{"pageNumber":"54","pageRowStart":"1325","pageSize":"25","recordCount":1873,"records":[{"id":67536,"text":"i2272 - 1995 - Geologic map of Port Moller, Stepovak Bay, and Simeonof Island quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-30T08:27:33","indexId":"i2272","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2272","title":"Geologic map of Port Moller, Stepovak Bay, and Simeonof Island quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula, Alaska","docAbstract":"

Geologic mapping of Port Moller, Stevopak Bay, and Simeonof Island 1° by 2° quadrangles on the Alaska Peninsula was conducted as part of the Alaska Mineral Resource Assessment Program (AMRAP). Geologic observations was obtained by using helicopter overflights, vertical aerial photography, and enhanced and extensively processed Landsat imagery (York and others, 1984; Wilson and York, 1985). Helicopter-supported field investigations were conducted from Sand Point in 1982 and 1986 and from both Sand Point and Port Moller in 1985 and 1985. In addition, field work was conducted from the U.S. Geological Survey Research Vessel Don J. Miller II in 1983 and 1984. The mapping of Burk (1965), Kennedy and Waldron (1955), and Moore (1974) provided an excellent basis for the AMRAP mapping. The present map duplicates both Moore’s map of the outer Shumagin Islands and Kennedy and Waldron’s map of the Pavlof Volcano area with minor additions. However, important changes have been made to Burk’s pioneering work.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Fairbanks, AK","doi":"10.3133/i2272","usgsCitation":"Wilson, F.H., Detterman, R.L., Miller, J.W., and Case, J.E., 1995, Geologic map of Port Moller, Stepovak Bay, and Simeonof Island quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2272, 2 Sheets: 43.29 x 33.78 and 36.36 x 28.17 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2272.","productDescription":"2 Sheets: 43.29 x 33.78 and 36.36 x 28.17 inches","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":188630,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":107356,"rank":698,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10206.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"10206"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Port Moller quadrangle, Simeonof Island quadrangle, Stepovak Bay quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -162,54.75 ], [ -162,56 ], [ -158.5,56 ], [ -158.5,54.75 ], [ -162,54.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2c80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":276597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Detterman, Robert L.","contributorId":71526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detterman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, John W.","contributorId":70357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Case, James E.","contributorId":68702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Case","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70200795,"text":"70200795 - 1995 - Velocities and mass balance of Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica, derived from ERS-1 SAR images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-01T13:44:40","indexId":"70200795","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T13:43:30","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":794,"text":"Annals of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Velocities and mass balance of Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica, derived from ERS-1 SAR images","docAbstract":"

Pine Island Glacier is one of the major ice streams draining West Antarctica. We calculated average velocities for both its grounded and floating parts by tracking crevasses and other patterns moving with the ice on two sequential images acquired in February and December 1992 by ERS-1 SAR (European Remote-Sensing Satellite, Synthetic Aperture Radar). Velocities in the fast-moving central parts of the glacier range from about 1.3 km a−1 on the grounded part to about 2.6 km a−1on the floating part. Velocity increases rapidly just below the grounding line. For the floating part, velocities are approximately 0.3 km a−1 faster than previously established from Landsat images by other workers. This observation suggests that the discharge is larger and, therefore, the mass balance less positive than previously thought; however, our study also shows that current information is insufficient to allow for precise mass-balance calculations. Images of the glacier front show that a calving event released an iceberg about 5 km wide between February and December 1992. The position of the glacier front has not changed substantially between 1973 (Landsat image) and 1992 (ERS-1 images).

","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.3189/S0260305500015949","usgsCitation":"Lucchitta, B.K., Rosanova, C.E., and Mullins, K., 1995, Velocities and mass balance of Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica, derived from ERS-1 SAR images: Annals of Glaciology, v. 21, p. 277-283, https://doi.org/10.3189/S0260305500015949.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"283","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500015949","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":359075,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Antarctica","otherGeospatial":"Pine Island Glacier","volume":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c110fa1e4b034bf6a811718","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucchitta, Baerbel K. blucchitta@usgs.gov","contributorId":3649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"Baerbel","email":"blucchitta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":750551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosanova, Christina E.","contributorId":71497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosanova","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mullins, K.F.","contributorId":10741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mullins","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187033,"text":"70187033 - 1995 - Assessment of forest fragmentation in southern New England using remote sensing and geographic information systems technology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-20T11:08:00","indexId":"70187033","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of forest fragmentation in southern New England using remote sensing and geographic information systems technology","docAbstract":"

Spatial patterns and rates of forest fragmentation were assessed using digital remote sensing data for a region in southern New England that included 157 townships in southern New Hampshire and northeastern Massachusetts. The study area has undergone marked population increases over the last several decades. Following classification of 1973 and 1988 Landsat Multispectral Scanner data into forest and nonforest classes, data were incorporated into a geographic information system. The natural logarithms of forest area to perimeter ratios, referred to as the forest continuity index, were used to assess patterns and trends of forest fragmentation across the region Forest continuity index values were extracted from each township for both data sets and compared with population data. Forest continuity index values were found to decrease with increasing population density until about 200 persons per square kilometer, after which the relationship stabilized. With slight population increases at low densities forest continuity index values declined sharply, implying abrupt increases in forest fragmentation. Results from the study indicated good negative correlations (r2 values of 0.81 and 0.77) between the Multispectral Scanner-derived forest continuity index and natural logs of township population density. Socioeconomic indicators such as affluence and commuting patterns did not appear to correlate well with forest fragmentation estimates. Decreases in forest continuity index values occurred throughout much of the study region between 1973 and 1988, suggesting that forest fragmentation is occurring over large regions within the eastern United States. It is technologically feasible to assess patterns and rates of forest fragmentation across much larger areas than analyzed in this study; such analyses would provide useful overviews enabling objective assessment of the magnitude of forest fragmentation.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.9020439.x","usgsCitation":"Vogelmann, J., 1995, Assessment of forest fragmentation in southern New England using remote sensing and geographic information systems technology: Conservation Biology, v. 9, no. 2, p. 439-449, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.9020439.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"439","endPage":"449","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339961,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts, New Hampshire","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.4053955078125,\n 42.26511445833756\n ],\n [\n -70.5487060546875,\n 42.26511445833756\n ],\n [\n -70.5487060546875,\n 43.329173667843904\n ],\n [\n -72.4053955078125,\n 43.329173667843904\n ],\n [\n -72.4053955078125,\n 42.26511445833756\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f877c4e4b0b7ea54521c4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vogelmann, James E. 0000-0002-0804-5823 vogel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0804-5823","contributorId":649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogelmann","given":"James E.","email":"vogel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":692022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70134359,"text":"70134359 - 1995 - Rift flank segmentation, basin initiation and propagation: a neotectonic example from Lake Baikal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-04T13:59:17","indexId":"70134359","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2545,"text":"Journal of the Geological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rift flank segmentation, basin initiation and propagation: a neotectonic example from Lake Baikal","docAbstract":"

New surficial data (field, Landsat TM and topography) define morpho-tectonic domains and rift flank segmentation in the Ol'khon region of the Central Baikal rift. Deformation, drainage and depositional patterns indicate a change in the locus of active extension that may relate to a recent (<l Ma) change in the kinematics of the Siberian plate boundary. The westwards migration of the border fault location has broadened the rift with concomitant shifts in depocentres. Within the hanging wall of the new western border fault, distinct segments control the location of drainage paths and syn-rift deposits. Morphology, sediment thicknesses and fault scarp amplitude indicate that a segmented rift flank graben has propagated southwards along the rift flank and is still actively fragmenting. These surficial data are used to constrain a model for the time-dependent topographic variations during progressive subsidence along a rift flank, involving the transfer of footwall units to hanging-wall domains. Rapid changes in border fault footwall relief in this model are associated with change in the active border fault location with widespread mass-wasting. The model shows that time-dependent histories need to be integrated with flexural uplift models for active normal faults. The active, syn-rift depositional systems of the Ol'khon region provide a valuable analogue for the early evolution of continental margins and the structural controls on syn-rift hydrocarbon sources and reservoirs.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/gsjgs.152.5.0849","usgsCitation":"Agar, S.M., and Klitgord, K.D., 1995, Rift flank segmentation, basin initiation and propagation: a neotectonic example from Lake Baikal: Journal of the Geological Society, p. 849-860, https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.152.5.0849.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"849","endPage":"860","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296312,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia","state":"Siberia","otherGeospatial":"Lake Baikal","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5475a83de4b08250614204f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Agar, Susan M.","contributorId":13255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Agar","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":25254,"text":"Northwestern University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klitgord, Kim D.","contributorId":82307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klitgord","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70187052,"text":"70187052 - 1995 - Mapping tide-water glacier dynamics in east Greenland using landsat data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-20T11:21:52","indexId":"70187052","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2328,"text":"Journal of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping tide-water glacier dynamics in east Greenland using landsat data","docAbstract":"

Landsat multispectral scanner and thematic mapper images were co-registered For the Kangerdlugssuaq Fjord region in East Greenland and were used to map glacier drainage-basin areas, changes in the positions of tide-water glacier termini and to estimate surface velocities of the larger tide-water glaciers. Statistics were compiled to document distance and area changes to glacier termini. The methodologies developed in this study are broadly applicable to the investigation of tide-water glaciers in other areas. The number of images available for consecutive years and the accuracy with which images are co-registered are key factors that influence the degree to which regional glacier dynamics can be characterized using remotely sensed data.

Three domains of glacier state were interpreted: net increase in terminus area in the southern part of the study area, net loss of terminus area for glaciers in upper Kangerdlugssuaq Fjord and a slight loss of glacier terminus area northward from Ryberg Fjord. Local increases in the concentrations of drifting icebergs in the fjords coincide with the observed extension of glacier termini positions Ice-surface velocity estimates were derived for several glaciers using automated image cross-correlation techniques The velocity determined for Kangerdlugssuaq Gletscher is approximately 5.0 km a−1 and that for Kong Christian IV Gletscher is 0.9 km a−1. The continuous presence of icebergs and brash ice in front of these glaciers indicates sustained rates of ice-front calving.

","language":"English","publisher":"International Glaciological Society","doi":"10.1017/S0022143000034900","usgsCitation":"Dwyer, J.L., 1995, Mapping tide-water glacier dynamics in east Greenland using landsat data: Journal of Glaciology, v. 41, no. 139, p. 584-595, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022143000034900.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"584","endPage":"595","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000034900","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340032,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Greenland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -34.16748046875,\n 67.34832460428412\n ],\n [\n -29.300537109374996,\n 67.34832460428412\n ],\n [\n -29.300537109374996,\n 68.83576865659356\n ],\n [\n -34.16748046875,\n 68.83576865659356\n ],\n [\n -34.16748046875,\n 67.34832460428412\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"139","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f9c8d7e4b0b7ea54524109","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dwyer, John L. 0000-0002-8281-0896 dwyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-0896","contributorId":3481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"John","email":"dwyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20600,"text":"ofr94388 - 1994 - Global energy and water cycle experiment (GEWEX) continental-scale international project (GCIP); reference data sets CD-ROM","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-06-04T13:51:46.053777","indexId":"ofr94388","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-388","title":"Global energy and water cycle experiment (GEWEX) continental-scale international project (GCIP); reference data sets CD-ROM","docAbstract":"The data sets on this compact disc are a compilation of several geographic reference data sets of interest to the global-change research community. The data sets were chosen with input from the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-Scale International Project (GCIP) Data Committee and the GCIP Hydrometeorology and Atmospheric Subpanels. The data sets include: locations and periods of record for stream gages, reservoir gages, and meteorological stations; a 500-meter-resolution digital elevation model; grid-node locations for the Eta numerical weather-prediction model; and digital map data sets of geology, land use, streams, large reservoirs, average annual runoff, average annual precipitation, average annual temperature, average annual heating and cooling degree days, hydrologic units, and state and county boundaries. Also included are digital index maps for LANDSAT scenes, and for the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000, 1:100,000, and 1:24,000-scale map series. Most of the data sets cover the conterminous United States; the digital elevation model also includes part of southern Canada. The stream and reservoir gage and meteorological station files cover all states having area within the Mississippi River Basin plus that part of the Mississippi River Basin lying within Canada. Several data-base retrievals were processed by state, therefore many sites outside the Mississippi River Basin are included.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94388","usgsCitation":"Rea, A., and Cederstrand, J.R., 1994, Global energy and water cycle experiment (GEWEX) continental-scale international project (GCIP); reference data sets CD-ROM: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-388, 1 computer laser optical disc ;4 3/4 in. +1 booklet ([4] p. ; 12 cm.), both in plastic box (13 x 15 x 1 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94388.","productDescription":"1 CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153261,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":504991,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0388/ofr94388.zip","text":"CD-ROM","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abee4b07f02db674ae9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rea, Alan","contributorId":41018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rea","given":"Alan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cederstrand, Joel R.","contributorId":15223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cederstrand","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":19974,"text":"ofr94627 - 1994 - Development of a digital land cover data base for the Selawik National Wildlife Refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-28T13:09:56","indexId":"ofr94627","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-627","title":"Development of a digital land cover data base for the Selawik National Wildlife Refuge","docAbstract":"

Digital land cover and terrain data of the Selawik National Wildlife Refuge were produced by the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Earth Resources Observation Systems Alaska Field Office for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. These and other environmental data were incorporated into a Fish and Wildlife Service geographic information system to prepare a comprehensive conservation plan and an environmental impact statement for the refuge and to assist in research and management of the refuge.

\n

The digital data base, stored on tapes, includes land cover classifications from Landsat multispectral scanner data, elevation, slope, and aspect data for the area covered by the USGS Selawik and Shungnak l:250,000-scale topographic maps. The maps incorporate more than 90 percent of the refuge. Additional digital data in the data base include (a) land cover of the entire refuge at 50-, 200-, and 400-m pixel sizes derived from Landsat multispectral scanner data; (b) Landsat multispectral scanner data registered to a 50-m Universal Transverse Mercator grid; (c) elevation, slope, aspect, and solar illumination data registered to each Landsat scene; (d) stream hydrography and surficial geology digitized from USGS l:250,000-scale quadrangle maps; and (e) Refuge and wilderness boundaries.

\n

In addition to the digital products, color hard copy maps were produced from the l:250,000-scale quadrangle base land cover, elevation, slope, and aspect digital data.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr94627","usgsCitation":"Markon, C., and Kirk, W., 1994, Development of a digital land cover data base for the Selawik National Wildlife Refuge: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-627, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94627.","productDescription":"23 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":49499,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0627/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152724,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0627/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Selawik National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162,\n 66\n ],\n [\n -162,\n 67\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 67\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 66\n ],\n [\n -162,\n 66\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db667089","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markon, Carl J.","contributorId":80305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markon","given":"Carl J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirk, William","contributorId":98756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29284,"text":"wri934233 - 1994 - Use of landsat thematic mapper data to identify crop types and estimate irrigated acreage, Uvalde and Medina counties, Texas, 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-16T13:58:33","indexId":"wri934233","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4233","title":"Use of landsat thematic mapper data to identify crop types and estimate irrigated acreage, Uvalde and Medina counties, Texas, 1991","docAbstract":"

Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data were used to estimate that about 51,000 acres of crops were irrigated with water pumped from the Edwards aquifer in Uvalde and Medina Counties, Texas in 1991. Bands 2, 3,4, and 5 from a TM image for August 10,1991, were classified using the maximum-likelihood, unsupervised-classification procedure to identify the areas of crops irrigated in the two counties. Detailed vegetation distribution maps of two calibration sites in the study area, and boundaries of the areas probably irrigated in 1991, were used to interpret the results and to separate probable irrigated areas by county from the rest of the image.

\n

Areas calculated for irrigated crops were 31,000 acres for Uvalde County, about 35 percent less than the area calculated using Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) data in 1989, and 20,000 acres for Medina County, about 13 percent less than in 1989, a total decrease of about 28 percent for the two counties. Quantities of water pumped from the Edwards aquifer to irrigate crops in 1991 were estimated as 65,000 acre-feet for Uvalde County and 18,000 acre-feet for Medina County, a total decrease of about 56 percent from the value calculated using crop acreages from MSS data for 1989. Differences were attributed primarily to greater precipitation in 1991 than in 1989, resulting in smaller irrigation water requirements and less supplemental irrigation in 1991. Differences between results from 1989 and 1991, and between results from Uvalde and Medina Counties in 1991, were attributed primarily to greater precipitation in 1991, particularly in Medina County.

\n

The total number of acres of irrigated crops estimated using Landsat TM data was about 9 percent lower in Uvalde County and about 13 percent lower in Medina County than the number of acres calculated from data reported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service (ASCS). The total quantity of water pumped from the Edwards aquifer for irrigation in the two counties in 1991, about 83,000 acre-feet, was about 5 percent greater than the quantity calculated from data reported by the ASCS.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri934233","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Edwards Underground Water District","usgsCitation":"Raymond, L., and McFarlane, S., 1994, Use of landsat thematic mapper data to identify crop types and estimate irrigated acreage, Uvalde and Medina counties, Texas, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4233, iii, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934233.","productDescription":"iii, 19 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58129,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4233/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4233/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Medina County, Uvalde County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-98.8056,29.6968],[-98.8042,29.2513],[-98.8039,29.0884],[-99.4107,29.087],[-99.6813,29.0872],[-100.1119,29.0844],[-100.1112,29.3486],[-100.111,29.6236],[-100.0145,29.6237],[-99.6173,29.6257],[-99.6033,29.6257],[-99.4132,29.6253],[-99.0103,29.6187],[-98.9909,29.6185],[-98.982,29.6148],[-98.9794,29.6129],[-98.9789,29.6102],[-98.9779,29.606],[-98.9801,29.5983],[-98.9818,29.5909],[-98.9819,29.5804],[-98.9836,29.5717],[-98.9837,29.5671],[-98.9832,29.5625],[-98.9811,29.5589],[-98.978,29.5556],[-98.9765,29.5547],[-98.9712,29.5533],[-98.9676,29.5546],[-98.9633,29.5578],[-98.9607,29.5578],[-98.9513,29.5581],[-98.9429,29.5585],[-98.9318,29.5588],[-98.9282,29.5593],[-98.9245,29.562],[-98.9213,29.5665],[-98.8056,29.6968]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Medina\",\"state\":\"TX\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6858c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raymond, L.H.","contributorId":23151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raymond","given":"L.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McFarlane, S.I.","contributorId":57504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFarlane","given":"S.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70195809,"text":"70195809 - 1994 - Landsat TM image maps of the Shirase and Siple Coast ice streams, West Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-02T13:57:09","indexId":"70195809","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":794,"text":"Annals of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landsat TM image maps of the Shirase and Siple Coast ice streams, West Antarctica","docAbstract":"

Fifteen 1: 250000 and one 1: 1000 000 scale Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) image mosaic maps are currently being produced of the West Antarctic ice streams on the Shirase and Siple Coasts. Landsat TM images were acquired between 1984 and 1990 in an area bounded approximately by 78°-82.5°S and 120°- 160° W. Landsat TM bands 2, 3 and 4 were combined to produce a single band, thereby maximizing data content and improving the signal-to-noise ratio. The summed single band was processed with a combination of high- and low-pass filters to remove longitudinal striping and normalize solar elevation-angle effects. The images were mosaicked and transformed to a Lambert conformal conic projection using a cubic-convolution algorithm. The projection transformation was controled with ten weighted geodetic ground-control points and internal image-to-image pass points with annotation of major glaciological features. The image maps are being published in two formats: conventional printed map sheets and on a CD-ROM.

","language":"English","publisher":"International Glaciological Society","doi":"10.3189/172756494794587087","usgsCitation":"Ferrigno, J.G., Mullins, J.L., Stapleton, J.A., Bindschadler, R., Scambos, T.A., Bellisime, L.B., Bowell, J., and Acosta, A., 1994, Landsat TM image maps of the Shirase and Siple Coast ice streams, West Antarctica: Annals of Glaciology, v. 20, p. 407-412, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756494794587087.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"407","endPage":"412","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/172756494794587087","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":352185,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Ross Sea","volume":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff22fee4b0da30c1bfd62d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferrigno, Jane G. jferrign@usgs.gov","contributorId":39825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrigno","given":"Jane","email":"jferrign@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":730000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mullins, Jerry L.","contributorId":24439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullins","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stapleton, Jo Anne","contributorId":34908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stapleton","given":"Jo","email":"","middleInitial":"Anne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bindschadler, Robert","contributorId":11112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bindschadler","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scambos, Ted A.","contributorId":57367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scambos","given":"Ted","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bellisime, Lynda B.","contributorId":202888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bellisime","given":"Lynda","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bowell, Jo-Ann","contributorId":103722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowell","given":"Jo-Ann","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Acosta, Alex V. aacosta@usgs.gov","contributorId":3899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Acosta","given":"Alex V.","email":"aacosta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":412,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":730007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":34419,"text":"b2000CD - 1994 - Tectonic trends of the northern part of the Paradox Basin, southeastern Utah and southwestern Colorado, as derived from Landsat multispectral scanner imaging and geophysical and geologic mapping: Uncontrolled X-band radar mosaic of the western part of the Moab 1° x 2° quadrangle, southeastern Utah and southwestern Colorado","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":34419,"text":"b2000CD - 1994 - Tectonic trends of the northern part of the Paradox Basin, southeastern Utah and southwestern Colorado, as derived from Landsat multispectral scanner imaging and geophysical and geologic mapping: Uncontrolled X-band radar mosaic of the western part of the Moab 1° x 2° quadrangle, southeastern Utah and southwestern Colorado","indexId":"b2000CD","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"chapter":"C,D","title":"Tectonic trends of the northern part of the Paradox Basin, southeastern Utah and southwestern Colorado, as derived from Landsat multispectral scanner imaging and geophysical and geologic mapping: Uncontrolled X-band radar mosaic of the western part of the Moab 1° x 2° quadrangle, southeastern Utah and southwestern Colorado"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33201,"text":"b2000 - 1993 - Evolution of sedimentary basins: Paradox Basin","indexId":"b2000","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins: Paradox Basin"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":33201,"text":"b2000 - 1993 - Evolution of sedimentary basins: Paradox Basin","indexId":"b2000","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins: Paradox Basin"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-03T21:31:18.785755","indexId":"b2000CD","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000","chapter":"C,D","title":"Tectonic trends of the northern part of the Paradox Basin, southeastern Utah and southwestern Colorado, as derived from Landsat multispectral scanner imaging and geophysical and geologic mapping: Uncontrolled X-band radar mosaic of the western part of the Moab 1° x 2° quadrangle, southeastern Utah and southwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b2000CD","usgsCitation":"Friedman, J.D., Case, J.E., Simpson, S.L., and Heller, J.S., 1994, Tectonic trends of the northern part of the Paradox Basin, southeastern Utah and southwestern Colorado, as derived from Landsat multispectral scanner imaging and geophysical and geologic mapping: Uncontrolled X-band radar mosaic of the western part of the Moab 1° x 2° quadrangle, southeastern Utah and southwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2000, Report: 54 p.; 1 Plate: 23.00 × 24.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/b2000CD.","productDescription":"Report: 54 p.; 1 Plate: 23.00 × 24.50 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":62357,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2000c-d/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401727,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22251.htm"},{"id":163054,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2000c-d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":62358,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2000c-d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Paradox Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.082763671875,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -107.501220703125,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -107.501220703125,\n 39.80853604144591\n ],\n [\n -111.082763671875,\n 39.80853604144591\n ],\n [\n -111.082763671875,\n 37\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684d48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, Jules D.","contributorId":79464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jules","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":212942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Case, James E.","contributorId":68702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Case","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":212941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simpson, Shirley L.","contributorId":88353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"Shirley","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":212943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heller, Joan S.","contributorId":103335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heller","given":"Joan","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":212944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":33121,"text":"b1926 - 1994 - Airborne remote sensing for geology and the environment; present and future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-07T10:48:41","indexId":"b1926","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1926","title":"Airborne remote sensing for geology and the environment; present and future","docAbstract":"

In 1988, a group of leading experts from government, academia, and industry attended a workshop on airborne remote sensing sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and hosted by the Branch of Geophysics. The purpose of the workshop was to examine the scientific rationale for airborne remote sensing in support of government earth science in the next decade. This report has arranged the six resulting working-group reports under two main headings: (1) Geologic Remote Sensing, for the reports on geologic mapping, mineral resources, and fossil fuels and geothermal resources; and (2) Environmental Remote Sensing, for the reports on environmental geology, geologic hazards, and water resources. The intent of the workshop was to provide an evaluation of demonstrated capabilities, their direct extensions, and possible future applications, and this was the organizational format used for the geologic remote sensing reports. The working groups in environmental remote sensing chose to present their reports in a somewhat modified version of this format. A final section examines future advances and limitations in the field.

There is a large, complex, and often bewildering array of remote sensing data available. Early remote sensing studies were based on data collected from airborne platforms. Much of that technology was later extended to satellites. The original 80-m-resolution Landsat Multispectral Scanner System (MSS) has now been largely superseded by the 30-m-resolution Thematic Mapper (TM) system that has additional spectral channels. The French satellite SPOT provides higher spatial resolution for channels equivalent to MSS. Low-resolution (1 km) data are available from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's AVHRR system, which acquires reflectance and day and night thermal data daily. Several experimental satellites have acquired limited data, and there are extensive plans for future satellites including those of Japan (JERS), Europe (ESA), Canada (Radarsat), and the United States (EOS).

There are currently two national airborne remote sensing programs (photography, radar) with data archived at the USGS' EROS Data Center. Airborne broadband multispectral data (comparable to Landsat MSS and TM but involving several more channels) for limited geographic areas also are available for digital processing and analysis. Narrow-band imaging spectrometer data are available for some NASA experiment sites and can be acquired for other locations commercially.

Remote sensing data and derivative images, because of the uniform spatial coverage, availability at different resolutions, and digital format, are becoming important data sets for geographic information system (GIS) analyses. Examples range from overlaying digitized geologic maps on remote sensing images and draping these over topography, to maps of mineral distribution and inferred abundance.

A large variety of remote sensing data sets are available, with costs ranging from a few dollars per square mile for satellite digital data to a few hundred dollars per square mile for airborne imaging spectrometry. Computer processing and analysis costs routinely surpass these expenses because of the equipment and expertise necessary for information extraction and interpretation. Effective use requires both an understanding of the current methodology and an appreciation of the most cost-effective solution.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/b1926","usgsCitation":"1994, Airborne remote sensing for geology and the environment; present and future: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1926, xiii, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1926.","productDescription":"xiii, 43 p.","numberOfPages":"60","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":330815,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1926/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db688f78","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Watson, Ken","contributorId":90317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652814,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knepper, Daniel H. dknepper@usgs.gov","contributorId":1242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knepper","given":"Daniel","email":"dknepper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":652815,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5210512,"text":"5210512 - 1993 - Forest to agriculture conversion in southern Belize: Implications for migrant land birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:16","indexId":"5210512","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Forest to agriculture conversion in southern Belize: Implications for migrant land birds","docAbstract":"Central America offers a suite of neotropical habitats vital to overwintering migrant land birds. The recent decline of many forest dwelling avian migrants is believed to be related in part to neotropical deforestation and land use change. However, spatio-temporal trends in neotropical habitat availability and avian migrant habitat use are largely unknown. Such information is needed to assess the impact of agriculture conversion on migrant land birds. In response, the USDI Fish and Wildlife Service and the University of Maine began a cooperative study in 1988 which applies remote sensing and field surveys to determine current habitat availability and avian migrant habitat use. Study sites include areas in Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala and southern Mexico. Visual assessment of Landsat TM imagery indicates southern Belize forests are fragmented by various agricultural systems. Shifting agriculture is predominant in some areas, while permanent agriculture (citrus and mixed animal crops) is the primary system in others. This poster focuses on efforts to monitor forest to agriculture conversion in southern Belize using remote sensing, field surveys and GIS techniques. Procedures and avian migrant use of habitat are summarized.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Remnants in the Tropical Landscape: Benefits and Policy Implications. ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian Institution","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","collaboration":"OCLC 29933040","usgsCitation":"Spruce, J., Dowell, B., Robbins, C., and Sader, S., 1993, Forest to agriculture conversion in southern Belize: Implications for migrant land birds, chap. of Forest Remnants in the Tropical Landscape: Benefits and Policy Implications. .","productDescription":"vi, 103","startPage":"101 (poste","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de459","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Doyle, Jamie K.","contributorId":112662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"Jamie","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506598,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schelhas, John","contributorId":112559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schelhas","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506597,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Spruce, J.P.","contributorId":34232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spruce","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dowell, B.A.","contributorId":35842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowell","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sader, S.A.","contributorId":43889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sader","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70017507,"text":"70017507 - 1993 - Surficial geology of the Safsaf region, south-central Egypt, derived from remote-sensing and field data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-17T15:00:21.782519","indexId":"70017507","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surficial geology of the Safsaf region, south-central Egypt, derived from remote-sensing and field data","docAbstract":"

We used a decorrelation-stretched image of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) Bands 1, 4, and 7 and field data to map and describe the main surficial units in the hyperarid Safsaf region in south-central Egypt. We show that the near-infrared bands on Landsat TM, which are sensitive to very subtle changes in mineralogy common to arid regions, significantly improve the geologist's capability to discriminate geologic units in desert regions. These data also provide the spatial and spectral information necessary to determine the migration patterns and provenance of eolian materials. The Safsaf area was the focus of our post flight field studies using Shuttle Imaging Radar (SIR) data following the discovery of buried paleochannels in North Africa. Most of the channels discernible on SIR images are not expressed in TM data, but traces of a few channels are present in both the SIR and the TM data within the Wadi Safsaf area. Here we present a detailed digital examination of the SIR and the TM-band reflectance and reflectance-ratio data at three locations of the more obvious surface expressions of the buried channels. Our results indicate that the TM expressions of the channels are not purely topographic but are more compositional in nature. Two possibilities may account for the TM expressions of the buried channels: 1) concentrations of windblown, iron-rich materials that accumulated along subtle curvilinear topograpohic traps, or 2) curvilinear exposures of an iron-rich underlying unit of the flat sand sheet. 

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This chapter, consisting of six independently authored subchapters, including one subchapter, Glaciers of the Alps, that has four independently authored sections, is the fourth to be released in U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1386, Satellite Image Atlas of Glaciers of the World, a series of 11 chapters. In each chapter, remotely sensed images, primarily from the Landsat 1, 2, and 3 series of spacecraft, are used to study the glacierized regions of our planet and monitor glacier changes. Landsat images, acquired primarily during the middle to late 1970’s, were used by an international team of glaciologists and other scientists to study various geographic areas or discuss glaciological topics. In each geographic area the present areal distribution of glaciers was compared, where possible, with historical information about their past extent. The atlas provides an accurate regional inventory of the areal extent of glacier ice on our planet during the 1970’s as part of a growing international scientific effort to measure global environmental change on the Earth’s surface.

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Jr.","contributorId":83859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard S.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":914648,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferrigno, Jane G. jferrign@usgs.gov","contributorId":39825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrigno","given":"Jane","email":"jferrign@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":914649,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Rott, Helmut","contributorId":344746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rott","given":"Helmut","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scherler, Karl E.","contributorId":344747,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scherler","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reynaud, Louis","contributorId":344749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reynaud","given":"Louis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Serandrei Barbero, Rossana","contributorId":344750,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Serandrei Barbero","given":"Rossana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zanon, Giorgio","contributorId":344751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zanon","given":"Giorgio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Serrat, David","contributorId":344752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Serrat","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ventura, Josep","contributorId":344753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ventura","given":"Josep","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ostram, Gunnar","contributorId":344754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ostram","given":"Gunnar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Haakensen, Nils","contributorId":344755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haakensen","given":"Nils","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Schytt, Valter","contributorId":344756,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schytt","given":"Valter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Liestol, Olav","contributorId":344757,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liestol","given":"Olav","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Orheim, Olav","contributorId":210340,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Orheim","given":"Olav","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70113764,"text":"70113764 - 1993 - Status of the Landsat thematic mapper and multispectral scanner archive conversion system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T14:02:18","indexId":"70113764","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-24T13:56:04","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3018,"text":"Pecora 12 Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status of the Landsat thematic mapper and multispectral scanner archive conversion system","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey's EROS Data Center (EDC) manages the National Satellite Land Remote Sensing Data Archive. This archive includes Landsat thematic mapper (TM) multispectral scanner (MSS) data acquired since 1972. The Landsat archive is an important resource to global change research.

\n
\n

To ensure long-term availability of Landsat data from the archive, the EDC specified requirements for a Thematic Mapper and Multispectral Scanner Archive Conversion System (TMACS) that would preserve the data by transcribing it to a more durable medium. In addition to media conversion, hardware and software was installed at EDC in July 1992. In December 1992, the EDC began converting Landsat MSS data from high-density, open reel instrumentation tapes to digital cassette tapes. Almost 320,000 MSS images acquired since 1979 and more than 200,000 TM images acquired since 1982 will be converted to the new medium during the next 3 years.

\n
\n

During the media conversion process, several high-density tapes have exhibited severe binder degradation. Even though these tapes have been stored in environmentally controlled conditions, hydrolysis has occurred, resulting in \"sticky oxide shed\". Using a thermostatically controlled oven built at EDC, tape \"baking\" has been 100 percent successful and actually improves the quality of some images.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 12 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Werner, D.J., 1993, Status of the Landsat thematic mapper and multispectral scanner archive conversion system: Pecora 12 Symposium, p. 560-562.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"560","endPage":"562","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288988,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7837e4b0abf75cf2ce3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Werner, Darla J.","contributorId":77849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"Darla","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70113736,"text":"70113736 - 1993 - Global land information system (GLIS) access to worldwide Landsat data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T13:06:00","indexId":"70113736","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-24T13:01:09","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3018,"text":"Pecora 12 Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global land information system (GLIS) access to worldwide Landsat data","docAbstract":"

The Landsat Technical Working Group (LTWG) and the Landsat Ground Station Operations Working Group (LGSOWG) have encouraged Landsat receiving stations around the world to share information about their data holdings through the exchange of metadata records. Receiving stations forward their metadata records to the U.S. Geological Survey's EROS Data Center (EDC) on a quarterly basis. The EDC maintains the records for each station, coordinates changes to the database, and provides metadata to the stations as requested. The result is a comprehensive international database listing most of the world's Landsat data acquisitions

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\n

This exchange of information began in the early 1980's with the inclusion in the EDC database os scenes acquired by a receiving station in Italy. Through the years other stations have agreed to participate; currently ten of the seventeen stations actively share their metadata records. Coverage maps have been generated to depict the status of the database. The Worldwide Landsat database is also available though the Global Land Information System (GLIS).

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 12 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Smith, T., and Goodale, K.L., 1993, Global land information system (GLIS) access to worldwide Landsat data: Pecora 12 Symposium, p. 553-553.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"553","endPage":"553","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288984,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae76e9e4b0abf75cf2c080","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Timothy B.","contributorId":90644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Timothy B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goodale, Katherine L.","contributorId":61346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodale","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70113724,"text":"70113724 - 1993 - CD-ROM technology at the EROS data center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T12:33:54","indexId":"70113724","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-24T12:27:12","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3018,"text":"Pecora 12 Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"CD-ROM technology at the EROS data center","docAbstract":"

The vast amount of digital spatial data often required by a single user has created a demand for media alternatives to 1/2\" magnetic tape. One such medium that has been recently adopted at the U.S. Geological Survey's EROS Data Center is the compact disc (CD). CD's are a versatile, dynamic, and low-cost method for providing a variety of data on a single media device and are compatible with various computer platforms. CD drives are available for personal computers, UNIX workstations, and mainframe systems, either directly connected, or through a network. This medium furnishes a quick method of reproducing and distributing large amounts of data on a single CD.

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\n

Several data sets are already available on CD's, including collections of historical Landsat multispectral scanner data and biweekly composites of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer data for the conterminous United States. The EROS Data Center intends to provide even more data sets on CD's. Plans include specific data sets on a customized disc to fulfill individual requests, and mass production of unique data sets for large-scale distribution. Requests for a single compact disc-read only memory (CD-ROM) containing a large volume of data either for archiving or for one-time distribution can be addressed with a CD-write once (CD-WO) unit. Mass production and large-scale distribution will require CD-ROM replication and mastering.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 12 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Madigan, M.E., and Weinheimer, M.C., 1993, CD-ROM technology at the EROS data center: Pecora 12 Symposium, p. 526-526.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"526","endPage":"526","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288981,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae764de4b0abf75cf2bf11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madigan, Michael E.","contributorId":71887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madigan","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weinheimer, Mary C.","contributorId":37653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weinheimer","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70113717,"text":"70113717 - 1993 - Twenty years of Landsat data accessible through the national satellite land remote sensing data archive","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T12:18:55","indexId":"70113717","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-24T12:12:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3018,"text":"Pecora 12 Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Twenty years of Landsat data accessible through the national satellite land remote sensing data archive","docAbstract":"

The EROS Data Center has managed to National Satellite Land Remote Sensing Data Archive's (NSLRSDA) Landsat data since 1972. The NSLRSDA includes Landsat MSS data from 1972 through 1991 and T M data from 1982 through 1993. In response to many requests from multi-disciplined users for an enhanced insight into the availability and volume of Landsat data over specific worldwide land areas, numerous world plots and corresponding statical overviews have been prepared. These presentations include information related to image quality, cloud cover, various types of data overage (i.e. regions, countries, path, rows), acquisition station coverage areas, various archive media formats (i.e. wide band video tapes, computer compatible tapes, high density tapes, etc.) and acquisition time periods (i.e. years, seasons). Plans are to publish this information in a paper sample booklet at the Pecora 12 Symposium, in a USGS circular and on a Landsat CD-ROM; the data will be also be incorporated into GLIS.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 12 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Larsen, D.M., 1993, Twenty years of Landsat data accessible through the national satellite land remote sensing data archive: Pecora 12 Symposium, p. 525-525.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"525","endPage":"525","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288980,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae787ee4b0abf75cf2d733","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, Dana M.","contributorId":98633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70113708,"text":"70113708 - 1993 - An innovative partnership for national environmental assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T11:27:44","indexId":"70113708","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-24T11:22:02","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3018,"text":"Pecora 12 Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An innovative partnership for national environmental assessment","docAbstract":"

Four federal environmental programs: EMAP (USEPA), GAP (USFWS), C-CAP (NOAA), NAWQA (USGS) have formed a partnership with EROS Data Center (USGS) to facilitate the development of baseline land characteristics information for the conterminous U.S. Each of the respective programs brings to the group unique experience and expertise. Despite emphasis on different environmental issues, together we have identified common requirements for source satellite data, preprocessing, spectral clustering, ancillary data, data management and distribution. We are also developing a research agenda to support this initiative and future efforts of this partnership. The short-term goal of out effort is the joint acquisition and preprocessing of recent Landsat TM images for the conterminous U.S. To date, images have been identified for acquisition, and preliminary plans have been made for preprocessing. The long-term goal for this group is collaborative research and development of a flexible and functional land characteristics database for use by our programs and others. This partnership demonstrates that national environmental programs within multiple government agencies can work effectively together to achieve common goals and reduce overall cost.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 12 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Shaw, D., Field, D., Holm, T.M., Jennings, M., Sturdevant, J.A., Thelin, G., and Worthy, L., 1993, An innovative partnership for national environmental assessment: Pecora 12 Symposium, p. 339-339.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"339","endPage":"339","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288967,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7627e4b0abf75cf2beac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaw, D.M.","contributorId":46716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Field, D.W.","contributorId":106019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holm, T. M.","contributorId":66436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jennings, M.D.","contributorId":53976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sturdevant, J. A.","contributorId":88350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sturdevant","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thelin, G.P.","contributorId":84421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thelin","given":"G.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Worthy, L.D.","contributorId":89064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worthy","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70113707,"text":"70113707 - 1993 - A temporal comparison of forest cover using digital earth science data and visualization techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T11:20:05","indexId":"70113707","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-24T11:14:34","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3018,"text":"Pecora 12 Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A temporal comparison of forest cover using digital earth science data and visualization techniques","docAbstract":"

Increased demands on forest resources and the recognition of old-growth forests as critical habitats and purifiers of the atmosphere have stimulated attention to forest harvest practices in the United States and worldwide. Visualization technology provides a means by which a history of forestry activities may be documented and presented to the public and decisionmakers. In this project, landsat multispectral scanner and thematic mapper images, acquired July 7, 1981, and July 8, 1991, respectively, were georeferenced, resampled, enhanced, and draped over U.S. Geological Survey 30-meter digital elevation models. These data then were used to create perspective views of portions of Mt. Hood Forest, Oregon. The \"fly-by\" animation (produced by rapidly displaying a sequence of these perspective views) conveys the forest cover change resulting from forest harvest activities over the 10-year period. This project shows the value of combining satellite data with base cartographic data and earth science information for use in public education and decision-making processes.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 12 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Jones, J., 1993, A temporal comparison of forest cover using digital earth science data and visualization techniques: Pecora 12 Symposium, p. 301-309.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"301","endPage":"309","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288966,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae761de4b0abf75cf2be90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, John W. 0000-0001-6117-3691 jwjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-3691","contributorId":2220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"John","email":"jwjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70113705,"text":"70113705 - 1993 - Raster profile development for the spatial data transfer standard","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T11:06:50","indexId":"70113705","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-24T11:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3018,"text":"Pecora 12 Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Raster profile development for the spatial data transfer standard","docAbstract":"

The Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS), recently approved as Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) Publication 173, is designed to transfer various types of spatial data. Implementing all of the standard's options at one time is impractical. Profiles, or limited subsets of the SDTS, are the mechanisms by which the standards will be implemented. The development of a raster profile is being coordinated by the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) SDTS Task Force. This raster profile is intended to accommodate digital georeferenced image data and regularly spaces, georeferenced gridded data. The USGS's digital elevation models (DEMs) and digital orthophoto quadrangles (DOQs), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) advanced very huh resolution radiometer (AVHRR) and Landsat data, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Earth observing system (EOS) data are among the candidate data sets for this profile. Other raster profiles, designed to support nongeoreferenced and other types of \"raw\" sensor data will be consider in the future. As with the Topological Vector Profile (TVP) for the SDTS, development of the raster profile includes designing a prototype profile, testing the prototype profile using sample data sets, and finally, requesting and receiving FIPS approval.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 12 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Szemraj, J.A., 1993, Raster profile development for the spatial data transfer standard: Pecora 12 Symposium, p. 267-272.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"267","endPage":"272","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288964,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7800e4b0abf75cf2c71b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Szemraj, John A.","contributorId":42735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szemraj","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70187583,"text":"70187583 - 1993 - Evaluating landsat thematic mapper derived vegetation indices for estimating above-ground biomass on semiarid rangelands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T14:01:11","indexId":"70187583","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating landsat thematic mapper derived vegetation indices for estimating above-ground biomass on semiarid rangelands","docAbstract":"

Ground data from the Central Plains Experimental Range in northeast Colorado and Landsat satellite images of that area acquired in August 1989, June 1990, and September 1990 were used to evaluate the level of association that can be expected from a univariate model relating spectrally derived vegetation indices (difference, ratio, and normalized difference vegetation indices) and dried green vegetation biomass. The vegetation indices were related to the ground sample estimates using a sample point, spectral class, and greenness strata approach. No strong relationships were found between the vegetation indices and sample estimates of dried green biomass using the sample point approach. The spectral class approach produced significant results only for the June 1990 sample period (r=0.96). Significant relationships were found for the August 1989, June 1990, and September 1990 samples periods (r2=0.95, 0.71, and 0.95, respectively) when the data were aggregated by greenness strata. The high degree of association between green biomass and the NDVI, obtained when the data were combined into greenness strata, indicated that it is possible to predict green biomass levels on semiarid rangelands using univariate regression models.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0034-4257(93)90040-5","usgsCitation":"Anderson, G., Hanson, J.D., and Haas, R.H., 1993, Evaluating landsat thematic mapper derived vegetation indices for estimating above-ground biomass on semiarid rangelands: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 45, no. 2, p. 165-175, https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(93)90040-5.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"165","endPage":"175","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341013,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5912d53be4b0e541a03d4541","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, G.L.","contributorId":56430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanson, J. D.","contributorId":191004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haas, R. H.","contributorId":57456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70243584,"text":"70243584 - 1993 - Sediment export by ice rafting from a coastal Polynya, Arctic Alaska, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-12T16:42:49.176473","indexId":"70243584","displayToPublicDate":"1993-05-01T11:29:12","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":898,"text":"Arctic and Alpine Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment export by ice rafting from a coastal Polynya, Arctic Alaska, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"

Strong offshore winds in early 1989 produced a shore polynya that reached along the entire north coast of Alaska and eastward beyond the mouth of the Mackenzie River in Canada. From January through April, this open water periodically exposed the shelf to sediment entrainment by suspension freezing. This process requires turbulence and supercooled water, which results in the formation of frazil and anchor ice. The resulting granular, sediment-laden ice was observed to extend over 100 km seaward of the outer continental shelf after having been advected offshore. It was sampled to determine sediment type and to quantify the particle load. The particle size was mainly silt and clay, with local admixtures of as much as 27% sand and coarser clasts. Melted ice samples contained from 31 to nearly 600 mg L-1 of sediment. Combining these data with over 400 km of shipboard and aerial observations, photographs, and computer analysis of a summer Landsat image, we estimated the sediment load per unit area of sea ice. Seaward of the shelf, in regions of dense pack ice, a conservatively estimated sediment load was over 289 t km-2. Using a westward summer drift rate of 3 cm s-1, the sediment transport through a 1-km-long north-south segment is 67,418 t during 3 mo. In terms of regional sediment dynamics (littoral transport estimated at 10,000 t during the same period) and sediment budget (continental denudation estimated at 10 t km-2 during the same period), this number is very significant. Benthic microfossils indicate that bottom sediment incorporated in the ice came from water depths ranging from the inner neritic seaward to 50 m. The large load of shelf-derived sediment observed seaward of the continental shelf indicates that ice entrainment and transport cause shelf erosion. Nothing is known about sediment release over the Arctic Ocean Basin from these pulses of dirty ice that are periodically introduced into the Transpolar Drift.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.2307/1551544","usgsCitation":"Reimnitz, E., McCormick, M., McDougall-Reid, K., and Brouwers, E.M., 1993, Sediment export by ice rafting from a coastal Polynya, Arctic Alaska, U.S.A.: Arctic and Alpine Research, v. 25, no. 2, p. 83-98, https://doi.org/10.2307/1551544.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"98","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416994,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -166.1893628235785,\n 68.8510799545711\n ],\n [\n -165.7927784937305,\n 68.60302294479024\n ],\n [\n -163.59571757549665,\n 68.45306559682152\n ],\n [\n -162.10797619040798,\n 69.25615394607448\n ],\n [\n -157.08199600571925,\n 70.07554650332517\n ],\n [\n -151.61365855031693,\n 69.51002606358901\n ],\n [\n -148.49371558067688,\n 69.28203829095418\n ],\n [\n -146.08719200955667,\n 69.23274785479458\n ],\n [\n -142.86278578656948,\n 69.5068404646222\n ],\n [\n -140.99468181589384,\n 69.07584879432568\n ],\n [\n -141.0126515770738,\n 69.62138774277821\n ],\n [\n -140.17191729737542,\n 71.55828011520083\n ],\n [\n -142.89846249283258,\n 71.71808353148506\n ],\n [\n -158.7712581652307,\n 73.17888787382822\n ],\n [\n -166.19595621130796,\n 71.98411374590395\n ],\n [\n -168.2196648555574,\n 69.9431467369302\n ],\n [\n -166.1893628235785,\n 68.8510799545711\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reimnitz, Erk","contributorId":17963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimnitz","given":"Erk","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, Michael","contributorId":18791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDougall-Reid, Kristin 0000-0001-6026-0718 kris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6026-0718","contributorId":1942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDougall-Reid","given":"Kristin","email":"kris@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brouwers, Elisabeth M. brouwers@usgs.gov","contributorId":190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brouwers","given":"Elisabeth","email":"brouwers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70135865,"text":"70135865 - 1993 - Velocity measurements and changes in position of Thwaites Glacier/iceberg tongue from aerial photography, Landsat images and NOAA AVHRR data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T16:46:52","indexId":"70135865","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T09:15:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":794,"text":"Annals of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Velocity measurements and changes in position of Thwaites Glacier/iceberg tongue from aerial photography, Landsat images and NOAA AVHRR data","docAbstract":"

The Thwaites Glacier/iceberg tongue complex has been a significant feature of the Antarctic coastline for at least 50 years. In 1986, major changes began to occur in this area. Fast ice melted and several icebergs calved from the base of the iceberg tongue and the terminus of Thwaites Glacier. The iceberg tongue rotated to an east-west orientation and drifted westward. Between 1986 and 1992, a total of 140 km of drift has occurred. Remote digital velocity measurements were made on Thwaites Glacier using sequential Landsat images to try to determine if changes in velocity had occurred in conjunction with the changes in ice position. Examination of the morphology of the glacier/iceberg tongue showed no evidence of surge activity.

","language":"English","publisher":"International Glaciological Society","publisherLocation":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0260305500012908","usgsCitation":"Ferrigno, J.G., Lucchitta, B.K., Mullinsallison, A.L., Allen, R.J., and Gould, W.G., 1993, Velocity measurements and changes in position of Thwaites Glacier/iceberg tongue from aerial photography, Landsat images and NOAA AVHRR data: Annals of Glaciology, v. 17, p. 239-244, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260305500012908.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"239","endPage":"244","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479474,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500012908","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296779,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c84e4b08de9379b3853","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferrigno, Jane G. jferrign@usgs.gov","contributorId":39825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrigno","given":"Jane","email":"jferrign@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lucchitta, Baerbel K. blucchitta@usgs.gov","contributorId":3649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"Baerbel","email":"blucchitta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":536933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mullinsallison, A. L.","contributorId":131012,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mullinsallison","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":536934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, Robert J.","contributorId":15644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":536935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gould, W. G.","contributorId":131013,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gould","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":536936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}