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Statistical models often use observational data to predict phenomena; however, interpreting model terms to understand their influence can be problematic. This issue poses a challenge in species conservation where setting priorities requires estimating influences of potential stressors using observational data. We present a novel approach for inferring influence of a rare stressor on a rare species by blending predictive models with nonparametric permutation tests. We illustrate the approach with two case studies involving rare amphibians in Yosemite National Park, USA. The endangered frog, Rana sierrae, is known to be negatively impacted by non-native fish, while the threatened toad, Anaxyrus canorus, is potentially affected by packstock. Both stressors and amphibians are rare, occurring in ~10% of potential habitat patches. We first predict amphibian occupancy with a statistical model that includes all predictors but the stressor to stratify potential habitat by predicted suitability. A stratified permutation test then evaluates the association between stressor and amphibian, all else equal. Our approach confirms the known negative relationship between fish and R. sierrae, but finds no evidence of a negative relationship between current packstock use and A. canorus breeding. Our statistical approach has potential broad application for deriving understanding (not just prediction) from observational data.

","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/srep10702","usgsCitation":"Matchett, J.R., Stark, P.B., Ostoja, S.M., Knapp, R.A., McKenny, H.C., Brooks, M.L., Langford, W.T., Joppa, L.N., and Berlow, E.L., 2015, Detecting the influence of rare stressors on rare species in Yosemite National Park using a novel stratified permutation test: Scientific Reports, v. 5, 12 p.; Article number: 10702, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep10702.","productDescription":"12 p.; Article number: 10702","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062390","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472027,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep10702","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":301045,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Water-quality “super” gages (also known as “sentry” gages) provide real-time, continuous measurements of the physical and chemical characteristics of stream water at or near selected U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgages in Indiana and Kentucky. A super gage includes streamflow and water-quality instrumentation and representative stream sample collection for laboratory analysis. USGS scientists can use statistical surrogate models to relate instrument values to analyzed chemical concentrations at a super gage. Real-time, continuous and laboratory-analyzed concentration and load data are publicly accessible on USGS Web pages.

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2015 - Reduced transmission of human schistosomiasis after restoration of a native river prawn that preys on the snail intermediate host","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-13T15:01:05","indexId":"70155957","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-05T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2982,"text":"PNAS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reduced transmission of human schistosomiasis after restoration of a native river prawn that preys on the snail intermediate host","docAbstract":"

Eliminating human parasitic disease often requires interrupting complex transmission pathways. Even when drugs to treat people are available, disease control can be difficult if the parasite can persist in nonhuman hosts. Here, we show that restoration of a natural predator of a parasite’s intermediate hosts may enhance drug-based schistosomiasis control. Our study site was the Senegal River Basin, where villagers suffered a massive outbreak and persistent epidemic after the 1986 completion of the Diama Dam. The dam blocked the annual migration of native river prawns (Macrobrachium vollenhoveni) that are voracious predators of the snail intermediate hosts for schistosomiasis. We tested schistosomiasis control by reintroduced river prawns in a before-after-control-impact field experiment that tracked parasitism in snails and people at two matched villages after prawns were stocked at one village’s river access point. The abundance of infected snails was 80% lower at that village, presumably because prawn predation reduced the abundance and average life span of latently infected snails. As expected from a reduction in infected snails, human schistosomiasis prevalence was 18 ± 5% lower and egg burden was 50 ± 8% lower at the prawn-stocking village compared with the control village. In a mathematical model of the system, stocking prawns, coupled with infrequent mass drug treatment, eliminates schistosomiasis from high-transmission sites. We conclude that restoring river prawns could be a novel contribution to controlling, or eliminating, schistosomiasis.                            

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The Bartlett Springs Fault (BSF), the easternmost branch of the northern San Andreas Fault system, creeps along much of its length. Geodetic data for the BSF are sparse, and surface creep rates are generally poorly constrained. The two existing geodetic slip rate inversions resolve at least one locked patch within the creeping zones. We use the 3-D finite element code FaultMod to conduct dynamic rupture models based on both geodetic inversions, in order to determine the ability of rupture to propagate into the creeping regions, as well as to assess possible magnitudes for BSF ruptures. For both sets of models, we find that the distribution of aseismic creep limits the extent of coseismic rupture, due to the contrast in frictional properties between the locked and creeping regions.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2015GL063802","usgsCitation":"Lozos, J.C., Harris, R.A., Murray, J.R., and Lienkaemper, J.J., 2015, Dynamic rupture models of earthquakes on the Bartlett Springs Fault, Northern California: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 42, no. 11, p. 4343-4349, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL063802.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"4343","endPage":"4349","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060677","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306828,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Bartlett Springs Fault, Northern California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.5025634765625,\n 37.931200459333716\n ],\n [\n -124.5025634765625,\n 40.29628651711716\n ],\n [\n -120.83312988281249,\n 40.29628651711716\n ],\n [\n -120.83312988281249,\n 37.931200459333716\n ],\n [\n -124.5025634765625,\n 37.931200459333716\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d4572fe4b0518e354694ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lozos, Julian C.","contributorId":146525,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lozos","given":"Julian","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, Ruth A. 0000-0002-9247-0768 harris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-0768","contributorId":786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Ruth","email":"harris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murray, Jessica R. 0000-0002-6144-1681 jrmurray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6144-1681","contributorId":2759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Jessica","email":"jrmurray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lienkaemper, James J. 0000-0002-7578-7042 jlienk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7578-7042","contributorId":1941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"James","email":"jlienk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70159194,"text":"70159194 - 2015 - Leaf-on canopy closure in broadleaf deciduous forests predicted during winter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-19T09:38:35","indexId":"70159194","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-04T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1688,"text":"Forest Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Leaf-on canopy closure in broadleaf deciduous forests predicted during winter","docAbstract":"

Forest canopy influences light transmittance, which in turn affects tree regeneration and survival, thereby having an impact on forest composition and habitat conditions for wildlife. Because leaf area is the primary impediment to light penetration, quantitative estimates of canopy closure are normally made during summer. Studies of forest structure and wildlife habitat that occur during winter, when deciduous trees have shed their leaves, may inaccurately estimate canopy closure. We estimated percent canopy closure during both summer (leaf-on) and winter (leaf-off) in broadleaf deciduous forests in Mississippi and Louisiana using gap light analysis of hemispherical photographs that were obtained during repeat visits to the same locations within bottomland and mesic upland hardwood forests and hardwood plantation forests. We used mixed-model linear regression to predict leaf-on canopy closure from measurements of leaf-off canopy closure, basal area, stem density, and tree height. Competing predictive models all included leaf-off canopy closure (relative importance = 0.93), whereas basal area and stem density, more traditional predictors of canopy closure, had relative model importance of ≤ 0.51.

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Population dynamics and effects of large ungulate disturbances on Winkler cactus (Pediocactus winkleri K.D. Heil) were documented annually over a 20-year time span at one plot within Capitol Reef National Park, Utah. This cactus species was federally listed as threatened in 1998. The study began in 1995 to gain a better understanding of life history aspects and threats to this species. Data were collected annually in early spring and included diameter, condition, reproductive structures, mortality, recruitment, and disturbance by large ungulates. We used odds ratio and probability model analyses to determine effects of large ungulate trampling and weather on these cacti. During the study, plot population declined by 18%, with trampling of cactus, low precipitation, and cold spring temperatures implicated as causal factors. Precipitation and temperature affected flowering, mortality, and recruitment. Large ungulate disturbances increased mortality and reduced the probability of flowering. These results suggest that large ungulate disturbances and recent climate regimes have had an adverse impact on long-term persistence of this cactus.

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Box 186, Bluff, Utah 84512","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duniway, Michael C. 0000-0002-9643-2785 mduniway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9643-2785","contributorId":4212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duniway","given":"Michael","email":"mduniway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flagg, Cody B. cflagg@usgs.gov","contributorId":4573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flagg","given":"Cody","email":"cflagg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70136054,"text":"70136054 - 2015 - Accounting for groundwater in stream fish thermal habitat responses to climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T16:18:39","indexId":"70136054","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-04T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accounting for groundwater in stream fish thermal habitat responses to climate change","docAbstract":"

Forecasting climate change effects on aquatic fauna and their habitat requires an understanding of how water temperature responds to changing air temperature (i.e., thermal sensitivity). Previous efforts to forecast climate effects on brook trout habitat have generally assumed uniform air-water temperature relationships over large areas that cannot account for groundwater inputs and other processes that operate at finer spatial scales. We developed regression models that accounted for groundwater influences on thermal sensitivity from measured air-water temperature relationships within forested watersheds in eastern North America (Shenandoah National Park, USA, 78 sites in 9 watersheds). We used these reach-scale models to forecast climate change effects on stream temperature and brook trout thermal habitat, and compared our results to previous forecasts based upon large-scale models. Observed stream temperatures were generally less sensitive to air temperature than previously assumed, and we attribute this to the moderating effect of shallow groundwater inputs. Predicted groundwater temperatures from air-water regression models corresponded well to observed groundwater temperatures elsewhere in the study area. Predictions of brook trout future habitat loss derived from our fine-grained models were far less pessimistic than those from prior models developed at coarser spatial resolutions. However, our models also revealed spatial variation in thermal sensitivity within and among catchments resulting in a patchy distribution of thermally suitable habitat. Habitat fragmentation due to thermal barriers therefore may have an increasingly important role for trout population viability in headwater streams. Our results demonstrate that simple adjustments to air-water temperature regression models can provide a powerful and cost-effective approach for predicting future stream temperatures while accounting for effects of groundwater.

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jyoung@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-3673","contributorId":3777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"John","email":"jyoung@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70141799,"text":"ds69AA - 2015 - Assessment of unconvential (tight) gas resources in Upper Cook Inlet Basin, South-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-04T09:31:10","indexId":"ds69AA","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-04T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69","chapter":"AA","title":"Assessment of unconvential (tight) gas resources in Upper Cook Inlet Basin, South-central Alaska","docAbstract":"

A geologic model was developed for the assessment of potential Mesozoic tight-gas resources in the deep, central part of upper Cook Inlet Basin, south-central Alaska. The basic premise of the geologic model is that organic-bearing marine shales of the Middle Jurassic Tuxedni Group achieved adequate thermal maturity for oil and gas generation in the central part of the basin largely due to several kilometers of Paleogene and Neogene burial. In this model, hydrocarbons generated in Tuxedni source rocks resulted in overpressure, causing fracturing and local migration of oil and possibly gas into low-permeability sandstone and siltstone reservoirs in the Jurassic Tuxedni Group and Chinitna and Naknek Formations. Oil that was generated either remained in the source rock and subsequently was cracked to gas which then migrated into low-permeability reservoirs, or oil initially migrated into adjacent low-permeability reservoirs, where it subsequently cracked to gas as adequate thermal maturation was reached in the central part of the basin. Geologic uncertainty exists on the (1) presence of adequate marine source rocks, (2) degree and timing of thermal maturation, generation, and expulsion, (3) migration of hydrocarbons into low-permeability reservoirs, and (4) preservation of this petroleum system. Given these uncertainties and using known U.S. tight gas reservoirs as geologic and production analogs, a mean volume of 0.64 trillion cubic feet of gas was assessed in the basin-center tight-gas system that is postulated to exist in Mesozoic rocks of the upper Cook Inlet Basin. This assessment of Mesozoic basin-center tight gas does not include potential gas accumulations in Cenozoic low-permeability reservoirs.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds69AA","usgsCitation":"Schenk, C.J., Nelson, P.H., Klett, T., Le, P., and Anderson, C.P., 2015, Assessment of unconvential (tight) gas resources in Upper Cook Inlet Basin, South-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 69, 3 Chapters: variously paged; Upper Cook Inlet Basin Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds69AA.","productDescription":"3 Chapters: variously paged; Upper Cook Inlet Basin Database","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049080","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301037,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds69AA.jpg"},{"id":301033,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-aa/REPORTS/DDS-69-AA-Chapter1.pdf","text":"Chapter 1","size":"15.5 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Philip H. pnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Philip","email":"pnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klett, Timothy R. 0000-0001-9779-1168 tklett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-1168","contributorId":709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klett","given":"Timothy R.","email":"tklett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Le, Phuong A. 0000-0003-2477-509X ple@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2477-509X","contributorId":2151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Le","given":"Phuong A.","email":"ple@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderson, Christopher P.","contributorId":140859,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70147914,"text":"sir20155056 - 2015 - Flood recovery maps for the White River in Bethel, Stockbridge, and Rochester, Vermont, and the Tweed River in Stockbridge and Pittsfield, Vermont, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-03T14:00:29","indexId":"sir20155056","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-03T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5056","title":"Flood recovery maps for the White River in Bethel, Stockbridge, and Rochester, Vermont, and the Tweed River in Stockbridge and Pittsfield, Vermont, 2014","docAbstract":"

From August 28 to 29, 2011, Tropical Storm Irene delivered rainfall ranging from about 4 inches to more than 7 inches in the White River Basin. The rainfall resulted in severe flooding throughout the basin and significant damage along the White River and Tweed River. In response to the flooding, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, conducted a new flood study to aid in the flood recovery and restoration. This flood study includes a 20.7-mile reach of the White River from the downstream end at about 2,000 feet downstream from the State Route 107 bridge in the Village of Bethel, Vermont, to the upstream end at about 1,000 feet upstream from the River Brook Drive bridge in the Village of Rochester, Vt., and a 7.9-mile reach of the Tweed River from its mouth in Stockbridge, Vt., to the confluence of the West and South Branches of the Tweed River and continuing upstream on the South Branch Tweed River to the Pittsfield, Vt., town line.

\n

This report presents water-surface elevations determined for the study reaches using the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers one-dimensional step-backwater Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System model, also known as HEC– RAS. The water-surface elevations were determined for floods having a 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability (AEP) and for the floodway.

\n

Eighteen high-water marks from Tropical Storm Irene were available along the studied reaches. The discharges in the Tropical Storm Irene HEC–RAS model were adjusted so that the resulting water-surface elevations matched the high-water mark elevations along the study reaches. This allowed for an estimation of the water-surface profile throughout the study area resulting from Tropical Storm Irene. From a comparison of the estimated water-surface profile of Tropical Storm Irene to the water-surface profiles of the 1- and 0.2-percent AEP floods, it was determined that the high-water elevations resulting from Tropical Storm Irene exceeded the estimated 1-percent AEP flood throughout the White River and Tweed River study reaches and exceeded the estimated 0.2-percent AEP flood in 16.7 of the 28.6 study reach miles. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model derived from light detection and ranging (lidar) data having a 18.2-centimeter vertical accuracy at the 95-percent confidence level and 1-meter horizontal resolution to delineate the area flooded for each water-surface profile.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155056","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Olson, S.A., 2015, Flood recovery maps for the White River in Bethel, Stockbridge, and Rochester, Vermont, and the Tweed River in Stockbridge and Pittsfield, Vermont, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5056, Report: vi, 32 p.; Readme; Map file and datasets; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155056.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 32 p.; Readme; Map file and datasets; Metadata","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2014-01-01","temporalEnd":"2014-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-057993","costCenters":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301023,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155056.jpg"},{"id":301018,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5056/"},{"id":301019,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5056/pdf/sir2015-5056.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.05 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":301020,"rank":3,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5056/attachments/sir2015-5056_readme.txt","text":"Readme","size":"1.09 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Readme"},{"id":301021,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5056/attachments/sir2015-5056_map.zip","text":"Map file and datasets","size":"2.11 GB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"Map file and datasets","linkHelpText":"Contains the published map file and the map dataset. 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Previous studies have indicated that burrow-irrigating infauna can increase sediment oxygen demand (SOD) and impact hypolimnetic oxygen in stratified lakes. We conducted laboratory microcosm experiments and computer simulations with larvae of the burrowing benthic midge Chironomus plumosus to quantify burrow oxygen uptake rates and subsequent contribution to sediment oxygen demand in central Lake Erie. Burrow oxygen uptake and water flow velocities through burrows were measured using oxygen microelectrodes and hot film anemometry, respectively. Burrow oxygen consumption averaged 2.66 × 10− 10 (SE = ± 7.82 × 10− 11) mol O2/burrow/s at 24 °C and 9.64 × 10− 10 (SE = ± 4.86 × 10− 10) mol O2/burrow/s at 15 °C. In sealed microcosm experiments, larvae increased SOD 500% at 24 °C (density = 1508/m2) and 375% at 15 °C (density = 864/m2). To further evaluate effects of densities of C. plumosus burrows on SOD we developed a 3-D transport reaction model of the process. Using experimental data and chironomid abundance data in faunal surveys in 2009 and 2010, we estimated that bioirrigation by a population of 140 larvae/m2 could account for between 2.54 × 10− 11 mol/L/s (model results) and 5.58 × 10− 11 mol/L/s (experimental results) of the average 4.22 × 10− 11 mol/L/s oxygen depletion rate between 1970 and 2003, which could have accounted for 60–132% of the oxygen decline. At present, it appears that the population density of this species may be an important factor in development of hypoxic or anoxic conditions in central Lake Erie.

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Managing the world's largest and most complex freshwater ecosystem, the Laurentian Great Lakes, requires a spatially hierarchical basin-wide database of ecological and socioeconomic information that is comparable across the region. To meet such a need, we developed a spatial classification framework and database — Great Lakes Aquatic Habitat Framework (GLAHF). GLAHF consists of catchments, coastal terrestrial, coastal margin, nearshore, and offshore zones that encompass the entire Great Lakes Basin. The catchments captured in the database as river pour points or coastline segments are attributed with data known to influence physicochemical and biological characteristics of the lakes from the catchments. The coastal terrestrial zone consists of 30-m grid cells attributed with data from the terrestrial region that has direct connection with the lakes. The coastal margin and nearshore zones consist of 30-m grid cells attributed with data describing the coastline conditions, coastal human disturbances, and moderately to highly variable physicochemical and biological characteristics. The offshore zone consists of 1.8-km grid cells attributed with data that are spatially less variable compared with the other aquatic zones. These spatial classification zones and their associated data are nested within lake sub-basins and political boundaries and allow the synthesis of information from grid cells to classification zones, within and among political boundaries, lake sub-basins, Great Lakes, or within the entire Great Lakes Basin. This spatially structured database could help the development of basin-wide management plans, prioritize locations for funding and specific management actions, track protection and restoration progress, and conduct research for science-based decision making.

","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","publisherLocation":"Toronto","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2015.03.017","collaboration":"Lizhu Wang, Catherine Riseng, Lacey Mason, Kevin Wehrly, Ed Rutherford, James McKenna, Chris Castiglione, Lucinda Johnson, Dana Infante, Scott Sowa, Mike Robertson, Mary Khoury, John Gaiot, Tom Hollenhurst, Colin Brooks, Mark Coscarelli","usgsCitation":"Wang, L., Riseng, C.M., Mason, L., Werhrly, K., Rutherford, E., McKenna, J., Castiglione, C., Johnson, L.B., Infante, D.M., Sowa, S.P., Robertson, M., Schaeffer, J., Khoury, M., Gaiot, J., Hollenhurst, T., Brooks, C., and Coscarelli, M., 2015, A spatial classification and database for management, research, and policy making: The Great Lakes aquatic habitat framework: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 41, no. 2, p. 584-596, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2015.03.017.","productDescription":"13 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Juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were fed diets containing 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0% of a garlic extract, challenged with a modified 50% lethal dose of Aeromonas salmonicida and monitored for 28 d. There were significant increases in survival of trout fed 0.5 and 1.0% garlic extract as compared to the control and 2.0% garlic extract groups. A target animal safety study was performed at varying increments using the target dose of 0.5% garlic extract at 0× (0% garlic extract), 1× (0.5% garlic extract), 3× (1.5% garlic extract), and 5× (2.5% garlic extract) for 3× (6 wk) the duration of the original study. There was a significant increase in the level of circulating lymphocytes and a significant decrease in the level of circulating monocytes. The latter correlated to an increased level of pigment-containing macrophage centers within the renal tissue as garlic extract dosing increased, denoting a potential deleterious inflammatory effect as macrophage infiltration became severe at the highest dose. These studies suggest that feeding low-dose (0.5% or 1.0%) garlic extract improves survivability in rainbow trout when challenged with A. salmonicida and appears safe; however, higher levels do not appear to be effective and may cause deleterious effects on health.

","language":"English","publisher":"World Aquaculture Society","publisherLocation":"Baton Rouge, LA","doi":"10.1111/jwas.12195","usgsCitation":"Breyer, K.E., Getchell, R.G., Cornwell, E., Wooster, G.A., Ketola, H.G., and Bowser, P., 2015, Efficacy of an extract from garlic, Allium sativum, against infection with the furunculosis bacterium, Aeromonas salmonicida, in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss: Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, v. 46, no. 3, p. 273-282, https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.12195.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"282","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057850","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313068,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56850e8ae4b0a04ef49338d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breyer, Kate E.","contributorId":150974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breyer","given":"Kate","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Getchell, Rodman G.","contributorId":32416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Getchell","given":"Rodman","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cornwell, Emily R.","contributorId":64526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornwell","given":"Emily R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wooster, Gregory A.","contributorId":37700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooster","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ketola, H. George 0000-0002-7260-5602 gketola@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7260-5602","contributorId":2664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketola","given":"H.","email":"gketola@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"George","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bowser, Paul R.","contributorId":10391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowser","given":"Paul R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70144300,"text":"70144300 - 2015 - Coupling geophysical investigation with hydrothermal modeling to constrain the enthalpy classification of a potential geothermal resource.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-23T12:34:52","indexId":"70144300","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coupling geophysical investigation with hydrothermal modeling to constrain the enthalpy classification of a potential geothermal resource.","docAbstract":"

An appreciable challenge in volcanology and geothermal resource development is to understand the relationships between volcanic systems and low-enthalpy geothermal resources. The enthalpy of an undeveloped geothermal resource in the Karckar region of Armenia is investigated by coupling geophysical and hydrothermal modeling. The results of 3-dimensional inversion of gravity data provide key inputs into a hydrothermal circulation model of the system and associated hot springs, which is used to evaluate possible geothermal system configurations. Hydraulic and thermal properties are specified using maximum a priori estimates. Limited constraints provided by temperature data collected from an existing down-gradient borehole indicate that the geothermal system can most likely be classified as low-enthalpy and liquid dominated. We find the heat source for the system is likely cooling quartz monzonite intrusions in the shallow subsurface and that meteoric recharge in the pull-apart basin circulates to depth, rises along basin-bounding faults and discharges at the hot springs. While other combinations of subsurface properties and geothermal system configurations may fit the temperature distribution equally well, we demonstrate that the low-enthalpy system is reasonably explained based largely on interpretation of surface geophysical data and relatively simple models.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.03.020","usgsCitation":"White, J., Karakhanian, A., Connor, C., Connor, L., Hughes, J.D., Malservisi, R., and Wetmore, P., 2015, Coupling geophysical investigation with hydrothermal modeling to constrain the enthalpy classification of a potential geothermal resource.: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 298, p. 59-70, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.03.020.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"70","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055208","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310594,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Armenia","otherGeospatial":"Karckar Region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 42.34130859375,\n 38.38042167460681\n ],\n [\n 42.34130859375,\n 41.62776153144345\n ],\n [\n 47.8564453125,\n 41.62776153144345\n ],\n [\n 47.8564453125,\n 38.38042167460681\n ],\n [\n 42.34130859375,\n 38.38042167460681\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"298","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562b5a2be4b00162522207c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Jeremy T. jwhite@usgs.gov","contributorId":3930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Jeremy T.","email":"jwhite@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karakhanian, Arkadi","contributorId":139920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karakhanian","given":"Arkadi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13315,"text":"Georisk Scientific Research Company","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Connor, Chuck","contributorId":139921,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Connor","given":"Chuck","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7163,"text":"University of South Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Connor, Laura","contributorId":139922,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Connor","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7163,"text":"University of South Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hughes, Joseph D. 0000-0003-1311-2354 jdhughes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1311-2354","contributorId":2492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Joseph","email":"jdhughes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Malservisi, Rocco","contributorId":139923,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malservisi","given":"Rocco","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7163,"text":"University of South Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wetmore, Paul","contributorId":139924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wetmore","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7163,"text":"University of South Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70203358,"text":"70203358 - 2015 - Modeling and management of pit lake water chemistry 2: Case studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-07T13:32:35","indexId":"70203358","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T13:28:17","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling and management of pit lake water chemistry 2: Case studies","docAbstract":"

Pit lakes, a common product of open pit mining techniques, may become long-term, post-mining environmental risks or long-term, post-mining water resources depending upon management decisions. This study reviews two published pit lake modeling studies and one pit lake monitoring program in order to increase the transparency of approaches used in pit lake prediction and management. The first model is a two-year limnological simulation of the existing Dexter pit lake, Nevada, USA that accurately modeled temperature profiles, salinity profiles, and turnover events observed between 1999 and 2000. The second model is a 55-year prediction of a future pit lake in the Martha Mine, New Zealand that identified the need for additional mitigation and evaluated potential effects of cost-effective mitigation options. The final study reviews eight years of monitoring data collected from the Berkeley pit lake, Montana, USA, from 2004 to 2012. This study identifies changes in the physical limnology and water quality of the pit lake that resulted from metal recovery operations, and highlights the value of monitoring programs in general. Whereas these pit lakes are different in many ways, the management tools discussed herein maximized the value and understanding of the post-mining resources.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.09.003","usgsCitation":"Castendyk, D., Balistrieri, L.S., Gammons, C., and Tucci, N., 2015, Modeling and management of pit lake water chemistry 2: Case studies: Applied Geochemistry, v. 57, p. 289-307, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.09.003.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"307","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363566,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States, New Zealand","volume":"57","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Castendyk, D.N.","contributorId":215422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castendyk","given":"D.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":762292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Balistrieri, Laurie S. 0000-0002-6359-3849 balistri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-3849","contributorId":1406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balistrieri","given":"Laurie","email":"balistri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gammons, C.H.","contributorId":18459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gammons","given":"C.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":762294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tucci, N.","contributorId":215424,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tucci","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":762295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70203357,"text":"70203357 - 2015 - Modeling and management of pit lake water chemistry 1: Theory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-07T13:27:13","indexId":"70203357","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T13:22:41","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling and management of pit lake water chemistry 1: Theory","docAbstract":"

Pit lakes are permanent hydrologic/landscape features that can result from open pit mining for metals, coal, uranium, diamonds, oil sands, and aggregates. Risks associated with pit lakes include local and regional impacts to water quality and related impacts to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Stakeholders rely on predictive models of water chemistry to prepare for and manage these risks. This paper is the first of a two part series on the modeling and management of pit lakes. Herein, we review approaches that have been used to quantify wall-rock runoff geochemistry, wall-rock leachate geochemistry, pit lake water balance, pit lake limnology (i.e. extent of vertical mixing), and pit lake water quality, and conclude with guidance on the application of models within the mine life cycle. The purpose of this paper is to better prepare stakeholders, including future modelers, mine managers, consultants, permitting agencies, land management agencies, regulators, research scientists, academics, and other interested parties, for the challenges of predicting and managing future pit lakes in un-mined areas.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.09.004","usgsCitation":"Castendyk, D., Eary, L., and Balistrieri, L.S., 2015, Modeling and management of pit lake water chemistry 1: Theory: Applied Geochemistry, v. 57, p. 267-288, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.09.004.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"267","endPage":"288","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363565,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Castendyk, D.N.","contributorId":215422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castendyk","given":"D.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":762289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eary, L.E.","contributorId":215423,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eary","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":762290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Balistrieri, Laurie S. 0000-0002-6359-3849 balistri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-3849","contributorId":1406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balistrieri","given":"Laurie","email":"balistri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70154992,"text":"70154992 - 2015 - The role of the geophysical template and environmental regimes in controlling stream-living trout populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T18:03:32","indexId":"70154992","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of the geophysical template and environmental regimes in controlling stream-living trout populations","docAbstract":"

The importance of multiple processes and instream factors to aquatic biota has been explored extensively, but questions remain about how local spatiotemporal variability of aquatic biota is tied to environmental regimes and the geophysical template of streams. We used an individual-based trout model to explore the relative role of the geophysical template versus environmental regimes on biomass of trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii). We parameterized the model with observed data from each of the four headwater streams (their local geophysical template and environmental regime) and then ran 12 simulations where we replaced environmental regimes (stream temperature, flow, turbidity) of a given stream with values from each neighboring stream while keeping the geophysical template fixed. We also performed single-parameter sensitivity analyses on the model results from each of the four streams. Although our modeled findings show that trout biomass is most responsive to changes in the geophysical template of streams, they also reveal that biomass is restricted by available habitat during seasonal low flow, which is a product of both the stream’s geophysical template and flow regime. Our modeled results suggest that differences in the geophysical template among streams render trout more or less sensitive to environmental change, emphasizing the importance of local fish–habitat relationships in streams.

","language":"English","publisher":"National Research Council Canada","publisherLocation":"Ottawa","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2014-0377","collaboration":"U.S. Forest Service, Weyerhaeuser Corporation","usgsCitation":"Penaluna, B.E., Railsback, S., Dunham, J., Johnson, S., Bilby, R.E., and Skaugset, A.E., 2015, The role of the geophysical template and environmental regimes in controlling stream-living trout populations: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 72, no. 6, p. 893-901, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2014-0377.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"893","endPage":"901","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052252","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305960,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55b361b6e4b09a3b01b5dabd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Penaluna, Brooke E.","contributorId":104817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Penaluna","given":"Brooke","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Railsback, Steve F.","contributorId":68449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Railsback","given":"Steve F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dunham, Jason B. jdunham@usgs.gov","contributorId":145517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason B.","email":"jdunham@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, S.","contributorId":70323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bilby, Richard E.","contributorId":145928,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bilby","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Skaugset, Arne E.","contributorId":145929,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Skaugset","given":"Arne","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70157065,"text":"70157065 - 2015 - Synthesis on Quaternary aeolian research in the unglaciated eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-09T11:37:12","indexId":"70157065","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":666,"text":"Aeolian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Synthesis on Quaternary aeolian research in the unglaciated eastern United States","docAbstract":"

Late-middle and late Pleistocene, and Holocene, inland aeolian sand and loess blanket >90,000 km2 of the unglaciated eastern United States of America (USA). Deposits are most extensive in the Lower Mississippi Valley (LMV) and Atlantic Coastal Plain (ACP), areas presently lacking significant aeolian activity. They provide evidence of paleoclimate intervals when wind erosion and deposition were dominant land-altering processes. This study synthesizes available data for aeolian sand deposits in the LMV, the Eastern Gulf Coastal Plain (EGCP) and the ACP, and loess deposits in the Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain (MACP). Data indicate: (a) the most recent major aeolian activity occurred in response to and coincident with growth and decay of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS); (b) by ∼40 ka, aeolian processes greatly influenced landscape evolution in all three regions; (c) aeolian activity peaked in OIS2; (d) OIS3 and OIS2 aeolian records are in regional agreement with paleoecological records; and (e) limited aeolian activity occurred in the Holocene (EGCP and ACP). Paleoclimate and atmospheric-circulation models (PCMs/ACMs) for the last glacial maximum (LGM) show westerly winter winds for the unglaciated eastern USA, but do not resolve documented W and SW winds in the SEACP and WNW and N winds in the MACP. The minimum areal extent of aeolian deposits in the EGCP and ACP is ∼10,000 km2. For the LMV, it is >80,000 km2. Based on these estimates, published PCMs/ACMs likely underrepresent the areal extent of LGM aeolian activity, as well as the extent and complexity of climatic changes during this interval.

","language":"English","publisher":"International Society of Aeolian Research","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2015.01.011","usgsCitation":"Markewich, H.W., Litwin, R.J., Wysocki, D., and Pavich, M.J., 2015, Synthesis on Quaternary aeolian research in the unglaciated eastern United States: Aeolian Research, v. 17, p. 139-191, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2015.01.011.","productDescription":"53 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"191","numberOfPages":"53","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062506","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308016,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55f15833e4b0dacf699eb983","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markewich, Helaine W. 0000-0001-9656-3243 helainem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9656-3243","contributorId":2008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markewich","given":"Helaine","email":"helainem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Litwin, Ronald J. 0000-0002-8661-1296 rlitwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8661-1296","contributorId":2478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litwin","given":"Ronald","email":"rlitwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wysocki, Douglas A.","contributorId":61320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wysocki","given":"Douglas A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pavich, Milan J. mpavich@usgs.gov","contributorId":2348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavich","given":"Milan","email":"mpavich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70155261,"text":"70155261 - 2015 - The leading mode of observed and CMIP5 ENSO-residual sea surface temperatures and associated changes in Indo-Pacific climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-27T13:00:12","indexId":"70155261","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The leading mode of observed and CMIP5 ENSO-residual sea surface temperatures and associated changes in Indo-Pacific climate","docAbstract":"

SSTs in the western Pacific Ocean have tracked closely with CMIP5 simulations despite recent hiatus cooling in the eastern Pacific. This paper quantifies these similarities and associated circulation and precipitation variations using the first global 1900–2012 ENSO-residual empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) of 35 variables: observed SSTs; 28 CMIP5 SST simulations; Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) 25-, 70-, and 171-m ocean temperatures and sea surface heights (SSHs); and Twentieth Century Reanalysis, version 2 (20CRv2), surface winds and precipitation.

\n

While estimated independently, these leading EOFs across all variables fit together in a meaningful way, and the authors refer to them jointly as the west Pacific warming mode (WPWM). WPWM SST EOFs correspond closely in space and time. Their spatial patterns form a “western V” extending from the Maritime Continent into the extratropical Pacific. Their temporal principal components (PCs) have increased rapidly since 1990; this increase has been primarily due to radiative forcing and not natural decadal variability.

\n

WPWM circulation changes appear consistent with a Matsuno–Gill-like atmospheric response associated with an ocean–atmosphere dipole structure contrasting increased (decreased) western (eastern) Pacific precipitation, SSHs, and ocean temperatures. These changes have enhanced the Walker circulation and modulated weather on a global scale. An AGCM experiment and the WPWM of global boreal spring precipitation indicate significant drying across parts of East Africa, the Middle East, the southwestern United States, southern South America, and Asia. Changes in the WPWM have tracked closely with precipitation and the increase in drought frequency over the semiarid and water-insecure areas of East Africa, the Middle East, and southwest Asia.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","doi":"10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00334.1","usgsCitation":"Funk, C.C., and Hoell. Andrew, 2015, The leading mode of observed and CMIP5 ENSO-residual sea surface temperatures and associated changes in Indo-Pacific climate: Journal of Climate, v. 28, no. 11, p. 4309-4329, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00334.1.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"4309","endPage":"4329","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056779","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306492,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7ef1ae4b0bc0bec09eee2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Funk, Christopher C. 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Christopher","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":565415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoell. Andrew","contributorId":145831,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoell. Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":13549,"text":"UC Santa Barbara Climate Hazards Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70148566,"text":"70148566 - 2015 - Potential effects of climate change on the growth of fishes from different thermal guilds in Lakes Michigan and Huron","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-10T13:24:36","indexId":"70148566","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential effects of climate change on the growth of fishes from different thermal guilds in Lakes Michigan and Huron","docAbstract":"

We used a bioenergetics modeling approach to investigate potential effects of climate change on the growth of two economically important native fishes: yellow perch (Perca flavescens), a cool-water fish, and lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), a cold-water fish, in deep and oligotrophic Lakes Michigan and Huron. For assessing potential changes in fish growth, we contrasted simulated fish growth in the projected future climate regime during the period 2043-2070 under different prey availability scenarios with the simulated growth during the baseline (historical reference) period 1964-1993. Results showed that effects of climate change on the growth of these two fishes are jointly controlled by behavioral thermoregulation and prey availability. With the ability of behavioral thermoregulation, temperatures experienced by yellow perch in the projected future climate regime increased more than those experienced by lake whitefish. Thus simulated future growth decreased more for yellow perch than for lake whitefish under scenarios where prey availability remains constant into the future. Under high prey availability scenarios, simulated future growth of these two fishes both increased but yellow perch could not maintain the baseline efficiency of converting prey consumption into body weight. We contended that thermal guild should not be the only factor used to predict effects of climate change on the growth of a fish, and that ecosystem responses to climate change should be also taken into account.

","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","publisherLocation":"Toronto","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2015.03.012","usgsCitation":"Kao, Y., Madenjian, C.P., Bunnell, D., Lofgren, B.M., and Perroud, M., 2015, Potential effects of climate change on the growth of fishes from different thermal guilds in Lakes Michigan and Huron: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 41, no. 2, p. 423-435, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2015.03.012.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"423","endPage":"435","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052585","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301220,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Huron, Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": 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cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bunnell, David B. dbunnell@usgs.gov","contributorId":141167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"David B.","email":"dbunnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lofgren, Brent M.","contributorId":139534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lofgren","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12789,"text":"NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Perroud, Marjorie","contributorId":139535,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perroud","given":"Marjorie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12790,"text":"Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research, University of Michigan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70148562,"text":"70148562 - 2015 - Performance metrics and variance partitioning reveal sources of uncertainty in species distribution models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-15T10:14:45","indexId":"70148562","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological 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Species distribution models (SDMs) are widely used in basic and applied ecology, making it important to understand sources and magnitudes of uncertainty in SDM performance and predictions. We analyzed SDM performance and partitioned variance among prediction maps for 15 rare vertebrate species in the southeastern USA using all possible combinations of seven potential sources of uncertainty in SDMs: algorithms, climate datasets, model domain, species presences, variable collinearity, CO2 emissions scenarios, and general circulation models. The choice of modeling algorithm was the greatest source of uncertainty in SDM performance and prediction maps, with some additional variation in performance associated with the comprehensiveness of the species presences used for modeling. Other sources of uncertainty that have received attention in the SDM literature such as variable collinearity and model domain contributed little to differences in SDM performance or predictions in this study. Predictions from different algorithms tended to be more variable at northern range margins for species with more northern distributions, which may complicate conservation planning at the leading edge of species' geographic ranges. The clear message emerging from this work is that researchers should use multiple algorithms for modeling rather than relying on predictions from a single algorithm, invest resources in compiling a comprehensive set of species presences, and explicitly evaluate uncertainty in SDM predictions at leading range margins.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.03.017","usgsCitation":"Watling, J., Brandt, L., Bucklin, D., Fujisaki, I., Mazzotti, F., Romanach, S.S., and Speroterra, C., 2015, Performance metrics and variance partitioning reveal sources of uncertainty in species distribution models: Ecological Modelling, v. 309-310, p. 48-59, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.03.017.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"48","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061287","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301222,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"309-310","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"557ff73ae4b023124e8ef986","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watling, James I.","contributorId":101963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watling","given":"James I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brandt, Laura A.","contributorId":18608,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brandt","given":"Laura A.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bucklin, David N.","contributorId":58963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bucklin","given":"David N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fujisaki, Ikuko","contributorId":42152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fujisaki","given":"Ikuko","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mazzotti, Frank J.","contributorId":100018,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mazzotti","given":"Frank J.","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Romanach, Stephanie S. 0000-0003-0271-7825 sromanach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-7825","contributorId":140419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanach","given":"Stephanie","email":"sromanach@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Speroterra, Carolina","contributorId":34451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speroterra","given":"Carolina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70148564,"text":"70148564 - 2015 - Predicting alpine headwater stream intermittency: a case study in the northern Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-16T09:26:57","indexId":"70148564","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3892,"text":"Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting alpine headwater stream intermittency: a case study in the northern Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"

This investigation used climatic, geological, and environmental data coupled with observational stream intermittency data to predict alpine headwater stream intermittency. Prediction was made using a random forest classification model. Results showed that the most important variables in the prediction model were snowpack persistence, represented by average snow extent from March through July, mean annual mean monthly minimum temperature, and surface geology types. For stream catchments with intermittent headwater streams, snowpack, on average, persisted until early June, whereas for stream catchments with perennial headwater streams, snowpack, on average, persisted until early July. Additionally, on average, stream catchments with intermittent headwater streams were about 0.7 °C warmer than stream catchments with perennial headwater streams. Finally, headwater stream catchments primarily underlain by coarse, permeable sediment are significantly more likely to have intermittent headwater streams than those primarily underlain by impermeable bedrock. Comparison of the predicted streamflow classification with observed stream status indicated a four percent classification error for first-order streams and a 21 percent classification error for all stream orders in the study area.

","language":"English","publisher":"International Centre for Ecology","publisherLocation":"Warsaw","doi":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2015.04.002","usgsCitation":"Sando, R., and Blasch, K.W., 2015, Predicting alpine headwater stream intermittency: a case study in the northern Rocky Mountains: Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology, v. 15, no. 2, p. 68-80, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecohyd.2015.04.002.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"68","endPage":"80","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052878","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301221,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"557ff73ae4b023124e8ef98a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sando, Roy 0000-0003-0704-6258","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0704-6258","contributorId":3874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sando","given":"Roy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blasch, Kyle W. 0000-0002-0590-0724 kblasch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0590-0724","contributorId":1631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blasch","given":"Kyle","email":"kblasch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70148576,"text":"70148576 - 2015 - Simulating long-term effectiveness and efficiency of management scenarios for an invasive grass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-11T09:08:10","indexId":"70148576","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3893,"text":"AIMS Environmental Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulating long-term effectiveness and efficiency of management scenarios for an invasive grass","docAbstract":"

Resource managers are often faced with trade-offs in allocating limited resources to manage plant invasions. These decisions must often be made with uncertainty about the location of infestations, their rate of spread and effectiveness of management actions. Landscape level simulation tools such as state-and-transition simulation models (STSMs) can be used to evaluate the potential long term consequences of alternative management strategies and help identify those strategies that make efficient use of resources. We analyzed alternative management scenarios for African buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare syn. Cenchrus ciliaris) at Ironwood Forest National Monument, Arizona using a spatially explicit STSM implemented in the Tool for Exploratory Landscape Scenario Analyses (TELSA). Buffelgrass is an invasive grass that is spreading rapidly in the Sonoran Desert, affecting multiple habitats and jurisdictions. This invasion is creating a novel fire risk and transforming natural ecosystems. The model used in this application incorporates buffelgrass dispersal and establishment and management actions and effectiveness including inventory, treatment and post-treatment maintenance. We simulated 11 alternative scenarios developed in consultation with buffelgrass managers and other stakeholders. The scenarios vary according to the total budget allocated for management and the allocation of that budget between different kinds of management actions. Scenario results suggest that to achieve an actual reduction and stabilization of buffelgrass populations, management unconstrained by fiscal restrictions and across all jurisdictions and private lands is required; without broad and aggressive management, buffelgrass populations are expected to increase over time. However, results also suggest that large upfront investments can achieve control results that require relatively minimal spending in the future. Investing the necessary funds upfront to control the invasion results in the most efficient use of resources to achieve lowest invaded acreage in the long-term.

","language":"English","publisher":"AIMS Press","doi":"10.3934/environsci.2015.2.427","usgsCitation":"Jarnevich, C.S., Holcombe, T.R., Cullinane Thomas, C., Frid, L., and Olsson, A.D., 2015, Simulating long-term effectiveness and efficiency of management scenarios for an invasive grass: AIMS Environmental Science, v. 2, no. 2, p. 427-447, https://doi.org/10.3934/environsci.2015.2.427.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"427","endPage":"447","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063100","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3934/environsci.2015.2.427","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":308153,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Ironwood Forest National Monument","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.86004638671875,\n 32.20118126633929\n ],\n [\n -111.24755859375,\n 32.20118126633929\n ],\n [\n -111.24755859375,\n 32.648625783736726\n ],\n [\n -111.86004638671875,\n 32.648625783736726\n ],\n [\n -111.86004638671875,\n 32.20118126633929\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fa92d3e4b05d6c4e501acf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarnevich, Catherine S. 0000-0002-9699-2336 jarnevichc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-2336","contributorId":3424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"Catherine","email":"jarnevichc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holcombe, Tracy R. holcombet@usgs.gov","contributorId":3694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holcombe","given":"Tracy","email":"holcombet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cullinane Thomas, Catherine 0000-0001-8168-1271 ccullinanethomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8168-1271","contributorId":141097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cullinane Thomas","given":"Catherine","email":"ccullinanethomas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frid, Leonardo","contributorId":56553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frid","given":"Leonardo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Olsson, Aaryn D.","contributorId":71044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsson","given":"Aaryn","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70148400,"text":"70148400 - 2015 - Biodynamics of copper oxide nanoparticles and copper ions in an oligochaete: Part I: relative importance of water and sediment as exposure routes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T16:24:31","indexId":"70148400","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biodynamics of copper oxide nanoparticles and copper ions in an oligochaete: Part I: relative importance of water and sediment as exposure routes","docAbstract":"

Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used, and likely released into the aquatic environment. Both aqueous (i.e., dissolved Cu) and particulate Cu can be taken up by organisms. However, how exposure routes influence the bioavailability and subsequent toxicity of Cu remains largely unknown. Here, we assess the importance of exposure routes (water and sediment) and Cu forms (aqueous and nanoparticulate) on Cu bioavailability and toxicity to the freshwater oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus, a head-down deposit-feeder. We characterize the bioaccumulation dynamics of Cu in L. variegatus across a range of exposure concentrations, covering both realistic and worst-case levels of Cu contamination in the environment. Both aqueous Cu (Cu-Aq; administered as Cu(NO3)2) and nanoparticulate Cu (CuO NPs), whether dispersed in artificial moderately hard freshwater or mixed into sediment, were weakly accumulated by L. variegatus. Once incorporated into tissues, Cu elimination was negligible, i.e., elimination rate constants were in general not different from zero for either exposure route or either Cu form. Toxicity was only observed after waterborne exposure to Cu-Aq at very high concentration (305 µgL-1), where all worms died. There was no relationship between exposure route, Cu form or Cu exposure concentration on either worm survival or growth. Slow feeding rates and low Cu assimilation efficiency (approximately 30%) characterized the uptake of Cu from the sediment for both Cu forms. In nature, L. variegatus is potentially exposed to Cu via both water and sediment. However, sediment progressively becomes the predominant exposure route for Cu in L. variegatus as Cu partitioning to sediment increases.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.04.022","usgsCitation":"Ramskov, T., Thit, A., Croteau, M.N., and Selck, H., 2015, Biodynamics of copper oxide nanoparticles and copper ions in an oligochaete: Part I: relative importance of water and sediment as exposure routes: Aquatic Toxicology, v. 164, p. 81-91, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.04.022.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"91","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061794","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300967,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"164","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"556ed3b7e4b0d9246a9fa7c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramskov, Tina","contributorId":140202,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramskov","given":"Tina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13410,"text":"Department of Environmental, Social and Spatial Change, Roskilde University, PO Box 260, Universitetsvej 1, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thit, Amalie","contributorId":141022,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thit","given":"Amalie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13657,"text":"Department of Environmental, Social and Spatial Change, Roskilde University, Denmark","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Croteau, Marie Noele 0000-0003-0346-3580 mcroteau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0346-3580","contributorId":895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croteau","given":"Marie","email":"mcroteau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Noele","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Selck, Henriette","contributorId":28475,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Selck","given":"Henriette","affiliations":[{"id":13410,"text":"Department of Environmental, Social and Spatial Change, Roskilde University, PO Box 260, Universitetsvej 1, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70154744,"text":"70154744 - 2015 - Decadal re-evaluation of contaminant exposure and productivity of ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) nesting in Chesapeake Bay Regions of Concern","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T15:59:47","indexId":"70154744","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decadal re-evaluation of contaminant exposure and productivity of ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) nesting in Chesapeake Bay Regions of Concern","docAbstract":"

The last large-scale ecotoxicological study of ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) in Chesapeake Bay was conducted in 2000-2001 and focused on U.S. EPA-designated Regions of Concern (ROCs; Baltimore Harbor/Patapsco, Anacostia/middle Potomac, and Elizabeth Rivers). In 2011-2012, ROCs were re-evaluated to determine spatial and temporal trends in productivity and contaminants. Concentrations of p,p'-DDE were low in eggs and below the threshold associated with eggshell thinning. Eggs from the Anacostia/middle Potomac Rivers had lower total PCB concentrations in 2011 than in 2000; however, concentrations remained unchanged in Baltimore Harbor. Polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants declined by 40%, and five alternative brominated flame retardants were detected at low levels. Osprey productivity was adequate to sustain local populations, and there was no relation between productivity and halogenated contaminants. Our findings document continued recovery of the osprey population, declining levels of many persistent halogenated compounds, and modest evidence of genetic damage in nestlings from industrialized regions.

","language":"English","publisher":"Applied Science Publishers","publisherLocation":"Barking, Essex, England","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2015.05.026","collaboration":"Peter C. McGowan, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Field Office, Annapolis, Maryland; Robert C. Hale, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA; Mary Ann Ottinger, Marine-Estuarine Environmental Sciences Program and Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD","usgsCitation":"Lazarus, R.S., Rattner, B.A., McGowan, P.C., Hale, R.C., Schultz, S.L., Karouna-Renier, N.K., and Ottinger, M.A., 2015, Decadal re-evaluation of contaminant exposure and productivity of ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) nesting in Chesapeake Bay Regions of Concern: Environmental Pollution, v. 205, p. 278-290, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2015.05.026.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"278","endPage":"290","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065668","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open 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drift of pallid sturgeon in the Lower Missouri River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T14:31:57","indexId":"70148485","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of channel morphology and flow regime on larval drift of pallid sturgeon in the Lower Missouri River","docAbstract":"

The transition from drifting free embryo to exogenously feeding larvae has been identified as a potential life-stage bottleneck for the endangered Missouri River pallid sturgeon. Previous studies have indicated that river regulation and fragmentation may contribute to the mortality of larval pallid sturgeon by reducing the extent of free-flowing river available to free embryos to complete ontogenetic development. Calculations of total drift distance based on mean velocity, however, do not address the potential for complex channels and flow patterns to increase retention or longitudinal dispersion of free embryos. We use a one-dimensional advection–dispersion model to estimate total drift distance and employ the longitudinal dispersion coefficient as a metric to quantify the tendency towards dispersion or retention of passively drifting larvae. We describe the effects of different styles of channel morphology on larval dispersion and consider the implications of flow regime modifications on retention of free embryos within the Lower Missouri River. The results illustrate the complex interactions of local morphology, engineered structures, and hydraulics that determine patterns of dispersion in riverine environments and inform how changes to channel morphology and flow regime may alter dispersion of drifting organisms.

","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","publisherLocation":"Chichester, West Sussex, UK","doi":"10.1002/rra.2752","usgsCitation":"Erwin, S.O., and Jacobson, R.B., 2015, Influence of channel morphology and flow regime on larval drift of pallid sturgeon in the Lower Missouri River: River Research and Applications, v. 31, no. 5, p. 538-551, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2752.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"538","endPage":"551","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051680","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301091,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55780e2de4b032353cbeb6f6","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/rra.2752","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.2752","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Erwin S. O., Jacobson R. B.","journalName":"River Research and Applications","publicationDate":"4/11/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erwin, Susannah O. 0000-0002-2799-0118 serwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2799-0118","contributorId":5183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"Susannah","email":"serwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}