Lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis and cisco Coregonus artedi are salmonid fishes native to the Laurentian Great Lakes that spawn on rocky substrates in the fall and early winter. After comparing the locations of spawning habitat for these species in the main basin of Lake Huron with surficial substrates and the hypothesized locations of fast-flowing Late Wisconsinan paleo-ice streams, we hypothesize that much of the spawning habitat for these species in Lake Huron is the result of deposition and erosion by paleo-ice streams. This hypothesis may represent a new framework for the identification and protection of spawning habitat for these native species, some of which are currently rare or extirpated in some of the Great Lakes. We further suggest that paleo-ice streams may have been responsible for the creation of native salmonid spawning habitat elsewhere in the Great Lakes and in other glaciated landscapes.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","doi":"10.1111/faf.12173","usgsCitation":"Riley, S., Binder, T., Tucker, T.R., Menzies, J., Eyles, N., Janssen, J., Muir, A., Esselman, P.C., Wattrus, N.J., and Krueger, C., 2016, Islands in the ice stream: were spawning habitats for native salmonids in the Great Lakes created by paleo-ice streams?: Fish and Fisheries, v. 18, no. 2, p. 347-359, https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12173.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"347","endPage":"359","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-072780","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325236,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Huron","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.83642578125,\n 42.84375132629021\n ],\n [\n -84.83642578125,\n 46.11894150610708\n ],\n [\n -81.123046875,\n 46.11894150610708\n ],\n [\n -81.123046875,\n 42.84375132629021\n ],\n [\n -84.83642578125,\n 42.84375132629021\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5788a99be4b0d27deb3813c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riley, Stephen 0000-0002-8968-8416 sriley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8968-8416","contributorId":169479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riley","given":"Stephen","email":"sriley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Binder, Thomas R.","contributorId":23056,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Binder","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":7019,"text":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tucker, Taaja R. 0000-0003-1534-4677 trtucker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1534-4677","contributorId":5172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"Taaja","email":"trtucker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Menzies, John","contributorId":150901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Menzies","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18134,"text":"Brock University (Ontario, Canada)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eyles, Nick","contributorId":169483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eyles","given":"Nick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7044,"text":"University of Toronto","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Janssen, John","contributorId":52543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janssen","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Muir, Andrew M.","contributorId":103933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muir","given":"Andrew M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Esselman, Peter C. 0000-0002-0085-903X pesselman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0085-903X","contributorId":5965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esselman","given":"Peter","email":"pesselman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wattrus, Nigel J.","contributorId":150900,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wattrus","given":"Nigel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6915,"text":"University of Minnesota - 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Within this framework, explicit attention is given to species detection probabilities estimated from replicate surveys to sample units. A central assumption is that replicate surveys are independent Bernoulli trials, but this assumption becomes untenable when ecologists serially deploy remote cameras and acoustic recording devices over days and weeks to survey rare and elusive animals. Proposed solutions involve modifying the detection-level component of the model (e.g., first-order Markov covariate). Evaluating whether a model sufficiently accounts for correlation is imperative, but clear guidance for practitioners is lacking. Currently, an omnibus goodnessof- fit test using a chi-square discrepancy measure on unique detection histories is available for occupancy models (MacKenzie and Bailey, Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics, 9, 2004, 300; hereafter, MacKenzie– Bailey test). We propose a join count summary measure adapted from spatial statistics to directly assess correlation after fitting a model. We motivate our work with a dataset of multinight bat call recordings from a pilot study for the North American Bat Monitoring Program. We found in simulations that our join count test was more reliable than the MacKenzie–Bailey test for detecting inadequacy of a model that assumed independence, particularly when serial correlation was low to moderate. A model that included a Markov-structured detection-level covariate produced unbiased occupancy estimates except in the presence of strong serial correlation and a revisit design consisting only of temporal replicates. When applied to two common bat species, our approach illustrates that sophisticated models do not guarantee adequate fit to real data, underscoring the importance of model assessment. Our join count test provides a widely applicable goodness-of-fit test and specifically evaluates occupancy model lack of fit related to correlation among detections within a sample unit. Our diagnostic tool is available for practitioners that serially deploy survey equipment as a way to achieve cost savings.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.2292","usgsCitation":"Wright, W., Irvine, K.M., and Rodhouse, T., 2016, A goodness-of-fit test for occupancy models with correlated within-season revisits: Ecology and Evolution, v. 6, no. 15, p. 5404-5415, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2292.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"5404","endPage":"5415","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-072344","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2292","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324896,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":324890,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.2292/full"}],"volume":"6","issue":"15","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5780ceaee4b0811616822292","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/ece3.2292","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2292","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Wright Wilson J., Irvine Kathryn M., Rodhouse Thomas J.","journalName":"Ecology and Evolution","publicationDate":"7/5/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Wilson","contributorId":172748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wright","given":"Wilson","affiliations":[{"id":5120,"text":"Montana State University, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Bozeman, MT 59717","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irvine, Kathryn M. 0000-0002-6426-940X kirvine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6426-940X","contributorId":2218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irvine","given":"Kathryn","email":"kirvine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rodhouse, Thomas J.","contributorId":127378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodhouse","given":"Thomas J.","affiliations":[{"id":6924,"text":"National Park Service, Upper Columbia Basin Network","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187246,"text":"70187246 - 2016 - Ungulate browsers promote herbaceous layer diversity in logged temperate forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-28T13:19:54","indexId":"70187246","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ungulate browsers promote herbaceous layer diversity in logged temperate forests","docAbstract":"Ungulates are leading drivers of plant communities worldwide, with impacts linked to animal density, disturbance and vegetation structure, and site productivity. Many ecosystems have more than one ungulate species; however, few studies have specifically examined the combined effects of two or more species on plant communities. We examined the extent to which two ungulate browsers (moose [Alces americanus]) and white-tailed deer [Odocoileus virginianus]) have additive (compounding) or compensatory (opposing) effects on herbaceous layer composition and diversity, 5–6 years after timber harvest in Massachusetts, USA. We established three combinations of ungulates using two types of fenced exclosures – none (full exclosure), deer (partial exclosure), and deer + moose (control) in six replicated blocks. Species composition diverged among browser treatments, and changes were generally additive. Plant assemblages characteristic of closed canopy forests were less abundant and assemblages characteristic of open/disturbed habitats were more abundant in deer + moose plots compared with ungulate excluded areas. Browsing by deer + moose resulted in greater herbaceous species richness at the plot scale (169 m2) and greater woody species richness at the subplot scale (1 m2) than ungulate exclusion and deer alone. Browsing by deer + moose resulted in strong changes to the composition, structure, and diversity of forest herbaceous layers, relative to areas free of ungulates and areas browed by white-tailed deer alone. Our results provide evidence that moderate browsing in forest openings can promote both herbaceous and woody plant diversity. These results are consistent with the classic grazing-species richness curve, but have rarely been documented in forests.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.2223","usgsCitation":"Faison, E.K., DeStefano, S., Foster, D., Motzkin, G., and Rapp, J., 2016, Ungulate browsers promote herbaceous layer diversity in logged temperate forests: Ecology and Evolution, v. 6, no. 13, p. 4591-4602, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2223.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"4591","endPage":"4602","ipdsId":"IP-069428","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470795,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2223","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340616,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"13","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"590454a4e4b022cee40dc23a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faison, Edward K.","contributorId":191559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faison","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeStefano, Stephen 0000-0003-2472-8373 destef@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2472-8373","contributorId":166706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeStefano","given":"Stephen","email":"destef@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":693104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foster, David R.","contributorId":149881,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foster","given":"David R.","affiliations":[{"id":16810,"text":"Harvard Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Motzkin, Glenn","contributorId":191567,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Motzkin","given":"Glenn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rapp, Josh","contributorId":79757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rapp","given":"Josh","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70170855,"text":"70170855 - 2016 - Rare Earths, 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-01T11:26:22","indexId":"70170855","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rare Earths, 2015","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Mining, Metallurgy, & Exploration","usgsCitation":"Gambogi, J., 2016, Rare Earths, 2015: Mining Engineering, v. 68, no. 7, p. 30-30.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075653","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324725,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":320986,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?preview=1&articleID=6675&page=30"}],"volume":"68","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57778628e4b07dd077c878ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gambogi, Joseph 0000-0002-5719-2280 jgambogi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5719-2280","contributorId":4424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gambogi","given":"Joseph","email":"jgambogi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":628831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70178031,"text":"70178031 - 2016 - Climate change effects on North American inland fish populations and assemblages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-28T14:37:12","indexId":"70178031","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate change effects on North American inland fish populations and assemblages","docAbstract":"Climate is a critical driver of many fish populations, assemblages, and aquatic communities. However, direct observational studies of climate change impacts on North American inland fishes are rare. In this synthesis, we (1) summarize climate trends that may influence North American inland fish populations and assemblages, (2) compile 31 peer-reviewed studies of documented climate change effects on North American inland fish populations and assemblages, and (3) highlight four case studies representing a variety of observed responses ranging from warmwater systems in the southwestern and southeastern United States to coldwater systems along the Pacific Coast and Canadian Shield. We conclude by identifying key data gaps and research needs to inform adaptive, ecosystem-based approaches to managing North American inland fishes and fisheries in a changing climate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Abingdon, England","doi":"10.1080/03632415.2016.1186016","usgsCitation":"Lynch, A.J., Myers, B., Chu, C., Eby, L.A., Falke, J.A., Kovach, R.P., Krabbenhoft, T.J., Kwak, T.J., Lyons, J., Paukert, C.P., and Whitney, J.E., 2016, Climate change effects on North American inland fish populations and assemblages: Fisheries, v. 41, no. 7, p. 346-361, https://doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2016.1186016.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"346","endPage":"361","ipdsId":"IP-069905","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330627,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5819a9c3e4b0bb36a4c91021","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lynch, Abigail J. 0000-0001-8449-8392 ajlynch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8449-8392","contributorId":5645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"Abigail","email":"ajlynch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":652561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Myers, Bonnie 0000-0002-3170-2633 bjmyers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3170-2633","contributorId":176495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"Bonnie","email":"bjmyers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chu, Cindy","contributorId":176496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chu","given":"Cindy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eby, Lisa A.","contributorId":42910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eby","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Falke, Jeffrey A. 0000-0002-6670-8250 jfalke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6670-8250","contributorId":5195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falke","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jfalke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kovach, Ryan P. rkovach@usgs.gov","contributorId":5772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kovach","given":"Ryan","email":"rkovach@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":652566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, Trevor J.","contributorId":176498,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"Trevor","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kwak, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0616-137X tkwak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-137X","contributorId":834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwak","given":"Thomas","email":"tkwak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lyons, John","contributorId":176499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lyons","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7242,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, WI, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Paukert, Craig P. 0000-0002-9369-8545 cpaukert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-8545","contributorId":879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"Craig","email":"cpaukert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Whitney, James E.","contributorId":176500,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitney","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70159913,"text":"70159913 - 2016 - Rare earths: Market disruption, innovation, and global supply chains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-17T20:33:59.752908","indexId":"70159913","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-30T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5122,"text":"Environment and Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rare earths: Market disruption, innovation, and global supply chains","docAbstract":"Rare earths, sometimes called the vitamins of modern materials, captured public attention when their prices increased more than ten-fold in 2010 and 2011. As prices fell between 2011 and 2016, rare earths receded from public view—but less visibly they became a major focus of innovative activity in companies, government laboratories and universities. Geoscientists worked to better understand the resource base and improve our knowledge about mineral deposits that will be mines in the future. Process engineers carried out research that is making primary production and recycling more efficient. Materials scientists and engineers searched for substitutes that will require fewer or no rare earths while providing properties comparable or superior to those of existing materials. As a result, even though global supply chains are not significantly different now than they were before the market disruption, the innovative activity motivated by the disruption likely will have far-reaching, if unpredictable, consequences for supply chains of rare earths in the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"Annual Reviews","doi":"10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-085700","usgsCitation":"Eggert, R., Wadia, C., Anderson, C., Bauer, D., Fields, F., Meinert, L.D., and Taylor, P., 2016, Rare earths: Market disruption, innovation, and global supply chains: Environment and Resources, v. 41, p. 199-222, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-085700.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"222","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071063","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324688,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5776349de4b07dd077c829cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eggert, Roderick","contributorId":172613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eggert","given":"Roderick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wadia, Cyrus","contributorId":172614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wadia","given":"Cyrus","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Corby","contributorId":172615,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Corby","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bauer, Diana","contributorId":172616,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bauer","given":"Diana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fields, Fletcher","contributorId":172617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fields","given":"Fletcher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meinert, Lawrence D. lmeinert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meinert","given":"Lawrence","email":"lmeinert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Taylor, Patrick","contributorId":172618,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70168828,"text":"70168828 - 2016 - Predicting the stability of endangered stonecats in the LaPlatte River, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-02T15:02:18.422065","indexId":"70168828","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-29T17:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting the stability of endangered stonecats in the LaPlatte River, Vermont","docAbstract":"Stonecats Noturus flavus in Vermont conform to a rare distribution pattern (as designated by Rabinowitz 1981) because their known distribution within the state is limited to the LaPlatte and Missisquoi rivers. We focused on Stonecats in the LaPlatte River to predict the stability of the population. During 2012–2014, we captured Stonecats via backpack electrofishing; fish were PIT-tagged (>90 mm TL) and marked with visible implant elastomer. Among the 1,671 Stonecats that were captured, 1,252 were PIT-tagged. Only 156 (12%) of the PIT-tagged fish were recaptured, and only 22 of those individuals were recaptured more than once. The Pradel model in Program MARK was used to estimate apparent survival (Φ) and seniority, which were used to derive the rate of population change (λ) for the Stonecat encounter histories we studied. We examined a total of 64 models in our candidate set, with the following covariates: TL at first capture, maximum temperature, season, maximum discharge, and area sampled. Survival estimates were highest in the spring (range of daily Φ = 0.9993–0.9995) and increased with greater TL at first capture. We also estimated increases in capture probability with increasing area sampled. We derived an annual λ of 0.9794, which indicates a slightly decreasing population. However, our λ estimate contained uncertainty that was likely increased due to the low recapture rates. Additional years of data could increase the accuracy of the λ estimate. In the meantime, we have provided insight into Stonecat population parameters that were otherwise unknown.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2016.1167779","usgsCitation":"Puchala, E.A., Parrish, D.L., and Donovan, T., 2016, Predicting the stability of endangered stonecats in the LaPlatte River, Vermont: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 145, no. 4, p. 903-912, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2016.1167779.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"903","endPage":"912","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069044","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324657,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","otherGeospatial":"LaPlatte River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.21598052978516,\n 44.3795759047351\n ],\n [\n -73.21340560913086,\n 44.37564968766977\n ],\n [\n -73.21134567260742,\n 44.37123237879009\n ],\n [\n -73.21443557739258,\n 44.367305602292426\n ],\n [\n -73.20653915405273,\n 44.36632386703344\n ],\n [\n -73.20430755615234,\n 44.36632386703344\n ],\n [\n -73.20138931274414,\n 44.36546483518457\n ],\n [\n -73.19538116455078,\n 44.36202858181481\n ],\n [\n -73.1964111328125,\n 44.35859212688665\n ],\n [\n -73.19023132324219,\n 44.35834665810766\n ],\n [\n -73.18611145019531,\n 44.3587148608905\n ],\n [\n -73.17838668823242,\n 44.3587148608905\n ],\n [\n -73.17684173583984,\n 44.35662834786087\n ],\n [\n -73.17581176757812,\n 44.35159586369938\n ],\n [\n -73.17649841308594,\n 44.34791328441686\n ],\n [\n -73.17684173583984,\n 44.343984944818594\n ],\n [\n -73.17340850830078,\n 44.343248351836074\n ],\n [\n -73.17014694213867,\n 44.34435323783919\n ],\n [\n -73.16225051879883,\n 44.34300281878521\n ],\n [\n -73.15950393676758,\n 44.34337111797587\n ],\n [\n -73.15023422241211,\n 44.344476001665214\n ],\n [\n -73.14525604248047,\n 44.34435323783919\n ],\n [\n -73.14250946044922,\n 44.34288005187414\n ],\n [\n -73.1224250793457,\n 44.337478053272804\n ],\n [\n -73.1198501586914,\n 44.33477686732845\n ],\n [\n -73.12105178833008,\n 44.331216023015294\n ],\n [\n -73.125,\n 44.328882938821394\n ],\n [\n -73.13203811645508,\n 44.32851454862283\n ],\n [\n -73.14422607421875,\n 44.332689502057086\n ],\n [\n -73.15229415893555,\n 44.332689502057086\n ],\n [\n -73.16413879394531,\n 44.33158439624637\n ],\n [\n -73.17255020141602,\n 44.3329350782982\n ],\n [\n -73.18525314331055,\n 44.33465408319267\n ],\n [\n -73.18902969360352,\n 44.338337495433734\n ],\n [\n -73.18937301635742,\n 44.34668570657191\n ],\n [\n -73.18937301635742,\n 44.35049111420936\n ],\n [\n -73.20602416992188,\n 44.35257784576407\n ],\n [\n -73.20791244506836,\n 44.35797845301104\n ],\n [\n -73.21512222290038,\n 44.358837594637265\n ],\n [\n -73.22233200073242,\n 44.3584693926257\n ],\n [\n -73.22593688964844,\n 44.36092402899763\n ],\n [\n -73.22559356689453,\n 44.36914631155484\n ],\n [\n -73.22628021240234,\n 44.37270485210456\n ],\n [\n -73.22851181030273,\n 44.37614047920012\n ],\n [\n -73.2297134399414,\n 44.37982128456053\n ],\n [\n -73.23022842407227,\n 44.38313381155159\n ],\n [\n -73.22851181030273,\n 44.38583276904476\n ],\n [\n -73.22507858276367,\n 44.38656882676517\n ],\n [\n -73.22319030761719,\n 44.38693685215458\n ],\n [\n -73.21701049804688,\n 44.38436062583777\n ],\n [\n -73.21598052978516,\n 44.3795759047351\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"145","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774e34ae4b07dd077c5fcda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Puchala, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":38862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puchala","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parrish, Donna L. 0000-0001-9693-6329 dparrish@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9693-6329","contributorId":138661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"Donna","email":"dparrish@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Donovan, Therese M. tdonovan@usgs.gov","contributorId":2653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"Therese M.","email":"tdonovan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":641375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70174059,"text":"70174059 - 2016 - Pre/post-closure assessment of groundwater pharmaceutical fate in a wastewater‑facility-impacted stream reach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:08:00","indexId":"70174059","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-27T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pre/post-closure assessment of groundwater pharmaceutical fate in a wastewater‑facility-impacted stream reach","docAbstract":"Pharmaceutical contamination of contiguous groundwater is a substantial concern in wastewater-impacted streams, due to ubiquity in effluent, high aqueous mobility, designed bioactivity, and to effluent-driven hydraulic gradients. Wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) closures are rare environmental remediation events; offering unique insights into contaminant persistence, long-term wastewater impacts, and ecosystem recovery processes. The USGS conducted a combined pre/post-closure groundwater assessment adjacent to an effluent-impacted reach of Fourmile Creek, Ankeny, Iowa, USA. Higher surface-water concentrations, consistent surface-water to groundwater concentration gradients, and sustained groundwater detections tens of meters from the stream bank demonstrated the importance of WWTF effluent as the source of groundwater pharmaceuticals as well as the persistence of these contaminants under effluent-driven, pre-closure conditions. The number of analytes (110 total) detected in surface water decreased from 69 prior to closure down to 8 in the first post-closure sampling event approximately 30 d later, with a corresponding 2 order of magnitude decrease in the cumulative concentration of detected analytes. Post-closure cumulative concentrations of detected analytes were approximately 5 times higher in proximal groundwater than in surface water. About 40% of the 21 contaminants detected in a downstream groundwater transect immediately before WWTF closure exhibited rapid attenuation with estimated half-lives on the order of a few days; however, a comparable number exhibited no consistent attenuation during the year-long post-closure assessment. The results demonstrate the potential for effluent-impacted shallow groundwater systems to accumulate pharmaceutical contaminants and serve as long-term residual sources, further increasing the risk of adverse ecological effects in groundwater and the near-stream ecosystem.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.104","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P.M., Barber, L.B., Clark, J.M., Duris, J.W., Foreman, W., Furlong, E.T., Givens, C.E., Hubbard, L.E., Hutchinson, K.J., Journey, C.A., Keefe, S.H., and Kolpin, D.W., 2016, Pre/post-closure assessment of groundwater pharmaceutical fate in a wastewater‑facility-impacted stream reach: Science of the Total Environment, v. 568, p. 916-925, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.104.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"916","endPage":"925","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069485","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470833,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.104","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324408,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","county":"Ankeny","otherGeospatial":"Fourmile Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.61347198486328,\n 41.761196772309965\n ],\n [\n -93.61347198486328,\n 41.79172868968446\n ],\n [\n -93.5866928100586,\n 41.79172868968446\n ],\n [\n -93.5866928100586,\n 41.761196772309965\n ],\n [\n -93.61347198486328,\n 41.761196772309965\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"568","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57724022e4b07657d1a7939b","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.104","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.104","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Bradley Paul M., Barber Larry B., Clark Jimmy M., Duris Joseph W., Foreman William T., Furlong Edward T., Givens Carrie E., Hubbard Laura E., Hutchinson Kasey J., Journey Celeste A., Keefe Steffanie H., Kolpin Dana W.","journalName":"Science of The Total Environment","publicationDate":"10/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Jimmy M. 0000-0002-3138-5738 jmclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3138-5738","contributorId":4773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Jimmy","email":"jmclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duris, Joseph W. 0000-0002-8669-8109 jwduris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8669-8109","contributorId":172426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duris","given":"Joseph","email":"jwduris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":640746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Foreman, William T. 0000-0002-2530-3310 wforeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2530-3310","contributorId":169108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"William T. 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However, this state can only be observed directly within sparse boreholes or inferred conclusively from the presence of subglacial lakes. Here we synthesize spatially extensive inferences of the basal thermal state of the Greenland Ice Sheet to better constrain this state. Existing inferences include outputs from the eight thermomechanical ice-flow models included in the SeaRISE effort. New remote-sensing inferences of the basal thermal state are derived from Holocene radiostratigraphy, modern surface velocity and MODIS imagery. Both thermomechanical modeling and remote inferences generally agree that the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream and large portions of the southwestern ice-drainage systems are thawed at the bed, whereas the bed beneath the central ice divides, particularly their west-facing slopes, is frozen. Elsewhere, there is poor agreement regarding the basal thermal state. Both models and remote inferences rarely represent the borehole-observed basal thermal state accurately near NorthGRIP and DYE-3. This synthesis identifies a large portion of the Greenland Ice Sheet (about one third by area) where additional observations would most improve knowledge of its overall basal thermal state.
","language":"English","publisher":"Americal Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015JF003803","usgsCitation":"MacGregor, J.A., Fahnestock, M.A., Catania, G.A., Aschwanden, A., Clow, G.D., Colgan, W.T., Gogineni, P.S., Morlighem, M., Nowicki, S.M., Paden, J.D., Price, S., and Seroussi, H., 2016, A synthesis of the basal thermal state of the Greenland Ice Sheet: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 121, no. 7, p. 1328-1350, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JF003803.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1328","endPage":"1350","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071124","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470835,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jf003803","text":"Publisher Index 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Kansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":640776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Price, Stephen F.","contributorId":169436,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Price","given":"Stephen F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Seroussi, Helene","contributorId":141052,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seroussi","given":"Helene","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7023,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":640778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70173403,"text":"70173403 - 2016 - Surface water connectivity drives richness and composition of Arctic lake fish assemblages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-20T20:06:42","indexId":"70173403","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-21T17:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface water connectivity drives richness and composition of Arctic lake fish assemblages","docAbstract":"From May 2011 to August 2014, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected gravity data at more than 2,300 stations and physical property measurements on more than 640 rock samples from outcrops in the eastern Mojave Desert, California and Nevada. Gravity, magnetic, and physical-property data are used to study and locate regional crustal structures as an aid to understanding the geologic framework related to mineral resources of the eastern Mojave Desert.
The eastern Mojave Desert is host to a world-class rare earth element carbonatite deposit located at Mountain Pass, California. Carbonatites are typically defined as magmatic rocks with high modal abundances of primary carbonate minerals >50 weight percent and elevated abundances of rare earth elements (REEs) (Nelson and others, 1988; Woolley and Kempe, 1989). The “Sulphide Queen” carbonatite ore deposit is a composite, tabular body made up of sills and dikes of REE-bearing sovites and beforsites that occurs just south of the Clark Mountain Range along a north-northwest trending fault-bounded block that extends along the northeast edge of the Mescal Range and northwestern extent of Ivanpah Mountains. This early to middle Proterozoic block is composed of a 1.7 Ga metamorphic complex of gneiss and schist that underwent widespread metamorphism and associated plutonism during the Ivanpah orogeny (Miller and others, 2007). Subsequently, these rocks were intruded by a series of granitoids, which included the 1.4 Ga (DeWitt and others, 1987) ultrapotassic alkaline suite of intrusions that are spatially and temporally associated with hundreds of dikes, outcrops, and a carbonatite ore body. The relative age sequence of this intrusive suite of alkaline rocks from oldest to youngest includes shonkinite, mesosyenite, syenite, quartz syenite, potassic granite, carbonatite, and late shonkinite dikes (Olson and others, 1954; Wooden and Miller, 1990; Haxel, 2005; Miller and others, 2007).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161070","usgsCitation":"Denton, K.M., and Ponce, D.A., 2018, Gravity and magnetic studies of the eastern Mojave Desert, California and Nevada (ver 1.1, August 2018): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016-1070, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161070.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 20 p.; 3 Tables; Metadata; version history","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2011-05-01","ipdsId":"IP-064300","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323913,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1070/ofr20161070_table01_gravity_data_v1.1.xlsx","text":"Table 1 version 1.1","size":"472 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016-1070 Table 1 ver. 1.1"},{"id":323914,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1070/ofr20161070_table02_rock_property_data.xlsx","text":"Table 2","size":"128 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016-1070 Table 2"},{"id":323915,"rank":6,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1070/ofr20161070_table03_rock_modifier_data.xlsx","text":"Table 3","size":"20 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016-1070 Table 3"},{"id":323910,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1070/coverthb_.jpg"},{"id":323911,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1070/ofr20161070_v1.1.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1070"},{"id":323912,"rank":3,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1070/ofr20161070_metadata.txt","size":"3 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2016-1070 Metadata"},{"id":356639,"rank":7,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1070/versionHist.txt"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.5,\n 35.0\n ],\n [\n -115.5,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -115.0,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -115.0,\n 35.0\n ],\n [\n -115.5,\n 35.0\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"ver. 1.1: August 2018; ver. 1: June 2016","contact":"Contact Information, Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center—Tucson
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Red spruce (Picea rubens) and red spruce-northern hardwood mixed stands once covered as much as 300,000 ha in the Central Appalachians, but now comprise no more than 21,000 ha. Recently, interest in restoration of this forest type has increased because red spruce forests provide habitat for a number of rare animal species. Our study reports the results of an understory red spruce release experiment in hardwood-dominated stands that have a small component of understory red spruce. In 2005, 188 target spruce were identified in sample plots at six locations in central West Virginia. We projected a vertical cylinder above the crown of all target spruces, and in 2007, we performed a release treatment whereby overtopping hardwoods were treated with herbicide using a stem injection technique. Release treatments removed 0–10% (Control), 11–50% (Low), 51–89% (Medium), and ≤90% (High) of the basal area of overtopping trees. We also took canopy photographs at the time of each remeasurement in 2007, 2010, and 2013, and compared basal removal treatments and resulting 2010 canopy openness and understory light values. The high treatment level provided significantly greater six-year dbh and height growth than the other treatment levels. Based on these results, we propose that a tree-centered release approach utilizing small canopy gaps that emulate the historical, gap-phase disturbance regime provides a good strategy for red spruce restoration in hardwood forests where overstory spruce are virtually absent, and where red spruce is largely relegated to the understory.
","language":"English","publisher":"Natural Areas Association","doi":"10.3375/043.036.0108","usgsCitation":"Rentch, J., Ford, W., Schuler, T., Palmer, J., and Diggins, C.A., 2016, Release of suppressed red spruce using canopy gap creation—Ecological restoration in the Central Appalachians: Natural Areas Journal, v. 36, no. 1, p. 29-37, https://doi.org/10.3375/043.036.0108.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"37","ipdsId":"IP-057768","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97922","text":"External Repository"},{"id":344967,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5997fc9de4b0b589267cd214","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rentch, J.S.","contributorId":20587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rentch","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ford, W. Mark 0000-0002-9611-594X wford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-594X","contributorId":172499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W. Mark","email":"wford@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":708039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schuler, T.S.","contributorId":195758,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schuler","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Palmer, J.","contributorId":25040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Diggins, Corinne A.","contributorId":171667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Diggins","given":"Corinne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":33131,"text":"Dept of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":708069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70138176,"text":"70138176 - 2016 - Rare earth element ore geology of carbonatites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T14:39:58","indexId":"70138176","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Rare earth element ore geology of carbonatites","docAbstract":"For nearly 50 years, carbonatites have been the primary source of niobium and rare earth elements (REEs), in particular the light REEs, including La, Ce, Pr, and Nd. Carbonatites are a relatively rare type of igneous rock composed of greater than 50 vol % primary carbonate minerals, primarily calcite and/or dolomite, and contain the highest concentrations of REEs of any igneous rocks. Although there are more than 500 known carbonatites in the world, currently only four are being mined for REEs: the Bayan Obo, Maoniuping, and Dalucao deposits in China, and the Mountain Pass deposit in California, United States. The carbonatite-derived laterite deposit at Mount Weld in Western Australia is also a REE producer. In addition to REEs, carbonatite-related deposits are the primary source of Nb, with the Araxá deposit, a carbonatite-derived laterite in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, being the dominant producer. Other commodities produced from carbonatite-related deposits include phosphates, iron, fluorite, copper, vanadium, titanium, uranium, and calcite.
Types of ores include those formed as primary magmatic minerals, from late magmatic hydrothermal fluids, and by supergene enrichment in weathered horizons. Although the principal REE-bearing mineral phases include fluorocarbonates (bastnäsite, parisite, and synchysite), hydrated carbonates (ancylite), and phosphates (monazite and apatite), the dominant mineral exploited at most mines is bastnäsite. Bastnäsite typically is coarse grained and contains approximately 75 wt % RE2O3 (rare earth oxides; REOs). Processes responsible for REE enrichment include fractional crystallization of the carbonatitic magma, enrichment of REEs in orthomagmatic or hydrothermal fluids and subsequent precipitation or subsolidus metasomatic redistribution of REEs, and breakdown of primary carbonatitic mineral phases by chemical weathering and sequestration of REEs in secondary minerals or in association with clays. Carbonatites are primarily associated with continental rifting, but some carbonatites are associated with orogenic activity. Although there is debate on how carbonatite magmas are generated, the parental magma and REEs are clearly derived from mantle sources.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rare earth and critical elements in ore deposits","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists, Inc.","publisherLocation":"Littleton, CO","usgsCitation":"Verplanck, P.L., Mariano, A.N., and Mariano, A., 2016, Rare earth element ore geology of carbonatites, chap. of Rare earth and critical elements in ore deposits, v. 18, p. 5-32.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"32","ipdsId":"IP-058100","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341670,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://geoscienceworld.org/content/rare-earth-and-critical-elements-in-ore-deposits"},{"id":341672,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59269bb6e4b0b7ff9fb4896b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verplanck, Philip L. 0000-0002-3653-6419 plv@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"Philip","email":"plv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mariano, Anthony N.","contributorId":138733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mariano","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":12512,"text":"CONSULTING MINERALS EXPLORATION GEOLOGIST","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":696019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mariano, Anthony Jr.","contributorId":138734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mariano","given":"Anthony","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[{"id":12512,"text":"CONSULTING MINERALS EXPLORATION GEOLOGIST","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":696020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70173556,"text":"70173556 - 2016 - Fish assemblage structure and habitat associations in a large western river system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-14T06:51:52","indexId":"70173556","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-13T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish assemblage structure and habitat associations in a large western river system","docAbstract":"Longitudinal gradients of fish assemblage and habitat structure were investigated in the Kootenai River of northern Idaho. A total of 43 500-m river reaches was sampled repeatedly with several techniques (boat-mounted electrofishing, hoop nets and benthic trawls) in the summers of 2012 and 2013. Differences in habitat and fish assemblage structure were apparent along the longitudinal gradient of the Kootenai River. Habitat characteristics (e.g. depth, substrate composition and water velocity) were related to fish assemblage structure in three different geomorphic river sections. Upper river sections were characterized by native salmonids (e.g. mountain whitefish Prosopium williamsoni), whereas native cyprinids (peamouth Mylocheilus caurinus, northern pikeminnow Ptychocheilus oregonensis) and non-native fishes (pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus, yellow perch Perca flavescens) were common in the downstream section. Overall, a general pattern of species addition from upstream to downstream sections was discovered and is likely related to increased habitat complexity and additions of non-native species in downstream sections. Assemblage structure of the upper sections were similar, but were both dissimilar to the lower section of the Kootenai River. Species-specific hurdle regressions indicated the relationships among habitat characteristics and the predicted probability of occurrence and relative abundance varied by species. Understanding fish assemblage structure in relation to habitat could improve conservation efforts of rare fishes and improve management of coldwater river systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","doi":"10.1002/rra.2877","usgsCitation":"Smith, C.D., Quist, M.C., and Hardy, R.S., 2016, Fish assemblage structure and habitat associations in a large western river system: River Research and Applications, v. 32, no. 4, p. 622-638, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2877.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"622","endPage":"638","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053516","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323543,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Kootenai River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.13623046874999,\n 46.875213396722685\n ],\n [\n -116.01562499999999,\n 46.875213396722685\n ],\n [\n -116.01562499999999,\n 49.05227025601607\n ],\n [\n -117.13623046874999,\n 49.05227025601607\n ],\n [\n -117.13623046874999,\n 46.875213396722685\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575fcb1ee4b04f417c2b266f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, C. D.","contributorId":29785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quist, Michael C. 0000-0001-8268-1839 mquist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-1839","contributorId":171392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quist","given":"Michael","email":"mquist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":637295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hardy, R. S.","contributorId":171778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hardy","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70173834,"text":"70173834 - 2016 - Impacts of climate change and renewable energy development on habitat of an endemic squirrel, Xerospermophilus mohavensis, in the Mojave Desert, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-18T21:30:55","indexId":"70173834","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-13T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of climate change and renewable energy development on habitat of an endemic squirrel, Xerospermophilus mohavensis, in the Mojave Desert, USA","docAbstract":"Predicting changes in species distributions under a changing climate is becoming widespread with the use of species distribution models (SDMs). The resulting predictions of future potential habitat can be cast in light of planned land use changes, such as urban expansion and energy development to identify areas with potential conflict. However, SDMs rarely incorporate an understanding of dispersal capacity, and therefore assume unlimited dispersal in potential range shifts under uncertain climate futures. We use SDMs to predict future distributions of the Mojave ground squirrel, Xerospermophilus mohavensis Merriam, and incorporate partial dispersal models informed by field data on juvenile dispersal to assess projected impact of climate change and energy development on future distributions of X. mohavensis. Our models predict loss of extant habitat, but also concurrent gains of new habitat under two scenarios of future climate change. Under the B1 emissions scenario- a storyline describing a convergent world with emphasis on curbing greenhouse gas emissions- our models predicted losses of up to 64% of extant habitat by 2080, while under the increased greenhouse gas emissions of the A2 scenario, we suggest losses of 56%. New potential habitat may become available to X. mohavensis, thereby offsetting as much as 6330 km2 (50%) of the current habitat lost. Habitat lost due to planned energy development was marginal compared to habitat lost from changing climates, but disproportionately affected current habitat. Future areas of overlap in potential habitat between the two climate change scenarios are identified and discussed in context of proposed energy development.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2016.05.033","usgsCitation":"Inman, R.D., Esque, T., Nussear, K.E., Leitner, P., Matocq, M.D., Weisberg, P.J., and Dilts, T.E., 2016, Impacts of climate change and renewable energy development on habitat of an endemic squirrel, Xerospermophilus mohavensis, in the Mojave Desert, USA: Biological Conservation, v. 200, p. 112-121, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.05.033.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"112","endPage":"121","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071079","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323498,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -119,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -119,\n 34\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"200","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575fcb1ee4b04f417c2b2673","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Inman, Richard D. rdinman@usgs.gov","contributorId":3316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Inman","given":"Richard","email":"rdinman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":638567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esque, Todd C. 0000-0002-4166-6234 tesque@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4166-6234","contributorId":168763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"Todd C.","email":"tesque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":638566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nussear, Kenneth E. knussear@usgs.gov","contributorId":2695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nussear","given":"Kenneth","email":"knussear@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leitner, Philip","contributorId":31319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leitner","given":"Philip","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Matocq, Marjorie D.","contributorId":25482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matocq","given":"Marjorie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weisberg, Peter J.","contributorId":33631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weisberg","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dilts, Thomas E.","contributorId":36833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dilts","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70173677,"text":"70173677 - 2016 - Feeding ecology of native and nonnative salmonids during the expansion of a nonnative apex predator in Yellowstone Lake, Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-07T12:00:52","indexId":"70173677","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-07T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feeding ecology of native and nonnative salmonids during the expansion of a nonnative apex predator in Yellowstone Lake, Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"The illegal introduction of Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush into Yellowstone Lake, Yellowstone National Park, preceded the collapse of the native population of Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri, producing a four-level trophic cascade. The Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout population’s collapse and the coinciding increase in Lake Trout abundance provided a rare opportunity to evaluate the feeding ecology of a native prey species and a nonnative piscivore species after the restructuring of a large lentic ecosystem. We assessed diets, stable isotope signatures, and depth-related CPUE patterns for Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout and Lake Trout during 2011–2013 to evaluate trophic overlap. To evaluate diet shifts related to density, we also compared 2011–2013 diets to those from studies conducted during previous periods with contrasting Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout and Lake Trout CPUEs. We illustrate the complex interactions between predator and prey in a simple assemblage and demonstrate how a nonnative apex predator can alter competitive interactions. The diets of Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout were dominated by zooplankton during a period when the Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout CPUE was high and were dominated by amphipods when the CPUE was reduced. Lake Trout shifted from a diet that was dominated by Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout during the early stages of the invasion to a diet that was dominated by amphipods after Lake Trout abundance had increased and after Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout prey had declined. The shifts in Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout and Lake Trout diets resulted in increased trophic similarity of these species through time due to their shared reliance on benthic amphipods. Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout not only face the threat posed by Lake Trout predation but also face the potential threat of competition with Lake Trout if amphipods are limiting. Our results demonstrate the importance of studying the long-term feeding ecology of fishes in invaded ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2016.1143398","usgsCitation":"Syslo, J.M., Guy, C.S., and Koel, T., 2016, Feeding ecology of native and nonnative salmonids during the expansion of a nonnative apex predator in Yellowstone Lake, Yellowstone National Park: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 145, no. 3, p. 476-492, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2016.1143398.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"476","endPage":"492","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068832","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323103,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone Lake, Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.58357238769531,\n 44.28502826057224\n ],\n [\n -110.58357238769531,\n 44.57188260255312\n ],\n [\n -110.19630432128906,\n 44.57188260255312\n ],\n [\n -110.19630432128906,\n 44.28502826057224\n ],\n [\n -110.58357238769531,\n 44.28502826057224\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"145","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5757e21ee4b04f417c24269d","chorus":{"doi":"10.1080/00028487.2016.1143398","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2016.1143398","publisher":"Informa UK Limited","authors":"Syslo John M., Guy Christopher S., Koel Todd M.","journalName":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","publicationDate":"4/14/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Syslo, John M.","contributorId":171452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Syslo","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guy, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9936-4781 cguy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9936-4781","contributorId":2876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"Christopher","email":"cguy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5062,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koel, Todd M.","contributorId":100782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koel","given":"Todd M.","affiliations":[{"id":36976,"text":"U.S. National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":637502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70171508,"text":"70171508 - 2016 - Combined use of isotopic and hydrometric data to conceptualize ecohydrological processes in a high-elevation tropical ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T17:27:55","indexId":"70171508","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-02T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combined use of isotopic and hydrometric data to conceptualize ecohydrological processes in a high-elevation tropical ecosystem","docAbstract":"Few high-elevation tropical catchments worldwide are gauged and even fewer are studied using combined hydrometric and isotopic data. Consequently, we lack information needed to understand processes governing rainfall-runoff dynamics and to predict their influence on downstream ecosystem functioning. To address this need, we present a combination of hydrometric and water stable isotopic observations in the wet Andean páramo ecosystem of the Zhurucay Ecohydrological Observatory (7.53 km2). The catchment is located in the Andes of south Ecuador between 3400 and 3900 m a.s.l. Water samples for stable isotopic analysis were collected during 2 years (May 2011 – May 2013), while rainfall and runoff measurements were continuously recorded since late 2010. The isotopic data reveal that Andosol soils predominantly situated on hillslopes drain laterally to Histosols (Andean páramo wetlands) mainly located at the valley bottom. Histosols, in turn, feed water to creeks and small rivers throughout the year, establishing hydrologic connectivity between wetlands and the drainage network. Runoff is primarily comprised of pre-event water stored in the Histosols, which is replenished by rainfall that infiltrates through the Andosols. Contributions from the mineral horizon and the top of the fractured bedrock are small and only seem to influence discharge in small catchments during low flow generation (non-exceedance flows < Q35). Variations in source contributions are controlled by antecedent soil moisture, rainfall intensity, and duration of rainy periods. Saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soils, higher than the year-round low precipitation intensity, indicates that Hortonian overland flow rarely occurs during high intensity precipitation events. Deep groundwater contributions to discharge seem to be minimal. These results suggest that, in this high-elevation tropical ecosystem: 1) subsurface flow is a dominant hydrological process and 2) (Histosols) wetlands are the major source of stream runoff. Our study highlights that detailed isotopic characterization during short time periods provides valuable information about ecohydrological processes in regions where very few basins are gauged.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.10927","usgsCitation":"Mosquera, G.M., Celleri, R., Lazo, P.X., Vache, K.B., Perakis, S.S., and Crespo, P., 2016, Combined use of isotopic and hydrometric data to conceptualize ecohydrological processes in a high-elevation tropical ecosystem: Hydrological Processes, v. 30, no. 17, p. 2930-2947, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10927.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"2930","endPage":"2947","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069702","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470917,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10927","text":"External Repository"},{"id":322091,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Ecuador","otherGeospatial":"Zhurucay River Ecohydrological Observatory","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.36572265625,\n 0.37353251022880474\n ],\n [\n -77.2998046875,\n -0.3515602939922709\n ],\n [\n -77.62939453125,\n -1.098565496040652\n ],\n [\n -77.87109375,\n -1.7355743631421197\n ],\n [\n -77.89306640625,\n -2.5479878714713835\n ],\n [\n -78.37646484375,\n -3.5792127858606437\n ],\n [\n -78.77197265625,\n -4.740675384778361\n ],\n [\n -79.29931640625,\n -4.959615024698014\n ],\n [\n -79.25537109375,\n -4.477856485570586\n ],\n [\n -79.2333984375,\n -3.513421045640032\n ],\n [\n -79.3212890625,\n -2.04302395742204\n ],\n [\n -79.1455078125,\n -1.1644706071806057\n ],\n [\n -78.81591796875,\n 0.15380840901698828\n ],\n [\n -78.55224609374999,\n 0.5712795966325522\n ],\n [\n -78.486328125,\n 1.1425024037061522\n ],\n [\n -77.62939453125,\n 0.7909904981540058\n ],\n [\n -77.36572265625,\n 0.37353251022880474\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"17","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57514a9be4b053f0edd01752","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mosquera, Giovanny M","contributorId":169918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mosquera","given":"Giovanny","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":25623,"text":"Universidad de Cuenca","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Celleri, Rolando","contributorId":169919,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Celleri","given":"Rolando","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25623,"text":"Universidad de Cuenca","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lazo, Patricio X","contributorId":169920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lazo","given":"Patricio","email":"","middleInitial":"X","affiliations":[{"id":25623,"text":"Universidad de Cuenca","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vache, Kellie B","contributorId":169922,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vache","given":"Kellie","email":"","middleInitial":"B","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Perakis, Steven S. 0000-0003-0703-9314 sperakis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0703-9314","contributorId":145528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perakis","given":"Steven","email":"sperakis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":631526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Crespo, Patricio","contributorId":169921,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crespo","given":"Patricio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25623,"text":"Universidad de Cuenca","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70170095,"text":"70170095 - 2016 - Integrating biology, field logistics, and simulations to optimize parameter estimation for imperiled species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-02T11:48:44","indexId":"70170095","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-02T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating biology, field logistics, and simulations to optimize parameter estimation for imperiled species","docAbstract":"Conservation of imperiled species often requires knowledge of vital rates and population dynamics. However, these can be difficult to estimate for rare species and small populations. This problem is further exacerbated when individuals are not available for detection during some surveys due to limited access, delaying surveys and creating mismatches between the breeding behavior and survey timing. Here we use simulations to explore the impacts of this issue using four hypothetical boreal toad (Anaxyrus boreas boreas) populations, representing combinations of logistical access (accessible, inaccessible) and breeding behavior (synchronous, asynchronous). We examine the bias and precision of survival and breeding probability estimates generated by survey designs that differ in effort and timing for these populations. Our findings indicate that the logistical access of a site and mismatch between the breeding behavior and survey design can greatly limit the ability to yield accurate and precise estimates of survival and breeding probabilities. Simulations similar to what we have performed can help researchers determine an optimal survey design(s) for their system before initiating sampling efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.05.006","usgsCitation":"Lanier, W.E., Bailey, L., and Muths, E.L., 2016, Integrating biology, field logistics, and simulations to optimize parameter estimation for imperiled species: Ecological Modelling, v. 335, p. 16-23, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.05.006.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064688","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322090,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"335","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57514a9de4b053f0edd01768","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lanier, Wendy E.","contributorId":9013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanier","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bailey, Larissa L.","contributorId":93183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Larissa L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muths, Erin L. 0000-0002-5498-3132 muthse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-3132","contributorId":1260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"Erin","email":"muthse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187984,"text":"70187984 - 2016 - Reevaluation of the Crooked Ridge River- Early Pleistocene (ca. 2 Ma) age and origin of the White Mesa Alluvium, northeastern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-26T11:01:08","indexId":"70187984","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reevaluation of the Crooked Ridge River- Early Pleistocene (ca. 2 Ma) age and origin of the White Mesa Alluvium, northeastern Arizona","docAbstract":"Essential features of the previously named and described Miocene Crooked Ridge River in northeastern Arizona (USA) are reexamined using new geologic and geochronologic data. Previously it was proposed that Cenozoic alluvium at Crooked Ridge and southern White Mesa was pre–early Miocene, the product of a large, vigorous late Paleogene river draining the 35–23 Ma San Juan Mountains volcanic field of southwestern Colorado. The paleoriver probably breeched the Kaibab uplift and was considered important in the early evolution of the Colorado River and Grand Canyon. In this paper, we reexamine the character and age of these Cenozoic deposits. The alluvial record originally used to propose the hypothetical paleoriver is best exposed on White Mesa, providing the informal name White Mesa alluvium. The alluvium is 20–50 m thick and is in the bedrock-bound White Mesa paleovalley system, which comprises 5 tributary paleochannels. Gravel composition, detrital zircon data, and paleochannel orientation indicate that sediment originated mainly from local Cretaceous bedrock north, northeast, and south of White Mesa. Sedimentologic and fossil evidence imply alluviation in a low-energy suspended sediment fluvial system with abundant fine-grained overbank deposits, indicating a local channel system rather than a vigorous braided river with distant headwaters. The alluvium contains exotic gravel clasts of Proterozoic basement and rare Oligocene volcanic clasts as well as Oligocene–Miocene detrital sanidine related to multiple caldera eruptions of the San Juan Mountains and elsewhere. These exotic clasts and sanidine likely came from ancient rivers draining the San Juan Mountains. However, in this paper we show that the White Mesa alluvium is early Pleistocene (ca. 2 Ma) rather than pre–early Miocene. Combined 40Ar/39Ar dating of an interbedded tuff and detrital sanidine ages show that the basal White Mesa alluvium was deposited at 1.993 ± 0.002 Ma, consistent with a detrital sanidine maximum depositional age of 2.02 ± 0.02 Ma. Geomorphic relations show that the White Mesa alluvium is older than inset gravels that are interbedded with 1.2–0.8 Ma Bishop–Glass Mountain tuff. The new ca. 2 Ma age for the White Mesa alluvium refutes the hypothesis of a large regional Miocene(?) Crooked Ridge paleoriver that predated carving of the Grand Canyon. Instead, White Mesa paleodrainage was the northernmost extension of the ancestral Little Colorado River drainage basin. This finding is important for understanding Colorado River evolution because it provides a datum for quantifying rapid post–2 Ma regional denudation of the Grand Canyon region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES01124.1","usgsCitation":"Hereford, R., Beard, S., Dickinson, W.R., Karlstrom, K.E., Heizler, M.T., Crossey, L.J., Amoroso, L., House, K., and Pecha, M., 2016, Reevaluation of the Crooked Ridge River- Early Pleistocene (ca. 2 Ma) age and origin of the White Mesa Alluvium, northeastern Arizona: Geosphere, v. 12, no. 3, p. 768-789, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01124.1.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"768","endPage":"789","ipdsId":"IP-059600","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01124.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341794,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","volume":"12","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59293e97e4b016f7a940770c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hereford, Richard 0000-0002-0892-7367 rhereford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0892-7367","contributorId":3620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hereford","given":"Richard","email":"rhereford@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beard, Sue 0000-0001-9552-1893 sbeard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9552-1893","contributorId":167711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beard","given":"Sue","email":"sbeard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dickinson, William R.","contributorId":75064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickinson","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Karlstrom, Karl E.","contributorId":75597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlstrom","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Heizler, Matthew T.","contributorId":184261,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heizler","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Crossey, Laura J.","contributorId":56265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crossey","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Amoroso, Lee lamoroso@usgs.gov","contributorId":3069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amoroso","given":"Lee","email":"lamoroso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"House, Kyle 0000-0002-0019-8075 khouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0019-8075","contributorId":2293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"House","given":"Kyle","email":"khouse@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Pecha, Mark","contributorId":192303,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pecha","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70169295,"text":"ofr20161028 - 2016 - Geologic and geochemical results from boreholes drilled in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, 2007 and 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-02T09:02:44","indexId":"ofr20161028","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1028","title":"Geologic and geochemical results from boreholes drilled in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, 2007 and 2008","docAbstract":"Between 2007 and 2008, seven Earthscope Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO) boreholes ranging in depth from about 200 to 800 feet deep were drilled in and adjacent to the Yellowstone caldera in Yellowstone National Park, for the purpose of installing volcano monitoring instrumentation. Five of the seven boreholes were equipped with strainmeters, downhole seismometers, and tiltmeters. Data collected during drilling included field observations of drill cuttings, stratigraphy within the boreholes, water temperature, and water and drill cuttings samples from selected depths.
\nSix of the seven boreholes encountered rhyolite lavas and tuffs. The rhyolite lavas compose the Canyon flow, the Gardner River flow, the Gibbon River flow, the Hayden Valley flow, the Nez Perce Creek flow, and the West Thumb flow. Boreholes also penetrated a vertical sequence through the Lava Creek Tuff and the Tuff of Bluff Point. In addition, one borehole drilled through a Swan Lake Flat Basalt sequence and terminated in a rhyolite lava flow.
\nAfter drilling the seven PBO boreholes, cuttings were examined and selected for preparation of grain mounts, thin sections, and geochemical analysis. Major ions and trace elements (including rare earth elements) of selected cuttings were determined by x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS); the ICP-MS provided more precise trace-element analysis than XRF. A preliminary interpretation of the results of geochemical analyses generally shows a correlation between borehole cuttings and previously mapped geology. The geochemical data and borehole stratigraphy presented in this report provide a foundation for future petrologic, geochemical, and geophysical studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161028","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park, and Earthscope Plate Boundary Observatory","usgsCitation":"Jaworowski, C., Susong, D., Heasler, H., Mencin, D., Johnson, W., Conrey, R., and Von Stauffenberg, J., 2016,\nGeologic and geochemical results from boreholes drilled in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, 2007 and 2008:\nU.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016-1028, 39 p. https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161028","productDescription":"Report: viii, 39 p.; 2 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-064084","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321191,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1028/ofr20161028.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1028"},{"id":321192,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1028/ofr20161028_appendix01.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"74 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016-1028 Appendix 1"},{"id":321193,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1028/ofr20161028_appendix02.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2","size":"35 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016-1028 Appendix 2"},{"id":321190,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1028/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.93994140625,\n 44.402391829093915\n ],\n [\n -110.93994140625,\n 44.93758500391091\n ],\n [\n -110.0830078125,\n 44.93758500391091\n ],\n [\n -110.0830078125,\n 44.402391829093915\n ],\n [\n -110.93994140625,\n 44.402391829093915\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Utah Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2329 Orton Circle
Salt Lake City, Utah 84119-2047
http://ut.water.usgs.gov
This paper reviews the front end of the thorium fuel cycle, including the extent and variety of thorium deposits, the potential sources of thorium production, and the physical and chemical technologies required to isolate and purify thorium. Thorium is frequently found within rare earth element–bearing minerals that exist in diverse types of mineral deposits, often in conjunction with other minerals mined for their commercial value. It may be possible to recover substantial quantities of thorium as a by-product from active titanium, uranium, tin, iron, and rare earth mines. Incremental physical and chemical processing is required to obtain a purified thorium product from thorium minerals, but documented experience with these processes is extensive, and incorporating thorium recovery should not be overly challenging. The anticipated environmental impacts of by-product thorium recovery are small relative to those of uranium recovery since existing mining infrastructure utilization avoids the opening and operation of new mines and thorium recovery removes radionuclides from the mining tailings.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Nuclear Society","doi":"10.13182/NT15-83","usgsCitation":"Ault, T., Van Gosen, B.S., Krahn, S., and Croff, A., 2016, Natural thorium resources and recovery: Options and impacts: Nuclear Technology, v. 194, no. 2, p. 136-151, https://doi.org/10.13182/NT15-83.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"136","endPage":"151","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063647","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324276,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"194","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576bb6b8e4b07657d1a22913","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ault, Timothy","contributorId":139726,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ault","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12893,"text":"Vanderbilt University School of Engineering","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Gosen, Bradley S. 0000-0003-4214-3811 bvangose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4214-3811","contributorId":1174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gosen","given":"Bradley","email":"bvangose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krahn, Steven","contributorId":139727,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krahn","given":"Steven","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12893,"text":"Vanderbilt University School of Engineering","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Croff, Allen","contributorId":139728,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Croff","given":"Allen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12893,"text":"Vanderbilt University School of Engineering","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70168460,"text":"70168460 - 2016 - Where the wild things are: A research agenda for studying wildlife-wilderness relationship","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-28T12:29:34","indexId":"70168460","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2297,"text":"Journal of Forestry","onlineIssn":"1938-3746","printIssn":"0022-1201","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Where the wild things are: A research agenda for studying wildlife-wilderness relationship","docAbstract":"We explore the connection between US designated wilderness areas and wildlife with the goal of establishing a research agenda for better understanding this complex relationship. Our research agenda has two components. The first, “wildlife for wilderness,” considers the impact of wildlife on wilderness character. Whereas studies show that wildlife is important in both the perception and actual enhancement of wilderness character, the context and particulars of this relationship have not been evaluated. For instance, is knowing that a rare, native species is present in a wilderness area enough to increase perceptions of naturalness (an important wilderness quality)? Or does the public need to observe the species or its sign (e.g., tracks) for this benefit? The second part of our research agenda, “wilderness for wildlife,” considers the types of research needed to understand the impact of wilderness areas on wildlife and biodiversity conservation. Several studies show the effect of one area being designated wilderness on one wildlife species. Yet, there has been no research that examines how the networks of wilderness areas in the National Wilderness Preservation System (NWPS) are used by a species or a community of species. Furthermore, we found no studies that focused on how the NWPS affects ecological or trophic interactions among species. We hope that by providing a research agenda, we can spur multiple lines of research on the topic of wildlife and wilderness.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of American Foresters","doi":"10.5849/jof.15-070","usgsCitation":"Schwartz, M.K., Hahn, B., and Hossack, B.R., 2016, Where the wild things are: A research agenda for studying wildlife-wilderness relationship: Journal of Forestry, v. 114, no. 3, p. 311-319, https://doi.org/10.5849/jof.15-070.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"319","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065898","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5849/jof.15-070","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324513,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57739fb9e4b07657d1a90da7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwartz, Michael K.","contributorId":102326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hahn, Beth","contributorId":166928,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hahn","given":"Beth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24574,"text":"National Park Service—Wilderness Stewardship Division, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, 790 E. Beckwith Ave., Missoula, MT 59801","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hossack, Blake R. 0000-0001-7456-9564 blake_hossack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-9564","contributorId":1177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"Blake","email":"blake_hossack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70104988,"text":"70104988 - 2016 - Lithium brines: A global perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-24T15:35:13.990208","indexId":"70104988","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"14","title":"Lithium brines: A global perspective","docAbstract":"Late Pleistocene groundwater discharge deposits (paleowetlands) in the upper Las Vegas Wash north of Las Vegas, Nevada, have yielded an abundant and diverse vertebrate fossil assemblage, the Tule Springs local fauna (TSLF). The TSLF is the largest open-site vertebrate fossil assemblage dating to the Rancholabrean North American Land Mammal Age in the southern Great Basin and Mojave Desert. Over 600 discrete body fossil localities have been recorded from the wash, including an area that now encompasses Tule Springs Fossil Beds National Monument (TUSK). Paleowetland sediments exposed in TUSK named the Las Vegas Formation span the last 250 ka, with fossiliferous sediments spanning ∼100–13 ka. The recovered fauna is dominated by remains of Camelopsand Mammuthus, and also includes relatively common remains of extinct Equusand Bisonas well as abundant vertebrate microfaunal fossils. Large carnivorans are rare, with only Puma concolor and Panthera atrox documented previously. Postcranial remains assigned to the species Canis dirus (dire wolf) and Smilodon fatalis(sabre-toothed cat) represent the first confirmed records of these species from the TSLF, as well as the first documentation of Canis dirus in Nevada and the only known occurrence of Smilodonin southern Nevada. The size of the recovered canid fossil precludes assignment to other Pleistocene species of Canis. The morphology of the felid elements differentiates them from other large predators such as Panthera, Homotherium, and Xenosmilus, and the size of the fossils prevents assignment to other species of Smilodon. The confirmed presence of S. fatalis in the TSLF is of particular interest, indicating that this species inhabited open habitats. In turn, this suggests that the presumed preference of S. fatalis for closed-habitat environments hunting requires further elucidation.
","language":"English","publisher":"PeerJ","doi":"10.7717/peerj.2151","usgsCitation":"Scott, E., and Springer, K.B., 2016, First records of Canis dirus and Smilodon fatalis from the late Pleistocene Tule Springs local fauna, upper Las Vegas Wash, Nevada: PeerJ, v. 4, e2151;17 p., https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2151.","productDescription":"e2151;17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-076008","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2151","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":331188,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5835672be4b0070c0abfb6d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, Eric","contributorId":127422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scott","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Springer, Kathleen B. 0000-0002-2404-0264 kspringer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2404-0264","contributorId":149826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Springer","given":"Kathleen","email":"kspringer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70171361,"text":"70171361 - 2016 - Cyanotoxins in inland lakes of the United States: Occurrence and potential recreational health risks in the EPA National Lakes Assessment 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:33:30","indexId":"70171361","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-26T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1878,"text":"Harmful Algae","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cyanotoxins in inland lakes of the United States: Occurrence and potential recreational health risks in the EPA National Lakes Assessment 2007","docAbstract":"A large nation-wide survey of cyanotoxins (1161 lakes) in the United States (U.S.) was conducted during the EPA National Lakes Assessment 2007. Cyanotoxin data were compared with cyanobacteria abundance- and chlorophyll-based World Health Organization (WHO) thresholds and mouse toxicity data to evaluate potential recreational risks. Cylindrospermopsins, microcystins, and saxitoxins were detected (ELISA) in 4.0, 32, and 7.7% of samples with mean concentrations of 0.56, 3.0, and 0.061 mg/L, respectively (detections only). Co-occurrence of the three cyanotoxin classes was rare (0.32%) when at least one toxin was detected. Cyanobacteria were present and dominant in 98 and 76% of samples, respectively. Potential anatoxin-, cylindrospermopsin-, microcystin-, and saxitoxin-producing cyanobacteria occurred in 81, 67, 95, and 79% of samples, respectively. Anatoxin-a and nodularin-R were detected (LC/MS/MS) in 15 and 3.7% samples (n = 27). The WHO moderate and high risk thresholds for microcystins, cyanobacteria abundance, and total chlorophyll were exceeded in 1.1, 27, and 44% of samples, respectively. Complete agreement by all three WHO microcystin metrics occurred in 27% of samples. This suggests that WHO microcystin metrics based on total chlorophyll and cyanobacterial abundance can overestimate microcystin risk when compared to WHO microcystin thresholds. The lack of parity among the WHO thresholds was expected since chlorophyll is common amongst all phytoplankton and not all cyanobacteria produce microcystins.
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