{"pageNumber":"542","pageRowStart":"13525","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40783,"records":[{"id":70148464,"text":"70148464 - 2015 - Natural trophic variability in a large, oligotrophic, near-pristine lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-09T09:19:21","indexId":"70148464","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natural trophic variability in a large, oligotrophic, near-pristine lake","docAbstract":"<p>Conclusions drawn from stable isotope data can be limited by an incomplete understanding of natural isotopic variability over time and space. We quantified spatial and temporal variability in fish carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in Lake H&ouml;vsg&ouml;l, Mongolia, a large, remote, oligotrophic lake with an unusually species-poor fish community. The fish community demonstrated a high degree of trophic level overlap. Variability in &delta;<sup>13</sup>C was inversely related to littoral-benthic dependence, with pelagic species demonstrating more &delta;<sup>13</sup>C variability than littoral-benthic species. A mixed effects model suggested that space (sampling location) had a greater impact than time (collection year) on both &delta;<sup>13</sup>C and &delta;<sup>15</sup>N variability. The observed variability in Lake H&ouml;vsg&ouml;l was generally greater than isotopic variability documented in other large, oligotrophic lakes, similar to isotopic shifts attributed to introduced species, and less than isotopic shifts attributed to anthropogenic chemical changes such as eutrophication. This work complements studies on isotopic variability and changes in other lakes around the world.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","publisherLocation":"Toronto","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2015.02.010","usgsCitation":"Young, T., Jensen, O.P., Weidel, B., and Chandra, S., 2015, Natural trophic variability in a large, oligotrophic, near-pristine lake: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 41, no. 2, p. 463-472, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2015.02.010.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"463","endPage":"472","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056094","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472044,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2015.02.010","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":301087,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55780e2fe4b032353cbeb6f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, Talia","contributorId":141088,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Talia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jensen, Olaf P.","contributorId":92159,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jensen","given":"Olaf","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weidel, Brian 0000-0001-6095-2773 bweidel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6095-2773","contributorId":2485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidel","given":"Brian","email":"bweidel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chandra, Sudeep","contributorId":33195,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chandra","given":"Sudeep","affiliations":[{"id":12742,"text":"University of Nevada Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70148554,"text":"70148554 - 2015 - Computational fluid dynamics-habitat suitability index (CFD-HSI) modelling as an exploratory tool for assessing passability of riverine migratory challenge zones for fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-12T09:17:06","indexId":"70148554","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Computational fluid dynamics-habitat suitability index (CFD-HSI) modelling as an exploratory tool for assessing passability of riverine migratory challenge zones for fish","docAbstract":"<p>We developed two-dimensional computational fluid hydraulics-habitat suitability index (CFD-HSI) models to identify and qualitatively assess potential zones of shallow water depth and high water velocity that may present passage challenges for five major anadromous fish species in a 2.63-km reach of the main stem Penobscot River, Maine, as a result of a dam removal downstream of the reach. Suitability parameters were based on distribution of fish lengths and body depths and transformed to cruising, maximum sustained and sprint swimming speeds. Zones of potential depth and velocity challenges were calculated based on the hydraulic models; ability of fish to pass a challenge zone was based on the percent of river channel that the contiguous zone spanned and its maximum along-current length. Three river flows (low: 99.1 m<sup>3</sup> sec<sup>-1</sup>; normal: 344.9 m<sup>3</sup> sec<sup>-1</sup>; and high: 792.9 m<sup>3</sup> sec<sup>-1</sup>) were modelled to simulate existing hydraulic conditions and hydraulic conditions simulating removal of a dam at the downstream boundary of the reach. Potential depth challenge zones were nonexistent for all low-flow simulations of existing conditions for deeper-bodied fishes. Increasing flows for existing conditions and removal of the dam under all flow conditions increased the number and size of potential velocity challenge zones, with the effects of zones being more pronounced for smaller species. The two-dimensional CFD-HSI model has utility in demonstrating gross effects of flow and hydraulic alteration, but may not be as precise a predictive tool as a three-dimensional model. Passability of the potential challenge zones cannot be precisely quantified for two-dimensional or three-dimensional models due to untested assumptions and incomplete data on fish swimming performance and behaviours.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","publisherLocation":"Chichester, West Sussex, UK","doi":"10.1002/rra.2911","usgsCitation":"Haro, A.J., Chelminski, M., and Dudley, R.W., 2015, Computational fluid dynamics-habitat suitability index (CFD-HSI) modelling as an exploratory tool for assessing passability of riverine migratory challenge zones for fish: River Research and Applications, v. 31, no. 5, p. 526-537, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2911.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"526","endPage":"537","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049212","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301180,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"557c02c5e4b023124e8edf09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haro, Alexander J. 0000-0002-7188-9172 aharo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-9172","contributorId":2917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haro","given":"Alexander","email":"aharo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chelminski, Michael","contributorId":9532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chelminski","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dudley, Robert W. 0000-0002-0934-0568 rwdudley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-0568","contributorId":2223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Robert","email":"rwdudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70160463,"text":"70160463 - 2015 - Stable isotopes suggest low site fidelity in Bar-Headed Geese (Anser indicus) in Mongolia: Implications for disease transmission","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-31T14:56:02.468976","indexId":"70160463","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Stable isotopes suggest low site fidelity in Bar-Headed Geese (<i>Anser indicus</i>) in Mongolia: Implications for disease transmission","title":"Stable isotopes suggest low site fidelity in Bar-Headed Geese (Anser indicus) in Mongolia: Implications for disease transmission","docAbstract":"<p>Population connectivity is an important consideration in studies of disease transmission and biological conservation, especially with regard to migratory species. Determining how and when different subpopulations intermingle during different phases of the annual cycle can help identify important geographical regions or features as targets for conservation efforts and can help inform our understanding of continental-scale disease transmission. In this study, stable isotopes of hydrogen and carbon in contour feathers were used to assess the degree of molt-site fidelity among Bar-headed Geese (<i>Anser indicus</i>) captured in north-central Mongolia. Samples were collected from actively molting Bar-headed Geese (<i>n</i> = 61), and some individual samples included both a newly grown feather (still in sheath) and an old, worn feather from the bird's previous molt (<i>n</i> = 21). Although there was no difference in mean hydrogen isotope ratios for the old and new feathers, the isotopic variance in old feathers was approximately three times higher than that of the new feathers, which suggests that these birds use different and geographically distant molting locations from year to year. To further test this conclusion, online data and modeling tools from the isoMAP website were used to generate probability landscapes for the origin of each feather. Likely molting locations were much more widespread for old feathers than for new feathers, which supports the prospect of low molt-site fidelity. This finding indicates that population connectivity would be greater than expected based on data from a single annual cycle, and that disease spread can be rapid even in areas like Mongolia where Bar-headed Geese generally breed in small isolated groups.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","publisherLocation":"Washington D.C.","doi":"10.1675/063.038.0201","usgsCitation":"Bridge, E., Kelly, J., Xiao, X., Batbayar, N., Natsagdorj, T., Hill, N., Takekawa, J.Y., Hawkes, L.A., Bishop, C.M., Butler, P.J., and Newman, S.H., 2015, Stable isotopes suggest low site fidelity in Bar-Headed Geese (Anser indicus) in Mongolia: Implications for disease transmission: Waterbirds, v. 38, no. 2, p. 123-132, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.038.0201.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"132","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064859","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research 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PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"567930d4e4b0da412f4fb59e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bridge, Eli S.","contributorId":79413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridge","given":"Eli S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelly, Jeffrey F.","contributorId":88291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Jeffrey F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xiao, Xiangming","contributorId":150759,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xiao","given":"Xiangming","affiliations":[{"id":18095,"text":"Center for Spatial Analysis, U of OK, Norman, OK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Batbayar, Nyambayar","contributorId":40338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batbayar","given":"Nyambayar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Natsagdorj, Tseveenmyadag","contributorId":28729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Natsagdorj","given":"Tseveenmyadag","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hill, Nichola J.","contributorId":30342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Nichola J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":582973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hawkes, Lucy A.","contributorId":58761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawkes","given":"Lucy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bishop, Charles M.","contributorId":98867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Butler, Patrick J.","contributorId":103782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Newman, Scott H.","contributorId":101372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70159048,"text":"70159048 - 2015 - Hydrology: The interdisciplinary science of water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-15T09:08:54","indexId":"70159048","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrology: The interdisciplinary science of water","docAbstract":"<p>We live in a world where biophysical and social processes are tightly coupled. Hydrologic systems change in response to a variety of natural and human forces such as climate variability and change, water use and water infrastructure, and land cover change. In turn, changes in hydrologic systems impact socioeconomic, ecological, and climate systems at a number of scales, leading to a coevolution of these interlinked systems. The Harvard Water Program, Hydrosociology, Integrated Water Resources Management, Ecohydrology, Hydromorphology, and Sociohydrology were all introduced to provide distinct, interdisciplinary perspectives on water problems to address the contemporary dynamics of human interaction with the hydrosphere and the evolution of the Earth&rsquo;s hydrologic systems. Each of them addresses scientific, social, and engineering challenges related to how humans influence water systems and vice versa. There are now numerous examples in the literature of how holistic approaches can provide a structure and vision of the future of hydrology. We review selected examples, which taken together, describe the type of theoretical and applied integrated hydrologic analyses and associated curricular content required to address the societal issue of water resources sustainability. We describe a modern interdisciplinary science of hydrology needed to develop an in-depth understanding of the dynamics of the connectedness between human and natural systems and to determine effective solutions to resolve the complex water problems that the world faces today. Nearly, every theoretical hydrologic model introduced previously is in need of revision to accommodate how climate, land, vegetation, and socioeconomic factors interact, change, and evolve over time.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015WR017049","usgsCitation":"Vogel, R.M., Lall, U., Cai, X., Rajagopalan, B., Weiskel, P.K., Hooper, R.P., and Matalas, N.C., 2015, Hydrology: The interdisciplinary science of water: Water Resources Research, v. 51, no. 6, p. 4409-4430, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017049.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"4409","endPage":"4430","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065855","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472065,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015wr017049","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":309897,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5620ce77e4b06217fc478aee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vogel, Richard M.","contributorId":66811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lall, Upmanu","contributorId":101172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lall","given":"Upmanu","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cai, Ximing","contributorId":149230,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cai","given":"Ximing","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17685,"text":"University of Illinois, Champagne-Urbana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rajagopalan, Balaji","contributorId":145813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rajagopalan","given":"Balaji","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16240,"text":"U of Colorado, Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weiskel, Peter K. pweiskel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiskel","given":"Peter","email":"pweiskel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hooper, Richard P.","contributorId":19144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Matalas, Nicholas C.","contributorId":34535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matalas","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70159219,"text":"70159219 - 2015 - The changing strength and nature of fire-climate relationships in the northern Rocky Mountains, U.S.A., 1902-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-24T13:45:44","indexId":"70159219","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The changing strength and nature of fire-climate relationships in the northern Rocky Mountains, U.S.A., 1902-2008","docAbstract":"<p><span>Time-varying fire-climate relationships may represent an important component of fire-regime variability, relevant for understanding the controls of fire and projecting fire activity under global-change scenarios. We used time-varying statistical models to evaluate if and how fire-climate relationships varied from 1902-2008, in one of the most flammable forested regions of the western U.S.A. Fire-danger and water-balance metrics yielded the best combination of calibration accuracy and predictive skill in modeling annual area burned. The strength of fire-climate relationships varied markedly at multi-decadal scales, with models explaining &lt; 40% to 88% of the variation in annual area burned. The early 20th century (1902-1942) and the most recent two decades (1985-2008) exhibited strong fire-climate relationships, with weaker relationships for much of the mid 20th century (1943-1984), coincident with diminished burning, less fire-conducive climate, and the initiation of modern fire fighting. Area burned and the strength of fire-climate relationships increased sharply in the mid 1980s, associated with increased temperatures and longer potential fire seasons. Unlike decades with high burning in the early 20th century, models developed using fire-climate relationships from recent decades overpredicted area burned when applied to earlier periods. This amplified response of fire to climate is a signature of altered fire-climate-relationships, and it implicates non-climatic factors in this recent shift. Changes in fuel structure and availability following 40+ yr of unusually low fire activity, and possibly land use, may have resulted in increased fire vulnerability beyond expectations from climatic factors alone. Our results highlight the potential for non-climatic factors to alter fire-climate relationships, and the need to account for such dynamics, through adaptable statistical or processes-based models, for accurately predicting future fire activity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0127563","usgsCitation":"Littell, J.S., 2015, The changing strength and nature of fire-climate relationships in the northern Rocky Mountains, U.S.A., 1902-2008: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 6, e0127563: 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127563.","productDescription":"e0127563: 21 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063794","costCenters":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472062,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127563","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310399,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.35693359375,\n              48.980216985374994\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.02734374999999,\n              48.58932584966972\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.67578124999999,\n              48.1367666796927\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.6650390625,\n              47.27922900257082\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.9072265625,\n              46.965259400349275\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.9072265625,\n              46.07323062540838\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.57763671875,\n              45.644768217751924\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.76416015625,\n              45.73685954736049\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.07177734375,\n              45.24395342262324\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.1376953125,\n              44.465151013519616\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.533203125,\n              44.18220395771566\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.8955078125,\n              43.83452678223684\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.818359375,\n              43.34116005412307\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.83984375,\n              43.26120612479979\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.38916015624999,\n              43.94537239244209\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.78466796875,\n              44.213709909702054\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.1142578125,\n              44.54350521320822\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.69677734375,\n              45.02695045318546\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.16943359374999,\n              45.78284835197676\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.01562499999999,\n              46.14939437647686\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.54296874999999,\n              46.78501604269254\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.89453125,\n              47.517200697839414\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.8505859375,\n              48.019324184801185\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.630859375,\n              48.32703913063476\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.91650390625,\n              48.79239019646406\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.04833984375001,\n              48.99463598353408\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.35693359375,\n              48.980216985374994\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562a08f5e4b011227bf1fdeb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Littell, Jeremy S. 0000-0002-5302-8280 jlittell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5302-8280","contributorId":4428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Littell","given":"Jeremy","email":"jlittell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70155075,"text":"70155075 - 2015 - Effects of the light goose conservation order on non-target waterfowl distribution during spring migration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-18T15:31:40","indexId":"70155075","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3766,"text":"Wildlife Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of the light goose conservation order on non-target waterfowl distribution during spring migration","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Light Goose Conservation Order (LGCO) was initiated in 1999 to reduce mid-continent populations of light geese (lesser snow geese&nbsp;</span><i>Chen caerulescens</i><span>&nbsp;and Ross's geese&nbsp;</span><i>C. rossi)</i><span>. However, concern about potential for LGCO activities (i.e. hunting activities) to negatively impact non-target waterfowl species during spring migration in the Rainwater Basin (RWB) of Nebraska prompted agency personnel to limit the number of hunt days each week and close multiple public wetlands to LGCO activities entirely. To evaluate the effects of the LGCO in the RWB, we quantified waterfowl density at wetlands open and closed to LGCO hunting and recorded all hunter encounters during springs 2011 and 2012. We encountered a total of 70 hunting parties on 22 study wetlands, with over 90% of these encounters occurring during early season when the majority of waterfowl used the RWB region. We detected greater overall densities of dabbling ducks Anas spp., as well as for mallards&nbsp;</span><i>A. platyrhynchos</i><span>&nbsp;and northern pintails&nbsp;</span><i>A. acuta</i><span>&nbsp;on wetlands closed to the LGCO. We detected no effects of hunt day in the analyses of dabbling duck densities. We detected no differences in mean weekly dabbling duck densities among wetlands open to hunting, regardless of weekly or cumulative hunting encounter frequency throughout early season. Additionally, hunting category was not a predictor for the presence of greater white-fronted geese&nbsp;</span><i>Anser albifrons</i><span>in a logistic regression model. Given that dabbling duck densities were greater on wetlands closed to hunting, providing wetlands free from hunting disturbance as refugia during the LGCO remains an important management strategy at migration stopover sites. However, given that we did not detect an effect of hunt day or hunting frequency on dabbling duck density, our results suggest increased hunting frequency at sites already open to hunting would likely have minimal impacts on the distribution of non-target waterfowl species using the region for spring staging.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nordic Board for Wildlife Research","publisherLocation":"Lund, Sweden","doi":"10.2981/wlb.00063","usgsCitation":"Dinges, A.J., Webb, E.B., and Vrtiska, M.P., 2015, Effects of the light goose conservation order on non-target waterfowl distribution during spring migration: Wildlife Biology, v. 21, no. 2, p. 88-97, https://doi.org/10.2981/wlb.00063.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"88","endPage":"97","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-03-31","ipdsId":"IP-053124","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472063,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2981/wlb.00063","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306891,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Rainwater Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.910400390625,\n              41.47977575214487\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.9158935546875,\n              40.006579667838636\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.5743408203125,\n              40.006579667838636\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.535888671875,\n              41.054501963290505\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.7064208984375,\n              40.6723059714534\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.953857421875,\n              40.622291783092706\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.470458984375,\n              40.751418432997454\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.6572265625,\n              40.971603532799115\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.316650390625,\n              41.14970617453726\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.0255126953125,\n              40.9840449469281\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.66845703124999,\n              41.25716209782705\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.31689453125,\n              41.35619553438905\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.910400390625,\n              41.47977575214487\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d45730e4b0518e354694be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dinges, Andrew J.","contributorId":145935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dinges","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, Elisabeth B. 0000-0003-3851-6056 ewebb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3851-6056","contributorId":3981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Elisabeth","email":"ewebb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vrtiska, Mark P.","contributorId":54008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vrtiska","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70155032,"text":"70155032 - 2015 - Demographic and spatiotemporal patterns of avian influenza infection at the continental scale, and in relation to annual life cycle of a migratory host","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-11T10:56:58","indexId":"70155032","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demographic and spatiotemporal patterns of avian influenza infection at the continental scale, and in relation to annual life cycle of a migratory host","docAbstract":"<p><span>Since the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 in the eastern hemisphere, numerous surveillance programs and studies have been undertaken to detect the occurrence, distribution, or spread of avian influenza viruses (AIV) in wild bird populations worldwide. To identify demographic determinants and spatiotemporal patterns of AIV infection in long distance migratory waterfowl in North America, we fitted generalized linear models with binominal distribution to analyze results from 13,574 blue-winged teal (</span><i>Anas discors</i><span>, BWTE) sampled in 2007 to 2010 year round during AIV surveillance programs in Canada and the United States. Our analyses revealed that during late summer staging (July-August) and fall migration (September-October), hatch year (HY) birds were more likely to be infected than after hatch year (AHY) birds, however there was no difference between age categories for the remainder of the year (winter, spring migration, and breeding period), likely due to maturing immune systems and newly acquired immunity of HY birds. Probability of infection increased non-linearly with latitude, and was highest in late summer prior to fall migration when densities of birds and the proportion of susceptible HY birds in the population are highest. Birds in the Central and Mississippi flyways were more likely to be infected compared to those in the Atlantic flyway. Seasonal cycles and spatial variation of AIV infection were largely driven by the dynamics of AIV infection in HY birds, which had more prominent cycles and spatial variation in infection compared to AHY birds. Our results demonstrate demographic as well as seasonal, latitudinal and flyway trends across Canada and the US, while illustrating the importance of migratory host life cycle and age in driving cyclical patterns of prevalence.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0130662","usgsCitation":"Nallar, R., Papp, Z., Epp, T., Leighton, F.A., Swafford, S.R., DeLiberto, T.J., Dusek, R., Ip, S., Hall, J.S., Berhane, Y., Gibbs, S., and Soos, C., 2015, Demographic and spatiotemporal patterns of avian influenza infection at the continental scale, and in relation to annual life cycle of a migratory host: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 6, e0130662: 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130662.","productDescription":"e0130662: 14 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056734","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access 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Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Epp, Tasha","contributorId":145604,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Epp","given":"Tasha","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16165,"text":"4Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leighton, Frederick A.","contributorId":46063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leighton","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swafford, Seth R.","contributorId":145605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swafford","given":"Seth","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":16166,"text":"United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, 1714 Commerce Court, Suite C, Columbia, MO, United States of America.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"DeLiberto, Thomas J.","contributorId":145606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeLiberto","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16167,"text":"7United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Disease Program, 4101 LaPorte Ave., Fort Collins, CO, United States of America.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dusek, Robert J. 0000-0001-6177-7479 rdusek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-7479","contributorId":140396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusek","given":"Robert J.","email":"rdusek@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ip, S. 0000-0003-4844-7533 hip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-7533","contributorId":727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ip","given":"S.","email":"hip@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hall, Jeffrey S. 0000-0001-5599-2826 jshall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5599-2826","contributorId":2254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jshall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Berhane, Yohannes","contributorId":145607,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berhane","given":"Yohannes","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16168,"text":"National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3L 3M4, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Gibbs, Samantha E.J.","contributorId":127739,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gibbs","given":"Samantha E.J.","affiliations":[{"id":7128,"text":"Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Soos, Catherine","contributorId":99042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soos","given":"Catherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70154991,"text":"70154991 - 2015 - Using occupancy models to accommodate uncertainty in the interpretation of aerial photograph data: status of beaver in Central Oregon, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T09:31:31","indexId":"70154991","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using occupancy models to accommodate uncertainty in the interpretation of aerial photograph data: status of beaver in Central Oregon, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Beavers (</span><i>Castor canadensis</i><span>) influence habitat for many species and pose challenges in developed landscapes. They are increasingly viewed as a cost-efficient means of riparian habitat restoration and water storage. Still, information on their status is rare, particularly in western North America. We used aerial photography to evaluate changes in beaver occupancy between 1942&ndash;1968 and 2009 in upper portions of 2 large watersheds in Oregon, USA. We used multiple observers and occupancy modeling to account for bias related to photo quality, observers, and imperfect detection of beaver impoundments. Our analysis suggested a slightly higher rate of beaver occupancy in the upper Deschutes than the upper Klamath basin. We found weak evidence for beaver increases in the west and declines in eastern parts of the study area. Our study presents a method for dealing with observer variation in photo interpretation and provides the first assessment of the extent of beaver influence in 2 basins with major water-use challenges. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wsb.516","collaboration":".","usgsCitation":"Pearl, C., Adams, M.J., Haggerty, P.K., and Urban, L., 2015, Using occupancy models to accommodate uncertainty in the interpretation of aerial photograph data: status of beaver in Central Oregon, USA: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 2, no. 39, p. 319-325, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.516.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"325","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053900","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499897,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/b5cc777d8806418c908f6525f1ad87fc","text":"External Repository"},{"id":305902,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Deschutes basin; Klamath basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.54150390625,\n              42.00848901572399\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.54150390625,\n              44.512176171071054\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.13525390625,\n              44.512176171071054\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.13525390625,\n              42.00848901572399\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.54150390625,\n              42.00848901572399\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"39","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55b0beafe4b09a3b01b530a9","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/wsb.516","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wsb.516","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Pearl Christopher A., Adams Michael J., Haggerty Patricia K., Urban Leslie","journalName":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","publicationDate":"2/27/2015","auditedOn":"3/2/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearl, Christopher A. christopher_pearl@usgs.gov","contributorId":145515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"Christopher A.","email":"christopher_pearl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, M. J. 0000-0001-8844-042X mjadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-042X","contributorId":3133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"mjadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haggerty, Patricia K. phaggerty@usgs.gov","contributorId":4602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haggerty","given":"Patricia","email":"phaggerty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Urban, Leslie","contributorId":145516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Urban","given":"Leslie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70154985,"text":"70154985 - 2015 - Roost selection by Rafinesque’s big-eared bats (<i>Corynorhinus rafinesquii</i>) in a pristine habitat at three spatial scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-18T09:30:23","indexId":"70154985","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":629,"text":"Acta Chiropterologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Roost selection by Rafinesque’s big-eared bats (<i>Corynorhinus rafinesquii</i>) in a pristine habitat at three spatial scales","docAbstract":"<p><span>Although several studies have described roost use by Rafinesque's big-eared bats (</span><i>Corynorhinus rafinesquii</i><span>), few studies have examined roost selection. We examined roost use and selection by Rafinesque's big-eared bat at the tree, stand, and landscape scales during the maternity season in pristine old-growth habitat in the Coastal Plain of South Carolina. We located 43 roosts (14 maternity, 29 solitary) through cavity searches and radio-telemetry. Maternity colonies and solitary individuals selected roosts based on similar characteristics. The best model explaining roost selection by all bats included tree and stand characteristics; landscape factors had little influence on roost use. Bats selected large diameter trees in areas with a high density of trees with cavities in the surrounding area. Most roosts (67.4%) were in water tupelo (</span><i>Nyssa aquatica</i><span>) in semi-permanently flooded and saturated areas. Half of maternity roost cavities had upper bole openings whereas only 25.8% of solitary roosts had upper bole openings. Bats that roosted with maternity groups stayed in roosts for significantly shorter periods of time (1.3 &plusmn; 0.1 days) and used significantly more roost trees (5.0 &plusmn; 0.6 roosts) than adult males (3.8 &plusmn; 1.10 days, 2.3 &plusmn; 0.4 roosts, respectively). Maternity colony use of cavities with upper bole openings and shorter residency times suggest that predator avoidance may have been an important factor governing roosting behavior of maternity colonies in this area. Our results suggest that retention of large diameter, hollow trees in wetland areas will benefit Rafinesque's big-eared bat individuals and maternity colonies in this area.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2015.17.1.011","usgsCitation":"Lucas, J.S., Loeb, S.C., and Jodice, P.G., 2015, Roost selection by Rafinesque’s big-eared bats (<i>Corynorhinus rafinesquii</i>) in a pristine habitat at three spatial scales: Acta Chiropterologica, v. 17, no. 1, p. 131-141, https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2015.17.1.011.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"141","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044521","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306839,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Congaree National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.89645385742188,\n              33.754031498216385\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.89645385742188,\n              33.86243347149935\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.66299438476562,\n              33.86243347149935\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.66299438476562,\n              33.754031498216385\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.89645385742188,\n              33.754031498216385\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d45734e4b0518e354694ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucas, Jessica S.","contributorId":146586,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lucas","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loeb, Susan C.","contributorId":138944,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loeb","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6762,"text":"U.S. Forest Service, La Grande, Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jodice, Patrick G.R. 0000-0001-8716-120X pjodice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8716-120X","contributorId":1119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jodice","given":"Patrick","email":"pjodice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70159740,"text":"70159740 - 2015 - Forecasting wildlife response to rapid warming in the Alaskan Arctic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-17T20:55:44.271773","indexId":"70159740","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forecasting wildlife response to rapid warming in the Alaskan Arctic","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">Arctic</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">wildlife</span><span>&nbsp;species face a dynamic and increasingly novel environment because of climate&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">warming</span><span>&nbsp;and the associated increase&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">in</span><span>&nbsp;human activity. Both marine and terrestrial environments are undergoing&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">rapid</span><span>&nbsp;environmental shifts, including loss of sea ice, permafrost degradation, and altered biogeochemical fluxes.&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">Forecasting</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">wildlife</span><span>&nbsp;responses to climate change can facilitate proactive decisions that balance stewardship with resource development.&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">In</span><span>&nbsp;this article, we discuss the primary and secondary responses to physical climate-related drivers&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">in</span><span>&nbsp;the&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">Arctic</span><span>, associated&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">wildlife</span><span>&nbsp;responses, and additional sources of complexity&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">in</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">forecasting</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">wildlife</span><span>&nbsp;population outcomes. Although the effects of&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">warming</span><span>&nbsp;on&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">wildlife</span><span>&nbsp;populations are becoming increasingly well documented&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">in</span><span>&nbsp;the scientific literature, clear mechanistic links are often difficult to establish. An integrated science approach and robust modeling tools are necessary to make predictions and determine resiliency to change. We provide a conceptual framework and introduce examples relevant for developing&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">wildlife</span><span>&nbsp;forecasts useful to management decisions. © 2015 Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Institute of Biological Sciences 2014. This work is written by US Government employees and is&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">in</span><span>&nbsp;the public domain&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">in</span><span>&nbsp;the US.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/biosci/biv069","issn":"00063568","usgsCitation":"Van Hemert, C.R., Flint, P.L., Udevitz, M.S., Koch, J.C., Atwood, T.C., Oakley, K.L., and Pearce, J.M., 2015, Forecasting wildlife response to rapid warming in the Alaskan Arctic: BioScience, v. 65, no. 7, p. 718-728, https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biv069.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"718","endPage":"728","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055518","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biv069","text":"Publisher Index 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,{"id":70154749,"text":"70154749 - 2015 - Linking carbon and water limitations to drought-induced mortality of Pinus flexilis seedlings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T15:43:43","indexId":"70154749","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3649,"text":"Tree Physiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Linking carbon and water limitations to drought-induced mortality of <i>Pinus flexilis</i> seedlings","title":"Linking carbon and water limitations to drought-induced mortality of Pinus flexilis seedlings","docAbstract":"<p><span>Survival of tree seedlings at high elevations has been shown to be limited by thermal constraints on carbon balance, but it is unknown if carbon relations also limit seedling survival at lower elevations, where water relations may be more important. We measured and modeled carbon fluxes and water relations in first-year&nbsp;</span><i>Pinus flexilis</i><span>&nbsp;seedlings in garden plots just beyond the warm edge of their natural range, and compared these with dry-mass gain and survival across two summers. We hypothesized that mortality in these seedlings would be associated with declines in water relations, more so than with carbon-balance limitations. Rather than gradual declines in survivorship across growing seasons, we observed sharp, large-scale mortality episodes that occurred once volumetric soil-moisture content dropped below 10%. By this point, seedling water potentials had decreased below &minus;5 MPa, seedling hydraulic conductivity had decreased by 90% and seedling hydraulic resistance had increased by &gt;900%. Additionally, non-structural carbohydrates accumulated in aboveground tissues at the end of both summers, suggesting impairments in phloem-transport from needles to roots. This resulted in low carbohydrate concentrations in roots, which likely impaired root growth and water uptake at the time of critically low soil moisture. While photosynthesis and respiration on a leaf area basis remained high until critical hydraulic thresholds were exceeded, modeled seedling gross primary productivity declined steadily throughout the summers. At the time of mortality, modeled productivity was insufficient to support seedling biomass-gain rates, metabolism and secondary costs. Thus the large-scale mortality events that we observed near the end of each summer were most directly linked with acute, episodic declines in plant hydraulic function that were linked with important changes in whole-seedling carbon relations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Journals","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpv045","usgsCitation":"Reinhardt, K., Germino, M.J., Kueppers, L.M., Domec, J., and Mitton, J., 2015, Linking carbon and water limitations to drought-induced mortality of Pinus flexilis seedlings: Tree Physiology, v. 35, no. 7, p. 771-782, https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpv045.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"771","endPage":"782","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059360","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306628,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cdbfb7e4b08400b1fe1411","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reinhardt, Keith","contributorId":11949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinhardt","given":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":563947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Germino, Matthew J. 0000-0001-6326-7579 mgermino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6326-7579","contributorId":3298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germino","given":"Matthew","email":"mgermino@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":563946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kueppers, Lara M.","contributorId":89778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kueppers","given":"Lara","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16805,"text":"University of California, Merced","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6670,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":563949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Domec, Jean-Christophe","contributorId":146460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Domec","given":"Jean-Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mitton, Jeffry","contributorId":145421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitton","given":"Jeffry","affiliations":[{"id":12502,"text":"University of Colorado - Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":563948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70159741,"text":"70159741 - 2015 - Climate change projections for lake whitefish (<i>Coregonus clupeaformis</i>) recruitment in the 1836 Treaty Waters of the Upper Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-24T13:48:14","indexId":"70159741","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate change projections for lake whitefish (<i>Coregonus clupeaformis</i>) recruitment in the 1836 Treaty Waters of the Upper Great Lakes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Lake whitefish (</span><i>Coregonus clupeaformis</i><span>) is an ecologically, culturally, and economically important species in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Lake whitefish have been a staple food source for thousands of years and, since 1980, have supported the most economically valuable (annual catch value</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>≈</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>US$16.6 million) and productive (annual harvest</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>≈</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>7 million kg) commercial fishery in the upper Great Lakes (Lakes Huron, Michigan, and Superior). Climate changes, specifically changes in temperature, wind, and ice cover, are expected to impact the ecology, production dynamics, and value of this fishery because the success of recruitment to the fishery has been linked with these climatic variables. We used linear regression to determine the relationship between fall and spring air temperature indices, fall wind speed, winter ice cover, and lake whitefish recruitment in 13 management units located in the 1836 Treaty Waters of the Upper Great Lakes ceded by the Ottawa and Chippewa nations, a culturally and commercially important region for the lake whitefish fishery. In eight of the 13 management units evaluated, models including one or more climate variables (temperature, wind, ice cover) explained significantly more variation in recruitment than models with only the stock–recruitment relationship, using corrected Akaike's Information Criterion comparisons (ΔAICc</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>&gt;</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>3). Isolating the climate–recruitment relationship and projecting recruitment with the Coupled Hydrosphere-Atmosphere Research Model (CHARM) indicated the potential for increased lake whitefish recruitment in the majority of the 1836 Treaty Waters management units. These results can inform adaptive management strategies by providing anticipated implications of climate on lake whitefish recruitment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2015.03.015","usgsCitation":"Lynch, A., Taylor, W., Beard, T., and Lofgren, B.M., 2015, Climate change projections for lake whitefish (<i>Coregonus clupeaformis</i>) recruitment in the 1836 Treaty Waters of the Upper Great Lakes: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 41, no. 2, p. 415-422, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2015.03.015.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"415","endPage":"422","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058029","costCenters":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science 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W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beard, T. Douglas Jr. 0000-0003-2632-2350 dbeard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2632-2350","contributorId":3314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beard","given":"T. Douglas","suffix":"Jr.","email":"dbeard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":580300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lofgren, Brent M.","contributorId":139534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lofgren","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12789,"text":"NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70154754,"text":"70154754 - 2015 - Spatial requirements of different life-stages of the loggerhead turtle (<i>Caretta caretta</i>) from a distinct population segment in the northern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-07T11:55:47","indexId":"70154754","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1894,"text":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","onlineIssn":"2151-0733","printIssn":"1931-7603","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial requirements of different life-stages of the loggerhead turtle (<i>Caretta caretta</i>) from a distinct population segment in the northern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>Many marine species have complex life histories that involve disparate developmental, foraging and reproductive habitats and a holistic assessment of the spatial requirements for different life stages is a challenge that greatly complicates their management. Here, we combined data from oceanographic modeling, nesting surveys, and satellite tracking to examine the spatial requirements of different life stages of Loggerhead Turtles (Caretta caretta) from a distinct population segment in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Our findings indicate that after emerging from nesting beaches in Alabama and Northwest Florida, hatchlings disperse widely and the proportion of turtles following a given route varies substantially through time, with the majority (mean of 74.4%) projected to leave the Gulf of Mexico. Adult females use neritic habitat throughout the northern and eastern Gulf of Mexico both during the inter-nesting phase and as post-nesting foraging areas. Movements and habitat use of juveniles and adult males represent a large gap in our knowledge, but given the hatchling dispersal predictions and tracks of post-nesting females it is likely that some Loggerhead Turtles remain in the Gulf of Mexico throughout their life. More than two-thirds of the Gulf provides potential habitat for at least one life-stage of Loggerhead Turtles. These results demonstrate the importance of the Gulf of Mexico to this Distinct Population Segment of Loggerhead Turtles. It also highlights the benefits of undertaking comprehensive studies of multiple life stages simultaneously: loss of individual habitats have the potential to affect several life stages thereby having long-term consequences to population recovery.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","usgsCitation":"Lamont, M.M., Putman, N.F., Fujisaki, I., and Hart, K.M., 2015, Spatial requirements of different life-stages of the loggerhead turtle (<i>Caretta caretta</i>) from a distinct population segment in the northern Gulf of Mexico: Herpetological Conservation and Biology, v. 10, no. 1, p. 26-43.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"26","endPage":"43","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045262","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305527,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":360043,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.herpconbio.org/"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -85.48873901367188,\n              29.57942881484495\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.48873901367188,\n              29.991812888666043\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.78012084960938,\n              29.991812888666043\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.78012084960938,\n              29.57942881484495\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.48873901367188,\n              29.57942881484495\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55950f37e4b0b6d21dd6cc05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lamont, Margaret M. 0000-0001-7520-6669 mlamont@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7520-6669","contributorId":4525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamont","given":"Margaret","email":"mlamont@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":563964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Putman, Nathan Freeman","contributorId":145423,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Putman","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"Freeman","affiliations":[{"id":16119,"text":"National Marine Fisheries Service, Miami, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":563967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fujisaki, Ikuko","contributorId":42152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fujisaki","given":"Ikuko","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":563966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hart, Kristen M. 0000-0002-5257-7974 kristen_hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-7974","contributorId":1966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Kristen","email":"kristen_hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":563965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70154805,"text":"70154805 - 2015 - Group composition effects on aggressive interpack interactions of gray wolves in Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T09:59:06","indexId":"70154805","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":981,"text":"Behavioral Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Group composition effects on aggressive interpack interactions of gray wolves in Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"<p><span>Knowledge of characteristics that promote group success during intraspecific encounters is key to understanding the adaptive advantages of sociality for many group-living species. In addition, some individuals in a group may be more likely than others to influence intergroup conflicts, a relatively neglected idea in research on social animals. Here we use observations of aggressive interactions between wolf (</span><i>Canis lupus</i><span>) packs over an extended period and use pack characteristics to determine which groups had an advantage over their opponents. During 16 years of observation in Yellowstone National Park from 1995 to 2010, we documented 121 interpack aggressive interactions. We recorded pack sizes, compositions, and spatial orientation related to residency to determine their effects on the outcomes of interactions between packs. Relative pack size (RPS) improved the odds of a pack displacing its opponent. However, pack composition moderated the effect of RPS as packs with relatively more old members (&gt;6.0 years old) or adult males had higher odds of winning despite a numerical disadvantage. The location of the interaction with respect to pack territories had no effect on the outcome of interpack interactions. Although the importance of RPS in successful territorial defense suggests the evolution and maintenance of group living may be at least partly due to larger packs&rsquo; success during interpack interactions, group composition is also an important factor, highlighting that some individuals are more valuable than others during interpack conflicts.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Journals","doi":"10.1093/beheco/arv081","usgsCitation":"Cassidy, K.A., MacNulty, D.R., Stahler, D.R., Smith, D.W., and Mech, L.D., 2015, Group composition effects on aggressive interpack interactions of gray wolves in Yellowstone National Park: Behavioral Ecology, v. 26, no. 5, p. 1352-1360, https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arv081.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1352","endPage":"1360","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057162","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472048,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arv081","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306653,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.0662841796875,\n              44.09942068528651\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.0662841796875,\n              45.00753503123719\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.720458984375,\n              45.00753503123719\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.720458984375,\n              44.09942068528651\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.0662841796875,\n              44.09942068528651\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cdbfb6e4b08400b1fe1407","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cassidy, Kira A.","contributorId":145492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cassidy","given":"Kira","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":16134,"text":"Yellowstone Wolf Project, Yellowstone Ctr for Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacNulty, Daniel R.","contributorId":64069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacNulty","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stahler, Daniel R.","contributorId":57703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stahler","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Douglas W.","contributorId":95727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70154809,"text":"70154809 - 2015 - Dynamic hypoxic zones in Lake Erie compress fish habitat, altering vulnerability to fishing gears","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-08T13:42:30","indexId":"70154809","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamic hypoxic zones in Lake Erie compress fish habitat, altering vulnerability to fishing gears","docAbstract":"<p><span>Seasonal degradation of aquatic habitats from hypoxia occurs in numerous freshwater and coastal marine systems and can result in direct mortality or displacement of fish. Yet, fishery landings from these systems are frequently unresponsive to changes in the severity and extent of hypoxia, and population-scale effects have been difficult to measure except in extreme hypoxic conditions with hypoxia-sensitive species. We investigated fine-scale temporal and spatial variability in dissolved oxygen in Lake Erie as it related to fish distribution and catch efficiencies of both active (bottom trawls) and passive (trap nets) fishing gears. Temperature and dissolved oxygen loggers placed near the edge of the hypolimnion exhibited much higher than expected variability. Hypoxic episodes of variable durations were frequently punctuated by periods of normoxia, consistent with high-frequency internal waves. High-resolution interpolations of water quality and hydroacoustic surveys suggest that fish habitat is compressed during hypoxic episodes, resulting in higher fish densities near the edges of hypoxia. At fixed locations with passive commercial fishing gear, catches with the highest values occurred when bottom waters were hypoxic for intermediate proportions of time. Proximity to hypoxia explained significant variation in bottom trawl catches, with higher catch rates near the edge of hypoxia. These results emphasize how hypoxia may elevate catch rates in various types of fishing gears, leading to a lack of association between indices of hypoxia and fishery landings. Increased catch rates of fish at the edges of hypoxia have important implications for stock assessment models that assume catchability is spatially homogeneous.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2014-0517","usgsCitation":"Kraus, R.T., Knight, C.T., Farmer, T.M., Gorman, A.M., Collingsworth, P.D., Warren, G.J., Kocovsky, P.M., and Conroy, J.D., 2015, Dynamic hypoxic zones in Lake Erie compress fish habitat, altering vulnerability to fishing gears: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 72, no. 6, p. 797-806, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2014-0517.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"797","endPage":"806","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060963","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305617,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","city":"Fairport Harbor","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.31805419921875,\n              41.740577910570785\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.31805419921875,\n              41.78052894057897\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.23222351074219,\n              41.78052894057897\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.23222351074219,\n              41.740577910570785\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.31805419921875,\n              41.740577910570785\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"559e49aae4b0b94a64018f63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kraus, Richard T. 0000-0003-4494-1841 rkraus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4494-1841","contributorId":2609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Richard","email":"rkraus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knight, Carey T.","contributorId":56529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"Carey","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farmer, Troy M.","contributorId":69893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"Troy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gorman, Ann Marie","contributorId":145525,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gorman","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"Marie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Collingsworth, Paris D.","contributorId":145526,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collingsworth","given":"Paris","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Warren, Glenn J.","contributorId":79407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kocovsky, Patrick M. 0000-0003-4325-4265 pkocovsky@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4325-4265","contributorId":3429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocovsky","given":"Patrick","email":"pkocovsky@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":251,"text":"Ecosystems Mission Area","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Conroy, Joseph D.","contributorId":145527,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conroy","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70136073,"text":"70136073 - 2015 - A multi-proxy record of hydroclimate, vegetation, fire, and post-settlement impacts for a subalpine plateau, Central Rocky Mountains U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-08T11:48:00","indexId":"70136073","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3562,"text":"The Holocene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multi-proxy record of hydroclimate, vegetation, fire, and post-settlement impacts for a subalpine plateau, Central Rocky Mountains U.S.A","docAbstract":"<p><span>Apparent changes in vegetation distribution, fire, and other disturbance regimes throughout western North America have prompted investigations of the relative importance of human activities and climate change as potential causal mechanisms. Assessing the effects of Euro-American settlement is difficult because climate changes occur on multi-decadal to centennial time scales and require longer time perspectives than historic observations can provide. Here, we report vegetation and environmental changes over the past ~13,000&thinsp;years as recorded in a sediment record from Bison Lake, a subalpine lake on a high plateau in northwestern Colorado. Results are based on multiple independent proxies, which include pollen, charcoal, and elemental geochemistry, and are compared with previously reported interpretations of hydroclimatic changes from oxygen isotope ratios. The pollen data indicate a slowly changing vegetation sequence from sagebrush steppe during the late glacial to coniferous forest through the late Holocene. The most dramatic vegetation changes of the Holocene occurred during the &lsquo;Medieval Climate Anomaly&rsquo; (MCA) and &lsquo;Little Ice Age&rsquo; (LIA) with rapid replacement of conifer forest by grassland followed by an equally rapid return to conifer forest. Late Holocene vegetation responses are mirrored by changes in fire, lake biological productivity, and watershed erosion. These combined records indicate that subsequent disturbance related to Euro-American settlement, although perhaps significant, had acted upon a landscape that was already responding to MCA-LIA hydroclimatic change. Results document both rapid and long-term subalpine grassland ecosystem dynamics driven by agents of change that can be anticipated in the future and simulated by ecosystem models.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Sage Journals","doi":"10.1177/0959683615574583","usgsCitation":"Anderson, L., Brunelle, A., and Thompson, R.S., 2015, A multi-proxy record of hydroclimate, vegetation, fire, and post-settlement impacts for a subalpine plateau, Central Rocky Mountains U.S.A: The Holocene, v. 25, no. 6, p. 932-943, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683615574583.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"932","endPage":"943","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058200","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324911,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","volume":"25","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5780ceaee4b0811616822299","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Lesleigh 0000-0002-5264-089X land@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5264-089X","contributorId":436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Lesleigh","email":"land@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brunelle, Andrea","contributorId":131053,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brunelle","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7215,"text":"University of Utah Dept. of Geography","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Robert S. 0000-0001-9287-2954 rthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9287-2954","contributorId":891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Robert","email":"rthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70142980,"text":"70142980 - 2015 - Magmatism and Epithermal Gold-Silver Deposits of the Southern Ancestral Cascade Arc, Western Nevada and Eastern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-23T14:57:32","indexId":"70142980","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Magmatism and Epithermal Gold-Silver Deposits of the Southern Ancestral Cascade Arc, Western Nevada and Eastern California","docAbstract":"<p>Many epithermal gold-silver deposits are temporally and spatially associated with late Oligocene to Pliocene magmatism of the southern ancestral Cascade arc in western Nevada and eastern California. These deposits, which include both quartz-adularia (low- and intermediate-sulfidation; Comstock Lode, Tonopah, Bodie) and quartz-alunite (high-sulfidation; Goldfield, Paradise Peak) types, were major producers of gold and silver. Ancestral Cascade arc magmatism preceded that of the modern High Cascades arc and reflects subduction of the Farallon plate beneath North America. Ancestral arc magmatism began about 45 Ma, continued until about 3 Ma, and extended from near the Canada-United States border in Washington southward to about 250 km southeast of Reno, Nevada. The ancestral arc was split into northern and southern segments across an inferred tear in the subducting slab between Mount Shasta and Lassen Peak in northern California. The southern segment extends between 42&deg;N in northern California and 37&deg;N in western Nevada and was active from about 30 to 3 Ma. It is bounded on the east by the northeast edge of the Walker Lane. Ancestral arc volcanism represents an abrupt change in composition and style of magmatism relative to that in central Nevada. Large volume, caldera-forming, silicic ignimbrites associated with the 37 to 19 Ma ignimbrite flareup are dominant in central Nevada, whereas volcanic centers of the ancestral arc in western Nevada consist of andesitic stratovolcanoes and dacitic to rhyolitic lava domes that mostly formed between 25 and 4 Ma. Both ancestral arc and ignimbrite flareup magmatism resulted from rollback of the shallowly dipping slab that began about 45 Ma in northeast Nevada and migrated south-southwest with time. Most southern segment ancestral arc rocks have oxidized, high potassium, calc-alkaline compositions with silica contents ranging continuously from about 55 to 77 wt%. Most lavas are porphyritic and contain coarse plagioclase &plusmn; hornblende, biotite, and pyroxene phenocrysts. Seven epithermal gold-silver deposits with &gt;1 Moz gold production, several large elemental sulfur deposits, and many large areas (10s to &gt;100 km2) of hydrothermally altered rocks are present in the southern ancestral arc, especially south of latitude 40&deg;N. These deposits are principally hosted by intermediate to silicic lava dome complexes; only a few deposits are associated with mafic- to intermediate-composition stratovolcanoes. Large deposits are most abundant and well developed in volcanic fields whose evolution spanned millions of years. Most deposits are hundreds of thousands to several million years younger than their host rocks, although some quartz-alunite deposits are essentially coeval with their host rocks. Variable composition and thickness of crustal basement is the primary control on mineralization along the length of the southern ancestral arc; most deposits and large alteration zones are localized in basement rock terranes with a strong continental affinity, either along the edge of the North American craton (Goldfield, Tonopah) or in an accreted terrane with continental affinities (Walker Lake terrane; Aurora, Bodie, Comstock Lode, Paradise Peak). Epithermal deposits and quartz-alunite alteration zones are scarce to absent in the northern part of the ancestral arc above an accreted island arc (Black Rock terrane) or unknown basement rocks (Modoc Plateau). Walker Lane structures and areas that underwent large magnitude extension during the Late Cenozoic (areas with Oligocene-early Miocene volcanic rocks dipping &gt;40&deg;) do not provide regional control on mineralization. Instead, these features may have served as local-scale conduits for mineralizing fluids.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"2015 Symposium on New Concepts and Discoveries","conferenceTitle":"2015 Symposium on New Concepts and Discoveries","conferenceLocation":"Reno/Sparks, Nevada","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of Nevada","collaboration":"Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology","usgsCitation":"John, D.A., du Bray, E.A., Henry, C.D., and Vikre, P.G., 2015, Magmatism and Epithermal Gold-Silver Deposits of the Southern Ancestral Cascade Arc, Western Nevada and Eastern California, <i>in</i> 2015 Symposium on New Concepts and Discoveries, Reno/Sparks, Nevada, 35 p.","productDescription":"35 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063761","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310610,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Eastern California and Western Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.4541015625,\n              41.918628865183045\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.44335937499999,\n              41.42625319507272\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.64111328125,\n              40.43022363450859\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.5205078125,\n              39.13006024213511\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.0810546875,\n              38.37611542403604\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.76269531249999,\n              37.56199695314352\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.08154296875001,\n              37.00255267215955\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.6416015625,\n              36.65079252503471\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.32275390624999,\n              36.77409249464195\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.37744140625,\n              37.579412513438385\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.21240234375001,\n              38.46219172306828\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.60791015625,\n              40.094882122321174\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.62988281249999,\n              41.02964338716638\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.69580078125001,\n              41.85319643776675\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.4541015625,\n              41.918628865183045\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562b5a31e4b00162522207d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"du Bray, Edward A. 0000-0002-4383-8394 edubray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4383-8394","contributorId":755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"du Bray","given":"Edward","email":"edubray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henry, Christopher D. (compiler)","contributorId":99600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Christopher","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vikre, Peter G. 0000-0001-7895-5972 pvikre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7895-5972","contributorId":139033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vikre","given":"Peter","email":"pvikre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70182185,"text":"70182185 - 2015 - Suburbanization, estrogen contamination, and sex ratio in wild amphibian populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T15:47:41","indexId":"70182185","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Suburbanization, estrogen contamination, and sex ratio in wild amphibian populations","docAbstract":"<p><span>Research on endocrine disruption in frog populations, such as shifts in sex ratios and feminization of males, has predominantly focused on agricultural pesticides. Recent evidence suggests that suburban landscapes harbor amphibian populations exhibiting similar levels of endocrine disruption; however the endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) sources are unknown. Here, we show that sex ratios of metamorphosing frogs become increasingly female-dominated along a suburbanization gradient. We further show that suburban ponds are frequently contaminated by the classical estrogen estrone and a variety of EDCs produced by plants (phytoestrogens), and that the diversity of organic EDCs is correlated with the extent of developed land use and cultivated lawn and gardens around a pond. Our work also raises the possibility that trace-element contamination associated with human land use around suburban ponds may be contributing to the estrogenic load within suburban freshwaters and constitutes another source of estrogenic exposure for wildlife. These data suggest novel, unexplored pathways of EDC contamination in human-altered environments. In particular, we propose that vegetation changes associated with suburban neighborhoods (e.g., from forests to lawns and ornamental plants) increase the distribution of phytoestrogens in surface waters. The result of frog sex ratios varying as a function of human land use implicates a role for environmental modulation of sexual differentiation in amphibians, which are assumed to only have genetic sex determination. Overall, we show that endocrine disruption is widespread in suburban frog populations and that the causes are likely diverse.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"PNAS","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1501065112","usgsCitation":"Lambert, M.R., Giller, G.S., Barber, L.B., Fitzgerald, K.C., and Skelly, D.K., 2015, Suburbanization, estrogen contamination, and sex ratio in wild amphibian populations: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 112, no. 38, p. 11881-11886, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1501065112.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"11881","endPage":"11886","ipdsId":"IP-062730","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1501065112","text":"External Repository"},{"id":335838,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"112","issue":"38","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ac0e2ee4b0ce4410e7d5fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lambert, Max R.","contributorId":181897,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lambert","given":"Max","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giller, Geoffrey S. J.","contributorId":181898,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giller","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fitzgerald, Kevin C. kcfitzgerald@usgs.gov","contributorId":5534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzgerald","given":"Kevin","email":"kcfitzgerald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Skelly, David K.","contributorId":181900,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Skelly","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70177791,"text":"70177791 - 2015 - Pressure disequilibria induced by rapid valve closure in noble gas extraction lines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-21T12:59:13","indexId":"70177791","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pressure disequilibria induced by rapid valve closure in noble gas extraction lines","docAbstract":"<p><span>Pressure disequilibria during rapid valve closures can affect calculated molar quantities for a range of gas abundance measurements (e.g., K-Ar geochronology, (U-Th)/He geochronology, noble gas cosmogenic chronology). Modeling indicates this effect in a system with a 10 L reservoir reaches a bias of 1% before 1000 pipette aliquants have been removed from the system, and a bias of 10% before 10,000 aliquants. Herein we explore the causes and effects of this problem, which is the result of volume changes during valve closure. We also present a solution in the form of an electropneumatic pressure regulator that can precisely control valve motion. This solution reduces the effect to ∼0.3% even after 10,000 aliquants have been removed from a 10 L reservoir.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2015GC005823","usgsCitation":"Morgan, L.E., and Davidheiser-Kroll, B., 2015, Pressure disequilibria induced by rapid valve closure in noble gas extraction lines: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 16, no. 6, p. 1923-1931, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GC005823.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1923","endPage":"1931","ipdsId":"IP-063877","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":490017,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gc005823","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330316,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5810c6e9e4b0f497e797345d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morgan, Leah E. 0000-0001-9930-524X lemorgan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9930-524X","contributorId":176174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Leah","email":"lemorgan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davidheiser-Kroll, Brett","contributorId":176175,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davidheiser-Kroll","given":"Brett","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70179098,"text":"70179098 - 2015 - Testing hypotheses on distribution shifts and changes in phenology of imperfectly detectable species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-16T09:23:28","indexId":"70179098","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing hypotheses on distribution shifts and changes in phenology of imperfectly detectable species","docAbstract":"<ol id=\"mee312362-list-0001\" class=\"o-list--numbered o-list--paragraph\"><li>With ongoing climate change, many species are expected to shift their spatial and temporal distributions. To document changes in species distribution and phenology, detection/non-detection data have proven very useful. Occupancy models provide a robust way to analyse such data, but inference is usually focused on species spatial distribution, not phenology.</li><li>We present a multi-season extension of the staggered-entry occupancy model of Kendall <i>et&nbsp;al</i>. (2013, <i>Ecology</i>, 94, 610), which permits inference about the within-season patterns of species arrival and departure at sampling sites. The new model presented here allows investigation of species phenology and spatial distribution across years, as well as site extinction/colonization dynamics.</li><li>We illustrate the model with two data sets on European migratory passerines and one data set on North American treefrogs. We show how to derive several additional phenological parameters, such as annual mean arrival and departure dates, from estimated arrival and departure probabilities.</li><li>Given the extent of detection/non-detection data that are available, we believe that this modelling approach will prove very useful to further understand and predict species responses to climate change.</li></ol>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/2041-210X.12362","usgsCitation":"Chambert, T.A., Kendall, W.L., Hines, J., Nichols, J., Pedrini, P., Waddle, J.H., Tavecchia, G., Walls, S.C., and Tenan, S., 2015, Testing hypotheses on distribution shifts and changes in phenology of imperfectly detectable species: Methods in Ecology and Evolution, v. 6, no. 6, p. 638-647, https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12362.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"638","endPage":"647","ipdsId":"IP-061733","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472056,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.12362","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":332204,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58550b82e4b02bdf681568b9","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/2041-210x.12362","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.12362","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Chambert Thierry, Kendall William L., Hines James E., Nichols James D., Pedrini Paolo, Waddle J. Hardin, Tavecchia Giacomo, Walls Susan C., Tenan Simone","journalName":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","publicationDate":"3/28/2015","auditedOn":"3/1/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chambert, Thierry A. 0000-0002-9450-9080 tchambert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9450-9080","contributorId":5973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chambert","given":"Thierry","email":"tchambert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":656041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, William L. wkendall@usgs.gov","contributorId":406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"William","email":"wkendall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":656035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, James E. jhines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James E.","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":656042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, James D. jnichols@usgs.gov","contributorId":139087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":656043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pedrini, Paolo","contributorId":177517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pedrini","given":"Paolo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Waddle, J. Hardin 0000-0003-1940-2133 waddleh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1940-2133","contributorId":138953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddle","given":"J.","email":"waddleh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Hardin","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tavecchia, Giacomo","contributorId":177518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tavecchia","given":"Giacomo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Walls, Susan C. 0000-0001-7391-9155 swalls@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7391-9155","contributorId":2310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walls","given":"Susan","email":"swalls@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":656047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tenan, Simone","contributorId":177519,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tenan","given":"Simone","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70192678,"text":"70192678 - 2015 - Bird species turnover is related to changing predation risk along a vegetation gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-08T14:57:49","indexId":"70192678","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bird species turnover is related to changing predation risk along a vegetation gradient","docAbstract":"<p><span>Turnover in animal species along vegetation gradients is often assumed to reflect adaptive habitat preferences that are narrower than the full gradient. Specifically, animals may decline in abundance where their reproductive success is low, and these poor-quality locations differ among species. Yet habitat use does not always appear adaptive. The crucial tests of how abundances and demographic costs of animals vary along experimentally manipulated vegetation gradients are lacking. We examined habitat use and nest predation rates for 16 bird species that exhibited turnover with shifts in deciduous and coniferous vegetation. For most bird species, decreasing abundance was associated with increasing predation rates along both natural and experimentally modified vegetation gradients. This landscape-scale approach strongly supports the idea that vegetation-mediated effects of predation are associated with animal distributions and species turnover.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/14-1333.1","usgsCitation":"LaManna, J.A., Hemenway, A.B., Boccadori, V., and Martin, T.E., 2015, Bird species turnover is related to changing predation risk along a vegetation gradient: Ecology, v. 96, no. 6, p. 1670-1680, https://doi.org/10.1890/14-1333.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1670","endPage":"1680","ipdsId":"IP-043972","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348485,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","volume":"96","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a0425c3e4b0dc0b45b45407","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaManna, Joseph A.","contributorId":171738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LaManna","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hemenway, Amy B.","contributorId":200185,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hemenway","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boccadori, Vanna","contributorId":200186,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boccadori","given":"Vanna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, Thomas E. 0000-0002-4028-4867 tmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4028-4867","contributorId":1208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Thomas","email":"tmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70187302,"text":"70187302 - 2015 - Reach-scale stream restoration in agricultural streams of southern Minnesota alters structural and functional responses of macroinvertebrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T14:57:39","indexId":"70187302","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reach-scale stream restoration in agricultural streams of southern Minnesota alters structural and functional responses of macroinvertebrates","docAbstract":"<p><span>Recent studies suggest that stream restoration at the reach scale may not increase stream biodiversity, raising concerns about the utility of this conservation practice. We examined whether reach-scale restoration in disturbed agricultural streams was associated with changes in macroinvertebrate community structure (total macroinvertebrate taxon richness, total macroinvertebrate density, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera [EPT] taxon richness, % abundance of EPT taxa) or secondary production (macroinvertebrate biomass over time). We collected macroinvertebrate samples over the course of 1 y from restored and unrestored reaches of 3 streams in southern Minnesota and used generalized least-square (GLS) models to assess whether measures of community structure were related to reach type, stream site, or sampling month. After accounting for effects of stream site and time, we found no significant difference in total taxon richness or % abundance of EPT taxa between restored and unrestored reaches. However, the number of EPT taxa and macroinvertebrate density were significantly higher in restored than in unrestored reaches. We compared secondary production estimates among study reaches based on 95</span><sup>th</sup><span>-percentile confidence intervals generated via bootstrapping. In each study stream, secondary production was significantly (2–3×) higher in the restored than in the unrestored reach. Higher productivity in the restored reaches was largely a result of the disproportionate success of a few dominant, tolerant taxa. Our findings suggest that reach-scale restoration may have ecological effects that are not detected by measures of total taxon richness alone.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/680984","usgsCitation":"Dolph, C.L., Eggert, S.L., Magner, J., Ferrington, L.C., and Vondracek, B.C., 2015, Reach-scale stream restoration in agricultural streams of southern Minnesota alters structural and functional responses of macroinvertebrates: Freshwater Science, v. 34, no. 2, p. 535-546, https://doi.org/10.1086/680984.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"535","endPage":"546","ipdsId":"IP-040121","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340531,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59030327e4b0e862d230f73d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dolph, Christine L.","contributorId":171693,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dolph","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eggert, Susan L.","contributorId":191489,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eggert","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Magner, Joe","contributorId":191490,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Magner","given":"Joe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ferrington, Leonard C. Jr.","contributorId":172049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferrington","given":"Leonard","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vondracek, Bruce C. bcv@usgs.gov","contributorId":904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vondracek","given":"Bruce","email":"bcv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70191817,"text":"70191817 - 2015 - Trophic ontogeny of fluvial Bull Trout and seasonal predation on Pacific Salmon in a riverine food web","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-18T10:46:02","indexId":"70191817","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trophic ontogeny of fluvial Bull Trout and seasonal predation on Pacific Salmon in a riverine food web","docAbstract":"<p><span>Bull Trout&nbsp;</span><i>Salvelinus confluentus</i><span>&nbsp;are typically top predators in their host ecosystems. The Skagit River in northwestern Washington State contains Bull Trout and Chinook Salmon&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i><span>populations that are among the largest in the Puget Sound region and also contains a regionally large population of steelhead&nbsp;</span><i>O. mykiss</i><span>&nbsp;(anadromous Rainbow Trout). All three species are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Our objective was to determine the trophic ecology of Bull Trout, especially their role as predators and consumers in the riverine food web. We seasonally sampled distribution, diets, and growth of Bull Trout in main-stem and tributary habitats during 2007 and winter–spring 2008. Consumption rates were estimated with a bioenergetics model to (1) determine the annual and seasonal contributions of different prey types to Bull Trout energy budgets and (2) estimate the potential impacts of Bull Trout predation on juvenile Pacific salmon populations. Salmon carcasses and eggs contributed approximately 50% of the annual energy budget for large Bull Trout in main-stem habitats, whereas those prey types were largely inaccessible to smaller Bull Trout in tributary habitats. The remaining 50% of the energy budget was acquired by eating juvenile salmon, resident fishes, and immature aquatic insects. Predation on listed Chinook Salmon and steelhead/Rainbow Trout was highest during winter and spring (January–June). Predation on juvenile salmon differed between the two study years, likely due to the dominant odd-year spawning cycle for Pink Salmon&nbsp;</span><i>O. gorbuscha</i><span>. The population impact on ocean- and stream-type Chinook Salmon was negligible, whereas the impact on steelhead/Rainbow Trout was potentially very high. Due to the ESA-listed status of Bull Trout, steelhead, and Chinook Salmon, the complex trophic interactions in this drainage provide both challenges and opportunities for creative adaptive management strategies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2015.1035452","usgsCitation":"Lowery, E.D., and Beauchamp, D.A., 2015, Trophic ontogeny of fluvial Bull Trout and seasonal predation on Pacific Salmon in a riverine food web: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 144, no. 4, p. 724-741, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2015.1035452.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"724","endPage":"741","ipdsId":"IP-058153","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346833,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Skagit River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.4810791015625,\n              48.04136507445029\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.92651367187499,\n              48.04136507445029\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.92651367187499,\n              49.001843917978526\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.4810791015625,\n              49.001843917978526\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.4810791015625,\n              48.04136507445029\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"144","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59e8683be4b05fe04cd4d234","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowery, Erin D.","contributorId":174525,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lowery","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beauchamp, David A. 0000-0002-3592-8381 fadave@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3592-8381","contributorId":4205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beauchamp","given":"David","email":"fadave@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70191256,"text":"70191256 - 2015 - Applied Geochemistry Special Issue on Environmental geochemistry of modern mining","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-10T14:38:56","indexId":"70191256","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applied Geochemistry Special Issue on Environmental geochemistry of modern mining","docAbstract":"<p id=\"p0005\">Environmental geochemistry is an integral part of the mine-life cycle, particularly for modern mining. The critical importance of environmental geochemistry begins with pre-mining baseline characterization and the assessment of environmental risks related to mining, continues through active mining especially in water and waste management practices, and culminates in mine closure. The enhanced significance of environmental geochemistry to modern mining has arisen from an increased knowledge of the impacts that historical and active mining can have on the environment, and from new regulations meant to guard against these impacts. New regulations are commonly motivated by advances in the scientific understanding of the environmental impacts of past mining. The impacts can be physical, chemical, and biological in nature. The physical challenges typically fall within the purview of engineers, whereas the chemical and biological challenges typically require a multidisciplinary array of expertise including geologists, geochemists, hydrologists, microbiologists, and biologists. The modern mine-permitting process throughout most of the world now requires that potential risks be assessed prior to the start of mining. The strategies for this risk assessment include a thorough characterization of pre-mining baseline conditions and the identification of risks specifically related to the manner in which the ore will be mined and processed, how water and waste products will be managed, and what the final configuration of the post-mining landscape will be.</p><p id=\"p0010\">In the Fall 2010, the Society of Economic Geologists held a short course in conjunction with the annual meeting of the Geological Society of America in Denver, Colorado (USA) to examine the environmental geochemistry of modern mining. The intent was to focus on issues that are pertinent to current and future mines, as opposed to abandoned mines, which have been the focus of numerous previous short courses. The geochemical challenges of current and future mines share similarities with abandoned mines, but differences also exist. Mining and ore processing techniques have changed; the environmental footprint of waste materials has changed; environmental protection has become a more integral part of the mine planning process; and most historical mining was done with limited regard for the environment. The 17 papers in this special issue evolved from the Society of Economic Geologists’ short course.</p><p id=\"p0015\">The relevant geochemical processes encompass the source, transport, and fate of contaminants related to the life cycle of a mine. Contaminants include metals and other inorganic species derived from geologic sources such as ore and solid mine waste, and substances brought to the site for ore processing, such as cyanide to leach gold. Factors, such as mine-waste mineralogy, hydrologic setting, mine-drainage chemistry, and microbial activity, that affect the hydrochemical risks from mining are reviewed by Nordstrom et al. In another paper, Nordstrom discusses baseline characterization at mine sites in a regulatory framework, and emphasizes the influence of mineral deposits in producing naturally elevated concentrations of many trace elements in surface water and groundwater. Surface water quality in mineralized watersheds is influenced by a number of processes that act on daily (diel) cycles and can produce dramatic variations in trace element concentrations as described by Gammons et al. Pre-mining baseline characterization studies should strive to capture the magnitude of these diel variations. Desbarats et al., using a case study of mine drainage from a gold mine, illustrate how elements that commonly occur as negatively charged species (anions) in solution, such as arsenic as arsenate, behave in an opposite fashion than most metals, which occur as positively charged species (cations). Significant improvement in the understanding of factors that influence the toxicity of metals to aquatic organisms in surface water has highlighted the importance of aqueous chemistry, particularly dissolved organic carbon, as described by Smith et al. Stream sediment contamination is another important pathway for affecting aquatic organisms, as reviewed by Besser et al. Understanding and predicting environmental consequences from mining begins with knowing the mineralogy and mineral reactivity of the ore, the wastes, and of secondary minerals formed later. Jamieson et al. review the importance of mineralogical studies in mine planning and remediation. A number of types of site-specific studies are needed to identify environmental risks related to individual mines. Lapakko reviews the general framework of mine waste characterization studies that are integral to the mine planning process. Hageman et al. present a comparative study of several static tests commonly used to characterize mine waste.</p><p id=\"p0020\">The mining and ore processing practices employed at a specific mine site will vary on the basis of the commodities being targeted, the geology of the deposit, the geometry of the deposit, and the mining and ore processing methods used. Thus, these factors, in addition to the waste management practices used, can result in a variety of end-member mine waste features, each of which has its own set of challenges. Open pit mines and underground mines require waste rock to be removed to access ore. Waste rock presents unique problems because the rock is commonly mineralized at sub-economic grades and has not been processed to remove potentially problematic minerals, such as pyrite. Amos et al. examine the salient aspects of the geochemistry of waste rock. Mill tailings – the waste material after ore minerals have been removed – are a volumetrically important solid waste at many mine sites. Their fine grain size and the options for their management make their behavior in the environment distinct from that of waste rock. Lindsay et al. describe some of these differences through three case-study examples. Subaqueous disposal of tailings is another option described by Moncur et al. Cyanide leaching for gold extraction is a common method throughout the world. Johnson describes environmental aspects of cyanidation. Uranium mining presents unique environmental challenges, particularly since in-situ recovery has seen widespread use. Campbell et al. review the environmental geochemistry of uranium mining and current research on bioremediation. Ore concentrates from many types of metal mining undergo a pyrometallurgical technique known as smelting to extract the metal. Slag is the result of smelting, and it may be an environmental liability or a valuable byproduct, as described by Piatak et al. Finally, the open pits that result from surface mining commonly reach below the water table. At the end of mining, these pits may fill to form lakes that become part of the legacy of the mine. Castendyk et al., in two papers, review theoretical aspects of the environmental limnology of pit lakes. They also describe approaches that have been used to model pit lake water balance, wall-rock contributions to pit lake chemistry, pit lake water quality, and limnological processes, such as vertical mixing, through the use of three case studies.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.04.019","usgsCitation":"Seal, R., and Nordstrom, D.K., 2015, Applied Geochemistry Special Issue on Environmental geochemistry of modern mining: Applied Geochemistry, v. 57, p. 1-2, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.04.019.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"2","ipdsId":"IP-063499","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346319,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59d3502ae4b05fe04cc34d6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seal, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":711702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70147393,"text":"fs20153036 - 2015 - The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-29T13:26:14","indexId":"fs20153036","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-28T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-3036","title":"The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Connecticut","docAbstract":"<p>Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. For the State of Connecticut, elevation data are critical for coastal zone management, flood risk management, natural resources conservation, agriculture and precision farming, sea level rise and subsidence, and other business uses. Today, high-density light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the primary sources for deriving elevation models and other datasets. Federal, State, Tribal, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data that are older and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of State and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data.</p>\n<p>The National Enhanced Elevation Assessment evaluated multiple elevation data acquisition options to determine the optimal data quality and data replacement cycle relative to cost to meet the identified requirements of the user community. The evaluation demonstrated that lidar acquisition at quality level 2 for the conterminous United States and quality level 5 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (ifsar) data for Alaska with a 6- to 10-year acquisition cycle provided the highest benefit/cost ratios. The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative selected an 8-year acquisition cycle for the respective quality levels. 3DEP, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Office of Management and Budget Circular A&ndash;16 lead agency for terrestrial elevation data, responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other 3D representations of the Nation&rsquo;s natural and constructed features.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153036","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W., 2015, The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3036, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20153036.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060779","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial 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