{"pageNumber":"54","pageRowStart":"1325","pageSize":"25","recordCount":6233,"records":[{"id":70074261,"text":"sir20145018 - 2014 - Assessment of sediments in the riverine impoundments of national wildlife refuges in the Souris River Basin, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-17T13:19:28","indexId":"sir20145018","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-17T13:12:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5018","title":"Assessment of sediments in the riverine impoundments of national wildlife refuges in the Souris River Basin, North Dakota","docAbstract":"Accelerated sedimentation of reservoirs and riverine impoundments is a major concern throughout the United States. Sediments not only fill impoundments and reduce their effective life span, but they can reduce water quality by increasing turbidity and introducing harmful chemical constituents such as heavy metals, toxic elements, and nutrients. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service national wildlife refuges in the north-central part of the United States have documented high amounts of sediment accretion in some wetlands that could negatively affect important aquatic habitats for migratory birds and other wetland-dependent wildlife. Therefore, information pertaining to sediment accumulation in refuge impoundments potentially is important to guide conservation planning, including future management actions of individual impoundments. Lands comprising Des Lacs, Upper Souris, and J. Clark Salyer National Wildlife Refuges, collectively known as the Souris River Basin refuges, encompass reaches of the Des Lacs and Souris Rivers of northwestern North Dakota. The riverine impoundments of the Souris River Basin refuges are vulnerable to sedimentation because of the construction of in-stream dams that interrupt and slow river flows and because of post-European settlement land-use changes that have increased the potential for soil erosion and transport to rivers. Information regarding sediments does not exist for these refuges, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service personnel have expressed interest in assessing refuge impoundments to support refuge management decisions.\n\nSediment cores and surface sediment samples were collected from impoundments within Des Lacs, Upper Souris, and J. Clark Salyer National Wildlife Refuges during 2004–05. Cores were used to estimate sediment accretion rates using radioisotope (cesium-137 [<sup>137</sup>Cs], lead-210 [<sup>210</sup>Pb]) dating techniques. Sediment cores and surface samples were analyzed for a suite of elements and agrichemicals, respectively. Examination of core characteristics along the depth profile suggests that there has been regular sediment mixing and removal, as well as non-uniform sediment deposition with time. Estimated mean accretion rates based on the three methods of determination (two time markers for <sup>137</sup>Cs, <sup>210</sup>Pb) ranged from 0.22–0.35 centimeters per year, and approximately 70 percent of cores had less <sup>137</sup>Cs than expected. Concentrations of sediment-associated elements generally were within reported reference ranges, and all agrichemicals analyzed were below detection limits. Results suggest that there does not appear to be widespread sediment accumulation in impoundments of the Souris River Basin refuges. In addition, there were no identifiable patterns among sedimentation rates from the upstream (Des Lacs, Upper Souris) to the downstream (J. Clark Salyer) refuges. There were, however, apparent upstream to downstream patterns of increased concentrations of some elements (for example, aluminum, boron, and vanadium) that may warrant further exploration. Future related monitoring and research efforts should focus on areas with high potential for sediment accumulation, such as upstream areas adjacent to dams, to identify potential sediment problems before they become too severe. Further, assessments of suspended sediments transported in the Des Lacs and Souris Rivers would augment interpretation of sedimentation data by identifying potential sediment sources and areas with the greatest potential for accumulation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145018","issn":"2328-0328","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Tangen, B., Laubhan, M.K., and Gleason, R.A., 2014, Assessment of sediments in the riverine impoundments of national wildlife refuges in the Souris River Basin, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5018, Report: vi, 37 p.; Appendixes: 1-2, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145018.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 37 p.; Appendixes: 1-2","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-046370","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284075,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145018.jpg"},{"id":284071,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5018/"},{"id":284073,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5018/downloads/Appendix1_2JAN2014.xlsx"},{"id":284072,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5018/pdf/sir2014-5018.pdf"},{"id":284074,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5018/downloads/Appendix2_2JAN2014.xlsx"}],"scale":"5000000","country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Souris River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -102.25,48.0 ], [ -102.25,49.0 ], [ -100.5,49.0 ], [ -100.5,48.0 ], [ -102.25,48.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4e3de4b0b290850f1faf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tangen, Brian A.","contributorId":78419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tangen","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laubhan, Murray K.","contributorId":100324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laubhan","given":"Murray","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gleason, Robert A. 0000-0001-5308-8657 rgleason@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5308-8657","contributorId":2402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleason","given":"Robert","email":"rgleason@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70093931,"text":"ofr20141018 - 2014 - Sea-floor geology in northwestern Block Island Sound, Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T18:30:05","indexId":"ofr20141018","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-14T07:22:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1018","title":"Sea-floor geology in northwestern Block Island Sound, Rhode Island","docAbstract":"Multibeam-echosounder and sidescan-sonar data, collected by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in a 69-square-kilometer area of northwestern Block Island Sound, are used with sediment samples, and still and video photography of the sea floor, collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at 43 stations within this area, to interpret the sea-floor features and sedimentary environments. Features on the sea floor include boulders, sand waves, scour depressions, modern marine sediments, and trawl marks. Boulders, which are often several meters wide, are found in patches in the shallower depths and tend to be overgrown with sessile flora and fauna. They are lag deposits of winnowed glacial drift, and reflect high-energy environments characterized by processes associated with erosion and nondeposition. Sand waves and megaripples tend to have crests that either trend parallel to shore with 20- to 50-meter (m) wavelengths or trend perpendicular to shore with several-hundred-meter wavelengths. The sand waves reflect sediment transport directions perpendicular to shore by waves, and parallel to shore by tidal or wind-driven currents, respectively. Scour depressions, which are about 0.5 m lower than the surrounding sea floor, have floors of gravel and coarser sand than bounding modern marine sediments. These scour depressions, which are conspicuous in the sidescan-sonar data because of their more highly reflective coarser sediment floors, are likely formed by storm-generated, seaward-flowing currents and maintained by the turbulence in bottom currents caused by their coarse sediments. Areas of the sea floor with modern marine sediments tend to be relatively flat to current-rippled and sandy.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141018","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","usgsCitation":"McMullen, K.Y., Poppe, L., Ackerman, S.D., Blackwood, D.S., and Woods, D., 2014, Sea-floor geology in northwestern Block Island Sound, Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1018, HTML Index, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141018.","productDescription":"HTML Index","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049305","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283993,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141018.jpg"},{"id":283991,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1018/title_page.html"},{"id":283992,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1018/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Block Island Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.666667,41.333333 ], [ -71.666667,41.666667 ], [ -71.0,41.666667 ], [ -71.0,41.333333 ], [ -71.666667,41.333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd719ce4b0b29085107c85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMullen, Katherine Y. kmcmullen@usgs.gov","contributorId":24036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMullen","given":"Katherine","email":"kmcmullen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poppe, Lawrence J. lpoppe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"Lawrence J.","email":"lpoppe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ackerman, Seth D. 0000-0003-0945-2794 sackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0945-2794","contributorId":178676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Seth","email":"sackerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blackwood, Dann S. dblackwood@usgs.gov","contributorId":2457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwood","given":"Dann","email":"dblackwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Woods, D.A.","contributorId":11941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70057463,"text":"sir20135217 - 2014 - Water-quality trends for selected sampling sites in the upper Clark Fork Basin, Montana, water years 1996-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-11T10:37:01","indexId":"sir20135217","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-11T10:28:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5217","title":"Water-quality trends for selected sampling sites in the upper Clark Fork Basin, Montana, water years 1996-2010","docAbstract":"<p>A large-scale trend analysis was done on specific conductance, selected trace elements (arsenic, cadmium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, and zinc), and suspended-sediment data for 22 sites in the upper Clark Fork Basin for water years 1996–2010. Trend analysis was conducted by using two parametric methods: a time-series model (TSM) and multiple linear regression on time, streamflow, and season (MLR). Trend results for 1996–2010 indicate moderate to large decreases in flow-adjusted concentrations (FACs) and loads of copper (and other metallic elements) and suspended sediment in Silver Bow Creek upstream from Warm Springs. Deposition of metallic elements and suspended sediment within Warm Springs Ponds substantially reduces the downstream transport of those constituents. However, mobilization of copper and suspended sediment from floodplain tailings and stream banks in the Clark Fork reach from Galen to Deer Lodge is a large source of metallic elements and suspended sediment, which also affects downstream transport of those constituents. Copper and suspended-sediment loads mobilized from within this reach accounted for about 40 and 20 percent, respectively, of the loads for Clark Fork at Turah Bridge (site 20); whereas, streamflow contributed from within this reach only accounted for about 8 percent of the streamflow at Turah Bridge. Minor changes in FACs and loads of copper and suspended sediment are indicated for this reach during 1996–2010.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Clark Fork reaches downstream from Deer Lodge are relatively smaller sources of metallic elements than the reach from Galen to Deer Lodge. In general, small decreases in loads and FACs of copper and suspended sediment are indicated for Clark Fork sites downstream from Deer Lodge during 1996–2010. Thus, although large decreases in FACs and loads of copper and suspended sediment are indicated for Silver Bow Creek upstream from Warm Springs, those large decreases are not translated to the more downstream reaches largely because of temporal stationarity in constituent transport relations in the Clark Fork reach from Galen to Deer Lodge.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Unlike metallic elements, arsenic (a metalloid element) in streams in the upper Clark Fork Basin typically is mostly in dissolved phase, has less variability in concentrations, and has weaker direct relations with suspended-sediment concentrations and streamflow. Arsenic trend results for 1996–2010 indicate generally moderate decreases in FACs and loads in Silver Bow Creek upstream from Opportunity. In general, small temporal changes in loads and FACs of arsenic are indicated for Silver Bow Creek and Clark Fork reaches downstream from Opportunity during 1996–2010. Contribution of arsenic (from Warm Springs Ponds, the Mill-Willow bypass, and groundwater sources) in the Silver Bow Creek reach from Opportunity to Warm Springs is a relatively large source of arsenic. Arsenic loads originating from within this reach accounted for about 11 percent of the load for Clark Fork at Turah Bridge; whereas, streamflow contributed from within this reach only accounted for about 2 percent of the streamflow at Turah Bridge.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135217","usgsCitation":"Sando, S.K., Vecchia, A.V., Lorenz, D.L., and Barnhart, E.P., 2014, Water-quality trends for selected sampling sites in the upper Clark Fork Basin, Montana, water years 1996-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5217, xiii, 162 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135217.","productDescription":"xiii, 162 p.","numberOfPages":"180","temporalStart":"1995-10-01","temporalEnd":"2010-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-045334","costCenters":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283807,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135217.jpg"},{"id":283806,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5217/pdf/sir13-5217.pdf"},{"id":283770,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5217/"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator Projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Clark Fork Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.071,45.7493 ], [ -114.071,47.532 ], [ -112.1814,47.532 ], [ -112.1814,45.7493 ], [ -114.071,45.7493 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7d32e4b0b2908510f3b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sando, Steven K. 0000-0003-1206-1030 sksando@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1206-1030","contributorId":1016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sando","given":"Steven","email":"sksando@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vecchia, Aldo V. 0000-0002-2661-4401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4401","contributorId":41810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"Aldo","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lorenz, David L. 0000-0003-3392-4034 lorenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-4034","contributorId":1384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"David","email":"lorenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnhart, Elliott P. 0000-0002-8788-8393 epbarnhart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8788-8393","contributorId":5385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhart","given":"Elliott","email":"epbarnhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70048952,"text":"ds711 - 2014 - USGS Field Activities 11CEV01 and 11CEV02 on the West Florida Shelf, Gulf of Mexico, in January and February 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-10T15:48:40","indexId":"ds711","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-10T15:08:08","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"711","title":"USGS Field Activities 11CEV01 and 11CEV02 on the West Florida Shelf, Gulf of Mexico, in January and February 2011","docAbstract":"<p>During January and February 2011 the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the University of South Florida (USF), conducted geochemical surveys on the west Florida Shelf. Data collected will allow USGS and USF scientists to investigate the effects of climate change on ocean acidification within the northern Gulf of Mexico, specifically, the effect of ocean acidification on marine organisms and habitats. This work is part of a larger USGS study on Climate and Environmental Variability (CEV). The first cruise was conducted from January 3 – 7 (11CEV01) and the second from February 17 - 27 (11CEV02). To view each cruise's survey lines, please see the Trackline page. Both cruises took place aboard the R/V <i>Weatherbird II</i>, a ship of opportunity led by Dr. Kendra Daly (USF), which departed and returned from Saint Petersburg, Florida.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Data collection included sampling of the surface and water column (referred to as station samples) with lab analysis of pH, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and total alkalinity. Augmenting the lab analysis was a continuous flow-through system with a Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) sensor, which also recorded salinity, and pH. Corroborating the USGS data are the vertical CTD profiles collected by USF. The CTD casts measured continuous vertical profiles of oxygen, chlorophyll fluorescence, optical backscatter, and transmissometer. Discrete samples for nutrients, chlorophyll, and particulate organic carbon/nitrogen were also collected during the CTD casts.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds711","usgsCitation":"Robbins, L.L., Knorr, P.O., Daly, K.L., and Taylor, C.A., 2014, USGS Field Activities 11CEV01 and 11CEV02 on the West Florida Shelf, Gulf of Mexico, in January and February 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 711, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds711.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-035577","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286224,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds711.jpg"},{"id":283783,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0711/"},{"id":286220,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0711/title.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Shelf;Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.967,25.5722 ], [ -89.967,31.0059 ], [ -80.4639,31.0059 ], [ -80.4639,25.5722 ], [ -89.967,25.5722 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351706ce4b05569d805a426","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, Lisa L. 0000-0003-3681-1094 lrobbins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3681-1094","contributorId":422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Lisa","email":"lrobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knorr, Paul O. pknorr@usgs.gov","contributorId":3691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knorr","given":"Paul","email":"pknorr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Daly, Kendra L.","contributorId":79018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daly","given":"Kendra","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, Carl A.","contributorId":9960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70095615,"text":"sir20145026 - 2014 - Evaluation of the expected moments algorithm and a multiple low-outlier test for flood frequency analysis at streamgaging stations in Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-07T07:50:45","indexId":"sir20145026","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-07T07:38:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5026","title":"Evaluation of the expected moments algorithm and a multiple low-outlier test for flood frequency analysis at streamgaging stations in Arizona","docAbstract":"<p>Flooding is among the costliest natural disasters in terms of loss of life and property in Arizona, which is why the accurate estimation of flood frequency and magnitude is crucial for proper structural design and accurate floodplain mapping. Current guidelines for flood frequency analysis in the United States are described in Bulletin 17B (B17B), yet since B17B’s publication in 1982 (Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data, 1982), several improvements have been proposed as updates for future guidelines. Two proposed updates are the Expected Moments Algorithm (EMA) to accommodate historical and censored data, and a generalized multiple Grubbs-Beck (MGB) low-outlier test. The current guidelines use a standard Grubbs-Beck (GB) method to identify low outliers, changing the determination of the moment estimators because B17B uses a conditional probability adjustment to handle low outliers while EMA censors the low outliers. B17B and EMA estimates are identical if no historical information or censored or low outliers are present in the peak-flow data. EMA with MGB (EMA-MGB) test was compared to the standard B17B (B17B-GB) method for flood frequency analysis at 328 streamgaging stations in Arizona. The methods were compared using the relative percent difference (RPD) between annual exceedance probabilities (AEPs), goodness-of-fit assessments, random resampling procedures, and Monte Carlo simulations. The AEPs were calculated and compared using both station skew and weighted skew. Streamgaging stations were classified by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water Information System (NWIS) qualification codes, used to denote historical and censored peak-flow data, to better understand the effect that nonstandard flood information has on the flood frequency analysis for each method. Streamgaging stations were also grouped according to geographic flood regions and analyzed separately to better understand regional differences caused by physiography and climate.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The B17B-GB and EMA-MGB RPD-boxplot results showed that the median RPDs across all streamgaging stations for the 10-, 1-, and 0.2-percent AEPs, computed using station skew, were approximately zero. As the AEP flow estimates decreased (that is, from 10 to 0.2 percent AEP) the variability in the RPDs increased, indicating that the AEP flow estimate was greater for EMA-MGB when compared to B17B-GB. There was only one RPD greater than 100 percent for the 10- and 1-percent AEP estimates, whereas 19 RPDs exceeded 100 percent for the 0.2-percent AEP. At streamgaging stations with low-outlier data, historical peak-flow data, or both, RPDs ranged from −84 to 262 percent for the 0.2-percent AEP flow estimate. When streamgaging stations were separated by the presence of historical peak-flow data (that is, no low outliers or censored peaks) or by low outlier peak-flow data (no historical data), the results showed that RPD variability was greatest for the 0.2-AEP flow estimates, indicating that the treatment of historical and (or) low-outlier data was different between methods and that method differences were most influential when estimating the less probable AEP flows (1, 0.5, and 0.2 percent). When regional skew information was weighted with the station skew, B17B-GB estimates were generally higher than the EMA-MGB estimates for any given AEP. This was related to the different regional skews and mean square error used in the weighting procedure for each flood frequency analysis. The B17B-GB weighted skew analysis used a more positive regional skew determined in USGS Water Supply Paper 2433 (Thomas and others, 1997), while the EMA-MGB analysis used a more negative regional skew with a lower mean square error determined from a Bayesian generalized least squares analysis.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Regional groupings of streamgaging stations reflected differences in physiographic and climatic characteristics. Potentially influential low flows (PILFs) were more prevalent in arid regions of the State, and generally AEP flows were larger with EMA-MGB than with B17B-GB for gaging stations with PILFs. In most cases EMA-MGB curves would fit the largest floods more accurately than B17B-GB. In areas of the State with more baseflow, such as along the Mogollon Rim and the White Mountains, streamgaging stations generally had fewer PILFs and more positive skews, causing estimated AEP flows to be larger with B17B-GB than with EMA-MGB. The effect of including regional skew was similar for all regions, and the observed pattern was increasingly greater B17B-GB flows (more negative RPDs) with each decreasing AEP quantile.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>A variation on a goodness-of-fit test statistic was used to describe each method’s ability to fit the largest floods. The mean absolute percent difference between the measured peak flows and the log-Pearson Type 3 (LP3)-estimated flows, for each method, was averaged over the 90th, 75th, and 50th percentiles of peak-flow data at each site. In most percentile subsets, EMA-MGB on average had smaller differences (1 to 3 percent) between the observed and fitted value, suggesting that the EMA-MGB-LP3 distribution is fitting the observed peak-flow data more precisely than B17B-GB. The smallest EMA-MGB percent differences occurred for the greatest 10 percent (90th percentile) of the peak-flow data. When stations were analyzed by USGS NWIS peak flow qualification code groups, the stations with historical peak flows and no low outliers had average percent differences as high as 11 percent greater for B17B-GB, indicating that EMA-MGB utilized the historical information to fit the largest observed floods more accurately.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>A resampling procedure was used in which 1,000 random subsamples were drawn, each comprising one-half of the observed data. An LP3 distribution was fit to each subsample using B17B-GB and EMA-MGB methods, and the predicted 1-percent AEP flows were compared to those generated from distributions fit to the entire dataset. With station skew, the two methods were similar in the median percent difference, but with weighted skew EMA-MGB estimates were generally better. At two gages where B17B-GB appeared to perform better, a large number of peak flows were deemed to be PILFs by the MGB test, although they did not appear to depart significantly from the trend of the data (step or dogleg appearance). At two gages where EMA-MGB performed better, the MGB identified several PILFs that were affecting the fitted distribution of the B17B-GB method.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Monte Carlo simulations were run for the LP3 distribution using different skews and with different assumptions about the expected number of historical peaks. The primary benefit of running Monte Carlo simulations is that the underlying distribution statistics are known, meaning that the true 1-percent AEP is known. The results showed that EMA-MGB performed as well or better in situations where the LP3 distribution had a zero or positive skew and historical information. When the skew for the LP3 distribution was negative, EMA-MGB performed significantly better than B17B-GB and EMA-MGB estimates were less biased by more closely estimating the true 1-percent AEP for 1, 2, and 10 historical flood scenarios.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145026","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Flood Control District of Maricopa County","usgsCitation":"Paretti, N., Kennedy, J.R., and Cohn, T., 2014, Evaluation of the expected moments algorithm and a multiple low-outlier test for flood frequency analysis at streamgaging stations in Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5026, Report: viii, 61 p.; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145026.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 61 p.; Appendixes","numberOfPages":"74","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-040578","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283442,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145026.jpg"},{"id":283439,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5026/"},{"id":283440,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5026/pdf/sir2014-5026.pdf"},{"id":283441,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5026/downloads/sir2014-5026_Appendixes.xlsx"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"North American datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.82,31.33 ], [ -114.82,37.0 ], [ -109.05,37.0 ], [ -109.05,31.33 ], [ -114.82,31.33 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd587ce4b0b290850f8200","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paretti, Nicholas V. nparetti@usgs.gov","contributorId":802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paretti","given":"Nicholas V.","email":"nparetti@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, Jeffrey R. 0000-0002-3365-6589 jkennedy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3365-6589","contributorId":2172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jkennedy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cohn, Timothy A. tacohn@usgs.gov","contributorId":2927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohn","given":"Timothy A.","email":"tacohn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70068816,"text":"ds818 - 2014 - Quality of surface water in Missouri, water year 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T11:14:27","indexId":"ds818","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-05T11:17:06","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"818","title":"Quality of surface water in Missouri, water year 2012","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, designed and operates a series of monitoring stations on streams and springs throughout Missouri known as the Ambient Water-Quality Monitoring Network. During the 2012 water year (October 1, 2011, through September 30, 2012), data were collected at 81 stations&mdash;73 Ambient Water-Quality Monitoring Network stations, 6 alternate Ambient Water-Quality Monitoring Network stations, and 2 U.S. Geological Survey National Stream Quality Accounting Network stations. Dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, water temperature, suspended solids, suspended sediment, fecal coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli bacteria, dissolved nitrate plus nitrite as nitrogen, total phosphorus, dissolved and total recoverable lead and zinc, and select pesticide compound summaries are presented for 78 of these stations. The stations primarily have been classified into groups corresponding to the physiography of the State, primary land use, or unique station types. In addition, a summary of hydrologic conditions in the State including peak discharges, monthly mean discharges, and 7-day low flow is presented.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds818","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Barr, M.N., 2014, Quality of surface water in Missouri, water year 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 818, iv, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds818.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051073","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283383,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds818.jpg"},{"id":283381,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/818/"},{"id":283382,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/818/pdf/ds818.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.77,36.0 ], [ -95.77,40.61 ], [ -89.1,40.61 ], [ -89.1,36.0 ], [ -95.77,36.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6ea1e4b0b29085105e7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barr, Miya N. 0000-0002-9961-9190 mnbarr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9961-9190","contributorId":3686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barr","given":"Miya","email":"mnbarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70074340,"text":"ds823 - 2014 - Geophysical logging of bedrock wells for geothermal gradient characterization in New Hampshire, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T15:31:51","indexId":"ds823","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-05T08:53:14","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"823","title":"Geophysical logging of bedrock wells for geothermal gradient characterization in New Hampshire, 2013","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New Hampshire Geological Survey, measured the fluid temperature of groundwater and other geophysical properties in 10 bedrock wells in the State of New Hampshire in order to characterize geothermal gradients in bedrock. The wells selected for the study were deep (five ranging from 375 to 900 feet and five deeper than 900 feet) and 6 had low water yields, which correspond to low groundwater flow from fractures. This combination of depth and low water yield reduced the potential for flow-induced temperature changes that would mask the natural geothermal gradient in the bedrock. All the wells included in this study are privately owned, and permission to use the wells was obtained from landowners before geophysical logs were acquired for this study. National Institute of Standards and Technology thermistor readings were used to adjust the factory calibrated geophysical log data. A geometric correction to the gradient measurements was also necessary due to borehole deviation from vertical.</p>\n<p>Maximum groundwater temperatures at the bottom of the logs ranged from 11.2 to 15.4 degrees Celsius. Geothermal gradients were generally higher than those typically reported for other water wells in the United States. Some of the high gradients were associated with high natural gamma emissions. Groundwater flow was discernible in 4 of the 10 wells studied but only obscured the part of the geothermal gradient signal where groundwater actually flowed into, out of, or through the well. Temperature gradients varied by mapped bedrock type but can also vary by localized differences in mineralogy or rock type within the wells.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds823","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Hampshire Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Degnan, J.R., Barker, G., Olson, N., and Wilder, L., 2014, Geophysical logging of bedrock wells for geothermal gradient characterization in New Hampshire, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 823, Report: vi, 19 p.; Log data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds823.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 19 p.; Log data","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052633","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science 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,{"id":70094933,"text":"sir20105090M - 2014 - Assessment of undiscovered sandstone copper deposits of the Kodar-Udokan area, Russia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70094933,"text":"sir20105090M - 2014 - Assessment of undiscovered sandstone copper deposits of the Kodar-Udokan area, Russia","indexId":"sir20105090M","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"M","title":"Assessment of undiscovered sandstone copper deposits of the Kodar-Udokan area, Russia"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70040436,"text":"sir20105090 - 2010 - Global mineral resource assessment","indexId":"sir20105090","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Global mineral resource assessment"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70040436,"text":"sir20105090 - 2010 - Global mineral resource assessment","indexId":"sir20105090","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Global mineral resource assessment"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-12T17:05:12.920879","indexId":"sir20105090M","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-28T07:40:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5090","chapter":"M","title":"Assessment of undiscovered sandstone copper deposits of the Kodar-Udokan area, Russia","docAbstract":"<p>Mineral resource assessments integrate and synthesize available information as a basis for estimating the location, quality, and quantity of undiscovered mineral resources. This probabilistic mineral resource assessment of undiscovered sandstone copper deposits within Paleoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks of the Kodar-Udokan area in Russia is a contribution to a global assessment led by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The purposes of this study are to (1) delineate permissive areas (tracts) to indicate where undiscovered sandstone-hosted copper deposits may occur within 2 km of the surface, (2) provide a database of known sandstone copper deposits and significant prospects, (3) estimate numbers of undiscovered deposits within these permissive tracts at several levels of confidence, and (4) provide probabilistic estimates of amounts of copper (Cu) and mineralized rock that could be contained in undiscovered deposits within each tract. The workshop for the assessment, held in October 2009, used a three-part form of mineral resource assessment as described by Singer (1993) and Singer and Menzie (2010).</p>\n<p>Permissive tracts were delineated by estimating the volume of rock that contains the stratigraphic section ranging from the Chitkanda to the Sakukan Formations of the Udokan Complex to a depth of 2 km and then projecting this rock volume to the surface. The six permissive tracts delineated in this assessment occur in several domains, referred to as troughs in Russian literature, which represent remnants of a much larger basin that likely covered the Kodar-Udokan region. Tracts range in size from about 100 km<sup>2</sup><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>to 800 km<sup>2</sup>. The mapped distributions of rocks as shown on 1:200,000-scale geologic maps, supplemented in some areas by prospect mapping and drilling, were used to delineate the tracts.</p>\n<p>In this study area, data are insufficient to constrain the original basin geometry or the structural or stratigraphic traps that would have localized copper mineralization. Some alteration is described, and the types of sandstone cements vary; however, no patterns are known that provide evidence for regional flow paths of metal-bearing brines that could localize deposits.</p>\n<p>This probabilistic assessment indicates that a significant amount of undiscovered copper is associated with sediment-hosted stratabound copper deposits in the Kodar-Udokan Trough. In the assessment, a mean of 21 undiscovered deposits is estimated to occur within the Kodar-Udokan area. There are two known deposits in the area that contain drill-identified resources of 19.6 million metric tons of copper. Using Monte Carlo simulation, probabilistic estimates of the numbers of undiscovered sandstone copper deposits for these tracts were combined with tonnage and grade distributions of sandstone copper deposits to forecast an arithmetic mean of 20.6 million metric tons of undiscovered copper. Significant value can be expected from associated metals, particularly silver.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global mineral resource assessment (Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5090)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105090M","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Centre for Russian and Central EurAsian Mineral Studies, Natural History Museum, London; Mining and Economic Consulting Ltd., Almaty, Kazakhstan; and Zabaikalsky Division of the Russian Geological Society (RosGeo), Chita, Russia","usgsCitation":"Zientek, M.L., Chechetkin, V.S., Parks, H.L., Box, S.E., Briggs, D.A., Cossette, P.M., Dolgopolova, A., Hayes, T.S., Seltmann, R., Syusyura, B., Taylor, C.D., and Wintzer, N.E., 2014, Assessment of undiscovered sandstone copper deposits of the Kodar-Udokan area, Russia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5090, Report: xi, 129 p.; GIS Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105090M.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 129 p.; GIS Data","numberOfPages":"146","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-044427","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282921,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20105090m.jpg"},{"id":282916,"rank":11,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/m/"},{"id":282920,"rank":1,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/m/downloads/sir2010-5090M_GISdata.zip","text":"GIS Data","size":"315 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"GIS Data"},{"id":282919,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/m/pdf/sir2010-5090M.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.9 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,{"id":70068441,"text":"ofr20131298 - 2014 - Groundwater quality at Alabama Plating and Vincent Spring, Vincent, Alabama, 2007–2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-26T14:56:57","indexId":"ofr20131298","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-26T14:43:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1298","title":"Groundwater quality at Alabama Plating and Vincent Spring, Vincent, Alabama, 2007–2008","docAbstract":"<p>The former Alabama Plating site in Vincent, Alabama, includes the location where the Alabama Plating Company operated an electroplating facility from 1956 until 1986. The operation of the facility generated waste containing cyanide, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, zinc, and other heavy metals. Contamination resulting from the site operations was identified in groundwater, soil, and sediment. Vincent Spring, used as a public water supply by the city of Vincent, Alabama, is located about ½ mile southwest of the site. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, conducted an investigation at Vincent Spring and the Alabama Plating site, Vincent, Alabama, during 2007–2008 to evaluate the groundwater quality and evaluate the potential effect of contaminated groundwater on the water quality of Vincent Spring. The results of the investigation will provide scientific data and information on the occurrence, fate, and transport of contaminants in the water resources of the area and aid in the evaluation of the vulnerability of the public water supply to contamination.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Samples were analyzed to evaluate the water quality at the former plating site, investigate the presence of possible contaminant indicators at Vincent Spring, and determine the usefulness of stable isotopes and geochemical properties in understanding groundwater flow and contaminant transport in the area. Samples collected from 16 monitor wells near the plating site and Vincent Spring were analyzed for major constituents, trace metals, nutrients, and the stable isotopes for hydrogen (<sup>2</sup>H/H) and oxygen (<sup>18</sup>O/<sup>16</sup>O).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Groundwater collected from Vincent Spring was characterized as a calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate water type with total dissolved solids concentrations ranging from 110 to 120 milligrams per liter and pH ranging from about 7.5 to 7.9 units. Groundwater chemistry at the monitor wells at the Alabama Plating site was highly variable by location and depth. Dissolved solids concentrations ranged from 28 to 2,880 milligrams per liter, and the water types varied from calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate-chloride, to calcium-sulfate or calcium-magnesium-sulfate, to sodium-chloride water types. The stable isotope ratios for hydrogen (<sup>2</sup>H/H) and oxygen (<sup>18</sup>O/<sup>16</sup>O) for water from the monitor wells and from Vincent Spring, based on a single sampling event, can be separated into three groups: (1) Vincent Spring, (2) monitor wells MW03 and MW28, and (3) the remaining Alabama Plating monitor wells.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The geochemical and stable isotope analyses indicate that water from Vincent Spring is distinct from water from the Alabama Plating monitor wells; however, this evaluation is based on a single sampling event. Although the water from Vincent Spring, for this sampling event, is different and does not seem to be affected by contaminated groundwater from the Alabama Plating site, additional hydrologic and water-quality data are needed to fully identify flow paths, the potential for contaminant transport, and water-quality changes through time.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131298","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 4","usgsCitation":"Bradley, M., and Gill, A.C., 2014, Groundwater quality at Alabama Plating and Vincent Spring, Vincent, Alabama, 2007–2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1298, Report: iv, 20 p.; Plate: 17 x 11 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131298.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 20 p.; Plate: 17 x 11 inches","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-043797","costCenters":[{"id":105,"text":"Alabama Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282860,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131298.jpg"},{"id":282855,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1298/pdf/of2013-1298_Al_plating_plate_1.pdf"},{"id":282853,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1298/"},{"id":282858,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1298/pdf/of2013-1298.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","city":"Vincent","otherGeospatial":"Vincent Spring","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -86.456545,33.349857 ], [ -86.456545,33.422296 ], [ -86.368698,33.422296 ], [ -86.368698,33.349857 ], [ -86.456545,33.349857 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5fe9e4b0b290850fc98b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Mike 0000-0002-2979-265X mbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2979-265X","contributorId":582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Mike","email":"mbradley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gill, Amy C. 0000-0002-5738-9390 acgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5738-9390","contributorId":220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Amy","email":"acgill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":488009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70074398,"text":"sir20145008 - 2014 - Water movement through the unsaturated zone of the High Plains Aquifer in the Central Platte Natural Resources District, Nebraska, 2008-12","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-26T09:13:23","indexId":"sir20145008","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-26T07:23:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5008","title":"Water movement through the unsaturated zone of the High Plains Aquifer in the Central Platte Natural Resources District, Nebraska, 2008-12","docAbstract":"<p>Uncertainty about the effects of land use and climate on water movement in the unsaturated zone and on groundwater recharge rates can lead to uncertainty in water budgets used for groundwater-flow models. To better understand these effects, a cooperative study between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Central Platte Natural Resources District was initiated in 2007 to determine field-based estimates of recharge rates in selected land-use areas of the Central Platte Natural Resources District in Nebraska. Measured total water potential and unsaturated-zone profiles of tritium, chloride, nitrate as nitrogen, and bromide, along with groundwater-age dates, were used to evaluate water movement in the unsaturated zone and groundwater recharge rates in the central Platte River study area. Eight study sites represented an east-west precipitation contrast across the study area—four beneath groundwater-irrigated cropland (sites 2, 5, and 6 were irrigated corn and site 7 was irrigated alfalfa/corn rotation), three beneath rangeland (sites 1, 4, and 8), and one beneath nonirrigated cropland, or dryland (site 3).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Measurements of transient vertical gradients in total water potential indicated that periodic wetting fronts reached greater mean maximum depths beneath the irrigated sites than beneath the rangeland sites, in part, because of the presence of greater and constant antecedent moisture. Beneath the rangeland sites, greater temporal variation in antecedent moisture and total water potential existed and was, in part, likely a result of local precipitation and evapotranspiration. Moreover, greater variability was noticed in the total water potential profiles beneath the western sites than the corresponding eastern sites, which was attributed to less mean annual precipitation in the west.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The depth of the peak post-bomb tritium concentration or the interface between the pre-bomb/post-bomb tritium, along with a tritium mass balance, within sampled soil profiles were used to estimate water fluxes in the unsaturated zone at three of the eight study sites: site 2 (irrigated), site 3 (dryland), and site 8 (rangeland). Estimates for recharge were about 68 millimeters per year [(mm/yr), post-bomb peak], 133 to 159 mm/yr (tritium interface), and 137 mm/yr (mass balance) at site 2 (irrigated); about 63 mm/yr (tritium interface) and 12 mm/yr (mass balance) at site 3 (dryland); and about 53 mm/yr (tritium interface) and 10 mm/yr (mass balance) at site 8 (rangeland). Recharge values from the mass balance at site 2 were more than an order of magnitude greater than recharge values at site 3, suggesting irrigation is an important control on water movement through the unsaturated zone. For the remaining five sites, the post-bomb tritium had flushed through the system and recharge was considered modern (within 10 years of sampling).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The chloride mass-balance method was used to determine water fluxes below the root zone (less than 2 meters below land surface) at the rangeland sites: sites 1, 4, and 8. At these rangeland sites, water fluxes ranged from 1.8 to 96 mm/yr at site 1, 1.1 to 9.6 mm/yr at site 4, and 1.1 to 68 mm/yr at site 8, with mean rates of 21, 4.3, and 13 mm/yr, respectively. Site 1 had a greater mean water flux, which was consistent with the greater precipitation in the east than at site 8 in the west. Chloride mass balance was not calculated at the irrigated and dryland sites because of uncertainty about additional sources of chloride.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Concentrations of nitrate as nitrogen in pore water in the unsaturated zone were larger beneath the irrigated and dryland (agricultural) sites compared with the rangeland sites. The larger concentrations at the agricultural sites are consistent with the application of nitrogen fertilizer at the agricultural sites and no substantial  accumulation at the rangeland sites.\nThe shape of the nitrate as nitrogen and chloride concentration\nprofiles at site 1 (rangeland) indicate a reasonably larger and\nmore consistent water flux in the UZ than beneath the other\ntwo rangeland sites (sites 4 or 8). Excluding site 7, the general\nshape of the nitrate as nitrogen profiles was similar beneath\nthe agricultural sites and supports the estimates of water\nmovement and recharge rates determined from the tritium and\nchloride methods.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Movement of bromide through the unsaturated zone\nindicated greater water fluxes are found beneath irrigated lands\nthan beneath rangeland. Bromide profiles in the unsaturated\nzone, determined from center of mass and peak displacement\nmethods, document water fluxes ranged from 58\nto 394\nmm/yr beneath irrigated sites and 9 to 201 mm/yr beneath rangeland\nsites. Water-flux estimates from the potassium bromide tests at\nmost sites did not represent overall recharge rates because the\nbromide remained primarily in the root zone.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Apparent groundwater age was used to determine the\ngroundwater residence time at the eight sites and to estimate recharge rates. Groundwater ages in the study area\nranged from old water (defined here as groundwater that was\nrecharged more than 50 years ago) to modern (defined here\nas groundwater that has recharged within the past 10 years).\nGroundwater ages indicated that the shallow monitoring wells\ngenerally had younger residence times, whereas the deeper\nmonitoring wells generally had the older residence times.\nGroundwater dates from the shallowest monitoring wells were\nused to determine recharge rates at the water table. These\nrates generally were similar to recharge rates determined from\ntritium and chloride mass-balance methods. Groundwater\nrecharge rates generally increased with well depth, and the\ndeeper monitoring wells likely do not represent local recharge\nconditions but recharge from a regional flow system that\nreceives recharge from distant sources.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Overall, these data generally indicate that water movement within the unsaturated zone primarily is affected by spatial contrasts in mean annual precipitation and by the land use\nor land cover. The eight unsaturated-zone sites each generated\nunique, valuable datasets that likely will improve the understanding of water movement and recharge rates in the central\nPlatte River valley.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145008","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Central Platte Natural Resources District","usgsCitation":"Steele, G.V., Gurdak, J., and Hobza, C.M., 2014, Water movement through the unsaturated zone of the High Plains Aquifer in the Central Platte Natural Resources District, Nebraska, 2008-12: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5008, Report: x, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145008.","productDescription":"Report: x, 54 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045594","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282796,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5008/pdf/sir2014-5008.pdf"},{"id":282797,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5008/downloads/Tables.xlsx"},{"id":282798,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145008.jpg"},{"id":282791,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5008/"}],"scale":"1000000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"NAD 83","country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Central Platte Natural Resources District","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.0,40.5 ], [ -100.0,41.0 ], [ -98.5,41.0 ], [ -98.5,40.5 ], [ -100.0,40.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7c15e4b0b2908510e880","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steele, Gregory V. gvsteele@usgs.gov","contributorId":783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"Gregory","email":"gvsteele@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gurdak, Jason J.","contributorId":65125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurdak","given":"Jason J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hobza, Christopher M. 0000-0002-6239-934X cmhobza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-934X","contributorId":2393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobza","given":"Christopher","email":"cmhobza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70073492,"text":"ofr20141007 - 2014 - Capacitively coupled and direct-current resistivity surveys of selected reaches of Cozad, Thirty-Mile, Orchard-Alfalfa, Kearney, and Outlet Canals in Nebraska, 2012-13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-26T09:11:38","indexId":"ofr20141007","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-26T07:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1007","title":"Capacitively coupled and direct-current resistivity surveys of selected reaches of Cozad, Thirty-Mile, Orchard-Alfalfa, Kearney, and Outlet Canals in Nebraska, 2012-13","docAbstract":"<p>Understanding the spatial characteristics of leakage from canals is critical to effectively managing and utilizing water resources for irrigation and hydroelectric purposes. Canal leakage in some parts of Nebraska is the primary source of water for groundwater recharge and helps maintain the base flow of streams. Because surface-water supplies depend on the streamflow of the Platte River and the available water stored in upstream reservoirs, water managers seek to minimize conveyance losses, which can include canal leakage. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Central Platte Natural Resources District and Nebraska Public Power District, used capacitively coupled (CC) and direct-current (DC) resistivity techniques for continuous resistivity profiling to map near-surface lithologies near and underlying the Cozad, Thirty-Mile, Orchard-Alfalfa, Kearney, and Outlet Canals. Approximately 84 kilometers (km) of CC-resistivity data were collected along the five canals.</p>\n<br/> \n<p>The CC-resistivity data were compared with results from continuous sediment cores and electrical conductivity logs. Generally, the highest resistivities were recorded at the upstream reaches of the Cozad, Thirty-Mile, and Orchard-Alfalfa canals where flood-plain deposits of silt and clay mantle coarser channel deposits of sand and gravel. The finer grained deposits gradually thicken with increasing distance away from the Platte River. Consequently, for many surveyed reaches the thickness of fine-grained deposits exceeded the 8-meter depth of investigation.</p>\n<br/> \n<p>A detailed geophysical investigation along a 5-km reach of the Outlet Canal southwest of North Platte, Nebraska, used CC and DC resistivity to examine the condition of a compacted-core bank structure and characterized other potential controls on areas of focused seepage. CC-resistivity data, collected along the 5-km study reach, were compared with continuous sediment cores and DC-resistivity data collected near a selected seep near Outlet Canal mile post 15.55 along 5 separate profiles. DC-resistivity results were compared to a schematic cross section of the Outlet Canal north embankment that include the original surfaces and modifications to the compacted-core bank structure.</p> \n<br/>\n<p>Along the canal road south line, there is a transition from high resistivity at land surface to much lower resistivity near the estimated depth of the northern slope of the original compacted-core bank; however, the surveyed elevation of the water surface in the canal also is at this elevation. Along the canal road north line, there is a transition from high resistivity near land surface to lower resistivity at depth. Although the transition is rapid near the estimated depth of the first-modified bank slope, it also is coincident with the groundwater level measured in piezometer PZ-4. Currently (2013), it is unknown if the indicated changes in resistivity at these elevations was the effect of saturation of the underlying sediments or caused by the compacted-core bank.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141007","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Central Platte Natural Resources District and Nebraska Public Power District","usgsCitation":"Hobza, C.M., Burton, B., Lucius, J.E., and Tompkins, R.E., 2014, Capacitively coupled and direct-current resistivity surveys of selected reaches of Cozad, Thirty-Mile, Orchard-Alfalfa, Kearney, and Outlet Canals in Nebraska, 2012-13: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1007, Report: vi, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141007.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 48 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045699","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282795,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141007.jpg"},{"id":282794,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1007/downloads/"},{"id":282790,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1007/"},{"id":282793,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1007/pdf/of2014-1007.pdf"}],"projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic","datum":"NAD 83","country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","city":"Cozad;Kearney","otherGeospatial":"Orchard Alfalfa Canal;Thirty Mile Canal","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -101.0,40.5 ], [ -101.0,41.3 ], [ -99.0,41.3 ], [ -99.0,40.5 ], [ -101.0,40.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5023e4b0b290850f3273","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hobza, Christopher M. 0000-0002-6239-934X cmhobza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-934X","contributorId":2393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobza","given":"Christopher","email":"cmhobza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burton, Bethany L. 0000-0001-5011-7862 blburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5011-7862","contributorId":1341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Bethany L.","email":"blburton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":488803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lucius, Jeffrey E. lucius@usgs.gov","contributorId":817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucius","given":"Jeffrey","email":"lucius@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":488802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tompkins, Ryan E.","contributorId":20851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tompkins","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70058590,"text":"ofr20131288 - 2014 - Borehole geophysical data for the East Poplar oil field area, Fort Peck Indian Reservation, northeastern Montana, 1993, 2004, and 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-18T14:50:50.90687","indexId":"ofr20131288","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-20T16:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1288","displayTitle":"Borehole Geophysical Data for the East Poplar Oil Field Area, Fort Peck Indian Reservation, Northeastern Montana, 1993, 2004, and 2005","title":"Borehole geophysical data for the East Poplar oil field area, Fort Peck Indian Reservation, northeastern Montana, 1993, 2004, and 2005","docAbstract":"<p>Areas of high electrical conductivity in shallow aquifers in the East Poplar oil field area were delineated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Fort Peck Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes, in order to interpret areas of saline-water contamination. Ground, airborne, and borehole geophysical data were collected in the East Poplar oil field area from 1992 through 2005 as part of this delineation. This report presents borehole geophysical data for thirty-two wells that were collected during 1993, 2004, and 2005 in the East Poplar oil field study area. Natural-gamma and induction instruments were used to provide information about the lithology and conductivity of the soil, rock, and water matrix adjacent to and within the wells. The well logs were also collected to provide subsurface controls for interpretation of a helicopter electromagnetic survey flown over most of the East Poplar oil field in 2004. The objective of the USGS studies was to improve understanding of aquifer hydrogeology particularly in regard to variations in water quality.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131288","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Office of Environmental Protection of the Fort Peck Tribes","usgsCitation":"Smith, B.D., Thamke, J.N, and Tyrrell, Christa, 2014, Borehole geophysical data for the East Poplar oil field area, Fort Peck Indian Reservation, northeastern Montana, 1993, 2004, and 2005 (ver. 1.1, November 2020): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013–1288, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131288.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 11 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045027","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":379880,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1288/pdf/ofr2013-1288_Revised.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.53 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2013–1288"},{"id":379881,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1288/ofr20131288_appendix_1","text":"Appendix 1","linkHelpText":"— Plots of Digital Geophysical Logs"},{"id":282603,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1288/images/coverthb3.jpg"},{"id":379882,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1288/versionHist.txt","size":"2.96 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2013–1288 Version History"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Fort Peck Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.0,48.0 ], [ -106.0,48.5 ], [ -105.0,48.5 ], [ -105.0,48.0 ], [ -106.0,48.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0: February 20, 2014; Version 1.1: November 18, 2020","contact":"<p>Director, <a data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/gggsc\" href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/gggsc\">Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>Box 25046, MS 964<br>Denver, CO 80225</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Borehole-Geophysical Data</li><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>References Cited</li><li>Appendix</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"publishedDate":"2014-02-20","revisedDate":"2020-11-18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4fb6e4b0b290850f2dfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Bruce D. 0000-0002-1643-2997 bsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-2997","contributorId":845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Bruce","email":"bsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thamke, Joanna N. 0000-0002-6917-1946 jothamke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6917-1946","contributorId":1012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thamke","given":"Joanna N.","email":"jothamke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tyrrell, Christa","contributorId":13704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tyrrell","given":"Christa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70074060,"text":"ds822 - 2014 - USGS field activities 11BHM03 and 11BHM04 on the west Florida shelf, Gulf of Mexico, September and November 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-15T12:59:01","indexId":"ds822","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-14T15:54:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"822","title":"USGS field activities 11BHM03 and 11BHM04 on the west Florida shelf, Gulf of Mexico, September and November 2011","docAbstract":"<p>During September and November 2011 the (USGS), in cooperation with (USF), conducted geochemical surveys on the west Florida Shelf to investigate the effects of climate change on ocean acidification within the northern Gulf of Mexico, specifically, the effect of ocean acidification on marine organisms and habitats. The first cruise was conducted from September 20 to 28 (11BHM03) and the second was from November 2 to 4 (11BHM04). To view each cruise's survey lines, please see the Trackline page. Each cruise took place aboard the Research Vessel (R/V) Weatherbird II, a ship of opportunity led by Dr. Kendra Daly (USF), which departed from and returned to Saint Petersburg, Florida.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Data collection included sampling of the surface and water column with lab analysis of pH, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) or total carbon dioxide (TCO<sub>2</sub>), and total alkalinity (TA). lLb analysis was augmented with a continuous flow-through system (referred to as sonde data) with a conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) sensor, which also recorded salinity and pH. Corroborating the USGS data are the vertical CTD profiles (referred to as station samples) collected by USF. The CTD casts measured continuous vertical profiles of oxygen, chlorophyll fluorescence and optical backscatter. Discrete samples for nutrients, chlorophyll, and particulate organic carbon/nitrogen were also collected during the CTD casts. Two autonomous flow-through (AFT) instruments recorded pH and CO<sub>2</sub> every 3-5 minutes on each cruise (referred to as AFT data).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds822","usgsCitation":"Robbins, L.L., Knorr, P.O., Daly, K.L., and Barrera, K.E., 2014, USGS field activities 11BHM03 and 11BHM04 on the west Florida shelf, Gulf of Mexico, September and November 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 822, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds822.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051017","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282440,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds822.jpg"},{"id":282445,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0822/"},{"id":282444,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0822/title.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.86,18.18 ], [ -97.86,30.40 ], [ -81.04,30.40 ], [ -81.04,18.18 ], [ -97.86,18.18 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7a17e4b0b2908510d445","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, Lisa L. 0000-0003-3681-1094 lrobbins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3681-1094","contributorId":422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Lisa","email":"lrobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knorr, Paul O. pknorr@usgs.gov","contributorId":3691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knorr","given":"Paul","email":"pknorr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Daly, Kendra L.","contributorId":79018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daly","given":"Kendra","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barrera, Kira E. 0000-0002-2807-4795 kbarrera@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2807-4795","contributorId":4910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrera","given":"Kira","email":"kbarrera@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70074059,"text":"ds712 - 2014 - USGS field activities 11BHM01 and 11BHM02 on the west Florida shelf, Gulf of Mexico, May and June 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-02T15:10:14","indexId":"ds712","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-14T14:37:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"712","title":"USGS field activities 11BHM01 and 11BHM02 on the west Florida shelf, Gulf of Mexico, May and June 2011","docAbstract":"<p>During May and June 2011 the (USGS), in cooperation with (USF), conducted geochemical surveys on the west Florida Shelf to investigate the effects of climate change on ocean acidification within the northern Gulf of Mexico, specifically, the effect of ocean acidification on marine organisms and habitats. The first cruise was conducted from May 3 to 9 (11BHM01) and the second was from June 25 to 30 (11BHM02). To view each cruise's survey lines, please see the Trackline page. Each cruise took place aboard the Research Vessel (R/V) Weatherbird II, a ship of opportunity led by Dr. Kendra Daly (USF), which departed from and returned to Saint Petersburg, Florida. Data collection included sampling of the surface and water column with lab analysis of pH, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) or total carbon dioxide (TCO<sub>2</sub>), and total alkalinity (TA). lLb analysis was augmented with a continuous flow-through system (referred to as sonde data) with a conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) sensor, which also recorded salinity and pH. Corroborating the USGS data are the vertical CTD profiles (referred to as station samples) collected by USF. The CTD casts measured continuous vertical profiles of oxygen, chlorophyll fluorescence and optical backscatter. Discrete samples for nutrients, chlorophyll, and particulate organic carbon/nitrogen were also collected during the CTD casts. Two autonomous flow-through (AFT) instruments recorded pH and CO2 every 3-5 minutes on each cruise (referred to as AFT data).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds712","usgsCitation":"Robbins, L.L., Knorr, P.O., Daly, K.L., Taylor, C.A., and Barrera, K.E., 2014, USGS field activities 11BHM01 and 11BHM02 on the west Florida shelf, Gulf of Mexico, May and June 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 712, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds712.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-040390","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282434,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds712.jpg"},{"id":282432,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0712/"},{"id":282433,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0712/title.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.143310546875,\n              27.32297494724568\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.143310546875,\n              30.344435586368462\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.37548828125,\n              30.344435586368462\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.37548828125,\n              27.32297494724568\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.143310546875,\n              27.32297494724568\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7a17e4b0b2908510d443","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, Lisa L. 0000-0003-3681-1094 lrobbins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3681-1094","contributorId":422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Lisa","email":"lrobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knorr, Paul O. pknorr@usgs.gov","contributorId":3691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knorr","given":"Paul","email":"pknorr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Daly, Kendra L.","contributorId":79018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daly","given":"Kendra","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, Carl A.","contributorId":9960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barrera, Kira E. 0000-0002-2807-4795 kbarrera@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2807-4795","contributorId":4910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrera","given":"Kira","email":"kbarrera@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70048968,"text":"ofr20131107 - 2014 - Field manual for the collection of Navajo Nation streamflow-gage data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-14T10:50:00","indexId":"ofr20131107","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-14T10:44:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1107","title":"Field manual for the collection of Navajo Nation streamflow-gage data","docAbstract":"The Field Manual for the Collection of Navajo Nation Streamflow-Gage Data (Navajo Field Manual) is based on established (standard) U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging methods and provides guidelines specifically designed for the Navajo Department of Water Resources personnel who establish and maintain streamflow gages. The Navajo Field Manual addresses field visits, including essential field equipment and the selection of and routine visits to streamflow-gaging stations, examines surveying methods for determining peak flows (indirect measurements), discusses safety considerations, and defines basic terms.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131107","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Navajo Nation’s Department of Water Resources, Water Management Branch","usgsCitation":"Hart, R.J., and Fisk, G.G., 2014, Field manual for the collection of Navajo Nation streamflow-gage data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1107, vi, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131107.","productDescription":"vi, 41 p.","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-040678","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282388,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131107.jpg"},{"id":282386,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1107/"},{"id":282387,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1107/pdf/ofr2013-1107.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona;New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.0,35.0 ], [ -112.0,37.5 ], [ -108.0,37.5 ], [ -108.0,35.0 ], [ -112.0,35.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5944e4b0b290850f89ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, Robert J. bhart@usgs.gov","contributorId":598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Robert","email":"bhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisk, Gregory G.","contributorId":51728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisk","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70058438,"text":"sim3237 - 2014 - Global geologic map of Ganymede","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-16T19:14:54.841414","indexId":"sim3237","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-12T11:55:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3237","title":"Global geologic map of Ganymede","docAbstract":"<p>Ganymede is the largest satellite of Jupiter, and its icy surface has been formed through a variety of impact cratering, tectonic, and possibly cryovolcanic processes. The history of Ganymede can be divided into three distinct phases: an early phase dominated by impact cratering and mixing of non-ice materials in the icy crust, a phase in the middle of its history marked by great tectonic upheaval, and a late quiescent phase characterized by a gradual drop in heat flow and further impact cratering. Images of Ganymede suitable for geologic mapping were collected during the flybys of Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 (1979), as well as during the Galileo Mission in orbit around Jupiter (1995&ndash;2003). This map represents a synthesis of our understanding of Ganymede geology after the conclusion of the Galileo Mission. We summarize the properties of the imaging dataset used to construct the map, previously published maps of Ganymede, our own mapping rationale, and the geologic history of Ganymede. Additional details on these topics, along with detailed descriptions of the type localities for the material units, may be found in the companion paper to this map (Patterson and others, 2010).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3237","issn":"2329-132X","collaboration":"Prepared for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration","usgsCitation":"Collins, G.C., Patterson, G.W., Head, J.W., Pappalardo, R.T., Prockter, L.M., Lucchitta, B.K., and Kay, J.P., 2014, Global geologic map of Ganymede: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3237, Report: i, 4 p.; 1 Plate: 58.02 x 41.00 inches; ReadMe; Metadata; Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3237.","productDescription":"Report: i, 4 p.; 1 Plate: 58.02 x 41.00 inches; ReadMe; Metadata; Database","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-039423","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438774,"rank":9,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P91J9GP5","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Interactive Map: USGS SIM 3237 Global Geologic Map of Ganymede"},{"id":282305,"rank":7,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3237.gif"},{"id":405430,"rank":8,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P91J9GP5","text":"Interactive map","description":"Geoffrey C. Collins, G. Wesley Patterson, James W. Head, Robert T. Pappalardo, Louise M. Prockter, Baerbel K. Lucchitta, and Johnathan P. Kay, 2014, Global geologic map of Ganymede: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3237, scale 1:15,000,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3237","linkHelpText":"- Global Geologic Map of Ganymede, 1:15M. Collins et al., (2014)"},{"id":282302,"rank":6,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3237/SIM3237_readme"},{"id":282303,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3237/SIM3237_metadata"},{"id":282301,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3237/pdf/sim3237_mapsheet.pdf"},{"id":282304,"rank":1,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3237/downloads/Ganymede_SIM3237_Database.zip"},{"id":282300,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3237/pdf/sim3237_pamphlet.pdf"},{"id":282299,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3237/"}],"scale":"15000000","otherGeospatial":"Ganymede, Jupiter","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5ef8e4b0b290850fc05c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, Geoffrey C.","contributorId":40512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patterson, G. Wesley","contributorId":29302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Wesley","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Head, James W.","contributorId":70772,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Head","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7002,"text":"Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":487045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pappalardo, Robert T.","contributorId":102380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pappalardo","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Prockter, Louise M.","contributorId":36850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prockter","given":"Louise","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lucchitta, Baerbel K. blucchitta@usgs.gov","contributorId":3649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"Baerbel","email":"blucchitta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":487041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kay, Johnathan P.","contributorId":77046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kay","given":"Johnathan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70093696,"text":"ofr20131304 - 2014 - Groundwater, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona: 2011-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-11T13:49:02","indexId":"ofr20131304","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-11T12:43:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1304","title":"Groundwater, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona: 2011-2012","docAbstract":"<p>The Navajo (N) aquifer is an extensive aquifer and the primary source of groundwater in the 5,400-square-mile Black Mesa area in northeastern Arizona. Availability of water is an important issue in northeastern Arizona because of continued water requirements for industrial and municipal use by a growing population and because of low precipitation in the arid climate of the Black Mesa area. Precipitation in the area typically is between 6 and 14 inches per year.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The U.S. Geological Survey water-monitoring program in the Black Mesa area began in 1971 and provides information about the long-term effects of groundwater withdrawals from the N aquifer for industrial and municipal uses. This report presents results of data collected as part of the monitoring program in the Black Mesa area from January 2011 to September 2012. The monitoring program includes measurements of (1) groundwater withdrawals, (2) groundwater levels, (3) spring discharge, (4) surface-water discharge, and (5) groundwater chemistry.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>In 2011, total groundwater withdrawals were 4,480 acre-ft, industrial withdrawals were 1,390 acre-ft, and municipal withdrawals were 3,090 acre-ft. Total withdrawals during 2011 were about 39 percent less than total withdrawals in 2005 because of Peabody Western Coal Company’s discontinued use of water to transport coal in a slurry. From 2010 to 2011 total withdrawals increased by 11 percent; industrial withdrawals increased by approximately 19 percent, and total municipal withdrawals increased by 8 percent.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>From 2011 to 2012, annually measured water levels in the Black Mesa area declined in 8 of 15 wells that were available for comparison in the unconfined areas of the N aquifer, and the median change was -0.1 feet. Water levels declined in 9 of 18 wells measured in the confined area of the aquifer. The median change for the confined area of the aquifer was 0.0 feet. From the prestress period (prior to 1965) to 2012, the median water-level change for 34 wells in both the confined and unconfined areas was -13.4 feet; the median water-level changes were -2.1 feet for 16 wells measured in the unconfined areas and -39.1 feet for 18 wells measured in the confined area.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Spring flow was measured at four springs in 2012. Flow fluctuated during the period of record for Burro and Unnamed Spring near Dennehotso, but a decreasing trend was apparent at Moenkopi School Spring and Pasture Canyon Spring. Discharge at Burro Spring has remained relatively constant since it was first measured in the 1980s and discharge at Unnamed Spring near Dennehotso has fluctuated for the period of record. Trend analysis for discharge at Moenkopi and Pasture Canyon Springs yielded a slope significantly different from zero.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Continuous records of surface-water discharge in the Black Mesa area were collected from streamflow-gaging stations at the following sites: Moenkopi Wash at Moenkopi 09401260 (1976 to 2010), Dinnebito Wash near Sand Springs 09401110 (1993 to 2010), Polacca Wash near Second Mesa 09400568 (1994 to 2010), and Pasture Canyon Springs 09401265 (2004 to 2010). Median winter flows (November through February) of each water year were used as an index of the amount of groundwater discharge at the above-named sites. For the period of record of each streamflow-gaging station, the median winter flows have generally remained constant, and there are no significant statistical trends in groundwater discharge.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>In 2012, water samples collected from 10 wells and 4 springs in the Black Mesa area were analyzed for selected chemical constituents, and the results were compared with previous analyses. Concentrations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate have varied at all 10 wells for the period of record, but neither increasing nor decreasing trends over time were found. Dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate concentrations increased at Moenkopi School Spring during the more than 12 years of record at that site. Concentrations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate at Pasture Canyon Spring have not varied significantly since the early 1980s, and there is no increasing or decreasing trend in those data. Concentrations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate at Burro Spring and Unnamed Spring near Dennehotso have varied for the period of record, but there is no increasing or decreasing trend in the data.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131304","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the Arizona Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Macy, J.P., and Unema, J., 2014, Groundwater, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona: 2011-2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1304, v, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131304.","productDescription":"v, 42 p.","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-045075","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282269,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131304.jpg"},{"id":282267,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1304/"},{"id":282270,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1304/pdf/ofr2013-1304.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Black Mesa","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.5,35.5 ], [ -111.5,37.0 ], [ -109.5,37.0 ], [ -109.5,35.5 ], [ -111.5,35.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5ff6e4b0b290850fc9d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macy, Jamie P. 0000-0003-3443-0079 jpmacy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3443-0079","contributorId":2173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macy","given":"Jamie","email":"jpmacy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Unema, Joel A.","contributorId":92577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unema","given":"Joel A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70072585,"text":"ofr20131303 - 2014 - Change in the length of the southern section of the Chandeleur Islands oil berm, January 13, 2011, through September 3, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-10T13:33:42","indexId":"ofr20131303","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-10T13:29:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1303","title":"Change in the length of the southern section of the Chandeleur Islands oil berm, January 13, 2011, through September 3, 2012","docAbstract":"On April 20, 2010, an explosion on the Deepwater Horizon oil rig drilling at the Macondo Prospect site in the Gulf of Mexico resulted in a marine oil spill that continued to flow through July 15, 2010. One of the affected areas was the Breton National Wildlife Refuge, which consists of a chain of low-lying islands, including Breton Island and the Chandeleur Islands, and their surrounding waters. The island chain is located approximately 115–150 kilometers (km) north-northwest of the spill site. A sand berm was constructed seaward of, and on, the island chain. Construction began at the northern end of Chandeleur Islands in June 2010 and ended in April 2011 after 14 km of berm had been constructed. The berm consisted of three distinct sections based on where the berm was placed relative to the islands. The northern section of the berm was built in open water on a submerged portion of the Chandeleur Islands platform. The middle section was built approximately 70–90 meters (m) seaward of the Chandeleur Islands. The southern section was built on the islands’ beaches. Repeated Landsat and SPOT satellite imagery and airborne light detection and ranging (lidar) were used to observe the disintegration of the berm over time. The methods used to analyze the remotely sensed data and the resulting, derived data for the southern section are reported.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131303","issn":"2332-1258","usgsCitation":"Plant, N.G., and Guy, K.K., 2014, Change in the length of the southern section of the Chandeleur Islands oil berm, January 13, 2011, through September 3, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1303, iv, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131303.","productDescription":"iv, 8 p.","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2011-01-13","temporalEnd":"2012-09-03","ipdsId":"IP-050824","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282221,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131303.jpg"},{"id":282219,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1303/"},{"id":282220,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1303/pdf/of2013-1303.pdf"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Breton Island;Chandeleur Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.5,28.5 ], [ -89.5,30.5 ], [ -88.5,30.5 ], [ -88.5,28.5 ], [ -89.5,28.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd506ae4b0b290850f3524","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel G. 0000-0002-5703-5672 nplant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":3503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nplant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guy, Kristy K. kguy@usgs.gov","contributorId":45010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"Kristy","email":"kguy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70074262,"text":"ofr20141011 - 2014 - Survival of bacterial indicators and the functional diversity of native microbial communities in the Floridan aquifer system, south Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-10T13:19:16","indexId":"ofr20141011","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-10T13:13:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1011","title":"Survival of bacterial indicators and the functional diversity of native microbial communities in the Floridan aquifer system, south Florida","docAbstract":"The Upper Floridan aquifer in the southern region of Florida is a multi-use, regional scale aquifer that is used as a potable water source and as a repository for passively recharged untreated surface waters, and injected treated surface water and wastewater, industrial wastes, including those which contain greenhouse gases (for example, carbon dioxide). The presence of confined zones within the Floridan aquifer that range in salinity from fresh to brackish allow regulatory agencies to permit the injection of these different types of product waters into specific zones without detrimental effects to humans and terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The type of recharge that has received the most regulatory attention in south Florida is aquifer storage and recovery (ASR). The treated water, prior to injection and during recovery, must meet primary and secondary drinking water standards. The primary microbiology drinking water standard is total coliforms, which have been shown to be difficult to inactivate below the regulatory standard during the treatment process at some ASR facilities. The inefficient inactivation of this group of indicator bacteria permits their direct injection into the storage zones of the Floridan aquifer. Prior to this study, the inactivation rates for any member of the total coliform group during exposure to native geochemical conditions in groundwater from any zone of the Floridan aquifer had not been derived.\n\nAboveground flow through mesocosms and diffusion chambers were used to quantify the inactivation rates of two bacterial indicators, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, during exposure to groundwater from six wells. These wells collect water from two ASR storage zones: the Upper Floridan aquifer (UFA) and Avon Park Permeable Zone (APPZ). Both bacterial strains followed a biphasic inactivation model. The E. coli populations had slower inactivation rates in the UFA (range: 0.217–0.628 per hour (h<sup>-1</sup>)) during the first phase of the model than when exposed to groundwater from the APPZ (range: 0.540–0.684 h<sup>-1</sup>). The inactivation rates for the first phase of the models for P. aeruginosa were not significantly different between the UFA (range: 0.144–0.770 h<sup>-1</sup>) and APPZ (range: 0.159–0.772 h<sup>-1</sup>) aquifer zones. The inactivation rates for the second phase of the model for this P. aeruginosa were also similar between UFA (range: 0.003–0.008 h<sup>-1</sup>) and APPZ (0.004–0.005 h<sup>-1</sup>) zones, although significantly slower than the model’s first phase rates for this bacterial species.\n\nGeochemical data were used to determine which dissimilatory biogeochemical reactions were most likely to occur under the native conditions in the UFA and APPZ zones using thermodynamics principles to calculate free energy yields and other cell-related energetics data. The biogeochemical processes of acetotrophic and hydrogenotrophic sulfate reduction, methanogenesis and anaerobic oxidation of methane dominated in all six groundwater sites.\n\nA high throughput DNA microarray sequencing technology was used to characterize the diversity in the native aquifer bacterial communities (bacteria and archaea) and assign putative physiological capabilities to the members of those communities. The bacterial communities in both zones of the aquifer were shown to possess the capabilities for primary and secondary fermentation, acetogenesis, methanogenesis, anaerobic methane oxidation, syntrophy with methanogens, ammonification, and sulfate reduction.\n\nThe data from this study provide the first determination of bacterial indicator survival during exposure to native geochemical conditions of the Floridan aquifer in south Florida. Additionally, the energetics and functional bacterial diversity characterizations are the first descriptions of native bacterial communities in this region of the Floridan aquifer and reveal how these communities persist under such extreme conditions. Collectively, these types of data can be used to develop and refine groundwater models.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141011","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Lisle, J.T., 2014, Survival of bacterial indicators and the functional diversity of native microbial communities in the Floridan aquifer system, south Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1011, vi, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141011.","productDescription":"vi, 72 p.","numberOfPages":"78","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050699","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282216,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141011.jpg"},{"id":282214,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1011/"},{"id":282215,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1011/pdf/of2014-1011.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Avon Park Permeable Zone;Upper Floridian Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.5,26.5 ], [ -81.5,27.5 ], [ -80.0,27.5 ], [ -80.0,26.5 ], [ -81.5,26.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7612e4b0b2908510aaab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lisle, John T. 0000-0002-5447-2092 jlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5447-2092","contributorId":2944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisle","given":"John","email":"jlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70066779,"text":"sir20145002 - 2014 - Assessment of conservation easements, total phosphorus, and total suspended solids in West Fork Beaver Creek, Minnesota, 1999-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-10T09:12:26","indexId":"sir20145002","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-10T09:05:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5002","title":"Assessment of conservation easements, total phosphorus, and total suspended solids in West Fork Beaver Creek, Minnesota, 1999-2012","docAbstract":"This study examined conservation easements and their effectiveness at reducing phosphorus and solids transport to streams. The U.S. Geological Survey cooperated with the Minnesota Board of Water and Soil Resources and worked collaboratively with the Hawk Creek Watershed Project to examine the West Fork Beaver Creek Basin in Renville County, which has the largest number of Reinvest In Minnesota land retirement contracts in the State (as of 2013). Among all conservation easement programs, a total of 24,218 acres of agricultural land were retired throughout Renville County, and 2,718 acres were retired in the West Fork Beaver Creek Basin from 1987 through 2012. Total land retirement increased steadily from 1987 until 2000. In 2000, land retirement increased sharply because of the Minnesota River Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program, then leveled off when the program ended in 2002.\n\nStreamflow data were collected during 1999 through 2011, and total phosphorus and total suspended solids data were collected during 1999 through 2012. During this period, the highest peak streamflow of 1,320 cubic feet per second was in March 2010. Total phosphorus and total suspended solids are constituents that tend to increase with increases in streamflow. Annual flow-weighted mean total-phosphorus concentrations ranged from 0.140 to 0.759 milligrams per liter, and annual flow-weighted mean total suspended solids concentrations ranged from 21.3 to 217 milligrams per liter. Annual flow-weighted mean total phosphorus and total suspended solids concentrations decreased steadily during the first 4 years of water-quality sample collection. A downward trend in flow-weighted mean total-phosphorus concentrations was significant from 1999 through 2008; however, flow-weighted total-phosphorus concentrations increased substantially in 2009, and the total phosphorus trend was no longer significant. The high annual flow-weighted mean concentrations for total phosphorus and total suspended solids in 2009 were affected by outlier concentrations documented in March 2009.\n\nAgricultural land-retirement data only were available through 2008; therefore, it was not possible to compare total phosphorus and total suspended solids concentrations to agricultural land-retirement data for 2009–11. A downward trend in annual flow-weighted mean total-phosphorus concentrations was related significantly to annual land retirement for 1999–2008. The relation between annual flow-weighted mean total suspended solids concentration and annual land retirement was not statistically significant for 1999–2008. If land-retirement data had been available for 2009–11, it is possible that the relation between total phosphorus and land retirement would no longer be evident because of the marked increase in flow-weighted concentrations during 2009. Alternatively, the increase in annual flow-weighted mean total-phosphorus concentrations during 2009–11 may be because of other factors, including industrial discharges, increases in drain tile installation, changes in land use including decreases in agricultural land retirement after 2008, increases in erosion, increases in phosphorus applications to fields, or unknown causes. Inclusion of land-retirement effects in agency planning along with other factors adds perspective with regard to the broader picture of interdependent systems and allows agencies to make informed decisions on the benefits of perpetual easements compared to limited duration easements.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145002","issn":"2328-0328","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Board of Water and Soil Resources","usgsCitation":"Christensen, V.G., and Kieta, K.A., 2014, Assessment of conservation easements, total phosphorus, and total suspended solids in West Fork Beaver Creek, Minnesota, 1999-2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5002, Report: vi, 16 p.; Table 1-1, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145002.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 16 p.; Table 1-1","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1999-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-025147","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282195,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145002.jpg"},{"id":282132,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5002/"},{"id":282192,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5002/pdf/sir2014-5002.pdf"},{"id":282193,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5002/downloads/Table1-1.xlsx"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator Projection, Zone 15","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"West Fork Beaver Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.5,44.5 ], [ -95.5,45.0 ], [ -94.5,45.0 ], [ -94.5,44.5 ], [ -95.5,44.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4e2be4b0b290850f1ef9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, Victoria G. 0000-0003-4166-7461 vglenn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4166-7461","contributorId":2354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Victoria","email":"vglenn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kieta, Kristen A. kkieta@usgs.gov","contributorId":5524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kieta","given":"Kristen","email":"kkieta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":487985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70071899,"text":"fs20133041 - 2014 - Arkansas StreamStats: a U.S. Geological Survey web map application for basin characteristics and streamflow statistics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-11T08:33:46","indexId":"fs20133041","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-05T11:08:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3041","title":"Arkansas StreamStats: a U.S. Geological Survey web map application for basin characteristics and streamflow statistics","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) provides streamflow and other related information needed by water-resource managers responsible for protecting people and property from floods, planning and managing water-resource activities, and protecting water quality. Streamflow statistics provided by the USGS, such as the 1-percent annual exceedance probability (100-year flood) and the 7-day 10-year low flow, are frequently used by engineers, flood forecasters, land managers, biologists, and others to guide their everyday decisions. Additionally, resource managers often need to know basin characteristics, the physical and climatic characteristics of a drainage basin, to help understand the mechanisms that control water availability, water quality, and aquatic habitats at various locations.</p>\n<p>Users of streamflow information often require streamflow statistics and basin characteristics at various locations along a stream. The USGS periodically calculates and publishes streamflow statistics and basin characteristics for streamflowgaging stations and partial-record stations, but these data commonly are scattered among many reports that may or may not be readily available to the public. The USGS also provides and periodically updates regional analyses of streamflow statistics that include regression equations and other prediction methods for estimating statistics for ungaged and unregulated streams across the State. Use of these regional predictions for a stream can be complex and often requires the user to determine a number of basin characteristics that may require interpretation. Basin characteristics may include drainage area, classifiers for physical properties, climatic characteristics, and other inputs. Obtaining these input values for gaged and ungaged locations traditionally has been time consuming, subjective, and can lead to inconsistent results.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133041","usgsCitation":"Pugh, A., 2014, Arkansas StreamStats: a U.S. Geological Survey web map application for basin characteristics and streamflow statistics: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3041, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133041.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-046169","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282009,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133041.jpg"},{"id":282008,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3041"},{"id":282011,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3041/pdf/fs2013-3041.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.6179,33.0041 ], [ -94.6179,36.4997 ], [ -89.6468,36.4997 ], [ -89.6468,33.0041 ], [ -94.6179,33.0041 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4debe4b0b290850f1c9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pugh, Aaron L. apugh@usgs.gov","contributorId":2480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pugh","given":"Aaron L.","email":"apugh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70059052,"text":"sir20135233 - 2014 - Estimation of potential scour at bridges on local government roads in South Dakota, 2009-12","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-12T20:13:49","indexId":"sir20135233","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-04T10:38:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5233","title":"Estimation of potential scour at bridges on local government roads in South Dakota, 2009-12","docAbstract":"<p>In 2009, the U.S. Geological Survey and South Dakota Department of Transportation (SDDOT) began a study to estimate potential scour at selected bridges on local government (county, township, and municipal) roads in South Dakota. A rapid scour-estimation method (level-1.5) and a more detailed method (level-2) were used to develop estimates of contraction, abutment, and pier scour.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Data from 41 level-2 analyses completed for this study were combined with data from level-2 analyses completed in previous studies to develop new South Dakota-specific regression equations: four regional equations for main-channel velocity at the bridge contraction to account for the widely varying stream conditions within South Dakota, and one equation for head change. Velocity data from streamgages also were used in the regression for average velocity through the bridge contraction.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Using these new regression equations, scour analyses were completed using the level-1.5 method on 361 bridges on local government roads. Typically, level-1.5 analyses are completed at flows estimated to have annual exceedance probabilities of 1 percent (100-year flood) and 0.2 percent (500-year flood); however, at some sites the bridge would not pass these flows. A level-1.5 analysis was then completed at the flow expected to produce the maximum scour. Data presented for level-1.5 scour analyses at the 361 bridges include contraction, abutment, and pier scour. Estimates of potential contraction scour ranged from 0 to 32.5 feet for the various flows evaluated. Estimated potential abutment scour ranged from 0 to 40.9 feet for left abutments, and from 0 to 37.7 feet for right abutments. Pier scour values ranged from 2.7 to 31.6 feet. The scour depth estimates provided in this report can be used by the SDDOT to compare with foundation depths at each bridge to determine if abutments or piers are at risk of being undermined by scour at the flows evaluated.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Replicate analyses were completed at 24 of the 361 bridges to provide quality-assurance/quality-control measures for the level-1.5 scour estimates. An attempt was made to use the same flows among replicate analyses. Scour estimates do not necessarily have to be in numerical agreement to give the same results. For example, if contraction scour replicate analyses are 18.8 and 30.8 feet, both scour depths can indicate susceptibility to scour for which countermeasures may be needed, even though one number is much greater than the other number. Contraction scour has perhaps the greatest potential for being estimated differently in replicate visits. For contraction scour estimates at the various flows analyzed, differences between results ranged from -7.8 to 5.5 feet, with a median difference of 0.4 foot and an average difference of 0.2 foot. Abutment scour appeared to be nearly as reproducible as contraction scour. For abutment scour estimates at the varying flows analyzed, differences between results ranged from -17.4 to 11 feet, with a median difference of 1.4 feet and an average difference of 1.7 feet. Estimates of pier scour tended to be the most consistently reproduced in replicate visits, with differences between results ranging from -0.3 to 0.5 foot, with a median difference of 0.0 foot and an average difference of 0.0 foot.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Hydraulics Engineering Center River Analysis Systems (HEC-RAS) software package was used to model stream hydraulics at the 41 sites with level-2 analyses. Level-1.5 analyses also were completed at these sites, and the performance of the level-1.5 method was assessed by comparing results to those from the more rigorous level-2 method. The envelope curve approach used in the level-1.5 method is designed to overestimate scour relative to the estimate from the level-2 scour analysis. In cases where the level-1.5 method estimated less scour than the level-2 method, the amount of underestimation generally was less than 3 feet. The level-1.5 method generally overestimated contraction, abutment, and pier scour relative to the level-2 method, as intended. Although the level-1.5 method is designed to overestimate scour relative to more involved analysis methods, many assumptions, uncertainties, and estimations are involved. If the envelope curves are adjusted such that the level-1.5 method never underestimates scour relative to the level-2 method, an accompanying result may be excessive overestimation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135233","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Dakota Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Thompson, R.F., Wattier, C.M., Liggett, R.R., and Truax, R.A., 2014, Estimation of potential scour at bridges on local government roads in South Dakota, 2009-12: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5233, Report: vi, 24 p.; 4 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135233.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 24 p.; 4 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-044841","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281954,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135233.jpg"},{"id":281953,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5233/downloads/Appendix_4.xls"},{"id":281950,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5233/"},{"id":281951,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5233/downloads/Appendix2"},{"id":281952,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5233/downloads/Appendix_3.xls"},{"id":281955,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5233/pdf/sir2013-5233.pdf"},{"id":281956,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5233/downloads/Appendix_1.xls"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.73,42.24 ], [ -104.73,46.19 ], [ -95.99,46.19 ], [ -95.99,42.24 ], [ -104.73,42.24 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5825e4b0b290850f7e91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Ryan F. 0000-0002-4544-6108 rcthomps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4544-6108","contributorId":2702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Ryan","email":"rcthomps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wattier, Chelsea M.","contributorId":7993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wattier","given":"Chelsea","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liggett, Richard R.","contributorId":73105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liggett","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Truax, Ryan A.","contributorId":63305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Truax","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70058700,"text":"70058700 - 2014 - Variables that affect agricultural chemicals in groundwater in Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-05T10:05:21","indexId":"70058700","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-02T13:20:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variables that affect agricultural chemicals in groundwater in Nebraska","docAbstract":"Agricultural chemicals from nonpoint\nsources in groundwater are present in the major provinces\nof the High Plains aquifer in Nebraska. Nitrate and\ntriazine-herbicide concentrations in groundwater were\nassessed to establish preliminary relations between these\nconstituents and selected hydrogeologic, climatic, and\nland-use variables. Also, macropore flow paths were\nmeasured in an attempt to delineate their contribution\nto non-point source pollution from the study areas.\nWater from 82 wells in six study areas was analyzed\nfor nitrate; water from 57 of the 82 wells was analyzed\nfor triazine herbicides. Twenty-one independent variables\nwere identified that could potentially affect chemical\nconcentrations in groundwater. Data for 9 of 21\nindependent variables suspected of affecting concentrations\nof nitrate and triazine herbicides in groundwater\nwere collected from the well sites. The nine variables\nand their measured ranges were hydraulic gradient,\n0.0006–0.0053; hydraulic conductivity, 1.5–45.4 m\n(5–149 ft) per day; specific discharge, 0.004–0.091 m\n(0.0128–0.2998 ft) per day; depth to water, 0.91–76 m\n(3–250 ft); well depth, 12–168 m (40–550 ft); annual\nprecipitation, 30–100 cm (12.0–39.3 in.); soil permeability,\n1.9–23 cm (0.76–9.0 in.); irrigation-well density,\n0–8 irrigation wells per 2.59 km<sup>2</sup> (1 square mile); and\nannual nitrogen fertilizer use, 0–118 kg (0–260 lb) of\nnitrogen per acre. Macropore flow is listed in percent,\naverage per study area based on determinations from\ndye studies. In this instance, macropore flow is used to\nalso entail preferential flow paths. Nitrate concentrations\nranged from 0.1 to 45 mgL<sup>−1</sup>. Triazine-herbicide concentrations\nwere detected in samples from five of the six\nstudy areas in concentrations ranging from 0.1 to\n2.3 μL<sup>−1</sup>. Analysis indicated that there were significant\ndifferences in nitrate concentrations (averages-at 95 %\nconfidence level using Kendall Test) among the six\nstudy areas; no significant differences in triazineherbicide\nconcentrations were found. Concentrations\nof nitrate and triazine herbicide were determined (using\ncontingency-table analysis), to be significantly larger in\nmore intensively irrigated areas compared to less intensively\nirrigated areas. Preliminary correlations with the\nindependent variables and nitrate concentrations indicated\nsignificant relations at the 95%confidence level with\nvariables hydraulic conductivity, well depth, and irrigation\nwell density. Correlations with triazine-herbicide\nconcentrations indicated significant relations with hydraulic\nconductivity, specific discharge, well depth, annual\nprecipitation, and irrigation well density, as well as\nnitrate concentrations. Simple multiple-regression technique\nindicated that well depth and density and fertilizer\nuse explained about 51 % of the variation in nitrate\nconcentrations. Specific discharge and well depth explained\nabout 60 % of the variation in triazine-herbicide\nconcentrations. Macropore flow paths and specific discharge\nexplained 84 % of the total variation in triazineherbicide\nconcentrations. The use of trade names in this\nreport is for identification purposes only and does not\nconstitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11270-013-1862-0","usgsCitation":"Tindall, J.A., and Chen, A., 2014, Variables that affect agricultural chemicals in groundwater in Nebraska: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 255, no. 1862, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-013-1862-0.","productDescription":"18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-051590","costCenters":[{"id":435,"text":"National Research Program - Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281991,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281990,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-013-1862-0"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.0535,39.9999 ], [ -104.0535,43.0017 ], [ -95.3083,43.0017 ], [ -95.3083,39.9999 ], [ -104.0535,39.9999 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"255","issue":"1862","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351706de4b05569d805a439","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tindall, James A. 0000-0002-0940-1586 jtindall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-1586","contributorId":2529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tindall","given":"James","email":"jtindall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, Abraham","contributorId":73918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Abraham","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70058636,"text":"sir20135228 - 2014 - Simulation of groundwater flow in the Edwards-Trinity and related aquifers in the Pecos County region, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T12:36:54","indexId":"sir20135228","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T13:28:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5228","title":"Simulation of groundwater flow in the Edwards-Trinity and related aquifers in the Pecos County region, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>The Edwards-Trinity aquifer is a vital groundwater resource for agricultural, industrial, and public supply uses in the Pecos County region of western Texas. The U.S. Geological Survey completed a comprehensive, integrated analysis of available hydrogeologic data to develop a numerical groundwater-flow model of the Edwards-Trinity and related aquifers in the study area in parts of Brewster, Jeff Davis, Pecos, and Reeves Counties. The active model area covers about 3,400 square miles of the Pecos County region of Texas west of the Pecos River, and its boundaries were defined to include the saturated areas of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer. The model is a five-layer representation of the Pecos Valley, Edwards-Trinity, Dockum, and Rustler aquifers. The Pecos Valley aquifer is referred to as the alluvial layer, and the Edwards-Trinity aquifer is divided into layers representing the Edwards part of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer and the Trinity part of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer, respectively. The calibration period of the simulation extends from 1940 to 2010. Simulated hydraulic heads generally were in good agreement with observed values; 1,684 out of 2,860 (59 percent) of the simulated values were within 25 feet of the observed value. The average root mean square error value of hydraulic head for the Edwards-Trinity aquifer was 34.2 feet, which was approximately 4 percent of the average total observed change in groundwater-level altitude (groundwater level). Simulated spring flow representing Comanche Springs exhibits a pattern similar to observed spring flow. Independent geochemical modeling corroborates results of simulated groundwater flow that indicates groundwater in the Edwards-Trinity aquifer in the Leon-Belding and Fort Stockton areas is a mixture of recharge from the Barilla and Davis Mountains and groundwater that has upwelled from the Rustler aquifer.</p>\n<p>The model was used to simulate groundwater-level altitudes resulting from prolonged pumping to evaluate sustainability of current and projected water-use demands. Each of three scenarios utilized a continuation of the calibrated model. Scenario 1 extended recent (2008) irrigation and nonirrigation pumping values for a 30-year period from 2010 to 2040. Projected groundwater-level changes in and around the Fort Stockton area under scenario 1 change little from current conditions, indicating that the groundwater system is near equilibrium with respect to recent (2008) pumping stress. Projected groundwater-level declines in the eastern part of the model area ranging from 5.0 to 15.0 feet are likely the result of nonequilibrium conditions associated with recent increases in pumping after a prolonged water-level recovery period of little or no pumping. Projected groundwater-level declines (from 15.0 to 31.0 feet) occurred in localized areas by the end of scenario 1 in the Leon-Belding area. Scenario 2 evaluated the effects of extended recent (2008) pumping rates as assigned in scenario 1 with year-round maximum permitted pumping rates in the Belding area. Results of scenario 2 are similar in water-level decline and extent as those of scenario 1. The extent of the projected groundwater-level decline in the range from 5.0 to 15.0 feet in the Leon-Belding irrigation area expanded slightly (about a 2-percent increase) from that of scenario 1. Maximum projected groundwater-level declines in the Leon-Belding irrigation area were approximately 31.3 feet in small isolated areas. Scenario 3 evaluated the effects of periodic increases in pumping rates over the 30-year extended period. Results of scenario 3 are similar to those of scenario 2 in terms of the areas of groundwater-level decline; however, the maximum projected groundwater-level decline increased to approximately 34.5 feet in the Leon-Belding area, and the extent of the decline was larger in area (about a 17-percent increase) than that of scenario 2. Additionally, the area of projected groundwater-level declines in the eastern part of the model area increased from that of scenario 2&mdash;two individual areas of decline coalesced into one larger area. The localized nature of the projected groundwater-level declines is a reflection of the high degree of fractured control on storage and hydraulic conductivity in the Edwards-Trinity aquifer. Additionally, the finding that simulated spring flow is highly dependent on the transient nature of hydraulic heads in the underlying aquifer indicates the importance of adequately understanding and characterizing the entire groundwater system.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135228","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Middle Pecos Groundwater Conservation District, Pecos County, City of Fort Stockton, Brewster County, and Pecos County Water Control and Improvement District No. 1","usgsCitation":"Clark, B.R., Bumgarner, J.R., Houston, N.A., and Foster, A.L., 2014, Simulation of groundwater flow in the Edwards-Trinity and related aquifers in the Pecos County region, Texas (First posted February 14, 2014; Revised and reposted August 5, 2014, version 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5228, viii, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135228.","productDescription":"viii, 55 p.","numberOfPages":"67","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052736","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282423,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135228.jpg"},{"id":282420,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5228/pdf/sir2013-5228.pdf"},{"id":282422,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5228/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Pecos County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.5,30.5 ], [ -104.5,31.5 ], [ -101.5,31.5 ], [ -101.5,30.5 ], [ -104.5,30.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"First posted February 14, 2014; Revised and reposted August 5, 2014, version 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e3414ae4b0567f2770196a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Brian R. 0000-0001-6611-3807 brclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6611-3807","contributorId":1502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Brian","email":"brclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bumgarner, Johnathan R. jbumgarner@usgs.gov","contributorId":5378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bumgarner","given":"Johnathan","email":"jbumgarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":487214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Houston, Natalie A. 0000-0002-6071-4545 nhouston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-4545","contributorId":1682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houston","given":"Natalie","email":"nhouston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foster, Adam L.","contributorId":28944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70059286,"text":"ds810 - 2014 - Compilation of hydrologic data for White Sands pupfish habitat and nonhabitat areas, northern Tularosa Basin, White Sands Missile Range and Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico, 1911-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-31T14:55:56","indexId":"ds810","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-31T14:42:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"810","title":"Compilation of hydrologic data for White Sands pupfish habitat and nonhabitat areas, northern Tularosa Basin, White Sands Missile Range and Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico, 1911-2008","docAbstract":"<p>The White Sands pupfish (<i>Cyprinodon tularosa</i>), listed as threatened by the State of New Mexico and as a Federal species of concern, is endemic to the Tularosa Basin, New Mexico. Because water quality can affect pupfish and the environmental conditions of their habitat, a comprehensive compilation of hydrologic data for pupfish habitat and nonhabitat areas in the northern Tularosa Basin was undertaken by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with White Sands Missile Range.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The four locations within the Tularosa Basin that are known pupfish habitat areas are the Salt Creek, Malpais Spring and Malpais Salt Marsh, Main Mound Spring, and Lost River habitat areas. Streamflow data from the Salt Creek near Tularosa streamflow-gaging station indicated that the average annual mean streamflow and average annual total streamflow for water years 1995–2008 were 1.35 cubic feet per second (ft<sup>3</sup>/s) and 983 acre-feet, respectively. Periods of no flow were observed in water years 2002 through 2006. Dissolved-solids concentrations in Salt Creek samples collected from 1911 through 2007 ranged from 2,290 to 66,700 milligrams per liter (mg/L).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The average annual mean streamflow and average annual total streamflow at the Malpais Spring near Oscura streamflow-gaging station for water years 2003–8 were 6.81 ft<sup>3</sup>/s and 584 acre-feet, respectively. Dissolved-solids concentrations for 16 Malpais Spring samples ranged from 3,882 to 5,500 mg/L. Isotopic data for a Malpais Spring near Oscura water sample collected in 1982 indicated that the water was more than 27,900 years old.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Streamflow from Main Mound Spring was estimated at 0.007 ft<sup>3</sup>/s in 1955 and 1957 and ranged from 0.02 to 0.07 ft<sup>3</sup>/s from 1996 to 2001. Dissolved-solids concentrations in samples collected between 1955 and 2007 ranged from an estimated 3,760 to 4,240 mg/L in the upper pond and 4,840 to 5,120 mg/L in the lower pond. Isotopic data for a Main Mound Spring water sample collected in 1982 indicated that the water was about 19,600 years old.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Dissolved-solids concentrations of Lost River samples collected from 1984 to 1999 ranged from 8,930 to 118,000 (estimated) mg/L.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Dissolved-solids concentrations in samples from nonhabitat area sites ranged from 1,740 to 54,200 (estimated) mg/L. In general, water collected from pupfish nonhabitat area sites tends to have larger proportions of calcium, magnesium, and sulfate than water from pupfish habitat area sites. Water from springs associated with mounds in pupfish nonhabitat areas was of a similar type (calcium-sulfate) to water associated with mounds in pupfish habitat areas. Alkali Spring had a sodium-chloride water type, but the proportions of sodium-chloride and magnesium-sulfate are unique as compared to samples from other sites.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds810","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with White Sands Missile Range","usgsCitation":"Naus, C., Myers, R.G., Saleh, D., and Myers, N.C., 2014, Compilation of hydrologic data for White Sands pupfish habitat and nonhabitat areas, northern Tularosa Basin, White Sands Missile Range and Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico, 1911-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 810, Report: v, 35 p.; 2 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds810.","productDescription":"Report: v, 35 p.; 2 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1911-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-014607","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281855,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/810/"},{"id":281856,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/810/pdf/ds810.pdf"},{"id":281857,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/810/downloads/ds810_appendix1.pdf"},{"id":281866,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds810.jpg"},{"id":281858,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/810/downloads/ds810_appendix2.xlsx"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Lost River;Main Mound Spring;Malpais Salt Marsh;Malpais Spring;Salt Creek;Tularosa Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.6056,31.241 ], [ -107.6056,34.289 ], [ -105.3836,34.289 ], [ -105.3836,31.241 ], [ -107.6056,31.241 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd522fe4b0b290850f45e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naus, C.A.","contributorId":47693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naus","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Myers, R. G.","contributorId":30642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saleh, D.K. 0000-0002-1406-9303","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1406-9303","contributorId":82748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saleh","given":"D.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Myers, N. C.","contributorId":13622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}