{"pageNumber":"543","pageRowStart":"13550","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68912,"records":[{"id":70146655,"text":"70146655 - 2014 - A ternary age-mixing model to explain contaminant occurrence in a deep supply well","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-04T08:49:01","indexId":"70146655","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A ternary age-mixing model to explain contaminant occurrence in a deep supply well","docAbstract":"<p>The age distribution of water from a public-supply well in a deep alluvial aquifer was estimated and used to help explain arsenic variability in the water. The age distribution was computed using a ternary mixing model that combines three lumped parameter models of advection-dispersion transport of environmental tracers, which represent relatively recent recharge (post- 1950s) containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs), old intermediate depth groundwater (about 6500 years) that was free of drinking-water contaminants, and very old, deep groundwater (more than 21,000 years) containing arsenic above the USEPA maximum contaminant level of 10 µg/L. The ternary mixing model was calibrated to tritium, chloroflorocarbon-113, and carbon-14 (<sup>14</sup>C) concentrations that were measured in water samples collected on multiple occasions. Variability in atmospheric <sup>14</sup>C over the past 50,000 years was accounted for in the interpretation of <sup>14</sup>C as a tracer. Calibrated ternary models indicate the fraction of deep, very old groundwater entering the well varies substantially throughout the year and was highest following long periods of nonoperation or infrequent operation, which occurred during the winter season when water demand was low. The fraction of young water entering the well was about 11% during the summer when pumping peaked to meet water demand and about 3% to 6% during the winter months. This paper demonstrates how collection of multiple tracers can be used in combination with simplified models of fluid flow to estimate the age distribution and thus fraction of contaminated groundwater reaching a supply well under different pumping conditions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Ground Water Association","publisherLocation":"Malden, MA","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12170","usgsCitation":"Jurgens, B.C., Bexfield, L.M., and Eberts, S.M., 2014, A ternary age-mixing model to explain contaminant occurrence in a deep supply well: Groundwater, v. 52, no. S1, p. 25-39, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12170.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053056","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12170","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299767,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"S1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55362330e4b0b22a15807a7b","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/gwat.12170","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12170","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Jurgens Bryant C., Bexfield Laura M., Eberts Sandra M.","journalName":"Groundwater","publicationDate":"3/5/2014","auditedOn":"3/17/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jurgens, Bryant C. 0000-0002-1572-113X bjurgens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1572-113X","contributorId":127842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jurgens","given":"Bryant","email":"bjurgens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bexfield, Laura M. 0000-0002-1789-654X bexfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1789-654X","contributorId":1273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bexfield","given":"Laura","email":"bexfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eberts, Sandra M. 0000-0001-5138-8293 smeberts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5138-8293","contributorId":127844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberts","given":"Sandra","email":"smeberts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70126406,"text":"70126406 - 2014 - Temporal changes in taxonomic and functional diversity of fish assemblages downstream from mountaintop mining","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-23T10:02:53","indexId":"70126406","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T09:39:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal changes in taxonomic and functional diversity of fish assemblages downstream from mountaintop mining","docAbstract":"Mountaintop mining (MTM) affects chemical, physical, and hydrological properties of receiving streams, but the long-term consequences for fish-assemblage structure and function are poorly understood. We sampled stream fish assemblages using electrofishing techniques in MTM exposure sites and reference sites within the Guyandotte River basin, USA, during 2010–2011. We calculated indices of taxonomic diversity (species richness, abundance, Shannon diversity) and functional diversity (functional richness, functional evenness, functional divergence) to compare exposure and reference assemblages between seasons (spring and autumn) and across years (1999–2011). We based temporal comparisons on 2 sites that were sampled during 1999–2001 by Stauffer and Ferreri (2002). Exposure assemblages had lower taxonomic and functional diversity than reference assemblages or simulated assemblages that accounted for random variation. Differences in taxonomic composition between reference and exposure assemblages were associated with conductivity and aqueous Se concentrations. Exposure assemblages had fewer species, lower abundances, and less biomass than reference assemblages across years and seasons. Green Sunfish (<i>Lepomis cyanellus</i>) and Creek Chub (<i>Semotilus atromaculatus</i>) became numerically dominant in exposure assemblages over time because of their persistence and losses of other taxa. In contrast, species richness increased over time in reference assemblages, a result that may indicate recovery from drought. Mean individual biomass increased as fish density decreased and most obligate invertivores were apparently extirpated at MTM exposure sites. Effects of MTM were not related to physical-habitat conditions but were associated with water-quality variables, which may limit quality and availability of benthic macroinvertebrate prey. Simulations revealed effects of MTM that could not be attributed to random variation in fish assemblage structure.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Society for Freshwater Science","doi":"10.1086/676997","usgsCitation":"Hitt, N.P., and Chambers, D., 2014, Temporal changes in taxonomic and functional diversity of fish assemblages downstream from mountaintop mining: Freshwater Science, v. 33, no. 3, p. 915-926, https://doi.org/10.1086/676997.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"915","endPage":"926","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-049606","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1086/676997","text":"External Repository"},{"id":294294,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294293,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/676997"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Guyandotte River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.217,37.7747 ], [ -82.217,38.3293 ], [ -81.5497,38.3293 ], [ -81.5497,37.7747 ], [ -82.217,37.7747 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"33","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb33e4b08312ac7cf0e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hitt, Nathaniel P. 0000-0002-1046-4568 nhitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1046-4568","contributorId":4435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitt","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nhitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chambers, Douglas B. 0000-0002-5275-5427 dbchambe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5275-5427","contributorId":2520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chambers","given":"Douglas B.","email":"dbchambe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70123779,"text":"70123779 - 2014 - In situ and laboratory toxicity of coalbed natural gas produced waters with elevated sodium bicarbonate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T16:36:21","indexId":"70123779","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T09:00:37","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In situ and laboratory toxicity of coalbed natural gas produced waters with elevated sodium bicarbonate","docAbstract":"<p>Some tributaries in the Powder River Structural Basin, USA, were historically ephemeral, but now contain water year round as a result of discharge of coalbed natural gas (CBNG)-produced waters. This presented the opportunity to study field sites with 100% effluent water with elevated concentrations of sodium bicarbonate. In situ experiments, static renewal experiments performed simultaneously with in situ experiments, and static renewal experiments performed with site water in the laboratory demonstrated that CBNG-produced water reduces survival of fathead minnow (<i>Pimephales promelas</i>) and pallid sturgeon (<i>Scaphirhynchus albus</i>). Age affected survival of fathead minnow, where fish 2 d posthatch (dph) were more sensitive than 6 dph fish, but pallid sturgeon survival was adversely affected at both 4 and 6 dph. This may have implications for acute assays that allow for the use of fish up to 14 dph. The survival of early lifestage fish is reduced significantly in the field when concentrations of NaHCO<sub>3</sub> rise to more than 1500 mg/L (also expressed as &gt;1245 mg HCO<sub>3</sub> (-) /L). Treatment with the Higgin's Loop technology and dilution of untreated water increased survival in the laboratory. The mixing zones of the 3 outfalls studied ranged from approximately 800 m to 1200 m below the confluence. These experiments addressed the acute toxicity of effluent waters but did not address issues related to the volumes of water that may be added to the watershed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.2658","usgsCitation":"Farag, A.M., Harper, D., and Skaar, D., 2014, In situ and laboratory toxicity of coalbed natural gas produced waters with elevated sodium bicarbonate: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 33, no. 9, p. 2086-2093, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2658.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2086","endPage":"2093","ipdsId":"IP-045353","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293484,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54101464e4b07ab1cd9809cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farag, Aida M. 0000-0003-4247-6763 aida_farag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6763","contributorId":1139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"Aida","email":"aida_farag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harper, David D.","contributorId":102946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harper","given":"David D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Skaar, Don","contributorId":9171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skaar","given":"Don","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70154987,"text":"70154987 - 2014 - Circulating fat-soluble vitamin concentrations and nutrient composition of aquatic prey eaten by American oystercatchers (<i>Haematopus palliatus</i>) in the southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-22T13:09:28","indexId":"70154987","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2191,"text":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Circulating fat-soluble vitamin concentrations and nutrient composition of aquatic prey eaten by American oystercatchers (<i>Haematopus palliatus</i>) in the southeastern United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>The American oystercatcher (</span><i>Haematopus palliatus palliatus</i><span>) is currently listed as a species of high concern by the United States Shorebird Conservation Plan. Because nutritional status directly impacts overall health and reproduction of individuals and populations, adequate management of a wildlife population requires intimate knowledge of a species' diet and nutrient requirements. Fat-soluble vitamin concentrations in blood plasma obtained from American oystercatchers and proximate, vitamin, and mineral composition of various oystercatcher prey species were determined as baseline data to assess nutritional status and nutrient supply. Bird and prey species samples were collected from the Cape Romain region, South Carolina, USA, and the Altamaha River delta islands, Georgia, USA, where breeding populations appear relatively stable in recent years. Vitamin A levels in blood samples were higher than ranges reported as normal for domestic avian species, and vitamin D concentrations were lower than anticipated based on values observed in poultry. Vitamin E levels were within ranges previously reported for avian groups with broadly similar feeding niches such as herons, gulls, and terns (eg, aquatic/estuarine/marine). Prey species (oysters, mussels, clams, blood arks [</span><i>Anadara ovalis</i><span>], whelks [</span><i><i>Busycon carica</i></i><span>], false angel wings [</span><i><i>Petricola pholadiformis</i></i><span>]) were similar in water content to vertebrate prey, moderate to high in protein, and moderate to low in crude fat. Ash and macronutrient concentrations in prey species were high compared with requirements of carnivores or avian species. Prey items analyzed appear to meet nutritional requirements for oystercatchers, as estimated by extrapolation from domestic carnivores and poultry species; excesses, imbalances, and toxicities&mdash;particularly of minerals and fat-soluble vitamins&mdash;may warrant further investigation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Avian Veterinarians","doi":"10.1647/2013-033","usgsCitation":"Carlson-Bremer, D., Norton, T., Sanders, F.J., Winn, B., Spinks, M.D., Glatt, B.A., Mazzaro, L., Jodice, P.G., Chen, T.C., and Dierenfeld, E.S., 2014, Circulating fat-soluble vitamin concentrations and nutrient composition of aquatic prey eaten by American oystercatchers (<i>Haematopus palliatus</i>) in the southeastern United States: Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, v. 28, no. 3, p. 216-224, https://doi.org/10.1647/2013-033.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"216","endPage":"224","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033674","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305895,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Cape Romain; Wolfe Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.40162658691405,\n              33.008087679871835\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.40162658691405,\n              33.10534697199519\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.288330078125,\n              33.10534697199519\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.288330078125,\n              33.008087679871835\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.40162658691405,\n              33.008087679871835\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.33865356445312,\n              31.315514771622293\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.33865356445312,\n              31.371226579385738\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.27204895019531,\n              31.371226579385738\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.27204895019531,\n              31.315514771622293\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.33865356445312,\n              31.315514771622293\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55b0beaae4b09a3b01b53081","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlson-Bremer, Daphne","contributorId":27304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carlson-Bremer","given":"Daphne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Norton, Terry M.","contributorId":71020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norton","given":"Terry M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sanders, Felicia J.","contributorId":56574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanders","given":"Felicia","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":35670,"text":"South Carolina Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winn, Brad","contributorId":90852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winn","given":"Brad","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Spinks, Mark D.","contributorId":140933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spinks","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Glatt, Batsheva A.","contributorId":145791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glatt","given":"Batsheva","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mazzaro, Lisa","contributorId":145792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mazzaro","given":"Lisa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jodice, Patrick G.R. 0000-0001-8716-120X pjodice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8716-120X","contributorId":1119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jodice","given":"Patrick","email":"pjodice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Chen, Tai C.","contributorId":145793,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Tai","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Dierenfeld, Ellen S.","contributorId":7677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dierenfeld","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70162586,"text":"70162586 - 2014 - Heterogeneous occupancy and density estimates of the pathogenic fungus <i>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</i> in waters of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:01:40","indexId":"70162586","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heterogeneous occupancy and density estimates of the pathogenic fungus <i>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</i> in waters of North America","docAbstract":"<p><span>Biodiversity losses are occurring worldwide due to a combination of stressors. For example, by one estimate, 40% of amphibian species are vulnerable to extinction, and disease is one threat to amphibian populations. The emerging infectious disease chytridiomycosis, caused by the aquatic fungus&nbsp;</span><i>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>(</span><i>Bd</i><span>), is a contributor to amphibian declines worldwide.<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bd</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>research has focused on the dynamics of the pathogen in its amphibian hosts, with little emphasis on investigating the dynamics of free-living<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bd</i><span>. Therefore, we investigated patterns of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bd</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>occupancy and density in amphibian habitats using occupancy models, powerful tools for estimating site occupancy and detection probability. Occupancy models have been used to investigate diseases where the focus was on pathogen occurrence in the host. We applied occupancy models to investigate free-living<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bd</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>in North American surface waters to determine<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bd</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>seasonality, relationships between<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bd</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>site occupancy and habitat attributes, and probability of detection from water samples as a function of the number of samples, sample volume, and water quality. We also report on the temporal patterns of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bd</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>density from a 4-year case study of a<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bd</i><span>-positive wetland. We provide evidence that<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bd</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>occurs in the environment year-round.<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bd</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>exhibited temporal and spatial heterogeneity in density, but did not exhibit seasonality in occupancy.<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bd</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>was detected in all months, typically at less than 100 zoospores L</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. The highest density observed was ∼3 million zoospores L</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. We detected<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bd</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>in 47% of sites sampled, but estimated that<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bd</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>occupied 61% of sites, highlighting the importance of accounting for imperfect detection. When<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bd</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>was present, there was a 95% chance of detecting it with four samples of 600 ml of water or five samples of 60 mL. Our findings provide important baseline information to advance the study of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bd</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>disease ecology, and advance our understanding of amphibian exposure to free-living<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bd</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>in aquatic habitats over time.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0106790","usgsCitation":"Chestnut, T.E., Anderson, C.W., Popa, R., Blaustein, A.R., Voytek, M., Olson, D.H., and Kirshtein, J., 2014, Heterogeneous occupancy and density estimates of the pathogenic fungus <i>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</i> in waters of North America: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 9, e106790: 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106790.","productDescription":"e106790: 11 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053595","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open 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,{"id":70135338,"text":"70135338 - 2014 - Variation in the terrestrial isotopic composition and atomic weight of argon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-12T11:14:14","indexId":"70135338","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3207,"text":"Pure and Applied Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation in the terrestrial isotopic composition and atomic weight of argon","docAbstract":"<p><span>The isotopic composition and atomic weight of argon (Ar) are variable in terrestrial materials. Those variations are a source of uncertainty in the assignment of standard properties for Ar, but they provide useful information in many areas of science. Variations in the stable isotopic composition and atomic weight of Ar are caused by several different processes, including (1) isotope production from other elements by radioactive decay (radiogenic isotopes) or other nuclear transformations (e.g., nucleogenic isotopes), and (2) isotopic fractionation by physical-chemical processes such as diffusion or phase equilibria. Physical-chemical processes cause correlated mass-dependent variations in the Ar isotope-amount ratios (</span><sup><span>40</span></sup><span>Ar/</span><sup><span>36</span></sup><span>Ar,&nbsp;</span><sup><span>38</span></sup><span>Ar/</span><sup><span>36</span></sup><span>Ar), whereas nuclear transformation processes cause non-mass-dependent variations. While atmospheric Ar can serve as an abundant and homogeneous isotopic reference, deviations from the atmospheric isotopic ratios in other Ar occurrences limit the precision with which a standard atomic weight can be given for Ar. Published data indicate variation of Ar atomic weights in normal terrestrial materials between about 39.7931 and 39.9624. The upper bound of this interval is given by the atomic mass of&nbsp;</span><sup><span>40</span></sup><span>Ar, as some samples contain almost pure radiogenic&nbsp;</span><sup><span>40</span></sup><span>Ar. The lower bound is derived from analyses of pitchblende (uranium mineral) containing large amounts of nucleogenic&nbsp;</span><sup><span>36</span></sup><span>Ar and&nbsp;</span><sup><span>38</span></sup><span>Ar. Within this interval, measurements of different isotope ratios (</span><sup><span>40</span></sup><span>Ar/</span><sup><span>36</span></sup><span>Ar or&nbsp;</span><sup><span>38</span></sup><span>Ar/</span><sup><span>36</span></sup><span>Ar) at various levels of precision are widely used for studies in geochronology, water&ndash;rock interaction, atmospheric evolution, and other fields.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry","doi":"10.1515/pac-2013-0918","usgsCitation":"Böhlke, J., 2014, Variation in the terrestrial isotopic composition and atomic weight of argon: Pure and Applied Chemistry, v. 86, no. 9, p. 1421-1432, https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2013-0918.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1421","endPage":"1432","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055456","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2013-0918","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296642,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548c1fd9e4b0ca8c43c3697e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Böhlke, John Karl 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":1285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"John Karl","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":527075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70192896,"text":"70192896 - 2014 - Effects of management legacies on stream fish and aquatic benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-07T14:41:44","indexId":"70192896","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of management legacies on stream fish and aquatic benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages","docAbstract":"<p><span>Fish and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages often provide insight on ecological conditions for guiding management actions. Unfortunately, land use and management legacies can constrain the structure of biotic communities such that they fail to reflect habitat quality. The purpose of this study was to describe patterns in fish and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage structure, and evaluate relationships between biota and habitat characteristics in the Chariton River system of south-central Iowa, a system likely influenced by various potential management legacies (e.g., dams, chemical removal of fishes). We sampled fishes, benthic macroinvertebrates, and physical habitat from a total of 38 stream reaches in the Chariton River watershed during 2002–2005. Fish and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages were dominated by generalist species tolerant of poor habitat quality; assemblages failed to show any apparent patterns with regard to stream size or longitudinal location within the watershed. Metrics used to summarize fish assemblages and populations [e.g., presence–absence, relative abundance, Index of Biotic Integrity for fish (IBI</span><sub>F</sub><span>)] were not related to habitat characteristics, except that catch rates of piscivores were positively related to the depth and the amount of large wood. In contrast, family richness of benthic macroinvertebrates, richness of Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, and Plecoptera taxa, and IBI values for benthic macroinvertebrates (IBI</span><sub>BM</sub><span>) were positively correlated with the amount of overhanging vegetation and inversely related to the percentage of fine substrate. A long history of habitat alteration by row-crop agriculture and management legacies associated with reservoir construction has likely resulted in a fish assemblage dominated by tolerant species. Intolerant and sensitive fish species have not recolonized streams due to downstream movement barriers (i.e., dams). In contrast, aquatic insect assemblages reflected aquatic habitat, particularly the amount of overhanging vegetation and fine sediment. This research illustrates the importance of using multiple taxa for biological assessments and the need to consider management legacies when investigating responses to management and conservation actions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-014-0309-8","usgsCitation":"Quist, M.C., and Schultz, R.D., 2014, Effects of management legacies on stream fish and aquatic benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages: Environmental Management, v. 54, no. 3, p. 449-464, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-014-0309-8.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"449","endPage":"464","ipdsId":"IP-049474","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348402,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Chariton River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.59664916992188,\n              40.58371360068533\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.00888061523438,\n              40.58371360068533\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.00888061523438,\n              41.036894775104436\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.59664916992188,\n              41.036894775104436\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.59664916992188,\n              40.58371360068533\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07ed09e4b09af898c8cd3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quist, Michael C. 0000-0001-8268-1839 mquist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-1839","contributorId":171392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quist","given":"Michael","email":"mquist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":717315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schultz, Randall D.","contributorId":200100,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schultz","given":"Randall","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70135339,"text":"70135339 - 2014 - Educational webtool illustrating groundwater age effects on contaminant trends in wells","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:04:07","indexId":"70135339","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Educational webtool illustrating groundwater age effects on contaminant trends in wells","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12261","usgsCitation":"Böhlke, J., Jurgens, B., Uselmann, D.J., and Eberts, S., 2014, Educational webtool illustrating groundwater age effects on contaminant trends in wells: Groundwater, v. 52, no. S1, p. 8-9, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12261.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"9","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057995","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12261","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296641,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"S1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548c1fcde4b0ca8c43c36962","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/gwat.12261","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12261","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Böhlke J.K., Jurgens Bryant C., Uselmann David J., Eberts Sandra M.","journalName":"Groundwater","publicationDate":"8/28/2014","auditedOn":"3/17/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Böhlke, John Karl 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":1285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"John Karl","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":527063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jurgens, Bryant C. 0000-0002-1572-113X bjurgens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1572-113X","contributorId":127839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jurgens","given":"Bryant C.","email":"bjurgens@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":527064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Uselmann, David J.","contributorId":127840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uselmann","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":527065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eberts, Sandra M. smeberts@usgs.gov","contributorId":2264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberts","given":"Sandra M.","email":"smeberts@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":527066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70136068,"text":"70136068 - 2014 - If groundwater is contaminated, will water from the well be contaminated?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-22T14:52:02","indexId":"70136068","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"If groundwater is contaminated, will water from the well be contaminated?","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12260","usgsCitation":"Eberts, S.M., 2014, If groundwater is contaminated, will water from the well be contaminated?: Groundwater, v. 52, no. S1, p. 3-7, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12260.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"7","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054948","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472797,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12260","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296851,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"S1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2bcee4b08de9379b34e8","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/gwat.12260","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12260","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Eberts Sandra M.","journalName":"Groundwater","publicationDate":"8/19/2014","auditedOn":"3/17/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eberts, Sandra M. 0000-0001-5138-8293 smeberts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5138-8293","contributorId":127844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberts","given":"Sandra","email":"smeberts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70187373,"text":"70187373 - 2014 - Comparison of radio-telemetric home range analysis and acoustic detection for Little Brown Bat habitat evaluation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-01T11:25:53","indexId":"70187373","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2898,"text":"Northeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of radio-telemetric home range analysis and acoustic detection for Little Brown Bat habitat evaluation","docAbstract":"<p><span>With dramatic declines of bat populations due to mortality caused by </span><i>Pseudogymnoascus destructans</i><span> (White-nose Syndrome), assessing habitat preferences of bats in the northeastern US is now critical to guide the development of regional conservation efforts. In the summer of 2012, we conducted fixed-station simultaneous telemetry to determine nocturnal spatial use and fixed-kernel home-range estimates of available habitat of a </span><i>Myotis lucifugus</i><span> (Le Conte) (Little Brown Bat) maternity colony in an artificial bat house. In summers of 2011 and 2012, we also deployed a 52-ha grid of 4 × 4 Anabat acoustic detectors over five 6–8-day sampling periods in various riparian and non-riparian environments in close proximity to the same bat house. The mean telemetry home range of 143 ha for bats (</span><i>n</i><span> = 7) completely overlapped the acoustic grid. Rankings of habitats from telemetry data for these 7 bats and 5 additional bats not included in home-range calculations but added for habitat-use measures (</span><i>n</i><span> = 13) revealed a higher proportional use of forested riparian habitats than other types at the landscape scale. Pair-wise comparisons of habitats indicated that bats were found significantly closer to forested riparian habitats and forests than to open water, developed areas, fields, shrublands, or wetland habitats at the landscape scale. Acoustic sampling showed that naïve occupancy was 0.8 and 0.6 and mean nightly detection probabilities were 0.23 and 0.08 at riparian and non-riparian sites, respectively. Our findings suggest that Little Brown Bats select forested riparian and forested habitats for foraging at the landscape scale but may be most easily detected acoustically at riparian sites when a simple occupancy determination for an area is required.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Eagle Hill Institute","doi":"10.1656/045.021.0309","usgsCitation":"Coleman, L.S., Ford, W.M., Dobony, C.A., and Britzke, E.R., 2014, Comparison of radio-telemetric home range analysis and acoustic detection for Little Brown Bat habitat evaluation: Northeastern Naturalist, v. 21, no. 3, p. 431-445, https://doi.org/10.1656/045.021.0309.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"431","endPage":"445","ipdsId":"IP-046135","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340665,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59084930e4b0fc4e448ffd76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coleman, Laci S.","contributorId":171672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coleman","given":"Laci","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ford, W. Mark wford@usgs.gov","contributorId":3858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W.","email":"wford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":693636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dobony, Christopher A.","contributorId":171455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dobony","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Britzke, Eric R.","contributorId":8327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Britzke","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70141390,"text":"70141390 - 2014 - Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for the Hawaiian coot, <i>Fulica alai</i>, and Hawaiian gallinule, <i>Gallinula galeata sandvicensis</i>, through next-generation sequencing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-18T14:54:16","indexId":"70141390","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1325,"text":"Conservation Genetics Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for the Hawaiian coot, <i>Fulica alai</i>, and Hawaiian gallinule, <i>Gallinula galeata sandvicensis</i>, through next-generation sequencing","docAbstract":"<p><span>We used next generation shotgun sequencing to develop novel microsatellite markers for two endangered waterbirds; the Hawaiian coot (</span><i>Fulica alai</i><span>) and Hawaiian gallinule (</span><i>Gallinula galeata sandvicensis</i><span>). The 20 loci polymorphic in the Hawaiian coot displayed moderate allelic diversity (average 3.8 alleles/locus) and heterozygosity (average 59.5&nbsp;%). The 12 loci variable for the Hawaiian gallinule exhibited lower levels of allelic diversity (average 2.4 alleles/locus) and heterozygosity (average 47.5&nbsp;%). Loci were in linkage equilibrium and only one locus deviated from Hardy&ndash;Weinberg equilibrium. These loci are sufficiently variable to assess levels of genetic diversity and will be useful for conservation genetic studies to aid in the management of these endangered waterbirds.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s12686-014-0210-z","usgsCitation":"Sonsthagen, S.A., Wilson, R.E., and Underwood, J., 2014, Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for the Hawaiian coot, <i>Fulica alai</i>, and Hawaiian gallinule, <i>Gallinula galeata sandvicensis</i>, through next-generation sequencing: Conservation Genetics Resources, v. 6, no. 3, p. 765-767, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-014-0210-z.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"765","endPage":"767","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056020","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298040,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54e5c5bce4b02d776a669eb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sonsthagen, Sarah A. 0000-0001-6215-5874 ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-5874","contributorId":3711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonsthagen","given":"Sarah","email":"ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Robert E. 0000-0003-1800-0183 rewilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1800-0183","contributorId":5718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Robert","email":"rewilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Underwood, Jared G.","contributorId":139332,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Underwood","given":"Jared G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70176409,"text":"70176409 - 2014 - Modification of the Quaternary stratigraphic framework of the inner-continental shelf by Holocene marine transgression: An example offshore of Fire Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-13T09:10:40","indexId":"70176409","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modification of the Quaternary stratigraphic framework of the inner-continental shelf by Holocene marine transgression: An example offshore of Fire Island, New York","docAbstract":"<p><span>The inner-continental shelf off Fire Island, New York was mapped in 2011 using interferometric sonar and high-resolution chirp seismic-reflection systems. The area mapped is approximately 50&nbsp;km long by 8&nbsp;km wide, extending from Moriches Inlet to Fire Island Inlet in water depths ranging from 8 to 32&nbsp;m. The morphology of this inner-continental shelf region and modern sediment distribution patterns are determined by erosion of Pleistocene glaciofluvial sediments during the ongoing Holocene marine transgression; much of the shelf is thus an actively forming ravinement surface. Remnants of a Pleistocene outwash lobe define a submerged headland offshore of central Fire Island. East of the submerged headland, relatively older Pleistocene outwash is exposed over much of the inner-continental shelf and covered by asymmetric, sorted bedforms interpreted to indicate erosion and westward transport of reworked sediment. Erosion of the eastern flank of the submerged Pleistocene headland over the last ~&nbsp;8000&nbsp;years yielded an abundance of modern sand that was transported westward and reworked into a field of shoreface-attached ridges offshore of western Fire Island. West of the submerged headland, erosion of Pleistocene outwash continues in troughs between the sand ridges, resulting in modification of the lower shoreface. Comparison of the modern sand ridge morphology with the morphology of the underlying ravinement surface suggests that the sand ridges have moved a minimum of ~&nbsp;1000&nbsp;m westward since formation. Comparison of modern sediment thickness mapped in 1996–1997 and 2011 allows speculation that the nearshore/shoreface sedimentary deposit has gained sediment at the expense of deflation of the sand ridges.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2014.06.011","usgsCitation":"Schwab, W.C., Baldwin, W.E., Denny, J.F., Hapke, C.J., Gayes, P.T., List, J.H., and Warner, J., 2014, Modification of the Quaternary stratigraphic framework of the inner-continental shelf by Holocene marine transgression: An example offshore of Fire Island, New York: Marine Geology, v. 355, p. 346-360, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2014.06.011.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"346","endPage":"360","ipdsId":"IP-057751","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472795,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2014.06.011","text":"External Repository"},{"id":328582,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Fire Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.3172607421875,\n              40.62333412763721\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.75283813476562,\n              40.76806170936614\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.6690673828125,\n              40.62541876792774\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.24172973632812,\n              40.47202439692057\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.3172607421875,\n              40.62333412763721\n         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,{"id":70118953,"text":"70118953 - 2014 - Lake Ontario zooplankton in 2003 and 2008: Community changes and vertical redistribution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-20T11:05:10","indexId":"70118953","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":865,"text":"Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lake Ontario zooplankton in 2003 and 2008: Community changes and vertical redistribution","docAbstract":"<p><span>Lake-wide zooplankton surveys are critical for documenting and understanding food web responses to ecosystem change. Surveys in 2003 and 2008 during the binational intensive field year in Lake Ontario found that offshore epilimnetic crustacean zooplankton declined by a factor of 12 (density) and factor of 5 (biomass) in the summer with smaller declines in the fall. These declines coincided with an increase in abundance of </span><i>Bythotrephes</i><span> and are likely the result of direct predation by, or behavioral responses to this invasive invertebrate predator. Whole water column zooplankton density also declined from 2003 to 2008 in the summer and fall (factor of 4), but biomass only declined in the fall (factor of 2). The decline in biomass was less than the decline in density because the average size of individual zooplankton increased. This was due to changes in the zooplankton community composition from a cyclopoid/bosminid dominated community in 2003 to a calanoid dominated community in 2008. The increase in calanoid copepods was primarily due to the larger species </span><i>Limnocalanus macrurus</i><span> and </span><i>Leptodiaptomus sicilis</i><span>. These cold water species were found in and below the thermocline associated with a deep chlorophyll layer. In 2008, most of the zooplankton biomass resided in or below the thermocline during the day. Increased importance of copepods in deeper, colder water may favor Cisco and Rainbow Smelt over Alewife because these species are better adapted to cold temperatures than Alewife.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/14634988.2014.965121","usgsCitation":"Rudstam, L.G., Holeck, K.T., Bowen, K.L., Watkins, J., Weidel, B., and Luckey, F.J., 2014, Lake Ontario zooplankton in 2003 and 2008: Community changes and vertical redistribution: Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, v. 18, no. 1, p. 43-62, https://doi.org/10.1080/14634988.2014.965121.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"62","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052882","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296823,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake 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L.","contributorId":38382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowen","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Watkins, James M.","contributorId":97410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watkins","given":"James M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weidel, Brian 0000-0001-6095-2773 bweidel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6095-2773","contributorId":2485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidel","given":"Brian","email":"bweidel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Luckey, Frederick J.","contributorId":131035,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luckey","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70137437,"text":"70137437 - 2014 - Survival of surf scoters and white-winged scoters during remigial molt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-08T10:55:09","indexId":"70137437","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of surf scoters and white-winged scoters during remigial molt","docAbstract":"<p><span>Quantifying sources and timing of variation in demographic rates is necessary to determine where and when constraints may exist within the annual cycle of organisms. Surf scoters (</span><i>Melanitta perspicillata</i><span>) and white-winged scoters (</span><i>M. fusca</i><span>) undergo simultaneous remigial molt during which they are flightless for &gt;1 month. Molt could result in reduced survival due to increased predation risk or increased energetic demands associated with regrowing flight feathers. Waterfowl survival during remigial molt varies across species, and has rarely been assessed for sea ducks. To quantify survival during remigial molt, we deployed very high frequency (VHF) transmitters on surf scoters (</span><i>n</i><span>&thinsp;=&thinsp;108) and white-winged scoters (</span><i>n</i><span>&thinsp;=&thinsp;57) in southeast Alaska and the Salish Sea (British Columbia and Washington) in 2008 and 2009. After censoring mortalities potentially related to capture and handling effects, we detected no mortalities during remigial molt; thus, estimates of daily and period survival for both scoter species during molt were 1.00. We performed sensitivity analyses in which mortalities were added to the dataset to simulate potential mortality rates for the population and then estimated the probability of obtaining a dataset with 0 mortalities. We found that only at high survival rates was there a high probability of observing 0 mortalities. We conclude that remigial molt is normally a period of low mortality in the annual cycle of scoters. The molt period does not appear to be a constraint on scoter populations; therefore, other annual cycle stages should be targeted by research and management efforts to change population trajectories.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.774","usgsCitation":"Uher-Koch, B.D., Esler, D., Dickson, R.D., Hupp, J.W., Evenson, J.R., Anderson, E.M., Barrett, J., and Schmutz, J.A., 2014, Survival of surf scoters and white-winged scoters during remigial molt: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 78, no. 7, p. 1189-1196, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.774.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1189","endPage":"1196","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051189","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297083,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, British Columbia, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Salish Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -135.50537109375,\n              57.73934950049299\n            ],\n            [\n              -135.50537109375,\n              59.07444815466584\n            ],\n            [\n              -133.59375,\n              59.07444815466584\n            ],\n            [\n              -133.59375,\n              57.73934950049299\n            ],\n            [\n              -135.50537109375,\n              57.73934950049299\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n   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buher-koch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1885-0260","contributorId":5117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uher-Koch","given":"Brian","email":"buher-koch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dickson, Rian D.","contributorId":138554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dickson","given":"Rian","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hupp, Jerry W. 0000-0002-6439-3910 jhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-3910","contributorId":127803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Jerry","email":"jhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Evenson, Joseph R.","contributorId":138555,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evenson","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12438,"text":"Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Anderson, Eric M.","contributorId":138556,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Barrett, Jennifer","contributorId":138557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barrett","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70122929,"text":"sir20145146 - 2014 - Hydraulic assessment of existing and alternative stream crossings providing fish and wildlife passage at seven sites in Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-29T14:34:20","indexId":"sir20145146","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-29T14:24:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5146","title":"Hydraulic assessment of existing and alternative stream crossings providing fish and wildlife passage at seven sites in Massachusetts","docAbstract":"<p>Seven existing road crossing structures at streams in Massachusetts were evaluated hydraulically and compared to hypothetical alternative structures designed for Aquatic Organism Passage (AOP) using standards developed by the Massachusetts River Continuity Partnership. Hydraulic simulations made for flood flows ranging from 20- to 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability (AEP) indicate that the existing structures are at full capacity for many of the simulated AEP floods, causing appreciable backwater upstream from the structure, which exacerbates upstream flooding and causes road overflow in many cases. The existing structures also create an impediment to AOP by failing to meet standards for openness, height, span, and velocity.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Simulated hypothetical road crossing structures that provide for fish and wildlife passage by meeting or exceeding the AOP standards were able to convey most simulated AEP flood flows without causing appreciable backwater upstream from the structure. At sites where backwater was still present, it occurred only at the highest simulated flows and was compounded by the low downstream gradient that affected the water-surface elevation at the structure. The simulations of the alternative structures also indicate that, in addition to improved passage for fish and wildlife, the structures are more resilient to large floods and provide a greater buffer to uncertainties and potential changes in flood flows than the existing stream-crossing structures.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145146","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Zarriello, P.J., and Barbaro, J.R., 2014, Hydraulic assessment of existing and alternative stream crossings providing fish and wildlife passage at seven sites in Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5146, viii, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145146.","productDescription":"viii, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-056007","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293210,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145146.jpg"},{"id":293209,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5146/pdf/sir2014-5146.pdf"},{"id":293198,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5146/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.5081,41.239 ], [ -73.5081,42.8868 ], [ -69.928,42.8868 ], [ -69.928,41.239 ], [ -73.5081,41.239 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"540185b2e4b0ae951d95c97c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zarriello, Phillip J. 0000-0001-9598-9904 pzarriel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9598-9904","contributorId":1868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zarriello","given":"Phillip","email":"pzarriel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barbaro, Jeffrey R. 0000-0002-6107-2142 jrbarbar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-2142","contributorId":1626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbaro","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jrbarbar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70118103,"text":"sir20145142 - 2014 - Hydroclimate of the Spring Mountains and Sheep Range, Clark County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-29T10:22:58","indexId":"sir20145142","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-29T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5142","title":"Hydroclimate of the Spring Mountains and Sheep Range, Clark County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, and actual evapotranspiration often are used to characterize the hydroclimate of a region. Quantification of these parameters in mountainous terrains is difficult because limited access often hampers the collection of representative ground data. To fulfill a need to characterize ecological zones in the Spring Mountains and Sheep Range of southern Nevada, spatially and temporally explicit estimates of these hydroclimatic parameters are determined from remote-sensing and model-based methodologies. Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) precipitation estimates for this area ranges from about 100 millimeters (mm) in the low elevations of the study area (700 meters [m]) to more than 700 mm in the high elevations of the Spring Mountains (> 2,800 m). The PRISM model underestimates precipitation by 7–15 percent based on a comparison with four high‑elevation precipitation gages having more than 20 years of record. Precipitation at 3,000-m elevation is 50 percent greater in the Spring Mountains than in the Sheep Range. The lesser amount of precipitation in the Sheep Range is attributed to partial moisture depletion by the Spring Mountains of eastward-moving, cool-season (October–April) storms. Cool-season storms account for 66–76 percent of annual precipitation. Potential evapotranspiration estimates by the Basin Characterization Model range from about 700 mm in the high elevations of the Spring Mountains to 1,600 mm in the low elevations of the study area. The model realistically simulates lower potential evapotranspiration on northeast-to-northwest facing slopes compared to adjacent southeast-to-southwest facing slopes. Actual evapotranspiration, estimated using a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer based water-balance model, ranges from about 100 to 600 mm. The magnitude and spatial variation of simulated, actual evapotranspiration was validated by comparison to PRISM precipitation. Estimated groundwater recharge, computed as the residual of precipitation depleted by actual evapotranspiration, is within the range of previous estimates. A climatic water deficit dataset and aridity-index-based climate zones are derived from precipitation and evapotranspiration datasets. Climate zones range from arid in the lower elevations of the study area to humid in small pockets on north- to northeast-facing slopes in the high elevations of the Spring Mountains. Correlative analyses between hydroclimatic variables and mean ecosystem elevations indicate that the climatic water deficit is the best predictor of ecosystem distribution (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.92). Computed water balances indicate that substantially more recharge is generated in the Spring Mountains than in the Sheep Range. A geospatial database containing compiled and developed hydroclimatic data and other pertinent information accompanies this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145142","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Moreo, M.T., Senay, G.B., Flint, A.L., Damar, N.A., Laczniak, R.J., and Hurja, J., 2014, Hydroclimate of the Spring Mountains and Sheep Range, Clark County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5142, Report: 38 p.; 2 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145142.","productDescription":"Report: 38 p.; 2 Appendices","numberOfPages":"48","ipdsId":"IP-033212","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293178,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145142.jpg"},{"id":293176,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?sir2014-5142_App1"},{"id":293177,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5142/downloads/sir2014-5142_appendixB.xlsx"},{"id":293175,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5142/pdf/sir2014-5142.pdf"},{"id":293173,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5142/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Clark County","otherGeospatial":"Spring Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.81,35.97 ], [ -115.81,36.96 ], [ -114.88,36.96 ], [ -114.88,35.97 ], [ -115.81,35.97 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"540185b2e4b0ae951d95c981","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moreo, Michael T. 0000-0002-9122-6958 mtmoreo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9122-6958","contributorId":2363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moreo","given":"Michael","email":"mtmoreo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":3114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Damar, Nancy A. 0000-0002-7520-7386 nadamar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7520-7386","contributorId":4154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Damar","given":"Nancy","email":"nadamar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Laczniak, Randell J.","contributorId":90687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laczniak","given":"Randell","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hurja, James","contributorId":91795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurja","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70116227,"text":"ofr20141143 - 2014 - Fort Collins Science Center: science accomplishments for fiscal years 2012 and 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-29T09:50:21","indexId":"ofr20141143","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-29T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1143","title":"Fort Collins Science Center: science accomplishments for fiscal years 2012 and 2013","docAbstract":"<p>The Fort Collins Science Center (FORT) is a multi-disciplinary research and development center of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) located in Fort Collins, Colorado. Organizationally, FORT is within the USGS Southwest Region, although our work extends across the Nation and into several other countries. FORT research focuses on needs of the land- and water-management bureaus within the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), other Federal agencies, and those of State and non-government organizations. As a Science Center, we emphasize a multi-disciplinary science approach to provide information for resource-management decisionmaking. FORT’s vision is to maintain and continuously improve the integrated, collaborative, world-class research needed to inform effective, science-based land and resource management. Our science and technological development activities and unique capabilities support all USGS scientific Mission Areas and contribute to successful, collaborative science efforts across the USGS and DOI. We organized our report into an Executive Summary, a cross-reference table, and an appendix. The executive summary provides brief highlights of some key FORT accomplishments for each Mission Area. The table cross-references all major FY2012 and FY2013 science accomplishments with the various Mission Areas that each supports. The one-page accomplishment descriptions in the appendix are organized by USGS Mission Area and describe the many and diverse ways in which our science is applied to resource issues. As in prior years, lists of all FY2012 and FY2013 publications and other product types also are appended.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141143","usgsCitation":"Wilson, J.T., and Hamilton, D.B., 2014, Fort Collins Science Center: science accomplishments for fiscal years 2012 and 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1143, v, 113 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141143.","productDescription":"v, 113 p.","numberOfPages":"118","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-049196","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293171,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141143.jpg"},{"id":293170,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1143/pdf/ofr2014-1143.pdf"},{"id":293168,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1143/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"540185b0e4b0ae951d95c96b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Juliette T.","contributorId":86439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Juliette","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamilton, David B. hamiltond@usgs.gov","contributorId":193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"David","email":"hamiltond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":495724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70133360,"text":"70133360 - 2014 - Low transient storage and uptake efficiencies in seven agricultural streams: implications for nutrient demand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-14T16:53:14","indexId":"70133360","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low transient storage and uptake efficiencies in seven agricultural streams: implications for nutrient demand","docAbstract":"<p>We used mass load budgets, transient storage modeling, and nutrient spiraling metrics to characterize nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>&minus;</sup>), ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>), and inorganic phosphorus (SRP) demand in seven agricultural streams across the United States and to identify in-stream services that may control these conditions. Retention of one or all nutrients was observed in all but one stream, but demand for all nutrients was low relative to the mass in transport. Transient storage metrics (<em>A<sub>s</sub>/A</em>, <em>F</em><sub>med</sub><sup>200</sup>, T<sub>str</sub>, and q<sub>s</sub>) correlated with NO<sub>3</sub><sup>&minus;</sup> retention but not NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> or SRP retention, suggesting in-stream services associated with transient storage and stream water residence time could influence reach-scale NO<sub>3</sub><sup>&minus;</sup> demand. However, because the fraction of median reach-scale travel time due to transient storage (<em>F</em><sub>med</sub><sup>200</sup>) was &le;1.2% across the sites, only a relatively small demand for NO<sub>3</sub><sup>&minus;</sup> could be generated by transient storage. In contrast, net uptake of nutrients from the water column calculated from nutrient spiraling metrics were not significant at any site because uptake lengths calculated from background nutrient concentrations were statistically insignificant and therefore much longer than the study reaches. These results suggest that low transient storage coupled with high surface water NO<sub>3</sub><sup>&minus;</sup> inputs have resulted in uptake efficiencies that are not sufficient to offset groundwater inputs of N. Nutrient retention has been linked to physical and hydrogeologic elements that drive flow through transient storage areas where residence time and biotic contact are maximized; however, our findings indicate that similar mechanisms are unable to generate a significant nutrient demand in these streams relative to the loads.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2134/jeq2014.01.0034","usgsCitation":"Sheibley, R.W., Duff, J.H., and Tesoriero, A., 2014, Low transient storage and uptake efficiencies in seven agricultural streams: implications for nutrient demand: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 43, no. 6, p. 1980-1990, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2014.01.0034.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1980","endPage":"1990","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056733","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296115,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546727bce4b04d4b7dbde879","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheibley, Rich W. 0000-0003-1627-8536 sheibley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1627-8536","contributorId":3044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheibley","given":"Rich","email":"sheibley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duff, John H. jhduff@usgs.gov","contributorId":961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"John","email":"jhduff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tesoriero, Anthony J.","contributorId":40207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tesoriero","given":"Anthony J.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70111867,"text":"ofr20141117 - 2014 - Estimated water use in Puerto Rico, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-28T14:40:28","indexId":"ofr20141117","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-28T14:32:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1117","title":"Estimated water use in Puerto Rico, 2010","docAbstract":"<p>Water-use data were aggregated for the 78 municipios of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico for 2010. Five major offstream categories were considered: public-supply water withdrawals and deliveries, domestic and industrial self-supplied water use, crop-irrigation water use, and thermoelectric-power freshwater use. One instream water-use category also was compiled: power-generation instream water use (thermoelectric saline withdrawals and hydroelectric power). Freshwater withdrawals for offstream use from surface-water [606 million gallons per day (Mgal/d)] and groundwater (118 Mgal/d) sources in Puerto Rico were estimated at 724 million gallons per day. The largest amount of freshwater withdrawn was by public-supply water facilities estimated at 677 Mgal/d. Public-supply domestic water use was estimated at 206 Mgal/d. Fresh groundwater withdrawals by domestic self-supplied users were estimated at 2.41 Mgal/d. Industrial self-supplied withdrawals were estimated at 4.30 Mgal/d. Withdrawals for crop irrigation purposes were estimated at 38.2 Mgal/d, or approximately 5 percent of all offstream freshwater withdrawals. Instream freshwater withdrawals by hydroelectric facilities were estimated at 556 Mgal/d and saline instream surface-water withdrawals for cooling purposes by thermoelectric-power facilities was estimated at 2,262 Mgal/d.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141117","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority, Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources, and Puerto Rico Environmental Quality Board","usgsCitation":"Molina-Rivera, W.L., 2014, Estimated water use in Puerto Rico, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1117, Report: vi, 35 p.; Appendix A1, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141117.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 35 p.; Appendix A1","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-050690","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293157,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141117.jpg"},{"id":293156,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1117/pdf/ofr2014-1117.pdf"},{"id":293155,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1117/"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -67.25,17.75 ], [ -67.25,18.5 ], [ -65.25,18.5 ], [ -65.25,17.75 ], [ -67.25,17.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54003433e4b04e908030b53b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Molina-Rivera, Wanda L. 0000-0001-5856-283X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5856-283X","contributorId":54190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molina-Rivera","given":"Wanda","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70122284,"text":"70122284 - 2014 - A nuclear DNA perspective on delineating evolutionarily significant lineages in polyploids: the case of the endangered shortnose sturgeon (<i>Acipenser brevirostrum</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-23T13:58:35","indexId":"70122284","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-28T13:57:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A nuclear DNA perspective on delineating evolutionarily significant lineages in polyploids: the case of the endangered shortnose sturgeon (<i>Acipenser brevirostrum</i>)","docAbstract":"The shortnose sturgeon, <i>Acipenser brevirostrum</i>, oft considered a phylogenetic relic, is listed as an “endangered species threatened with extinction” in the US and “Vulnerable” on the IUCN Red List. Effective conservation of <i>A. brevirostrum</i> depends on understanding its diversity and evolutionary processes, yet challenges associated with the polyploid nature of its nuclear genome have heretofore limited population genetic analysis to maternally inherited haploid characters. We developed a suite of polysomic microsatellite DNA markers and characterized a sample of 561 shortnose sturgeon collected from major extant populations along the North American Atlantic coast. The 181 alleles observed at 11 loci were scored as binary loci and the data were subjected to multivariate ordination, Bayesian clustering, hierarchical partitioning of variance, and among-population distance metric tests. The methods uncovered moderately high levels of gene diversity suggesting population structuring across and within three metapopulations (Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, and Southeast) that encompass seven demographically discrete and evolutionarily distinct lineages. The predicted groups are consistent with previously described behavioral patterns, especially dispersal and migration, supporting the interpretation that <i>A. brevirostrum</i> exhibit adaptive differences based on watershed. Combined with results of prior genetic (mitochondrial DNA) and behavioral studies, the current work suggests that dispersal is an important factor in maintaining genetic diversity in A. brevirostrum and that the basic unit for conservation management is arguably the local population.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"PLoS ONE","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0102784","usgsCitation":"King, T.L., Henderson, A.P., Kynard, B.E., Kieffer, M.C., Peterson, D.L., Aunins, A.W., and Brown, B.L., 2014, A nuclear DNA perspective on delineating evolutionarily significant lineages in polyploids: the case of the endangered shortnose sturgeon (<i>Acipenser brevirostrum</i>): PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 8, e102784, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102784.","productDescription":"e102784","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-055543","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472806,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102784","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":294357,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294356,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102784"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.84,30.5 ], [ -83.84,46.5 ], [ -67.1,46.5 ], [ -67.1,30.5 ], [ -83.84,30.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"9","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb08e4b08312ac7ceec0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Tim L. tlking@usgs.gov","contributorId":3520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Tim","email":"tlking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henderson, Anne P.","contributorId":29290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kynard, Boyd E.","contributorId":53712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kynard","given":"Boyd","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kieffer, Micah C. 0000-0001-9310-018X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9310-018X","contributorId":40532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kieffer","given":"Micah","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peterson, Douglas L.","contributorId":38911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Aunins, Aaron W. 0000-0001-5240-1453 aaunins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-1453","contributorId":5863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aunins","given":"Aaron","email":"aaunins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brown, Bonnie L.","contributorId":23083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Bonnie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70122645,"text":"70122645 - 2014 - Freshwater mussel population status and habitat quality in the Clinch River, Virginia and Tennessee, USA: a featured collection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-08T12:06:46","indexId":"70122645","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-28T10:24:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Freshwater mussel population status and habitat quality in the Clinch River, Virginia and Tennessee, USA: a featured collection","docAbstract":"<p>The Clinch River of southwestern Virginia and northeastern Tennessee is arguably the most important river for freshwater mussel conservation in the United States. This featured collection presents investigations of mussel population status and habitat quality in the Clinch River. Analyses of historic water- and sediment-quality data suggest that water column ammonia and water column and sediment metals, including Cu and Zn, may have contributed historically to declining densities and extirpations of mussels in the river's Virginia sections. These studies also reveal increasing temporal trends for dissolved solids concentrations throughout much of the river's extent. Current mussel abundance patterns do not correspond spatially with physical habitat quality, but they do correspond with specific conductance, dissolved major ions, and water column metals, suggesting these and/or associated constituents as factors contributing to mussel declines. Mussels are sensitive to metals. Native mussels and hatchery-raised mussels held in cages in situ accumulated metals in their body tissues in river sections where mussels are declining. Organic compound and bed-sediment contaminant analyses did not reveal spatial correspondences with mussel status metrics, although potentially toxic levels were found. Collectively, these studies identify major ions and metals as water- and sediment-quality concerns for mussel conservation in the Clinch River.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA","doi":"10.1111/jawr.12220","usgsCitation":"Zipper, C.E., Beaty, B., Johnson, G.C., Jones, J.W., Krstolic, J.L., Ostby, B.J., Wolfe, W., and Donovan, P., 2014, Freshwater mussel population status and habitat quality in the Clinch River, Virginia and Tennessee, USA: a featured collection: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 50, no. 4, p. 807-819, https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12220.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"807","endPage":"819","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045007","costCenters":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293149,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Clinch River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.6754,36.364 ], [ -83.6754,37.5991 ], [ -81.2297,37.5991 ], [ -81.2297,36.364 ], [ -83.6754,36.364 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"50","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54003434e4b04e908030b542","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zipper, Carl E.","contributorId":43683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zipper","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beaty, Braven","contributorId":21076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beaty","given":"Braven","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Gregory C. 0000-0003-3683-5010 gcjohnso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3683-5010","contributorId":1420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Gregory","email":"gcjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, Jess W.","contributorId":84279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Jess","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krstolic, Jennifer Lynn","contributorId":67015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krstolic","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ostby, Brett J.K.","contributorId":42863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostby","given":"Brett","email":"","middleInitial":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wolfe, William J. wjwolfe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"William J.","email":"wjwolfe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":499536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Donovan, Patricia","contributorId":70297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"Patricia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70122722,"text":"70122722 - 2014 - Can air temperature be used to project influences of climate change on stream temperature?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-24T17:24:19","indexId":"70122722","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-28T08:39:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1562,"text":"Environmental Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Can air temperature be used to project influences of climate change on stream temperature?","docAbstract":"Worldwide, lack of data on stream temperature has motivated the use of regression-based statistical models to predict stream temperatures based on more widely available data on air temperatures. Such models have been widely applied to project responses of stream temperatures under climate change, but the performance of these models has not been fully evaluated. To address this knowledge gap, we examined the performance of two widely used linear and nonlinear regression models that predict stream temperatures based on air temperatures. We evaluated model performance and temporal stability of model parameters in a suite of regulated and unregulated streams with 11–44 years of stream temperature data. Although such models may have validity when predicting stream temperatures within the span of time that corresponds to the data used to develop them, model predictions did not transfer well to other time periods. Validation of model predictions of most recent stream temperatures, based on air temperature–stream temperature relationships from previous time periods often showed poor performance when compared with observed stream temperatures. Overall, model predictions were less robust in regulated streams and they frequently failed in detecting the coldest and warmest temperatures within all sites. In many cases, the magnitude of errors in these predictions falls within a range that equals or exceeds the magnitude of future projections of climate-related changes in stream temperatures reported for the region we studied (between 0.5 and 3.0 °C by 2080). The limited ability of regression-based statistical models to accurately project stream temperatures over time likely stems from the fact that underlying processes at play, namely the heat budgets of air and water, are distinctive in each medium and vary among localities and through time.","language":"English","publisher":"IOP Publishing","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/9/8/084015","usgsCitation":"Arismendi, I., Safeeq, M., Dunham, J., and Johnson, S.L., 2014, Can air temperature be used to project influences of climate change on stream temperature?: Environmental Research Letters, v. 9, no. 8, Article 084015; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/8/084015.","productDescription":"Article 084015; 12 p.","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-052781","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/8/084015","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":293143,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5400342fe4b04e908030b534","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arismendi, Ivan","contributorId":70661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arismendi","given":"Ivan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Safeeq, Mohammad 0000-0003-0529-3925","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0529-3925","contributorId":77814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Safeeq","given":"Mohammad","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6641,"text":"University of California at Merced","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":499665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dunham, Jason B.","contributorId":64791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Sherri L.","contributorId":91757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Sherri","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70148500,"text":"70148500 - 2014 - The offshore benthic fish community","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-09T15:00:18","indexId":"70148500","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"The offshore benthic fish community","docAbstract":"Lake Ontario’s offshore benthic fish community includes primarily slimy sculpin, lake whitefish, rainbow smelt, lake trout, burbot, and sea lamprey. Of these, lake trout have been the focus of an international restoration effort for more than three decades (Elrod et al. 1995; Lantry and Lantry 2008). The deepwater sculpin and three species of deepwater ciscoes (Coregonus spp.) that were historically important in the offshore benthic zone became rare or were extirpated by the 1960s (Christie 1973; Owens et al. 2003; Lantry et al. 2007b; Roth et al. 2013). Ecosystem changes continue to influence the offshore benthic fish community, including the effects of dreissenid mussels, the near disappearance of burrowing amphipods (Diporeia spp.) (Dermott et al. 2005; Watkins et al. 2007), and the increased abundance and expanded geographic distribution of round goby (see Nearshore Fish Community chapter) (Lantry et al. 2007b). The fish-community objectives for the offshore benthic fish community, as described by Stewart et al. (1999), are:\nThe offshore benthic fish community will be composed of self-sustaining native fishes characterized by lake trout as the top predator, a population expansion of lake whitefish from northeastern waters to other areas of the lake, and rehabilitated native prey fishes.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The state of Lake Ontario in 2008","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","usgsCitation":"Lantry, B.F., Lantry, J.R., Weidel, B., Walsh, M.,  Hoyle, J., Schaner, T., Neave, F.B., and Keir, M., 2014, The offshore benthic fish community, 19 p.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"41","ipdsId":"IP-056191","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science 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Michael","contributorId":141101,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keir","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":6779,"text":"Environment Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70110904,"text":"sir20145103 - 2014 - Hydrology and numerical simulation of groundwater movement and heat transport in Snake Valley and surrounding areas, Juab, Miller, and Beaver Counties, Utah, and White Pine and Lincoln Counties, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-19T16:22:06","indexId":"sir20145103","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-27T14:32:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5103","title":"Hydrology and numerical simulation of groundwater movement and heat transport in Snake Valley and surrounding areas, Juab, Miller, and Beaver Counties, Utah, and White Pine and Lincoln Counties, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>Snake Valley and surrounding areas, along the Utah-Nevada state border, are part of the Great Basin carbonate and alluvial aquifer system. The groundwater system in the study area consists of water in unconsolidated deposits in basins and water in consolidated rock underlying the basins and in the adjacent mountain blocks. Most recharge occurs from precipitation on the mountain blocks and most discharge occurs from the lower altitude basin-fill deposits mainly as evapotranspiration, springflow, and well withdrawals.</p><p>The Snake Valley area regional groundwater system was simulated using a three-dimensional model incorporating both groundwater flow and heat transport. The model was constructed with MODFLOW-2000, a version of the U.S. Geological Survey’s groundwater flow model, and MT3DMS, a transport model that simulates advection, dispersion, and chemical reactions of solutes or heat in groundwater systems. Observations of groundwater discharge by evapotranspiration, springflow, mountain stream base flow, and well withdrawals; groundwater-level altitudes; and groundwater temperatures were used to calibrate the model. Parameter values estimated by regression analyses were reasonable and within the range of expected values.</p><p>This study represents one of the first regional modeling efforts to include calibration to groundwater temperature data. The inclusion of temperature observations reduced parameter uncertainty, in some cases quite significantly, over using just water-level altitude and discharge observations. Of the 39 parameters used to simulate horizontal hydraulic conductivity, uncertainty on 11 of these parameters was reduced to one order of magnitude or less. Other significant reductions in parameter uncertainty occurred in parameters representing the vertical anisotropy ratio, drain and river conductance, recharge rates, and well withdrawal rates.</p><p>The model provides a good representation of the groundwater system. Simulated water-level altitudes range over almost 2,000 meters (m); 98 percent of the simulated values of water-level altitudes in wells are within 30 m of observed water-level altitudes, and 58 percent of them are within 12 m. Nineteen of 20 simulated discharges are within 30 percent of observed discharge. Eighty-one percent of the simulated values of groundwater temperatures in wells are within 2 degrees Celsius (°C) of the observed values, and 55 percent of them are within 0.75 °C. The numerical model represents a more robust quantification of groundwater budget components than previous studies because the model integrates all components of the groundwater budget. The model also incorporates new data including (1) a detailed hydrogeologic framework, and (2) more observations, including several new water-level altitudes throughout the study area, several new measurements of spring discharge within Snake Valley which had not previously been monitored, and groundwater temperature data. Uncertainty in the estimates of subsurface flow are less than those of previous studies because the model balanced recharge and discharge across the entire simulated area, not just in each hydrographic area, and because of the large dataset of observations (water-level altitudes, discharge, and temperatures) used to calibrate the model and the resulting transmissivity distribution.</p><p>Groundwater recharge from precipitation and unconsumed irrigation in Snake Valley is 160,000 acre-feet per year (acre-ft/yr), which is within the range of previous estimates. Subsurface inflow from southern Spring Valley to southern Snake Valley is 13,000 acre-ft/yr and is within the range of previous estimates; subsurface inflow from Spring Valley to Snake Valley north of the Snake Range, however, is only 2,200 acre-ft/yr, which is much less than has been previously estimated. Groundwater discharge from groundwater evapotranspiration and springs is 100,000 acre-ft/yr, and discharge to mountain streams is 3,300 acre-ft/yr; these are within the range of previous estimates. Current well withdrawals are 28,000 acre-ft/yr. Subsurface outflow from Snake Valley moves into Pine Valley (2,000 acre-ft/yr), Wah Wah Valley (23 acre-ft/yr), Tule Valley (33,000 acre-ft/yr), Fish Springs Flat (790 acre-ft/yr), and outside of the study area towards Great Salt Lake Desert (8,400 acre-ft/yr); these outflows, totaling about 44,000 acre-ft/yr, are within the range of previous estimates.</p><p>The subsurface flow amounts indicate the degree of connectivity between hydrographic areas within the study area. The simulated transmissivity and locations of natural discharge, however, provide a better estimate of the effect of groundwater withdrawals on groundwater resources than does the amount and direction of subsurface flow between hydrographic areas. The distribution of simulated transmissivity throughout the study area includes many areas of high transmissivity within and between hydrographic areas. Increased well withdrawals within these high transmissivity areas will likely affect a large part of the study area, resulting in declining groundwater levels, as well as leading to a decrease in natural discharge to springs and evapotranspiration.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145103","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Juab, Millard, Salt Lake, Tooele, and Utah Counties","usgsCitation":"Masbruch, M.D., Gardner, P.M., and Brooks, L.E., 2014, Hydrology and numerical simulation of groundwater movement and heat transport in Snake Valley and surrounding areas, Juab, Miller, and Beaver Counties, Utah, and White Pine and Lincoln Counties, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5103, x, 107 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145103.","productDescription":"x, 107 p.","numberOfPages":"122","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042407","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293136,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145103.jpg"},{"id":293135,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5103/pdf/sir2014-5103.pdf"},{"id":293134,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5103/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada, Utah","county":"Beaver County, Juab County, Lincoln County, Millard County, White Pine County","otherGeospatial":"Snake Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.9,36.98 ], [ -115.9,40.24 ], [ -110.05,40.24 ], [ -110.05,36.98 ], [ -115.9,36.98 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53fee2afe4b01f35f8fd1390","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masbruch, Melissa D. 0000-0001-6568-160X mmasbruch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6568-160X","contributorId":1902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masbruch","given":"Melissa","email":"mmasbruch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, Philip M. 0000-0003-3005-3587 pgardner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3005-3587","contributorId":962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Philip","email":"pgardner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brooks, Lynette E. 0000-0002-9074-0939 lebrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9074-0939","contributorId":2718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Lynette","email":"lebrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70121945,"text":"ofr20141182 - 2014 - Guidelines for the collection of continuous stream water-temperature data in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-27T12:23:24","indexId":"ofr20141182","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-27T11:20:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1182","title":"Guidelines for the collection of continuous stream water-temperature data in Alaska","docAbstract":"Objectives of stream monitoring programs differ considerably among many of the academic, Federal, state, tribal, and non-profit organizations in the state of Alaska. Broad inclusion of stream-temperature monitoring can provide an opportunity for collaboration in the development of a statewide stream-temperature database. Statewide and regional coordination could reduce overall monitoring cost, while providing better analyses at multiple spatial and temporal scales to improve resource decision-making. Increased adoption of standardized protocols and data-quality standards may allow for validation of historical modeling efforts with better projection calibration. For records of stream water temperature to be generally consistent, unbiased, and reproducible, data must be collected and analyzed according to documented protocols. Collection of water-temperature data requires definition of data-quality objectives, good site selection, proper selection of instrumentation, proper installation of sensors, periodic site visits to maintain sensors and download data, pre- and post-deployment verification against an NIST-certified thermometer, potential data corrections, and proper documentation, review, and approval. A study created to develop a quality-assurance project plan, data-quality objectives, and a database management plan that includes procedures for data archiving and dissemination could provide a means to standardize a statewide stream-temperature database in Alaska. Protocols can be modified depending on desired accuracy or specific needs of data collected. This document is intended to guide users in collecting time series water-temperature data in Alaskan streams and draws extensively on the broader protocols already published by the U.S. Geological Survey.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141182","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Toohey, R., Neal, E., and Solin, G.L., 2014, Guidelines for the collection of continuous stream water-temperature data in Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1182, iv, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141182.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-058762","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293098,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141182.PNG"},{"id":293096,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1182/pdf/ofr2014-1182.pdf"},{"id":293094,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1182/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.4,51.2 ], [ 172.4,71.4 ], [ -130.0,71.4 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 172.4,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53fee2aee4b01f35f8fd138c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toohey, Ryan C.","contributorId":7201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toohey","given":"Ryan C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neal, Edward G.","contributorId":68775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"Edward G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Solin, Gary L. glsolin@usgs.gov","contributorId":5675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solin","given":"Gary","email":"glsolin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":499410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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