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C.","contributorId":10057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"J. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506226,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Coon, R.A.","contributorId":43060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coon","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dwyer, T.J.","contributorId":56177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5210279,"text":"5210279 - 1981 - The whooping crane","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:14","indexId":"5210279","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The whooping crane","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Crane Research Around the World: Proceedings of the International Crane Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Crane Foundation","publisherLocation":"Baraboo, Wisconsin","collaboration":"Held in Sapporo, Japan, 1980. OCLC: 8958972","usgsCitation":"Erickson, R., and Derrickson, S., 1981, The whooping crane, chap. of Crane Research Around the World: Proceedings of the International Crane Symposium, p. 104-118.","productDescription":"259","startPage":"104","endPage":"118","numberOfPages":"259","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201220,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62eacd","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Lewis, James C.","contributorId":76800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506223,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Masatomi, Hiroyuki","contributorId":113004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masatomi","given":"Hiroyuki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506224,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Erickson, R.C.","contributorId":22032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Derrickson, S.R.","contributorId":28927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derrickson","given":"S.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5210365,"text":"5210365 - 1981 - Sampling in rugged terrain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:16","indexId":"5210365","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"6","title":"Sampling in rugged terrain","docAbstract":"Work in rugged terrain poses some unique problems that should be considered before research is initiated. Besides the obvious physical difficulties of crossing uneven terrain, topography can influence the bird species? composition of a forest and the observer's ability to detect birds and estimate distances. Census results can also be affected by the slower rate of travel on rugged terrain. Density figures may be higher than results obtained from censuses in similar habitat on level terrain because of the greater likelihood of double-recording of individuals and of recording species that sing infrequently. In selecting a census technique, the researcher should weigh the efficiency and applicability of a technique for the objectives of his study in light of the added difficulties posed by rugged terrain. The variable circular-plot method is probably the most effective technique for estimating bird numbers. Bird counts and distance estimates are facilitated because the observer is stationary, and calculations of species? densities take into account differences in effective area covered amongst stations due to variability in terrain or vegetation structure. Institution of precautions that minimize the risk of injury to field personnel can often enhance the observer?s ability to detect birds.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, Kansas","usgsCitation":"Dawson, D., 1981, Sampling in rugged terrain, chap. of Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds, p. 311-315.","productDescription":"x, 630","startPage":"311","endPage":"315","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fddd6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ralph, C. John","contributorId":71284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralph","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506354,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, J. Michael","contributorId":98877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506355,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Dawson, D.K. 0000-0001-7531-212X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7531-212X","contributorId":94752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"D.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5210391,"text":"5210391 - 1981 - The role of observer bias in the North American Breeding Bird Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-20T11:26:43","indexId":"5210391","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"6","title":"The role of observer bias in the North American Breeding Bird Survey","docAbstract":"Ornithologists sampling breeding bird populations are subject to a number of biases in bird recognition and identification. Using Breeding Bird Survey data, these biases are examined qualitatively and quantitatively, and their effects on counts are evaluated. Differences in hearing ability and degree of expertise are the major observer biases considered. Other, more subtle influences are also discussed, including unfamiliar species, resolution, imagination, similar songs and attitude and condition of observers. In most cases, welltrained observers are comparable in ability and their differences contribute little beyond sampling error. However, just as hearing loss can affect results, so can an unprepared observer. These biases are important because they can reduce the credibility of any bird population sampling effort. Care is advised in choosing observers and in interpreting and using results when observers of variable competence are involved.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, Kansas","usgsCitation":"Faanes, C.A., and Bystrak, D., 1981, The role of observer bias in the North American Breeding Bird Survey, chap. of Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds, p. 353-359.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"353","endPage":"359","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640df0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faanes, C. A.","contributorId":8790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faanes","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bystrak, D.","contributorId":58220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bystrak","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5210421,"text":"5210421 - 1981 - Roads and roadside habitat in relation to small mammal distribution and abundance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:18","indexId":"5210421","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Roads and roadside habitat in relation to small mammal distribution and abundance","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Concerns in Rights-of-Way Management. Proceedings of Second Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Electric Power Research Institute","publisherLocation":"Palo Alto, California","usgsCitation":"Adams, L., and Geis, A.D., 1981, Roads and roadside habitat in relation to small mammal distribution and abundance, chap. of Environmental Concerns in Rights-of-Way Management. Proceedings of Second Symposium, p. 54-1.","productDescription":"various pagings","startPage":"54","endPage":"1","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200703,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0fe4b07f02db5fec8d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Tillman, R.E.","contributorId":113913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillman","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506443,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Adams, L.W.","contributorId":108217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Geis, A. D.","contributorId":72885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geis","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5210434,"text":"5210434 - 1981 - Management and research opportunities with urban wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:19","indexId":"5210434","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Management and research opportunities with urban wildlife","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Symposium, August 13-14, 1981, Athens, Georgia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Game and Fish Division","publisherLocation":"Atlanta","collaboration":"OCLC: 9246771","usgsCitation":"Geis, A.D., 1981, Management and research opportunities with urban wildlife, chap. of Proceedings of the Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Symposium, August 13-14, 1981, Athens, Georgia, p. 37-40.","productDescription":"179","startPage":"37","endPage":"40","numberOfPages":"179","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a24d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Odom, Ron R.","contributorId":112904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odom","given":"Ron","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506457,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guthrie, J.W.","contributorId":112702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guthrie","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506456,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Geis, A. D.","contributorId":72885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geis","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5210286,"text":"5210286 - 1981 - Metals and terrestrial earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:14","indexId":"5210286","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Metals and terrestrial earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta)","docAbstract":"The toxicity of metals to earthworms and the residues of metals found in earthworms are reviewed. Meta 1 concentrations are rarely high enough to be toxic to worms, but copper may reduce populations in orchards heavily treated with fungicides and in soil contaminated with pig wastes. The metals in some industrial sewage sludges may interfere with using sludge in vermiculture. Storage ratios (the concentration of a metal in worms divided by the concentration in soil) tend to be highest in infertile soil and lowest in media rich in organic matter, such as sewage sludge. Cadmium, gold, and selenium are highly concentrated by worms. Lead concentrations in worms may be very high, but are generally lower than concentrations in soil. Body burdens of both copper and zinc seem to be regulated by worms. Because worms are part of the food webs of many wildlife species, and also because they are potentially valuable feed supplements for domestic animals, the possible toxic effects of cadmium and other metals should be studied. Worms can make metals more available to food webs and can redistribute them in soil.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Workshop on the Role of Earthworms in the Stabilization of Organic Residues, Proceedings, Volume 1. ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Beech Leaf Press","publisherLocation":"Kalamazoo, Michigan","usgsCitation":"Beyer, W., 1981, Metals and terrestrial earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta), chap. of Workshop on the Role of Earthworms in the Stabilization of Organic Residues, Proceedings, Volume 1. , p. 137-150.","productDescription":"xxv, 315","startPage":"137","endPage":"150","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201154,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db628750","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beyer, W. N. 0000-0002-8911-9141","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-9141","contributorId":55379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"W. 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Our objective was to quantify changes in behavior after exposure to an organophosphate (OP) pesticide and to assess the impact of changes in behavior on the interpretation of population estimates of birds following pesticide applications. We observed each pair of males for an hour at 07:30 and 09:30 for four days and classified their behavior into one of four categories: flying, perching, foraging, or singing and displaying. At 06:30 on day 2, one male received a single oral dose of 2.5 mg dicrotophos (3-hydroxy-N, N-dimethyl-cis-crotonamide dimethyl phosphate) per kg of body weight; the other male received an equivalent exposure of corn oil. Changes in the activity budgets of OP-dosed and control males were compared using t-tests. Activity of OP-dosed males was significantly (P _ 0.05) reduced within the 2-4 h following exposure. OP-dosed males spent more time perching (46.1%) than controls and less time flying (-96.6%), foraging (-28.5%), and singing and displaying (-49.5%). The frequency of perching (-75.3%), flying (-83.8%), foraging (-54.1%), and singing and displaying (- 59.2%) was significantly reduced. Activity in OP-dosed males returned to normal by 26-28 h posttreatment. Results suggest that movement and vocalization may be significantly reduced in birds exposed to organophosphate and carbamate pesticides. Conventional censusing techniques and population estimating procedures may, therefore, be inadequate to assess changes in bird populations after pesticide applications because of the difficulty in separating decreases in density due to mortality or emigration from reductions in activity.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Grue, C., and Shipley, B., 1981, Interpreting population estimates of birds following pesticide applications--behavior of male starlings exposed to an organophosphate pesticide, chap. of Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds, p. 292-296.","productDescription":"x, 630","startPage":"292","endPage":"296","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200960,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dae4b07f02db5e023a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ralph, C. John","contributorId":71284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralph","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506212,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, J. Michael","contributorId":98877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506213,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Grue, C.E.","contributorId":86446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grue","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shipley, B.J.","contributorId":106233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shipley","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5210275,"text":"5210275 - 1981 - Estimates of avian population trends from the North American Breeding Bird Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:18","indexId":"5210275","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"6","title":"Estimates of avian population trends from the North American Breeding Bird Survey","docAbstract":"One of the major purposes of bird population studies is to document changes in population size over a period of years. The traditional method used in Europe and North America to detect population change is to calculate annual ratios. However, this method can produce spurious results when ratios are accumulated over many years. Consequently, new methods of computing trends are needed. Several new methods of estimating population trends are developed and illustrated with data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS). Each method is compared in terms of its assumptions, biases, and limitations. On the basis of these comparisons we recommend one method that we feel most accurately detects true population trends. Both the biological and statistical justifications for the model selection are presented. Trends estimated with this model are then presented for two species.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","usgsCitation":"Geissler, P., and Noon, B., 1981, Estimates of avian population trends from the North American Breeding Bird Survey, chap. of Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds, p. 42-51.","productDescription":"x, 630","startPage":"42","endPage":"51","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201031,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcb7a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ralph, C. John","contributorId":71284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralph","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506217,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, J. Michael","contributorId":98877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506218,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Geissler, P.H.","contributorId":24038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissler","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noon, B.R.","contributorId":24311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noon","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}