai and Sumatran species. The larger geographical range of the endangered T. chrysogaster has conservation implications for this Mentawai endemic, so populations and habitat should be re-evaluated on each of the islands it inhabits. However, until such a re-evaluation is conducted, we recommend that the IUCN Red List status of this species be changed from ‘Endangered’ to ‘Data Deficient’.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/bij.12195","usgsCitation":"Sargis, E.J., Woodman, N., Morningstar, N.C., Reese, A.T., and Olson, L., 2014, Island history affects faunal composition: the treeshrews (Mammalia: Scandentia: Tupaiidae) from the Mentawai and Batu Islands, Indonesia: Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, v. 111, no. 2, p. 290-304, https://doi.org/10.1111/bij.12195.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"290","endPage":"304","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051997","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473228,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bij.12195","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":280742,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280741,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bij.12195"}],"country":"Indonesia","otherGeospatial":"Mentawai;Batu Islands","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 93.84,-11.25 ], [ 93.84,6.97 ], [ 131.0,6.97 ], [ 131.0,-11.25 ], [ 93.84,-11.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"111","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52ce7481e4b073e0995b2ddf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sargis, Eric J.","contributorId":100726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sargis","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodman, Neal 0000-0003-2689-7373 nwoodman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-7373","contributorId":3547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodman","given":"Neal","email":"nwoodman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morningstar, Natalie C.","contributorId":31293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morningstar","given":"Natalie","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reese, Aspen T.","contributorId":23826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reese","given":"Aspen","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Olson, Link E.","contributorId":60927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Link E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70047737,"text":"70047737 - 2014 - Ground motion in the presence of complex topography: Earthquake and ambient noise sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-29T11:13:00","indexId":"70047737","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-08T11:58:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground motion in the presence of complex topography: Earthquake and ambient noise sources","docAbstract":"To study the influence of topography on ground motion, eight seismic recorders were deployed for a period of one year over Poverty Ridge on the east side of the San Francisco Bay Area, California. This location is desirable because of its proximity to local earthquake sources and the significant topographic relief of the array (439 m). Topographic amplification is evaluated as a function of frequency using a variety of methods, including reference‐site‐based spectral ratios and single‐station horizontal‐to‐vertical spectral ratios using both shear waves from earthquakes and ambient noise. Field observations are compared with the predicted ground motion from an accurate digital model of the topography and a 3D local velocity model. Amplification factors from the theoretical calculations are consistent with observations. The fundamental resonance of the ridge is prominently observed in the spectra of data and synthetics; however, higher‐frequency peaks are also seen primarily for sources in line with the major axis of the ridge, perhaps indicating higher resonant modes. Excitations of lateral ribs off of the main ridge are also seen at frequencies consistent with their dimensions. The favored directions of resonance are shown to be transverse to the major axes of the topographic features.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford","doi":"10.1785/0120130088","usgsCitation":"Hartzell, S.H., Meremonte, M., Ramírez-Guzmán, L., and McNamara, D., 2014, Ground motion in the presence of complex topography: Earthquake and ambient noise sources: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 104, no. 1, p. 451-466, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120130088.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"451","endPage":"466","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050721","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280770,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Santa Clara Valley","otherGeospatial":"Diablo Mountains; Poverty Ridge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.0,37.2 ], [ -122.0,37.6 ], [ -121.6,37.6 ], [ -121.6,37.2 ], [ -122.0,37.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"104","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52ce747ee4b073e0995b2dd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartzell, Stephen H. 0000-0003-0858-9043 shartzell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-9043","contributorId":2594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"Stephen","email":"shartzell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meremonte, Mark","contributorId":56968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meremonte","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramírez-Guzmán, Leonardo","contributorId":45946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramírez-Guzmán","given":"Leonardo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McNamara, Daniel","contributorId":103566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70044825,"text":"70044825 - 2014 - Investigation of off-site airborne transport of lead from a superfund removal action site using lead isotope ratios and concentrations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-08T14:12:51","indexId":"70044825","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-08T09:08:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigation of off-site airborne transport of lead from a superfund removal action site using lead isotope ratios and concentrations","docAbstract":"Lead (Pb) concentration and Pb isotopic composition of surface and subsurface soil samples were used to investigate the potential for off-site air transport of Pb from a former white Pb processing facility to neighboring residential homes in a six block area on Staten Island, NY. Surface and subsurface soil samples collected on the Jewett White Pb site were found to range from 1.122 to 1.138 for 206Pb/207Pb and 2.393 to 2.411 for 208Pb/207Pb. The off-site surface soil samples collected from residential backyards, train trestle, near site grass patches and background areas varied from 1.144 to 1.196 for 206Pb/207Pb and 2.427 to 2.464 for 208Pb/207Pb. Two soil samples collected along Richmond Terrace, where Jewett site soils accumulated after major rain events, varied from 1.136 to 1.147 for 206Pb/207Pb and 2.407 to 2.419 for 208Pb/207Pb. Lead concentration for on-site surface soil samples ranged from 450 to 8000 ug/g, on-site subsurface soil samples ranged from 90,000 to 240,000 ug/g and off-site samples varied from 380 to 3500 ug/g. Lead concentration and isotopic composition for the Staten Island off-site samples were similar to previously published data for other northeastern US cities and reflect re-suspension and re-mobilization of local accumulated Pb. The considerable differences in both the Pb isotopic composition and Pb concentration of on-site and off-site samples resulted in the ability to geochemically trace the transport of particulate Pb. Data in this study indicate minimal off-site surface transport of Pb from the Jewett site into the neighboring residential area.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.11.004","usgsCitation":"Pribil, M., Maddaloni, M.A., Staiger, K., Wilson, E., Magriples, N., Ali, M., and Santella, D., 2014, Investigation of off-site airborne transport of lead from a superfund removal action site using lead isotope ratios and concentrations: Applied Geochemistry, v. 41, p. 89-94, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.11.004.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"94","numberOfPages":"6","ipdsId":"IP-024846","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280750,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280749,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.11.004"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","city":"Staten Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.181499,40.609152 ], [ -74.181499,40.647384 ], [ -74.096002,40.647384 ], [ -74.096002,40.609152 ], [ -74.181499,40.609152 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"41","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52ce7480e4b073e0995b2ddb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pribil, Michael J.","contributorId":62115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pribil","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maddaloni, Mark A.","contributorId":66164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maddaloni","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Staiger, Kimberly","contributorId":74292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staiger","given":"Kimberly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, Eric","contributorId":96542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Magriples, Nick","contributorId":58935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magriples","given":"Nick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ali, Mustafa","contributorId":64150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ali","given":"Mustafa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Santella, Dennis","contributorId":49695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santella","given":"Dennis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70049021,"text":"fs20133084 - 2014 - The 3D Elevation Program: summary for South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T15:59:52","indexId":"fs20133084","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-07T15:08:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3084","title":"The 3D Elevation Program: summary for South Dakota","docAbstract":"Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. For the State of South Dakota, elevation data are critical for agriculture and precision farming, natural resources conservation, water supply and quality, infrastructure and construction management, flood risk management, geologic resource assessment and hazard mitigation, and other business uses. Today, high-density light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the primary sources for deriving elevation models and other datasets. Federal, State, tribal, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data that are older and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of State and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data.
\nThe National Enhanced Elevation Assessment (NEEA; Dewberry, 2011) evaluated multiple elevation data acquisition options to determine the optimal data quality and data replacement cycle relative to cost to meet the identified requirements of the user community. The evaluation demonstrated that lidar acquisition at quality level 2 for the conterminous United States and quality level 5 ifsar data for Alaska with a 6- to 10-year acquisition cycle provided the highest benefit/cost ratios.The new 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative selected an 8-year acquisition cycle for the respective quality levels. 3DEP, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Office of Management and Budget Circular A–16 lead agency for terrestrial elevation data, responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other 3D representations of the Nation’s natural and constructed features.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133084","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W., 2014, The 3D Elevation Program: summary for South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3084, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133084.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046336","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280678,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133084.jpg"},{"id":280677,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3084/pdf/fs2013-3084.pdf","text":"Report","size":"257 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":280676,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3084/"}],"country":"United States","state":"South 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Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70048996,"text":"ofr20131266 - 2014 - Natural heat storage in a brine-filled solar pond in the Tully Valley of central New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-07T14:27:58","indexId":"ofr20131266","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-07T14:06:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1266","title":"Natural heat storage in a brine-filled solar pond in the Tully Valley of central New York","docAbstract":"The Tully Valley, located in southern Onondaga County, New York, has a long history of unusual natural hydrogeologic phenomena including mudboils (Kappel, 2009), landslides (Tamulonis and others, 2009; Pair and others, 2000), landsurface subsidence (Hackett and others, 2009; Kappel, 2009), and a brine-filled sinkhole or “Solar pond” (fig. 1), which is documented in this report. A solar pond is a pool of salty water (brine) which stores the sun’s energy in the form of heat. The saltwater naturally forms distinct layers with increasing density between transitional zones (haloclines) of rapidly changing specific conductance with depth. In a typical solar pond, the top layer has a low salt content and is often times referred to as the upper convective zone (Lu and others, 2002). The bottom layer is a concentrated brine that is either convective or temperature stratified dependent on the surrounding environment. Solar insolation is absorbed and stored in the lower, denser brine while the overlying halocline acts as an insulating layer and prevents heat from moving upwards from the lower zone (Lu and others, 2002). In the case of the Tully Valley solar pond, water within the pond can be over 90 degrees Fahrenheit (°F) in late summer and early fall. The purpose of this report is to summarize observations at the Tully Valley brine-filled sinkhole and provide supplemental climate data which might affect the pond salinity gradients insolation (solar energy).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131266","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Hayhurst, B., and Kappel, W.M., 2014, Natural heat storage in a brine-filled solar pond in the Tully Valley of central New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1266, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131266.","productDescription":"14 p.","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-044705","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280666,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131266.jpg"},{"id":280664,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1266/pdf/ofr2013-1266.pdf"},{"id":280665,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1266/"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Onondaga County","otherGeospatial":"Tully Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.166667,42.816667 ], [ -76.166667,42.9 ], [ -76.125,42.9 ], [ -76.125,42.816667 ], [ -76.166667,42.816667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52cd21fee4b0c3f95143ed05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayhurst, Brett 0000-0002-1717-2015","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1717-2015","contributorId":96995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayhurst","given":"Brett","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kappel, William M. 0000-0002-2382-9757 wkappel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2382-9757","contributorId":1074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kappel","given":"William","email":"wkappel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70059915,"text":"70059915 - 2014 - What do data used to develop ground-motion prediction equations tell us about motions near faults?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-14T11:40:26","indexId":"70059915","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-06T16:10:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"What do data used to develop ground-motion prediction equations tell us about motions near faults?","docAbstract":"A large database of ground motions from shallow earthquakes occurring in active tectonic regions around the world, recently developed in the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Center’s NGA-West2 project, has been used to investigate what such a database can say about the properties and processes of crustal fault zones. There are a relatively small number of near-rupture records, implying that few recordings in the database are within crustal fault zones, but the records that do exist emphasize the complexity of ground-motion amplitudes and polarization close to individual faults. On average over the whole data set, however, the scaling of ground motions with magnitude at a fixed distance, and the distance dependence of the ground motions, seem to be largely consistent with simple seismological models of source scaling, path propagation effects, and local site amplification. The data show that ground motions close to large faults, as measured by elastic response spectra, tend to saturate and become essentially constant for short periods. This saturation seems to be primarily a geometrical effect, due to the increasing size of the rupture surface with magnitude, and not due to a breakdown in self similarity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00024-013-0748-9","usgsCitation":"Boore, D.M., 2014, What do data used to develop ground-motion prediction equations tell us about motions near faults?: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 171, no. 11, p. 3023-3043, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-013-0748-9.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"3023","endPage":"3043","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051125","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280636,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280635,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-013-0748-9"}],"volume":"171","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52cbd084e4b03116c9ddba10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boore, David M. boore@usgs.gov","contributorId":2509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"David","email":"boore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":487853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70160095,"text":"70160095 - 2014 - Comparative recruitment dynamics of Alewife and Bloater in Lakes Michigan and Huron","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-11T15:50:51","indexId":"70160095","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative recruitment dynamics of Alewife and Bloater in Lakes Michigan and Huron","docAbstract":"The predictive power of recruitment models often relies on the identification and quantification of external variables, in addition to stock size. In theory, the identification of climatic, biotic, or demographic influences on reproductive success assists fisheries management by identifying factors that have a direct and reproducible influence on the population dynamics of a target species. More often, models are constructed as one-time studies of a single population whose results are not revisited when further data become available. Here, we present results from stock recruitment models for Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus and Bloater Coregonus hoyi in Lakes Michigan and Huron. The factors that explain variation in Bloater recruitment were remarkably consistent across populations and with previous studies that found Bloater recruitment to be linked to population demographic patterns in Lake Michigan. Conversely, our models were poor predictors of Alewife recruitment in Lake Huron but did show some agreement with previously published models from Lake Michigan. Overall, our results suggest that external predictors of fish recruitment are difficult to discern using traditional fisheries models, and reproducing the results from previous studies may be difficult particularly at low population sizes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2013.833986","collaboration":"University of Michigan","usgsCitation":"Collingsworth, P.D., Bunnell, D., Madenjian, C.P., and Riley, S.C., 2014, Comparative recruitment dynamics of Alewife and Bloater in Lakes Michigan and Huron: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 143, no. 1, p. 294-309, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2013.833986.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"294","endPage":"309","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049393","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473233,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/141414","text":"External Repository"},{"id":312204,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan and Lake 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cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Riley, Stephen C. 0000-0002-8968-8416 sriley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8968-8416","contributorId":2661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riley","given":"Stephen","email":"sriley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":581992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70065876,"text":"70065876 - 2014 - Geographic variability in elevation and topographic constraints on the distribution of native and nonnative trout in the Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-07T15:46:30","indexId":"70065876","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T15:41:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic variability in elevation and topographic constraints on the distribution of native and nonnative trout in the Great Basin","docAbstract":"Understanding local and geographic factors influencing species distributions is a prerequisite for conservation planning. Our objective in this study was to model local and geographic variability in elevations occupied by native and nonnative trout in the northwestern Great Basin, USA. To this end, we analyzed a large existing data set of trout presence (5,156 observations) to evaluate two fundamental factors influencing occupied elevations: climate-related gradients in geography and local constraints imposed by topography. We applied quantile regression to model upstream and downstream distribution elevation limits for each trout species commonly found in the region (two native and two nonnative species). With these models in hand, we simulated an upstream shift in elevation limits of trout distributions to evaluate potential consequences of habitat loss. Downstream elevation limits were inversely associated with latitude, reflecting regional gradients in temperature. Upstream limits were positively related to maximum stream elevation as expected. Downstream elevation limits were constrained topographically by valley bottom elevations in northern streams but not in southern streams, where limits began well above valley bottoms. Elevation limits were similar among species. Upstream shifts in elevation limits for trout would lead to more habitat loss in the north than in the south, a result attributable to differences in topography. Because downstream distributions of trout in the north extend into valley bottoms with reduced topographic relief, trout in more northerly latitudes are more likely to experience habitat loss associated with an upstream shift in lower elevation limits. By applying quantile regression to relatively simple information (species presence, elevation, geography, topography), we were able to identify elevation limits for trout in the Great Basin and explore the effects of potential shifts in these limits that could occur in response to changing climate conditions that alter streams directly (e.g., through changes in temperature and precipitation) or indirectly (e.g., through changing water use).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2013.833551","usgsCitation":"Warren, D.R., Dunham, J., and Hockman-Wert, D., 2014, Geographic variability in elevation and topographic constraints on the distribution of native and nonnative trout in the Great Basin: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 143, no. 1, p. 205-218, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2013.833551.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"205","endPage":"218","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-049648","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2013.833551","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":280675,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280651,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2013.833551"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Idaho;Nevada;Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125.0,39.0 ], [ -125.0,44.0 ], [ -112.0,44.0 ], [ -112.0,39.0 ], [ -125.0,39.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"143","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5b23e4b0b290850f9d0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warren, Dana R.","contributorId":96139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunham, Jason B.","contributorId":64791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hockman-Wert, David 0000-0003-2436-6237 dhockman-wert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2436-6237","contributorId":3891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hockman-Wert","given":"David","email":"dhockman-wert@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70100736,"text":"70100736 - 2014 - Deep-sea coral record of human impact on watershed quality in the Mississippi River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-04T15:37:48","indexId":"70100736","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T15:34:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep-sea coral record of human impact on watershed quality in the Mississippi River Basin","docAbstract":"One of the greatest drivers of historical nutrient and sediment transport into the Gulf of Mexico is the unprecedented scale and intensity of land use change in the Mississippi River Basin. These landscape changes are linked to enhanced fluxes of carbon and nitrogen pollution from the Mississippi River, and persistent eutrophication and hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Increased terrestrial runoff is one hypothesis for recent enrichment in bulk nitrogen isotope (δ15N) values, a tracer for nutrient source, observed in a Gulf of Mexico deep-sea coral record. However, unambiguously linking anthropogenic land use change to whole scale shifts in downstream Gulf of Mexico biogeochemical cycles is difficult. Here we present a novel approach, coupling a new tracer of agro-industrialization to a multiproxy record of nutrient loading in long-lived deep-sea corals collected in the Gulf of Mexico. We found that coral bulk δ15N values are enriched over the last 150–200 years relative to the last millennia, and compound-specific amino acid δ15N data indicate a strong increase in baseline δ15N of nitrate as the primary cause. Coral rhenium (Re) values are also strongly elevated during this period, suggesting that 34% of Re is of anthropogenic origin, consistent with Re enrichment in major world rivers. However, there are no pre-anthropogenic measurements of Re to confirm this observation. For the first time, an unprecedented record of natural and anthropogenic Re variability is documented through coral Re records. Taken together, these novel proxies link upstream changes in water quality to impacts on the deep-sea coral ecosystem.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2013GB004754","usgsCitation":"Prouty, N.G., Roark, E., Koenig, A.E., Demopoulos, A., Batista, F.C., Kocar, B.D., Selby, D., McCarthy, M.D., and Mienis, F., 2014, Deep-sea coral record of human impact on watershed quality in the Mississippi River Basin: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 28, no. 1, p. 29-43, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GB004754.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"43","numberOfPages":"15","ipdsId":"IP-051800","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"text":"External Repository"},{"id":285751,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":285750,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013GB004754"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.0,24.0 ], [ -116.0,48.0 ], [ -76.0,48.0 ], [ -76.0,24.0 ], [ -116.0,24.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53559002e4b0120853e8beb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prouty, Nancy G. 0000-0002-8922-0688 nprouty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8922-0688","contributorId":3350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prouty","given":"Nancy","email":"nprouty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roark, E. 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However, few studies have considered the spatial and temporal overlap of these threats to evaluate how ongoing land-use change could affect species ranges projected to shift outside conservation areas. We evaluated climate change and urban development effects on vegetation distribution in the Southwest ecoregion, California Floristic Province, USA. We also evaluated how well a conservation network protects suitable habitat for rare plant species under these change projections and identified primary sources of uncertainty. We used consensus-based maps from three species distribution models (SDMs) to project current and future suitable habitat for 19 species representing different functional types (defined by fire-response – obligate seeders, resprouting shrubs – and life forms – herbs, subshrubs), and range sizes (large/common, small/rare). We used one spatially explicit urban growth projection; two climate models, emission scenarios, and probability thresholds applied to SDMs; and high-resolution (90 m) environmental data. We projected that suitable habitat could disappear for 4 species and decrease for 15 by 2080. Averaged centroids of suitable habitat (all species) were projected to shift tens (up to hundreds) of kilometers. Herbs showed a small-projected response to climate change, while obligate seeders could suffer the greatest losses. Several rare species could lose suitable habitat inside conservation areas while increasing area outside. We concluded that (i) climate change is more important than urban development for vegetation habitat loss in this ecoregion through 2080 due to diminishing amounts of undeveloped private land in this region; (ii) the existing conservation plan, while extensive, may be inadequate to protect plant diversity under projected patterns of climate change and urban development, (iii) regional assessments of the dynamics of the drivers of biodiversity change based on high-resolution environmental data and consensus predictive mapping, such as this study, are necessary to identify the species expected to be the most vulnerable and to meaningfully inform regional-scale conservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/13658816.2013.846472","usgsCitation":"Beltran, B., Franklin, J., Syphard, A.D., Regan, H.M., Flint, L.E., and Flint, A.L., 2014, Effects of climate change and urban development on the distribution and conservation of vegetation in a Mediterranean type ecosystem: International Journal of Geographical Information Science, v. 28, no. 8, p. 1561-1589, https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2013.846472.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"1561","endPage":"1589","ipdsId":"IP-041948","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4zf1737x","text":"External Repository"},{"id":357986,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.94921874999999,\n 32.519026027827515\n ],\n [\n -115.850830078125,\n 32.519026027827515\n ],\n [\n -115.850830078125,\n 34.161818161230386\n ],\n [\n -117.94921874999999,\n 34.161818161230386\n ],\n [\n -117.94921874999999,\n 32.519026027827515\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc038ebe4b0fc368eb53b15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beltran, Bray","contributorId":197901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beltran","given":"Bray","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Franklin, Janet","contributorId":192373,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Franklin","given":"Janet","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Syphard, Alexandra D.","contributorId":8977,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Syphard","given":"Alexandra","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Regan, Helen M.","contributorId":149953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Regan","given":"Helen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X lflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":1184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"lflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70119388,"text":"70119388 - 2014 - An ontology design pattern for surface water features","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-30T13:59:53","indexId":"70119388","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T15:19:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"An ontology design pattern for surface water features","docAbstract":"Surface water is a primary concept of human experience but concepts are captured in cultures and languages in many different ways. Still, many commonalities exist due to the physical basis of many of the properties and categories. An abstract ontology of surface water features based only on those physical properties of landscape features has the best potential for serving as a foundational domain ontology for other more context-dependent ontologies. The Surface Water ontology design pattern was developed both for domain knowledge distillation and to serve as a conceptual building-block for more complex or specialized surface water ontologies. A fundamental distinction is made in this ontology between landscape features that act as containers (e.g., stream channels, basins) and the bodies of water (e.g., rivers, lakes) that occupy those containers. Concave (container) landforms semantics are specified in a Dry module and the semantics of contained bodies of water in a Wet module. The pattern is implemented in OWL, but Description Logic axioms and a detailed explanation is provided in this paper. The OWL ontology will be an important contribution to Semantic Web vocabulary for annotating surface water feature datasets. Also provided is a discussion of why there is a need to complement the pattern with other ontologies, especially the previously developed Surface Network pattern. Finally, the practical value of the pattern in semantic querying of surface water datasets is illustrated through an annotated geospatial dataset and sample queries using the classes of the Surface Water pattern.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geographic Information Science: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference, GIScience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-11593-1_13","usgsCitation":"Sinha, G., Mark, D., Kolas, D., Varanka, D., Romero, B.E., Feng, C., Usery, E.L., Liebermann, J., and Sorokine, A., 2014, An ontology design pattern for surface water features, in Geographic Information Science: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference, GIScience, v. 8728, p. 187-203, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11593-1_13.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"203","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-056598","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294560,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294559,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11593-1_13"}],"volume":"8728","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54252e9ee4b0e641df8a6e69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sinha, Gaurav","contributorId":75075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinha","given":"Gaurav","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mark, David","contributorId":71906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mark","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kolas, Dave","contributorId":12390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolas","given":"Dave","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Varanka, Dalia","contributorId":99654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varanka","given":"Dalia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Romero, Boleslo E.","contributorId":79414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romero","given":"Boleslo","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Feng, Chen-Chieh","contributorId":83854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feng","given":"Chen-Chieh","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Usery, E. Lynn 0000-0002-2766-2173 usery@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2766-2173","contributorId":231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E.","email":"usery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Liebermann, Joshua","contributorId":90659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liebermann","given":"Joshua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sorokine, Alexandre","contributorId":58206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorokine","given":"Alexandre","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70100634,"text":"70100634 - 2014 - Uncertainty and extreme events in future climate and hydrologic projections for the Pacific Northwest: providing a basis for vulnerability and core/corridor assessments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-27T10:52:40","indexId":"70100634","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T15:17:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"title":"Uncertainty and extreme events in future climate and hydrologic projections for the Pacific Northwest: providing a basis for vulnerability and core/corridor assessments","docAbstract":"The purpose of this project was to (1) provide an internally-consistent set of downscaled projections across the Western U.S., (2) include information about projection uncertainty, and (3) assess projected changes of hydrologic extremes. These objectives were designed to address decision support needs for climate adaptation and resource management actions. Specifically, understanding of uncertainty in climate projections – in particular for extreme events – is currently a key scientific and management barrier to adaptation planning and vulnerability assessment.
The new dataset fills in the Northwest domain to cover a key gap in the previous dataset, adds additional projections (both from other global climate models and a comparison with dynamical downscaling) and includes an assessment of changes to flow and soil moisture extremes. This new information can be used to assess variations in impacts across the landscape, uncertainty in projections, and how these differ as a function of region, variable, and time period.
In this project, existing University of Washington Climate Impacts Group (UW CIG) products were extended to develop a comprehensive data archive that accounts (in a reigorous and physically based way) for climate model uncertainty in future climate and hydrologic scenarios. These products can be used to determine likely impacts on vegetation and aquatic habitat in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) region, including WA, OR, ID, northwest MT to the continental divide, northern CA, NV, UT, and the Columbia Basin portion of western WY New data series and summaries produced for this project include: 1) extreme statistics for surface hydrology (e.g. frequency of soil moisture and summer water deficit) and streamflow (e.g. the 100-year flood, extreme 7-day low flows with a 10-year recurrence interval); 2) snowpack vulnerability as indicated by the ratio of April 1 snow water to cool-season precipitation; and, 3) uncertainty analyses for multiple climate scenarios.
","language":"English","publisher":"Climate Impacts Group","publisherLocation":"Seattle, WA","usgsCitation":"Littell, J.S., Mauger, G., Salathe, E.P., Hamlet, A.F., Lee, S., Stumbaugh, M.R., Elsner, M., Norheim, R., Lutz, E.R., and Mantua, N.J., 2014, Uncertainty and extreme events in future climate and hydrologic projections for the Pacific Northwest: providing a basis for vulnerability and core/corridor assessments, 19 p.","productDescription":"19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-054776","costCenters":[{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287631,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287630,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cses.washington.edu/db/pubs/abstract825.shtml"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.79,31.27 ], [ -124.79,49.0 ], [ -104.08,49.0 ], [ -104.08,31.27 ], [ -124.79,31.27 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5385b405e4b09e18fc023ac5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Littell, Jeremy S.","contributorId":54506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Littell","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mauger, Guillaume S.","contributorId":11954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mauger","given":"Guillaume S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Salathe, Eric P.","contributorId":85887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salathe","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hamlet, Alan F.","contributorId":15529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamlet","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lee, Se-Yeun","contributorId":76657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Se-Yeun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stumbaugh, Matt R.","contributorId":17916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumbaugh","given":"Matt","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Elsner, Marketa","contributorId":55344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elsner","given":"Marketa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Norheim, Robert","contributorId":75446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norheim","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lutz, Eric R.","contributorId":57775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutz","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Mantua, Nathan J.","contributorId":83429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mantua","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ]}